kz; gz;gLj;jy; cgfuzq;fs;

kdpjtYtpdhy; nraw;gLj;jg;gLk; Kjw;gz;gLj;jy; cgfuzq;fs;

kz; ntl;b

 cUf;F myifAk; kuj;jpyhd gpbiaAk; nfhz;lJ

 kz;izf; nfhj;jpg; Gul;Ljy; nrJf;Fjy; Nghd;w
NtiyfSf;Fg; gad;gLj;jg;gLfpd;wJ
 Nkl;Lepyg;gz;gLj;jy; Nrw;W epyg;gz;gLj;jy;
Mfpatw;Wf;Fg; gad;gLk; kz; ntl;bfs;
NtWgl;litahFk;
mythq;F

 ,J ghj;jp jahupf;fTk; Fopfspd; gf;fq;fisr; nrg;gk; nra;aTk; gad;gLfpwJ

 epiyf;Fj;jhfTk; kz;iz ,sf;f KbAk;.
Ks;S tiffs;

 ,tw;iwg; gad;gLj;jp Nkl;L epyq;fspy; cs;s kz;iz ,sf;Ftjw;F

gad;gLj;jg;gLfpd;wJ
 ifKs;S tPl;Lj; Njhl;lr; nra;ifapy; ,ilg;gz;gLj;jy; cgfuzkhfg;
gad;gLj;jg;gLfpd;wJ.

tpyq;F tY Kjw; gz;gLj;jy; cgfuzq;fs;

ehl;Lf;fyg;ig (Country Plough)

 ,jd; clw;gFjp kuj;jpdhYk; ntl;Lk; myF

cNyhfj;jhYk; MdJ
 ,jid ,Oj;Jr; nry;tjw;F ePz;l kuf;Nfhy;
xd;W fhzg;gLk;
 new;nra;ifapy; gad;gLj;jg;gLfpd;wJ
 5cm Moj;jpw;F kz;iz ,sf;f KbAk;
 kz;izg; gz;gLj;Jk; <oj;ij EZf;fkhff;
fl;Lg;gLj;j KbahJ
 6 kzpj;jpahyq;fspy; 0.1-0.15 n`f;lau; epyj;ij
co KbAk;

,Nyrhd mr;Rj;jfl;Lf; fyg;ig (Animal Mould Board

Plough)

 ney;tay;fspy; gad;gLj;jg;gLfpd;wJ
 tpyq;Ffspdhy; ,Oj;Jr; nry;yg;gLk;

1 C.RAMESHAN Bsc.In.Agriculture Sp in Agric Economics

  10cm Moj;jpw;F epyj;ij co KbAk;
 cOk; NghJ Nky; tUk; ghsk; jfl;bdhy; Gul;lg;gLk;
 ,jd; %yk; fisfs; Gul;lg;gLfpd;wd
 6 kzpj;jpahyq;fs; gad;gLj;Jtjd; %yk; 0.15-0.25ha cOJ nfhs;s KbAk;

,ae;jpu tY Kjw; gz;gLj;jy; cgfuzq;fs;

 ,ae;jpu tY Kjw;gz;gLj;jy; cgfuzq;fs; ,uz;L tifahfg; gpupf;fg;gLk;

1. ,uz;L rf;fu ,ae;jpu Kjw;gz;gLj;jy; cgfuzq;fs;
2. ehd;F rf;fu ,ae;jpu Kjw;gz;gLj;jy; cgfuzq;fs;
,uz;L rf;fu ,ae;jpu Kjw;gz;gLj;jy; cgfuzq;fs;

1. [g;ghdpa jpirkhWk; ,wF fyg;ig ( Two Wheel Mould Board Plough)

o ,J cOk; NghJ fyg;igapd; myF
khw;wf;$bajha; ,Ug;gJ xU rpwg;gpay;ghFk;
o ,jdhy; ,J ,wF fyg;ig vd
miof;fg;gLfpd;wJ
o ,U rf;fu coT ,ae;jpuj;jpd; %yk; kl;Lk;
nraw;gLj;jg;gLk;
o ehl;Lf;fyg;ig kw;Wk; ,Nyrhd
mr;Rj;jfl;Lf;fyg;igfis tpl Mokhf
kz;iz gz;gLj;Jk; cgfuzkhFk;
o Nrw;Wepyk; Nkl;Lepyk; Mfpa ,uz;bYk;
,jidg; gad;gLj;jpf; nfhs;s KbAk;
o vdpDk; fw;fs; nfhz;l epyj;jpy; ,jidg;
gad;gLj;JtJ rpukkhFk;
o gapu; tiff;F Vw;w tifapy; ,jd; Moj;ijf;
fl;Lg;gLj;jpf; nfhs;s KbAk;
o ,jd; cOfpd;w Moj;ij 15cm tiu
khw;wpaikf;f KbAk;
o fyg;ig ,Oj;Jr; nry;Yk; NghJ kz; fpopf;fg;gl;L mjpYs;s mydpdhy;
Gul;lg;gLfpwJ
o ,jd; ,wF ,Uk;Gf; fPyq;fspdhy; Mf;fg;gl;bUg;gjhy; kz; ,t; ,wfpy; xl;bf;
nfhs;shJ fhzg;gLfpd;wJ.
o ,jd; %yk; ehs; xd;wpw;F 0.25-0.5ha epyj;ij cOJ nfhs;s KbAk;.

ehd;F rf;fu ,ae;jpu Kjw;gz;gLj;jy; cgfuzq;fs;

1. ,wF fyg;ig (Mould Board Plough)

o Kd; Kid $u;ikahd ,uz;L njhlf;fk; %d;W ,wFfs; fhzg;gLk;
o ,t;tpwFfs; fyg;igapd; clw;gFjpAld; ,izj;Jf; nfhs;s KbAk;
o rhy; rpy;Y %yk; cOfpd;w Mok; fl;Lg;gLj;jg;gLk;

2 C.RAMESHAN Bsc.In.Agriculture Sp in Agric Economics

 o ,wFfspy; xl;bf; nfhs;Sk; kz;iz
mfw;Wtjw;F kz; fuz;bfs;
fhzg;gLfpd;wd
o ehs; xd;wpw;F 1.6-2.0ha epyg;gug;ig ,jd;
%yk; cOJ nfhs;s KbAk;
o kl;ghsq;fs; rpwg;ghf ntl;bg; Gul;lg;gLk.;

2. tl;lj;jl;Lf; fyg;ig ( Disc plough)

o ,t;tiff;fyg;igfis Gjpjhfj; Jg;guT
nra;ag;gl;l fw;fs; nfhz;l epyj;jpy;
gad;gLj;jpf; nfhs;s KbAk;
o ,t;tiff; fyg;igfspy;
,wFfspw;Fg; gjpyhf Royf;$ba
tl;lj;jl;Lf;fs; fhzg;gLk;
o ,it Fopthd tl;lj;jl;Lf;fshFk;
o ,tw;wpd; %yk; kl;ghsq;fs;
Nky;Nehf;fp nfhz;L tug;gLk;
o ,t;Tgfuzj;ij cau;j;Jjy; Kd;Nd
nfhz;L nry;Yjy; Nghd;w
nraw;ghl;bw;F jpuhf;lupd; ePupay;j;
njhFjp gad;gLj;jg;gLfpd;wJ
o ,Wf;fkhd epyq;fspw;Fk; ,wF fyg;igiw gad;gLj;j Kbahj
epyq;fspw;Fk; ,J cfe;jjhFk;
o ehs; xd;wpw;F Vwj;jho 0.5-0.75ha epyj;ij cOJ nfhs;s KbAk;
o tl;lj;jl;Lf;fspy; kz; xl;bf; nfhs;tijj; jLg;gjw;F kz; fuz;bfs;
fhzg;gLk;
Jizg;gz;gLj;jy; cgfuzq;fs;
kdpj tY Jizg;gz;gLj;jy; cgfuzq;fs;

Fg;ig thup (Rake)

o Kjw; gz;gLj;jiy Nkw;nfhz;ljd; gpd;du; epyj;jpy;

cs;s Fg;igfis mfw;Wtjw;Fk; fw;fis
mfw;Wtjw;Fk; gad;gLj;jg;gLfpd;wJ
o kz;fl;bfisj; Ju;itahf;Fjy; kz;iz
kl;lg;gLj;jy; Mfpa nraw;ghLfSf;Fk; ,J gad;gLj;jg;gLfpd;wJ.
kl;lg;gLj;jp my;yJ kl;lg;gyif

o nghJthf Nrw;W epyq;fspy; gad;gLj;jg;gLfpd;wJ

o ,jidg; gad;gLj;jp taypYs;s fisfs; kw;Wk;
tbfhy;fisr; rPu; nra;a KbAk;

3 C.RAMESHAN Bsc.In.Agriculture Sp in Agric Economics

tpyq;F tY Jizg;gz;gLj;jy; cgfuzq;fs;
kl;lg;gLj;jp

o ,uz;L tpyq;Ffs; g+l;lg;gl;L ,Oj;Jr; nry;yg;gLk;

cgfuzkhFk;
o fOj;Jg;gFjpapy; Efk; vdg;gLfpd;w mikg;gpd; %yk;
,izf;fg;gl;bUf;Fk;
o kuf;Nfhypy; nghUj;jg;gl;l gyifapd; %yk; kz;
fl;bfs; Ju;itahf;fg;gLfpd;wd
o 4 kzp Neuj;jpy; 0.4ha epyj;ij kl;lg;gLj;j KbAk;.

gu;kpa kl;lg;gyif

o ,JTk; Nrw;W epyj;jpy; gad;gLj;jg;gLk;

o 120-135cm ePsKk; 45cm tpl;lKk; nfhz;l
mikg;ghFk;
o 12cm Mok; tiu ,jdhy; kl;lg;gLj;jpf; nfhs;s
Kbak;
o kz; fl;bfisj; Juitahf;fTk; kl;lg;gLj;jTk;
,jdhy; KbAk;
,ae;jpu tY Jizg;gz;gLj;jy; cgfuzq;fs;

o ,J gpujhdkhf ,uz;L tifg;gLk;

1. ehd;F rf;fu coT ,ae;jpuj;jpy;
,izf;fg;gLk; Jizg;gz;gLj;jy;
cgfuzq;fs;
2. ,uz;L rf;fu coT ,ae;jpu
Jizg;gz;gLj;jy; cgfuzq;fs;
ehd;F rf;fu coT ,ae;jpu Jizg;gz;gLj;jy;
cgfuzq;fs;
Roy; fyg;ig

o Kjw;gz;gLj;jiy Nkw;nfhz;ljd; gpd;du;

Nkw;gug;gpy; fhzg;gLk; ngupa kz;fl;bfs; Mfpatw;iwj;
Ju;itahf;Ftjw;F ,J gad;gLj;jg;gLfpd;wJ
o ,f;fyg;ig ,uz;L rf;fu coT ,ae;jpuj;jpy;
,izf;fg;gLgit ehd;F rf;fu coT ,ae;jpuj;jpy;
,izf;fg;gLgit vd tifg;gLj;jg;gLk;
o ,J Nrwbg;gpw;F mjpfstpy; gad;gLj;jg;gLfpd;wJ
o epyr;rf;fuj;ij cau;j;jpNah jho;j;jpNah cOfpd;w
Moj;ij $l;bf; Fiwf;f KbAk;

4 C.RAMESHAN Bsc.In.Agriculture Sp in Agric Economics

tl;lj;jl;L `Nuh

o ,jpy; mr;rpy; gy jl;Lf;fs; fhzg;gLk;

o xU njhFjpapy; VO tl;lj;jl;Lf;fs;
my;yJ mjdpYk; $bathW
fhzg;glyhk;
o jl;Lf;fspd; Kw;gFjp tpspk;G miy
tbtkhdjhff; fhzg;gLtJld; mjd;
gpw;gFjp tpspk;G xg;gkhdjhff; fhzg;gLk;
o tl;lj;jl;L fyg;igapd; %yk; Kjw;
gz;gLj;jy; Nkw;nfhz;ljd; gpd;du;
mjid xg;gkhf;fy; ghupa kz; fl;bfis
cilj;jy; Ju;itahf;Fjy; Nghd;w
nraw;ghl;bw;F `Nuh mtrpakhFk;.
o ,jpYs;s jl;Lf;fs; fyg;igapy; cs;s jl;Lf;fspd; msit tplr; rpwpaitahFk;
o jl;Lf;fs; 45-55cm cl;Fopthd jl;Lf;fshFk;
o jl;Lf;fSf;fpilapYs;s ,ilntsp 15cm MFk;
o vy;yhj; jl;Lf;fSk; mr;Rld; Nru;e;jthW xd;whfr;
RoYk;.

fPo; kz;iz ,sf;Fk; cgfuzq;fs; (Subsoiler)

o xNu Moj;jpy; cOk; NghJ Vw;gLk; fbdg;gilia

cilf;f ,J gad;gLj;jg;gLfpwJ
o ,q;F fPo; kz; Ju;itahf;fg;gLk; NghJ kz;
Gul;lg;glhJ Nky; kz;zpw;F ghjpg;G Vw;glhj
tz;zk; fbdg;gil cilf;fg;gLk;

rhypL fUtp (Ridger)

o ,J tuk;G rhy;fis mikf;fg; gad;gLk;

o rhypL fUtp Kd;Ndhf;fp mirAk; NghJ kz; kl;
ghsq;fshf ,U GwKk; ntl;bg; Gul;lg;gLk;
o ,jdhy; tuk;Gk; rhYk; cUthFk;
o Xusthd <uypg;G cs;s epyj;jpy; ,jid rpwg;ghfg;
gad;gLj;jpf; nfhs;s KbAk;
o fw;fs; mjpfk; nfhz;l jiuf;F ,J
nghUj;jkhdjy;y.

5 C.RAMESHAN Bsc.In.Agriculture Sp in Agric Economics

tpy; Kl;gw;fyg;ig (Springed Tine Tiller)

o ,J 3 tupirfspy; 6 nfhSf;fp Nghd;w

mikg;Gf;fisf; nfhz;bUf;Fk;
o cog;gl;l epyj;jpy; kz; fl;bfisj;
Ju;itahf;Fjy; gapu; mbf;fl;ilfis mfw;Wjy>
grisfisf; fyj;jy;; Nghd;w nraw;ghLfSf;F
mtrpak;.

Kl;gw;fyg;ig (Rigid Tine Tiller)

o gapu; mbf;fl;ilfis mfw;Wjy; kz;

fl;bfisj; Ju;itahf;Fjy; Nghd;w
nraw;ghLfSf;Fg; gad;gLj;jg;gLk;
o Kjw;gz;gLj;jy; cgfuzkhfTk;
Jizg;gz;gLj;jy; cgfuzkhfTk; nraw;gLk;
o ,q;F kz; Gul;lg;gLtjpy;iy vdpDk; Mokhfg;
gz;gLj;jg;gLk;

,ilg;gz;gLj;jy; cgfuzq;fs;

1. [g;ghdpa Roy; fisfl;b ( Weeder)

o 20cm tupirapy; ehl;lg;gl;l new;nra;ifapy; ,J
gad;gLj;jg;gLk;
o tpijj;J my;yJ ehw;W el;L 2-6 thuq;fspd; gpd;du;
fisfl;lYf;fhf ,J gad;gLj;jg;gLk;
o 2.5cm cauj;jpw;F ePiuj; Njf;fp itj;J
fisfl;bia Kd; gpd;dhfj; js;Stjd; %yk;
fisfisf; fl;Lg;gLj;jpf; nfhs;s KbAk;.
2. N`h cgfuzq;fs; (Hoe)
o Nkl;L epyr; nra;ifapy; fisfisf;
fl;Lg;gLj;Jtjw;fhf ,J gad;gLj;jg;gLfpd;wJ
o ,J rpW rhy;fis mikg;gjw;fhfTk;
gad;gLj;jg;gLk;
o ,J ifahy; ,af;fg;gLk; cgfuzkhFk;

6 C.RAMESHAN Bsc.In.Agriculture Sp in Agric Economics