AP

Module 2
1. Ang mga ito ang dalawang laganap na panukat ng kalagayan o gawain ng

ekonomiya.

2. Tumutukoy ito sa market value ng lahat ng tapos na produkto at serbisyo sa

loob ng bansa sa isang tiyak na panahon.

3. Panukat ito sa kalagayan ng ekonomiya na sumasaklaw sa lahat ng

produksiyon ng mga mamamayan ng isang bansa, kahit nasa anong bahagi

man sila ng mundo.

4. Ito ay isang paraan sa pagsukat ng GDP na nagsasaalang-alang sa

kabuoang halaga ng paggasta ng sambahayan, bahay-kalakal, pamahalaan,

at panlabas na sektor para sa tapos na mga produkto o serbisyo.

5. Ito ay isang paraan sa pagsukat ng GDP na nagsasaalang-alang sa mga

kinita sa pagbebenta ng mga salik ng produksiyon, kabilang na ang sahod ng

mga manggagawa, upa sa lupa, interes sa kapital, at tubo ng entreprenyur.

6. Sumusukat ito sa GDP gamit ang umiiral na presyo.

7. Sumusukat ito sa GDP gamit ang presyong nakapako sa isang tiyak na

panahon.

8. Tumutukoy ito sa aktuwal na halaga ng transaksiyon na tinatanggap ng

mamimili sa merkado.

9. Hindi binibilang sa GDP ang halaga ng mga intermediate na produksiyon

upang maiwasan ito.

10. Ginagamit ito upang maiwasan ang multiple counting at maisama lamang sa

bilang ng GDP ang mga tapos na produkto. Hy

Balikan

Tukuyin ang inilalarawan ng bawat pahayag. Isulat sa kuwaderno ang iyong sagot.

1. Ito ay pag-aaral na nakapokus sa mga pangyayari sa kabuoan ng ekonomiya.

2. Nagaganap ito kapag mas malaki ang export kaysa sa import.

3. Sa modelong ito makikita ang ugnayan ng iba't ibang bahagi ng ekonomiya

tulad ng sambahayan, bahay-kalakal, at pamahalaan.

4. Tuwing ang sambahayan ay magbabayad nito, mayroon ulit bahagi ng kita ng

sambahayan na lumalabas sa daloy ngunit bumabalik din sa anyo ng

paggasta ng pamahalaan, tulad sa mga impraestruktura.

5. Kung sa factors market nagaganap ang transaksiyong may kinalaman sa

mga salik ng produksiyon, at sa goods and services market ang may

kinalaman sa produkto at serbisyo, sa market naman na ito nagkakaroon ng

ugnayan ang mga nais mag-impok at magpautang, at ang mga nais

mangutang at mamuhunan.

Subukin

1. GDP at GNP

2. Gross Domestic Product o GDP

3. Gross National Product o GNP

4. Expenditure approach

5. Income Approach

6.Nominal GDP

7.Real GDP
8. Market value

9. Multiple counting

10. Value-added approach

Balikan

1.makroekonomiks

2. trade surplus

3. paikot na daloy ng ekonomiya

4. buwis

5. financial market

Module 3

Subukin

Tukuyin ang isinasaad sa bawat bilang. Isulat sa papel ang iyong sagot.

1. Ito ay tumutukoy sa pagtaas ng pangkalahatang presyo ng mga produkto at

serbisyo sa paglipas ng panahon.

2. Tumutukoy ito sa bilis ng pagtaas ng presyo ng mga produkto at serbisyo.

3. Ang uri ng implasyon na ito ay bunga ng mas mabilis na pagtaas ng

kabuoang demand kaysa sa kabuoang suplay.

4. Ang un ng implasyon na ito ay bunga ng salungat na paggalaw ng kabuoang

suplay kung ihahambing sa kabuoang demand, na siyang nagpapataas sa

halaga ng produksiyon.

5. Ito ay price index na sinusukat ang paggalaw ng presyo ng representative

basket ng pilling produkto at serbisyo na kinokonsumo ng karaniwang

sambahayan sa isang takdang panahon.

6. Sa inflation na ito ay isinasama ang lahat ng bagay sa ekonomiya na

nakararanas ng implasyon, kabilang na ang mga produktong madalas na

nagbabago-bago ang presyo.

7. Sa inflation na ito ay hindi na isinasama ang mga bagay na ang presyo ay

madalas magbago kada buwan, gaya ng pagkain at petrolyo.

8. Sinusukat nito ang paggalaw ng presyo ng representative basket ng mga

salik ng produksiyon.

9. Sinusukat nito ang paggalaw ng market value ng lahat ng mga tapos na

produkto at serbisyo na ginawa sa loob ng bansa sa isang tiyak na panahon

10. Ito ang tawag sa mga produktong madalas na nagbabago-bago ang presyo

dahil naaapektuhan ito ng iba't ibang kondisyon, tulad ng pangkalikasan,

politikal, at iba pa.

Tayahin

I. Isulat ang CP kung ang sumusunod na halimbawa ay nagpapakita ng

cost-push inflation at DP naman kung demand-pull inflation.

ang

1. Sa araw ng mga puso, marami ang bumibili ng bulaklak kaya tumataas a

2. Isinabatas ang pagtataas ng minimum wage para sa lahat ng mga

presyo.

manggagawa sa buong bansa.

3. Tumaas ang presyo ng harina kaya tumaas ang presyo ng tinapay sa bakery

4. Tumaas ang pamasahe dahil sa pagtaas ng presyo ng gasolina.

5. Tumaas ang presyo ng gulay dahil nasalanta ng bagyo ang Benguet.

gustong-gustong

6. Tumaas ang presyo ng school supplies dahil malapit na ang pasukan.

7. Tumaas ang entrance fee sa lumang bahay kung saan

pumunta ng mga tao dahil naitampok ito sa balitang kakaiba sa telebisyon.

8. Tumaas ang presyo ng cell phone dahil sa napabalitang maganda raw ang

mga bagong modelo kaya marami ang nag-aabang sa paglabas ng mga ito.

9. Tumaas ang presyo ng sapatos dahil nagtaas ang presyo ng balat na

ginagamit dito.

10. Tumaas ang presyo ng karne dahil malapit na ang Pasko.

Subukin

1.Implasyon

2.Inflation rate

3. Demand-pull inflation

4.Cost-push inflation

5.Consumer Price Index o CPI

6. Headline inflation

7. Core inflation

8. Producer Price Index o PPI

9. GDP deflator

10. Volatile products

Tyahin

1. DP
2. CP

3. CP

4 CP

5. DP

6. DP

7. DP

8. DP

9. CP

10. DP

Module 4

Subukin

Tukuyin ang isinasaad sa bawat bilang. Isulat sa papel ang iyong sagot.

1. Tumutukoy sa

pagbubuwis at paggasta ng pamahalaan na siyang

nakaaapekto sa galaw ng ekonomiya

2. Tawag sa uri ng paggasta ng pamahalaan para sa mga impraestruktura tulad

ng mga kalsada, paaralan, at pagamutan.

3. Salaping nalilikom ng pamahalaan mula sa mga mamamayan, kaugnay ng

kanilang kita, ari-arian, pamana, donasyon, at iba pa na ginagamit naman ng

pamahalaan sa paggasta nito

4. Kung mahina ang ekonomiya dahil mababa ang kubuoang demand at marami

ang walang trabaho, ito ang fiscal policy na ipatutupad.

5.

Nangangahulugan ito na ang ginagawang paggasta ng isang tao ay nagiging

kita ng iba na siya namang ginagamit sa muling paggasta.

6. Kung ang ekonomiya ay nakararanas ng mataas na kabuoang demand na

sobra sa kung ano ang nararapat, ito ang ipinatutupad na patakaran ng

pamahalaan kung saan maaaring babaan ng pamahalaan ang paggasta o

taasan ang buwis, o kombinasyon nito.

7. Ang batayan ng babayarang buwis na ito ay ang kita na mula sa ari-arian,

propesyon, pakikipagkalakalan, o katungkulan.

8. Tawag sa buwis na maaaring ilipat sa iba at ilan sa halimbawa nito ang

value-added tax at sales tax

9. Ang batayan ng babayarang buwis na ito ay ang kita mula sa pagbebenta,

pakikipagpalit, o iba pang paraan ng paglilipat ng pagmamay-ari ng mga

capital asset na nasa Pilipinas

10 Tawag ito sa paggasta ng pamahalaan sa mga produkto at serbisyo, tulad ng

paggasta sa serbisyong medikal, edukasyon, at pasahod sa mga kawani ng

pamahalaan

Subukin

1. Patakarang piskal

2. Capital spending

3. Buwis

Expansionary fiscal policy

4.

5. Multiplier effect

6.

Contractionary fiscal policy

7.

Income tax

8.

Indirect tax

9. Capital Gains Tax

10. Government final consumption expenditure

Tayahin

1 Tukuyin ang isinasaad sa bawat bilang. Isulat sa papel ang iyong sagot

hD

1. Ang patakarang ito ay nauukol sa paggamit ng pamahalaan sa pagbubuwis at

paggasta upang makontrol ang paggalaw ng ekonomiya.

a. patakarang piskal

b. patakaran sa pananalapi

2. Isinasagawa ng pamahalaan ang expansionary fiscal policy upang pasiglahin

ang matamlay na ekonomiya sa pamamagitan ng

a pagbabawas ng gastos at pagdaragdag ng singil sa buwis

b. pagbabawas ng manggagawa sa mga bahay-kalakal

c. pagpapataas sa paggasta at pagbabawas ng singil sa buwis

d. pagpapataas sa antas ng interes sa pautang

c. patakarang pagpapautang

d. patakaran sa pamumuhunan

3. Kapag bumaba ang paggasta ng pamahalaan at tumaas ang antas ng

pagbubuwis, magdudulot ito ng

a. pagtaas ng kabuoang suplay

b. pagbaba ng kabuoang demand

c. pagbaba ng kabuoang suplay

d. pagtaas ng kabuoang demand

4. Ipinatutupad ng pamahalaan ang contractionary fiscal policy upang maiwasan

ang pagkakaroon ng

a. implasyon

b. deplasyon

c. depresasyon

d. debalwasyon

5. Kapag tumaas ang paggasta ng pamahalaan, ang suplay ng salapi sa

ekonomiya ay

a. tataas

b. bababa

c. hindi magbabago

d. wala sa nabanggit

II. Tukuyin ang buwis na isinasaad sa bawat bilang. Isulat sa isang papel ang iyong

sagot.

1. Buwis na ipinapapataw sa halaga ng ari-ariang ibinigay bilang

donasyon o regalo.

2. Buwis na ipinapataw sa halaga ng lupa, bahay, o kauri nitong ari-arian.

3. Buwis na ipinapataw sa kita mula sa pagbebenta, pakikipagpalit, o iba

pang paraan ng paglilipat ng pagmamay-ari ng mga capital asset na

nasa Pilipinas.

4. Buwis na ipinapataw sa halaga ng inaangkat mula o iniluluwas sa

pandaigdigang pamilihan.

5. Buwis na pinapataw sa halaga ng pagbenta o pag-upa ng ari-arian o

pagtitinda ng serbisyo.

Tayahin

1. A

2. C

3. B

4. A

5. A

II.

1. Gift o Donor's Tax

2 Property Tax

3 Capital Gains Tax

4 Customs Duty

5 Value-added Tax (VAT)

Module 5

Subukin

Tukuyin ang isinasaad sa bawat bilang. Isulat sa papel ang iyong sagot.

1. Ito ay tumutukoy sa patakaran kaugnay ng pamamahala sa salapi sa

ekonomiya ng bansa upang matiyak na matatag ang presyo.

2. Nakasalalay rito ang patakarang pampananalapi o ang pamamahala sa laki

ng salapi sa ekonomiya.

3. Sa polisiyang ito sa patakarang pampananalapi, dinaragdagan ang suplay ng

salapi sa ekonomiya upang mapababa ang interest rate.

4. Sa polisiyang ito sa patakarang pampananalapi, binabawasan ang pera sa

sirkulasyon upang tumaas ang interest rate.

5. Isa ito sa instrumentong ginagamit sa pagpapatupad ng patakarang

pampananalapi na tumutukoy sa alituntunin ng bangko sentral kung saan ang

mga bangko ay inaatasang maglaan ng bahagi ng mga deposito bilang

reserve.

6. Ito ang tawag sa interest rate na ipinapataw ng bangko sentral sa mga

bangkong nais mangutang dito upang palakihin ang kanilang reserves.

7. Isa ito sa mga instrumentong ginagamit sa pagpapatupad ng patakarang

pampananalapi na tumutukoy sa pagbili at pagbenta ng mga government

bond.

8. Ito ay binubuo ng mga institusyong nag-uugnay sa nag-iimpok at

nagpapautang.

9. Ito ang mangyayari kung ang reserve requirement ng mga bangko ay itataas.

10. Ito ang mangyayari kung itataas ng bangko sentral ang discount rate na

ipinapataw sa mga bangkong nais mangutang dito.

Subukin

1. patakarang pampananalapi

2. bangko sentral ng isang bansa

3. expansionary monetary policy

4. contractionary monetary policy

5. reserve requirement

6. discount rate

7. open market operations

8. sistema ng pananalapi

9. mas kakaunti ang maaaring ipautang ng bangko at mas maliit din ang maidaragdag

na salapi sa sirkulasyon

10. mapipigilan ang mga bangkong mangutang ng salapi sa bangko sentral at

mababawasan ang suplay ng salapi sa ekonomiya

Tayahin

Piliin ang pinakatamang sagot. Isulat sa papel ang iyong sagot

1. Ito ang pamamaraan ng BSP upang makontrol ang suplay ng salapi n

bansa.

a patakarang piskal

b. patakarang pampananalapi

c. patakarang panlabas

d. patakaran sa pamumuhunan

2. Ang BSP ay nagbebenta ng government bonds at treasury bills upang

a. dagdagan ang salaping nasa sirkulasyon

b. bawasan ang salapi sa sirkulasyon

c. mapalitan ang salaping nasa sirkulasyon

d. di-magbago ang salapi sa sirkulasyon

3. Ang BRB Savings Bank ay may P600 milyon na deposito. Ang resens

requirement ay 10%. Magkano ang dapat itabi ng bangko bilang reserse

a. POM

c. P100M

b. P60M

d. P160M

4. Ito ang pangunahing bangko sa Pilipinas na may tungkuling pangunahan ang

pangangasiwa sa mga patakarang pananalapi ng bansa. Ano ang tinutukoy

a. Pangunahing Bangko ng Pilipinas

b. Bangko ng mga Pilipino

c. Bangko Sentral ng Pilipinas

d. Pambansang Bangko ng mga Pilipino

5. Kung ang patakarang piskal ay tumutukoy sa instrumentong ginagamit upang

matamo ang maayos na daloy ng ekonomiya, ano naman ang patakaran sa

pananalapi?

a. Pagpapanatili ng balanseng suplay ng salapi

b. Pagpapanatili ng mataas na palitan ng piso laban sa dolyar

c. Pagpapanatili ng maraming dayuhang namumuhunan

d. Pagpapanatili ng mabuting ugnayan sa kalakalang panlabasa

II. Tukuyin ang isinasaad sa bawat bilang. Isulat sa papel ang iyong sagot.

1. Tawag sa pormulang 1/(reserve requirement ratio) na nagtatakda kung gaano

kalaki ang bagong salaping malilikha ng bawat pisong deposito sa bangko.

2. Uri ng patakarang pampananalapi kung saan binabawasan ang pera sa

sirkulasyon upang tumaas ang interest rate.

3. Tawag sa interest rate na ipinapataw ng bangko sentral sa mga bangkong

nais mangutang dito upang palakihin ang kanilang reserves.

4. Tawag sa pagbili at pagbenta ng government bond.

5. Tawag sa mga institusyong nagsasagawa ng indirect financing.

Isagawa

Suriin ang ginawa ng mag-aaral.

Tayahin

1. B

2. B

3. B

4. C

5. A

II.

1. money multiplier

2. contractionary monetary policy

3. discount rate

4. open market operations

5. financial intermediary

Arts

WHAT TO KNOW

Neoclassicism and Romanticism were the movements after the Rococo period
that flourished across Western Europe and the United States which spanned

approximately from the late eighteenth to the nineteenth centuries.

Neoclassicism, 1780-1840

The word neoclassic came from the Greek word neos meaning "new and the Latin

word classicus which is similar in meaning to the English phrase "first class.

The Western movement in decorative and visual arts was called Neoclassicism.

It also applies to literature, theater, nusic, and architecture that were influenced

by the Classical art and culture of Ancient Greece and Ancient Rome.

The Neoclassical movement coincided with the 18th century Age of Reason

also known as the Age of Enlightenment. The art style in this period was brought

about by the renewed interest in Greek and Roman classics.

Neoclassical art pieces such as paintings, seculpture, and architecture generally

portrayed Roman history which elevated the Roman heroes.

Characteristics:

portrayal of Roman history

formal composition

the use of diagonals to show the peak of an emotion or moment (versus a

regular moment)

local color

overall lighting

classic geo-structure

Neoclassicism:

This is the renewed interest in classical ideals and forms

that influenced European and American society through

idea, politics, and fine arts during the 18th and 19th

century. It also refers to the art forms created after but

inspired by the ancient times. This period was derived

from the Classicism movement.

Classicism:

This is the period in which Greek and Roman principles

and styles were reflected in society.

Be careful not to interchange the two terms. Classicism refers to the art forms

produced in antiquity or inspired by it afterward, while Neoclassicism refers to

the art forms inspired by ancient times, but created later.

NEOCLASSICAL PAINTING

Neoclassical artists embraced the ideals of order and moderation in which artistic
interpretations of classic Greek and Roman history were restored to realistic

portrayals. Neoclassical painters gave great importance to the costumes, settings,

and details of classical subject-matter without adding distracting details but with

as much historical accuracy as possible.

Neo-classical artists

There are a number of neo-classical artists from Europe and the United States. Below are some
of them:

Jacques-Louis David (1748-1825) France

Jacques-Louis David was an influential French

painter in the Neoclassical style, and considered

to be the pre-eminent painter of the era. His

subjects of paintings were more on history.

Self portrait of Jacques-Louis David

The Death of Marat (J. David)

David's masterpiece shows the portrayal of a revolutionary martyr. This is

a painting of the murdered French revolutionary leader Jean-Paul Marat

Napoleon Crossing the Alps (J. David)

The painting that showed a strongly idealized view of the real crossing

that Napoleon and his army made across the Alps through the Great St.

Bernard Pass in May 1800.

Oath of the Horati (J. David)

It was a large painting that depicts a scene from a Roman legend about

the dispute between Rome and Alba Longa. The three brothers, all of

whom appear wiling to sacrifice their lives for the good of Rome, are

shown saluting their father who holds their swords out for them.

Jean-Auguste-Dominique Ingres (1780-

1867) France

Ingres was a pupil of Jacques-Louis David. He

was influenced by Italian Renaissance painters

like Raphael, Nicolas Pousin, Botticelli, and his

mentor, Jacques-Louis David.

His paintings were usually nudes, portraits,

and mythological themes. He was regarded as

one of the great exemplars of academic art and

one of the finest Old Masters of his era.

Famous Artworks:

Portrait of Napoléon on the Imperial Throne

(J.Ingres)

The painting depicts Napoleon in his decadent coronation costume

seated upon his golden-encrusted throne, hand resting upon smooth

ivory balis During his reign, the painting was owned bry the Corps

Legislatif which was a part of the French Legislature. The painting was

believed to be commissioned by Napoleon as King of italy.

The Apotheosis of Homer (J. Ingres)

The painting was a state-commission by Charles X to have him

remembered in the building works of the Louvre. The painting depicts

an image of Homer, receiving all the brilliant men of Rome, Greece, and

contemporary times.

NEOCLASSICAL SCULPTURES

The Neoclassical period was one of the great ages of public sculpture. Artists

looked to Roman styles during the time of Alexander the Great for inspiration

as well as to mimic their style.

Neo-classical Sculptors

Antonio Canova (1757-1822) Italy

Canova was a prolific Italian artist and sculptor

who became famous for his marble sculptures

that delicately rendered nude flesh.

He opened the idea for portraying discrete

sexual pleasures by using pure contours with his

mythological compositions.
Psyche Awakened by Cupid's Kiss(A. Canova)

A martle sculpture portraying the relationship of Psyche and Cupid.

Washington (A. Canova)

This is a marble sculpture of Washington currently displayed at North

Carolina Museum of History.

BERTEL THORVALDSEN (1789-1838) Denmark

Thorvaldsen was the first internationally acclaimed Danish artist. He executed

sculptures of mythological and religious themes characters.

Famous Artworks:

Christ (B. thorvaldsen)

A marble sculpture image of resurrected Christ currently located at the

Thorvaldsen Museum.

Lion of Lucerne (B. thorvaldsen)

A sculpture of a dying lion in Lucerne, Switzerland that commemorates

the Swiss Guards who were massacred in 1792 during the French Revolution.

Neoclassical Architecture

Neoclassical architectural styles started in the mid-18th century. It turned away

from the grandeur of Rococo style and the Late Baroque. In its purest form,

Neoclassical architecture was a style principally derived from the architecture

of Classical Greece and Rome and the architectural designs of the Italian archi-

tect Andrea Palladio.

Types of Neoclassical Architecture:

TEMPLE STYLE
Temple style building design was based on an ancient temple. These buildings

were uncommon during the Renaissance as architects of that period focused

mainly on applying classical elements to churches and modern buildings like

palazzos and villas.

Many temple style buildings feature a peristyle (a continuous line ofcolumns

around a building), a rare feature of Renaissance architecture.

Most famnous Temple Style buildings of the Neoclassical age:

Panthéon, Paris,

by Jacques-Germain Soufflot

British Museum, London, Robert Smirke

La Madeleine de Paris,

by Pierre-Alexandre Vignon

PALLADIAN STYLE

Palladian buildings were based on Andrea Palladio's style of villa construction.

Some of the buildings feature a balustrade which is a railing with vertical supports

along the edge of the roof. There are vertical supports within a balustrade known

as "balusters or"spindles. It is alsoa classical method of crowninga building

hat has a flat or low lying roof. One of the famous architects in the era was:

Robert Adam (1728-1792) Britain

He was known as the Palladian architect of the Neoclassical who designed twO

well-known American civic buildings - The White House and the United States

Capitol. He had also designed many country houses.

CLASSICAL BLOCKSTYLE

The building features a rectagular or square plan, with a flat roof and an exterior
rich in classical detail. The exterior features a repeated classical pattern or series

of arches and/or columns, The overall impression of sucha building was a huge

classically-decorated rectangular block.

Classical block aesthetic was also known as "Beaux-Arts style, since it was

developed principally by the French École des Beaux-Arts (School of Fine Arts).

Classical block architecture also flourished in the United States, particularly

in New York.

Famous Architects of this architectural style were:

A. Henri Labrouste- His masterpiece is the Library of Sainte-Geneviève,

B. Charles Garnier - He designed the most famous classical block of all which

is the Palais Garnier (a Neobaroque opera house).

Library of Sainte-Geneviève

(H. Labrouste)

PALAIS Garnier "PARIS OPERA HOUSE"

(C. Garnier)

Other buildings in classical block style:

New York Public Library by: Carrere & Hastings

Architectural Firm, 1895

Boston Public Library by: Charles Follen Mckim, 1895

Romanticism, 1800s-1810s

romanticism was a movement in which the artists of Neoclassical period sought

to break new ground in the expression of emotion, both subtle and storny. It

embraced a number of distinctive themes, such as a longing for history, super-

natural elements, social injustices, and nature.

Landscape painting also became more popular due to the peoples romantic

adoration of nature.

Romanticism was a reaction to the classical, contemplative nature of

Neoclassical pieces.

Characteristics:

height of action

emotional extremes

celebrated nature as out of control

dramatic compositions

• heightened sensation (life and death moments)

ROMANTIC PAINTING (Portraits/Figures)

The paintings of the Romantic period gave more emphasis on emotion. Artists

expressed as much feeling and passion as it could be on a canvas.

PAINTERS OF THE ROMANTIC PERIOD

Jean louis Théodore Géricault (1791-1824)

France

Géricault was the first French master and the leader

of the French realistic school. His masterpieces were

energetic, powerful, brilliantly colored, and tightly

composed.

Famous Artworks:

The Raft of the Medusa (T. Géricault)

The Raft of the Medusa portrays the victims of a contemporary

shipwreck. The people on this raft were French emigrants en route

to West Africa.

Charging Chasseur (T. Géricault)

His first major work revealed the influence of the style of Rubens

and an interest in the depiction of contemporary subject mattet.

Insane Woman (T. Géricault)

One of several portraits Gericault made of the mentally disabled

that has a peculiar hypnotic power.

ROMANTIC PAINTING (Landscape Painting)

features such as mountains, valleys, veggetation, and bodies of water. The sky is

Landscape painting depicts the physical world that surrounds us and includes

another important element shaping the mood of landscape paintings. Landscape

dt tanges from highly detailed and realistic to impressionistic, romantic, and

idealized.

Famous landscape artists during the Romantic Period:

1. Théodore Rousseau

2. Jean-Baptiste-Camille Corot

They were members of the Barbizon School (a circle of artists who held

meetings in the village of Barbizon) that led the Romantic landscape painting

in France.

The Church of Marissel, near Beauvais

0.Corot)

Image from Louvre Museum

Der kleine Fischer

( T.Rousseau)
man frr

Le repos sous les saules

U. Corot)

Landscape with a Plowman

(T. Rousseau)

François Rude (1784-1855) France

François Rude was best known for his social art which

aimed to inspire and capture the interest of a broad

public. He rejected the classical repose of the late 18th-

and early 19th-century French sculpture in favour of a

dvnamic, emotional style and ereated many monuments

that stirred the public for generations.

Famous Artworks:

Departure of the Volunteers (f. Rude)

Known as La Marseillaise, this work portrays the goddess liber

urging the forces of the French Revolution onward.

JEANNE d'ARC (f. Rude)

Antoine-Louis Barye (1796-1875) France

He was the most famous animal sculptor of all time

He studied the anatomy of his subjects by sketching

residents of the Paris zoo.

Famous works:

1. Hercules Sitting on a Bull

2. Theseus Slaying the Minotaur

Gothic Revival Architecture (Neogothic)

Cothic Revival, also referred to as Victorian Gothic or Neo-Gothic, is an

architectural movement that began in the late 1740os in England.

Many of Neogothic buildings feature castellation in which the walls and

towers are crenellated in imitation of medieval castles. Indeed, heavily castellated

Neogothic buildings have been often referred

to as "castles," even though they never served

as a defensive structure. Among them was

Strawberry Hill (demolished and restored),

the most famous work of the decorative phase

of the Gothic Revival.

Gothic Revival became widely used for

churches and civic buildings throughout the

West, especially in Britain and the United

States. Bricks and stones were both commonly

used.

Strawberry Hill, london (Restored)

Architects who used Neogothic Style:

1. Charles Barry was the name behind Britain's foremost Gothic Revival

monumnent, the Westminster Palace (a.k.a. the Houses of Parliament).

2. James Renwick

Renwick's crowning American work: the St. Patrick's Cathedral (New York).

Westminster Palace (London)

St. Patrick's Cathedral(Manhattan)

NEO-CLASSICISM and ROMANTICISM in the Philippines

Here in the Philippines, the ideology of Neoclassicism and Romanticism can be

through various major artworks such as paintings, sculptures and archi.

tectural structures, Some of the well-known contributing artists express their

skills and ideas in their own respective field of specialization.

Félix Resurrección Hidalgo y Padilla (1855-1913)

Felix Hidalgo was one of the great Filipino painters

of the late 19th century who was significant in the

Philippine history for inspiring members of the

Philippine reform movement.

The painting portrays two scantily clothed

Christian female slaves being mocked by a group

of boorish Roman male onlookers.

Juan Luna y Novicio (1857-1899)

Juan Luna was a painter and sculptor, who be-

came one of the first recognized Philippine artists.

He was also a political activist of the Philippine

Revolution during the late 19th century.

One of his famous artwork was the Spoliarium,

a Latin word referring to the basement of the

Roman Colosseum wherein the fallen and dying

gladiators were dumped and devoid of their worldly

possessions. The painting features a glimpse of

Roman history centered on the bloody carnage

brought by gladiatorial matches.

THE CHRISTIAN VIRGINS BE-

ING EXPOSED TO THE POPU-

LACE (F. Hidalgo)

SPOLIARIUM (J. Luna)

The subject of Luna's Spoliarium can be interpreted as an allegory of lmperial

Rome corresponding to Imperial Spain. The image of the Romans dragging the

dead gladiators symbolizes the colonial oppression of the indigenous populations

Fernando Cueto Amorsolo (1892-1972)

Amorsolo was a National Artist in

Painting He was a portraitist and painter

of rural Philippine landscapes, and he was

popularly known for his craftsmanship

and mastery of the use of light.

Guillermo Estrella Tolentino (1890-1976)

Tolentino is a Filipino sculptor who was

named National Artist for the Visual Arts

in 1973. and is hailed as the "Father of

Philippine Arts."

Famous Artworks:

PLANTING RICE WITH MAYON VOLCANO

(F. Armorsolo)

METROPOUTAN MUSEUM OF MANILA

1. The Original Oblation at the 3rd floor of the Main Library of U.P. Diliman

(wuw.wikipedia.org/wiki/Oblation_(University_of

the_Philippines)

2. Pambansang Bantayog ni Andres Bonifacio (g. tolentino)

OBLATION (University of the PAMBANSANG BANTAYOG NI ANDRES BONIFACIO

Philippines) (G. Tolentino)

(G. Tolentino)

Napoleón Isabelo Veloso Abueva

Abueva is a National artist for S Seulpture. He was entitled as the "Father of Modern

Phlippine Sculpture." He has been the only Boholano to be given the distinction

of National Artist of the Philippines in the field of Visual Arts.

Famous Artwork:

SIYAM NA DIWATA NG SINING (N. Abueva)

Image source: Ramon .Velasquez

There is an artice on the internet by R.G. Chan & Associates that discusses

some of the Neoclassical and Romantic Architecture during the American col-

onization in the Philippines. Shown below are the pictures of some buildings

built that time.

Bureau of Science and Insular

Laboratory

Iloilo Customs House

Sorsogon Municipal Building

Paco Train Station

Cebu Normal School

Zamboanga Normal School

Baguio Government Center

Bontoc Catholic Church

Laguna Provincial Capitol

Negros Occidental Provincial

Capitol

Corregidor Island

Elks Club

San Fernando Provincial

Hospita

American High Commission

Mansion

Laoag Normal School

Executive House

Manila Post Office

University of the Philippines

Manila

Pe

Readings: Why Festivals?

Eestival dances are cultural dances performned to the strong beats of perue

instruments by a community of people sharing the same culture usualy don

in honor of a Patron Saint or in thanksgiving of a bountiful harvest. Festint

dances may be religious or secular in nature. But the best thing about fextil

is that they add to the merry making and festivities where they are celebrtd
the reason why they are called festival dances after all. Festival danees A

the people's culture by portraying the people's ways of life through movements

costumes and implements inherent to their place of origin,

Some of the famous festivals in the country include Sinulog of Cebu, Dinagane

of lloilo, Ati-atihan of Kalibo, Aklan, Buyogan and Lingayan of Leyte, Bangus

of Dagupan, Tnalak of South Cotabato, Masskara of Bacolod City, Bambanti

of Isabela, and Kadayawan of Davao. Many others, especially from Lauzon, are

now paving their way to join the country's festival of festivals, the Aliwan Fieta

which is done in the month of April. Filipinos do festivals primarily to celebrate.

There are a multitude of reasons for this reason. We celebrate our unity amidst

the diversity of cultures and we celebrate our industry bringing about a boun-

tiful harvest. Festivals have been a consistent crowd-producing activity leading

to upliftment of a community's economy due to its tourism and entertainment

value. Basically, festivals are a form of entertainment that attract foreign and

domestic tourists to visit a place eventually leading to the elevation of the Fili-

pino's quality of life.

Whatever festival we celebrate, be it done to honora religious icon or celebrate

our industry. Festival dances are a reflection of the unity of the Filipino com-

munity that despite the economic, social, environmental, cultural and political

challenges we face every day, there can be no other race more resilient than ours.

Religious and Secular Festivals

As mentioned earlier, festivals may either be religious, in honor of a certain reli-

gious icon or secular or non-religious, in thanksgiving or celebration of peoples

industry and bountiful harvest. The following are some of the said festivals:
Sangyaw Festival

Tacloban City

Sto. Niño

July

Pattarradday

Santiago City

Señior San Tiago

May

Pintados de Pasi

Passi City, Iloilo

Sto. Niño

March

Kinabayo Festival

Dapitan City

James the Great

Longganisa Festival

July

Viga City,

locos Sur

Saint Paul

Higantes Festival

Angono, Rizal

January

Saint Clement
Peñiafrancia

November

Bicol

Virgin Mary

Ati-atihan

festival

Kalibo, Aklan

September

Dinagyang Festival

Sto. Niño

Iloilo City

January

Sinulog

Festival

Sto. Niño

Cebu City

January

Sto. Niño

January

Name of Festival

Place of Origin

RELIGIOUS FESTIVALS

Honoured

Religious Figure
Celebrated

Month

Name of Festival

Banqus Festival

Bambanti Festival

Mammangui Festival

Mango Festival

Panagbenga Festival

lbon Ebon Festival

Masskara

T'nalak

Ammungan Festival

Binatbatan Festival

SECULAR/ NON- RELIGIOUS FESTIVALS

Place of Origin

Dagupan, Pangasinan

Isabela

City of ligan

Iba, Zambales

Baguio City

Pampanga

Bacolod City

South Cotabato

Nueva Vizcaya
Vigan, llocos Sur

Industry

Milkfish Industry

Scarecrow

(farming)

Corn Industry

Mango Industry

Flower Industry

Migratory Birds Egg

Industry

Mask

(Sugar Industry)

Tinalak Cloth Weaving

Gathering of Tribal

Industries

Weaving Industry

Month

Celebrated

April to May

January

May

April

February

February
October

July

May

May

First Aid l is an immediate and temporary care given to a person who suddenly

gets ill or injured. It includes self-help and home care if medical assistance is

not available oT delayed. It can mean the difference between life and death in

Pxtreme cases. However, we must know the limits of the first aid we can give be-

cause improper hrst aid can actually do more harm than good in some instances.

Anyone who gives first aid is a first aider.

Roles of First Aid

1. It is a bridge that fills the gap between the victim and the physician.

2. It is not intended to compete with or to take the place of the services of

the physician.

3. It ends when the services of the physician begins.

Objectives of First Aid

1. To save lives

2. To prolong life

3. To alleviate suffering

4. To prevent further injury

Characteristics of a Good First Aider

L. Gentle-does not cause pain and panic

2. Observant-notices all signs

3. Resourceful-makes the best use of things at hand

4. Tactful- does not frighten the victim

5. Sympathetic- comforts and reassures the victim

Principlesof First Aid

(Dos in Giving First Aid)

1. DO stay calm.

2. DO reassure and comfort the

victim.

3. DO check for a medical brace-

let indicating a condition, such

as epilepsy or diabetes.

4. DO loosen any tight clothing.

5. DO keep the victim covered to

reduce shock

(Don'ts in Giving First Aid)

1. DONT give food and drink to an

unconscious person.

2. DONT move an injured person

unless you need to place him/her

in the recovery position.

1.Is anyone in

Danger

2. Move to the

quietest victim

3.Open the airway

4.Check for breathing

5.Look for signs of

circulation

ta Cardiopulmonary resuscitation

(CPR)

1 Dressing

2. COLD COMPRESS

3 Cold Pad

4 Bandages

5 Wound

6 BurN

7 Sprains

& Strains

9 Fracture

10.dislocation

A. a sterile cloth used to cover wounds

B. used to reduce swelling

C. can be used as cold compress

D. used to apply pressure to stop bleeding

E. the end of the bone is displaced

F. a broken bone

G. ligaments are torn

H. muscles are overstretched

L caused by heat
J. a cut in the skin

1 Puncture is a piercing wound caused by nails, needles and other pointed

objects

2. Abrasion is caused by rubbing or scraping the skin against a rough surface.

2. Incision is a cut caused by knife, broken glass or any sharp object.

4. Laceration is a blunt breaking or tearing of soft tissues usually resulting

from mishandling tools and other accidents.

5. Avulsion is a forcible tearing or partial tearing away of tissues.

FRACTURE Is a break or crack in a bone. An open

fracture pierces the skin surface while in a closed

fracture, the skin above is intact

First aid:

1 Check vital signs

2. Do not move the injured part.

3. Stop bleeding if there is any.

4. If yOu have to move the person, immobilize the

broken part by splinting.

5. Seek rmedical help immediately.

DISLOCATION is a partial or complete displacement of

the bones.

First Aid:

1. Call for help immediately.

2. Splint the affected part.

3. Do not try to move a disiocated part or force it back

into place.

4. Apply ice on the injured part to reduce swelling.