PASSIVE VOICE (CÂU BỊ ĐỘNG)

Câu bị động (passive voice) là câu nhấn mạnh đối tượng bị tác động bởi hành
động thay vì đối tượng thực hiện hành động. Chia thì trong câu bị động cũng giống
như chia thì trong câu chủ động.

e.g.
This house was built in 1839. (Dịch: Ngôi nhà được xây vào năm 1839)

The car is being fixed by a mechanic. (Dịch: Chiếc xe đang được sửa bởi người thợ)

She has been taught karate by her mother. (Dịch: Cô ấy được dạy karate bởi mẹ của
cô ấy)

 OVERALL STRUCTURE: S + BE + V3
 STRUCTURE FOR EACH TENSE:

Tense Active voice (Câu chủ động) Passive voice (Câu bị động)

Present Simple S + V (am/is/are/s/es) + O S + am/is/are + V3

Present Continuous S + V-ing + O S + am/is/are + being + V3

Past Simple S + V2 + O S + was/were + V3

Past Continuous S + was/were + V-ing + O S + was/were + being + V3

Future Simple S + will + V + O S + will + be + V3

Present Perfect S + has/have + V3 + O S + has/have + been + V3

Modal Verbs (MV) S + MV + V (am/is/are/s/es) + O S + MV + be + V3

Các bước biến đổi câu chủ động thành câu bị động:
1) Xác định đối tượng bị tác động (O), đối tượng tác động (S) và thì của câu.
2) Chuyển đối tượng bị tác động lên đầu câu.
3) Chia các động từ trong câu dựa theo cấu trúc câu bị động của từng thì.
 4) Thêm tổ hợp “by + đối tượng tác động” vào sau động từ (nếu có).
 Lưu ý: Nếu đối tượng tác động không được nói rõ (e.g. they, somebody,
someone, everyone,...) thì có thể bỏ tổ hợp ở bước số 4.
 By + Object pronoun (me, you, him, her, it, us, you, them)
5) Đối với câu phủ định, ta thêm chữ “NOT” vào trong câu.

Examples

Active voice: Last Tuesday, Jimmy bought a new computer.

S V O

Passive voice: Last Tuesday, a new computer was bought by Jimmy.

Active voice: Somebody has stolen all the antiques in this museum.
S V O

Passive voice: All the antiques in this museum has been stolen (by somebody).

Active voice: The company will send you a confirmation email.

Passive voice: __________________________________________________________

Active voice: My parents are making bacon toast for breakfast.

Passive voice: ___________________________________________________________

EXERCISE
1. Fill in the blanks with the correct form of the verbs
a) Tennis ______________ on a clay, grass or hard court. (PLAY)

b) In this hospital, small injuries ________________ by assistant doctors. (TREAT)

c) The wheel _______________ thousands of years ago. (INVENT)

d) English ________________ in many countries all over the world. (SPEAK)

e) Maya _______________ a beautiful dress for her 5th birthday. (GIVE)

f) The goals _______________ in the first 15 minutes of the match. (SCORE)

g) New medicine for many sicknesses ________________ every year. (FIND)

h) America _______________ by Christopher Columbus in 1492. (DISCOVER)

i) Breakfast _______________ from 7 a.m. to 10 a.m. (SERVE)

j) The thief _______________ to the nearest police station. (TAKE)

k) Every day the world news ________________ by millions of people. (WATCH)

l) That roasted chicken _________________ to the party by Jackson. (BRING)

m) In Britain, tons of litter ________________ away every day. (THROW)

n) Many houses _______________ by the flood last week. (DESTROY)

o) The meeting ________________ next week by the school principal. (HOLD)

p) Your homework _______________ by tomorrow afternoon. (MUST FINISH)

q) Smoking _________________ in this hotel. (NOT ALLOW)

r) After all the flights ________________, the tourists decided to go home. (CANCEL)

s) The car __________________ for over a week. (NOT WASH)

t) The earth ________________ if we try hard enough to do something. (CAN SAVE)

u) The new bridge ____________________ at the moment. (BUILD)

2. Change the sentence from active voice to passive voice; passive voice
to active voice
a) The dog chased the cat.
_____________________________________________________________________
b) The boy was stung by a big bee.
_____________________________________________________________________

c) Miss Mary teaches Math and English.

_____________________________________________________________________
d) Witches are not liked by many children, including my sister.
_____________________________________________________________________
e) The evil lion attacked the baby zebra.
_____________________________________________________________________
f) A photograph will be taken by Rita.
_____________________________________________________________________
g) The people were helping the wounded woman.
_____________________________________________________________________
h) That group of bank robbers is being chased by two people.
_____________________________________________________________________
i) Melinda has written a long essay about air pollution in her city.
_____________________________________________________________________
j) The tuna fish on the table was eaten by my cat.
_____________________________________________________________________