10 fY%aKsh

10 jk mdvu YS% ,xldj yd ngysr f,dalh

ieliqu - jhs'wd¾' trx.d .hdkS rEmisxy^ Y%S .,x. .=.fia. &
lE$foys$bx.srshdj;a; uyd úoHd,h - foys´úg wOHdmk l,dmh.
ksmqK;dj -
rgl úfoaY wdêm;H f.dv ke.Su ioyd n,mdk idOl ngysr cd;Ska
Y%S ,xldfõ n,h msysgqjd .ekSu weiqßka úu¾Ykh lrhs.

ksmqK;d uÜgu -
10.1. ;dlaIKsl wdêm;H yd ;dka;s%l Wml%u
u.ska mD;=.Siska yd ,kafoaiSka n,h jHdma; l<
wdldrh myohs.
yeÈkaùu
 hqfrdamfha we;sjQ fj<o m%fndaOh;a iu. hqfrdamd cd;Ska kef.kysr rgj,g
wjOdkh fhduq lrk ,§.
 fj<o wruqKq wNsnjd foaYmd,k wruqKq biau;=ùu;a iu. fmr wmr È.
rgj, hg;a úcs; we;slr .ekSug Tjqka lghq;= lf<a h.
hqfrdamh yd wdishdj w;r fj<o ud¾.
hqfrdamh yd wdishdj w;r fj<o ud¾.
01'fiao udj;

fldkaia;ka;f
s kdam,h m¾ishdj

Ökh uOH wdishdj

2'bkaÈhdkq id.rhg meñKs ud¾.h

fldkaia;ka;sfkdam,h uOHOrKS uqyqo ñirh

bkaÈhka id.rh r;= uqyqo

03'bkaÈhdfõ ngysr fjr,g meñKs ud¾.h

fldkaia;ka;sfkdam,h ne.avEâ

bkaÈhdfõ ngysr m¾ishka fndlal

fjr<
 mD;=.SiSka wdishdjg meñKSu

mD;=.Siskf
a .a uõ rg - mD;=.d,h

mD;=.d,h msyg
s d we;af;a - hqfrdamd uyoaùmfha whsîßhka w¾Ooaùmfha
w;a,dka;sla id.rhg uqyqK ,d msysgd we;.

mD;=.SiSka foaY.fõIKhg m%fõYhg jeä Wkkaÿjla we;sjQfha mD;=.d,fha

fykaß l=ure ^kdúl fykaß& kdúk úoHd,hla wdrïN lsÍu;a iu.h.

mD;=.d,fha jiafldao .dud wm%sldj jgd .ukafldg j¾I 1498 os bkaÈhdfõ

le,slÜ j,g meñKsfha h'
 ,xldjg meñKs hqfrdamd cd;Ska
mD;=.SiSka
1505 1658 uqyqÿnv m%foaY w;am;a lr .ekSu.

,kafoaiSka
1658 - 1796 q nv m%foaY w;am;a lr .ekSu’
uqyÿ

bx.S%iska
1796 - 1815 q nv m%foaY w;am;a lr .ekSu.
uqyÿ

bx.S%iSka
1815 - 1948 uq¿ ,xldju hg;a úcs;hla njg
m;alr .ekSu. ,
 mD;=.Siska fmrÈ.g meñKSu jiafldo .dud
 jiafldo .dud - bkaÈhdfõ le,slÜ
j,g meñKSu.

 wruqKq -
 fj<odug .
 frdaudkq lf;da,sl wd.ñ
jHdma; lsÍug.
 n,h jHdma; lsÍug.

—l%sia;shdkSka iy l=¿nvq
fidhd wms fuys meñKsfhuq˜
 mD;=.Siska YS% ,xldjg meñKSu m%ekaii
s f
a ldao w,afïod yd f,dfrkafidao
w,afïod
 mD;=.d,fha fmrÈ. mD;=.Sis
m%;srdchd m%ekaisiafldao w,afïodf.a
mq;= f,dfrkafidao w,afïod j¾I
1505 § fld<U fldgqjg f.dv
neiafia h'
 wruqKq
 l=¿ nvq we;=¿ fj<o NdKav /f.k
hdu.
 frdaudkq lf;da,sl wd.u jHdma; lsÍu
 foaYmd,k jdis ,nd .ekSu.
mD;=.Sis ksfhdacs;hka rcq yïùug
hdfï§ jg jx.= iys; mdrlska /f.k
hdu ksid
—mrx.shd fldaÜfÜ .shd jf.a ˜
hk lshuk we;s úh
 mD;=.SiSka meñfKk úg
,xldfõ foaYmd,k ;;ajh

mej;s rdcOdks yd rcjre

 fldaÜfÜ - viii jk ùr mrdl%undyq rcq

 Wvrg - fiakd iïu; úl%undyq rcq
 hdmkh - mrrdcfialrï rcq
 mD;=.Siska fldaÜfÜ rdcH iu.
iïnkaO ùu

miqìu
 fldaÜfÜ isxydikh ioyd jQ wr.,h
 úchnd fld,a,h ksid rdcH fldgia 3 lg
fn§u
 rfÜ ^wNHka;r& md,khska w;r wiu.sh
 y;ajk nqjfklndyq rcq mD;=.Siskf
a .a iyh
me;Su
úchnd fld,a,h
 úchnd fld,a,h hkq wgjk ùr
mrdl%undyq rcqf.ka miq n,hg
m;ajQ yh jk úchndyq rcq ;u
mq;=ka ;sfokdg rclu fkd§ wfkla
ìijlf.a mqf;l= jk foajrdcg
rclu mejÍug .;a W;aiyfha§
l=udrjre ;sfokd rdcH
meyer.ekSug hdfï§ i,udka
keue;af;l= rcq urK ,§.
 bkamiq rdcH fldgia 3 lg fnod
orejkA ;sfokd úiska rdcH md,kh
Ndr .;af;ah.
úchnd fld,a,fhka fldaÜfÜ rdcH fldgia 3 lg fn§u

 fldaÜfÜ - y;ajk nqjfklndyq

 iS;djl - udhdÿkafk
 rhs.u - rhs.ïnKavdr
“ YS% ,xldfõ uqyqÿnv m<d;aj, mD;=.Sis
n, jHdma;sh

”
mD;=.Siskag n,h ,nd .ekSug miqìu ieliSu

 y;ajk nqjfklndyq rcq mD;=.Sik

s f
a .k iyh me;Su
 Tyqf.a uqKqmqrd ó,. rcq njg m;alr wdrlaId lrk f,i mD;=.Sik
s f
a .ka b,a,Sï lsÍu
 O¾umd, l=uref.a ms<srejla hjd mD;=.d,fha§ tys rcq w;ska TgqKq me<oùu
 uqi,
a sïjre i;=j ;snQ fj<odu mD;=.Ska i;= lr .ekSug rcq fmd<Ujd .ekSu
 fldaÜfÜ wdrlaIlhska f,i isg n,h me;srùu
 mD;=.Sis yuqod finf,la w;ska fjä myrlg ,laù úchndyq rcq ñh hEfuka miqj O¾umd,
l=ure rElv md,lfhl= f,i ;nd md,kh .ekSu
 O¾umd, l=uref.a fouõmshka
a
 uj - iuqø foaúh.
 mshd - ùÈfh nKavdr.
 mD;=.Siska O¾umd, l=ure n,hg m;afldg rc ud,s.h yd
rdcH fld,a,lkq ÿgq ùÈfh nKavdr mD;=.Siskg
a tfrysùu
ksid mD;=.Sis ysrlrefjla njg m;a úh.
 iuqø foaúh ;u iajdñhd fírd .ekSug Wu.la ydrd f.dia
iajdñhd fírdf.k me<Eo m%foaYhg m<d .sfhah.
 mD;=.Siskayd iS;djl udhdÿkafka hk fomsßi m%ydrj,g
ùÈh nkavdr ,laúh.
 miqj Wvrgg mekf.dia kej; hdmkhg .sh Tyq igkl§
urKhg m;aúh.
iS;djl rdcOdksh
wdrïNl rcq - udhdÿkafka.
Tyqf.ka miqj rc jQfha álsß l=udrhd h.
j¾I 1581 § m<uqjk rdcisxy kï rcq f,i h.
 mD;=.Siskag tfrys igka uq,af,aßhd igk
 1557 fldaÜfÜ rdcHhg tfrys
m%ydrhla t,a, lsÍu.
 fldaÜfÜ yd fld<U k.rhg tljr
m%ydr t,a, lsÍu.
 mD;=.SiSkg
a tfrys uq,af,aßhd
igfk§ mD;=.Sis wka; mrdchg m;a
lsÍu .^mD;=.Sis 1600 lA muK ñh
.sfha h&
 1582 jk úg Wvrg fldaÜfÜ rhs.u
iS;djlg w;am;a úh.
 fld<U fldgqfjka mD;=.Siska m,jd
yeÍug W;aiy l<;a fkdyels jQfha
kdúl Yla;sh fkdue;s ùu ksidh.
lfÜ lsrs iqjo hkakg…………….
 hdmkh rdcOdksh
 hdmk rdcOdksh ìysjkafka rc rg
rdcOdks ìo jeàu;a iu.hs .
 wdrïN md,lhd úch l=,xff. wd¾hh
pl%j¾;S .
 6 jk mrdl%undyq rcq imqu,a l=udrhd hjd
hdmkh fldaÜfÜ wdcHhg tl;= l<;a
imqu,a l=ure fldaÜfÜ yh jk
N=jfklndyq kñka rc jQ miq hdmk rdcH
kej; fjku md,kh úh.
 mD;=.SiSka ,xldjg meñfKk úg hdmkfha
md,lhd jQfha mrrdcfialrï rcq h‘.
ixls,s rcq mD;=.Siskag tfrys ùu
 1519 § ixls,s rcq hdmkfha md,kh w,a,d .;af;a
h'
 mD;=.Sis fj<o keõ j,g ndOd t,a, lsÍu
 lf;da,sl wd.u me;srùug ndOd lsÍu;aa ksid
 hdmkh wdl%ukh lsÍug mD;=.Sis fm<UqKd
y.
 ixls,s rcq , udhdÿkafka rcq iu.;a ùÈfh
nKavdr iu.;a tl;=jQ kuq;a 1561 mD;=.Siska
kej; hdmkh w,a,d .;af;ah.
 ukakdru mD;=.Siska i;= ùu ksid uq;= lsñ§fï
wdodhuo Tjqkg
a wysñ úh.
hdmkfha n,h mD;=.Siska i;= ùu

 1560§ mqúrdcmdKavrï ixls,s n,fhka

my fldg rdcH w,a,d .kakd ,§.
 1591
§ mD;=.Sis hdmkh wdl%uKh fldg
f.k tÈßudkakisxyï rc lrjQ Qy.
 j¾I 1619 § ms,sma o T,sfõrd hgf;a
n,h w,a,df.k 1621 jk úg mD;=.Sis
iïmQ¾K hdmkh w,a,d .kakd ,§.
Wvrg rdcOdksh
 Wvrg rdcHhg mD;=.Sis wjOdkh fhduqùu
 iS;djl rdcisxy rcq Wvrg wdl%uKh l< úg lr,sheoafo nKavdr ;u
mjqf,a wh iu. mD;=.Sis hgf;a wdrlaIdj m;d hdu mD;=.Siskg
a Wvrgg
fhduqùug msgqjy,la úh.
 rdcH Wreulaldrhsla iu. Wvrg w,a,d .ekSuh huisxy nKavdr Wvrg rc
lrùu.
 úu,O¾u iQßh rcq mrdch lr rdcH ,nd .ekSuh l=iqudik foaúh iu.
fiakdj tùu.
 oka;=f¾ igk
n,k igk
rkafoKsj, igk
.kafkdare igk fufyhjñka Wvrg w;am;a lr .ekSug W;aiy lsÍu
mD;=.Siskag Wvrg w;am;a lr
.ekSug fkdyels ùu
 Wvrg ck;dj rcqg iyh §u.
 mD;=.Siska iu. .sh my;rg yuqodj
Wv/áhkag tl;= ùu.
 Wv/áhkaf.a igka Wml%u yd rcqf.a
Wmdh .
 Wvrg msysàfï iajNdjh ksid Wvrg
w;am;a lr .ekSug mD;=.Siskg
a
fkdyels úh.
 oka;=f¾ igk
 uqyK
q ÿka rcq - m<uqjk úu,O¾uiQßh rcq.
 mD;=.i
S s fikam;s - fmfrda f,dafmaia o iQid.
 j¾Ih - j¾I 1594 Tlaf;dïn¾.
 igk l%shd;aul jQfha - oka;=f¾ fjf,a §.
 rdcHfha Wreulaldßh jk l=iqudik foaúh rc
lrùfuk rdcH ,nd.ekSu Wmdh úh.
m%;sM,h - mD;=.Siska wka; mrdchg m;aùu.
l=iqudik foaúh isrldßhla f,i f.k
f.dia úu,O¾u iQßh rcq újdy lr .ekSu.
fmfrda f,dafmaia o iQid urKhg
m;aúh.
 n,k igk

 uqyqKÿka rcq m<uqjk - úu,O¾uiQßh rcq.

 mD;=.Sis fikam;shd - fodka fcdfrksfuda o
wifõÿ
 ia:dkh - n,k lfmd,a,.
 j¾Ih - 1602 .
 m%;sM,h mD;=.Siska wka; mrdchg m;aùu.
 foam, yd bvï úkdYhg m;aùu .
 rkafoKsj, igk

uqyqKÿka rcq - fikr;a rcq yd uyd wia:dk l=ure

mD;=.Sis fikam;shd - fldkaia;ka;Skq o id.
ia:dkh - nÿ,a, rkafoKsfj, m%foaYfha §.
j¾Ih 1630 cQ,s udifha.
m%;sM,hWv/áhkaf.a Wmdh fl!I,H yuqfõ mD;=.Siska
wka; mrdchg m;a úh fldkaia;ka;Skq o id urKhg
m;aúh.
 .kafkdare igk

 uqyqKÿka rcq fojk rdcisxy^ uyd wia:dk l=ure&.

 mD;=.Sis fiïm;shd - Èfhdaf.da o fïf,da.
 ia:dkh - .kafkdarej m%foaYfha §.
 j¾Ih 1638 ud¾;= udifha.
 m%;sM,h Wv/áhkaf.a Wmdh fl!I,H yuqfõ mD;=.Siska wka; mrdchg
m;a úh Èfhdaf.da o fïf,da urKhg m;aúh mD;=.Siska b;=rejQfha
ishhg;a wvq m%udKhls.
 Y%S ,xldj yd ,kafoaiSka

 j¾I 1602 cdjd ¥mf;a n;dúfha ,kafoais

fmrÈ. fj<o iud.u msyg s j
q d we;.

 j¾I 1602 ,kafoais ¥;hd fcdßia jEka

iams,an¾cka m<uqjk úu,O¾uiQßh rcq
yuqùu.

 j¾I 1638 fojk rdcisxy rcq yd lms;dka

fjiag¾fjda,â wdKavl
q drhd iu. mD;=.Siska
fkrmd ±óug .súiqu w;aika lsrSu.
mD;=.Sis m,jd yeÍug ,kafoaiskaf.a
iyh ,nd .ekSu.

—bÕ=re § ñßia .;a;d jf.a˜.

1638 fjiag¾fjda,aâ .súiqfï j.ka;s

 mD;=.Siska m,jd yeÍug Wvrg rcqg iyh §ug .

 ,kafoaiskg
a jeh jk uqo,a fj<o øjH u.ska f.ùug rcq tl. ùu .
 we;=ka yer Wvrg fj<o øjH ,nd .ekSfï taldêldrh ,kafoaiskg
a
,nd §u.
 ,kafoais
w,a,d .kakd m%foaY n,fldgq j, Wvrg rcq woyia lrkafka
kï muKla ,kafoais k;r lsÍu.
,kafoaiska Wvrg iu. iyfhda.fhka lghq;= lsÍu

 ,kafoaiskf
a .a Woõ ,ndf.k mD;=.Sis
m,jd yeÍu.
 fojk rdcisxy rcq iu.
iyfhda.fhka lghq;= lsÍu.
rdcisxy rcq —ug fiajh lrk ys;j;a
,kafoais cd;sh˜
—Tn jykafiaf.a iqjp lSlre fiajl˜
 Wvrg rcqg ;E.sfnda. ,nd §u.
 Wmiïmodj f.k taug keõ ,nd §u.
Wod - úu,O¾u iQßh rcqg ,úch rdcisxy
rcqg, lS¾;s YS% rdcisxy rcqg
wd¾Ól jdis ,nd .ekSug ,kafoais lghq;=
lsÍu

 fjk;aúfoaYsh cd;Ska Wvrg rcq iu.

iïnkaO ùu je,elaùu.
 rcqiu. u; .egqï we;s jQ úg Wv rg
yd my; rg lvj;a jid ±óu.
 úfoaYj,ska iy,a f.kaùu k;r fldg ù
j.dj wdrïN lsÍu.
 l=reÿ j.dj il%h
S lsÍu.
 Wla , fldams , lmq j.dj wdrïN lsÍu.
Wvrg rdcH yd ,kafoais w;r .egqï

 j¾I 1670 - 1675 ld,j, fojk rdcisxy rcq ,kafoaYskg

a úreoaOj m%ydr
ud,djla Èh;a lsÍu.
 j¾I 1760 § ó.uqj ud;r fldgqj m%foaY j, ,kafoaYis úfrdaë le/,a,g lS¾;s
Y%S rdcisxy rcq iyh ,nd §u.
 j¾I 1764 nerka jEka tla fiakdxl 6 la iu. Wvrg wdl%uKh lsÍu. Wvrg
m%ydr yuqfõ miq neiSu.
 1765 kej; Wvrg wdl%uKh lsÍu wNsfhda. yuqfõ miq neiSu
 j¾I1766 .súiqu w;aika lsÍu.
 fuu .súiqu ksid fjr<nv ;Srh ,kafoaiskg
a whs;s úh.
inr.uqj m<d;a wOHdmk fomd¾;fïka;=j - iudc úoHd wxYh

10 fY%aKsh b;sydih
10 ' YS% ,xldj yd ngysr f,dalh - tall we.hSu

jhs'wd¾'trx.d .hdkS rEmisxy ^YS% ',x'.='fiajh&

lE$foys$bx.sßhdj;a; uyd úoHd,h - foysTsúg wOHdmk l,dmh
my; ioyka m%Yak ish,a,gu ms<;
s =re imhkak '

01'w;S;fha isg hqf

q rdamh yd wdishdj w;r fj<o iïnkaO;d meje;ajQ m%Odk ud¾. 3 la kï lrkak
02'foaY.fõIKh ÈhqKqùfï m%;sM,hla f,i" fmrÈ.g meñKs hqfrdamd cd;Ska ioyka lrkak
03'mD;=.d,fha wdrïN jq kdúl úoHd,h l=ula o@
04'jiafldo .dud le,slÜ jrdhg meñKSfuka miq l< m%ldYh l=ula o@
05'mD;=.d,fha md,lhd úiska fmrÈ. m%;srdchd jYfhka m;a lr isá mqoa.,hdf.a ku ioyka
lrkak
06'mD;=.Sis cd;slhkag ,xldjg meñKsu jeo.;a jQfha l=ula ksido@
07'yhjk úchndyq rcq urKhg m;a l< mqoa.,hd ljqrekao@
08'mD;=.Sis YS% ,xldjg meñfKk úg fldaÜfÜ rdcHfha md,lhdj isá rcq ioyka lrkak
09'm<uqjk rdcisxy kñka rcjQfha ljqreka o@
10'mD;=.Sis fmrÈ. fj<o iud.u yeÈkajQ ku ioyka lrkak'
11'oka;=f¾ igfka wjidk m%;sM, 2 la ioyka lrkak
12'1638 mD;=.Siska m<jd yeÍu ioyd .súiqu w;aika l< YS% ,dxlsl rcq yd ,kafoais
cd;slhd kï lrkak'
13'Wvrg rcq yd ,kafoaiska w;r fydo ys; m¿ÿ jQfha wehs@'
14'Wmßu jdis ,nd .ekSu ioyd ,kafoais wkq.ukh l< m%;sm;a;s fudkjdo@'
15',kafoaiska idu .súiqula 1766 § w;aika lf<a lskï rcq iu.o@
16'úfoia j,ska Wmiïmod NslaIQka jykafia,d f.kaùug ,kafoaiskf
a .ka kdúl
iyh ,nd.;a rcjre kï lrkak
my; ioyka m%Yak j,g j.=j ;=< ms<s;=re imhkak

igfka ku j¾Ih uqyqK ÿka Wvrg igk igk igfka

rcq fufyhjQ l%Shd;aul jQ m%;sM,
mD;=.Sis m%foaYh
fikam;s

17 oka;=f¾

18 n,k

19 rkafoKsj,

20 .kafkdrej
fojk fldgi

01'1'my; ioyka ia:dk f,dal is;shul ,l=Kq lrkak

mD;=.d,h"uyd ì%;dkH"m%xYh "r;= uqyqo"m¾ishka fndlal" uOH OrKS uqyqo"
fldkai;
a ka;sfkdam,h "n;dúh"le,slÜ"´,kaoh'
2'my; ia:dk ,xld is;shul ,l=Kq lrkak'
fldaÜfÜ"le<Ks.Õ"uykqjr".d,a,";%Sl=Kdu,h"hdmkh"ukakdru"iS;djl"rkafoKsj,"n,k
3. 1'fuu msk;
a +rh l=u;ao@
2'fuu msk;
a +rfha isákafka l=uk
úfoaYsl lKavdhulao@.
a .a uõ rg ioyka lrkak.
3'Tjqkf
4'lskï rdcOdks hq.hlg wh;ao@
02'1'YS% ,xldjg meñKs hqfrdamd cd;sl lKavdhï 3 kï lrkak
2'bkaÈhdfõ le,slÜ j,g yd ,xldjg uq,skau meñKs mD;=.Sis lKavdhfï
kdhlhska kï lrkak'
3'mD;=.Siska meñfKk úg ,xldfõ rdcOdks ioyka lr bka folla
úia;r lrkak
4'j¾I 1505 isg 1658 olajd mD;=.Siska Y%S,xldfõ uqyqÿnv m%foaY md,kh
l< kuq;a Wvrg rdcH w;am;a lr .ekSug Tjqkag fkdyels úh '
fya;= folla weiqßka úi;r lrkak
03' 1',kafoais fmrÈ. fj<o uOHia:dkh kï lrkak
2'Wvrg rcq yuqùug meñKs ,xfoais ¥;hska fofofkl= kï lr "Tjqka yuq
jQ Wv rg rcjre ioyka lrkak '
3',kafoaiSka j¾I 1638 yd j¾I 1766 w;aika l< .súiqï foflka
,kafoaiska jdis ,nd .ekSug l%shdl< wdldrh fláfhka úiq;r lrkak
4',kafoaiSka Wvrg rdcH iuÕ iïnkaO;d mj;ajñka jdis ,nd .ekSug
W;aiy l< wdldrh lreKq folla weiqßka meyeÈ,s lrkak