Hello friends,

There will be 7 of the attached questions.

Apart from these, there will be three questions (not on this list).

https://www.masterclass.com/articles/baroque-era-music-guide#4-characteristics-of-baroque-music

Music History XI

1 -What are the style features of early baroque music?

Rhythm and meter, texture: basso continuo, functional harmony

İnternette Bulduklarım;

Emphasis on Dynamics; (Barok döneminde, pianoforte (piyanonun erken bir versiyonu), klavsen birincil klavye enstrümanı olarak
yerini aldı. Piyanoforte (Almancada klavier olarak adlandırılır) tellere keçeli çekiçlerle vururken klavsen telleri koparırdı. Bu, pianoforte'un hem
yumuşak hem de yüksek sesle çalabileceği ve yeni dinamik olanaklar yaratabileceği anlamına geliyordu. Valf trompet ve keman gibi diğer yeni Barok
enstrümanlar da muazzam dinamik potansiyele sahipti. Ud gibi Rönesans enstrümanları hala çalınıyordu, ancak daha yeni, daha dinamik
seçeneklerle popülaritesi gölgede kaldı.)

Embrace of instrumental music; (Barok döneminden önce, büyük miktarda müzik, ayinsel ortamlarda kullanılan vokal
müzikti. Barok besteciler hala koral, kantat ve opera biçiminde şarkı söylemeyi benimserken, enstrümantal müzik giderek daha popüler hale
geldi. Vivaldi'nin Four Seasons veya Bach'ın Brandenburg Konçertosu gibi Barok müziğin en ünlü parçalarından bazıları enstrümantal
parçalardır.)

Ornamentation; (Much like Baroque architecture and sculpture, Baroque music embraces flair. Even the simplest melodies were often
embellished with ornamentations like trills, acciaccaturas, appoggiaturas, mordents, and turns .)

Basso continuo; (Basso continuo notasyonu Barok döneminde popüler oldu. Bu müzik notasyonu biçimi, genellikle bir Barok toplulukta
bir çello tarafından çalınan eksiksiz bir bas hattı içerir. Klavsen veya piyano gibi bir klavyeli enstrümanın bir oyuncusu daha sonra figürlü bas
notasyonu kullanarak akorları doğaçlama yapar. Solo org çalanlar genellikle baso sürekli notasyonu tamamen kendi başlarına oynarlar.)

2 - Please give information about the invention of the opera? Explain aria, recitative and
libretto. How did opera differ from the Church Cantata and Oratorio?

It began in Italy, 1600s. It combined with poetry, drama, music, vocal virtuosity and
dance.

- Aria is a set piece with emotions for solo singer (that has much more musical
elaboration.)

- Recitative is a technic of the declaiming. Words musically in a heightened with

theatrical way. (konuşmanın tonlarını taklit etmek ve vurgulamak için tasarlanmış bir tarzda söylenen olay
örgüsünü yönlendiren pasajlar.)

- Libretto is the words of an opera.

 Church cantata is performed in church. Oratorio is basically an opera on a religious
subject. However, opera is secular music.

3.Please give information about the development of instrumental music in the early baroque
period.

At the end of the period, Bach, Haendel, Vivaldi, left us many hundreds of
instrumental compositions. The technology of instruments was improved,
Stradivarius.

4 - What is basso continuo? Which instruments played the basso continuo?

It is the accompaniment part of the piece that leads the harmonics in the bass
register. It is played by bassoon, cello and harpsichord.

5 - Please explain the baroque concerto and concerto grosso. Who were the leading
composers of these genres?

They are in Ritornello form. Concerto grosso’s form is larger than concerto. Likewise,
in concerto grosso, there are more solos than concerto. The leading composers were
Vivaldi, Corelli and Bach

6 – Which instruments are included in the baroque orchestra ? Festive and basic...

Basic baroque orchestra contains 1st violins, 2nd violins, violas, cellos and viols. Oboe -
bassoon, brasses, percussions, and keyboard instruments are also included in the
Festive Baroque Orchestra.

7 –Please describe the musical life in the early 18’ th century ...

People used to go to an opera for have fun. In opera, you were able to eat, drink
during the concert. Instrumental pieces were at the forefront.

8 – What is the ground bass technique ? Please give examples from the repertoire...

Ground bass technique is a bass line that always repeats.

- J. S. Bach, Chaccone Partita No. 2

- J. S. Bach, Cantata No. 74
- H. Purcell, Music for a While

9 - What are the general characteristics of late baroque music ?

The music glorifies the king and the god. Military instruments (like trumpets and
drums) were on the forefront.
 (Rhythm, tone color, dynamics, melody, texture)

10 –Please briefly summarize the careers of Vivaldi, J. S. Bach and G. F. Handel. In which
genres did they give important works?
- Vivaldi is an Italian composer who plays violin. He used to compose in a church
school. His violin concertos are popular.

- J. S. Bach is a German composer and organist. He used to work in a church. His

keyboard pieces are popular.

- G. F. Handel is a German composer who most likely composed vocal works such as
opera, oratorio, cantata and duet.