Professional Documents
Culture Documents
(Анатомія) База Тестів Модуль 2
(Анатомія) База Тестів Модуль 2
Будова
твердого та м’якого піднебіння. Зів.
1. Після травми лицевого черепа у хворого при акті ковтання їжа попадає в носову
частину глотки. Функція якого мяза порушена?
a. M. palatopharyngeus.
b. M. genioglossus.
c. M. levator veli palatini.
d. M. stylopharyngeus.
e. M. palatoglossus.
5. Хворий скаржиться на сильний біль у горлі при ковтанні, гарячку. При огляді
виявлено почервоніння дужок та піднебінних мигдаликів, скупчення білого
нальоту на них. Лікар поставив діагноз: фолікулярна ангіна. Де розміщена
мигдаликова ямка?
a. Між передньою дужкою і коренем язика.
b. Попереду передньої дужки.
c. Між передньою і задньою дужкою зіва.
d. Між задньою дужкою і коренем язика.
e. Позаду задньої дужки зіва.
10. Хворий скаржиться на біль в горлі при ковтанні. При огляді лікар діагностував
почервоніння м'якого піднебіння та язичка. Що таке перешийок зіва (isthmus
faucium)?
a. Простір між обома піднебінно-язиковими та піднебінно-глотковими дужками.
b. Тільки між піднебінно-глотковими дужками.
c. Між лівими піднебінно-язиковими та піднебінно-глотковими дужками.
d. Між правими піднебінно-язиковими та піднебінно-глотковими дужками.
e. Тільки між піднебінно-язиковими дужками.
1. The patient come to cosmetologist with a complaint about the frequent oblation and
shelling of the skin of the lips. By which parts is the lip formed?
a. Skin, mucosa, intermediate zone.
b. Skin, epithelial, mucosa.
c. Intermediate zone, skin, vermilion.
d. Skin, vermilion, mucosa.
e. Vermilion, intermediate zone, mucosa.
2. A child of 6 years has penetrating injury to the right cheek, obtained as a result of
careless handling of the sharp object. What muscles form the basis of cheeks?
a. M. buccinators, m. zygomaticus minor.
b. M. masseter, m. pterygoideus medialis.
c. M. buccinators, m. levator labii superioris.
d. M. masseter, m. buccinator.
e. M. masseter, m. pterygoideus lateralis.
3. The doctor found a small ulcer on the anterior left palatinal arch during the
examination of the oral cavity. Which muscle, that lies in the arch, may inflammation
spread to?
a. M. genioglossus.
b. M. palatopharyngeus.
c. M. styloglossus.
d. M. hyoglossus.
e. M. palatoglossus.
4. The patient complains of severe pain in throat during swallowing and of fever.
Redness of the arches and palatine tonsils, the accumulation of white plaque on
them was revealed during the examination. The doctor diagnosed follicular angina.
Where are tonsillar fossulae located?
a. Behind posterior arch of fauces.
b. Between anterior and posterior arches of fauces.
c. Between the posterior arch and the root of the tongue.
d. Ahead of anterior arch of fauces.
e. Between the anterior arch and the root of the tongue.
5. The patient complains of pain in throat during swallowing. During the examination,
the doctor diagnosed the redness of the soft palate and palatine uvula. What is
isthmus of fauces (isthmus faucium)?
a. Between the right palatoglossal and palatopharyngeal arches.
b. Between the left palatoglossal and palatopharyngeal arches.
c. Only between palatoglossal arches.
d. The space between the two palatoglossal and palatopharyngeal arches.
e. Only between palatopharyngeal arches.
6. As a result of eating very hot food in the patient got reddening, swelling, and small
bubbles and severe pain in the area of the anterior part of hard palate appeared. On
the mucous membrane of the hard palate there is:
a. Plicae palatinae transversae, plicae palatinae obliquae.
b. Raphe palati, plicae palatinae longitudinalis.
c. Plicae palatinae obliquae, plicae palatinae longitudinalis.
d. Raphe palati, plicae palatinae transversae.
e. Raphe palati, plicae palatinae obliquae.
9. During the act of swallowing the food falls into the nasal part of the pharynx in the
patient with a trauma of the facial skull. The function of which muscle is broken?
a. M. palatopharyngeus.
b. M. palatoglossus.
c. M. genioglossus.
d. M. levator veli palatini.
e. M. stylopharyngeus.
10. A patient of 45 years old casually drank acetic acid. The burns of which departments
of the digestive system will occur first of all?
a. Esophagus and stomach.
b. Cavity of the mouth and larynx.
c. Pharynx, stomach.
d. Pharynx and esophagus.
e. Cavity of the mouth, oropharynx.
8. Після травми обличчя у хворого гематома в ділянці щоки. Відтік з якої слинної
залози блоковано гематомою?
a. Щічна.
b. Губна.
c. Привушна.
d. Під’язикова.
e. Піднижньощелепна.
10. При огляді ротової порожнини стоматолог виявив появу у дитини перших
великих нижніх кутніх зубів. Який вік дитини?
a. 6-7 років.
b. 10-11 років.
c. 8-9 років.
d. 12-13 років.
e. 4-5 років.
13. У клініку поступила дитина 9 місяців, у якої ще не прорізався жоден зуб. У які
терміни повинні прорізуватися перші зуби в нормі?
a. 5- 6 міс.
b. 6- 7 міс.
c. 3- 4 міс.
d. 7- 8 міс.
e. 9- 10 міс.
15. Внаслідок отриманої травми хворий не може рухати язиком вперед і вниз. Який
з перелічених м’язів постраждав?
a. Верхній поздовжній м’яз.
b. Підборідно-язиковий м’яз.
c. Шило-під’язиковий м’яз.
d. Під’язиково-язиковий м’яз.
e. Нижній поздовжній м’яз.
17. У хворого 25 років у ділянці правої щоки свіжа поздовжня різана рана
довжиною до 4-х см і глибиною 1 см, що значно кровить. Після анестезії і
гемостазу хірург почав накладати шви на рану. На які анатомічні структури
потрібно при цьому звернути особливу увагу?
a. Лицеву артерію.
b. Гілки лицевого нерва.
c. Протоку привушної залози.
d. Гілки верхньощелепного нерва.
e. Верхньощелепну артерію.
18. Під час першого годування немовляти, молоко почало витікати з носової
порожнини. Яка вада розвитку у немовляти?
a. Стравохідно-трахеальна нориця.
b. Вовча паща.
c. Атрезія анального отвору.
d. Атрезія стравоходу.
e. Заяча губа.
23. У дитини вроджена розщелина верхньої губи (“заяча губа”) і переднього відділу
піднебіння (“вовча паща”). Незарощенням яких відростків викликаний цей
дефект?
a. Носового, лобного.
b. Піднебінного, нижньощелепного.
c. Нижньощелепного, носового.
d. Верхньощелепного, лобного.
e. Носового, піднебінного.
24. Стоматолог при огляді порожнини рота дитини виявив коротку вуздечку
верхньої губи. На які зуби виявить негативні наслідки ця аномалія розвитку?
a. Медіальні верхні різці.
b. Латеральні нижні різці.
c. Латеральні верхні різці.
d. Медіальні нижні різці.
e. Верхні ікла.
1. The dentist detected an inflammation of the papillae on the border of the middle and
posterior third of the back of the tongue during the examination of the cavity of the
mouth. Inflammation of which papillae was detected?
a. Papillae filiformes.
b. Papillae vallatae.
c. Papillae foliаtae.
d. Papillae fungiformes.
e. Papillae conicae.
2. The dentist detected the the appearance of the first inferior molars in a child during
examination of the oral cavity. What is the child's age?
a. 6-7 years.
b. 12-13 years.
c. 8-9 years.
d. 10-11 years.
e. 4-5 years.
3. A newborn has a defect in the form of median cleft of the mandible. Non-assimilation
of which processes leads to such anomalies of development?
a. Mandibular.
b. Palatine.
c. Zygomatic.
d. Frontal.
e. Maxillary.
4. A dentist inserts a cotton swab into the lumen between the cheek and the alveolar
process of the maxilla. The outlet hole of which gland does it close?
a. Submandibular.
b. Sublingual.
c. Parathyroid.
d. Parotid.
e. Thyroid.
5. The clinic received a 9 months old baby, which has not any tooth cut through. In
what terms should the first teeth normally cut through?
a. 7-8 months.
b. 6-7 months.
c. 5-6 months.
d. 9-10 months.
e. 3- 4 months.
6. Mother asked for help to the doctor. A sick girl 6 months has a high fever, is crying
and putting toys in the mouth. Which tooth appears at this age?
a. Lateral inferior incisor.
b. Medial inferior incisor.
c. Inferior molar.
d. Lateral superior incisor.
e. Medial superior incisor.
7. The patient can not move the tongue forward and downward because of an injury.
Which one of the listed muscles has suffered?
a. Genioglossus muscle.
b. Inferior longitudinal muscle.
c. Superior longitudinal muscle.
d. Hyoglossus muscle.
e. Styloglossus muscle.
9. A patient of 25 years has a fresh longitudinal cut wound with a length of 4 cm and a
depth of 1 cm in the area of the right cheek, which significantly bleeds. After
performing anesthesia and hemostasis, the surgeon began to put the stitches on the
wound. What anatomical structures demand special attention to be paid to?
a. Facial Nerve.
b. Facial artery.
c. Branches of the maxillary nerve.
d. Maxillary artery.
e. The duct of the parotid gland.
10. A patient with a tumor of encephalon trunk has a difficulty in raising the tongue. The
function of which muscle of the tongue suffered?
a. Styloglossus.
b. Transverse.
c. Superior longitudinal.
d. Genioglossus.
e. Hyoglossus.
11. The patient has a tooth removed; its lingual surface is less than the surface of cheek.
Masticatory surface in the form of an oval. The deep transverse fissure divides the
cheek and lingual tubercles. The root is firmly compressed in the meso-distal
direction with longitudinal fissures on the approximated surfaces and is split.
Determine which tooth was removed.
a. Superior canine.
b. 2nd superior molar.
c. 1st inferior molar.
d. Inferior canine.
e. 1st superior molar.
12. Mother asked for help to the doctor. Normally developed girl of 12 months is crying,
putting toys in her mouth. What tooth appears at this age?
a. Medial inferior incisor.
b. Canine.
c. Premolar.
d. Inferior molar.
e. Lateral inferior incisor.
13. The patient has a dysfunction of sense of taste. The general sensitivity is maintained.
Which tongue nipples are not damaged?
a. Vallate.
b. Filiform papillae.
c. Folia.
d. All.
e. Fungiform.
14. A child has the congenital cleft of the upper lip and the anterior part of the palate.
The absence of assimilation of which processes caused this defect?
a. Nasal, palatine.
b. Nasal, frontal.
c. Mandibular, nasal.
d. Maxillary, frontal.
e. Palatine, mandibular.
15. The milk began to flow out of the nasal cavity during the first feeding of the newborn.
What developmental defect does the infant have?
a. Wolf's mouth (cleft palate).
b. Esophago-tracheal fistula.
c. Atresia of the esophagus.
d. Atresia of the anal aperture.
e. Defect of lip.
16. A patient has a hematoma in the area of the cheek after an injury. The outflow from
which salivary gland is blocked by hematoma?
a. Parotid gland.
b. Submandibular.
c. Lip.
d. Cheek glands.
e. Sublingual.
17. A patient of 30 years old has an inflammation of the pulp of the 2nd superior molar;
he came to the doctor with complaints of headache and mucous discharge from the
nose. After examination the doctor diagnosed pulpitis, complicated by sinusitis.
Which sinuses reached an infection from the root of the tooth?
a. Maxillary.
b. Mastoid cells.
c. Frontal.
d. Ethmoid.
e. Sphenoid.
18. The patient of 35 years old came to the reception room with complaints of pain and
swelling in the area of the oral cavity. The inflammatory process of the area of the
inferior duct of the submandibular salivary gland is diagnosed after examination.
Where does this duct open?
a. Plica fimbriata.
b. Caruncula sublingualis.
c. Recesus gingivalis.
d. Foramen caecum linguae.
e. Vestibulum oris.
19. The dentist detected a short frenulum of the upper lip at the examination of the
baby's oral cavity. Which teeth will undergo the influence of this anomaly of
development?
a. Superior canines.
b. Medial superior incisors.
c. Medial inferior incisors.
d. Lateral inferior incisors.
e. Lateral superior incisors.
20. A patient has an inflammation of the sublingual caruncle. From which salivary glands
will it be difficult to secrete saliva?
a. Parotid and submandibular.
b. Sublingual and submandibular.
c. Sublingual and cheek.
d. Sublingual and parotid.
e. Parotid and palatine.
21. There is a drop of milk into the nasal cavity of a newborn when he/she takes a meal.
Please indicate the possible cause of this violation.
a. Curvature of the nasal septum to the right.
b. Damage to the lip.
c. Cleft palate.
d. Curvature of the nasal septum to the left.
e. Fracture of the base of the skull.
2. При огляді хлопчика 5 років, лікар помітив, що дитина дихає через рот. За
допомогою додаткових методів дослідження було встановлено збільшення
розмірів одного з мигдаликів лімфоепітеліального глоткового кільця. Який це
мигдалик?
a. Трубний.
b. Глотковий.
c. Гортанний.
d. Язиковий.
e. Піднебінний.
10. У дітей часто можна спостерігати затрудння носового дихання, яке пов'язане з
надмірним розвитком лімфоїдної тканини слизової оболонки глотки.
Розростання яких мигдаликів може спричинити це явище?
a. Усіх названих мигдаликів.
b. Tonsilla palatina.
c. Tonsilla pharyngea.
d. Tonsilla tubaria.
e. Tonsilla lingualis.
1. The patient is hospitalized with an ulcer of the esophagus. After some time the
patient had symptoms of inflammation of peritoneum. In what part of the esophagus
did the perforation appear?
a. Abdominal.
b. Pharyngeal.
c. Cervical.
d. Thoracic.
e. Gastric.
2. A patient has diagnosis of foreign object at the level of the 4th thoracic vertebra,
proved with x-ray. In the area of which esophageal contraction did this object stop?
a. Diaphragmatic constriction.
b. Pharyngeal constriction.
c. Abdominal constriction.
d. Aortic constriction.
e. Bifurcation constriction.
3. A child with complaints of pain behind the sternum, which appears after swallowing
and is accompanied by cough was delivered to hospital. The X-ray examination
revealed a foreign body in the thickness of the wall of the esophagus at the level of 4
thoracic vertebrae. In the area of which constiction of the esophagus did this
damage appear?
a. In the place of the adjoining of the arc of aorta.
b. In the place of transition of the pharynx into the esophagus.
c. In the place of the passage through the diaphragm.
d. In the place of transition into the stomach.
e. In the place of the intersection with the left principal bronchus.
4. A child with complaints of pain in the sternum, which appears after swallowing and
is accompanied by coughing was delivered to the hospital. A foreign body was found
in the thickness of the esophagus wall at the level of the 5 thoracic vertebrae during
the X-ray examination. In the area of which constriction of the esophagus is foreign
object located?
a. Diaphragmatic.
b. Bronchial.
c. Abdominal.
d. Aortic.
e. Pharyngeal.
5. The patient with complaints of difficulty in passaging of food through the esophagus.
X-ray examination revealed that the delay occurs at the level of 5 thoracic vertebrae.
The tumor of which organ is an obstacle for the passage of food in this department
of the esophagus?
a. Thyroid gland.
b. Right principal bronchus.
c. Left principal bronchus.
d. Arch of aorta.
e. Right lung.
6. A child with a difficulty in nasal breathing got into the hospital. The increase in which
tonsil of pharynx is revealed by the doctor during the examination?
a. Palatine.
b. Tubarian tonsil.
c. Lingual.
d. Pharyngeal.
e. Tonsils are not affected.
7. A child has pharyngitis (inflammation of the pharyngeal mucosa), that wad
complicated by inflammation of the middle ear. Through which anatomical formation
did the inflammatory process spread to the middle ear?
a. Pharyngeal opening of the auditory tube.
b. Musculotubal canal.
c. Semicanal of the auditory tube.
d. Semicanal of tensor tympanic muscle.
e. Canaliculus of chorda tympani.
8. Longitudinal folds are visible n the inner surface of the preparation of the cut tubular
organ. What is this organ?
a. The duodenum.
b. Rectum.
c. Esophagus.
d. Ileum.
e. Sigmoid colon.
9. The patient mistakenly drank a solution of acetic acid. Which coat of the esophagus
has suffered the most?
a. Serosa.
b. Muscular coat and serosa.
c. Mucosa.
d. Elastic membrane.
e. Musclar coat.
10. A boy of 5 years old was examined by the doctor, and he noticed that the child
breathed with his mouth. An increase in the size of one of the tonsils of the
lymphoepithelial pharyngeal ring was established with the help of additional
research methods. Which tonsil is enlarged?
a. Tubarian.
b. Palatine.
c. Lingual.
d. Pharyngeal.
e. Laryngeal.
11. A person of 65 years old was hospitalized with a suspicion of a tumor of the upper
part of the esophagus. The tumor process was found at the edge of the pharynx and
esophagus during the X-ray examination. At the level of which cervical vertebra is a
tumor located?
a. 4.
b. 2.
c. 5.
d. 6.
e. 3.
12. Children often have difficulty in nasal breathing, which is associated with excessive
development of the lymphoid tissue of the pharyngeal mucosa. The growth of which
tonsils can cause this phenomenon?
a. Tonsilla palatina.
b. All named.
c. Tonsilla lingualis.
d. Tonsilla tubaria.
e. Tonsilla pharyngea.
13. A patient of 18 years old, turned to the hospital with complaints of noise and pain in
the ear. Objectively, the patient has acute respiratory disease, rhinitis. Through
which opening of the pharynx did the infection get into the tympanic cavity?
a. Tympanic opening of the auditory tube.
b. Fauces.
c. Entrance to the larynx.
d. Choane.
e. Pharyngeal opening of the auditory tube.
14. A boy of 4 years old often suffers from acute respiratory viral infections. As a result,
he has a considerably enlarged tubarian tonsil, that closes the pharyngeal opening
of the auditory tube. With what does the auditory tube connect the pharyngeal
cavity?
a. Laryngeal cavity.
b. Nasopharynx.
c. An inner ear.
d. Oral cavity.
e. The tympanic cavity.
3. У хворого 22-х років під час операції виявлений наскрізний отвір діаметром 3
мм на передній стінці шлунка в середній третині, ближче до малої кривизни. Яка
частина шлунка ймовірніше всього уражена?
a. Pars cardiaca.
b. Corpus.
c. Antrum pyloricum.
d. Fundus.
e. Pars pylorika.
1. At the overall radiogram of the chest there is the shadow on the left that most likely
is given by the air that we capture while swallowing food and which is collected at
the bottom (fundus) of the stomach (the so-called "gastric air bubble"). At what level
is the upper border of the stomach fundus projected normally?
a. It is located at the level of 5-intercostal space or 5-rib.
b. It is located at the level of 7-intercostal space or 7-rib.
c. It is located at the level of the 3-intercostal space or 3-rib.
d. It is located at the level of 6-intercostal space or 6-rib.
e. It is located at the level of 4-intercostal space or 4-rib.
2. A patient of 40 years old come to a doctor with complaints of frequent burning of the
esophagus. Sphincter deficiency was detected during examination. Which sphincter
is affected?
a. Esophageal.
b. Pyloric.
c. Duodenal.
d. Pharyngeal.
e. Cardiac.
4. One of the most common localizations of gastric ulcers is found along its small
curvature. Where could the penetration (breakthrough of the ulcer into surrounding
tissues, organs, cavities) most likely occur to?
a. Into omental bursa.
b. Into hepatorenal recess.
c. Between the leaves of lesser omentum.
d. Into subphrenic space.
e. Into subhepatic space.
5. The patient complains of pain and heaviness in the epigastric region after eating,
heartburn and sometimes vomiting. Probe examination of the organs of the
gastrointestinal tract was performed for diagnostic purposes. To which mark should
the probe be inserted in this case?
a. 30-35 cm.
b. 40-50 cm.
c. 40-45 cm.
d. 25-40 cm.
e. 25-30 cm.
6. A through opening with a diameter of 3 mm on the anterior wall of the stomach in the
middle third, closer to the lesser curvature, was revealed in a patient of 22 years
during the operation. What part of the stomach is most likely to be affected?
a. Pars pylorika.
b. Fundus.
c. Corpus.
d. Antrum pyloricum.
e. Pars cardiaca.
8. Patient with chronic gastritis underwent intragastric pH-metry, with the help of which
reduction of acidity of gastric juice was established. Function of which cells is
decreased?
a. Cervical cells.
b. Main exocrinocytes.
c. Parietal exocrinocytes.
d. Additional cells.
e. Endocrinocytes.
9. During performing a duodenal examination, the probe does not pass from the
stomach to the duodenum. In what part of the stomach is an obstruction (tumor)
situated?
a. In the cardiac department.
b. In the area of the body of the stomach.
c. In the area of the fundus of the stomach.
d. In the pyloric department.
e. In all of these areas.
10. A woman of 37 years has a tumor of the size of 3 x 4 cm, 1 cm that was detected
below the place where esophagus enters the stomach. What part of the stomach is
affected by the tumor?
a. Cardia ventriculi.
b. Curvatura major.
c. Pylorus ventriculi.
d. Fundus ventriculi.
e. Corpus ventriculi.
11. The doctor states the presence of air during the X-ray examination of the stomach of
the patient in an upright position. In what part of the stomach is it located?
a. Area of lesser curvature.
b. Fundus.
c. Cardia.
d. Body.
e. Pyloric part.
1. The surgeon has detected accumulated lymphoid nodules (Peyer*s) in the mucous
membrane. What part of the colon is it?
a. Rectum.
b. Jejunum.
c. Ileum.
d. Cecum.
e. Duodenum.
2. The examination of the patient detected a tumor of the distal part of the small
intestine. Determine the localization of the tumor.
a. Jejunum.
b. Caecum.
c. Duodenum.
d. Colon sigmoideum.
e. Ileum.
3. In which department of the duodenum should a fibrogastroskope be inserted to
examine the greater duodenal papilla?
a. Inferior.
b. Duodenojejunal flexure.
c. Superior.
d. Descending.
e. Ascending.
5. A man of 26 years complains of hunger and night abdominal pains, pyrosis during
the last 3 months. Gastroduodenoscopy was performed. An ulcer of bulb of
duodenum is found. In what area of the anterior abdominal wall does pain appear
during palpation?
a. Reg. epigastrica.
b. Reg umbilicalis.
c. Reg. abdominalis lateralis dextra.
d. Reg. hypochondriaca dextra.
e. Reg. hypochondriaca sinistra.
6. During surgery on the small intestine the doctor detected a part of the mucous
membrane, where a longitudinal fold appeared on the background of the circular
folds. Which part of the small intestine has a structure like this?
a. Proximal part of jejunum.
b. Pars horizontalis duodeni.
c. Distl part of ileum.
d. Pars ascendens duodeni.
e. Pars descendens duodeni.
7. The patient has a suspection of tumor of a greater papilla of the duodenum. In what
department of the duodenum is this pathology located?
a. The ascending part.
b. Horizontal part.
c. Ampulla.
d. Superior part.
e. Descending part.
10. The patient complaints of dysfunction of evacuative function of stomach. The tumor
of initial part of duodenum was detected during examination. Where is it localised?
a. Pars inferior.
b. Flexura duodeni inferior.
c. Pars superior.
d. Pars descendens.
e. Pars ascendens.
12. The surgeon suspected inflammation of the diverticulum of Meckel, that requires
surgical intervention in a patient with signs of acute abdomen. Specify revision of
which part of the intestine is necessary to find the diverticulum?
a. Descending colon.
b. 0, 5 m of the jejunum from the Treitz*s ligament.
c. 1 m of the ileum from the place where it falls into the large intestine.
d. 20 cm of the ileum from the ileocecal angle.
e. Ascending colon.
13. The surgeon has diagnosed the diverticulum of Meckel in a child of 6 years. In which
department of the gastrointestinal tract is it necessary to search for it during
surgery?
a. In the area of the duodenum.
b. In the area of the jejunum.
c. In the area of the sigmoid colon.
d. In the area of the ileum.
e. In the area of the colon.
14. The surgeon suspected inflammation of the diverticulum of Meckel in 10 years old
child. It requires surgical intervention. Specify, the revision of which part of the
intestine is necessary to find the diverticulum?
a. Ascending colon.
b. 1 m of the ileum from the place where it falls into the large intestine.
c. 0, 5 m of the jejunum from the Treitz*s ligament.
d. Descending colon.
e. 20 cm of the ileum from the ileocecal angle.
15. Meckel's diverticulum was detected in an ultrasound examination of a child. An
anomaly of which intestine is diagnosed?
a. Colon.
b. Jejunum.
c. Ileum.
d. Sigmoid.
e. Cecum.
16. During the fibrogastroduodenoscopy the doctor needs to examine a greater papilla
of the duodenum. Which anatomical formation can serve as a guide for finding it?
a. Circular folds of duodenum.
b. Ligament hepatico-duodenal.
c. Bulb of duodenum.
d. Duodenal glands.
e. Longitudinal fold of the duodenum.
17. The inflammation of the duodenal bulb has been detected in a patient during
fibrogastroduodenoscopy. In which part of the intestine is inflammation located?
a. –.
b. Pars descendens.
c. Pars superior.
d. Pars horizontalis.
e. Pars ascendens.
18. Examining the sectional material, the doctor noticed of folliculi lymphatici aggregati
on the inner surface of one of the intestinal segments. To which intestine does this
formation belong?
a. Duodenum.
b. Colon ascendens.
c. Ileum.
d. Jejunum.
e. Colon descendens.
19. A person of 50 years old was hospitalized with suspicion of gall bladder
inflammation. He was assigned a fibrogastroscopy of the gastrointestinal tract with
an examination of the greater duodenal papilla. In what part of the duodenum should
the doctor look for this papilla?
a. Superior.
b. Ascending.
c. Inferior (horizontal).
d. Descending.
e. Ampulla.
3. Лікар пальпує у хворого 43-х років нижній край печінки. На якому рівні у
здорової людини розташована нижня межа печінки?
a. На 4 см вище краю реберної дуги.
b. На 3 см нижче краю реберної дуги.
c. На 4 см ніжче краю реберної дуги.
d. По краю реберної дуги.
e. На 2 см нижче краю реберної дуги.
11. При оперативному втручанні з приводу каменів жовчевих ходів хірург повинен
знайти загальну печінкову протоку. Між листками якої зв»язки вона
знаходиться?
a. Печінково-дванадцятипалої.
b. Печінково-ниркової.
c. Круглої зв'язки печінки.
d. Печінково-шлункової.
e. Венозної зв'язки.
13. Хворому 60 років видалений жовчевий міхур. Вкажіть, яка анатомічна структура
була розрізана при операції?
a. Печінково-дванадцатипала зв’язка.
b. Великий сальник.
c. Шлунково-селезінкова зв’язка.
d. Шлунково-ободова зв’язка.
e. Шлунково-діафрагмальна зв’язка.
1. It became necessary for surgeon to determine topography of bile duct during the
operation of cholecystectomy. The assimilation of which ducts forms this anatomical
structure?
a. Common hepatic and cystic duct.
b. Common hepatic and right hepatic duct.
c. Left hepatic and cystic duct.
d. Common hepatic and left hepatic duct.
e. Right and left hepatic ducts.
2. The doctor should determine the common cystic duct during performing surgical
intervention on the gall bladder. In which anatomical formation of peritoneum is it
located?
a. Lig. hepatorenale.
b. Lig. Duodenorenale.
c. Lig. gastrocolicum.
d. Lig. Hepatoduodenale.
e. Lig hepatogastricum.
3. The surgeon must find a common hepatic duct during a surgery on gallstones.
Between the leaves of which ligament is it located?
a. Hepatogastric.
b. Round ligament of the liver.
c. Ligamentum venosum.
d. Hepatorenal.
e. Hepatoduodenal.
4. The patient undergoes operation on the bile ducts. What kind of ligaments of the
liver will be dissected in this case?
a. Triangular.
b. Round.
c. Hepatoduodenal.
d. Venosum.
e. Hepatogastric.
7. The doctor palpates the lower edge of the liver in a the patient of the 43 years. At
what level is the lower edge of the liver situated in the healthy person?
a. 2 cm below the edge of arch of rib.
b. 3 cm below the edge of the arch of rib.
c. At the edge of the arch of rib.
d. 4 cm above the edge of the arch of rib.
e. 4 cm below than the edge of the arch of rib.
8. A 60-year-old man has a gall bladder removed. Specify which anatomical structure
was cut during operation?
a. Gastrocolic ligament.
b. Gastrosplenic ligament.
c. Hepatoduodenal ligament.
d. Gastrophrenic ligament.
e. Greater omentum.
9. The patient complains of unbearable pain in the lumbar part of back and jaundice.
Compression of which anatomical formations led to the appearance of these
symptoms?
a. Hepatopancreatic ampulla
b. Cystic duct.
c. Pancreatic duct.
d. Bile Duct and cystic duct.
e. Common hepatic duct.
11. A mechanical jaundice developed in patient with gallstone disease. During the
examination it was established that the stone is in the bile duct. Which structures
form this duct?
a. Ductus hepaticus sinister et ductus cysticus.
b. Ductus hepaticus dexter et sinister.
c. Ductus hepaticus dexter et ductus cysticus.
d. Ductus hepaticus communis et ductus cysticus.
e. Ductus hepaticus communis et ductus choledochus.
12. A patient of 52 years old has chronic calculous cholecystitis. The surgeon performs
a revision of hepatodeodenal ligament with a help of retrograde cholecystectomy.
What elements of this ligament need to be separated and tied up:
a. Cystic duct, cystic artery.
b. Bile duct, common hepatic duct.
c. Portal vein, cystic artery.
d. Proper hepatic artery, cystic duct.
e. Proper hepatic artery, bile duct.
13. Measuring of the size of the liver allowed to establish that on the right midclavicular
line its upper limit is at the level of IV intercostal space, and its lower edge appears
from under the edge of the arch of rib for 4 cm. Evaluate the size of the liver.
a. The liver is enlarged - its upper edge is shifted upwards.
b. The size of the liver is normal.
c. The liver is enlarged - its lower edge is shifted to the bottom.
d. The liver is reduced - its lower edge is shifted upwards.
e. The liver is reduced - its lower edge is shifted to the bottom.
1. the patient has the tumor of the initial department of the colon. Determine the
localization of the tumor.
a. Rectum
b. Colon sigmoideum
c. Colon ascendens
d. Caecum
e. colon descendens
2. Diseases of the liver and gall bladder can trigger appendicitis if appendix is in this
position:
a. Medial.
b. Retrocecal.
c. Ascending.
d. descending.
e. Lateral
3. A polyp was found in the distal part of the large intestine of the patient at the
examination. Determine the localization of the polyp.
a. Rectum
b. Colon descendes
c. Caecum
d. Colon sigmoideum
e. Colon transversum
4. The injured of 27 years old was delivered to the surgical department with a
penetrating wound in the left lateral region of the abdomen. What part of the colon is
most likely to be damaged?
a. Colon transversus
b. Colon descendens
c. Rectum
d. Colon ascendens
e. Caecum
5. Injury to the right half of the abdomen happens. What part of the colon is most likely
to be damaged?
a. descending colon
b. Ascending colon.
c. Sigmoid colon.
d. Transverse colon.
e. rectum
6. The surgeon found an intestine that has epiploic appendages, teniae and haustrae
during a surgical intervention on the abdominal organs. What is this gut unit?
a. colon
b. duodenum
c. rectum
d. jejunum
e. ileum
7. a patient has appendicitis, his appendix is in the retrocecal position. With the
inflammation of which organs should a differential diagnosis be performed?
a. Ovary
b. Stomach
c. Liver.
d. rectum
e. Kidney.
8. The surgeon detected that patient felt pain in right inguinal region. Which organs are
affected?
a. ascending colon, kidney
b. Appendix, cecum
c. rectum and cecum
d. The pancreas and duodenum
e. The duodenum, small intestine
9. The patient complains of pain in the right inguinal area. Palpation reveals soft,
movable, painful gut. Which gut does the doctor palpate?
a. The ascending colon
b. cecum
c. rectum
d. jejunum
e. Sigmoid
10. The patient complains of pain in the right lateral part of the abdomen. A palpation
revealed dense, motionless, tumorous formation. In which area of the colon is a
tumor located?
a. colon descendens
b. Colon sigmoideum
c. Colon transversum
d. Colon ascendens
e. Caecum
11. The patient was diagnosed with a tumor of the anal canal of rectum. How is this
department of rectum located in the peritoneum?
a. Intra and partly mezaperitonally
b. Intraperitoneally
c. Intra and partly extraperitoneally
d. Extraperitoneally
e. Mezaperitoneally
12. A patient has acute appendicitis, which is similar to hepatic colic according to
clinical manifestations. What position of the appendix is possible?
a. Medial.
b. lateral
c. descending.
d. Ascending.
e. Rentrocecal.
13. the pediatrician noticed the absence of an act of defecation in the newborn child of
the first day. What defect of the development is this fact talking about?
a. Diverticulum of the esophagus.
b. atresia of anal canal
c. atresia of the esophagus.
d. Diverticulum of the jejunum.
e. cleft lip.
14. A patient of 18 years of age has an atypical clinical picture of acute appendicitis:
acute pain appears in the right lumbar region. Which type of localization of the
appendix can be supposed:
a. Lateral.
b. Retrocecal retroperitoneal.
c. Medial.
d. descending.
e. ascending.
15. The surgical department accepted a patient with symptoms of acute appendicitis, but
sharp pains during palpation are observed on the left and not on the right (in the
standard pain points of Mac Burnay and Lance). The operation revealed an intact
(healthy) appendix. The surgeon made an inspection of the ileum, and the diagnosis
became clear. What is the diagnosis of a patient?
a. Intestinal obstruction.
b. Inflammation of the ovary .
c. -
d. Inverted position of visceral organs
e. Inflammation of the Meckel diverticulum.
12. У хворої 53-х років внаслідок тупої травми живота діагностований розрив
печінки. У якому анатомічному утворенні збереться кров, що вилилася?
a. Правий брижовий синус.
b. Міхурово-маткове заглиблення.
c. Лівий брижовий синус.
d. Сальникова сумка.
e. Прямокишково-маткове заглиблення.
16. У хворого чоловіка віком 35 років діагностовано виразка задньої стінки шлунка.
Хворий скаржиться на біль в епігастральній ділянці, загальну слабкість,
підвищення температури тіла. Запалення очеревини якої ділянки ймовірно?
a. Передшлункова сумка.
b. Чепцева сумка.
c. Лівий брижовий синус.
d. Правий брижовий синус.
e. Печінкова сумка.
31. У пацієнтки 50 років діагностовано абсцес правої долі печінки. Запалення якої
ділянки очеревини буде спостерігатися?
a. Печінкова сумка.
b. Лівий брижовий синус.
c. Правий брижовий синус.
d. Передшлункова сумка.
e. Чепцева сумка.
33. Під час операції, маніпулюючи в ділянці між шлунком та печінкою, хірург
остерігався пошкодити печінково-дванадцятипалу зв’язку, тому що там
знаходиться:
a. Спільна жовчна протока, спільна печінква артерія, ворітна вена печінки.
b. Власна печінкова артерія, шлунково-дванадцятипала артерія.
c. Спільна жовчна протока, власна печінкова артерія, ворітна вена.
d. Нижня порожниста вена, міхурова протока.
e. Ворітна вена печінки, печінкові вени.
2. The surgeon was careful to avoid damaging of the hepatoduodenal ligament during
the operation, manipulating in the area between the stomach and the liver, because
there are:
a. Inferior vena cava, cystic duct.
b. Bile duct, common hepatic artery, portal vein of the liver.
c. Bile duct, proper hepatic artery, portal vein.
d. The portal vein, hepatic veins.
e. Proper hepatic artery, gastroduodenal artery.
3. А patient of 45 years has perforated ulcer of the posterior wall of the stomach. Where
will the content of the stomach be detected?
a. The left lateral canal.
b. Pregastric bursa.
c. The hepatic bursa.
d. Superior duodenal recess.
e. Omental bursa.
4. A patient with a perforated ulcer of the posterior wall of the stomach was delivered to
the hospital. What part of the peritoneum should the surgeon carefully inspect
during surgery?
a. Pregastric bursa.
b. Right mesenteric sinus.
c. Omental bursa.
d. Subhepatic bursa.
e. Left lateral canal.
5. A man was taken to the trauma department with a closed injury of right part of
abdomen and suspected rupture of the liver. In which of mentioned peritoneal
formations one should expect the presence of blood?
a. Excavatio rectovesicalis.
b. Bursa omentalis.
c. Recessus duodenalis inferior.
d. Recessus intersigmoideus.
e. Fossa ischio-analis.
6. A patient of 50 years has been diagnosed with an abscess of the right lobe of the
liver. What part of peritoneum will be affected by inflammation?
a. Left mesenteric sinus.
b. Right mesenteric sinus.
c. Hepatic bursa.
d. Pregastric bursa.
e. Omental bursa.
7. The patient has been diagnosed with a bleeding ulcer of the posterior wall of the
stomach. After the middle laparotomic section of the abdominal wall the surgeon
must perform a revision of the posterior wall of the stomach. What ligament of a
stomach should be cut in this case?
a. Gastrophrenic.
b. Gastrosplenic.
c. Hepatogastric.
d. Hepatoduodenal.
e. Gastrocolic.
8. Surgical care is provided to the victim with the stab wound of anterior wall of the
stomach. Where did the the content of the stomach get?
a. In the right mesenteric canal.
b. In a hepatic bag.
c. In pregastric bursa.
d. In the left mesenteric canal.
e. In omental bursa.
9. A revision of the omental bursa is performed, since the pancreas forms one of its
walls in acute destructive pancreatitis. Which wall?
a. Left.
b. Anterior.
c. Posterior.
d. Inferior.
e. Superior.
10. A patient of 45 years old was hospitalized in a surgical department with complaints
of sudden acute pain in the epigastric region. After the examination the diagnosis is
established; it was a perforated ulcer of the posterior wall of the stomach. Where did
the stomach content pour out at the time of perforation?
a. In omental bursa.
b. In pregastric bursa.
c. In the right mesenteric sinus.
d. In hepatic bursa.
e. In the left mesenteric sinus.
11. The patient has purulent inflammation of the gall bladder. In what part of the
peritoneal cavity will the pus enter in case of rupture of the gall bladder in its typical
position?
a. Omental and hepatic bursa.
b. Left lateral canal and omental bursa.
c. Hepatic and pregastric bursa.
d. Pregastric bursa and mesenteric sinus.
e. Superior duodenal recess and omental bursa.
12. The admission department of the city hospital received a patient with signs of
peritonitis. It is known from the history of the disease that the patient suffered from
peptic ulcer with localization of ulcers on the posterior wall of the stomach during 12
years. Diagnosis is Perforation of the ulcer of the stomach. Where can stomach
content get in this case?
a. Omental bursa.
b. Pregastric bursa.
c. Left lateral canal.
d. Right lateral canal.
e. Hepatic bursa.
13. A patient has destructive appendicitis, that was complicated by subphrenic abscess.
In which peritoneal formation is it localized?
a. Right lateral canal.
b. Left lateral canal.
c. Hepatic bursa.
d. Pregastric bursa.
e. Omental bursa.
14. А patient of 40 years old has perforated ulcer of the anterior wall of the stomach.
Where will the content of the stomach be detected?
a. Pregastric bursa.
b. The hepatic bursa.
c. Omental bursa.
d. The left lateral canal.
e. Superior duodenal recess.
15. The patient was diagnosed with one of the necrotic forms of acute pancreatitis. In
which of the peritoneal spaces is transudate spreading immediately?
a. Subhepatic bursa.
b. Left lateral canal.
c. Right lateral canal.
d. Pregastric bursa.
e. Omental bursa.
16. A sick person has perforated ulcer of the horizontal part of the duodenum. Within
which area will the inflammatory process be localized?
a. Right mesenteric sinus.
b. Left lateral canal.
c. Omental bursa.
d. Left mesenteric sinus.
e. Right lateral canal.
17. The doctor should determine the common hepatic duct while performing surgical
intervention on the gall bladder. In which anatomical formation of peritoneum is it
located?
a. Lig. hepatoduodenale.
b. Lig. gastrocolicum.
c. Lig. hepatorenale.
d. Lig. duodenorenale.
e. Lig. hepatogastricum.
18. Which organ of the abdominal cavity may undergo surgical intervention without
cutting the peritoneum?
a. Spleen.
b. Liver.
c. Urinary bladder.
d. Intestine.
e. Stomach.
19. A patient of 35 years was diagnosed with the ulcer of the posterior wall of the
stomach. The patient complains of pain in the epigastric area, the general weakness,
increase in body temperature. Inflammation of which area of the peritoneum is likely
to appear?
a. Pregastric bursa.
b. Hepatic bursa.
c. Right mesenteric sinus.
d. Left mesenteric sinus.
e. Omental bursa.
20. The patient of 40 years old has perforation of the ulcer of the posterior wall of the
stomach. To which anatomical formation will blood and stomach content spread?
a. Subhepatic bursa.
b. Right lateral canal.
c. Omental bursa.
d. Left lateral canal.
e. Pregastric bursa.
21. The first surgical aid is given to the victim with the injury of the anterior wall of the
stomach. In what bursa will the content of stomach get?
a. Hepatic bursa.
b. Omental bursa.
c. Pregastric bursa.
d. Right mesenteric sinus.
e. Left mesenteric sinus.
23. A patient of 53 years has a blunt abdominal trauma resulting in liver rupture. In what
anatomical formation will the blood be accumulated?
a. Right mesenteric sinus.
b. Omental bursa.
c. Left mesenteric sinus.
d. Rectouterine pouch.
e. Vesicouterine pouch.
24. A man of 40 years is hospitalized to a surgical department with a diagnosis of spleen
rupture. In which anatomical formation will blood be accumulated?
a. Right lateral canal.
b. Hepatic bursa.
c. Pregastric bursa.
d. Rectovesical pouch.
e. Omental bursa.
25. In case of penetrating wound of the anterior abdominal wall the wound canal passed
over the small curvature of the stomach. What kind of peritoneal formation is most
damaged most of all?
a. Ligamentum hepatogastricum.
b. Ligamentum hepatoduoduodenale.
c. Ligamentum hepatorenale.
d. Ligamentum gastrocolicum.
e. Ligamentum triangulare sinistrum.
26. A patient of 27 years has been diagnosed with purulent inflammation of the
gallbladder. What part of the peritoneal cavity will pus enter during the rupture of the
gall bladder in its typical position?
a. Omental bursa.
b. Hepatic bursa.
c. Pregastric bursa.
d. Left lateral canal.
e. Right lateral canal.
27. A patient of 48 years is diagnosed with an abscess of the left lobe of the liver. The
spreading of inflammation can lead to peritonitis. The inflammation of which part of
peritoneum will be observed?
a. Pregastric bursa.
b. Right mesenteric sinus.
c. Left mesenteric sinus.
d. Hepatic.
e. Omental.
28. A patient of 27 years has purulent inflammation of the gall bladder. Determine, which
department of the abdominal cavity will the pus enter during the rupture of the gall
bladder in its typical location.
a. The hepatic bursa
b. Right mesenteric sinus.
c. Left mesenteric sinus.
d. Hepatic.
e. Omental.
29. The patient came with complaints of bandaging pain in the epigastric area, which
occurs during taking fat, spicy, fried food. Diagnosis is pancreatitis. In what region of
the anterior abdominal wall may the pancreas be palpated?
a. Epigastric and left subcostal.
b. Umbilical.
c. Right lateral.
d. Left lateral.
e. Epigastric and right subcostal.
30. A 65-year-old woman has been diagnosed with a tumor of the ascending part of the
colon. Which part of peritoneum will be affected as a result of failure of tumor?
a. Right mesenteric sinus.
b. Omental bursa.
c. Hepatic bursa.
d. Pregastric bursa.
e. Left mesenteric sinus.
31. The rupture of a spleen is established in a victim with an abdominal trauma. In what
bursa of peritoneum will the flowing blood get?
a. Left mesenteric sinus.
b. Omental.
c. Right mesenteric sinus.
d. Hepatic.
e. Pregastric.
32. A localized abscess was found near the root of sigmoid mesocolon during revision
of the abdominal cavity of the patient with peritonitis. In which fossa of peritoneum is
an abscess located?
a. Right mesenteric sinus.
b. Left mesenteric sinus.
c. Right lateral canal.
d. Intersigmoid recess.
e. Left lateral canal.
33. A patient with signs of jaundice, caused by the overlapping of the bile duct with a
stone, was delivered to the surgical department of the hospital. In what peritoneal
formation should a physician penetrate during surgical intervention to cut the bile
duct?
a. In hepatoduodenal ligament.
b. In hepatogastric ligament.
c. In the superior omental recess.
d. In the gastrocolicum lig.
e. In the inferior omental recess.
34. The patient undergoes surgery because of liver injury and hemorrhage in the hepatic
bursa. What is the border between these bursae, that prevents penetration of blood
into the pregastric bursa?
a. Falciform ligament.
b. Left triangular lig.
c. Right triangular lig.
d. Coronary ligament.
e. Round lig.
35. The patient is diagnosed with an ulcer of the anterior wall of the stomach.
Inflammation of which area of the peritoneum is likely to develop?
a. Pregastric bursa.
b. Left mesenteric sinus.
c. Hepatic.
d. Omental.
e. Right mesenteric sinus.
36. A man of 69 years old has been diagnosed with a tumor of the descending part of the
colon. Which part of peritoneum will be affected as a result of failure of tumor?
a. Right mesenteric sinus.
b. Pregastric bursa.
c. Left mesenteric sinus.
d. Hepatic bursa.
e. Omental bursa.
37. A rupture of the liver was diagnosed in the patient T. of 53 years old; it was as a
result of blunt trauma of the abdomen. In what peritoneal cavity formation is the
blood collected?
a. Right mesenteric sinus.
b. Rectouterine pouch.
c. Left mesenteric sinus.
d. Vesicouterine pouch.
e. Omental bursa.
17. Дитина віком 1, 5 місяці відмовляється від груді. При огляді: дитина неспокійна,
утруднене носове дихання, є незначні слизові виділення з носа. Температура
тіла нормальна. Які анатомічні особливості будови носової порожнини дітей
раннього віку можуть сприяти утрудненню носового дихання?
A. Вузькість носових ходів.
B. Відсутність нижнього носового ходу.
C. Недостатній розвиток приносових пазух.
D. Звивисті носові ходи.
E. Недостатній розвиток хоан.
21. У хворого пухлина в ділянці верхнього носового ходу. Порушення яких функцій
можна очікувати?
A. Порушення нюху.
B. Порушення слиновідділення.
C. Порушення смаку.
D. Порушення слуху.
E. Порушення ковтання.
3. The patient has a frontitis. it is known from anamnesis that he had inflammation of the
maxillary sinus. Through which part of the nasal cavity infection could reach the
frontal sinus?
A. Middle nasal meatus.
B. Superior nasal meatus.
C. Inferior nasal meatus.
D. Vestibule of nose.
E. Shpenoethmoid recess.
4. A patient has prolonged inflammation of the mucous membrane of the nasal cavity, so
the symptoms of affection of the maxillary sinus (sinusitis) appeared. Through which
formation of the nasal cavity did the infection spread?
A. Maxillary hiatus.
B. Ethmoid infundibulum.
C. Sphenopalatine foramen.
D. Sphenoethmoid recess.
E. Ethmoid cells.
5. Patient experienced difficulty in nasal breathing, fever, headaches, sore throat,
painfull palpation in the fossa canina on the right after acute respiratory infection.
Inflammation of which sinuses might complicate the disease?
A. Sinus maxillaris dexter.
B. Sinus frontalis dexter.
C. Sinus sphenoidalis dexter.
D. Cellulae ethmoidales anteriores.
E. Cellulae ethmoidales posteriores.
6. Patient has inflammation of the mucous membrane of the frontal sinus. To which of
the listed formations will the inflammatory fluid travel?
A. Middle nasal meatus.
B. Superior nasal meatus.
C. Inferior nasal meatus.
D. Choans.
E. Infratemporal fossa.
7. The doctor diagnosed inflammation of the maxillary sinuses during the examination
of patient. In which nasal meatus was a pus found during rhinoscopy?
A. Middle.
B. Superior.
C. Inferior.
D. Common.
E. The highest.
8. The patient of 28 years old has the acute inflammatory process of the mucous
membrane of the nasolacrimal duct. it became known from anamnesis that after an
influenza that lasted for 10 days there was discharging from the nose. From which
part of the nasal cavity could the infection penetrate into nasolacrimal duct?
A. From the inferior nasal meatus.
B. From the middle nasal meatus.
C. From superior nasal meatus.
D. From the vestibule.
E. From the frontal sinus.
10. Patient has inflammation of the sphenoidal sinus. Where does its aperture open?
A. Recessus sphenoethmoidalis.
B. Infundibulum.
C. Meatus nasi medius.
D. Meatus nasi inferior.
E. Meatus nasi communis.
11.A 35-year-old patient came to hospital with complaints of runny nose and headache
lasting for 5 days. He was diagnosed with sinusitis (inflammation of the maxillary
sinus) after the examination. Through which nasal meatus did the infection penetrate
into the sinuses?
A. Middle.
B. Superior.
C. Inferior.
D. Common.
E. Nasopharyngeal duct.
12. The patient of 25 years old turned to hospital with complaints of runny nose and
headache lasting for 4 days. He was diagnosed with a frontitis after the examination.
Through which nasal meatus did the infection get the frontal sinus?
A. Middle.
B. Superior.
C. Inferior.
D. Common.
E. Nasopharyngeal duct.
13. The patient of 35 years old came to the doctor with complaints of severe cold and
loss of smell during the week. Examination revealed a large amount of mucus that
covers the mucous membrane of the nasal cavity and blocks the olfactory receptors.
Where are these receptors situated in the nasal cavity?
A. Superior nasal concha.
B. Middle nasal concha.
C. Inferior nasal concha.
D. Common nasal meatus.
E. Vestibule of nose.
15. Patient has inflammation of the nasolacrimal duct. Through which anatomical
formation can an infection get nasal cavity?
A. Inferior nasal meatus.
B. Superior nasal meatus.
C. Middle nasal meatus.
D. Vestibule of nose.
E. Sphenoethmoid recess.
16. The ENT department received a patient with a diagnosis of inflammatory process in
the frontal and maxillary sinus. In which of these mentioned areas will exudate from
these sinuses release?
A. In the middle nasal meatus.
B. In the superior nasal.
C. In the inferior nasal meatus.
D. In the vedtibule.
E. In choans.
17.A child of 1. 5 months refuses to drink breast milk. Examination revealed that the
child is restless, has difficulty in nasal breathing, and there is a slight mucous
discharging from the nose. Body temperature is normal. What are the anatomical
features of the structure of the nasal cavity of young children, that can contribute to
the difficulty of nasal breathing?
A. Narrowness of the nasal meatus.
B. Lack of inferior nasal meatus.
C. Insucient development of the sinuses.
D. Winding nasal meatus.
E. Inadequate development of choans.
18. Radiological examination established darkening in the region of the maxillary sinus
on the right, indicating the presence of pus. In what nasal meatus will pathological
fluid release?
A. Right middle nasal meatus.
B. Right inferior.
C. Right superior.
D. Right common nasal meatus.
E. The highest right nasal meatus.
19. The patient has purulent inflammation of the sphenoidal sinus. In what part of the
nasal cavity is pus flowing?
A. Meatus nasi medius.
B. Meatus nasi superior.
C. –.
D. Meatus nasi communis.
E. Meatus nasi inferior.
20. A 35-year-old patient came to a doctor with complaints of severe cold and loss of
smell during the week. Objectively: there is a large amount of mucus covering the
mucous membrane and blocking the olfactory receptors in the nasal cavity. Where
are these receptors in situated in the nasal cavity?
A. Superior nasal concha.
B. Vestibule.
C. Middle nasal concha.
D. Inferior nasal concha.
E. Common nasal meatus.
21. Patient's tumor in the area of the superior nasal meatus. violations of which functions
can be expected?
A. Violation of the sense of smell.
B. Violation of salivation.
C. Disturbance of taste.
D. Impairment of hearing.
E. Disturbance of swallowing.
10. Будова гортані, трахеї. Їх розвиток, топографія і функція.
1. При виконанні столярних робіт працівник випадково вдихнув предмет кулястої
форми біля 0, 5 см в діаметрі, що викликало реакцію у вигляді сильного кашлю.
Подразнення якого відділу дихальних шляхів мало місце?
a. Трахеї.
b. Гортані нижче голосових зв'язок.
c. Лівого головного бронха.
d. Гортані вище голосових зв'язок.
e. Правого головного бронха
2. У хворих різних вікових груп (діти, дорослі, старечий вік) залежно від рівня розсікання
кілець трахеї використовують верхню, середню чи нижню трахеостомію (введення
дихальної трубки між кільцями трахеї). Яка анатомічна структура є орієнтиром для
вибору однієї з трьох видів трахеостомії?
a. Виступ гортані (кадик).
b. Кут груднини (кут Людовіка).
c. Яремна вирізка груднини.
d. Перешийок щитоподібної залози.
e. Під’язикова кістка.
8. У хворого діагностовано пухлину гортані, яка здавлює правий нижній гортанний нерв.
Найбільше постраждав правий черпакувато-надгортанний м’яз. Яка функція
надгортанника буде виконуватися в неповному обсязі?
a. Закриття входу в гортань під час ковтання.
b. Відкриття входу в гортань та розширення присінка гортані.
c. Розширення просвіту гортанної частини глотки під час ковтання.
d. Звуження просвіту гортанної частини глотки.
e. Розширення просвіту шийної частини стравоходу під час ковтання.
10. До лікарні доставлена 3-річна дитина. Мама впевнена, що вона 30 хв назад вдихнула
невелику горошину, після чого з’явився безперервний кашель і симптоми
ускладненого дихання. Гострий стеноз (гостра задуха) відсутня і функція
голосоутворення не порушена. Лікар запідозрив, що інородне тіло знаходиться в
гортані. В якій частині порожнини гортані вірогідно всього знаходиться інородне
тіло?
a. На рівні голосової щілини.
b. У надгортанних долинках (valleculae epiglotticae).
c. Тільки в шлуночках гортані (Морган’ї).
d. Тільки в присінку гортані.
e. У присінку гортані, включаючи шлуночки гортані (Морган’ї).
13. До клініки ургентно доставлена 5-річна дитина з ознаками гострої асфіксії (гострої
задухи) та повної афонії (відсутності голосу). Мама припускає, що дитина могла
вдихнути кавунову насінину. Лікар запідозрив, що інородне тіло знаходиться на рівні
голосової щілини. Що спричинило гостру асфіксію і повну афонію?
a. Одночасний спазм голосових, поперечного черпакуватого та бічних песне-черпакуватих
м’язів, що призвело до розслаблення голосових зв’язок і змикання голосових складок.
b. Спазм тільки задніх песне-черпакуватих м’язів, що призвело до розслаблення голосових
зв’язок і змикання голосових складок.
c. Спазм тільки щито-надгортанного м’язу, що призвело до розслаблення голосових зв’язок і
змикання голосових складок.
d. Спазм тільки черпакувато-надгортанного м’язів, що призвело до розслаблення голосових
зв’язок і змикання голосових складок.
e. Одночасний спазм задніх та бічних песне-черпакуватих м’язів, що призвело до
розслаблення голосових зв’язок і змикання голосових складок.
1. A 5-year-old child with signs of acute asphyxia and total aphonia (no voice) is delivered
urgently to the clinic. Mom suggests that the child could inhale the water-melon seed. The
doctor suspected that the foreign body is at the level of trough of glottis. What caused
acute asphyxia and total aphonia?
a. Spasm of only aryepiglottic muscle, which led to relaxation of vocal ligaments and closing of
vocal folds
b. Spasm of only thyroepiglottic muscle, which led to relaxation of vocal ligaments and closing of
vocal folds
c. Simultaneous spasm of the posterior and lateral cricoarytenoid muscles, which led to relaxation
of vocal ligaments and closing of vocal folds
d. Spasm of only posterior cricoarytenoid muscles, which led to relaxation of vocal ligaments and
closing of vocal folds
e. Simultaneous spasm of vocal, transverse arytenoid and lateral cricoarytenoid muscles, which
led to relaxation of vocal ligaments and closing of vocal folds
2. When performing carpentry, the worker accidentally inhaled a round object of about 0.5 cm
in diameter; it caused reaction in the form of a strong cough. Irritation of which part of
respiratory tract has occurred?
a. Left principal bronchus
b. larynx above vocal ligaments
c. larynx below vocal ligaments
d. Right principal bronchus
e. Trachea
3. An ENT doctor addressed the patient with complaints of changes in the voice. A tumor was
detected within the posterior part of rima vocalis during the examination. Between which
laryngeal cartilages is this department situsted?
a. Cartilago cuneiformis.
b. Cartilago thyroidea-
c. Cartilago cricoidea.
d. Cartilago corniculata.-
e. Cartilago arytenoidea.
4. When performing tracheostomy (insertion of the respiratory tube between the rings of the
trachea), it is necessary to bring the larynx and trachea closer to the anterior surface of the
neck as close as possible. Taking into account the anatomical structure of the larynx and
trachea and their topography, which position of the patient's body should be used and
under what structure it is necessary to lay a roll (twisted piece of cloth)?
a. The patient is on the right side, and the roll is placed under the thoracic cage
b. The patient is on the left side, and the roll is placed under the thoracic cage -
c. The patient is lying on the back, and the roll is placed under the occipital bone, so that mental
protuberance of the mandible touches the chest
d. Raise the patient's pelvis, so that the head is located lower
e. The patient lays on the back, and the roll is placed under the shoulders, so that the head is
turned back
5. A 3-year-old child has been delivered to the hospital. Mom is confident that kid inhaled a
small pea 30 minutes ago, and then there was a continuous cough and symptoms of
difficulty in breathing. Acute stenosis (acute shortness of breath) is absent and vocal
function is not violated. The doctor suspected that the foreign body is in the larynx. In what
part of laryngeal cavity is foreign body likely to be the most?
a. At the level of the trough of glottis-
b. Only in vestibule of the larynx -
c. In epiglottic valeculae (valleculae epiglotticae)-
d. Only in laryngeal ventricles
e. In the vestibule of the larynx, including the ventricles of the larynx
6. The surgeon starts surgical interventions in the anterior cervical area. What cartilages of
larynx are important external mark in this area of the neck?
a. Thyroid and arytenoid cartilages -
b. Only thyroid cartilage
c. Cricoid and arytenoid cartilages
d. Only cricoid cartilage
e. Thyroid and cricoid cartilages
7. A 35-year-old man with a purulent wound of the neck in front of the trachea (in the area of
the previsceral space) came to the surgeon. Where can infections spread, if the surgical
intervention is not immediately performed?
a. In the posterior mediastinum
b. In the anterior mediastinum
c. In the retrovisceral space
d. In the suprasternal interaponeurotic space
e. In the middle mediastinum
8. Depending on the level of tracheal cutting, the upper, middle and lower tracheostomy
(inserting of the respiratory tube between the tracheal rings) is used in patients from
different age groups (children, adults, old age). What anatomical structure is the
benchmark for choosing one of three types of tracheostomy?
a. The angle of sternum
b. os hyoideum
c. jugular notch
d. laryngeal prominence -
e. Isthmus of thyroid gland
10. A woman has trauma of the thyroid and cricoid cartilages. As a result, the act of swallowing
was violated. Which one of the listed muscles has suffered?
a. Middle constrictor of pharynx
b. inferior constrictor of pharynx
c. palatopharyngeal muscle
d. stylopharyngeal muscle
e. superior constrictor of pharynx
11. The patient has been diagnosed with inflammation of the mucous membrane of the larynx.
How is the inflammatory process called due to anatomical nomenclature?
a. Pharyngitis
b. Mediastinitis
c. Bronchitis
d. Pneumonia
e. Laryngitis
12. The patient was diagnosed with tumor of the larynx, which presses the right inferior
laryngeal nerve. Aryepiglottic muscle suffered the most. Which function of the epiglottis
will be performed incompletely?
a. Enlargement of the lumen of laryngeal part of pharynx during swallowing
b. Closing aperture of the larynx during swallowing
c. Enlargement of the lumen of the cervical part of the esophagus during swallowing
d. Narrowing of the lumen of laryngeal part of pharynx
e. Opening aperture of the larynx and enlarging the vestibule of the larynx
13. During the reckless performing of tracheostomy the scalpel blade passed deeper into the
membranous wall of the trachea. by the wound of which organ is tracheostomy
complicated?
a. thymus
b. Esophagus
c. Spinal cord
d. Right principal bronchus
e. The left lobe of the thyroid gland
14. Під час операції у пацієнта було видалено частину легені, яка вентилюється
бронхом третього порядка, що супроводжується гілками легеневої артерії та
інших судин. Яка частина легені була видалена?
a. Сегмент легені.
b. Нижня частка.
c. Середня частка.
d. Легенева часточка.
e. Верхня частка.
1. During X-ray examination, a patient in anti-TB dispensary has been diagnosed with a
tumor in the right lung. During surgery, the surgeon removed the middle part of the
right lung, which includes:
a. Segmentum lingualare superius et inferius.
b. Segmentum anterius et segmentum apicale.
c. Segmentum laterale et segmentum mediale.
d. Segmentum apicale (superius) et segmentum basale mediale.
e. Segmentum basale anterius et posterius.
4. During the examination of the patient aged 67 years the X-ray revealed a tumor of the
middle part of the right lung. What segments are located in this lobe?
a. Anterior and superior basic.
b. Apical, anterior.
c. Superior lingular, inferior lingular.
d. Medial, lateral.
e. Apicoposterior, anterior.
5. A patient aged 45 years old, was hospitalized with complaints of high temperature,
pain in breathing, breathlessness and coughing. After the examination, laboratory
and X-ray study the diagnosis was made - pleurisy. To evacuate the exudate, a
pleural puncture was prescribed. Where is the largest amount of exudate located in
the pleural cavity?
a. Under the dome of the pleura.
b. Diaphragmatic-mediastinal sinus.
c. Costomediastinal sinus.
d. Costodiaphragmatic sinus.
e. Under the root of the lungs.
6. The patient with complaints of hemoptysis, sweating was hospitalized into the clinic.
X-ray detected the focus of tuberculosis in the upper lobe of the right lung. Operation
is necessary. How many segments could be removed as part of the upper lobe?
a. 5.
b. 3.
c. 1.
d. 2.
e. 4.
7. During the operation of the right lobectomy, the surgeon went to the root of the right
lung to its separate isolation and the processing of its components. Indicate the
order of placement of the elements of the right lung root with which the doctor will
meet while separation and processing in the down from the top direction?
a. Diaphragmatic nerve, bronchus, bronchial artery and vein.
b. Bronchus, pulmonary artery, pulmonary veins.
c. Bronchus, pulmonary artery, diaphragmatic nerve.
d. Pulmonary vein, pulmonary artery, bronchus.
e. Pulmonary artery, bronchus, pulmonary veins.
8. A patient aged 37 years old, suffers from tuberculosis of the lungs since childhood.
He was recommended an operation. During the operation, the middle lobe of the
right lung was removed. Which segments have been removed?
a. Superior lingular and inferior lingular.
b. Lateral and medial.
c. Superior and anterior.
d. Medial basal and lateral basal.
e. Posterior and anterior.
9. The patient of 50 years with lung cancer was performed the right lobectomy
(removal) of the upper lobe of the lungs. How many segments have been removed
during such an operation?
a. Three segments.
b. Two segments.
c. No segment.
d. Five segments.
e. Four segments.
10. The child inhaled the button. What organ is more likely has it got into?
a. Right major bronchus.
b. Trachea.
c. Left major bronchus.
d. Esophagus.
e. Larynx.
11. Patient has been diagnosed with right-side partial pneumonia of the medial and
lateral segments. What part of the lungs do they belong to?
a. To the middle.
b. To the superior left.
c. To the inferior left.
d. To the superior right.
e. To the inferior right.
12. In a patient, the physician discovered the accumulation of fluid in the pleural cavity
on the right over the dome of the diaphragm. In what anatomical education has
accumulated liquid?
a. Costodiaphragmatic right sinus.
b. Costomediastinal sinus.
c. –.
d. Costodiaphragmatic left sinus.
e. Diaphragmatic-mediastinal sinus.
13. Patient B. 44 years old was hospitalized in the therapeutic department with a
diagnosis: right-side pleurisy. The examination of the patient confirmed the presence
of fluid in the pleural cavity. In what sinus of the pleura there is the largest
accumulation of serous fluid?
a. Right costomediastinal.
b. Left costomediastinal.
c. Right costodiaphragmatic.
d. Left diaphragmatic-mediastinal.
e. Right diaphragmatic-mediastinal.
14. Patient’s inflammation of the lungs was complicated by exudative pleurisy. In which
of the listed anatomical formations can fluid accumulate?
a. Recesus (sinus) phrenicomediastinalis pleurae.
b. Recesus (sinus) costomediastinalis pleurae.
c. Recesus (sinus) obliquus pericardii.
d. Recesus (sinus) costodiaphragmaticus pleurae.
e. Recesus (sinus) transversus pericardii.
15. In the patient, during the computer tomography of the thoracic cavity, the tumor of
the posterior lower mediastinum was diagnosed. Which of the following structures is
compressed by the tumor?
a. Arcus aortae.
b. Vena cava superior.
c. N. phrenicus.
d. Aorta thoracica.
e. Trachea.
16. A patient with a knife wound of the chest on the right and pneumothorax (penetration
of air into the pleural cavity) was admitted to the surgical department. Using the
percussion, it was found that lower edge of the right lung along the midclavicular
line rose to the level of the third rib. Where normally it should be studied?
a. VI rib.
b. V rib.
c. VIII rib.
d. VII rib.
e. IX rib.
17. A 3-year-old child was admitted to the hospital with a foreign body in the bronchi.
Which bronchus did the foreign body get most likely in?
a. In the right segmental bronchus.
b. In the lobular bronchus.
c. In the left main bronchus.
d. In the left segmental bronchus.
e. In the right main bronchus.
18. During the operation, a part of the lung was removed, which is ventilated by a tertiary
bronchus, accompanied by branches of the pulmonary artery and other vessels.
What part of the lung was removed?
a. Middle lobe.
b. Upper lobe.
c. Segment of the lung.
d. Pulmonary lobule.
e. Lower lobe.
19. The patient is diagnosed with left-sided segmental pneumonia. In what segment of
the lung is the pathological process localized, if additional respiratory noises
(crepitation) are heard to the left, from the back side, at the level of VII-X ribs.
a. Inferior lingular.
b. Posterior basal.
c. Medial basal.
d. Lateral basal.
e. Anterior basal.
20. A patient with a tumor located in the middle lobe of the right lung was hospitalized
into the clinic. Operation is recommended. What is the largest number of segments
could be removed as part of this lobe?
a. 2.
b. 4.
c. 1.
d. 3.
e. 5.
21. The patient was admitted to the department with an attack of suffocation caused by
spasm of smooth muscles of the respiratory tract. Name the parts of airways, the
change of state of which, in general, caused this attack:
a. Bronchi of middle caliber.
b. Bronchi of large caliber.
c. Terminal bronchioles.
d. Bronchi of small caliber.
e. Respiratory department.
22. It is necessary to perform the puncture of the pleural cavity in a patient. In what part
of the intercostal space one should introduce a needle?
a. In the middle part of the intercostal space at an even distance from the edges of
neighboring ribs.
b. In the posterior part of the intercostal space, along the lower edge of the rib.
c. In the upper part of the intercostal space, along the lower edge of the rib.
d. In the lower part of the intercostal space, along the upper edge of the rib.
e. In the anterior part of the intercostal space, in the middle between the edges of adjacent
ribs.
23. The patient, 10 years old, was admitted to the clinic. He swallowed a peanut before,
and then there was a continuous cough and symptoms of difficult breathing. Voice
creation function is not affected. Where most likely there could be this foreign body?
a. Trachea.
b. Rima vestibuli.
c. Rima glottidis.
d. Left main bronchus.
e. Right main bronchus.
24. The patient is performed pulmonectomy because of the lung cancer. After dissection
of the mediastinal pleura, first of all it is necessary to secure the pulmonary veins in
order to reduce the possibility of tumor cell dissemination. In order to avoid the
mistake, the surgeon should mention the placement of the anatomical formations of
the root of the right lung (in the direction from the down from the top).
a. Artery, veins, bronchus.
b. Bronchus, veins, artery.
c. Artery, bronchus, veins.
d. Bronchus, artery, veins.
e. Veins, artery, bronchus.
5. При оглядi хворого хiрург встановив поранення в областi двох верхнiх третин
правої нирки. Цiлiснiсть якого органу слiд перевiрити при цьому, беручи до
уваги синтопiю правої нирки?
a. Шлунок.
b. Пiдшлункова залоза.
c. Низхiдна ободова кишка.
d. Тонка кишка.
e. Печiнка.
10. Хворий скаржиться на різкі болі в лівій поперековій ділянці. Болі ріжучого
характеру при сечовипусканні. При обстеженні йому було поставлено діагноз
сечокам'яна хвороба. Визначте найбільш ймовірну локалізацію каменя?
a. Малі чашечки, мозкова речовина.
b. Кіркова речовина, піраміди.
c. Миска, кіркова речовина.
d. Миска, мозкова речовина.
e. Миска, великі чашечки.
11. У чоловiка 43-х рокiв з видаленою ниркою були виявленi симптоми анемiї. Що
зумовило появу цих симптомiв?
a. Нестача залiза.
b. Зниження синтезу еритропоетинiв.
c. Пiдвищене руйнування еритроцитiв.
d. Нестача вiтамiну B12.
e. Нестача фолiєвої кислоти.
1. After a significant weight loss in a man aged 70 years, dull aches in the lumbar
region appeared. During the examination there was made a diagnosis: " Hypermobile
kidney ". What part of the kidney fixing apparatus was most likely affected?
a. Capsula fibrosa.
b. Lig. hepatorenalis.
c. Capsula adiposa.
d. M. quadratus lumborum.
e. M. iliopsoas.
2. In a man aged 43 years with the removed kidney, symptoms of anemia were revealed.
What caused the appearance of these symptoms?
a. Reduction of erythropoietin synthesis.
b. Lack of iron.
c. Increased destruction of erythrocytes.
d. Lack of Vitamin B12.
e. Lack of folic acid.
3. During the operation, a stone measuring 3x4 cm, which on the one side has the
outgrowths in the form of horns (coral stone) was removed from the right renal
pelvis. In what anatomical formation of the kidney has a stone been developed?
a. Minor calix.
b. Renal pelvis.
c. Major calix.
d. Kidney lobule.
e. Nephron.
4. There is a knife wound in the lumbar region on the right in a patient. There is a
diagnosis of the right kidney damage. What other organs of the retroperitoneal space
could be damaged in this case?
a. Descending department of the colon.
b. Initial department of the jejunum.
c. Left colic flexure.
d. Duodenum.
e. Transverse colon.
6. In the military enlistment office, during the ultrasound examination of a boy aged 19
years, renal ptosis was found. At the level of which vertebrae are the kidneys in the
normal state located?
a. 9-12 thoracic.
b. 12 thoracic and 1 lumbar.
c. 11 thoracic and 3 lumbar.
d. 4-5 lumbar.
e. 9-10 thoracic.
7. On the histological specimen of the kidney there is a section of the distal tubule of
the nephron, which passes between the afferent and efferent arterioles. In the cells
forming the wall of the tubule, there are thickened nuclei, there is no basal
membrane. What is the name of this structural formation?
a. Goormaghtigh cells.
b. Juxtavascular cells.
c. Dense macula.
d. Mesangial cells.
e. Juxtaglomerular cells.
8. In the course of surgical operation on the kidney from the posterior access (back)
there was a necessity to put pressure on the renal artery. In what sequence are the
elements of the renal pedicle in its hilum prorsad?
a. Ureter, artery, vein.
b. Artery, vein, ureter.
c. Vein, ureter, artery.
d. Vein, artery, ureter.
e. Artery, ureter, vein.
9. The patient complains of the acute aches in the left lumbar region. Pain is of a
cutting character during urination. During the examination, the patient was
diagnosed with urolithiasis. Determine the most likely localization of the stone?
a. Minor calices, renal medulla.
b. Pelvis, major calices.
c. Renal cortex, pyramids.
d. Pelvis, renal medulla.
e. Pelvis, renal medulla.
10. During the patient’s examination it was determined that his right kidney is located in
the iliac fossa (iliac kidney). This congenital dystopy is differentiated from the
acquired nephroptosis (mobile kidney) by:
a. The decrease of the adrenal fat body.
b. The absence of fibrous capsule.
c. The origin of the renal artery from the aorta more caudal than normal.
d. The renal form.
e. The abnormally low kidney position.
11. On the radiogram of the kidneys during the pyelography, the doctor found renal
pelvis, into which minor calices fell directly (major ones were absent). What form of
urinoexcretory ways has the doctor found?
a. Ampullar.
b. Mature.
c. Embryonal.
d. Tree-like.
e. Fetal.
12. During the examination of the patient, the surgeon determined the wound in the area
of the two upper thirds of the right kidney. The integrity of which organ should be
checked in this case, taking into account the syntopy of the right kidney?
a. Pancreatic gland.
b. Liver.
c. Stomach.
d. Descending colon.
e. Small intestine.
8. У новонародженого хлопчика при огляді калитки відсутнє праве яєчко. Про яку
аномалію розвитку йде мова?
Епіспадія.
Монорхізм.
Гіпоспадія.
Гермафродитизм.
Крипторхізм.
2. A family couple complains of the inability to have children. After the examination it
was revealed – the spermatogenic epithelium of the testis was injured in a man,
which led to the absence of spermatozoa in the seminal fluid and, as a result, to
infertility. Which department of vas deferens has been injured?
Efferent ductules.
Seminiferous tubules.
Rete testis.
Ducts of epididymis.
Straight tubules.
4. The long-term result of experienced acute inflammation of the parotid gland in a man
could be the disorder of the functioning of the epithelial cells of the seminiferous
tubules of the male genital glands, which will lead to a decrease of the formation of:
Oogonia.
Spermatozoa.
Progesterone.
Testosterone.
Adrenocorticotropic hormone.
5. A man aged 58 years old applied to the urologist with the complaints of complicated
urination during last 6 months. The examination revealed an adenoma (benign
tumor) of the prostate gland. Which place of the gland was the compression caused
in?
6. A patient aged 65 years old applied to the clinic because of the disorder of urination.
The examination revealed prostate hypertrophy. The enlargement of which of the
listed parts of the prostate gland is possibly the cause of these violations?
Leftlobe.
Capsule of prostate.
Right lobe.
Isthmus (middle lobe).
Prostaticduct.
7. A patient complains of a frequent and difficult urination. Which internal genital organ
is the reason for this?
Bulbourethral glands.
Seminiferous vesicles.
Epididymides.
Prostate.
Testis.
10. A man aged 60 years old was hospitalized into the urological department with
urinary retention, the cause of which was prostate adenoma. What part of the gland
is growing in this case?
Right lobe.
Leftlobe.
Isthmus.
Apex.
Muscular part.
3. Під час катетеризації сечового міхура при швидкому введенні катетера виникла
кровотеча внаслідок травми слизової оболонки сечівника в ділянці довільного
сфінктера. В якому місці уретри лікар повинен бути обережним і відчувати опір
м'яких тканин при проходженні катетера?
a. B pars membranacea uretrae.
b. B pars spongiosa uretrae.
c. B bulbus uretrae.
d. В ділянці fossa navicularis uretrae.
e. B past prostatica uretrae.
11. Під час огляду хворого хірург виявив водянку яєчка. Між листками якої
оболонки яєчка накопичилась рідина?
a. Серозної (піхвової).
b. Білкової.
c. Внутрішньої сім'яної.
d. Мясистої.
e. Зовнішньої сім'яної.
1. The patient is hospitalized with the suspicion of a prostate tumor. During the
operation, it was found that the tumor "sprouted" to the middle segment of the
urethra. What is this department?
a. Lacunar.
b. Prostatic.
c. Membranous.
d. Intraorganic.
e. Spongy.
2. A boy with complaints of swelling in the area of the scrotum came to the doctor-
urologist for a consultation. During examination and palpation, fluid around the right
testicle is detected. What is the pathology associated with?
a. Nonclosure of the upper part of the vaginal process.
b. Nonclosure of the deep ring of the inguinal canal.
c. Extension of the surface of the inguinal ring.
d. Cryptorchism.
e. Anorchia.
4. A man aged 75 years old appealed to the urological department with complaints of
severe pains in the lower part of the abdomen, absence of urine, the impossibility of
self-urination. During the examination by a urologist the diagnosis is made: adenoma
(benign tumor) of the prostate gland. The catheterization of the bladder is necessary.
What is the sequence of the catheter passing through the parts of the urinary tract?
a. Membranous, spongy, prostate.
b. Membranous, prostate, spongy.
c. Prostate, membranous, spongy.
d. Spongy, membranous, prostate.
e. Spongy, prostate, membranous.
5. During the examination of the patient, the surgeon discovered a hydrocele. Between
the leaves of which of the testicle's tunics has the fluid accumulated?
a. Superficial fascia of scrotum.
b. Serous (vaginal).
c. Protein.
d. Internal spermatic.
e. External spermatic.
7. The size of the left testicle is significantly increased in a 70-year-old man due to the
increase of the volume of fluid in its serous cavity. Between which tunics of the
testicle should a puncture needle to be introduced for to drain transudate?
a. Between the inner spermatic fascia and the vaginal cavity.
b. Between the skin and the superficial fascia of scrotum.
c. Between the skin and the cremaster.
d. Between the internal spermatic fascia and the vaginal membrane.
e. Between parietal and visceral vaginal layers of the testicle.
8. In a man aged 40 years the testicle inflammation was complicated by his hydrocele.
Surgical intervention is necessary. Which of the tunics of the testicle the surgeon
cuts during the operation?
a. Parietal leaf of vaginal membrame of the testicle.
b. Cremaster.
c. External spermatic fascia.
d. Superficial fascia of scrotum.
e. Internal spermatic fascia.
9. Patient has hydrocele. In which of the tunics of testicle is the process localized?
a. Internal spermatic fascia.
b. External spermatic fascia.
c. Tunica vaginalis.
d. Scrotum skin.
e. Superficial fascia of scrotum.
10. After delivery of a child by pregnant woman the midwife notices a defect in external
genitalia of a newborn. The woman only had one prenatal ultrasound that reported a
male fetus. On physical exam, the neonatologists notices a short, broad penis with
an orifice in its dorsal aspect, bothtesticles are present int he scrotum. Which of the
following is the most likely congenital abnormality?
a. Paraphimosis.
b. Epispadias.
c. Hypospadias.
d. Ovotesticular disoder of sex development.
e. Phimosis.
11. A man of 35 years appealed to the doctor with complaints of pain and swelling of the
right testis. The examination revealed a tumor that needed surgery, in which it was
necessary to cut out 7 layers of the scrotum to the protein tunic. Which tunic will be
dissected as the last one before the preprotein tunic?
a. Cutis orchis.
b. Tunica spermatica interna.
c. Tunica dartos.
d. Tunica vaginalis testis.
e. Tunica spermatica externa.
12. During catheterization of the urinary bladder in rapid injection of the catheter the
bleeding occurred as a result of trauma of the urethral mucous membrane of the
urethra in the area of the external sphincter. In what place of the urethra should the
doctor be careful and feel the resistance of soft tissues when passing the catheter?
a. Pars spongiosa uretrae.
b. Bulbus uretrae.
c. Pars membranacea uretrae.
d. Fossa navicularis uretrae.
e. Pars prostatica uretrae.
13. A young man appealed to the hospital with the complaints of a disorder of urination.
During the examination of the external genital organs it was discovered that the
urethra is split from above and the urine flows through this opening. What kind of
anomaly of development of external genitalia is observed in this case?
a. Phimosis.
b. Hermaphroditism.
c. Epispadia.
d. Hypospadia.
e. Paraphimosis.
14. In a newborn boy during theexamination of the external genital organs, a crack of the
urethra, which opens onto the lower surface of the penis, is found. What is the
pathology of development?
a. Epispadia.
b. Monorchia.
c. Cryptorchism.
d. Hermaphroditism.
e. Hypospadias.
16. A 40-year-old man appealed to the doctor with the complaints of the presence of a
painful tumor in the area of the scrotum. The doctor diagnosed: " hydrocele ".
Between which tunics of the testis is the fluid accumulated in this disease?
a. Between parietal and visceral vaginal membrane plates.
b. Between the skin and the superficial fascia of scrotum.
c. Between the internal spermatic fascia and the vaginal membrane.
d. Between the superficial fascia of scrotum and the external spermatic fascia.
e. Between the external spermatic fascia and the fascia of the cremaster.
17. Patient K., aged 65 years, was brought to the Hospital ER with acute urinary
retention. During examination, the doctor found that the patient had the urethral
obstruction due to the pathology of the organ that covers it. Which organ is it spoken
about?
a. Epididymis.
b. Prostate gland.
c. Spermatic cord.
d. Seminal vesicle.
e. Testis.
18. A boy aged 2 years, has been diagnosed with scrotum hernia. The malformation of
which of the testicles’ membranes has become the cause of its development?
a. Tunica vaginalis testis.
b. Fascia spermatica interna.
c. Fascia spermatica externa.
d. Fascia cremasterica.
e. Tunica dartos.
19. An elderly man has a complicated act of urination. Which part of the urethra is
narrowed most often because of age?
a. Pars spongiosa.
b. Pars prostatica.
c. M. sphincter urethrae externum.
d. Pars membranacea.
e. Glandulae urethrales.
20. A mother of two-year-old boy appealed to the hospital with complaints of the
increase in the size of her child's scrotum. After examination, the diagnosis is made
– hydrocele (accumulation of fluid between the tunics of a testicle). Which tunic
contains this fluid?
a. Internal spermatic fascia.
b. Superficial fascia of scrotum.
c. External spermatic fascia.
d. Vaginal.
e. Protein.
16. Жіночі статеві органи. Будова, положення, функції яєчника. Матка, її
розвиток, форма, частини, будова, топографія. Маткова труба.
1. У жінки 28 років виявлена позаматкова вагітність, яка ускладнилася розривом
маткової труби. У який простір очеревини можливе попадання крові?
A. Прямокишково - матковий
B. Міхурово - матковий
C. Правий брижовий синус
D. Лівий брижовий синус
E. Міжсигмовидний синус
3. Роділлі в зв'язку з патологічно вузьким тазом проведено кесарів розтин. Які шари
стінки матки повинен розсікти хірург?
АВісцеральний листок очеревини, м'язову і слизову оболонки
B Паріетальний листок очеревини, м'язову і слизову оболонки
C Вісцеральний листок очеревини, навколоматкову жирову клітковину, адвентицію
D Паріетальний і вісцеральний листок очеревини, навколоматкову жирову клітковину,
м'язову оболонку
E Вісцеральний листок очеревини, м'язову оболонку, навколоматкову жирову клітковину
4. Під час операції на яєчнику були перев’язані судини в ділянці воріт.Де проводять
маніпуляцію?
AMargo mesovaricus
B Margo liber
C Facies medialis
D Facies lateralis
E Extremitas uterina
9. При піхвовому обстеженні жінки гінеколог оглядає переднє склепіння піхви. Чим
воно утворене?
AШика матки і передня стінка піхви
B передня і задня стінки піхви
C Шийка матки і задня стінка піхви
D Предня і задня губи
E Тіло матка і передня стінка піхви
10. При піхвовому обстеженні жінки гінеколог оглядає зів матки. Чим зів обмежений?
AПредня і задня губи
B Шика матки і передня стінка піхви
C Шийка матки і задня стінка піхви
D Предня і задня губи
E Тіло матка і передня стінка піхви
12. У хворої 28-ми рокiв виявлена пухлина яєчника i показана операцiя по його
видаленню. При здiйсненнi її необхiдно розтинати зв’язку, що з’єднує яєчник з
маткою. Яку зв’язку повинен перерiзати хiрург?
A Lig. Ovarii proprium
B Lig. Latum uteri
C Lig. Cardinali
D Lig.umbilicale laterale
E Lig. Suspensorium ovarii
13. У жінки виявлено пухлину яєчника. Показана операція. Яку зв`язку повинен
перерізати хірург, щоб відділити яєчник від матки?
A Власну зв’язку яєчника
B Широку зв’язку матки
C Бічну пупкову зв’язку
D Зв’язку що підвішує яєчник
E Круглу зв’язку матки
1. A woman 25 years old was hospitalized in the gynecological department for the purpose
of surgery for ovarian tumor. When performing the surgery, it is necessary to cut the
ligament that connects the ovary with the uterus. Which one of?
2. The inflammatory process of the modified Subserous basis around the cervix caused an
intense pain symptom in the patient. The pathological process of which part of the
genital organs was determined by the doctor?
A. Parametrium.
B. Mesometrium.
C. Myometrium.
D. Endometrium.
E. Perimetrium.
3. During the operation on the ovary, the vessels in the hilum area were tied. Where is the
manipulation performed?
A.Margo mesovaricus.
B. Margo liber.
C. Facies medialis.
D. Facies lateralis.
E. Extremitas uterine.
4. An ectopic pregnancy was detected in a woman aged 28 years, which was complicated
by the rupture of the uterine tube. In what peritoneal space can the blood fall?
A. Recto-uterine.
B. Bladder-uterine.
C. Right mesenteric sinus.
D. Left mesenteric sinus.
5. During the gynecological examination, the patient was diagnosed with endometritis
(inflammation of the endometrium). What part of the uterine wall is affected by the
inflammation process?
A. Mucous membrane.
B. Serous membrane.
C. Muscular membrane.
D. Adventitious membrane.
E. Parametrium.
6. During a vaginal examination of a woman, the gynecologist inspects the uterus. What is
orifice of the uterus limited by?
7. The patient aged 45 years, was hospitalized with the suspicion of the uterus tumor. After
the examination, the diagnosis is made - bromyoma of the uterus. In what layer of the
uterus is this tumor located?
A. Myometrium.
B. Endometrium.
C. Perimetrium.
D. Parametrium.
E. Mesometrium.
8. A pregnant woman in connection with pathologically narrow pelvis the cesarean section
was performed. What layers of the uterus should the surgeon cut?
9. A woman has a tumor of the ovary. Operation is recommended. What ligament should
the surgeon cut to separate the ovary from the uterus?
A.Ligament of ovary.
B. Broad ligament of uterus.
C. Lateral umbilical ligament.
D. Suspensory ligament of ovary.
E. Round ligament of uterus.
10. A 26-year-old woman was performed X-ray examination of a uterus with a contrast agent
(metrosalpingography). What form does the uterine cavity shadow on the radiograph
have in norm?
11. During several years of married life, a woman unsuccessfully tried to get pregnant and
eventually turned to a gynecologist for advice. Hysterography showed that the patient
had a bicornuate uterus, and her infertility is due to this reason. This congenital defect
appears as a result of:
12. In a patient aged 28 years, a tumor of the ovary was found and it was recommended an
operation to remove it. During its performance, it is necessary to cut the ligament that
connects the ovary with the uterus. What ligament should the surgeon cut?
2. В клініку поступила молода жінка зі скаргами на різкий біль внизу живота. При обстеженні
у лікаря виникла підозра на розрив маткової труби в результаті позаматкової вагітності. Під
час пункції через заднє склепіння піхви в шприці виявили кров. В якому з утворень
очеревини жінки накопичується кров в даному випадку?
a. Прямокишково-матковому заглибленні
b. Міхурово-матковому заглибленні.
с.Позадусліпокишковому заглибленні.
d. Міжсигмовидному заглибленні
e. Прямокишково-міхуровому заглибленні
5. Під час обстеження хворої, виникла підозра на наявність гнійного випоту у прямокишково-
матковому заглибленні. Через яке анатомічне утворення найкраще пропунктувати дане
заглиблення?
Діафрагма тазу.
Ампула прямої кишки.
Заднє склепіння піхви.
Передня стінка піхви.
Переднє склепіння піхви.
6. Під час проведення гінекологічного обтеження жінки 34 років лікар запідозрив позаматкову
вагітність. Для уточнення діагнозу необхідно провести пункцію дугласового простору. Доступ
до останнього здійснюється через:
Пряму кишку
Переднє склепіння піхви.
Присінок піхви
Заднє склепіння піхви.
Матковий зів
7. При піхвовому обстеженні жінки гінеколог оглядає переднє склепіння піхви. Чим воно
утворене?
Передня і задня стінки піхви.
Предня і задня губи.
Тіло матка і передня стінка піхви
Шийка матки і задня стінка піхви
Шика матки і передня стінка піхви
1. A young woman with complaints of acute pain at the lower part of the abdomen was brought to
the clinic. During examination the doctor suspected a uterine tube rupture as a result of an ectopic
pregnancy. During the puncture through the posterior vaginal fornix the blood was found in the
syringe. In which of the peritoneal formations is the blood accumulated in this case?
Intersigmoid recess
Recto-vesical pouch.
Retrocecal recess
Recto-uterine pouch.
Vesico-uterine pouch
2. During the examination of the patient, there was a suspicion of purulent exudate in the recto-
uterine pouch. Through which anatomical formation is best to puncture this pouch?
Anterior vaginal fornix.
Anterior wall of the vagina
Rectal ampulla.
Posterior vaginal fornix
Diaphragm of the pelvis.
3. A woman with an acute abdomen and suspecion of ectopic pregnancy is hospitalized to the
gynecological department. Through which anatomical formation or its part will the gynecologist
perform a puncture of the abdominal cavity?
Rectum.
–.
Cervix uteri
Fornix vaginae posterior.
Fornix vaginae anterior.
4.To confirm the diagnosis, a woman needs to be performed a puncture of the Douglas space
(recto-uterine pouch). Where must the puncture of the vagina wall be performed?
Left lateral part of the fornix.
Anterior wall of vagina.
Right lateral part of the fornix.
Anterior part of the fornix.
Posterior part of the fornix
5. Woman aged 28 years, was brought to the reception ward in the hospital with complaints of
acute pain in the lower part of the abdomen. The gynecologist during examination suggested that
the ectopic pregnancy. What anatomical fomation should be punctured to confirm the diagnosis?
Intersigmoid recess.
Prevesical space.
Recto-vesical pouch
Vesico-uterine pouch
Recto-uterine pouch
6. During a gynecological examination, the doctor suspected an ectopic pregnancy in a woman
aged 34 years. To confirm the diagnosis, it is necessary to perform a puncture of the Douglas
space. Access to the latter is made through:
Posterior vaginal fornix
Orifice of the uterusг8
Rectum.
Anterior vaginal fornix
Vestibule of the vagina
7. During vaginal examination of a woman, the gynecologist examines the anterior vaginal fornix.
What is it formed by?
Anterior and posterior walls of the vagina.
Anterior and posterior lips
Body of the uterus and the anterior wall of the vagina.
Cervix of the uterus and the posterior wall of the vagina
Cervix of the uterus and the anterior wall of the vagina
8. In order to confirm the diagnosis in the patient aged 70 years, it was necessary to perform a
palpatory examination of the pelvic organs through the anterior wall of the rectum. Which organs in
such palpation could be examined in women?
Uterine tube, vagina
Uterine tube, uterus.
Vagina, ovaries.
Uterus, vagina.
Ovaries, uterus
9. A 35-year-old patient was brought to the gynecological department wit theh symptoms of acute
abdomen and suspicion of an ectopic pregnancy. Where will the blood accumulate in the uterine
tube rupture?
In the recto-vesical pouch.
In the left lateral channel
In the recto-uterine pouch
In the right lateral channel
In the vesico-uterine pouch.
10. A woman with signs of internal bleeding and suspicion of ectopic pregnancy is brought to the
gynecological department. In which of the named formations is the probable accumulation of
blood?
Fossa ischio-analis.
Exavatio recto-uterina
Fossa paravesicalis.
Exavatio vesico-uterina.
Fossa ovarica.
11. A 23-year-old patient was brought to the gynecological department with complaints of massive
edema of the labia minus and purulent discharge at their base and from the vestibule of a vagina
closer to the posterior commissure. About inflammation of which glands of genital organs it is
necessary to think:
Prostatic
Cervical.
Lesser vestibular glands
Bulbo-urethral (Cowper's glands).
Greater vestibular glands (Bartholin's glands).
12. A patient with a suspicion of internal bleeding (ectopic pregnancy) was hospitalized into the
gynecological department. Through which formation is the puncture for urgent diagnosis of
bleeding performed?
7. Під час пологів у жінки стався розрив тканин промежини. Для усунення даної
патології необхідно накласти шви, в тому числі на м’язи. Який м’яз промежини
слід зшити?
a. Цибулино-губчастий м’яз.
b. М’яз-підіймач відхідника.
c. Сіднично-печеристий м’яз.
d. Зовнішній м’яз-замикач відхідника.
e. Поверхневий поперечний м’яз промежини.
10. При переломі гілки сідничої кістки було пошкоджено один із поверхневих м'язів
сечо-статевої діафрагми. Який це м'яз?
a. Зовнішній м'яз-замикач відхідника.
b. Сідничо-печеристий м'яз.
c. Зовнішній м'яз-замикач сечівника.
d. Поверхневий поперечний м'яз промежини.
e. Куприковий м'яз.
1. In a maternity hospital in a pregnant woman during the passing of the fetal head
through the birth canal, there was a risk of breakage of the perineum. The
obstetrician decided to perform episiotomy, cutting a labium majus. What muscle of
the genito-urinary diaphragm passes in this place, covering the vestibule vesicle?
a. External urethral sphincter.
b. Bulbospongiosus.
c. Ischiocavernosus.
d. Levator ani.
e. External anal sphincter.
2. During labor the separation of symphysis pubis with the rupture of the upper and
lower pubic ligaments was diagnosed. In addition, another ligament of the perineum,
formed by fusing of the upper and lower fasciae, was damaged. What is this
ligament?
a. Obturator fascia.
b. Transverse perineal ligament.
c. Obturator membrane.
d. Sacrococcygeal ligament.
e. Sacroischial ligament.
3. In the patient aged 53 years after injury in the area of the perineum, an arbitrary
urination is noted. Which of the muscles is probably damaged?
a. M. ischiocavernosus.
b. M. sphyncter uretrаe.
c. M. transversus perinei superficialis.
d. M. transversus perinei profundus.
e. M. bulbospongiosus.
4. In the fracture of the lesser pelvic bones where the ischio-anal fossa is located, its
lateral wall was damaged. What is the lateral wall of this fossa formed by?
a. Ischial tuberosity and the obturator internus.
b. Coccyx and anal sphincter.
c. Ilium and levator ani.
d. Pubic bone and the obturator externus.
e. Sacrum and coccyx.
5. During a car accident, the pelvic diaphragm was damaged in the patient - the muscle
that forms its basis. What is this muscle?
a. Bulbospongiosus.
b. Levator ani.
c. External urethral sphincter.
d. Ischiocavernosus.
e. Superficial transverse perineal muscle.
6. During the labor activity, in the case of difficult crowning, in order to prevent
breakage of the perineum, the orifice of the vagina is cut at the base of the labium
majus. What muscle of the perineum is cut in this case?
a. Deep transverse.
b. External sphincter of the rectum.
c. Bulbospongiosus.
d. Superficial transverse.
e. Ischiocavernosus.
7. After traumatic damage of the perineum, the patient has uroclepsia. Which muscle
was injured?
a. Internal anal sphincter.
b. Ischiocavernosus.
c. Sphincter urethrae.
d. Superficial transverse perineal muscle.
e. Deep transverse perineal muscle.
8. Ultrasound examination of the pelvic organs is performed with the filled urinary
bladder. Which of the muscles in the perineum holds the urine at the same time?
a. Ischiocavernosus.
b. Sphincter muscle of urethra.
c. Deep transverse.
d. Bulbospongiosus.
e. Supeficial transverse.
9. In the fracture of the branch of the ischium, one of the superficial muscles of the
genito-urinary diaphragm was damaged. What is this muscle?
a. Coccygeus.
b. Superficial transverse perineal muscle.
c. External anal sphincter.
d. Ischiocavernosus.
e. External urethral sphincter.
10. During the labor there was a rupture of the tissues of the perineum in a woman. To
eliminate this pathology, it is necessary to apply sutures, including muscles. Which
perineal muscle should be stitched?
a. Superficial transverse perineal muscle.
b. External anal sphincter.
c. Ischiocavernosus.
d. Bulbospongiosus.
e. Levator ani.
b. Прищитоподібних залоз.
c. Гортанного нерва.
b. Кортизол.
c. Адреналiн, вазопресин.
d. Статевi.
e. Альдостерон.
3. У чоловiка 41-го року вiдзначаються перiодичнi напади серцебиття (пароксизми),
сильне потовидiлення, напади головного болю. При обстеженнi виявлена гiпертензiя,
гiперглiкемiя, пiдвищення основного обмiну, тахiкардiя. При якiй патологiї
наднирникiв спостерiгається подiбна картина?
a. Гiпофункцiя мозкового шару.
b. Первинний альдостеронiзм.
4. Хвора К., 30 років, скаржиться на сильну спрагу, сухість у роті, які з’явилися після
сильного нервового потрясіння. При лабораторному обстеженні виявлено
збільшення цукру в крові до 10 ммоль/л. Захворювання якої ендокринної залози у
хворої?
a. Щитоподібної.
b. Підшлункової.
c. Наднирникових.
d. Епіфіза.
e. Статевих.
b. Glandula thyroidea.
c. Рancreas.
d. Glandula parathyroidea.
e. Glandula pineale.
6. Хвора звернулася до лікаря із скаргами на постійну спрагу, яка вперше виникла у неї
декілька тижнів тому після сильного нервового потрясіння /смерті матері/. При
обстеженні виявлено підвищення цукру в крові до 14 ммоль/л. Дисфункція якої
залози внутрішньої секреції спостерігається у хворої?
a. Наднирників.
b. Щитоподібної.
c. Епіфіза.
d. Підшлункової.
e. Гіпофіза.
b. Еритропоетин.
c. Вазопресин.
d. Норадреналiн.
e. Адреналiн.
c. Фолікулі нової.
d. Окситоцинової.
e. Інсулінової.
b. Pars intermedia.
c. Lobus posterior.
d. -.
e. Lobus anterior.
d. Вилочкова залоза.
e. Щитоподібна залоза.
11. Під час експерименту у новонароджених тварин забирали орган імунної системи, це
приводило через 1, 5-3 міс. до виснаження, малого росту, випадіння хутра, діареї та
імунних порушень. Який орган був видалений?
a. Тимус.
b. Глотковий мигдалик.
c. Лімфовузли.
d. Піднебінний мигдалик.
e. Селезінка.
b. Щитоподібної.
c. Наднирників.
d. Паращитоподібної.
e. Підшлункової.
13. У хворого судоми. Про гіпофункцію якої ендокринної залози можна думати?
a. Наднирникових залоз.
b. Прищитоподібної залози.
c. Гіпофіза.
d. Шишкоподібного тіла.
e. Статевих залоз.
b. Адреналiн.
c. Андроген.
d. Естроген.
e. Альдостерон.
15. Хвора К. звернулася до лікаря із скаргами на тремор пальців рук та всього тіла,
м’язову слабкість, серцебиття, порушення сну, схуднення при підвищеному апетиті.
Симптоми захворювання якої із залоз внутрішньої секреції спостерігаються.
a. Гіпофіза.
b. Підшлункової.
c. Наднирників.
d. Щитоподібної.
e. Епіфіза.
b. Iнсулiн.
c. Тироксин.
d. Соматотропiн.
e. Кортизол.
17. Хворій Б., 39 років, яка протягом 8 років не може завагітніти порадили звернутись до
ендокринолога. При обстеженні у хворої виявлено екзофтальм, тремор повік,
тахікардію. Захворювання якої ендокринної залози супроводжується такими
симптомами?
a. Наднирникових.
b. Щитоподібної.
c. Епіфіза.
d. Статевих.
e. Підшлункової.
18. Чоловiк середнього вiку виїхав до iншої країни на обiцяну йому роботу, але
працевлаштуватися тривалий час йому не вдавалося. Якi з ендокринних залоз були
виснаженi у цiєї людини найбiльше?
a. Сiм’яники.
b. Наднирники.
c. Пiдгрудинна.
d. Прищитоподiбнi.
e. Щитоподiбна.
b. Окситоцин.
c. Статевi.
d. Кортизол.
e. Адреналiн, вазопресин.
b. Целому.
c. Ектодерми.
d. Ентодерми.
e. Спланхноплеври.
b. I-II.
c. III-IV.
d. IV-V.
e. V-VI.
22. У хворого збільшений основний обмін, підвищена температура тіла, тахікардія у стані
спокою. Причиною цього може бути підвищена функція:
a. Кіркової речовини наднирників.
b. Щитоподібної залози.
c. Нейрогіпофізу.
d. Підшлункової залози.
e. Статевих залоз.
b. Паратгормону.
c. Мінералокортикостероїдів.
d. Пролактину.
e. Тестостерону.
b. Статеві залози.
c. Гіпофіз.
e. Наднирники.
25. Хворому тривалий час вводили високi дози гiдрокортизону, внаслiдок чого настала
атрофiя однiєї з зон кори наднирникiв. Яка це зона?
a. Пучкова.
b. –.
c. Клубочкова.
d. Сiтчаста.
e. Клубочкова i сiтчаста.
c. Соматостатин.
d. Тироксин.
e. Адреналiн.
b. Паратгормону.
c. Тироксину.
d. Катехоламінів.
e. Прогестерону.
c. Трийодтиронінової.
d. Інсулінової.
e. Окситоцинової.
2. The patient has reduced the synthesis of vasopressin, which leads to polyuria and, as
result, to the expressed degradation of the or-ganism. What is the mechanism of polyuria
development?
a. Reduction of tubular reabsorption of wa-ter.
b. Reduction of tubular reabsorption of Na ions.
3. The woman has limited blood ow in the kidneys, elevated arterial pressure. Hy-
persecretion of which hormone led to the in-creased pressure?
a. Renin.
b. Adrenalin.
c. Noradrenaline.
d. Erythropoietin.
e. Vasopressin.
4. In the position on the back, a six-month-old baby is suocating. Palpation of the an-terior
wall of the trachea above the jugular sternum revealed a tumor-like formation that extends
into the anterior mediastinum. What organ can constrict the trachea?
a. Thymus gland.
b. Thyroid gland.
c. Parathyroid glands.
d. Parathyroid lymph nodes.
e. Paratracheal lymph nodes.
6. In the laboratory study in the blood of a patient aged 56 years, an increase of sugar level
was found. Which of the endocrine glands is aected?
a. –ancreas.
b. Glandula suprarenalis.
c. Glandula thyroidea.
d. Glandula parathyroidea.
e. Glandula pineale.
7. Patient K., 30 years old, complains of se-vere thirst, dry mouth, which appeared after a
strong nervous stress. During the labora-tory examination, an increase of blood sugar level
up to 10 mmol/l was found. Which of endocrine gland is ill in a patient?
a. Pancreas.
b. Thyroid.
c. Genital.
d. Adrenal.
e. Epiphysis.
8. Patient B., 39 years old, who during 8 years could not get pregnant, was advised to consult
an endocrinologist. During examina-tion of the patient, exophthalmos, tremor of the eyelids
and tachycardia have been deter-mined. The disease of which of the endocrine glands is
accompanied by such symptoms?
a. Thyroid.
b. Pancreas.
c. Gonadal.
d. Adrena.
e. Epiphysis.
9. A man appealed to the doctor with com-plaints of the appearance of the female sexual
characteristics. Examination of the dominant genital organs did not reveal any pathology.
The tumor of which gland can one suspect?
a. Glandula suprarenalis.
b. Insular pancreaticae.
c. Glandula thyroidea.
d. Glandula parathyroidea.
e. Glandula pineal.
11. Patient K. appealed to the doctor with complaints of the tremor of the ngers and the whole
body, muscular weakness, palpi-tation, sleep disorder, weight loss with in-creased
appetite. Symptoms of the disease of which of the endocrine glands are observed:
a. Thyroid.
b. Pancreas.
c. Pituitary.
d. Adrenal.
e. Epiphysis.
12. The patient appealed to the doctor with complaints of constant thirst, which for the rst time
arose a few weeks ago after atrong nervous shock /mother's death/. The examination
revealed an increase in blood sugar up to 14 mmol/l. Dysfunction of which of the endocrine
glands is observed in the pa-tient? a. Pancreas.
b. Pituitary.
c. Thyroid.
d. Epiphysis.
e. Adrenal.
13. Patient has cramps. The hypofunc-tioning of which of endocrine glands could be
suspected?
a. Parathyroid.
b. Pineal body.
c. Pituitary.
d. Genital glands.
e. Adrenal glands.
14. The patient aged 31 years appealed to the doctor with complaints of swelling in the
subcutaneous tissue, apathy, decreased abil-ity to work, decrease of body temperature.
Diagnosis of myxedema is made. The violation of the hormones of which gland is it spoken
about?
a. Thyroid.
b. Pancreas.
c. Thymus.
d. Parathyroid.
e. Adrenal.
15. Inammation of the pancreas, along with reduced pancreatic juice secretion, can lead to the
emergence of a relative endocrine failure:
a. Insulin.
b. Follicle.
c. Oxytocin.
d. Insuciency of deoxycorticosterone ac-etate.
e. Triiodothyronine.
16. It is known that parathormone, which aects the metabolism of phosphorus and cal-cium in
the human body, is formed in the parathyroid glands that are the derivatives of:
a. Endoderm.
b. Mesoderm.
c. Splanchnopleure.
d. Celom.
e. Ectoderm.
17. Physiological reactions that arise as a result of sudden stress, are caused by the income
of large amount of hormones of the adrenal medulla into the systemic blood circulation of:
a. Catecholamines.
b. Vasopressin.
c. Thyroxine.
d. Progesterone.
e. Parathormone.
18. The shock states of any etiology re-quire a single administration of hormonal medicines
that are synthesized in the human body by the cells of the bundle of the cortex of the
adrenal glands.
a. Glucocorticosteroids.
b. Mineral corticosteroids.
c. Prolactin.
d. Testosterone.
e. Parathormone.
19. During the second day after removal of thyroid gland there were cramps in a patient.
Damage of which anatomical formation has caused complications?
a. Parathyroid glands.
b. Laryngeal nerve.
c. Muscles of the larynx.
d. Internal carotid artery.
e. Intracranial tributaries of the internal jugular vein.
20. The patient complains of the increased physical and mental weakness, adynamia. The
examination revealed hyperpigmentation of the skin and mucous membranes. Which
endocrine glands are aected?
a. Adrenal.
b. Genital glands.
c. Pituitary.
d. Insulin apparatus of the pancreas.
e. Thyroid gland.
21. In the inhabitants of the territories with cold climate there is increased content of a
hormone having a thermoregulatory value in the blood. Which hormone is it spoken about?
a. Thyroxine.
b. Insulin.
c. Glucagon.
d. Somatotropin.
e. Cortisol.
22. Patient for a long time was introduced high doses of hydrocortisone, resulting in at-rophy
of one of the adrenal cortex. Which zone is this?
a. Fasciculata.
b. Glomerulosa.
c. Reticularis.
d. Glomerulosa and reticularis.
e. -.
23. A middle-aged man traveled to an-other country for his job, but he did not suc-ceed in
nding a job for a long time. Which of the endocrine glands have been most ex-hausted in
this person?
a. Adrenal.
b. Parathyroid.
c. Spermaries.
d. Substernal.
e. Thyroid.
25. A man aged 41 years there are periodic heartbeat attacks (paroxysms), severe perspi-
ration, headache attacks. During the exam-ination, hypertension, hyperglycemia, eleva-tion
of the main metabolism, and tachycardia were detected. What kind of adrenal pathol-ogy
could a similar picture be seen in?
a. Hyperfunction of the medullary layer.
b. Hypofunction of the medullary layer.
c. Hyperfunction of adrenal cortex.
d. Hypofunction of adrenal cortex.
e. Primary aldosteronism.
26. The patient has a violation of the re-lease of thyroid-stimulating hormone. With the
decrease of the functions of which part of the hypophysis it is connected?
a. Lobus anterior.
b. Infundibulum.
c. Lobus posterior.
d. Pars intermedia.
e. -.
27. A woman aged 38 years appealed to the endocrinologic clinic with a distinct tremor of the
extremities. Hyperproduction of which hormone can cause such a violation?
a. Thyroxine.
b. ACTH.
c. Insulin.
d. Adrenalin.
e. Somatostatin.
28. As a result of a home accident, the patient had a signicant loss of blood, which was
accompanied by a decrease of the arterial pressure. The action of hormone provides fast
recovery of blood pressure caused by blood loss?
a. Adrenalin, vasopressin.
b. Cortisol.
c. Genital.
d. Oxytocin.
e. Aldosterone.
29. The patient has increased major metabolism, fever, tachycardia at rest. This may be due to
the increased function of the:
a. Thyroid gland.
b. Adrenal cortex.
c. Reproductive glands.
d. Neurohypophysis.
e. Pancreas
4. Дитині 6 місяців при бронхіті зроблена рентгенограма грудної клітки. Крім змін
пов'язаних з бронхами, на R-грамі визначається тінь вилочкової залози (тімуса).
З чим можуть бути пов'язані ці зміни?
a. У 6 місяців вказаний стан є варіантом норми.
b. Є наслідком пухлинного процесу.
c. Є наслідком бронхіту.
d. Є наслідком запалення вилочкової залози.
e. Є наслідком неправильного анатомічного положення.
1. Some children have predominantly mouth breathing due to the excessive growth of
lymphoid tissue. The growth of which structures is this conditioned by?
а. Lymph nodes
b. Pharyngeal and tubal tonsils
c. Lingual and palatine tonsils
d. Tongue and pharyngeal tonsils
e. Palatine and pharyngeal tonsils
4. A 13-year-old boy was brought to the reception ward in the hospital with the signs of
an internal bleeding after striking the left hypochondriac region. What organ is most
likely to be damaged?
a. Pancreas
b. Stomach
c. –
d. Left kidney
c. Spleen
5. The preparation contains an organ coated with a connective tissue capsule, from
which trabeculae branch out. The cortical substance, containing lymph nodes and
cerebellum, represented by the lymphoid cells can be distinguished. What organ is
represented on the preparation?
a. Lymph node
b. Thymus
c. Red bone marrow
d. Spleen
e. Tonsils
6. The intra-abdominal bleeding as a result of trauma of the chest on the left at the level
of IX and X ribs was diagnosed in the victim. What organ is suspected to be ruptured?
a. Stomach
b. Liver
c. Pancreas
d. Colon
e. Spleen
7. Children often have difficulty of nasal breathing, which is associated with excessive
development of the lymphoid tissue of the pharyngeal mucous membrane. Which
tonsils’growth can cause this phenomenon?
a. All named tonsils
b. Tonsilla tubaria
c. Tonsilla lingualis
d. Tonsilla pharyngea
e. Tonsilla palatine
8. In the histologic preparation the parenchyma of the organ is represented by a
lymphoid tissue that forms lymph nodes; the latter ones are diffusely located and
include the central artery. What anatomical formation has such a morphological
structure?
a. Thymus.
b. Red bone marrow.
c. Tonsil.
d. Spleen.
e. Lymph node.
9. During study of the thymus of a 5-year-old child who died from acute destructive
staphylococcal pneumonia, a decrease in the mass of the gland to 3. 0 g was detected.
During histological examination the following was found in the thymus: reduction of
the lobules of the gland, a significant decrease in the number of lymphocytes with the
collapse of the lobules’stroma, layers’ inversion, cystic extension of the Hassal’s
corpuscles. Which of the following diagnoses is most proper ones?
a. Thymus hypoplasia.
b. Thymus dysplasia.
c. Thymomegaly.
d. Thymus agenesis.
e. Accidental involution of thymus.
10. A person with gunshot wound accompanied with severe bleeding was delivered to the
hospital. During examination the surgeon found that the bullet canal passed through
the anterior abdominal wall, the stomach arches and went out at the level of the IX rib
on the left middle arterial line. What organ was injured along with a stomach injury?
a. Spleen.
b. The left lobe of the liver.
c. Pancreas.
d. Left kidney.
e. Transverse colon.
11. Щоб взяти спинномозкову рідину для дослідження лікар повинен зробити
пункцію підпавутинного простору спинного мозку. Між якими хребцями треба
ввести голку, щоб не пошкодити спинний мозок?
a. Між XII грудним і I поперековими хребцями.
b. Між IV і V грудними хребцями.
c. Між I і II поперековими хребцями.
d. Між ІІІ і IV поперековими хребцями.
e. Між XI і XII грудними хребцями.
1. A 65-year-old patient was diagnosed with the hemorrhage in the anterior horns of the
spinal cord. What are the functions of the anterior horns?
a. Parasympathetic.
b. Motor.
c. Sensory.
d. Mixed.
e. Sympathetic.
4. As a result of a car crash, a 50-year-old man was revealed the damage of the fifth
thoracic vertebra. What segment of the spinal cord could be damaged?
a. The sixth thoracic segment.
b. The fifth thoracic segment.
c. The third thoracic segment.
d. The seventh thoracic segment.
e. The fourth thoracic segment.
5. The integrity of the anterior root of the spinal cord is impaired as a result of an injury.
What kind of neurons’ processes in this case are damaged?
a. Axons of motor neurons.
b. Dendrites of interneurones.
c. Axons of sensory neurons.
d. Dendrites of motor neurons.
e. Dendrites of sensory neurons.
6. To take a cerebrospinal fluid for examination, the physician should make a puncture
of the subarachnoid space of the spinal cord. Between which vertebrae a needle is to
be inserted without damage of the spinal cord?
a. Between the twelfth thoracic and the lumbar vertebrae.
b. Between the eleventh and the twelfth thoracic vertebrae.
c. Between the fourth and the fifth thoracic vertebrae.
d. Between the first and the second lumbar vertebrae.
e. Between the third and the fourth lumbar vertebrae.
10. The patient has an epidural abscess (epiduritis) – an accumulaton of pus in the
epidurals of the spinal cord. Determine the localization of the pathological process.
a. -.
b. Between the dura matter and the arachnoid mater.
c. Between the pericranium and the dura mater.
d. Between the arachnoid and the pia mater.
e. Between the pia mater and the spinal cord.
11. A 32-year-old patient was hospitalized with a suspicion of meningitis. To confirm the
diagnosis, it is necessary to carry out a spinal puncture in a lumbar region. Which
cistern in this region is it possible to get a cerebrospinal fluid from?
a. Interpeduncular cistern.
b. Lateral cistern.
c. Terminal cistern.
d. Cisterna magna.
e. Ambient cistern.
12. In the car crash a victim was diagnosed a fracture of the spinous process and arc of
the eleventh thoracic vertebra. Which segments of the spinal cord are damaged?
a. Cervical.
b. Lumbar.
c. Sacral.
d. Coccygeal.
e. Thoracic.
1. The examination revealed the medial strabismus, which may be associated with the
damage of abducens nerve. Specify, where this nerve comes out of the brain?
a. Fossa interpeduncularis.
b. Sulcus bulbopontinus.
c. Angulus pontocerebellaris.
d. Sulcus anterolateralis medullae oblongatae.
e. Sulcus posterolateralis medullae oblongatae
2. As a result of the traffic accident the patient's orbit is damaged, which in turn caused
the damage to the third pair of cranial nerves. Specify, where the third pair of cranial
nerves comes out from the skull?
a. Superior orbital fissure.
b. Optic canal.
c. Foramen rotundum.
d. Foramen lacerum.
e. Foramen ovale.
3. A neurosurgeon during the operation on a brain stem found a neuroma in the area of
the cerebellopontine angle. Specify, which cranial nerves come out of the brain in the
area of the cerebellopontine angle?
a. VII, VIII.
b. IX, X.
c. VII, VIII, IX, X.
d. І, ІІ, VII, VIII.
e. ІІІ, ІV.
4. The patient is wounded with knife in his neck. You suspect damage of the nervus
accessorius in the back triangle of the neck. Where does this nerve come out from
the brain stem?
a. Sulcus posterolateralis medullae oblongatae.
b. Sulcus anterolateralis medullae oblongatae.
c. Fossa interpeduncularis.
d. Angulus pontocerebellaris.
e. Sulcus bulbopontinus.
5. A man with symptoms of facial nerve inflammation appealed to the doctor: on the
affected side of the face there are smoothed skin folds, the eye on the diseased side
does not close, the lower eyelid is lowered. The cheek is veliform, especially in the
pronunciation of the consonant sounds, and the food falls out while eating and
drinking. Specify the site of exit of the facial nerve from the brain?
a. Cerebellopontine angle.
b. Posterolateral sulcus of the medulla oblongata.
c. Anterolateral sulcus of the medulla oblongata.
d. Interpeduncular fossa.
e. Anteriorly of middle cerebellar peduncles.
7. The malignant tumor damaged the glossopharyngeal nerve. Specify, where does this
nerve come out of the skull?
a. Foramen lacerum.
b. Internal acoustic meatus.
c. Jugular foramen.
d. Stylomastoid foramen.
e. Foramen magnum.
8. The loss of taste sensitivity of the anterior two thirds of the tongue indicates damage
to the facial nerve. Specify, where this nerve comes out of the skull?
a. Foramen rotundum.
b. Foramen ovale.
c. Stylomastoid foramen.
d. Jugular foramen.
e. Foramen lacerum.
9. During the surgical intervention on the lower surface of the brain, the neurosurgeon
found a pathological process in the area of the collateral sulcus (sulcus collateralis).
In what part of the brain is this sulcus located?
a. Frontal.
b. Occipital.
c. -.
d. Temporal.
e. Parietal.
10. A young woman appealed to the neuropathist with the complaints of acute, burning
pain in the area of the cheek and lower jaw. The pain is provoked by the slightest
touch and manipulations with the facial skin. The doctor made the diagnosis:
trigeminal neuralgia. Where does this nerve come out from the brain?
a. Posterolateral sulcus of the medulla oblongata.
b. Cerebellopontine angle.
c. Interpeduncular fossa.
d. Anterolateral sulcus of the medulla oblongata.
e. Anteriorly of middle cerebellar peduncles.
1. The neurosurgeon found a tumor in the area of trapezoid body while performing a
computed tomography scan. In which part of the brain is this formation located?
a. Cerebellum.
b. Pons.
c. Medulla oblongata.
d. Diencephalon.
e. Mesencephalon.
2. In a patient the tumor damaged the pyramids of the medulla oblongata. In what ways
carrying out of nerve impulses will be damaged?
a. Tr. corticonuclearis.
b. T. dentatorubralis.
c. Tr. corticopontinus.
d. Tr. corticospinalis.
e. Tr. spinocerebellar.
3. As a result of the destruction of certain structures of the brain stem, the animal lost
its orienting reflexes. What structures were destroyed?
a. Medial nuclei of the reticular formation.
b. Vestibular nuclei.
c. Quadrigeminal bodies.
d. Substantia nigra.
e. Red nuclei.
4. In patient with ischemic attack swallowing is damaged. What part of the brain was
injured?
a. Midbrain.
b. Cervical region of the spinal cord.
c. Telencephalon.
d. Brain stem.
e. Diencephalon.
5. There is a patient in the neurological department with the symptoms of the so-called
oral automatism (involuntary movements carried out with the help of the circular
muscle of the mouth or chewing muscles in response to the mechanical irritation of
certain areas of the skin), which is caused by involvement into the pathological
process of the nuclei of the V and VII pairs of cranial nerves. Where is the motor
nucleus of the trigeminal nerve located?
a. Olives of the medulla oblongata.
b. Ventral portion of the pons.
c. Pyramids of the medulla oblongata.
d. Inferior colliculi of the midbrain tectal plate.
e. Dorsal part of the pons.
9. In a person as a result of a brain injury there was a deprivation of the thoracic breath
with the preservation of the diaphragm one. In which localization of the damage can
it happen?
a. Between the cervical and thoracic segments of the spinal cord.
b. At the level of the Pons Varoli.
c. At the level of the 8th thoracic segment of the spinal cord.
d. At the level of the reticular formation of the brainstem.
e. At the level of the 1st cervical segment of the spinal cord.
10. During examination, the patient was diagnosed with eye disorders as internal
strabismus. It is a manifestation of the damage of the nucleus of the VI pair of cranial
nerves. Where is the nucleus of the abducent nerve localized?
a. Olives of the medulla oblongata.
b. Dorsal part of the pons.
c. Inferior colliculi of the tectal plate of midbrain.
d. Ventral portion of the pons.
e. Pyramids of the medulla oblongata.
11. In patient there is a transverse spinal cord rupture below the sixth thoracic segment.
How does breathing pattern change as a result of this?
a. Will stop.
b. Essentially does not change.
c. Will become more frequent.
d. Will become deeper.
e. Will become more infrequent.
12. During surgery on the organs of the abdominal cavity a reflectory cardiac arrest
occured. Where is the reflex center?
a. Midbrain.
b. Diencephalon.
c. Spinal cord.
d. Cortex of large hemispheres.
e. Medulla oblongata.
2. During examination the doctor found that the patient has the lowered shoulder girdle,
the shoulder blade isn’t snug against the spine, the patient cannot turn his head to
the side, raise his outstretched arms above the horizontal level. The XI pair of cranial
nerve (nervus accessorius) damage was diagnosed. This nerve has the following
nuclei:
a. Nucleus tractus solitarii.
b. Nucleus tractus solitarii, nucleus ambiguus.
c. Nucleus ambiguus, nucleus (spinalis) nervi accessorii.
d. Nucleus tractus solitarii, nucleus ambiguus, nucleus spinalis nervi accessorii.
e. Nucleus salivatorius inferior, nucleus spinalis nervi accessorii.
6. The patient appealed to a health care institution with the complaints of unilateral taste
loss in the back third of the tongue and swallowing discomfort. Further examination
of the patient gave reason to state the lesion of the glossopharyngeal nerve by the
pathological process of the nuclei. Where is the projection of these nuclei located in
the rhomboid fossa?
a. In vagal trigone.
b. In hypoglossal trigone.
c. In lateral corners of rhomboid fossa.
d. In facial colliculus.
e. In medial eminence.
7. After hemorrhagic stroke, the patient has a lowering of half of the face (eyebrows,
corners of the eyes and mouth). On the affected side there are the smooth skin folds,
asymmetrical smile. Such manifestations are the signs of damage to the motor
nucleus of the facial nerve. Where is it projected onto a rhomboid fossa?
a. In medial eminence.
b. In vestibular area.
c. Laterally (deeper) to facial colliculus.
d. In lateral corners of the rhomboid fossa.
e. In medullary stria of the IV ventricle.
8. A 6-year-old child was diagnosed with the pathologic process in the area of the IV
ventricular floor during computed tomography. Which formation of the brain that
forms the floor of the IV ventricle?
a. Cerebellar peduncles.
b. Cerebral peduncles.
c. Hypothalamus.
d. Rhomboid fossa.
e. Thalamus.
10. After suffered meningoencephalitis, the patient was diagnosed with the residual
phenomena in the area of rhomboid fossa. The nuclei of which cranial nerves are not
projected onto the rhomboid fossa?
a. V, VI, VII.
b. I, II.
c. IX, X.
d. I, II, III, IV.
e. V, VI.
1. In patient chorea was diagnosed. In this disease there are accompanied and forced
movements. What structures of the brain are involved in this case?
a. Pulvinar thalami.
b. Fasciculus longitudinalis medialis.
c. Fasciculus longitudinalis posterior.
d. Substantia nigra et corpus striatum.
e. Nucleus ruber.
2. In heart attack of a. cerebri posteriores the posterior hypothalamic area, Lewis body,
the dentato-rubro-thalamic pathway are damaged. In what cerebellar peduncles’
composion does the cerebellar-red nuclear path occur?
a. Superior.
b. Cerebral peduncle.
c. Medial.
d. Peduncle of flocculus.
e. Inferior.
3. When pushing the bar, the athlete throws his head back to maximize the tone of
extensor muscles of the upper extremities. Where are the centers of reflexes located,
which appear in this case?
a. Red nuclei.
b. Spinal cord.
c. Deiters’ nuclei.
d. Motor cortex.
e. Basal ganglia.
4. Due to the destruction of certain structures of the brain stem, an animal lost
orientational reflexes. What structures were destroyed?
a. Vestibular nuclei.
b. Substantia nigra.
c. Lamina quadrigemina.
d. Medial nuclei of reticular formation.
e. Red nuclei.
5. In cat with decerebral rigidity it is necessary to reduce the muscle tone. This can be
achieved by:
a. Irritation of ampullar vestibular receptors.
b. Destruction of Deiters’ vestibular nuclei.
c. Irritation of Deiters’ vestibular nuclei.
d. Irritation of otolithic vestibular receptors.
e. Irritation of the vestibule-auditory nerve.
6. A 50-year-old patient with closed craniocerebral trauma in the area of the occipital
bone was hospitalized. During the examination there were revealed: movement
disorder, imbalance violation and tremor. What part of the brain is damaged?
a. Medulla oblongata.
b. Spinal cord.
c. Diencephalon.
d. Cerebellum.
e. Pons.
7. During heart attack of a. cerebri posterior there is often a syndrome of red nucleus –
paralysis of the oculomotor nerve on the side of the lesion and trembling of the limbs
on the opposite side. Where are the nuclei of the oculomotor nerve projected?
a. Eminentia medialis fossaе rhomboideі.
b. Sulcus limitans.
c. Locus caeruleus.
d. Сolliculus superiores mesencephali.
e. Сolliculus inferiores mesencephali.
9. Due to the damage of a. cerebri posteriores very often there is a so-called red
nucleus syndrome –paralysis of the oculomotor nerve on the side of the pathological
center, trembling of the limbs on the opposite side. Which part of the brain is
affected?
a. Epithalamus.
b. Hypothalamus.
c. Metathalamus.
d. Thalamus.
e. Mesencephalon.
10. Patient is quickly tired during work. Standing with his eyes closed, he shakes, loses
his balance. Tone of skeletal muscles is lowered. Which of the following brain
structures is most likely to be damaged?
a. Precentral gyrus of the cerebral cortex.
b. Cerebellum.
c. Limbic system.
d. Thalamus.
e. Basal ganglia.
11. Patients with local damage of the brain stem (in neurosyphilis) conduction paths in
the peduncles of the brain are damaged. Which leading pathway forms decussatio
tegmenti dorsalis?
a. Tr. rubrospinalis.
b. Tr. corticospinalis anterior.
c. Tr. tectospinalis.
d. Tr. corticonuclearis.
e. T. corticospinalis lateralis.
1. A boy aged 8 years was brought to the endocrinology department with early
secondary genital characteristics (muscles development, hair on face and pubis).
The function of which gland is broken?
a. Anterior lobe of the pituitary gland.
b. Pineal.
c. Thyroid.
d. Thymus.
e. Posterior lobe of the pituitary gland.
3. As a result of the ischemic stroke of the patient aged 60 years, the intense
unlocalized pain of burning character in one half of the body occur. The doctor
suspected the symptoms of thalamic pain syndrome. The subcortical center of
almost all types of sensitivity is the nuclei of gray matter of:
a. Thalamus.
b. Metathalamus.
c. Hypothalamus.
d. Mesencephalon.
e. Epithalamus.
4. As a result of impaired blood supply to the brain, the patient had symptoms of
damage to the metathalamus in the area of the medial geniculate bodies. Subcortical
center of which type of sensitivity is damaged?
a. Smelling.
b. Tactile sensitivity.
c. Vision.
d. Hearing.
e. Taste.
5. Girl aged 10 years old during the clinical examination the signs of premature
pubescence were revealed. Reduction of the function of which endocrine gland
could cause this phenomenon?
a. Thymus.
b. Parathyroid glands.
c. Epiphysis.
d. Medulla of the adrenal glands.
e. Thyroid gland.
6. As a result of impaired blood supply to the brain, the symptoms of thalamic damage
have developed. What kind of sensitivity was not violated?
a. Vision.
b. Smelling.
c. Tactile sensitivity.
d. Hearing.
e. Pain sensitivity.
9. In a patient aged 65 years after a stroke, there were symptoms of impaired visual
attention concentration, and the ability to respond to visual signals was lost. The
doctor diagnosed the pathology of the thalamus. In which part of the thalamus are
the fibers of the optic tract synapse on?
a. Medial nuclei.
b. Pulvinar.
c. Anterior nuclei.
d. Median nuclei.
e. Lateral nuclei.
11. In a patient aged 42 years with essential tremor (trembling (tremor) of the hands and,
rarely, head, voice or other parts of the body) without the effect of drug therapy, deep
thalamus stimulation is prescribed. In which part of the brain is this anatomical
formation located?
a. Mesencephalon.
b. Telencephalon.
c. Diencephalon.
d. Medulla oblongata.
e. Spinal medulla.
3. До лікаря звернулася мати син якої за літо виріс на 18 см. При обстеженні хлопця
12 років: зріст – 180 см, вага 68 кг. З порушенням діяльності якої ендокринної
залози це пов’язано?
a. Статевих.
b. Щитоподібної.
c. Епіфіза.
d. Наднирникових.
e. Гіпофіза.
7. The very tall patient with long thick fingers, large lower jaw and drooping lower lip came
to the reception room of the doctor. The increased secretion of the hormone of which of
the glands can be suspected?
a. Somatotropic hormone of the anterior part of the pituitary gland.
b. Antidiuretic hormone of the posterior part of the pituitary gland.
c. Gonadotropic hormone of the anterior part of the pituitary gland.
d. Hormones of the thyroid gland.
e. Hormones of the adrenal gland from the group of glucocorticoids.
8. У хворої 40 років характерні проливні поти, частий біль голови, збільшення маси
тіла, набрякання м’яких тканин, зміна тембру голосу, збільшення кистей рук, стоп,
лицьової частини черепа (носа, щелепи, лобових пазух) та язика, риси обличчя
стають грубими, гіпертрихоз. Дана клінічна картина характерна для пухлини що
синтезує соматотропний гормон гіпофіза. В ділянці якої черепної ямки
розташований гіпофіз?
a. Передня черепна ямка.
b. Крило-піднебінна ямка.
c. Середня черепна ямка.
d. Задня черепна ямка.
e. Скронева ямка.
10. При оглядi пацiєнта виявлене надмiрне розростання кiсток i м’яких тканин
обличчя, збiльшенi розмiри язика, розширенi мiжзубнi промiжки в збiльшенiй
зубнiй дузi. Якi змiни секрецiї гормонiв у нього найбiльш вiрогiднi?
a. Збiльшена секрецiя iнсулiну.
b. Зменшена секрецiя iнсулiну.
c. Збiльшена секрецiя соматотропного гормону.
d. Зменшена секрецiя соматотропного гормону.
e. Зменшена секрецiя тироксину.
12. Хворій 30 р., лікар виставив діагноз нецукровий діабет. З порушенням діяльності
якої ендокринної залози це пов‘язано?
a. Наднирникових.
b. Гіпофізу.
c. Епіфіза.
d. Щитоподібної.
e. Статевих.
13. У хворої жінки, 50 років, виявлено пухлину мозку у ділянці зорової частини
гіпоталамуса. В крові хворої підвищений рівень вазопресину. Яке ядро
гіпоталамуса продукує цей гормон?
a. Nucl. paraventricularis.
b. Nucl. preopticus.
c. Nucl. supraopticus.
d. Nucl. corporis mamillaris.
e. Nucl. infundibularis.
15. У людини виявлена пухлина одного з вiддiлiв головного мозку, внаслiдок чого в
неї порушена здатнiсть пiдтримувати нормальну температуру тiла. Яка структура
головного мозку пошкоджена?
a. Гiпоталамус.
b. Мозочок.
c. Стрiатум.
d. Таламус.
e. Чорна субстанцiя.
19. Хвора Б. 50 років скаржиться на те, що останнім часом вуха, ніс, кисті почали
збільшуватись в розмірі. Гіперфункція якої залози дасть подібні симптоми?
a. Статевих.
b. Епіфіза.
c. Наднирникових.
d. Гіпофіза.
e. Щитоподібної
20. Внаслідок росту пухлини в порожнину ІІІ шлуночка головного мозку у пацієнта
розвивається вегетативні розлади у вигляді порушення сну, терморегуляції, всіх
видів обміну, нецукровий діабет. Подразнення ядер якої ділянки головного мозку
викликало ці симптоми?
a. Довгастого мозку.
b. Гіпоталамуса.
c. Покришки середнього мозку.
d. Ніжок мозку.
e. Моста.
26. До лікаря звернувся чоловік 27 років. При огляді було виявлено збільшення
розмірів кисті, стопи та нижньої щелепи. Крім того, спостерігалося деформація
суглобів і хребта, гормональні порушення (імпотенція, атрофія яєчка), функція
якої залози порушена?
a. Прищитоподібних залоз.
b. Шишкоподібного тіла.
c. Щитоподібної залози.
d. Надниркових залоз.
e. Передньої частини гіпофізу.
1. In a sick woman, 50 years old, a tumor of the brain was found in the area of the visual
part of the hypothalamus. In the blood of the patient, vasopressin level is increased.
a. Nucl. paraventricularis.
b. Nucl. supraopticus.
c. Nucl. corporis mamillaris.
d. Nucl. infundibularis.
e. Nucl. preopticus.
2. The patient has a violation of the synthesis and release of vasopressin. In which part of
the nephron is the most affected urine formation process?
a. Thin part of Henle's loop.
b. Proximal convoluted tubule.
c. Collector tubule.
d. Thick part of the loop of Henle.
e. Glomerulus.
3. The mother whose son during the summer grew by 18 cm appealed to the doctor.
Examination of a guy aged 12 years showed: height - 180 cm, weight 68 kg. With the
violation of which of the endocrine gland is this involved with?
a. Thyroid.
b. Gonadal.
c. Adrenal.
d. Pituitary.
e. Epiphysis.
4. The patient is diagnosed with a tumor of the pineal gland. At the level of which
anatomical formation the cerebro-spinial fluid outflow from the III ventricle of the brain
coud be damaged?
a. Interventricular foramen.
b. Posterior horn of the lateral ventricle.
c. Fourth ventricle.
d. Anterior horn of the lateral ventricle.
e. Aqueduct of cerebrum.
5. Patient B. 50 years old complains that recently the ears, nose, and wrists began to
increase in size. Hyperfunction of which gland will give such symptoms?
a. Genital.
b. Epiphysis.
c. Thyroid.
d. Pituitary.
e. Adrenal
6. A woman has the weakness of labor activity (the weakness of the contraction of
myometrium). Level of which hormone is lowered in a pregnant woman?
a. Somatotropic hormone.
b. Parathormone.
c. Corticosteroids.
d. Thyroxine.
e. Oxytocin.
7. Due to the growth of the tumor into the cavity of the III ventricle of the brain, the
vegetative disorders in the form of sleep disorder, thermoregulation, all types of
metabolism, diabetes insipidus develop in patient. Irritation of the nuclei of which brain
area caused these symptoms?
a. Tectum mesencephali.
b. Pons.
c. Cerebral peduncles.
d. Hypothalamus.
e. Medulla oblongata
8. There are the symptoms of lesion of the oculomotor nerve (Parinaud's dorsal midbrain
syndrome) due to the damage of a. cerebri posteriores (supplies with blood the
quadrigeminal plate of the midbrain) in a patient. Which wall of the III ventricle forms
comissura cerebri posterior?
a. Posterior.
b. Inferior.
c. Lateral.
d. Anterior.
e. Superior.
9. During the X-ray examination of the skull, an increase in the size of the Turkish saddle
as a result of the tumor-like formation of the brain was found. Which part of the brain
has undergone pathological changes?
a. Tectum mesencephali.
b. Metathalamus.
c. Thalamus dorsalis.
d. Hypothalamus.
e. Epithalamus.
10. Gigantism developed in a man. Function of which gland of the internal secretion is
broken?
a. Thyroid.
b. Adrenal.
c. Pituitary.
d. Epiphysis.
e. Thymus
11. A patient has hydrocephaly-dropsy of brain. MRI showed the enlargement of the third
ventricle. The occlusion of the circulation of cerebro-spinal fluid occurred at the level of
the aqueduct of cerebtum. On which wall of the third ventricle is the aqueduct of
cerebtum located?
a. Anterior.
b. Posterior.
c. Superior.
d. Inferior.
e. Lateral.
12. In a patient aged 40 years old there are characteristic drenching sweating, frequent
headaches, increase of body weight, swelling of soft tissues, change of the voice
quality, increase of hands, feet, front part of the skull (nose, jaws, frontal sinuses) and
tongue, facial features become rough, hypertrichosis. This clinical picture is
characteristic of the tumor synthesizing the somatotropic hormone of the pituitary
gland. In the area of which cranial fossa is the pituitary gland located?
a. Anterior cranial fossa.
b. Pterygopalatine fossa.
c. Middle cranial fossa.
d. Posterior cranial fossa.
e. Temporal fossa
13. During the examination of the patient, excessive growth of the bones and soft tissues
of the face, the enlarged tongue size, and interdental spaces in the enlarged dental arch
were revealed. What changes in the secretion of hormones are most probable to him?
a. Reduced secretion of insulin.
b. Reduced secretion of somatotropic hormone.
c. Increased secretion of insulin.
d. Increased secretion of somatotropic hormone.
e. Reduced secretion of thyroxine.
14. The doctor diagnosed diabetes insipidus in a patient aged 30 years. With the violation
of which of the endocrine glands is this connected with?
a. Thyroid.
b. Hypophysis.
c. Epiphysis.
d. Genital.
e. Adrenal.
15. A tumor of one of the brain departments has been detected in a person, resulting in
disorder of his ability to maintain the normal body temperature. What structure of the
brain is damaged?
a. Hypothalamus.
b. Cerebellum.
c. Black substance.
d. Striatum.
e. Thalamus
17. A patient has bulimia – an increased sense of hunger. The damage of the receptors of
the hypothalamic region, which signals the brain about the accumulation of
carbohydrates in the blood, is detected. Which brain is affected?
a. Medulla oblongata.
b. Mesencephalon.
c. Medulla oblongata.
d. Diencephalon.
e. Pons.
18. A man aged 27 years appealed to a doctor. During examination, an increase in the size
of the wrist, foot, and mandible was found. In addition, there was a deformation of the
joints and the spine, hormonal disorders (impotence, testicular atrophy). The function
of which gland is broken?
a. Pineal.
b. Adrenal glands.
c. Anterior lobe of the pituitary gland.
d. Thyroid gland.
e. Parathyroid glands
19. A man at the age of 28 years appealed to the physician. He had an increase in the
length of the fingers of the upper and lower extremities, lower jaw. In addition, there
was a deformation of the joints and the spine (kiphosis), hormonal disorders
(impotence, testicular atrophy). Excessive production of a hormone of which gland
causes this patient's condition?
a. Thyroid gland.
b. Anterior lobe of the pituitary gland.
c. Epiphysis.
d. Parathyroid glands.
e. Adrenal glands.
20. During the X-ray examination of the bones of the base of the skull, an increase in the
cavity of the Turkish saddle, thinning of the anterior inclined processes, the destruction
of various sections of the Turkish saddle were revealed. Tumor of which endocrine
gland can cause such destruction of bones?
a. Thymus.
b. Thyroid gland.
c. Epiphysis.
d. Hypophysis.
e. Adrenal.
21. In a patient aged 42 years there is observed a narrowing of the field of view, symptoms
of hypopituitarism. Doctors link this clinical symptomatology to the pituitary
macroadenoma, which is accompanied by optic nerves compression. In the area of
which anatomical formation is the pituitary gland located?
a. Fissura orbitalis superior.
b. Foramen lacerum.
c. Protuberаntia occipitalis interna.
d. Lamina cribrosa.
e. Sella turсіca.
22. In the 28-year-old patient, the prolonged vomiting led to dehydration of the organism.
The increased secretion of which hormone will primarily contribute to preserving water
in the body?
a. Vasopressin.
b. Aldosteron.
c. Thyroxine.
d. Calcitonin.
e. Somatostatin.
23. The very tall patient with long thick fingers, large lower jaw and drooping lower lip came
to the reception room of the doctor. The increased secretion of the hormone of which of
the glands can be suspected?
a. Somatotropic hormone of the anterior part of the pituitary gland.
b. Antidiuretic hormone of the posterior part of the pituitary gland.
c. Gonadotropic hormone of the anterior part of the pituitary gland.
d. Hormones of the thyroid gland.
e. Hormones of the adrenal gland from the group of glucocorticoids.
7. Хворий, який три місяці тому отримав травму голови, чує мову, розуміє її, але
не може правильно назвати предмет. В якій частці кори великих півкуль є
ушкодження?
a. Середня скронева.
b. Верхня скронева.
c. Верхня лобова.
d. Середня лобова.
e. Нижня лобова.
14. На плановий прийом до педiатра батьки привели дитину вiком 13 мiсяцiв. Пiд
час повного огляду лiкар перевiрив розвиток II сигнальної системи дитини.
Назвiть перiод, коли у людини вперше з’являються ознаки розвитку II
сигнальної системи:
a. 2, 5-3 роки.
b. 1, 5-2 роки.
c. 2-2, 5 роки.
d. 6-12 мiсяцiв.
e. 3-5 рокiв.
15. Після ЧМТ у хворого 39 років спостерігається втрата можливості складати
логічні та осмислені речення з окремих слів (аграматизм). В яких ділянках кори
півкуль в нормі локалізується відповідний за цю функцію центр?
a. Лобовий полюс.
b. Очкоямкова частина.
c. Задній відділ верхньої лобової звивини.
d. Передній відділ верхньої лобової звивини.
e. Центральний відділ нижньої лобової звивини.
17. Хворий не може розмовляти, але розуміє звернену до нього мову. Яка із
структур головного мозку ушкоджена?
a. Gyrus frontalis superior.
b. Gyrus precentralis.
c. Gyrus frontalis inferior.
d. Gyrus postcentralis.
e. Gyrus temporalis superior.
18. Хворий не розуміє змісту слів, а також не розуміє власної мови (словесна
глухота). Яка із звивин великих півкуль головного мозку уражена?
a. Нижня лобова.
b. Зацентральна.
c. Нижня тім'яна долька.
d. Верхня скронева.
e. Верхня тім'яна долька.
19. У жінки виявлене порушення з боку дотикової чутливості. Яка ділянка мозку
ушкоджена?
a. Мозочок.
b. Довгастий мозок.
c. Передня центральна звивина кори.
d. Зацентральна звивина кори.
e. Скронева ділянка кори.
21. Хворий втратив здатність читати (алексія). У якій частині головного мозку
ураження?
a. Кутова закрутка тім’яної частки великого мозку.
b. Верхня скронева закрутка скроневої частки великого мозку.
c. Прицентральна часточка лобової частки великого мозку.
d. Зацентральна закрутка тім’яної частки великого мозку.
e. Середня лобова закрутка лобової частки великого мозку.
2. Ataxia is observed in a patient, the body teeters while standing due to the damage of
the nucleus of the position analyzer and the movement of the head (static analyzer).
In what area of the cerebral cortex is the damage localized?
a. Gyrus supramarginalis.
b. Gyrus temporalis superior.
c. Gyrus temporalis medialis et inferior.
d. Gyrus parietalis superior.
e. Gyrus frontalis superior.
3. In the patient due to a craniocerebral trauma there is a reduced skin sensitivity. What
area of the cerebral cortex could be affected?
a. Anterior central gyrus.
b. Posterior central gyrus.
c. Frontal area of cortex.
d. Occipital area.
e. Cingulate sulcus.
4. After hemorrhage in the brain (hemorrhagic stroke), the patient began to pronounce
words with great effort, that is, there was a motor aphasia. Which gyrus of the brain
is damaged in this case?
a. Inferior frontal.
b. Superior frontal.
c. Middle frontal.
d. Superior temporal.
e. Inferior temporal.
5. The patient has lost the ability to recognize objects according to their typical sounds
(clock, bell, music). What part of the brain is damaged?
a. Lobus occipitalis.
b. Lobus temporalis.
c. Lobus parietalis.
d. Insula.
e. Lobus frontalis.
6. In a patient aged 26 years after the surgical operation, the ability to read, compose
letters into words and phrases has disappeared. What part of the cerebral cortex this
function isn’t restored in?
a. Gyrus supramarginalis.
b. Sulcus calcarinus.
c. Cuneus.
d. Gyrus anqularis.
e. Gyrus parietalis superior.
7. A five-year-old right-handed child after a craniocerebral trauma for some time lost
the ability to speak, but after a long time this ability has returned. Which hemisphere
was injured and due to which of the properties of CNS of children the speech
restoration became possible?
a. Left hemisphere, inertness.
b. Both hemispheres, inertness.
c. Right hemisphere, mobility.
d. Right hemisphere, plasticity.
e. Left hemisphere, plasticity.
8. A patient neither understands the meaning of words, nor understands his own
language (verbal deafness). Which of the gyri of the cerebral hemispheres is
affected?
a. Inferior parietal lobule.
b. Superior parietal lobule.
c. Inferior frontal.
d. Superior temporal.
e. Postcentral.
9. Parents brought a child aged 13 months for the routine examination in the
pediatrician. During the full examination, the physician checked the development of
the child's signaling system II. Name the period when the first signs of development
of the II signaling system appear in a person:
a. 2. 5-3 years.
b. 6-12 months.
c. 1. 5-2 years.
d. 3-5 years.
e. 2-2. 5 years.
10. The patient has a paralysis of the muscles of the upper and lower extremities to the
left. Which of the gyri of the cerebral hemispheres is affected?
a. Precentral.
b. Middle frontal.
c. Inferior frontal.
d. Postcentral.
e. Superior frontal.
11. After a cerebrocranial trauma (CCT) in a patient aged 39 years there is a violation of
motor centers that regulate the activity of facial muscles. In what parts of the
hemispheric cortex is the respective center (nucleus) of the cortex localized
normally?
a. Supramarginal gyrus.
b. Inferior part of the precentral gyrus.
c. Superior part of the precentral gyrus.
d. Parietal gyrus.
e. Angular gyrus.
12. After craniocerebral trauma (CCT), a 39-year-old patient experiences a loss of
opportunity to make logical and meaningful sentences using individual words
(agrammatism). In what parts of the hemispheres' cortex is the center responsible for
this function localized?
a. Orbital part.
b. Frontal pole.
c. Posterior part of the superior frontal gyrus.
d. Anterior part of the superior frontal gyrus.
e. Central part of the inferior frontal gyrus.
13. A woman has been found a sensitivity disorder. What part of the brain is damaged?
a. Cerebellum.
b. The temporal area of cortex.
c. Postcentral gyrus of cortex.
d. Anterior central gyrus of cortex.
e. Medulla oblongata.
14. Patient has motor aphasia. What is the localization of the affection of the nervous
system?
a. Inferior frontal gyrus.
b. Sublingual nerve.
c. Angular gyrus.
d. Superior temporal gyrus.
e. Middle frontal gyrus.
15. The patient had a hemorrhage in the occipital area, in the area of calcarine sulcus.
What functions of the organism were affected at this?
a. Absent oflaction.
b. Absent sensitivity.
c. Absent hearing.
d. Absent vision.
e. Absent movements.
16. A patient with complaints about the loss of the ability to write words appealed to the
physician. Diagnosis of written aphasia is made. Which of brain analyzers is
affected?
a. Cortical center of sensory speech analyzer [Wernicke's area].
b. Cortical center of motor analyzer [primary motor cortex].
c. Cortical center of the motor analyzer of oral speech [Broca's area].
d. Cortical center of the visual analyzer [primary visual cortex].
e. Cortical center of the motor analyzer of written language.
17. The patient has a hemorrhage in the posterior central gyrus. The violation of which
kind of sensitivity on the opposite side will it lead to?
a. Visual.
b. Olfactory and taste.
c. Auditory.
d. Auditory and visual.
e. Cutaneous and propioceptive.
18. A patient aged 45 years suffered from severe cerebral circulation. After stabilization
of the general condition, there is a loss of the ability to clearly pronounce the words.
Damage of which part of the cerebral cortex has caused a violation of the speech-
motor center?
a. Angularis.
b. Temporalis superior.
c. Precentralis.
d. Supramarginalis.
e. Frontalis inferior.
19. After a craniocerebral injury, the patient experiences a loss of the ability to perform
complicated coordinated movements (apraxia). In what part of the hemispheric
cortex is the corresponding center (the nucleus of the motor analyzer) localized
normally?
a. Gyrus parahipocampalis.
b. Gyrus angularis.
c. Gyrus lingualis.
d. Gyrus supramarginalis.
e. Gyrus paracentralis.
20. The patient has lost the ability to read (alexia). In what part of the brain is the lesion?
a. Superior temporal gyrus of the temporal lobe of the cerebrum.
b. Precentral lobule of the frontal lobe of the cerebrum.
c. Middle frontal gyrus of the frontal lobe of the cerebrum.
d. Postcentral gyrus of the parietal lobe of the cerebrum.
e. Angular gyrus of the parietal lobe of the cerebrum.
21. The patient has been diagnosed with posttraumatic subarachnoid hematoma of the
thymus area. During examination there is the loss of general sensitivity. In what
gyrus did the changes take place?
a. Postcentral.
b. Angular.
c. Superior parietal.
d. Superior temporal.
e. Precentral.
22. A patient who had some head injury three months ago, hears the speech,
understands it, but can not correctly name the subject. What lobule of the
hemispheres’ cerebral cortex is damaged?
a. Inferior frontal.
b. Superior frontal.
c. Middle temporal.
d. Middle frontal.
e. Superior temporal.
23. Patient B. was brought to the neurosurgical department after a car accident with a
craniocerebral trauma. There was determined the damage of the cortex of the
posterior part of the inferior frontal gyrus on the left. The function of the center of
which analyzer is broken in this case?
a. Hearing.
b. Motor analyzer of speech articulation.
c. Motor analyzer of written speech.
d. Motor.
e. Skin.
24. The patient can not speak, but understands the speech. Which of the structures of
the brain is damaged?
a. Gyrus frontalis superior.
b. Gyrus frontalis inferior.
c. Gyrus temporalis superior.
d. Gyrus precentralis.
e. Gyrus postcentralis.
25. The patient (right-hander) complains of the loss of the ability to perform fine motor
activity necessary for drawing letters, words and other signs (agraphia). What area of
the cerebral cortex is affected?
a. Middle part of the precentral gyrus to the left.
b. Posterior part of the middle frontal gyrus to the right.
c. Posterior part of the middle frontal gyrus in the left hemisphere.
d. Angular gyrus and calcarine sulcus in both hemispheres.
e. Middle part of the precentral gyrus is to the right.
26. Patient has a sensory aphasia. What is the localization of the nervous system
damage?
a. Middle temporal gyrus.
b. Middle frontal gyrus.
c. Superior temporal gyrus.
d. Vestibulocochlear nerve.
e. Inferior frontal gyrus.
27. After craniocerebral trauma (CCT) in a patient of 48 years, there is a loss of function
of the common turn of the head and eyeballs to the opposite direction. In what parts
of the hemispheric cortex is the center (nucleus) responsible for this function
localized normally?
a. Posterior part of the superior frontal gyrus.
b. Frontal pole.
c. Posterior part of the middle frontal gyrus.
d. Inferior parietal lobule.
e. Angular gyrus.
28. The patient aged 63 years appealed to a neuropathologist with a complaint that
within three months he couldn’t perform joinery work that requires accuracy, as his
right hand makes a lot of purposeless movements. The study revealed that in the
patient was damaged:
a. Gyrus supramarginalis.
b. Gyrus postcentralis.
c. Gyrus precentralis.
d. Gyrus angularis.
e. Gyrus temporalis superior.
29. Будова головного мозку на серединному перерізі. Борозни і звивини
присередньої та нижньої поверхонь півкуль великого мозку.
1. Хворому 54 років при томографії головного мозку діагностовано пухлину, яка
розміщена в calcar avis. Порушення якої функції розвинеться у хворого, якщо
пухлина буде активно збільшуватись в розмірах?
a. Порушення функції смаку
b. Порушення функції нюха
c. Порушення фунуції зору
d. Порушення функції слуху
e. Порушення функції вестибулярного апарату
1. The patient aged 45 years old was performed tomography and a tumor on the medial
surface of the cerebrum in the middle third of sulcus calcarinus was found. Which
other brain structures are most likely to be damaged?
a. Cuneus et gyrus dentatus.
b. Precuneus et gyrus dentatus.
c. Precuneus et gyrus lingualis et gyrus dentatus.
d. Cuneus et gyrus lingualis.
e. Precuneus et gyrus lingualis.
2. Which of the following structures is on the lower surface of the telencephalon
hemispheres?
a. Dentate gyrus (gyrus dentatus).
b. Lingual gyrus (gyrus lingualis).
c. All the below listed answers are correct.
d. Hippocampal sulcus (sulcus hippocampalis).
e. Orbital gyri (gyri orbitales).
4. After a severe closed craniocerebral trauma, the patient ceased to recognize the
faces of relatives. Which cortical center is damaged?
a. Cortex of the postcentral gyrus.
b. Cortex around the calcarine sulcus.
c. Cortex of the precentral gyrus.
d. Cortex of the supramarginal gyrus.
e. Cortex of the superior temporal gyrus.
5. Which of the following structures is absent on the lower surface of the telencephalon
hemispheres?
a. Hippocampal sulcus (sulcus hippocampalis).
b. Orbital gyri (gyri orbitales).
c. Lunar sulcus (sulcus lunatus).
d. Uncus (uncus).
e. Lingual gyrus (gyrus lingualis).
6. In a patient aged 48 years with hemorrhage into the substance of the brain in the
area of the medial surface of the occipital lobe, the impairment of sight is observed.
Which anatomical structure is responsible for this disorder?
a. Sulcus lunatus.
b. Gyrus lingualis.
c. Sulcus calcarinus.
d. Operculum parietale.
e. Uncus.
9. During a brain tomography a 54-year-old patient was diagnosed with tumor located
in calcar avis. Impairment of which function will develop in a patient if the tumor is
actively growing in size?
a. Violation of taste function.
b. Violation of olfactory function.
c. Disorder of the function of the vestibular apparatus.
d. Hearing impairment.
e. Impaired vision.
1. The child was diagnosed with hydrocephalus. During the examination a tumor
in the area of the interventricular foramen (foramen interventriculare) was
revealed; it creates an obstruction to the outflow of cerebrospinal fluid from
the lateral ventricles into the third one. Which brain structures is this foramen
formed by?
a. Columns of the fornix (columnae fornicis).
b. Anterior commissure (commissura anterior).
c. The peducles of the fornix (crura fornicis).
d. Posterior commissure (commissura posterior).
e. Body of the fornix (corpus fornicis).
2. As a result of the traffic accident, the patient was diagnosed with a fracture of
the skull base. During surgical operation, the neurosurgeon in the operating
field reveals the significant damage of the fornix, which has such parts:
a. Body, peduncles, head, commissure.
b. Genu, trunk, splenium, commissure.
c. Body, genu, peduncles, column.
d. Peduncles, posterior horn, anterior horn, body.
e. Body, peduncles, column, commissure.
6. During the tomography, a tumor was revealed in a patient, that destroyed the
middle sections of the gyrus cinguli. What brain structures does this gyrus
refer to?
a. To the corpus striatum.
b. To the limbic lobe.
c. To the limbic lobe, the corpus striatum.
d. To the limbic system.
e. To the rim, extrapyramidal system.
7. On the sagittal section of the brain, there is a noticeable structure that has the
following parts: trunk, splenium, genu and rostrum. Name this structure.
a. Fornix.
b. Thalamus.
c. Corpus callosum.
d. Internal capsule.
e. Hippocampus.
9. A 43-year-old woman was diagnosed with a tumor in the area of the columns
of the fornix. The neurosurgeon during the CT scan detailed the location of the
tumor: the area of the end of the columns of the fornix. Indicate with which
brain formation do the fornix columns end?
a. Posterior commissure (commissura posterior).
b. Anterior commissure (commissura anterior).
c. Mamillary body (corpus mamillare).
d. Body of the fornix (corpus fornicis).
e. Fornix peduncles (crura fornicis).
10. The patient was diagnosed with a tumor in the area of the trunk of the corpus
callosum during the computed tomography. Which leading brain tracts go
through this formation?
a. Associative.
b. Ascending.
c. Commissural.
d. Descending.
e. -.
10. Дослiджуються рецептори, iнформацiя вiд яких прямує до кори без участi
таламусу. Якi це рецептори?
A.Нюховi
B.Дотиковi
C.Смаковi
D.Зоровi
E.Слуховi
1. During the performance of the computed tomography of the brain in the patient, the
hemorrhage was revealed in the area of genu of the internal capsule. Which of the
above-mentioned pathways will suffer as a result of this?
A. Tractus corticonuclearis.
B. Radiationes thalamicae anteriores.
C. Tractus corticospinalis.
D. Radiatio acustica.
E. Radiatio optica.
2. Patient has a hemorrhage in the posterior part of the posterior peduncle of the
internal capsule. The functions of which of the pathways will suffer in this case?
A. Central auditory and visual tracts.
B. Corticothalamic and frontopontine.
C. Frontopontine and corticonuclear.
D. Corticonuclear and corticospinal.
E. Corticonuclear and central auditory.
7. Operating on the mammary gland, the surgeons prefer radial incisions. The pecu-
liarities of which anatomical structures is this surgery technique associated with?
A. Tops of the lobules converge to the nipple.
B. Bases of the lobules are facing the nipple.
C. Glandular lobules are arranged transversely
D. Glandular lobules are arranged vertically.
E. All the answers are correct.
8. In the woman who appealed to the surgeon there is the redensification in the breast
is determined. What direction should the surgeon make an incision during operation
to reduce trauma of the lobule in?
A. Radially.
B. Vertically.
C. Transversely.
D. Arcuate.
E. All the answers are correct.
9. As a result of the injury there was a rupture of the olfactory bers coming out of the
nasal cavity. Which bone do these bers pass through?
A. Ethmoidal.
B. Sphenoidal.
C. Maxilla.
D. Inferior nasal concha.
E. Nasal.
10. The receptors are studied; the information from them goes to the cortex without the
involvement of the thalamus. What are these receptors?
receptors?
A. Olfactory.
B. Touch.
C. Taste.
D. Visual.
E. Hearing
11. The patient has pain in the area of the root of the tongue, fauces, palatine tonsils, in
the upper part of the pharynx, ear, the lost taste in the area of the back third of the
tongue. Which nerve lesion caused these dis- orders?
A. Glossopharyngeal.
B. Vagus.
C. Greater petrosal.
D. Tympanichord.
E. Facial.
12. The patient after the traffic accident was diagnosed with hemorrhagic stroke in the
area of the superior wall of the central part of the lateral ventricle. Which brain
structures were damaged?
A. Right thalamus
B. Head of the right caudate nucleus
C. Ammon’s horn
D. Trunk of the corpus callosum
E. Septum pellucidum
13. The patient after the traffic accident was diagnosed with hemorrhagic stroke in the
area of the lower wall of the anterior (frontal) horn of the right lateral ventricle. Which
brain structures were damaged?
A. Right thalamus
B.Corpus callosum
C. Head of the right caudate nucleus
D.Inner capsule
E. Septum pellucidum
14. The patient after the traffic accident was diagnosed with hemorrhagic stroke in the
area of the temporal horn of the right lateral ventricle. Which brain structures were
damaged?
A. Right thalamus
B.Ammon’s horn
C. Corpus callosum
D.Tail of the right caudate nucleus
E. Septum pellucidum-
15. The patient after the traffic accident was diagnosed with hemorrhagic stroke in the
area of the medial wall of the anterior (frontal) horn of the lateral ventricle. Which
brain structures were damaged?
A. Right thalamus
B. The Corpus callosum
C. Head of the right caudate nucleus
D.Septum pellucidum
E.Ammon’s horn
1. The patient was diagnosed with hemorrhage into the interpeduncular cistern of the
brain. What anatomical formation was damaged?
a. Subdural space.
b. Epidural space.
c. Third ventricle.
d. Lateral ventricle.
e. Subarachnoid space.
2. Patient M., 41 years old, was hospitalized into an infectious department with a high body
temperature. Meningeal symptoms are objectively expressed. Cerebrospinal puncture
was performed. Which anatomical formation was punctured?
a. Cavum trigeminale.
b. Spatium subarachnoideum.
c. Spatium epidurale.
d. Spatium subdurale.
e. Cisterna cerebellomedullaris posterior.
3. When blocking the liquor paths at the level of the median and lateral foramina of IV
ventricle, the occlusive syndrome develops. Into which cavity the liquor drainage is
difficult in this pathology through these openings?
a. III ventricle.
b. IV ventricle.
c. Subarachnoid space.
d. Cerebral aqueduct.
e. Lateral ventricles.
5. During examination of a patient’s brain using MRI significantly expanded lateral and
third ventricles were revealed. The doctor diagnosed the blockage of the liquor
pathways. Determine the level of occlusion.
a. Lateral foramen of the fourth ventricle.
b. Medial foramen of the fourth ventricle.
c. Cerebral aqueduct.
d. Pacchionian granulations.
e. Interventricular foramen.
6. Epidural hematoma was diagnosed in a 35-year-old victim with a head trauma in the
temporal area. Which of the arteries is most likely damaged?
a. Superficial temporal.
b. Middle meningeal.
c. Posterior auricular.
d. Anterior meningeal.
e. Middle cerebral.
7. Patient with hydrocephaly - water on the brain. MRI shows enlargement of lateral
ventricles. Third ventricle is not extended. At the level of which foramina has the
occlusion of the circulation of the cerebrospinal fluid occurred?
a. Right lateral foramen of the roof of the IV ventricle (Luchka).
b. Left lateral foramen of the roof of the IV ventricle (Liushko).
c. Unpaired medial foramen of the roof of the IV ventricle (Magendie).
d. Interventricular foramina.
e. Cerebral aqueduct.
8. The patient suffers from the paralysis of the eye muscles, pupil disorder, pain along the
course of the trigeminal nerve. The aneurysm (expansion) of which venous sinus is it
possible to think about?
a. Sinus petrosus superior.
b. Sinus occipitalis.
c. Sinus transversus.
d. Sinus cavernosus.
e. Sinus sagittalis superior.
9. A man who is 40 years old, after the experienced meningitis (inflammation of the
cerebral meninges) has strong progressive headaches. The examination of the brain
using NMR showed the expansion of all the ventricles of the brain, indicating their
overflowing with the cerebrospinal fluid. What could have caused this phenomenon?
a. Atresia of the central canal of the spinal cord.
b. Atresia of the cerebral aqueduct.
c. Atresia of foramina of Magendie and Liushko of the IV ventricle.
d. Closure of the interventricular foramen to the right.
e. Closure of the interventricular foramen to the left.
6. Під час хірургічного лікування епілепсії, було перетнуто мозолисте тіло. Які
волокна перетнули?
a. Пірамідні.
b. Проекційні.
c. Асоціативні.
d. Екстрапірамідні.
e. Комісуральні.
1. Patient due to craniocerebral trauma has reduced skin sensitivity. What area of the
cerebral cortex can be affected?
a. Frontal area of the cortex.
b. Occipital area.
c. Cingulate gyrus.
d. Anterior central gyrus.
e. Posterior central gyrus.
2. The patient after the traffic accident was diagnosed with a break in the right
fasciculus gracilis of the spinal cord at the level of Th1. Which leading tract was
damaged?
a. Tractus gangliospinothalamocorticalis anterior dexter.
b. Tractus gangliospinothalamocorticalis lateralis dexter.
c. Tractus gangliobulbothalamocorticalis dexter.
d. Tractus ganglionucleothalamocorticalis dexter.
e. Tractus spinocerebellaris anterior dexter.
6. During the surgical treatment of epilepsy, the corpus callosum was cut. Which fibers
were cut?
a. Association.
b. Commissural.
c. Projection.
d. Pyramidal.
e. Extrapyramidal
7. At the hospital ER the doctor diagnosed the spinal injury in a 45-year-old patient. The
examination revealed a violation of pain and temperature sensitivity. Which
ascending tract was affected?
a. Anterior spinocerebellar.
b. Posterior spinocerebellar.
c. Spinoreticular.
d. Lateral spinothalamic.
e. Anterior spinothalamic.
8. After a traumatic injury, the victim was taken to a hospital with damage to the spine.
The damage of the posterior funiculi of the spinal cord was found at the level of the
1st thoracic vertebra. Which leading ways are affected in this case?
a. Cerebrospinal.
b. Pain and temperature sensitivity.
c. Corticocerebrospinal.
d. Tactile and proprioceptive sensitivity.
e. Extrapyramidal.
9. Patient suffered from paralysis after the injury, pain sensitivity to the right; on the left
side there is no paralysis, but pain and temperature sensitivity are disturbed. What is
the reason for this phenomenon?
a. Damage of the middle brain.
b. Damage of the brain stem.
c. Damage of the cerebellum.
d. Unilateral damage of spinal cord on the right side.
e. Damage of the motor region of the cerebral cortex.
9. Внаслідок закритої травми спинного мозку у хворого виникла гостра затримка сечі
і калу. З ураженням яких провідних шляхів пов’язані ці розлади?
a. Спинно-таламічних.
b. Кірково-спиномозкових.
c. Червоноядерно-спиномозкових.
d. Присінково-спиномозкових.
e. Сітчасто-спиномозкових.
10. У людини параліч правої половини тіла. Яка звивина головного мозку уражена?
a. Gyrus postcentralis dexter.
b. Gyrus frontalis medius.
c. Gyrus supramarginalis.
d. Gyrus temporalis superior.
e. Gyrus precentralis sinister.
1. In the patient, due to prolonged chronic disease of the brain, there were involuntary
movements, tone of muscles of the body was broken. Which of the leading pathways do
these symptoms indicate?
a. Tractus corticospinalis.
b. Tractus spinothalamicus.
c. Tractus corticonuclearis.
d. Tractus rubrospinalis.
e. Tractus tectospinalis.
2. In the patient aged 49 years, the restriction of arbitrary movements in the left limbs is
found. The tone of the muscles in the left arm and the leg is increased according to the
spastic type, localized tendon reflexes are intensified, pathological reflexes are
detected. Which most probable mechanism could lead to the development of muscular
hypertonia and hypertrophy?
a. Reduction of braking descending influences.
b. Activation of excitatory influences from the focus of insult.
c. Activation of the synaptic transmission of impulses.
d. Activation of motoneurones due to insult.
e. Braking of motoneurones of the cerebral cortex
3. There are no isolated movements of one eyeball. During any reflectory movements, both
eyes are always involved. Which leading path provides the combined movement of both
eyeballs (sight)
a. Lemniscus lateralis.
b. Fasciculus longitudinalis medialis.
c. Lemniscus medialis.
d. Formacio reticularis mesencephali.
e. Tractus tectospinalis.
4. The patient has the paralysis of the muscles of the right upper and lower extremities.
The center of the cortex of which of the cerebral hemispheres is damaged?
a. Center of directed movements of the left hemisphere.
b. Motor center of the left hemisphere.
c. Center of stereognosis of the left hemisphere.
d. Center of simultaneous turning of the head and eyes to the opposite side of the right
hemisphere.
e. Motor center of the right hemisphere.
5. As a result of a road traffic accident, the victim was taken to the injury care center with a
spinal column injury. The examination revealed right-sided paralysis of the lower limb
with increased muscle tone. What part of the central nervous system is damaged as a
result of this injury?
a. Medulla oblongata.
b. Right cortico-spinal pathway.
c. Anterior funiculus of the spinal cord.
d. Anterior horn of the spinal cord.
e. Posterior horn of the spinal cord.
6. An animal has an increased tone of muscles-extensors. This is the result of the
increased transmission of information to the motor neurons of the spinal cord by the
following descending paths:
a. Lateral corticospinal.
b. Medial corticospinal.
c. Rubrospinal.
d. Vestibulospinal.
e. Reticulospinal.
7. Due to the destruction of certain structures of the brain stem, the animal lost
orientational reflexes in response to the strong light irritants. Which structures were
destroyed?
a. Superior colliculi of quadrigeminal plate.
b. Inferior colliculi of quadrigeminal plate.
c. Substantia nigra.
d. Red nuclei.
e. Vestibular nuclei.
8. Due to the closed injury of the spinal cord, the patient had an acute urinary and feces
retardation. With the damage of which pathways are these disorders associated?
a. Reticulo-spinal.
b. Cortico-spinal.
c. Red-nuclear-spinal.
d. Vestibulo-spinal.
e. Spinal-thalamic.
9. A person has a paralysis of the right half of the body. Which gyrus of the brain is
affected?
a. Gyrus supramarginalis.
b. Gyrus temporalis superior.
c. Gyrus frontalis medius.
d. Gyrus postcentralis dexter.
e. Gyrus precentralis sinister.
10. Man, 50 years old, has been diagnosed with Sjogren's syndrome ("dry syndrome").
Patient has the deficiency of all glands of the external secretion – lack of urine
discharge (keratitis), salivation, anacid gastritis, xeroderma through the atrophy of the
sweat and sebaceous glands, polyarthritis. The cause of the disease is not clear.
Pathology of the hypothalamus is supposed. Which path of the central nervous system
connects the hypothalamus with the autonomic nuclei of the brain and spinal cord?
a. Тractus thalamo-spinalis.
b. Fasciculus longitudinalis anteriores.
c. Fasciculus longitudinalis dorsalis.
d. Tractus mamillo-thalamicus.
e. Tractus thalamo-corticalis.
35. Орган зору. Будова оболонок та ядра очного яблука. Заломні
середовища очного яблука. Камери ока.
1. До окуліста звернувся пацієнт пенсійного віку. Після проведеного обстеження
діагностована глаукома (підвищення внутрішньоочного тиску). Причиною цього
є погіршення відтоку рідини з передньої камери ока. Яка структура не виконує
притаманної їй функції?
a. Війчасте тіло.
b. Щілиноподібні простори іридокорнеального кута.
c. Субхоріоїдальний простір.
d. Зіниця.
e. Перихоріоїдальний простір.
2. Акомодація – властивість ока ясно бачити предмети, які знаходяться від нього
на різних віддалях. Скороченням яких м’язів здійснюється акомодація?
a. M. ciliaris et m. sphincter pupillae.
b. Тільки mm. recti medialis.
c. Тільки m. sphincter pupillae.
d. Тільки m. сiliaris.
e. Mm. recti medialis et lateralis
11. В очне відділення доставлений 40 річний чоловік, який два тижні тому переніс
опік очного яблука. Які з перелічених структур постраждали?
a. Війчасте тіло.
b. Склисте тіло.
c. Райдужка.
d. Рогівка.
e. Кришталик.
1. A 40-year-old man was brought to the with an eyeball burn was hospitalized into the
ophthalmology department; he had a burn of the eyeball two weeks ago. Which of the
following structures were affected?
a. Vitreous body.
b. Iris.
c. Lens.
d. Cornea.
e. Ciliary body.
3. In the patient, as a result of the disease of the inner membranes of the eye, there
occurred a cataract - a clouding of one of the elements of the refractive environment
of the eye. Which of the anatomical formations has undergone some pathological
changes?
a. Ciliary zonule.
b. Lens.
c. Iris.
d. Ciliary body.
e. Retina.
4. The female patient aged 45 years old, appealed to the doctor complaining about the
loss of the ability to distinguish colors that appeared after suffered electrical injury.
After examination of the eye retina, the lesion of receptors responsible for this type
of sensitivity were detected. What are these receptors?
a. Cones.
b. Multipolar.
c. Ganglionic.
d. Rods.
e. Bipolar.
5. A woman aged 46 years old appealed to the ophthalmologist with the complaints of
impaired vision. The examination revealed disorder of the lens accommodation
process and pathology of the special ligament, which is fixed to its capsule. What is
this ligament?
a. Lig. Capsularis.
b. Corpus vitreum.
c. Lig. pectinatum iridis.
d. Zonula ciliaris.
e. Lig. Lentis.
6. In the patient after the use of drops containing atropine, there was a steady
expansion of the pupil. What muscle does not work?
a. Dilatator pupillae.
b. All oblique muscles.
c. Sphincter pupillae.
d. Ciliary.
e. All rectus muscles.
7. Accomodation is a property of the eye to see objects clearly that are at different
distances from it. What muscles’ contraction is accommodation performed by?
a. Only mm. recti medialis.
b. M. ciliaris et m. sphincter pupillae.
c. Only m. sphincter pupillae.
d. Mm. recti medialis et lateralis.
e. Only m. сiliaris.
10. An electric welder with an eyeball burn was hospitalized into the ophthalmology
department. Which of the following eye structures were affected?
a. Lens.
b. Camera posterior bulbi (humor).
c. Cornea.
d. Camera anterior bulbi (humor).
e. Corpus vitreum.
11. A patient of retirement age appealed to the eye doctor. After the examination,
glaucoma (an increase of intraocular pressure) was diagnosed. This is due to the
deterioration of the outflow of fluid from the anterior chamber of the eye. Which
structure does not perform its inherent function?
a. Perichorioid space.
b. Pupil.
c. Spices of iridocorneal angle.
d. Ciliary body.
e. Subchorioid space.
12. In the absence of vitamin A, a person's twilight vision is impaired. Specify the cells to
which this photoreceptor function is designated:
a. Bipolar neurons.
b. Horizontal neurocytes.
c. Ganglionic nerve cells.
d. Rod neuronsensory cells.
e. Cones neurosensory cells.
13. Male patient aged 52 years old, complains of eyeball pain. During examination an
increase of intraocular pressure was found. Which fluid outflow disorder has caused
this condition?
a. Lymph.
b. Perilymph.
c. Aqueous humor.
d. Endolymph.
e. Tears.
36. Додаткові структури ока: брова, повіка, кон’юнктива, слізний апарат.
Зовнішні м’язи очного яблука. Жирове тіло очної ямки. Провідний шлях
зорового аналізатора та зіничного рефлексу.
1. У чоловіка відмічається випадіння функції медіальних половин сітківки. Який відділ
провідного шляху зорового аналізатора уражений?
A. Зорове перехрестя.
B. Лівий зоровий тракт.
C. Правий зоровий тракт.
D. Лівий зоровий нерв.
E. Правий зоровий нерв.
2. У хворого порушений зір у бічних половинах полів зору обох очей (бітемпоральна
геміанопсія). Яка нервова структура пошкоджена?
A. Зорове перехрестя.
B. Лівий зоровий тракт (зоровий шлях).
C. Правий зоровий тракт (зоровий шлях).
D. Сітківка ока.
E. Зорові нерви.
12. У жінки 60 років пухлина головного мозку спричинила руйнування лівого зорового
тракту. Від яких ділянок сітківки не будуть проводитися імпульси до коркового
аналізатора органу зору?
A. Від медіальної половини сітківки правого ока і латеральної половини лівого ока.
B. Від медіальної половини сітківки правого і лівого ока.
C. Від латеральної половини сітківки правого і лівого ока.
D. Від медіальної половини сітківки лівого ока і латеральної половини правого ока.
E. Від усієї сітківки лівого ока.
13. Хвора 25 років звернулася зі скаргами на погіршення зору. При огляді виявлено
порушення акомодації, зіниця розширена, не реагує на світло. Функція яких м'язів
порушена?
A. М'яз, що звужує зіницю, війковий.
B. М'яз, що розширює зіницю, війковий.
C. Верхній навскісний, війковий.
D. Латеральний прямий, м'яз, що звужує зіницю.
E. М'яз, що звужує і м'яз, що розширює зіницю.
15. У хворого відсутній зір у правих половинах полів зору обох очей. Яка нервова
структура уражена?
A. Лівий зоровий тракт.
B. Зорове перехрестя.
C. Правий зоровий тракт.
D. Сітківка ока.
E. Зорові нерви.
17. У хворого спостерігається пухлина тканин орбіти позаду очного яблука. Зазначено
порушення акомодації та звуження зіниці ока. Яке анатомічне утворення
ушкоджено?
A. Ganglіon cіlіare.
B. N. nasocіlіarіs.
C. N. lacrіmalіs.
D. N. optіcus.
E. N. Trochlearіs.
1. In the man the failure of the function of the medial halves of the retina is noted. Which
department of the leading tract of visual analyzer is damaged?
A. Optiac chiasm.
B. Left optic tract.
C. Right optic tract.
D. Left optic nerve.
E. Right optic nerve.
2. The patient has impaired vision in the lateral halves of the eld of view of both eyes
(bitemporal hemianopsia). What nerve structure is damaged?
A. Optiac chiasm.
B. Left optic tract.
C. Right optic tract.
D. Retina.
E. Visual nerves.
3. The female patient appealed to the ophthalmology department with the complaints of
partial loss of vision. The examination revealed the loss of the homonymous halves of
the elds of view on the side of both eyes (homonymous hemianopsia). At what level did
the damage of the optic nerve bers occur?
A. At the level of one of the optic tracts.
B. At the level of the trunk of the left optic nerve.
C. At the level of the trunk of the right optic nerve.
D. At the level of the optic chiasm.
Е.At the level of both optic tracts.
4. Examination of the patient revealed the absence of vision in the medial halves of the
elds of view of both eyes. Which part of the visual pathway is most likely to be
damaged?
A. Chiasma opticus.
B. N. opticus.
C. Tractus opticus.
D. Sulcus calcarinus.
E. Corpus geniculatum laterale.
5. As a result of the trauma, the patient has enlarged pupil diameter and impaired pupillary
reex. Which muscle activity is blocked?
A. Musculus sphincter pupillae.
B. Musculus ciliaris.
C. Musculus dilatator pupillae.
D. Musculus rectus superior.
E. Musculus rectus inferior.
6. While checking the pupillary reex, the patient has a slowed response to the light in the
left eye. Which nucleus function is disordered?
A. Accessory nucleus of the oculomotor nerve.
B. Nucleus of the trochlear nerve.
C. Nucleus of the abducent nerve.
D. Nuclei of the superior colliculi of the tectum.
E. Nucleus of the oculomotor nerve.
7. The patient has impaired vision in the form of loss of the medial eld of view on the right
and the lateral eld of view on the left. Which part of the visual analyzer is violated?
A. Left optic tract.
B. Right optic tract.
C. Optic chiasm.
D. Right optic nerve.
E. Left optic nerve.
8. If any of the sections of the leading tract of the visual analyzer is damaged, there will be
no sensitivity to the light stimuli of the medial half of the retina on both sides. Which
section of the leading tract of the visual analyzer is it?
A. Optic chiasm.
B. Right optic tract.
C. Left optic tract.
D. Right optic nerve.
E. Left optic nerve.
10. The patient has crossing squint. Which of the eyeball muscles is damaged?
11. The patient with glaucoma has the impaired outow of aqueous humor from the anterior
chamber of the eye into the venous plexus through the drainage system. What
anatomical formation is aected?
A. Schlemm's canal.
B. Lens.
C. Ciliary muscle.
D. Iris muscles.
E. Zinn's zonule.
12. In a woman aged 60 years, a brain tumor caused the destruction of the left optic tract.
Which areas of the retina will impulses not be sent to the cortical analyzer of the visual
organ from?
A. From the medial half of the retina of the right eye and the lateral half of the left eye.
B. From the medial half of the retina of the right and left eyes.
C. From the lateral half of the retina of the right and left eyes.
D. From the medial half of the retina of the left eye and the lateral half of the right eye.
E. From the entire retina of the left eye.
13. The 25-year-old patient complained of impaired vision. The examination revealed a
violation of accommodation, the pupil was dilated, did not respond to light. The function
of which muscles is impaired?
A. Sphincter pupillae, ciliary.
B. Dilatator pupillae, ciliary.
C. Superior oblique, ciliary.
D. Lateral rectus, sphincter pupillae.
E. Sphincter pupillae and dilatator pupillae muscle.
14. Sphincter pupillae and dilatator pupillae muscle. Patient A. aged 75 years, was taken to
the ophthalmic department of the hospital with complaints of impaired vision. Objective
examination revealed the presence of a brain tumor located in the area of the left optic
tract. What visual disorders will be observed in the patient?
A. Loss of vision in the left halves of the retina of both eyes.
B. Loss of vision in the right halves of the retina of both eyes.
C. Loss of vision in both halves of the left eye.
D. Loss of vision in both halves of the right eye.
E. Loss of vision in the retina of both eyes.
15. The patient has no vision in the right halves of the eld of view of both eyes. Which
nervous structure is injured?
A. Left optic tract.
B. Optiac chiasm.
C. Right optic tract.
D. Retina of the eye.
E. Optic nerves.
16. The patient has impaired pupillary reex. The pupils are small; the patient is poorly
oriented in the dark room. The function of which eyeball muscle is violated?
A. M. dilatator pupillae.
B. M. sphincter pupillae.
C. M. ciliares.
D. M. obliquus superiores.
E. M. obliquus inferiores.
17. The patient has an orbital tissue tumor behind the eyeball. Disorders of accommodation
and narrowing of the eye pupil were noted. What anatomical formation is damaged?
A. Ganglion ciliare.
B. N. nasociliaris.
C. N. lacrimalis.
D. N. opticus.
Е. N. trochlearis.
3. У хворого знижений слух. При огляді виявлено сірчані корки. В якій частині
органа слуху зміни?
A. У зовнішньому вусі.
B. У барабанній перетинці.
C. У слуховій трубі.
D. У середньому вусі.
E. У внутрішньому вусі.
4. У дитини 2 років після перенесеного грипу з’явилися скарги на біль у вусі. Лікар
виявив зниження слуху та запалення середнього вуха. Яким шляхом інфекція
потрапила до середнього вуха?
A. Через слухову трубу.
B. Через canalis nasolacrimalis.
C. Через atrium mastoideum.
D. Через canalis caroticus.
E. Через foramen jugularis.
11. У хворого під час куріння спостерігається вихід диму з вушної раковини. Яка
структура органу слуху вражена?
A. Барабанна перетинка.
B. Перетинчастий лабіринт.
C. Зовнішній слуховий прохід.
D. Кортієвий орган.
E. Кістковий лабіринт.
1. A female patient aged 50 years old, appealed to the polyclinic with complaints of
stuffiness in ear. The examination revealed an anatomical formation inflammation
that regulates the pressure between the tympanic cavity and the pharynx. What is
this formation?
A. Auditory tube.
B. External acoustic meatus.
C. Internal acoustic meatus.
D. Mastoid antrum.
E. Internal ear.
2. In the child aged 3 years old, the A. R. V. I. was complicated by the left-sided otitis.
Through which anatomical formation did the infection spread?
A. Left auditory tube.
B. Left choana.
C. Nasal part of the pharynx.
D. Left middle nasal meatus.
E. Left superior nasal meatus.
3. The patient has hearing lack. Examination revealed cerumen plugs. In which part of
the hearing organ were such changes found?
A. In the external ear.
B. In the middle ear.
C. In the internal ear.
D. In the tympanic membrane.
E. In the auditory tube
4. A child aged 2 years after flu had complaints of ear pain. The doctor found
diminished hearing and inflammation of the middle ear. How did the infection reach
the middle ear?
A. Through auditory tube.
B. Through foramen jugularis.
C. Through canalis caroticus.
D. Through atrium mastoideum.
E. Through canalis nasolacrimalis.
5. The child was hospitalized in the ENT department of a clinical hospital with a
diagnosis of purulent inflammation of the middle ear. The disease began with
inflammation of the nasopharynx. It was found that the infection reached the
tympanic cavity through the auditory tube that lies in:
A. Canalis musculotubarius.
B. Canaliculus tympanicus.
C. Canalis caroticus.
D. Canaliculus chordae tympani.
E. Canaliculi carotici tympanici.
6. In a patient with purulent inflammation of the middle ear, infection from the tympanic
cavity has spread to the jugular vein bulb with the development of a septic condition.
The anatomical precondition for this complication is the thinning of one of the walls
of the tympanic cavity. Which wall was damaged?
A. Inferior.
B. Superior.
C. Medial.
D. Lateral.
E. Anterior.
7. In the child M., aged 6 years, purulent inflammation of the middle ear was
complicated by purulent inflammation of the cells of the mastoid process. There was
a necessity for trepanation (dissection) of the mastoid process. The close location of
which venous sinus should be remembered by the surgeon to avoid its damage?
A. Sigmoid.
B. Superior sagittal.
C. Inferior sagittal.
D. Transverse.
E. Cavernous.
8. Inflammation of the tympanic cavity (purulent otitis) in the patient was complicated
by inflammation of the cells of the mastoid process. Through which wall of the
tympanic cavity could pus penetrate into the cells of the mastoid process?
A. Posterior.
B. Anterior.
C. Medial.
D. Lateral.
E. Superior
9. In a child who had had the inflammation of the nasopharynx, there occurred a pain in
the left ear. During e examination the inflammation of the middle ear was revealed.
Through which anatomical formation did the infection reach the middle ear?
A. Canal for auditory tube.
B. Carotid canal.
C. Tympanic canal.
D. Facial channel.
E. Canal for tensor tympani.
10. A child aged 3 years old was admitted to the clinic with a diagnosis: otitis. There was
a possibility of pus spread from the tympanic cavity. Where can the pus most
probably enter into?
A. Mastoid antrum.
B. Internal ear.
C. Auditory tube
D. External auditory meatus.
E. Posterior cranial fossa.
11. During smoking there is observed the fume outgo from the ear in the patient. Which
structure of the hearing organ is affected?
A. Tympanic membrane.
B. External auditory meatus.
C. Osseous labyrinth.
D. Membranous labyrinth.
E. Corti's organ.
12. The patient was diagnosed with inammation of the middle ear, complicated by
mastoiditis. On which wall of the tympanic cavity are there openings that connect the
tympanic cavity and the cells of the mastoid process?
A. Posterior.
B. Anterior.
C. Superior.
D. Inferior.
E. Medial
13. Patient aged 18 years old, appealed to the hospital with complaints of noise and pain
in the ear. Objectively – the patient has acute respiratory disease, rhinitis. Through
which opening of the pharynx did the infection enter the tympanic cavity and cause
its inflammation?
A. Pharyngeal opening of the auditory tube.
B. Tympanic opening.
C. Choanas.
D. Fauces.
E. Aperture of larynx.
7. При дослiдженнi гостроти слуху в коваля виявили втрату слуху на 50% у дiапазонi
низьких частот i майже нормальну гостроту слуху в дiапазонi високих частот.
Порушення яких структур слухової системи призвело до такого стану?
a. М’язи середнього вуха.
b. Кортiєв орган - ближче до овального вiконця.
c. Кортiєв орган - ближче до гелiкотреми.
d. Середня частина кортiєвого органу.
e. Барабанна перетинка.
11. У дитини 5 років при гнійному запаленні внутрішнього вуха з’явились симптоми
запалення твердої мозкової оболони. Шлях проходження інфекції через:
a. Вікно присінка.
b. Барабанний каналець.
c. Вікно завитки.
d. Каналець завитки.
e. Водопровід присінка.
1. The patient has a loss of auditory sensitivity due to the damage of the CN VIII. In which
nuclei is the second auditory neuron located?
a. Nucl. cochlearis ventralis et dorsalis.
b. Nucl. vestibularis ventralis et dorsalis.
c. Nucl. cochlearis accessorius.
d. Nucl. vestibularis lateralis et medialis.
e. Nucl. cochlearis lateralis et medialis.
2. When determining the air and bone conduction of the sound, it was found that the
patient’s left ear is better able to perceive sound during bone conduction, which could
be related to the disease of:
a. Internal ear on the left.
b. Middle ear on the right.
c. Middle ear on the left.
d. Internal ear on the right.
e. External ear on the right.
3. The patient according to audiometry there was revealed a violation of the perception of
medium frequency sounds. This may be due to the damage of:
a. Spiral ganglion.
b. Middle part of the cochlea.
c. Lateral geniculate bodies.
d. Quadrigeminal plate.
e. Cochlear nuclei.
5. Blacksmith’s auditory tests revealed a hearing loss of 50% in the low-frequency range
and nearly-normal hearing acuity in the high-frequency range. Disorders of which
structures of the auditory system has led to this condition?
a. Corti’s organ - closer to the oval window.
b. Corti’s organ - closer to the helicotrema.
c. Middle part of the Corti’s organ.
d. Middle ear muscles.
e. Tympanic membrane.
6. While examining the patient with impaired auditory function, it was found that the
pathological process is localized at the level of formation of the lateral lemniscus. At
what level of the brain is it normally formed?
a. Pons.
b. Cervical part of the spinal cord.
c. Thoracic part of the spinal cord.
d. Medulla oblongata.
e. Midbrain.
7. In a child aged 5 years old, in purulent inflammation of the inner ear, the symptoms of
inflammation of the dura mater appeared. The path of the infection is through:
a. Tympanic canaliculus.
b. Cochlear canaliculus.
c. Aqueduct of vestibule.
d. Cochlear window.
e. Vestibular window.
8. A 35-year-old man who had had meningoencephalitis, has a sharp decrease in hearing.
The examination excludes the pathology of the sound-conducting and auditory
apparatus of the hearing organ. Which gyrus of the cerebral cortex are there the
pathological changes in?
a. Middle temporal.
b. Superior frontal.
c. Angular.
d. Supramarginal.
e. Superior temporal.
11. The patient complains of dizziness and hearing loss of the right ear. Which nerve is
damaged?
a. Vagus.
b. Hypoglossal.
c. Trochlear.
d. Right vestibulocochlear nerve.
e. Left vestibulocochlear nerve.
12. A 54-year-old woman appealed to the doctor with complaints of dizziness, nausea,
imbalance after a fall and a head injury. The function of which structure of the inner ear
was most likely to be impaired?
a. Organum vestibulare.
b. Membrana tympani.
c. Canalis longitudinalis modioli.
d. Labyrinthus osseus.
e. Organum spirale.
7. Під час вивчення теми провідних шляхів аналізаторів, студент з'ясував, що всі
вони утворюють перехрести, окрім:
a. шляху смакового аналізатора.
b. шляху зорового аналізатора.
c. шляху чутливого аналізатора дифузного (розлитого) болю.
d. шляху слухового аналізатора.
e. шляху нюхового аналізатора.
11. При судмедекспертизі одного з поданих для дослідження зразків шкіри було
виявлено найбільшу щільність потових залоз. Якій ділянці шкіри померлого
належав поданий матеріал?
a. Живота.
b. Долонь.
c. Спини.
d. Ліктя.
e. Грудей.
12. Молода жінка вважає, що її грудні залози розміщені нижче норми. На якому рівні
в нормі розміщується основа грудних залоз?
a. Від 3 до 6 ребра.
b. Від 3 до 4 ребра.
c. Від 4 до 6 ребра.
d. Від 2 до 5 ребра.
e. Від 4 до 7 ребра.
13. У хворого при обстеженні на медіальній стінці лівої пахвової ямки лікар виявив
збільшений лімфатичний вузол метастатичного походження. Вкажіть найбільш
ймовірну локалізацію первинної пухлини.
Виберіть одну відповідь:
a. Грудна (молочная) железа.
b. Щитоподібна залоза.
c. Слинні залози.
d. Шлунок.
e. Легені.
14. У хворого уражений кірковий центр нюху. Яка анатомічна структура головного
мозку пошкоджена?
a. верхня тім’яна часточка
b. гачок
c. передцентральна звивина
d. мозолисте тіло
e. Клин
18. В опікове відділення потрапив хворий, 38 років, який отримав важкі опіки під
час пожежі. Лікарі визначили, що площа ураженої поверхні шкірних покривів
становила 60%. Яка середня площа шкірних покривів людини?
a. 1,5 – 2,0 м2
b. 2,5 – 3,0 м2.
c. 1,0 – 1,2 м2
d. 1,2 – 1,4 м2
e. 2,3 – 2,5 м2
19. Під час медичного огляду у військкоматі юнакові було поставлено діагноз –
гінекомастія. Про який вид аномалії розвитку похідних шкіри йдеться?
a. Формування псевдосоромітних губ.
b. Розвиток грудної залози за жіночим типом.
c. Зменшення кількості потових залоз.
d. Розвиток додаткових грудних залоз.
e. Відсутність волосяного покриву.
1. The forensic examination of one of the skin samples submitted for the study,
revealed the highest density of sweat glands. Which part of the skin of the deceased
person did this material belong to?
a. Chest.
b. Abdomen.
c. Palm.
d. Back.
e. Elbow.
2. As a result of purulent inflammation of the distal phalanx of the thumb of the right
hand, it is necessary to remove the nail. What is the nail growing out of?
a. Wall of the nail.
b. Eponychium.
c. Dermis.
d. Root of the nail.
e. Terminal phalanx.
3. A young girl appealed to the cosmetic cabinet with the complains of the excess hair
on the shins. She repeatedly shaved her hair, but it grew again and became harder.
The cosmetologist offered her epilation (hair removal along with hair bulbs). In which
layer of skin are the hair follicles located?
a. In the papillary layer of the dermis.
b. At the boundary of the reticular layer of dermis and subcutaneous layer.
c. In the subcutaneous layer.
d. In the reticular layer of dermis.
e. In the thickness of the epidermis.
7. The receptors are studied; the information from them goes to the cortex without the
involvement of the thalamus. What are these receptors?
a. Olfactory.
b. Touch.
c. Taste.
d. Hearing.
e. Visual.
8. While studying the theme of the analyzers’ leading tracts, the student found that they
all form chiasms, except:
a. Tract of the taste analyzer.
b. Tract of the auditory analyzer.
c. Tract of the olfactory analyzer.
d. Tract of the visual analyzer.
e. Tract of the sensitive analyzer of extended (diffused) pain.
10. During a medical examination in a military commissariat the young man was
diagnosed with gynecomastia. What kind of anomaly of the development of skin
derivatives is this about?
a. Breast development according to the female type.
b. Formation of pseudogenital labia.
c. Lack of hair.
d. Reduction of the number of sweat glands.
e. Development of additional mammary glands.
11. In the woman who appealed to the surgeon there is the redensification in the breast
is determined. What direction should the surgeon make an incision during operation
to reduce trauma of the lobule in?
a. Transversely.
b. Radially.
c. All the answers are correct.
d. Vertically.
e. Arcuate.
12. A woman aged 42 years, appealed to a surgeon with the complain of the
redensification in her right breast. Examination showed the presence of a small
benign tumor that occupies one part of the mammary gland. What is the normal
amount of lobules in the breast?
a. 6-8.
b. 4-6.
c. 25-30.
d. 10-12.
e. 15-20.
13. The patient aged 27 years old, appealed to the hospital with complaints of pain,
redness of the skin and the formation of swelling in the right axillary area. These
phenomena arose after the use of substandard deodorants. The doctor made the
diagnosis: hydroadenitis (sweat gland inflammation). Which layer of skin are the
terminal secretory departments of the sweat glands located in?
a. In the papillary layer of the dermis.
b. In the reticular layer.
c. In the epidermis.
d. At the boundary of the epidermis and the dermis.
e. In the subcutaneous layer.
14. The patient complains of the smell loss. The examination revealed that the second
neuron of the leading olfactory tract is damaged. Where is this neuron located?
a. In the cochlear ganglion.
b. In the vestibular ganglion.
c. In the nucleus tractus solitaries.
d. In the olfactory bulb.
e. In the trigeminal ganglion.
15. In a female patient there is the paralysis of mimic muscles, a disorder of taste
perception in the anterior 2/3 of the tongue. Which of the cranial nerves is affected?
a. N. trigeminus.
b. N. vagus.
c. N. glossopharyngeus.
d. N. hypoglossus.
e. N. facialis.
16. A young woman thinks that her breasts are located below normal. At what level is the
basis of the mammary glands located normally?
a. From 3 to 4 ribs.
b. From 3 to 6 ribs.
c. From 2 to 5 ribs.
d. From 4 to 6 ribs.
e. From 4 to 7 ribs.
17. The patient complains of the taste loss. The examination revealed that the first
neuron of the leading taste tract is damaged. Where is this neuron located?
a. In the olfactory bulb.
b. In the vestibular ganglion.
c. In the geniculate ganglion.
d. In the trigeminal ganglion.
e. In the cochlear ganglion.
18. As a result of the injury there was a rupture of the olfactory fibers coming out of the
nasal cavity. Which bone do these fibers pass through?
a. Sphenoidal.
b. Ethmoidal.
c. Maxilla.
d. Nasal.
e. Inferior nasal concha.
19. the patient during examination on the medial wall of the left axillary fossa the doctor
found an enlarged lymph node of metastatic origin. Specify the most possible
localization of the primary tumor.
a. Stomach.
b. Breast (mammary) gland.
c. Lungs.
d. Thyroid gland.
e. Salivary glands.