Date :

Uoit 3- Lasere and Fbey Opics

*Lo6ey
C Light Pmplfffcatfcn by 6kmolated Eniesien cf Roafatfon

Loser beom is highg mutchycafc

The enevggdereity
Losey beom doe6 nct in Space.
Lasey beom s cohrnt

hy E2-E)
Cerelder a ayptem eyre9ented by huo ere laes EiGrndstot
20
Cextted stote)
() Dr eqflibfom, gtons ye pyeserl in Hhe slote. Let his ouenbey be N
) E
grond
extiglYadfaforn of n he 5yete, Hen it wî.
absvbed he ots in e etate E ond h ey will be erdhed to shate E
G65 enie proees Gon be exresSed q6%
prcbabily of conee of his prceAe i6t

where Br2 S9 Efretein Cceffcsent

of EI nd Ea.
fert absosphon and depends en ihe propesfes
 Dote :

Therefoye, otol mb of obocrplicr6 in Hne t -oee rei

CNaba B2(1NAt ..0)

Spentanecus Emmioaicni

lenge ime due to ahrt ife pan of excited lewes

G Herxe, eded atenmg oll make danord Itorsi on to shate
9 photn cf energy E-ED. THie prccesa Eiby
sit does ct deperd cn te exhngl adfakfen and ccs cn its tun
 o e Bai)N2
at CHeremtas)
A+2hy Ak’
6:epress beconprrcces8
The
ato of Hon ronsidonod he
atimulates phctuo estenal emYin as Skmolo
ted as
colked ie
rcess Thie O)
otate grun diEER
to ond Hen locse to
aate exáted the rsent
în atoms hegers by phcht
cf n Eteal )
Erniefco SHmvloted
atkfme ernssfon
fn SpntoneA cf nco Totol
Ccefffcfent Efretein A21= N2, A2l,erms,= (Pa)bp
PctN2Caidspsem
atiliy
A+hr At’
represented
8 beConprocess The
E
E2
Date:
 Coesficient. .
helaicn hehween Enshin rorbihns e eqal to Hhe
upurd
equilibvivm,tohal oumbeY cf
H
of downwod taoneilfcoe
emiesicrs
Necf obecrpHona Neeof
B218()N2At
Bu K NAt Ay NAt+

BHS f abev e
Bi2N2,
Daiaing
821
Bi2

Bil NI B21
N2 Bi2.

G) As p2y Masell- Bczmann dfsribolfcog

Ne KT

kT-Balezl
3 Pr ea5 fibrium cordihccs, System msk emi He oodfaon od mer be
Cneistent th he Ploncka bock trdy odfafcns
TBeefres ae per Plarcke teny cf biack body rdiaioni

G)By eqaling auatin í) nd ),

Bi2
B2)= B2: A 3
8ThY3
 Date :

oRoulafon imersicn ie he non-eqiibim shres chere number of akore in He

excíted Sate fs Hban Hhe number of atom6 în the Jrund stote.

Eg> Ei
E Ng >Ni

Meastdble Gratei
Exdted aton Con not ce ime Rn excíted energy
Shy
becase of the sbert Rfe Spon of exited leNels.
The ypicol Hme Spon foy chich ahros Shay fn Hhe excíted sate lo9 to
0-12 9econdSe
G)Ghet iffe spon of excíted lees make populakn Snveein impcesible ond in hzn

6) Hence, to sove mía íae, Sprem cootafníng metas table eneg level is sed.

Mehstable energg stotes qxe excid eney

qtonns on Spend Kme eqol to lo3 to lo- seconds in m metaGtoble 5kate

Mechonisni
Tumping
Wis he prccese by whích energy i cnfnwsly aupplied k he atums in He
grcund she, Bo tot opulaRon fversicn fs achieed
m)Thee re hoo Con be hfevede

ophual fomgirg
Elecnical 2umping
fo citafion.
b his mechoniemn
igh enegY cf euítable Frequency ie sed
brcodnfe ft sheuld
In crder o ve hie melhod, he achve mediom muat be leves, Thevefores híe
have boYad bande oF enerqies inehecd F idivfdoat enevqy
when medim ie in 60lfd sBatee
 Date

( Electrical Tupigi
Tbis mechonism e used ferr He achve medium in euS Sate Herce
excítakn cf atcrna in the eystem ie achieved aíng eAecricihye
ive medium mat be condocMe nd ehuld cntain individal
Hfgh lectric Fiel excíte8 atr to He ecited Ievela ad popclatfn ioveet eneg
fs ach fey ed
He-Ne laee, Coa lae e

Optfcal Caityopkcal Bescroltr

bauce.

Los beam

fhzfecity Pfe medfum

porfaly trranenting medíum
Pcfe mecdfum is poced fo behoeen to mfrs Out of huo mrYYe cne
mis
ord te cthex fa panhally eFlecing and ons
G eto the perfechy reflecing mivvot, amplsefcatfn of sial faportialty
chfeved
Hrrcwgh Feed bock mechorfeme
G) Firallys laeer beorn îa deploged osing porHaliy traremitfing mintoe
Kghny coherent monochmomaic. and vofdiecfcnal
 Date :

Schemek

Faot non-roíeachiue ecay

E2

Cutput
aaiakicrn
EN

( lo tTee level scheme, the atema ae ercired to level Eg. Ateme will Hen mmke
transitfcn to metostable etate E by ron-aditafye decay
G5 Topu latfon fnvevefn ie ohfeved behoeen Eg ond El.
state and henceo
i6 requved to
enegy
exfte atms. Therefre, efffciency is lcste
more input

((9) Cotput beom is rduced n pulee

 Date

Laeer (Scifd 6Bae Lose?)

o Pctie Mediumi uby crystale
(el20atco05' e +fon
mOfmeneico8i
6-10 crn with dfanneteY abcut l.6-2 con Sa LAed,
hty rgetals cF length
Mechonfemi
Loft e flash larnp
Cpfcal pumping
Ey

blue
E
elomp

63m
E

'N) Gns in grcund sate uil abarrb te hoo compenente cf white

blue and een and wi be excited to levels Es and Ey veapectivelyo
Here, Gt Ícns are hwe centves and tokfng port in the transl ffene
N) Gt fcos oill make fot nco rodiccNe goneiHcn metos able state Ea
Frem leyes EB ad E4. Hencen cooolfn Soveaion a gchleved behaeen El and E
vi) Laser atput cf ovelengh 649,3nm Ss cpkmnat frem the ronaitfen cf lns r
E2 o EI

ne eoncm•ca
Cersuchn and cnting is símplee
6fnce the acve
Leastage of materíal.
medfum î6 in S1fd otaten HeYe fe no
 Date :

Cptical cavily is omat) and herxe, outpot la tess

LoseY cutput is nct cen incua but fn he forn of pulbes

tyngl Xe lamp
y Laset beon

He-Ne Loeey Gs Lase

fue MedAfum
He-Ne fo he yako of \0& at low presSUYe
îTumping Mechanfsm&
Elecsicol pnging
E6

He-Ne
Confsftr 6286%m

ronaiicn
E

He Ne