Reported speech Ms Trang

Câu trực tiếp gián tiếp

I.Định nghĩa

Vậy cấu trúc câu gián tiếp là gì? cấu trúc câu trực tiếp là gì? Chúng ta hãy đi là
rõ hai khái niệm này nhé!

 Cấu trúc câu trực tiếp (direct speech)

Đây là một câu nói chính xác lời của một người diễn đạt, do đó nó còn được gọi
là câu trích dẫn.

Cấu trúc câu trực tiếp bao gồm:

[Mệnh đề tường thuật] + [“mệnh đề được tường thuật lại”].

Mệnh đề được tường thuật lại sẽ đặt trong dấu ngoặc kép nhằm nhắc lại chính
xác câu từ của người nói.

Ví dụ: He said, “ I went to school yesterday” -> Anh ấy nói là hôm qua anh ấy
đi học.

 Cấu trúc câu gián tiếp (indirect speech)

Là một câu nói thuật lại lời của một người khác nói ở dạng gián tiếp, cấu trúc
câu gián tiếp không sử dụng dấu ngoặc kép và có sự biến đổi về thì của câu.

Cấu trúc câu gián tiếp bao gồm:

[Mệnh đề tường thuật] + that + [Mệnh đề được tường thuật lại].

Câu gián tiếp được thêm từ “that” để nối hai vế câu lại với nhau.

Ví dụ: Mary said that she is hungry now. -> Mary nói là cô ấy đang đói bụng.

II.Các quy tắc chuyển câu trực tiếp sang câu gián tiếp
Reported speech Ms Trang

 Biến đổi S

Chủ ngữ:

 I → He/ She
 You → I/ We/ They
 We → We/ They

Tân ngữ:

 Me → Him/ Her
 You → Me/ Us/ Them
 Us → Us/ Them

Tính từ sở hữu

 My → His/ Her
 Your → My/ Our/ Their
 Our → Our/ Their

Đại từ sở hữu

 Mine → His/ Hers

 Yours → Mine/ Ours/ Theirs
 Ours → Ours/ Theirs

 Biến đổi động trạng từ chỉ thời gian và địa điểm

Câu trực tiếp Câu gián tiếp

This that

These those
Reported speech Ms Trang

Here There

Now Then

Today/ tonight That day/ that night

Yesterday The day before/ the previous

day.

Tomorrow The day after

Ago Before

Next week The following week

 Đổi động từ khuyết thiếu

Câu trực tiếp Câu gián tiếp

Must/have to Had to

Can Could

May Might
Reported speech Ms Trang

Will/shall Would

 Thay đổi thì

Câu trực tiếp Câu gián tiếp

HTĐ QKĐ

HTTD QKTD

HTHT QKHT

QKĐ QKHT

HT HTTD QKHT TD

QKTD QKHTTD

III. Chuyển câu trực tiếp sang gián tiếp

Chuyển đổi câu trực tiếp sang câu gián tiếp thường sẽ có 4 loại câu: Câu mệnh
lệnh/ yêu cầu, câu hỏi, câu cảm thán và câu trần thuật.

1 Cấu trúc câu gián tiếp dạng mệnh lệnh/yêu cầu

Reported speech Ms Trang

Câu mệnh lệnh/yêu cầu thường được sử dụng các động từ như: order, command,
tell, ask, request, require,...

Cách chuyển:

Câu trực tiếp: S + tell/request/require/… + O + to_V.

-> Câu gián tiếp: S + told/requested/ required + O + not to-infinitive.

Ví dụ: “Hurry up”, the teacher said to them

-> The teacher told them to hurry up.

Bài tập

Bài Reported Requests and Orders Change the direct speech into reported
speech:
1. “Please help me carry this” She asked me
She told me to help her to carry that
2. “Please come early” She ________She required to come
early______________________________________________________
3. “Please buy some milk” She _She told me to buy some milk
___________________________________________________________
4. “Could you please open the window?” She __she told me open the window
____________________________________________________________
5. “Could you bring the book tonight?” She ____she told me bring the book that
night __________________________________________________________
6. “Can you help me with my homework, please?” She ____she told me
__________________________________________________________
7. “Would you bring me a cup of coffee, please?” She
______________________________________________________________
Reported speech Ms Trang

8. “Would you mind passing the salt?” She

______________________________________________________________
9. “Would you mind lending me a pencil?” She
______________________________________________________________
10. “I was wondering if you could possibly tell me the time?” She
______________________________________________________________
11. “Do your homework!” 2 / 2 She told me to do my
homework________________________________________________________
12. “Go to bed!”
She required me to go to bed
______________________________________________________________
13. “Don’t be late!”
She __told me not to be late
____________________________________________________________
14. “Don’t smoke!”
She _____required me not to
smoke_________________________________________________________
15. “Tidy your room!”
She _________required me to tidy my room
_____________________________________________________
16. “Wait here!”
She ____told me to wait there
__________________________________________________________
17. “Don’t do that!”
She ___told me not to do that
___________________________________________________________
18. “Eat your dinner!”
Reported speech Ms Trang

She _required me to eat my

dinner___________________________________________________________
__
19. “Don’t make a mess!”
She ____required me not to make a
mess__________________________________________________________
20. “Do the washing-up!”
She ____told me to wash-
up__________________________________________________________

2 Câu gián tiếp dạng câu hỏi

Về câu hỏi thì được chia làm 2 dạng là câu hỏi yes-no và câu hỏi Wh

 Câu hỏi yes-no

S+ asked/inquired/wondered, wanted to know + if/whether +S +V

Ví dụ: “Have you watched that film?”

-> He asked if/whether I had watched that film.

 Câu hỏi Wh ( who, what, where, when)

S + asked(+O)/wanted to know/required/wondered + Wh-words + S + V(lùi thì).

Ví dụ: What time does the class begin?

-> She wanted to know what time the class began

Reported speech Ms Trang

Bài tập

Reported Questions Change these direct questions into reported speech:

1. “Where is he?” She asked me __where he was
____________________________________________________
2. “What are you doing?” She asked me _____what I was doing
________________________________________________
3. “Why did you go out last night?” She asked me ____why you had gone out
the previous night
__________________________________________________
4. “Who was that beautiful woman?” She asked me ____who that beautiful
woman had been__________________________________________________
5. “How is your mother?” She asked me ____how my mother was
__________________________________________________
6. “What are you going to do at the weekend?” She asked me ____what I was
going to do at the weekend
__________________________________________________
7. “Where will you live after graduation?” She asked me
______________________________________________________
8. “What were you doing when I saw you?” She asked me
______________________________________________________
9. “How was the journey?” She asked me
______________________________________________________
10. “How often do you go to the cinema?” She asked me
______________________________________________________
11. “Do you live in London?” She asked me
______________________________________________________
Reported speech Ms Trang

12. “Did he arrive on time?” She asked me

______________________________________________________
13. “Have you been to Paris?” She asked me
______________________________________________________
14. “Can you help me?” She asked me
______________________________________________________
15. “Are you working tonight?” She asked me
______________________________________________________
16. “Will you come later?” She asked me
______________________________________________________
17. “Do you like coffee?” She asked me
______________________________________________________
18. “Is this the road to the station?” She asked me
______________________________________________________
19. “Did you do your homework?” She asked me
______________________________________________________
20. “Have you studied reported speech before?” She asked me
______________________________________________________

3 Câu gián tiếp dạng câu cảm thán

S+ said/told/exclaimed + that + S + V(lùi thì) + O

Ví dụ: What a lovely house they have! -> She said what a lovely house they had.

3.4 Câu gián tiếp dạng trần thuật

S + say(s)/said + that + S + V(lùi thì)

Reported speech Ms Trang

Ví dụ: “I saw him yesterday”

-> She said she had seen him the previous day.

Bài tập

Bài Reported Statements Change this direct speech into reported speech:
1. “He works in a bank” She said
___________________________________________________________
2. “We went out last night” She told me
________________________________________________________
3. “I’m coming!” She said
___________________________________________________________
4. “I was waiting for the bus when he arrived” She told me
________________________________________________________
5. “ I’d never been there before” She said
___________________________________________________________
6. “I didn’t go to the party” She told me
________________________________________________________
7. “Lucy’ll come later” She said
___________________________________________________________
8. “He hasn’t eaten breakfast” She told me
________________________________________________________
9. “I can help you tomorrow” She said
___________________________________________________________
10. “You should go to bed early” She told me
________________________________________________________
11. “I don’t like chocolate” She told me
________________________________________________________
Reported speech Ms Trang

12. “I won’t see you tomorrow” She said

___________________________________________________________
13. “She’s living in Paris for a few months” She said
___________________________________________________________
14. “I visited my parents at the weekend” She told me
________________________________________________________
15. “She hasn’t eaten sushi before” She said
___________________________________________________________
16. “I hadn’t travelled by underground before I came to London” She said
___________________________________________________________
17. “They would help if they could” She said
___________________________________________________________
18. “I’ll do the washing-up later” She told me
________________________________________________________
19. “He could read when he was three” She said
___________________________________________________________
20. “I was sleeping when Julie called” She said
___________________________________________________________

3.5 Những trường hợp đặc biệt của câu gián tiếp

Khi chuyển câu trực tiếp sang câu gián tiếp, chúng ta không đổi thì ở mệnh đề
phù trong các trường hợp đặc biệt sau:

 Động từ trong câu trực tiếp có thời gian cụ thể

Ví dụ: She said, “ I was born in 1990” -> She said that she was born in 1990.

 Câu điều kiện loại 2 và 3

Reported speech Ms Trang

Ví dụ: She said, “If I were you, I wouldn’t come here” -> She said if
she were me she wouldn’t come here.

 Quá khứ giả định

Ví dụ: Mira said, “I wish I were a boy” -> Mira said that she wished she were a
boy

 Câu trực tiếp có chứa could, should, might, used to, ought to, would
rather, had better,...

Ví dụ: Mary said to me, “ you had better not call him” - > Mary said to me I had
better not call him.

 Câu trực tiếp diễn tả một chân lý, một tình huống không đổi.

Ví dụ: My teacher said, “the sun rises in the East” -> My teacher said the sun
rises in the East.

Bài tập

Bài 1. Chuyển câu trực tiếp sang gián tiếp

1. "Where is my umbrella?" Linda asked.

→ Linda asked _________________________________

2. “Open the door,” Anne said.

→ Anne told us _________________________________

3. “Will you come to my party?” Sam said to them.

→ Sam invited them _____________________________

4. "Where have you been?" Sunny asked her daughter.

→ Sunny asked her daughter ______________________

Reported speech Ms Trang

5. “I don’t like this red carpet,” she said.

→ She told me __________________________________

6. Naomi said: “Keiko can’t help you tomorrow.”

→ Naomi said ___________________________________

7. "How do you know that?" Kai asked me.

→ Kai wanted to know ____________________________

8. “I want a new jacket for my birthday,” she said.

→ She said that _________________________________

9. “Don’t forget to turn on the light.” Jimmy said.

→ Jimmy reminded me ___________________________

10. “I should go home to cook a meal.” Lan said.

→ Lan told me __________________________________

11. “Stand up, Dan!” the teacher said.

→ The teacher asked Dan _________________________

12. "Are you going to the cinema?" Namjoon asked me.

→ Namjoon wanted to know _______________________

13. Daniel asked: “Where are you going on your vacation this month?

→ Daniel asked me ______________________________

14. “Are you serious?” he asked Tom.

→ He asked Tom ________________________________

Reported speech Ms Trang

15. “Can I meet you at home?” He asked Anna.

→ He asked Anna _______________________________

Bài tập 2: Chọn câu trả lời đúng

1. Sara said she was leaving for LA _________.

A. next week

B. the week previous

C. following week

D. the following week

2. The professor asked students_________ .

A. why did they slept

B. why they were sleeping

C. why they sleep

D. why were they sleeping

3. Daniel said that London _________ more lively than Seoul.

A. is

B. be

C. was

D. were

4. Jack was worried about the exam. Her mom advised him _________.

A. no worry
Reported speech Ms Trang

B. not worry

C. no to worry

D. not to worry

5. He wanted to know where Minh _________.

A. had lived

B. lived

C. was lived

D. has lived

6. Cindy asked me if I _________.

A. had seen that cat

B. saw that cat

C. has seen that cat

D. see that cat

7. Emma asked him _________ .

A. what time does the meeting end

B. what time the meeting end

C. what time the meeting ended

D. what time did the meeting end

8. He _________ me there’s been an accident on Tran Phu Street.

A. asked
Reported speech Ms Trang

B. said

C. spoke

D. told

9. Sandy asked where_________.

A. her book is

B. her book were

C. her book had been

D. her book had been being

10. Luca wonders _________ doing well at school.

A. whether his sisters are

B. if his sisters was

C. his sisters were

D. his sisters are if

11. David asked Jimin why _________ the film the day before.

A. didn’t he watch

B. hadn’t he watched

C. he doesn’t watch

D. he hadn’t watched

12. She asked me if I _________ speak Korean.

A. could
Reported speech Ms Trang

B. can

C.will

D. was

13. She wanted to know what they _________.

A.doing

B. were doing

C. did

D. had been doing

14. Jenny asked her son where the cat_________.

A. was

B. are

C. have been

D. has been

15. Mimi wanted to know if she _________.

A. was going to the cinema

B. went to the cinema

C. goes to the cinema

D. had gone to the cinema

Bài 3. Chuyển câu trực tiếp sang gián tiếp

1. He said, “ I have already read this book”
Reported speech Ms Trang

=> He said ...........................

2. Join said to his sister, “I want to buy a gift for our mother”
=> Join told his sister ..............................
3. Mrs Brown said, “where are they living?”
=> Mrs Brown asked me .................................
4. “Do you know the girl over there?” Tom said.
=> Tom asked me .....................
5. Mother said, “Nam, why don’t you go to bed?”
=> Mother asked .................................
6. “May I use your telephone?” said my neighbor.
=> My neighbor asked me ...........................
7. The manager said, “come into my office, please.”
=> The manager told his secretary ....................................
8. “Do not get off the bus while it’s going.” Said the driver
=> The driver asked the passengers ..............................
9. She asked to the little boy, “Take a look at yourself in the mirror!”
=> She told the little boy ........................
10. “Don’t put your elbow on the table!” he said.
=> He ordered me ..............................
Bài 4. Chuyển câu trực tiếp sang gián tiếp
1. He said, “they went away yesterday.
2. “I have lived here for ten years” said Tom.
3. The manager said to his assistant, “I’m going to Paris next week.”
4. My friend said, “ I haven’t done my homework.”
5. I think it won’t rain this evening.” Said mother.
Reported speech Ms Trang

6. Mr Clack said, “why are you so sad, Join?”

7. “Is it time to go?” she wondered.
8. They said to me, “do you sleep in the afternoon?”
9. “why didn’t you come here last Sunday?” asked Mary.