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Lecture 3: Equations of Order

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One: Separation of Variables

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 Objective/s
At the end of the lesson, students should be able to:
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• Familiarize themselves with most basic way of solving for the general solution of a DE, the
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separation of variables
 Introduction
We begin our study of the methods for solving first-order differential equations by studying an
equation of the form
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M dx + N dy = 0
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Where M and N may be functions of both x and y. Some equations of this type are so simple that
they can be put in the form

A(x) dx + B(y) dy = 0
That is, the variables can be separated. Then the solution can be written at once .

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Examples:

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𝒅𝒙
𝒅𝒚
=
1. Solve the equation

𝒙
𝟐𝒚

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2. Solve the equation

𝟏 − 𝒙 𝒚′ = 𝒚𝟐

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 3. Solve the equation
𝐬𝐢𝐧 𝒙 𝐬𝐢𝐧 𝒚 𝒅𝒙 + 𝐜𝐨𝐬 𝒙 𝐜𝐨𝐬 𝒚 𝒅𝒚 = 𝟎
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 4. Solve the equation
𝟐
𝒙𝒚𝟑 𝒅𝒙 + 𝒙
𝒆 𝒅𝒚 =𝟎
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 Republic of the Philippines

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5. Solve the equation

𝟐𝒚 𝒅𝒙 = 𝟑𝒙 𝒅𝒚

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 6. . Solve the equation
𝒙𝒄𝒐𝒔𝟐 𝒚 𝒅𝒙 + 𝐭𝐚𝐧 𝒚 𝒅𝒚 = 𝟎
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 7. Solve the equation
𝟏 + 𝒚𝟐 𝒅𝒙 + 𝟏 + 𝒙𝟐 𝒅𝒚 = 𝟎
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With the initial condition that when x = 0 and y= -1

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 8. Solve the equation
𝟐𝒙 𝒚 + 𝟏 𝒅𝒙 − 𝒚 𝒅𝒚 = 𝟎
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Where x = 0 and y= -2
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 9. Obtain the particular solution
𝒅𝒓
= −𝟒𝒓𝒕 ; 𝒘𝒉𝒆𝒏 𝒕 = 𝟎 , 𝒓 = 𝒓𝟎
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𝒅𝒕
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 10. Obtain the particular solution
𝟐𝒙𝒚 𝒅𝒚 = 𝟏 + 𝒚𝟐 𝒅𝒙 ; 𝒘𝒉𝒆𝒏 𝒙 = 𝟐, 𝒚 = 𝟑
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 11. Obtain the particular solution
𝒙𝒚𝒚′ = 𝟏 + 𝒚𝟐 ; 𝒘𝒉𝒆𝒏 𝒙 = 𝟐, 𝒚 = 𝟑
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Any Questions?

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 References:
Tolentino, Romeo Q., and Fainsan, Delia S. Elementary Differential Equations Text Manual.
Manila, Philippines: Booklore Publishing
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Bird, John. (2010). Higher Engineering Mathematics. Sixth Edition. Newnes Publications
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Rainville, Earl D., and Bedient, Phillip E. (1981). Elementary Differential Equations. Sixth Edition.
New York, USA: Macmillan Publishing Co., Inc.
Boyce, William E., and DiPrima, Richard C. (2001). Elementary Differential Equations and
Boundary Value Problems. Seventh Edition. John Wiley & Sons, Inc.

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Thank you.
Stay safe and healthy..

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