REVIEWER FOR SRSTHS THIRD

QUARTERLY EXAMS: ARALING

PANLIPUNAN: ECONOMICS
Subject: Araling Panlipunan: Economics

Topics in the Third Quarter:

A. Mga Modelo ng Ekonomiya
B. Gross National Income (GNI) / Pambansang Kita
1. Approach / Pagsukat sa GNI o GDP
2. Gross Domestic Product (GDP)
C. Implasyon
1. Consumer Price Index (CPI)
2. Antas / Rate of Inflation
3. Purchasing Power
D. Mga Katangian ng Pera ng Pilipinas

Mga Modelo ng Ekonomiya / Circular Flow Diagram

● Circular Flow Diagram - paikot na ○ SSS (Social Security

daloy ng ekonomiya System)
○ GSIS (Government Service
Limang Modelo Insurance System)
○ Pag-iimpok /
Unang Modelo (Simpleng Modelo) pamumuhunan
● Sambahayan at bahay-kalakal ay ○ Pwede kumuha o
iisa mag-impok/magdeposito ng
Ikalawang Modelo (Malayang Ekonomiya) salapi ang bahay-kalakal
● Pinaghiwalay na ang sambahayan ○ Loans
at bahay-kalakal Ikaapat na Modelo
● Sambahayan ang ● Pamahalaan
pinakamahalagang sektor ○ Taga-pamagitan sa
Ikatlong Modelo bahay-kalakal at
● Pamilihang pinansyal sambahayan
○ Financial institution Ikalimang Modelo
○ Bangko ● Panlabas na Sektor (import at
○ Pawnshop export)
○ Stock and Exchange ● Taripa - buwis na binabayad sa
Commission (SEC) paglabas at pagpasok ng mga
○ Pag-IBIG Fund produkto

Pambansang Kita / GDP at GNI

● Pambansang Kita

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 ○ Pangkalahatang kalagayan
ng pananalapi/kita ng isang
bansa na sinusukat o
nasusuri sa pamamagitan
ng economic performance
na ginagamitan ng mga
economic indicators, mga
kaparaanan na maglalahad
sa anumang narating na
pagsulong o pag-unlad ng
isang ekonomiya
● Mga Approach:
○ Batay sa Paggasta /
Expenditure Approach
○ Batay sa Pinagmulang
Industriya / Industrial Origin
Approach
○ Batay sa Kita / Income
Approach
Underground / shadow economy - Mga
hindi nagbabayad ng buwis (ex. Street
food stalls)
● Batay sa Paggasta / Expenditure
Approach
○ Net Factor Income from
Abroad (NFIFA)
○ Statistical Discrepancy
(SD)
○ Gastusin ng Pamahalaan
(G)
○ Gastusin ng mga
Namumuhunan (I)
○ Gastusing Personal (C)
○ Gastusin ng Panlabas na
Sektor (X-M)
● Batay sa Pinagmulang Industriya
● Batay sa Kita
○ Sahod ng mga
Manggagawa
○ Net Operating Supplies
○ Depresasyon / Depreciation
- pagbaba ng halaga ng
produkto
GNI = C+I+G+(X-M)+(SD (if
meron))+NFIFA
GDP = C+I+G+(X-M)
Growth Rate =
𝐺𝑁𝐼 (𝑐𝑢𝑟𝑟𝑒𝑛𝑡 𝑦𝑒𝑎𝑟) − 𝐺𝑁𝐼 (𝑝𝑎𝑠𝑡 𝑦𝑒𝑎𝑟)
𝐺𝑁𝐼 (𝑝𝑎𝑠𝑡 𝑦𝑒𝑎𝑟)
Implasyon / Pagsukat ng CPI
● Hyperinflation
○ Ang presyo ay patuloy na
tumataas bawat oras, …
3 Pangunahing Dahilan ng Implasyon
● Demand Pull
● Cost Push
○ Pagtaas ng presyo ng mga
gastusing pamproduksiyon
● Market basket
○ Ginagamit upang masukat
ang antas ng pamumuhay
ng mga konsyumer
● Consumer Price Index (CPI)
○ Sinusukat ang pagbabago
sa presyo ng mga produkto
at serbisyong ginagamit ng
mga konsyumer
○ Batayan sa pagkompyut ng
CPI ang presyo at dami ng
produktong kadalasang
kinokonsumo ng bawat
pamilya na nasa loob ng
tinatawag na basket market
CPI =
𝑇𝑜𝑡𝑎𝑙 𝑊𝑒𝑖𝑔ℎ𝑡𝑒𝑑 𝑃𝑟𝑖𝑐𝑒 (𝑘𝑎𝑠𝑎𝑙𝑢𝑘𝑢𝑦𝑎𝑛𝑔 𝑡𝑎𝑜𝑛)
𝑇𝑜𝑡𝑎𝑙 𝑊𝑒𝑖𝑔ℎ𝑡𝑒𝑑 𝑃𝑟𝑖𝑐𝑒 (𝑏𝑎𝑠𝑒ℎ𝑎𝑛𝑔 𝑡𝑎𝑜𝑛)
Antas ng Implasyon / Inflation Rate =
𝐶𝑃𝐼 (𝑐𝑢𝑟𝑟𝑒𝑛𝑡 𝑦𝑒𝑎𝑟) − 𝐶𝑃𝐼 (𝑝𝑎𝑠𝑡 𝑦𝑒𝑎𝑟)
𝐶𝑃𝐼 (𝑝𝑎𝑠𝑡 𝑦𝑒𝑎𝑟)
* 100
Kung walang nagdaang taon:
𝐺𝑁𝐼 (𝑐𝑢𝑟𝑟𝑒𝑛𝑡 𝑦𝑒𝑎𝑟) − 100
100
* 100
Purchasing Power
PP =
𝐶𝑃𝐼 (𝑏𝑎𝑡𝑎𝑦𝑎𝑛𝑔 𝑡𝑎𝑜𝑛)
𝐶𝑃𝐼 (𝑘𝑎𝑠𝑎𝑙𝑢𝑘𝑢𝑦𝑎𝑛𝑔 𝑡𝑎𝑜𝑛)
* 100
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 Mga Katangian ng Pera ng Pilipinas

● Philippine banknotes are ○ 500

composed of: ○ 1000
○ 25% linen ● Colors
○ 75% cotton ○ 20 - kahel / orange
○ Abaca ○ 50 - pula / red
● Denominations: ○ 100 - lila / violet / purple
○ 20 ○ 200 - berde / green
○ 50 ○ 500 - dilaw / yellow
○ 100 ○ 1000 - asul / bughaw / blue
○ 200

Security Features

Security Feature Image

1. Watermark
Silhouette of the portrait appearing on the
face of the note

2. Security Fibers
Embedded red and blue visible fibers
are scattered at random on both
surfaces of a genuine note

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3. Embedded Security Thread
Special thread vertically implanted off
center of the note during paper
manufacture

4. Windowed Security Thread

Narrow security thread vertically
located like stitches at the face of the
note with cleartext of the numerical
value in repeated sequence (for 100+
denominations)

5. Serial number
Composed of 1 or 2 prefix letters and
6 or 7 digits

6. Background and Lacework Design

Background designs - made up of
multicolored & well-defined lines
Lacework designs - composed of
web-crisscrossing lines which are
continuous and traceable even at the
intersection

7. Vignette
Composed of fine lines and dashes,
distinct and sharp
Varying color tone gives a vivid look to
the picture that makes it “stand out” of
the paper

8. Concealed value
Located at the lower left corner of the
face of the note and is recognizable
when note is held at eye level

9. Optically variable ink

Exclusive to the 1000-peso note, it
changes color from green to blue and
vice versa when the note is held at
different angles

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10. Optically variable device
Reflective foil that bears the image of:
Blue-naped Parrot - 500-peso
South Sea Pearl - 1000-peso

11. See-through mark

Baybayin characters split in half in the
lower right corner of the note, which
means PILIPINO

12. Embossed prints

The words “REPUBLIKA NG
PILIPINAS” are made of embossed
prints

Mga Characteristics ng Pera

1. Homogenous / Homogenity - hitsura ay magkakapareho per denomination
2. Divisible / Divisibility - pwede ipapalit
3. Durable / Durability
4. Malleable / Malleability
5. Transferable / Transferability - from transaction to transaction
6. Portable / Portability - handy / hand-carriage
7. Elasticity of Supply - pwede makontrol ng BSP o Bangko Sentral ng Pilipinas ang
banknote supply

Functions of Money
1. Medium of exchange
2. Store of value
3. Guarantee of value
4. Elasticity of Supply

Reviewer by Jeryll Cabarteja