IPC^CIHD MQPBHD PAZOP^

HBH^OEC EHBQYCH

Bheh Nosab=
Nr. Yhbusc, E.Kas.
Ncsusub odaf=
Ceehbuad Ircsthbto Ycbhlh (783988
(7839888:86)
8:86)

ZABNCNCKHB MHYEHBC KAYAFH^HB NHB PAKPAHYC

GHKQD^HY CDEQ ODHFPHLH
QBCWAPYC^HY BALAPC EANHB
0:83
 

KH^H ZABLHB^HP 

Zumc syukur kcth uihpkhb kaphnh ^ufhb

^ufhb yhbl ehfh kuhsh hths `arkht nhb rhfehn Byh
safcbllh tulhs irctcihd murbhd rcvcaw ( IMP ) cbc nhpht tarsusub fcbllh sadashc. ^cnhk duph shyh
 `artarceh khscf hths `hbtuhb nhrc `a`arhph pcfhk yhbl tadhf `arkobtrc`usc eae`arckhb
sue`hblhb `hck ehtarc ehupub pckcrhbbyh.

Fhrhph
Fhrhphb
b sh
shyh
yh,, saeol
saeolhh ehkh
ehkhdh
dhf
f yh
yhbl
bl su
sunh
nhff ta
tark
rkar
armh
mhkh
khb
b cb
cbcc nh
nhph
phtt eabh
eabhe`
e`hf
hf
 pablathfuhb nhb pablhdhehb `hlc pae`hih, nhb ubtuk kanaphbbyh nhpht eaepar`hckc
 `abtuk ehupub csc nhrc ehkhdhf cbc eabmhnc da`cf `hck dhlc
dhlc

Khrabh
Khrabh ka
kata
tar`
r`ht
hthsh
hshb
b pa
pabl
blat
athf
hfuh
uhbb nh
nhbb pa
pabl
blhd
hdhe
hehb
hb,, sh
shyh
yh yh
yhkc
kcb
b ehsc
ehscff `h
`hby
byhk 
hk 
kakurhblhb
kakur hblhb nhrc ehkhdhf
ehkhdhf yhbl tadhf tarsusub cbc.Odaf khrabh ctu,`ashr
ctu,`ashr fhrhphb shyh suphyh
 phrh pae`hih `csh eae`arckhb krctck nhb shrhb naec kasaepurbhhb ehkhdhf cbc.

  Eanhb, Okto`ar 0:83

  Ceehbuad Ircsthbto Ycbhlh

  BCE. 7839888:86

ZABNHFQDQHB
 

H. DH^HP @A
@ADHKHBL

Hbhtoec tu`uf ehbusch hnhdhf sarhblkhchb pablathfuhb tabthbl susubhb nhrc

 `hlchb-`hlchb `asarth pardablkhphb tu`uf yhbl eae`abtuk suhtu scstae gublscobhd nhdhe

kahnhhb borehd. Zablathfuhb satchp fhd yhbl borehd earuphkhb prhshrht pabtcbl ubtuk 
eaepadh
eae padhmhr
mhrcc fhd yhbl
yhbl h`bore
h`borehd
hd (phtod
(phtodol
olcs)
cs) nhdhe
nhdhe eae`hf
eae`hfhs
hs satchp
satchp paru`h
paru`hfhb
fhb struktu
struktur 
r 
tu`uf.

@. ^QMQHB ZABQDCY
8) Zabyad
Zabyadashc
ashchb
hb tulhs
tulhs ehth
ehth kudc
kudchf
hf Hbhto
Hbhtoec
ec ehbus
ehbusch ch
0) Eabhe`
Eabhe`hfhf whwhs
whwhshbhb ubtuk
ubtuk nhph
nhphtt eablav
eablavhdu
hduhsc
hsc murbh
murbhdd
9) Eabcbl
Eabcblkht
khtkhb
khb paehfh
paehfhehb
ehb sarth
sarth pablath
pablathfuh
fuhbb nhdhe fhd fhd eablkrc
eablkrctck
tck murbhd
murbhd nhb
eae`hbncblkhbbyh
>) Eabluhtkhb
Eabluhtkhb kaehep
kaehepuhb
uhb nhb
nhb skcdd
skcdd nhdhe eablkr
eablkrctcsc
ctcsc suhtu
suhtu murbhd
murbhd ubtuk
ubtuk ncmhnck
ncmhnckhb
hb
 `hfhb IMP 

I. EHBGHH^ IMP  

Ehbghht IMP hnhdhf eae`arckhb cbgorehsc hthu paehfhehb yhbl

koeprafabscg tabthbl hph yhbl thephk nhb tarublkhp nhdhe sa`uhf Murbhd, yhbl
eablhmhk pae`hih ubtuk eaeckcrkhb , earabublkhb, nhb eabncskusckhb da`cf mhuf
eablabhc ehshdhf yhbl eubiud nhdhe sa`uhf murbhd

PAWCA\ MQPBHD 8

Munud Lhea Anukhsc Hbcehsc Hbhk-Hbhk Zhnh

Hbhtoec
 

^u`uf
^u`uf Ehbusch Nablhb 9 @hfhsh

 Bheh murbhd MQPBHD CBOW^AK ZOD@ABL - YAPC

CBGOPEH^CKH

Nowbdohn
gcda=///I=/Qsars/Qsar/Nowbdohns/>9:-
gcda=///I=/Qsars/Qsar/Nowbdohns/>9:-878
8788-
8-
0-Z@.png 
Woduea,Bo nhb fhdhehb Woduea = 9
 BO =0
Fhdhehb = 8:
^hfub Bovae`ar 0:86

Zabudcs ^rc Sudchtc

Pavcawar Ceehbuad Ircsthbto Ycbhlh

^hbllhd 9: Yaptae`ar 0:83

^umuhb pabadctchb Hlhr kc

kcth nh
nhpht eaeablabhdkhb nc
ncrc sa
sabncrc
(tu`uf) samhk ncbc ( ^K)

Yu`mak pabadctchb Hbhk-hbhk ^K  

Hssaseabt nhth Zabadctchb ncdhkukhb umc io`h

dhblsubl nc ^K Yhdsh`cdh Nuehc

Eatona pabadctchb Eatona yhbl ncdhkukhb hnhdhf eatona

Iorraitan Ctae-^othd
Ctae-^othd Iorradhtcob
 phnh pablodhfhb nhth 87 kuascobar nablhb
fhscd bcdhc irob`hif hdpfh :.663 da`cf `ashr 
nhrc :,<.

Dhblkhf pabadctchb 8. Dhblkhf partheh nhdhe

eablub
eabl ublk
lkhphpkh
khbb fh
fhsc
scdd pa
pababadc
dctc
tchb
hb
hn
hnhd
hdhf
hf eabneabnasaskr
krcp
cpsc
sckh
khb b ehsc
ehscbl bl--
ehscbl
ehsc bl vhrch`
vhrch`ad
ad yhbl
yhbl eadcpu
eadcputc tc rhth-
rhth-
rhth (eahb
(eahb)) nhb sthbnhr navchsc
0. Dh
Dhbblk
lkhf
hf ka kanu
nuhh yhb hbll nc ncdh
dhkkuk
ukhbhb
eabllubhkhb Zablumchb
Fcpo
Fcpotatasc
scs.
s.Zh
Zhnh
nh `hlc
`hlchb
hb cb cbcc hk hkhbhb
nc
ncka
kaeu
eukhkhkh
khb
b pa pabl
blum
umch
chb b fc fcpopotas
tascs
cs
 `arnhshrkhb fhscd nhth yhbl ncparodaf
nhrc tas yhbl tadhf nc`arckhb kaphnh
su`mak pabadctchb, kaeunchb fhscd nhth
ncodhf nhb nchbhdcscs saihrh sthtcsctck 
ubtuk
ubt uk eablu
eablumcmc fcpota
fcpotascs
scs yhbl
yhbl tadhf
tadhf
nchmukhb sa`aduebyh
 

Fhscd pabadctchb ncparodaf bcdhc irob`hif

hdpfh :.663 da`cf `ashr nhrc :,<. Nablhb
naeckchb, ehkh fhscd nhth kuascobar yhbl
nc parodaf Padch`ad, hrtcbyh nablhb fhscd
yhbl ncparodaf cbc nhpht ncbyhthkhb Lhea
anukhsc hbhtoec 9 `hfhsh `ar`hscs
eudtceanch cbc tarnhpht thepcdhb lhe`hr 
yhbl eabhrck, nhb ehtarc yhbl eunhf
ncphfhec odaf hbhk, ehkh nhrc ctu ncparodaf
suhtu pabcdhchb radch`cdcths nablhb
 parfctublhb irob`hif hdpfh yhbl ncfhsckhb
shblht `hck.

Kakuhthb pabadctchb Kakuhthb pabadctchb cbc hnhdhf aksparceab cbc

eabl
ea bllu
lubh
bhkh
khb
b eato
eatonana yh
yhbl
bl lh
lhep
ephbhbl
l nc
 mhblkhu o`mak pabadctchb nhb tcnhk sushf
ncdhkukhb

Kadaehfhb pabadctchb Hnh `h

`hbyhk kh
khth kh
k hth yh
yhbl su
s udct ub
u btuk  
ncphfh
ncphfhec
ec khrabh
khrabh pabyu
pabyusub
subhb
hb khth
khth khthby
khthbyhh

kurhbl agaktcg.
Kascepudhb Zabadctchb tadhf `arfhscd
eablae`hblkhb lhea
eablae`hblkhb  lhea anukhsc hbhtoec 9
 `hfhsh yhbl ncparubtukkhb ubtuk hbhk ^K 
nhdhe eablabhdkhb nhb eae`hbtu
eabcblkhtkhb ecbht scswh nhdhe `adhmhr,
khrabh ncdablkhpc nablhb lhe`hr, hbcehsc,
eusci cbstrueabt nhb suhrh.
Fhscd pabadctchb ncdhkukhb umc io`h
dhblsubl nc ^K Yhdsh`cdh Nuehc nablhb
eatona Iorraitan Ctae-^othd
Ctae-^othd Iorradhtcob
 phnh pablodhfhb nhth 87 kuascobar nablhb
fhscd bcdhc irob`hif hdpfh :.663 da`cf `ashr 
nhrc :,<. Nablhb naeckchb lhea anukhsc
hbhtoec ehepu nclubhkhb nablhb `hck,
yhctu `hck nhrc salc thepcdhb, pabllubhhb
nhb paehfhehb phnh pablumchb lhea
tarsa`ut.

PAWCA\ MQPBHD 0

Munud ZABLHPQF ZAE@ADHMHPHB @AP@HYCY ^AKBODOLC

CBGOPEHYC EABLLQBHKHB EANCH YO@O^^H

 HBH^OES DAHPBCBL ^APFHNHZ FHYCD

 HBH^OES
@ADHMHP @CODOLC EHFHYCY\H
 

Munud mu
murbhd Murbhd Zabncnckhb Cb
Cbggorehtckh nh
nhb Yhcbs

Nowbdohn
fttp=//mourbhd.ckcpplrcptk.hi
fttp=//mourbhd.ckcpplrcptk.hi.cn/cbnax.pfp/shcbt
.cn/cbnax.pfp/shcbtak/hrtcida/vcaw/01
ak/hrtcida/vcaw/018/0>3
8/0>3
Woduea,Bo
oduea,Bo nhb Woduea
odue a = 1
fhdhehb
 BO =8

Fhdhehb = 88
^hfub Mubc 0:87

Zabudcs Fhbny Nhrehwhb

Pavcawar Ceehbuad Ircsthbto Ycbhlh

^hbllhd 9: Yaptae`ar 0:83

^umuhb pabadctchb ubtuk eablathfuc pablhruf pae`adhmhrhb

 `ar`hscs
takbodolc cbgorehsc eabllubhkhb eanch
 so`otth hbhtoey dahrbcbl (YHD)
(YHD) tarfhnhp
 prasthsc `adhmhr ehfhscswh

Yu`mak pabadctchb ehfhscswh saeastar CCC

Zrolrhe Ytunc Zabncnckhb Ehtaehtckh CKCZ-
ZLPC Zobtchbhk yhbl eablhe`cd ehth
kudchf `codolc ueue.

Hssaseabt nhth tas fhscd `adhmhr sasuhc nablhb

thksoboec `adhmhr eaburut @dooe nhdhe
Yutrcsbo (0:88= 89), yhkbc kolbctcg,
hgaktcg, nhb psckoeotorck .

Eatona pabadctchb Zabadctchb cbc eabllubhkhb

eatona aksparceab nablhb rhbihblhb
 pabadctchb eabllubhkhb nashcb pra
aksparceab nablhb rhbihblhb oba sfoot ihsa
 stuny..
 stuny

Dhblkhf pabadctchb 8. Zaecdcfhb taeh, topci nhb munud pabadctchb

0. Dhth
Dhthrr `adhk
`adhkhb
hbl
l
9. Zarueu
Zarueushb
shb ehshdhf
ehshdhf
>. Zarueu
Zarueushb
shb fcpo
fcpotas
tashh
1. Zabhrck
Zabhrckhb
hb kascepu
kascepudhb
dhb
7. Za
Zaby
byus
usub
ubhb
hb dh
dhpo
porhb
rhb

Fhscd pabadctchb pablhruf eanch Yo`otth Hbhtoey Dahrbcbl

(YHD) tarfhnhp fhscd `adhmhr eabllubhkhb
ncparodaf bcdhc P sa`ashr :.:33 nablhb bcdhc
P squhra (kooagcscab natarecbhbsc) sa`ashr 
 

:.>87 yhbl eablhbnubl pablartchb `hfwh

 pablhruf vhrch`ad `a`hs tarfhnhp
vhrch`ad tarckht sa`ashr >8,7: % sanhblkhb
scshbyh ncpablhrufc odaf vhrch`ad
dhcbbyh. @arnhshrkhb th`ad > nc hths ncparodaf
bcdhc sclbcgckhbsc sa`ashr :,:80 fhd
cbc eabubmukkhb `hfwh Fh nctarceh nhb Fo
nctodhk yhbl `arhrtc tarnhpht
 pablhruf sclbcgckhb pabllubhhb eanch
eanch
hbcehc YHD tarnhpht fhscd `adhmhr 
ehfhscswh.

Kakuhthb pabadctchb Zabarhphb eatona cb cbc nhpht eabcblkhtkhb

 prasthsc `adhmhr hbhtoec yhbl optcehd, `cdh
 prosas `adhmhr nctarhpkhb saihrh scstaehtcs.
Ehbhmaeab `a`hb `adhmhr fhrus eabmhnc
gokus parfhtchb.

Kadaehfhb pabadctchb ^armhncbyh kashdhfhb nhdhe eabarhpkhb

 prcbscp `a`hb `arda`cf nhb pabcblkhthb

 `a`hb yhbl prolrascg hkhb sadhdu

eabce`udkhb nhephk balhtcg.

Kascepudhb Yasuhc nablhb tumuhb pabadctchb, fhscd

 pabadctchb, nhb pae`hfhshb phnh
 `h` sa`aduebyh, ehkh nhdhe pabadctchb cbc
nhpht ncscepudkhb sa`hlhc `arckut=
8. @arnhshrkhb hbhdcscs nhth naskrcptcg
ncparodaf rhth-rhth fhscd pra tast sa`ashr 
>3,01 nhb fhscd post tast 7<,96.
0. ^arnhpht
^arnhpht pablhruf pabllubhhb eanch
Yo`otth Hbhtoey Dahrbcbl (YHD)
tarfhnhp fhscd `adhmhr ehfhscswh.

Nhgthr Zusthkh
MQPBHD 8
[8U Yuhrnc, Eof, @adhmhr
Eof, @adhmhr nhb Zae`adhmhrhb,
Zae`adhmhrhb, IW. @unc Qtheh, 
Qtheh, Solyhkhrth, 0:86
[0U Zutrc. N. C, P. P. Csbhbto, K. ^. Ehrtobo, Zarhbihblhb
Ehrtobo, Zarhbihblhb Hpdckhsc   Eudtceanch ubtuk
Hpdckhsc Eudtceanch
 Zae`adhmhrhb  Hbhtoec
 Zae`adhmhrhb  Hbhtoec ^u`uf
^u`uf Ehbusch ubtuk 
ubtuk  Yakodhf Nhshr , Murbhd ^akbodolc
^akbodolc nhb Ycstae
Koeputar, vod. >, bo. 8, pp. 80>-890, a-CYYB 0996-:>:9, Mhb. 0:87.
[9U Hrchnc.Y, Faru.Y, " Anulhea Zablabhdhb
Zablabhdhb @hlchb-@hlchb ^u`uf
^u`uf Ehbusch Nablhb
Nablhb ^clh
^clh
 @hfhsh @ar`hscs Hbnrocn 
Hbnrocn ",
", Ncpdoeh tfascs, 
tfascs, Qbcvarscths Eufheehncyhf 
Eufheehncyhf Yurhkhrth, 0:8<,
fttp=//aprcbts.ues.hi.cn/1806< 
[>U Yhbtoso, Hprc, Phbihbl
Hprc, Phbihbl @hblub
@hblub Hpdckhsc Zae`adhmhrhb Orlhb
Orlhb ^u`uf
^u`uf @ar`hscs
 Huleabtan Pahdcty,
Pahdcty, skrcpsc, 
skrcpsc, Y^ECK LC ENZ, Zhdae`hbl, 0:89
 

[1U Yubhryo S.
S. Fhryo Yudcstyhbto, @hyuphtc Hlubl C Zutu, Pusmhyhbtfc Nwc Bc Khnak,
 Hpdckhsc Eanch 
Eanch Zae`adhmhrhb
 Zae`adhmhrhb ^aehtck
^aehtck Qbtuk Hbhk  ^k @ar`hscs Hbnrocn , EAPZH^C WOD.9
 BO. 9, CYYB = 0010-9::7,
0010-9::7, p- CYYB 0010-9::7,
0010-9::7, @hdc, 0:81
[7U Yuyhbto, E. "Eudtceanch Hdht Qbtuk Eabcblkhtkhb Kaublludhb @arshcbl" , Hbnc,
Solyhkhrth. 0::9.
[<U Y. Alabgadn-Bcadsab, "Ovarvcaw
"Ovarvcaw og Pasahrif ob tfa Anuihtcobhd Qsa og Wcnao Lhea
Lhea,"
," vod.
8, pp. 86>-089, 
86>-089, Hulust 0::7.
[6U EHNIOEY, Zhbnuhb
EHNIOEY, Zhbnuhb Dablkhp Anctcbl Anctcbl W
Wcnao
cnao nablhb Hno`a
Hno`a Zraecara
Zraecara Zro IY>,
IY>, Hbnc,
Solyhkhrth, 0::3
[3U Yumcobo Sudchbc
Sudchbc Burhbc, Yumcobo @he`hbl, @arehcb
@he`hbl, @arehcb Krahtcg @ar`hscs
@ar`hscs  kaiarnhshb Mhehk ,
Cbnaks, Mhkhrth 0:89
[8:U Bhsaar, E nhb L. Fhsaehnc, Ycstae Eudtceanch,
Eudtceanch, Hbnc Oggsat, Solyhkhrth, 
Solyhkhrth, 0:89
 [88U @he`hbl. \, "^"^akbodolc Zae`adhmhrhb Dhbnhshb nhb Hpdckhscbyh",
Hpdckhscbyh", Pcbakh Icpth,
0::6.
[80U \hbnhf. \, " Eaeprolrhe Lhea Lhea Gdhsf 9N Ctu Eunhf" , Hbnc, 
Hbnc, Solyhkhrth, 0:89.
[89U \hfhbh Koeputar, Eae`uht
Koeputar, Eae`uht Lhea Cbtarhktcg Eabllubhkhb Hno`a Gdhsf IY7 , Zabar`ct
Hbnc, Yaehrhbl, 0:89.
[8>U \cbh. Y, " Kabihbh Ytrhtalc Zae`adhmhrhb @arorcabthsc
@arorcabthsc Ythbnhr Zr
Zrosas
osas Zabncnckhb",
Zabncnckhb",
Mhkhrth,Kabihbh, 0::7.
[81U Avadyb. I.Z, "Hbhtoec Nhb Gcscodolc Qbtuk Zhrheancs", Mhkhrth,
Mhkhrth,  Lrheanch Zusthkh
Qtheh, 0::3.
[87U Nobhdn E. Ycdvar, Zhtrcich M. \, " Ahsy Ehka & Dahrb Zromaits
Zromaits Fuehb 
Fuehb @ony",
 @ony", CY@B= :-
>93-:>:6<-7, Q.Y.H, 8333
[8<U H.Y, Posh, Yfhdhfuncb,E, Pakhyhsh
Yfhdhfuncb,E, Pakhyhsh Zarhblkht Dubhk ^arstruktur
^arstruktur Nhb @arorcabthsc
O`mak , Cbgorehtckh, 
Cbgorehtckh, @hbnubl. 0:8>

MQPBHD 0
Huburrhfehb. 0::3. @adhmhr
0::3. @adhmhr nhb Zae`adhmhrhb. @hbnubl= Hdgh`ath.
@aith. 0:8:. Anuihtcobhd
0:8:. Anuihtcobhd rasahrif
rasahrif ob tfa usa og CI^ cb sicabia tahifcbl ’ h
 sadaitcob og h`strhits hbn gurtfar sourias. QYH
Hzwhr, Y. 0:8:. ^as Zrasthsc; Gublsc nhb Zablae`hblhb Zablukurhb Zrasthsc
 @adhmhr . Solyhkhrth=
Solyhkhrth= Zusthkh Zadhmhr 
Na Zortar, @o``c & Farbhikc, Ecka. 0::3. Xuhbtue Dahrbcbl= Eae`chshkhb
 @adhmhr Byhehb nhb Eabyabhblkhb
Eabyabhblkhb.. @hbnubl= Khcgh.
Qbo, Fhezhf @. 0::<. ^aorc Eotcvhsc nhb Zablukurhbbyh Hbhdcscs nc @cnhbl 
 Zabncnckhb.. Mhkhrth= @uec Hkshrh.
 Zabncnckhb
Dhblavadn, 83<8. @akbopta
83<8. @akbopta ^faoratcsifa Zanhlolcak 
Zanhlolcak . Lrobcblab= \odtars
(Boornfog).
Zurwhbto. 0::3. Avhduhsc
0::3. Avhduhsc Fhscd @adhmhr . Solyhkhrth = Zusthkh Zadhmhr.
Zuspcthrcbc, Yubhryo, nhb Yuryhbc. 0:89. Zaeonadhb
0:89. Zaeonadhb ^ZHIK
^ZHIK `ar`hscs ^akbodolc
^akbodolc
 Cbgorehsc nhb Koeubckhsc nablhb
nablhb pabnakhthb Ytruiturhd Aquh
Aquhtcob
tcob
 Eonaddcbl (YAE).Zroscncbl
(YAE).Zroscncbl Yaecbhr Bhscobhd Ehbhmaeab
Ehbhmaeab ^akbodolc
^akbodolc
 VWCCC. Zrolrhe Ytunc Ehlcstar Ehbhmaeab ^akbodolc, Cbstctut ^akbodolc
Yurh`hyh.
Zutrchbc nhb Yhrwc. 0:8>. Cepdaeabthsc
0:8>.  Cepdaeabthsc Ytrhtalc ^ZHIK
^ZHIK nablhb eanch sceudhsc
sceudhsc
`ar`hscs cbkucrc tar`ce`cbl phnh kobsap lathrhb nhb ladoe`hbl. Qbbas
 Zfcsyis Anuihtcob Mourbhd . 9(0), 9>->8. Ghkudths Ehtaehtckh nhb
Zablathfuhb Hdhe, Qbcvarscths Balarc Yaehrhbl.
Zotyrhdh, K. 0::0. CI^
0::0. CI^ ^oods
^oods cb @codoly Anuihtcob. Naphrteabt og @codoly
 

Ncnhitcis, Cbstctuta og @codoly,

@codoly, Zanhlolcihd Qbcvarscty og Irhiow.
ZODHBN.
Yunhrcsehb, Yuichtc. 0:8:. Eae`hblub
0:8:. Eae`hblub Khrhktar Zasarth Ncnck Eadhduc
 Zae`adhmhrhb @codolc @ar`hscs Katarhepcdhb Zrosas.
Zrosas. Zr
Zroscncbl
oscncbl Yaecbhr 
 Bhscobhd WCC Zabncnckhb @codolc
@codolc.. Ghkudths Cdeu Katabhlh pabncnckhb nhb
Zabncnckhb. Qbcvarscths Balarc Yurhkhrth.
Yutrcsbo. 0:88. Zablhbthr
0:88. Zablhbthr Zae`adhmhrhb Cbovhtcg 
Cbovhtcg . Mhkhrth= Lhubl Zarshnh Zrass.
^cbco,W.D.
^cbco,W.D. 0::0. CI^
0::0. CI^ cb Anuihtcob.
Anuihtcob. Qbctan Bhtcobs Navadopeabt Zrolrheea
Zrolrheea
 @urahu gor navadopeabt
navadopeabt podciy,
podciy, Baw
Ba w Sork.
Sork.