Professional Documents
Culture Documents
9802 001 008 2911 2
9802 001 008 2911 2
ﺗﻄﻮﻳﺮ ﺍﺧﺘﺒﺎﺭ ﻛﻮﻧﻴﻞ ﻟﻠﺘﻔﻜﻴﺮ ﺍﻟﻨﺎﻗﺪ :ﺍﻟﻤﺴﺘﻮﻯ ﺃ ﻋﻠﻰ ﻋﻴﻨﺔ ﻣﻦ ﻃﺎﻟﺒﺎﺕ ﺍﻟﺼﻒ ﺍﻟﺨﺎﻣﺲ ﺍﻟﻌﻨﻮﺍﻥ:
-ﺍﻟﺼﻒ ﺍﻟﺘﺎﺳﻊ ﻓﻲ ﺍﻟﻘﻄﻴﻒ -ﺍﻟﻤﻤﻠﻜﺔ ﺍﻟﻌﺮﺑﻴﺔ ﺍﻟﺴﻌﻮﺩﻳﺔ
ﺍﻟﻘﺪﻳﺤﻲ ،ﺭﻭﺩﺍ ﺟﻌﻔﺮ ﺍﻟﻤؤﻟﻒ ﺍﻟﺮﺋﻴﺴﻲ:
ﻳﺤﻴﻰ ،ﺧﻮﻟﺔ ﺃﺣﻤﺪ)ﻣﺸﺮﻑ( ﻣؤﻟﻔﻴﻦ ﺁﺧﺮﻳﻦ:
2006 ﺍﻟﺘﺎﺭﻳﺦ ﺍﻟﻤﻴﻼﺩﻱ:
ﻋﻤﺎﻥ ﻣﻮﻗﻊ:
1 - 78 ﺍﻟﺼﻔﺤﺎﺕ:
547941 ﺭﻗﻢ :MD
ﺭﺳﺎﺋﻞ ﺟﺎﻣﻌﻴﺔ ﻧﻮﻉ ﺍﻟﻤﺤﺘﻮﻯ:
Arabic ﺍﻟﻠﻐﺔ:
ﺭﺳﺎﻟﺔ ﻣﺎﺟﺴﺘﻴﺮ ﺍﻟﺪﺭﺟﺔ ﺍﻟﻌﻠﻤﻴﺔ:
ﻟﻺﺳﺘﺸﻬﺎﺩ ﺑﻬﺬﺍ ﺍﻟﺒﺤﺚ ﻗﻢ ﺑﻨﺴﺦ ﺍﻟﺒﻴﺎﻧﺎﺕ ﺍﻟﺘﺎﻟﻴﺔ ﺣﺴﺐ ﺇﺳﻠﻮﺏ ﺍﻹﺳﺘﺸﻬﺎﺩ ﺍﻟﻤﻄﻠﻮﺏ:
ﺇﺳﻠﻮﺏ APA
ﺍﻟﻘﺪﻳﺤﻲ ،ﺭﻭﺩﺍ ﺟﻌﻔﺮ ،ﻭ ﻳﺤﻴﻰ ،ﺧﻮﻟﺔ ﺃﺣﻤﺪ.(2006) .ﺗﻄﻮﻳﺮ ﺍﺧﺘﺒﺎﺭ ﻛﻮﻧﻴﻞ ﻟﻠﺘﻔﻜﻴﺮ ﺍﻟﻨﺎﻗﺪ :ﺍﻟﻤﺴﺘﻮﻯ ﺃ ﻋﻠﻰ
ﻋﻴﻨﺔ ﻣﻦ ﻃﺎﻟﺒﺎﺕ ﺍﻟﺼﻒ ﺍﻟﺨﺎﻣﺲ -ﺍﻟﺼﻒ ﺍﻟﺘﺎﺳﻊ ﻓﻲ ﺍﻟﻘﻄﻴﻒ -ﺍﻟﻤﻤﻠﻜﺔ ﺍﻟﻌﺮﺑﻴﺔ ﺍﻟﺴﻌﻮﺩﻳﺔ)ﺭﺳﺎﻟﺔ ﻣﺎﺟﺴﺘﻴﺮ
ﻏﻴﺮ ﻣﻨﺸﻮﺭﺓ( .ﺍﻟﺠﺎﻣﻌﺔ ﺍﻻﺭﺩﻧﻴﺔ ،ﻋﻤﺎﻥ .ﻣﺴﺘﺮﺟﻊ ﻣﻦ 547941/Record/com.mandumah.search//:http
ﺇﺳﻠﻮﺏ MLA
ﺍﻟﻘﺪﻳﺤﻲ ،ﺭﻭﺩﺍ ﺟﻌﻔﺮ ،ﻭ ﺧﻮﻟﺔ ﺃﺣﻤﺪ ﻳﺤﻴﻰ" .ﺗﻄﻮﻳﺮ ﺍﺧﺘﺒﺎﺭ ﻛﻮﻧﻴﻞ ﻟﻠﺘﻔﻜﻴﺮ ﺍﻟﻨﺎﻗﺪ :ﺍﻟﻤﺴﺘﻮﻯ ﺃ ﻋﻠﻰ ﻋﻴﻨﺔ ﻣﻦ
ﻃﺎﻟﺒﺎﺕ ﺍﻟﺼﻒ ﺍﻟﺨﺎﻣﺲ -ﺍﻟﺼﻒ ﺍﻟﺘﺎﺳﻊ ﻓﻲ ﺍﻟﻘﻄﻴﻒ -ﺍﻟﻤﻤﻠﻜﺔ ﺍﻟﻌﺮﺑﻴﺔ ﺍﻟﺴﻌﻮﺩﻳﺔ" ﺭﺳﺎﻟﺔ ﻣﺎﺟﺴﺘﻴﺮ .ﺍﻟﺠﺎﻣﻌﺔ
ﺍﻻﺭﺩﻧﻴﺔ ،ﻋﻤﺎﻥ .2006 ،ﻣﺴﺘﺮﺟﻊ ﻣﻦ 547941/Record/com.mandumah.search//:http
; N 4
&
N 4;
&
N 4;
:"$ ' -* /$ @%$> #/> &> +:5 M +$">
., ) 9 & $ ! & & •
(Watson-Glaser) ("# /0 6: "A$/ 8 / 8 &""0/> "/ C*
F2E 6# ("#$ &/$4 (4 F2E E 6#* () @ =7$ ">"2 – @>A"
.J' 8""#$ U">5$ UA/$>; &V$*; F2E =0$ U$$>;
% "E F2E "5: , $ #"A/ ("#2 &/N +0 >'/ @N'/ 8
/$4. &/N &.0 8" &% U: C* "N 2' &/A @ 0 Y.N @
"E F2E )$M #"A/ &/N +0 >' 8$ ."$$ F2E (, U, U, )
(, ) T$" &%* U( @"E 0 C* NN > &/A @ /A ( ) @ %
.( UI:)
+.#$>; A7/ ">< ,$ .E "G )* @% ( ) A > C*
N'/ & Y"' UF< @HE #A C* 0 =: /2A "%5$ C%!
E k2/ "E F2E )#"/A$ "%5$2 (ym) 6: ">"2 – @>A" ("# $/
&#* A/$ &.0 >'/ & .0 =: @ /A P/A ( ) *9
-* C24 ->$; &/N +0 XM% U"2% & "E5 & D ("#
@"/ P5"0V PA/$ > J,$ &)?9 .(,) T$" &12/ U59 [/% 0
.C%! +.#$>; A9 U"%5$ F2E 6# @ +%/ ">< ,$ ">9
+":'$ ( N9 >/ ( ) "A4 & -"> M C*
( C* U> ( K ) "0 ,5 C* "%5$ 6 F2E C*0 +.#$>;
6: ] F2E "%5$2 ("# "A$/ N'/ & .F< @HE #A "%'
=7$ .> ( K ) @ $$ C$ "0 ,5 8,." ">"2 – @>A" ("# (Ym)
@>A" ("# (4 "E5 &/$4; F2E S>$/ E 6#* ( ) @ ("#
@9 UA>$ > "E L "%5$ F2E 6# @9 J,$ &9 U">"2 –
M +N U( K ) "0 ,5 C* P"/> &/N "] A +%/ $ 6# M
.( N7$" ; "/ UC*0 +.#$>; +":'$/ N7$"
/2A < "", ""0 "G FG &* >/ 8 #* ( ) S52' 9
"%5$2 ">"2 – @>A" ("# F2E U"< "%' &0 C* ("%/
0/ C24 ->$; +0 4$> #* ."< ,"/2 T2"0$ "A$ T$$ 0/
I': "5: , $ #"A/ &/N +0 9 .(,) T$" &% U59 [/%
@ 5^ > "E F2E /$4; -/A .(,) k2/* U"@/ – @"/>" 0/
"> )$"$>/ "20 ">! &"2% @ P",E 6$4 /A P/A ( )
-* @E > &5>9 .$^ U"< UX" :&0 @ 52$4
P",:'G
"> &>2 L 0" "%5$ ("# F2E /2A 9 A>$ @"/ (, = α)
:+N & ("#$ C$ "E5 &/$4; F2E XM UF2E< &> I: 52$4
U65 0$ J' 8""#$ U">5$ UA/$>; U&V$*; F2E =0$ U$$>;
"E5 &/$4; F2E /2A 9 A>$ @"/ (, = α) P",:'G -*
&)? % ."20 &"2% I: "20 ">! &"2% /2A @"/ 65 0$
I: "%5$ ("# F2E Y! %M @"/ (, = α) P",:'G -*
.&V$*; F2E =0$ U$$>; S/$4 @ +% F2E U+%% ("# F2E Y!
"%5$ &) "5"% /$4 @"#$ )* @% >/ ( ) SA 8
."< ,"/2 T2"0$ "A$ 0/ T"2E "< &0 /2A 9 ""0 -#$ U
( ) B ( ) A :C : Y.N @ "%5$ &) "5"% /$4 @H %$
@ "$4; _ @ 6#* () @ 6: +% @%$$ U ,*%$ U( ) C
U+"2'$ U+;$>; U8"#$) :"$c "%5$ &) ("# /$4; 84$>" U0$
.( #$>; U$$>;
F2E TVE 8$ UT$"20$ /$4; &#* $ &$ #* U/$4; M @"#$
8"#$ ("# S/$ (5 82E C* 3:4$ 6/4 SM @ @"%' @ E
/$4; -/A 8N UP",) /$4; +"0$ 8$ 8)$?'. V C* UT"2E &?'. /!
XM U$^ 0 /2A @ /A P/A ( ) *9 E k2/ "E.A$> "E F2E
+0 >' -"A @E X' -: @ %7$ 8$ U&/N -: &^ F2E =2
U(,) T$" &% UC"%< 8)2":'$ /$4; F2E /2A &.E @"/ A/$;
@"/ @>"/ A/$ +0 >' +.4 @ C24 / -: @ %7$ 8$ XM%
&.0 8" &% U"E5 &) F2E &.0 /$4; F2E "2% &.0
.(, = α) ",:'G ; &M / A/$;
0 84$>/ C24 ->$; &/N +0 >'/ T %7$ 8$* &/N 9
" &12/ U"5: , $ #"A/ &/N +0 XM% U(,) T$" &12/ (KR20)
C$ @"#$ "E F2E /$4; -/A U(,) "@/ – @"/>" 0/ I': +0
P/A ( ) E k2/ Y"' U+' F2E "#0 ",0 #"A/ "$4 8$
52$4 &E 9 C* -5 ; @E =%2 CN.N @"/$ +"2'$ 84$> ./A
+"2'$ J,$ &)?9 .0 UC> 3:4$ U( :&"1$ >' /2A @
FG J,$ $ 8 .C> 3:4$2 L 0$ /2A 9 &A>$ C* ",:'G P*
U0 9 ( "1$ L 0$ /2A 9 &A>$ C* ",:'G ; &M -*
+"2'$ J,$ P#* /$4; -"/A$ 0/ L .( C> 3:4$ +E5$ XM%
""0 &.0 "", $ -#$ 8$ U""0 &E "'$ @"/$
0$ &"2% /2A ">! &"2% /2A "20 &"2% /2A < ",$ &.0
./$4. "E5 &) "2% & F2E
&.0 >' UP0" ): &.0 >' 8$ U51 /E 8.> /E :EG @
8$ .) +% P/"#$ E> 6 U@"$>2 +.4 C* 6%M &/$4; -"/A$ 8$ .)$/N
UC$M 820$2 "2/# ("# S%$/; "%5$ F2E 6# &/$4 @"/ 'G C* D
-* > J,$ &)?9 .' "%5$ /$4; ):":4$ 8$ #* "N 9
SM L C$M 820$2 "2/# &A>$ @"/ (, ) L$> E ",:'G ; &M
"?52 .A UP0 $$>; "?52 .A :C* D5$ L$> UB54 L$>
UP0 $$>; UP0 &V$*; "%5 .A UP0 &V$*;
E ",:'G ; &M -* .P0 "%5$ :< UP0 &V$*;
L$> B54 L$> SM L C$M 820$2 "2/# &A>$ @"/ (, ) L$>
; &M -* S9 8)"/ "* $ ; T9 @"/$ % .P0 &V$*; :< :C* D5$
"%5$2 />/ 0/ E "* U "%5$ 0/9 S%$/; "%5$ 0/9 C* ",:'G
.CN "%5$2 />/ &V$*; 0/ U+<
*0 PN'/ (MacPhail-Wilcox & Others, 1990) @4b (%%2" +"5% L9
@"> @ E &"$4 U/2A L "%5$ &) F2E ""/ J/ Nb
""/ J/ C* &4$> "/"$ EG C* 8)%! "N > C* .A
+% C* .A E k2/ U> +4 =: ( ) F2E J/ -"/A$ 8$ .(Paideia)
@ @% -"* ("$/ 8 UA/V "/"$ &E FG E UP/A () =:
=: ( U+N +"/> F2E UT/ :4 =9 =: +% @% Y"' @":4
F$' '$ "> D" +.4 @ "%5$ F2E .A D" +%$ # UD>$
"/9 +E9 8"#$/ @20 8 % U"%"< ":$; ">"> 8? > D"A$>"
U"0 *9 L "%5$ "$ =: M C* ("$ = @% UN"' "
&) U /$% &) U&2% "$ UC2"2'$ +;$>; &) FG *V!/
%* E CN =: 9 U< i"$ >/ 0 =: 8 .A _$>;
N9 ' #"A 84$> 8$ .PN"' P" 6") "/< +E< > F2E
T/9 ("$ @% U"%$ ">5$ 8)5 "$ 6"N% ""20$ A9 84$> ("$
&/N" 8 "%5$2 +"% /$4 -/A J/ =9 -"#'$ ."' "> A7/
@9 FG "$ M Y'/ D" . "%5$ &) "$ C* 84$> J/2 N9
)"" C$ "%5$ &) (" C* -: "] @%" T4$> 8$ SM /$4;
. "%5$ &) "$ C* .
P E* @%" ; P>>9 J/ @9 9 J/
&*)$> > (Sesow, F. William, & Others, 1991) @4b >"> L9
HA @7/ XM U4 +/ "E$; &> C20 "%5$ F2E 6# "A$
"%5$ C* 8)$ – &"E$; ("$ -A 6 C* @"2> – 0 .A
"%5$ &) ( 8)>"$ -"A @E U6' "%* &A C* 8)A4 -"A @E
@E " & 5% "A$" 8> 84$> J/ F2E -2A9 U"N 2' .A
.(IMPACT) " "%5$ +"05$ -"A
U2 "%5$ 6) @"E @"$N F2E J/2 >", :0 S$'$
.( A4 "V'$ U">"$ &"%2> 6E
5>25 J/ N9 *0 FG &* > (Shamberlain, 1993) @"/ L9
/2A @ > "E &%$ U "%5$ "$ F2E "%5$ 8"20$ C* +5AO
8)">#$ 8$ UP/A () "0 *9 E k2/ Y"' U(4 D/ @"5: C* @"/
("# 84$> U"/"$ E F2E J/ -/A UA/V "/"$ @"$E FG
< C* ",:'G ; &M -* J,$ &)?9 Y"' U "%5$2 C>""
5>2* J/ @9 +" U"/"$ E I: XM US0/ "%5$ ("# F2E
.C,$/; (4 D/ =: /2A "%5$ "$ C* E>" +5A<
2' C* +5AO "%5$2 ("# / )* @% >/ ( ) "> &
&"1$ V C* 2' M +5A9 L "%5$ &) (" U> ( K) @
CE$; [ U"> L$' UD$ C* "*#N 6"' U( :"$c
.":4 3,:4 U647$ 5A 2' ") "/ U+5A2
&12/ .SEG +< =: FG D/ =: /2A @ > "E &"$4
.( ) A &"E CG &12/ "/ UNG P%M ( ) ": "0 CG
( K) @ "0 2' +5A9 L "%5$2 6" 69 // N'/ &
:&) &2 >
M @E =%$ C$ = B0/ +5AO "%5$ ("# @V$" M
:+N ":4
8">#$ -* ># 6/E @"N (4 F2E ",) T$: C* ("# +$
.-/>
:"$c J,$ FG &"/ +"2'$ 6< -"/A$ 0/ N'/ &2:$
_ "9 F2E "%7$ U "%5$ &) C* Y! %M @"/ -* 8E K
"0 @"/ J =.$4; @% % U &) F2E T"* 6,> *#N D$
C> [ @"/ -"N A/$ U+5A< C* N9 "A# "0 ":
. "%5$ &)
"%5$2 C/"$ J/ "2E* F2E =0$ FG &* > ( ) ' L9
"E &"$4 UXM -"#'$ .@< C* "20 ">>< =5: /2A @ "E F2E
#"A/ > "E &"$4 8N U@H E " C* ">>< ( B0/ @ >
A/V U"/"$ :&E Y.N FG &E U/A P/A ( ) 8E ",0
T$E9 SM "%5$2 C/"$ J/ F2E > &$E ."N A/V F<
T/"$ 8$ UJ/ @ ( 0/9 Y'/ $4 Y"' U(Harnadek, 1976) X
3:' D/9 +0/ U' C> +:* 6 PNG P%M "/"$ E *9 F2E
@"$E @ S9 F2E -/A" 8 U> C* "> 3:' +/ _/>< C*
>"2 @>A /$4 84$> UJ/ "2E* ("# ."N A/V F< A/V
-5$ > J,$ &)?9 U"< ,"/2 0 /0 6: C* "%5$2
UF< A/V @"$E F2E "%5$ ("# F2E < C* "/"$ E
.P",:'G + +%/ "N A/V
>$% L @"/ .0 *0 FG &* > ( ) &" L9 XM%
L U "%5$ &) @< C* "N 2' C* "E$; &> C20
. K C> 80 @ CN +:5 C* U)>5 2' C* ) 8)$/2A >$%
U@""/< SN CN +< @"5: 0 @ /0 () @ > "E &%$
Y'/ 84$> Y"' UYr ( ( ) %M2 ( ( ) D/ > ( ) @
"$4 C* A">/ ",0 #"A U( "$4 C* "#0 ",0 #"A
/2A @ U20 P20 () @"20 @ "0 *9 E k2/ XM/ U/0 820
SM U "%5$2 >"2 @>A /$4 C)* 4$> 6< 9 ./A P/A ( )
T/HE
>$% L @9 > J,$ &)?9 .5"24 "< ,"/2 A U8 "' /E
@E +#" "%5$ &) "N 2' C* 8)$/2A "E$; &> C20
-* 8E > &)?9 U(, ) ; L$> F2E P"/$ +/# L$>
2' C* "E$; &> C20 @"/ (, ) ; L$> F2E ",:'G ; &M
&9 % U3:4$ (2 L 0$ "%5$ &) 8)/>$% L C* U"N
C20 >$% L @"/ (, ) ; L$> E "A/$ .E 8E FG >
) 8)$/2A >$% L U "%5$ &) "N 2' C* "E$; &>
.)>5 2' C*
FG &* > C* (Duffy & Zeidler, 1996) " C* @ +% X$
&E @"%$ ">9 U(6 / ""2#$) 6$4 8"20$ &""$$> =: Y'/
( Y.N C* "'< 6 "%5$ &) 8)5 @"%$ +' ("/$ >$)
2' =5: "'< 6 C* "$/ "M1$ 820$ 8"20$ +$ C* > +N$$ ."N
82> :T0V &"$4; 0$ /$4 +.4 @ 8)5 @"%$ L 8"#$ 8$ UA>$
84$> 8$ % US0/ C2/ /$4% /$4; 84$> 8$ .( ) &>"$
L "%5$ &) 8"#$ "'< /$4 C* "%5$ C* "$/ "M1$/ -20$
U+> US/) 820 =: 6E 84$>/ =: &?'. &"/ D 8$ ./2A
@9 (ANACOVA) ': @"/$ /$4 J,$ +"2'$ 9 .( U@$"/ U"$
&2> .8)5 "1$ F2E "/% N9 T @% ' &E @"%$ T"* 8$ SM
@ F2E9 & 8)5 ""1$ /$4 C* ($ "] +%/ )0"$ 8$ C$ =5:
. "%5$2 Nb "9 > )?$ 8 U($ +%/ )0"$ 8$ C$ =5:
"2E* @"/ # > &*)$> > (Garside, 1996) ">] L9 %
. "%5$ &) "A$ ("$ C* "E ""2#$ 6V' C$#"A
L'G C* "34< @"/ +:$;" # @>" P/A ( ) F2E > "E &2$
> "0 +:* $> F2E > -"/A$ 8$ ."%"< 6'$ &"; C* &0
& #"A/ L$' &> +:* N.N @ F< E &%$ U@"$E FG
6V' #"A/ # > +:* N.N @ "N E &%$ U"E
6/4 &> C* @"">$ )% U@"52$4 @"> @"$E (H .""2#$
CEV /$4 A>/ "%5$ &) (" 8$ U(("$ C* 6/4 &> E)
.=< "%5$ &"$> (Bloom) 82/ =":$ F2E T'"':$ C* $E
.A2 "2% & @"/ # :&# Y.N #E 8$ U> J,$ *0
C* ",:'G &M -* FG +:$ 8$" 8 UC20 +"2'$ 84$>/ ."0/ "2/#
&) C* P"0/ P"2/ .A & @"/ # U@"$E @"/ ("$ C$#"A .%
",:'G ; &M -* @E J,$ 5>$ 8 U(8"#$ U"%$ U+"2'$) "20 "%5$
C* P"0/ P"2/ .A & @"/ # U@"$E @"/ ("$ C$#"A .% C*
; &M -* @E J,$ 5>$ 8 U(-"/A$ U8)5 U*0) ">>< "%5$ &)
.@"$E @"/ ("$ C$#"A .% C* ",:'G
"E$; &> C20 *0 "#$ &*)$> > ( ) > L9
@ 20 820 ( ) @ > "E &%$ .) 8)$> L "%5$ &)
"" @ 6" " ( ) U",E #"A/ "$4 "E$; &> C20
@ &%$ 69 "A$/ Y'/ 8 U> B]9 -"#'$ ./G #A 8"20$ "/$
C20 *0 @9 > J,$ &)?9 .)$/N ): @ -#'$ 8$ U6) ( )
% U(s) P"/$ +/# L$> @V "%5$ &) "E$; &>
&) @"20 *0 C* (, ) L$> E ",:'G ; &M -* &)?9
"/ U"N 2' I: 820 )>" C$ ""20$ 2' FG L 0" "%5$
&> C20 > L C* ",:'G ; &M -* 8E > &)?9
&)?9 XM% U3:4$ 9 6/4 9 ( FG L 0$ "%5$ &) "E$;
( S" > L C* (, ) L$> E ",:'G ; &M -* 8E
.3:4$ 9 6/4 9 ( 9 ""20$ 2' FG L 0$ "%5$ &)
F2E =0$ &* >/ (Melancon & Others, 1997) @4b @%." 8
"%5$ "A$ F2E 52$4 ""20$ +4 "%5$ A9 @"20 8"20$ N9
( ) C,$/; UP/A ( ) SN :@ +% /2A @ 52$4 &"$> @ "E L
5A @ /% E UP/A ( ) (5 82E UP/A ( ) ">"> 820 UP/A
> &4$> .P/A ( ) 8E :4 &"$'; SM 12 C,N 6%/
: "%5$ "A$ C* N^" @9 F2E J,$ & . "%5$2 +"% /$4
+%/ %5" @9 C* @"20 "9 F2E &%9 U8"#$ &9 UJ/ U@20
8)/"$ C* @"20 84$> / > &:9 .8)$/2A F2E XM (%0" F$'
J/ +.4 @ "%5$ 8"20$ FG *V!/ U*N% N%9 +%/ "%5$ &A
.# ) 4 2#$>
F< > .A 6 F2E =0$ FG &* #* ( ) "N > 9
U"N 2' C* _* +% N9 *0 U "%5$ F2E @< C* ") 0 C*
"E &%$ .6# M F2E )"/ +E5$ U0 "N @'$ C* +":'$ L$>
C> 802 ") 0 C* F< > /2A @ /A P/A ( ) @ >
Uc 820 :Y.N 0 &"2% @ P",E "0 &"$4 . K
@E 6/E C Y'/ 69 @N'/ A U"/$ 820 U"! 820 :$;
"%5$2 (Watson Glaser) ">"2 – @>A" /$4 @ "< ,"/2 5"% 0 1":
Y"' UA>$ "%5$ F2E "0 *9 6 @9 > M J,$ @ @"/$ .
J,$ =%$ 8 U) C/>' A>$ +' > "E @ /%< /> & &%
0 "N @'$ C* +":'$ L$> 9 "N 2' C* > _5 N9 @E
. "%5$ F2E 6# F2E
& ! N9 F2E =0$ )* > (MCcrink, 1999) X"% &9
) "E C* "%5$ &) "A$ F2E M 8"20$ & G 8"20$ C* 6%$/
8E k/ C" " 0 C* ">! &"2% /2A @ P",E "$4 P/A ()
8":$ @% U "%5$2 >"2 @>A ("# &4$> UP/A ( )
& U(&) C,:'! /$4; 84$> Y"' UC,N C20 +"2'$ D/$ C,:'!
#"A @"/ (, ) ; L$> E ",:'G ; &M -* 8E F2E J,$
. "%5$ L$> @>'$ C* ""2#$ #"A 6%$/ 8"20$
J/ > "2E* F2E =0$ FG &* > &9 #* ( ) &"4/ 9
L C> +":'$ "%5$ &) B0/ "$ C* C :$; C* $#
6><" C$' 8"20$ C* J/ Ed/ N'/ & .SE! +< =: &M"2$
USE! +< =:2 C :$; # @ " "' @"/" "D$ "$
."%5$ 8"20$ &% J/ @ +< (/ @"$' ( J 8$ Y"'
A/V L4< U6M"2$ ( ) F2E +$$ "/"$ U@"$E F2E "0 &2$
+< =: &M"2$ @"/ @ P",E "$4 8$ @"$E 6M"2$ () F2E +$$
Y"' @ @"$E @"/ N'/ &> U&/2 "E! %4 >/ SE!
P/$4 N'/ &E9 .J/ -"/A$ / +/ "%5$ C2":'$ L$> 0
"%5$ &) P>"# &E9 U@"$"> @"$' C* P# P"EV P"2":'$
.05$ T$/N T: &.0 &% Y"' T$"'.: @ &##'$
"/"$ @"$E &M"2$ @"/ "%5$ C* ",:'G ; &M -*
C* ",:'G ; &M -* U"/"$ E &M"2$ I: A/V
&M"2$ @"/ " "' @"/" "D$ "$ 6><" C$' C* C> +":'$
."/"$ E &M"2$ I: A/V "/"$ @"$E
"%5$ 8"20$ J/ N9 :#$> FG &* > ( ) S# L9
C* C20 E S' =: /2A L &M "#$ "E/! 3,:4 "$ C*
UE S' =: @ P/A ( ) > &V U@H E C* :4 "N (
8"20$ J/ Y'/ 84$> .P/A () A/V UP/A () "/"$ @"$E >
"$ C$ "2#0 ":4 &> ("# U(Harndak, 1980) X) "%5$
"#$ , 84$> U( ) "2E C/< "N 2' C* 8"] @E @"E/ /2A
S0/ C2/# ("#2 A/V "/"$ @$E &0V4 .( ) +"/ &M
"%5$ J/ -/A U&M "#$ , F2E "2#0 ":4 &> ("# F2E
."/"$ E> ( , ) D/ D"/>9 0/> +.4 "/"$ E F2E
; &M -* (ANACOVA) ': @"/$ +"2'$ J,$ &)?9
U"%5$ C* 0/ @ +% C* A/V E "/"$ E @"/ ",:'G
("# "2% U"%5$ C* :< U6/4 F2E $5; U# F2E 6#
C05; CE$; C2#0 U&M "#$ ,# "2% U&>
J/ IV N< FG J,$ M "$ .+%% &M/ #N F2E US> C.4<
.E S' =: /2A L &M "#$ "E/! 3,:4 "A$ F2E "%5$
+' F2E 6# U "%5$ &) L$> "'$ >/ ( ) @'> 8
P/A ( ) @ % ",E "E "$4 8$ .""A>25 &0 /2A L &.%
U( K ) 80 +< C> +:5 ") +/ ""A>2* &0 ( ) @ /A
&"V5 3'* > 2,>9 F2E /! +9 @ .52$4 "> )$"$>/
U&.% +' ("# U":4 &"/ /$> :C &9 6E &4$> )E #N/
*9 @"/ -* > J,$ &)?9 . "%5$ &) ("# "5"% /$4
UB54 :&"$> Y.N F2E E $ Y"' U "%5$ &) L$> C* "0
B54 L$> U(s ,) D5$ L$> C* "0 *9 /> UD5$ UA>$
.(s, ) A>$ L$> U(s ,)
'$# ""$$> "0*" (" )* @% > ( ) @"2> L9 %
=: .A L "%5$ &) "$ C* ' _V SM 6 # $% ("$
USN +< =: .A @ @"$E @ > "E &%$ ."SN +<
."N i"A/ 5% >/ UP/A ( ) A/V "N UP/A () "/"$ 'G
""$$>; "/"$ E &> Y"' U> M C* C/"$ J) 84$>
.""2#$ #"A/ A/V E &> "/ U'$#
SM 6 # $% 8)>"$ E @"202 C>"$ < ?'. ?'. A/
– @>A /$4 U"< "2#0 &# /$4 UY'/ EG @ U' _V
_V SM 6 # $% @ F< N.N +:52 '$# 6' U "%5$2 >"2
@E > &5>9 UY'/ EG @ USN +< =: F2E # '
&) C* A/V "/"$ @"$E & CA>$ @"/ ",:'G ; &M -*
J' 8"#$ U">5$ UA/$>; U&2> *0 U$$>; :"$c "%5$
."/"$ E I:
"2E* L @E =% ).4 @ &*)$> > &9 #* ( ) C"$ 9
C$ >", &) "$ C* UPE "%5$ "2E 6 5% 6" C* C/"$ J/
&/A @ ( ) ) "E F2E > &"9 U"%5$ @ _ M )"2E 8#"
(") U(A/V "/"$) @"$E FG &> U&"% / SN CN =:
">"2 @>A" &5"0$ P#* U# "%5$ (" &9 84$>/ (S0/ C2/
A/$; ">9 :+N U52$4 ",:'G ">9 84$>/ U(Watson & Glaser, 1964)
&$$ " % E (""# U(Alpha) >' -"A @E C24 ->$; &.0
(MANOVA) &"1$ 0$ @"/$ +"2'$ 84$> U""0 &*'; &A>$2
+":'$ %M C* @"$E @"/ ^*%$ A/V =)/ (ANCOVA) @"/$ S'9
6" C* C/"$ J/ "0* J,$ &)?9 U "%5$ &"1$ B0/ C"%<
6' 6) N$>/ )"2E 8#$ C$ &) =2$4 UPE "%5$ "2E 6 5%
.&$$>; 8"#$ &) C A#*
/2A2 "%5$ &) 8"20$ &*)$> > ( ) C 0 L9
UB1 M) EG 8$ AA4 C>"$ J/ +.4 @ &"V" 6 C* @" "$
"5"% IV$ 2 2N9 &20 ) +% @V$" U( E 6: C* 8#"
FA0$ "%5$ &) @ 6) +% 6' "/"$ A9 6) M D +0$
+.4 @ "%5$ 8"20$ N9 *0 FG &* XM% U+E -9 +% F2E .A2
XM% U&"V" C* @" "$ /2A L "%5$ 820$ A9 F2E C>"$ J/
@% .&"V" 6 C* @" "$ @"/ 2V5 0, "%5$ A9 820$ A9 *0
E9 +:5 E @"2:* 8? "N ( @ E @E 6/E > D$
( ) SN +< =: .A @ P/A () > "E .S'< ?*' C* /2A
E &0V4 UA/V E C* P/A ( ) U"/"$ E C* P/A
.C/"$ E> ( , ) D/ "$2 "/"$
U(&) /$4 84$> 8$ U(MANOVA) &"1$ 0$ @"/$ +"2'$ 84$> 8$
E I: "%5$ A9 C* ",:'G ; &M -* J,$ &)?9
."/"$
"A$ 9 )/"0$ 0/ "%5$ &/$4 &4$> C$ &>2 />/
84$>$ @9 @%" C$ ""0 )" *$$ @9 @ 84$>;/ & #* U52$4 -A/
F2E N^" M U@":'5 @ T9 @"/ 3'5 L$> "'$ 9 U# &"20
8"#2 ' FG E" U),$ 8"0$ +' C* C4 ): &> M J,$
*% F2E -/A" G U "%5$ &/$4; A#* (" U@"#$ "A$ &"20/
/" M .52$4 &> C* &"/ D 84$>$ C$ ("# &9 &/$4;
+"% /$4 "A$ & d/ #/> &> @E =2$4$ C$ > M)/ 8"#
""0 &20 F2E $E;/ U'"': 6:/ T4$> @"N'/2 F>$" U "%5$2
"E =.$4; *V!/ U"20 Y'/ -: @ " $ U&"0$ G @ 8)%$
.J,$ +"2'$ > & G U>
> &% ">"2 – @>A" /$4 &4$> C$ #/> &> @"/ @
U( ) I: 8 / U( ) "A4 U( ) A U( ) @">'
U( ) S' U( ) S52' U( ) &" U( ) '
.( ) C"$ U( ) @"2>
&%* U "%5$ &) "5"% /$4 &4$> C$ #/> &>
.( ) SA U( ) @'> >
+"5% C)* U "%5$2 +"% /$4 &4$> C$ #/> &>
.( ) @4b @%." U( ) @4b >"> U( ) (%%2"
+' /E 0 8#$ D A$" "%5$ @9 #/> &> &)?9 %
.( US' g US52') >
/2A L "%5$ L$>/ PE P50V &> M & %
("$ N9 "%5$ &) @"20 84$> C* 3# U( U&" )
.( U> g U&" )
> N$>/ "%5$ &"$> C* @"> @"/ P* &> $ 8
.+V*9 Y! @9 SM ( US52')
@%" ", 6? "%5$ (>9 F2E 0 "1$ M47$ "' > @G
.J"$/ )>"
C* U>2 S? EG C* #/> &> @ N'/ &5$>
. "%5$2 +"% /$4 "A$ & G
"$ $ @ E &$ C$ #/> &> F2E _.A! +.4 @
U "%5$ ("# 52$4 (""# &9 84$> +.4 @ XM U/2A E "%5$
"/0 ,"/ F2E "%5$ &/$4 @"#$ 9 "A$ &$ C$ "/0 &> 2
U"' > D &> M # U34 +%/ "0> ,"/ F2E U8E +%/
,"/ F2E @# "] PE Y"' /$4 84$>/ 8#$ )< g6"* "' > @d*
/>/ )E @ 6"* /$0$ XM% U(9 L$>) "%5$2 +"% /$4 U"/0
(4 =: @) ">>< 2' &/A @ C U)"2E /$4; -"/A$ 8$ C$ "0
.(C>>< D>$ F$'
Y' +9 @ C/0 @A "0> C* 6" /$ "' > ="V$
."2E -A/ "A$ "%5$ &/$4/ 8$; F2E @""/$