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Mathematics
Quarter 3 – Module 5:
Proves Two Triangles are
Congruent
Mathematics – Grade 8
Quarter 3 – Module 5: Proves Two Triangles are Congruent
First Edition,2020
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Let Us Learn
This module was designed and written with you in mind. It is here to help
you master the nature of Geometry. The scope of this module permits it to be used
in many different learning situations. The language used recognizes the diverse
vocabulary level of students. The lessons are arranged to follow the standard
sequence of the course. But the order in which you read them can be changed to
correspond with the textbook you are now using.
1
Let Us Try
O
Example:
U
E O
L V
C T K
t E
Figuret A t Figure B
#### ####, 𝐶𝑈
𝐶𝑇 ≅ 𝐸𝑂 #### ≅ ####
𝐸𝐾, #### ####
𝑇𝑈 ≅ 𝑂𝐾 #### ####, ####
𝐿𝑂 ≅ 𝑉𝑂 ####, ∠𝐿𝐸𝑂 ≅ ∠𝑉𝐸𝑂
𝑂𝐸 ≅ 𝑂𝐸
1.
2.
3.
2
Let Us Study
Two geometric figures are congruent if they are of the same shapes and
measurement. In this chapter, we are going to discover the different conditions that
guarantee the congruence of two triangles.
Definition
Two triangles are congruent if their vertices can be paired so that corresponding
sides are congruent and corresponding angles are congruent.
Examples:
Example 1
Given:
#### ≅ 𝐷𝐸
𝐴𝐵 ####
∠𝐵 ≅ ∠𝐸
####
𝐵𝐶 ≅ ####
𝐸𝐹
Proof:
Statements Reasons
#### ≅ 𝐷𝐸
1. 𝐴𝐵 #### 1. Given
2. ∠𝐵 ≅ ∠𝐸 2. Given
#### ≅ 𝐸𝐹
3. 𝐵𝐶 #### 3. Given
4. ∆𝐴𝐵𝐶 ≅ ∆𝐷𝐸𝐹 4. SAS Postulate
3
Example 2
Given:
#### ≅ 𝐴𝐷
𝐴𝐵 ####
####
𝐵𝐶 ≅ ####
𝐷𝐶
Statements Reasons
#### ≅ 𝐴𝐷
1. 𝐴𝐵 #### 1. Given
#### ≅ 𝐷𝐶
2. 𝐵𝐶 #### 2. Given
#### ≅ 𝐴𝐶
3. 𝐴𝐶 #### 3. Reflexive Property of Congruence
C
Example 3
A D B
Proof:
Statements Reasons
####
1. 𝐴𝐶 ≅ 𝐵𝐷#### 1. Given
#### 𝑏𝑖𝑠𝑒𝑐𝑡𝑠 ∠𝐴𝐶𝐵
2. 𝐶𝐷 2. Given
3. ∠𝐴𝐶𝐵 ≅ ∠𝐵𝐶𝐷 3. Definition of angle bisector
#### ≅ 𝐶𝐷
4. 𝐶𝐷 #### 4. Reflexive property of congruence
5. ∆𝐴𝐶𝐷 ≅ ∆𝐵𝐶𝐷 5. SAS Congruence postulate
Example 4
Given:
####
𝐴𝐶 ≅ ####
𝐵𝐷
####
𝐴𝐶 ∥ ####
𝐵𝐷
Prove:
∆𝐴𝐶𝐸 ≅ ∆𝐵𝐷𝐸
4
Proof:
Statements Reasons
#### ≅ 𝐵𝐷
1. 𝐴𝐶 ####, #### ####
𝐴𝐶 ∥ 𝐵𝐷 1. Given
2. ∠𝐶 ≅ ∠𝐷 2. Parallel – Alternate Interior Angle
Postulate
3. ∠𝐴𝐸𝐶 ≅ ∠𝐵𝐸𝐷 3. Vertical Angles are congruent
4. ∆𝐴𝐶𝐸 ≅ ∆𝐵𝐷𝐸 4. SAA Congruence Theorem
Let Us Practice
Statements Reasons
1. #### #####
𝑅𝐴 ≅ 𝑅𝑀 1.
2. ∠1 ≅ ∠2 #### 𝑏𝑖𝑠𝑒𝑐𝑡𝑠∠𝐴𝑅𝑀
2. 𝑅𝑌
3. #### ≅ #####
𝑅𝑌 𝑅𝑌 3.
4. ∆𝐴𝑌𝑅 ≅ ∆𝑀𝑌𝑅 4.
2.
Given:
∠ J and ∠ H are right angles
∠ 2 ≅ ∠ 4
Prove: ∆𝑂𝐽𝑁 ≅ ∆𝑁𝐻𝑂
Proof:
Statements Reasons
1. ∠ J and ∠ H are right angles 1.
2. 2. Given
3 ∠ J and ∠ H 3.
#### ≅ #####
4. 𝑁𝑂 𝑁𝑂 4.
5. ∆𝑂𝐽𝑁 ≅ ∆𝑁𝐻𝑂 5.
5
#### such that 𝐶𝐷
3. In ∆ABC, let D be a point on 𝐴𝐵 #### ⊥ 𝐴𝐵
#### and 𝐴𝐷
#### #####
𝐵𝐷.
Proof:
STATEMENTS REASONS
#### ≅ #####
1. 𝐴𝐷 𝐵𝐷 1.
2. 2. Given
5. ∆ADC ∆BDC 5.
2. MN @ NO 2.
5. PN @ PN 5.
6. ∆ MPN ∆ONP 6.
6
2. In the accompanying figure, CE @ CB
and ÐE @ ÐB.
Prove that D DCE @ D ACB
E
D
C
A B
Statements Reasons
1. CE @ CB 1.
2.ÐE @ ÐB 2.
3. ÐDCE @ ÐACB 3.
4. D DCE @ D ACB 4.
Let Us Remember
This lesson was about proving two triangles. Apply the postulates and
theorems on triangle congruence to prove statements on congruence, including right
triangles.
Let Us Assess
Multiple Choice. Choose the letter of the best answer. Write your answer on your
answer sheet.
#### ≅ 𝑋𝑌
1. Which of the following properties justifies the statement “𝑋𝑌 #### ”?
A. reflexive B. symmetric C. transitive D. equivalence
7
Figure A Figure B Figure C Figure D
A. Figure A B. Figure B C. Figure C D. Figures C and D
7. Which postulate can be used to prove that the triangles are congruent?
8. ∆𝐴𝐵𝐶 is congruent to ∆𝐷𝐸𝐹 by ASA Postulate. What other congruence are shown
by the triangles using CPCTC?
A. ∠𝐵 ≅ ∠𝐸 B. ∠𝐵 ≅ ∠𝐸
####
𝐵𝐶 ≅ ####
𝐸𝐹 #### ≅ ####
𝐴𝐵 𝐸𝐷
∠𝐶 ≅ ∠𝐹 ∠𝐶 ≅ ∠𝐹
C. D.
####
𝐵𝐶 ≅ ####
𝐸𝐹 #### ≅ ####
𝐴𝐵 𝐷𝐸
∠𝐴 ≅ ∠𝐷 #### ≅ 𝐷𝐹
𝐴𝐶 ####
9. Tina had proven that ∆𝐹𝐽𝐻 ≅ ∆𝐻𝐺𝐹 by SSS Postulate. She said that ∠𝐻 ≅ ∠𝐹.
What lets Tina claim that the two angles are also congruent?
10. Lloyd knows that AB = XY and AC = XZ. What other information must he know
to prove ΔABC ≅ ΔXYZ by SAS postulate?
A. ∠B ≅ ∠Y B. ∠C ≅ ∠Z
C. ∠A ≅ ∠X D. not enough information
11. ΔTIN ≅ ΔCAN, then ΔNAC is congruent to ____.
A. ΔITN B. ΔNIT C. ΔTNI D. ΔINT
12. ΔABC ≅ ΔDEF, which segment is congruent to AB ?
A. BC B. AC C. DE D. EB
13.What do you mean by CPCTC?
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C. Corresponding parts of corresponding triangles are congruent
D. none of the above
Let Us Enhance
Performance task
Take a picture of object in your house or surrounding where you can see triangles.
For each picture, identify congruent triangles. Justify why these triangles are
congruent. Make a portfolio of this task.
RUBRIC
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Let Us Reflect
On the Like React, write three things that you have learned about the lesson.
On the Heart React, write two real-life situations where you can apply the concept of
triangle congruence
On the Sad React, write one question that you want to ask about the topic.
10
11
Let us Assess
1. A
2. C
3.A
4.A
5.D
6.C
7.B
8.A
9.B
10C
11.B
12.C
13.A
14.B
15.B
Let us practice more Let Us Practice
I. Let Us Try
1.) 1. Given 1. AB @DE
3. Reflexive
BC @ EF
property of
1. Given congruence ÐB @ ÐE
4. SAS congruence SAS Postulate
2. Definition of postulate
midpoint 2. AB @ DE
II. AC @ DF
3. Definition of 1. Given
perpendicular lines BC@ EF
2. Ð2 @ Ð4
3. Definition of SSS Postulate
4.ÐPNO right angle 3. ÐC @ ÐF
5. Reflexive 4. Reflexive CB @ EF
property of
property of ÐB @ÐF
congruence
congruence 5. SAA congruence ASA Postulate
theorem
6. SAS postulate
2.) III.
1. Given
1. Given 2. CD ^ AB
3. ÐBDC
2. Given 4. Reflexive
3. Vertical Angle property of
congruence
theorem
5. SAS congruence
4. ASA postulate postulate
Answer Key
References