1.

4
Biogenesis -
The Endosymbiotic Theory

.
Endosymbiotic Theory →
Eukaryotic cells have a nuclear
envelope . mitochondria ,

~ - - - o

endoplasmic reticulum by a
cytoskeleton .

*
Originated by Lynn Margulis 61967 ] → The endosymbiont theory
proposes
that mitochondria
{ plastids
Suggests that Conlon piasts related organelles ] formerly small
* an
early one cell organism ,
4 were

within larger cells

proto eukaryotes developed a symbiotic relationship prokaryotes rung host .

with a within the cell

primitive bacteria by cyanobacteria . → An endosymbiont is a cell that lives .

*
Phagocytosis d- surrounding ( In the process
property something perhaps → of becoming more
independent the host
}
-

nutrient ) within it off endosymbionts would have

a a membrane } pinching to become a
single organism
it becomes enclosed .

*
Key evidence
supporting
an
endosymbiotic origin of

→ Mitochondria are the result of endocytosis of aerobic mitochondria

by plastids :

bacteria

→
Chloroplasts are the result of endocytosis of -
Inner membranes are similar to plasma membrane

of
photosynthetic bacteria .

prokaryotes
Tn these
→
large anaerobic bacteria who would not otherwise be Division is similar organelles 4 some
-

able to exist in an aerobic environment

prokaryotes
.

→ .. . ..
. . .. . .. . .. .. . . . .. . ... . .

cells
symbiotic ] translate their own DNA .

Serial endosymbiosis supposes that mitochondria Their ribosomes more similar to prokaryotic
-

→ are

evolved before plastids through a sequence of than eukaryotic ribosomes .

endosymbiotic events .

The
Origin of Multicellularity
-
The evolution of eukaryotic cells allowed fora

greater range of unicellular forms -

A second wave d-diversification occurred when

multicellularity evolved 4 gave me to protists ,

plants fungi by
•
animals