AGRIKULTURA - ng agrikultura ay ang paglinang at pagpaparami ng mga hayop, halaman at

halamang-singaw para gawing pagkain, hibla, panggatong, gamot at iba pang mga produkto para
gamitin sa pagpapanatili at mapabuti ang buhay ng mga tao.[1] Naging susi ang agrikultura sa
pagsulong ng kabihasnan na nagdolot sa pamumuhay na nakahimpil lamang o sedentary.
Nangyari ang ganoong uri ng pamumuhay dahil ang pagpapaamo o pagdomestikado ng mga
espesye ay nakalikha ng mga kalabisan sa pagkain. Tinatawag na agham pang-agrikultura ang
pag-aaral agrikultura. Nasa libong taon ang kasaysayan ng agrikultura at ang pag-unlad nito ay
lubhang pinapatakbo at binibigay kahulugan ng iba't ibang mga klima, kalinangan, at
teknolohiya. Namamayani bilang kaparaanang pang-agrikultura ang agrikulturang pang-
industriya na nakabatay sa malawakang monokulturang pagsasaka.

BOLOGNA ACCORD - The Bologna Accord, a sweeping educational reform planned for full
implementation by 2010, is already influencing the European graduate management market,
creating new degree distinctions, new potential applicants for graduate management programs,
more options for students, and a new market for graduate management programs throughout
Europe. But U.S. business schools need to be aware of and prepared for the reforms, as well,
because soon the results will affect their applicant pools. How? Why? What is the Bologna
Accord? Graduate Management News has the story.

DEPARTMENT ORDER 10 NG DOLE – Revocation of Department Order No. 10 . -

Department Order No. 10, Series of 1997, otherwise known as the rules implementing Article
106 to 109 of Book III of the Labor Code, is hereby revoked effective immediately.

DEPARTMENT ORDER 18-02 NG DOLE - Guiding principles. - Contracting and

subcontracting arrangements are expressly allowed by law and are subject to regulation for the
promotion of employment and the observance of the rights of workers to just and humane
conditions of work, security of tenure, self-organization, and collective bargaining. Labor-only
contracting as defined herein shall be prohibited.

EMPLOYMENT PILLAR – Ang employment pillar ay ang haliging naglalayong protektahan

ang karapatan ng mga manggagawa laban sa mapang-abusong sistema ng paggawa. Nakapaloob
dito ang mga batas at iba pang alituntunin na ang pangunahing layunin ay ibigay sa mga
manggagawa kung ano ang nararapat para sa kanila. Sinasabi dito na may mga ahensya ang
gobyerno na maaaring lapitan anumang oras tungkol sa anumang issue ng may kinalaman sa
paggawa.

FAIR TRADE – Fair trade is an institutional arrangement designed to help producers in

developing countries achieve better trading conditions. Members of the fair trade movement
advocate the payment of higher prices to exporters, as well as improved social and
environmental standards.

FLOW – The word flow has many shades of meaning but most involve the steady movement of
something.
GLOBALISASYON – Ang globalisasyon ay ang kaparaanan kung paano nagiging global o
pangbuong mundo ang mga lokal o pampook o kaya pambansang mga gawi o paraan. Sa
madaling salita, ginagawang magkakasama sa buong daigdig. Tungkol ito sa ekonomiya at
kalakalan, teknolohiya, politika, at kalinangan o kultura.[1] Magkakaiba ang pananaw at
damdamin ng mga tao ukol sa globalisasyon: may mga nag-iisip na nakakatulong ito sa lahat ng
mga tao, habang may mga nag-iisip na nakapipinsala ito sa ilang mga tao.

GUARDED GLOBALIZATION – Ang guarded globalization ay tumutukoy sa pagkakaroon

ng interbesyon ng pamahalaan upang pangalagaan ang mga lokal na negosyo laban sa epekto ng
globalisasyon mula sa mga malalaking negosyante sa ibang bansa. Sa pamamagitan ng guarded
globalization na ito, nabibigyan ng proteksyon ng pamahalaan o gobyerno ang mga negosyo ng
mga mamamayan sa bansang Pilipinas.

INDUSTRIYA – Sa larangan ng ekonomiya, ang iba't ibang uri ng pagmamanupaktura at mga

serbisyo ay pinaghihiwala-hiwalay sa mga pangkat na tinatawag na mga industriya.[1] Ang
industriya ay ang produksiyon ng isang kalakal na pangkabuhayan o paglilingkod na nasa loob
ng isang ekonomiya.[2] Maraming mga uri ng iba't ibang mga industriya, katulad ng pagmimina,
pagsasaka, at pagtotroso.

IRREGULAR MIGRANTS – Irregular migration is intertwined with the smuggling of

migrants, which is defined as the act of enabling the irregular entry of another person for
financial or material gain (UNODC, 2017)

ISKEMANG SUBCONTRACTING – Ang iskemang sub-contracting ay gawi kung saan ang

pangunahing kontratista ay nag-upa ng karagdagang mga indibidwal o kumpanya na tinatawag
na mga subcontractor upang matulungan makumpleto ang isang proyekto. Ang pangunahing
kontratista ay namamahala at dapat pangasiwaan ang mga hires upang matiyak na ang proyekto
ay naisakatuparan at nakumpleto ayon sa tinukoy sa kontrata.

INVESTMENT INCENTIVE ACT OF 1967 – Investment Incentives Act of 1967 aims to

encourage Filipino and foreign investments to develop agricultural, mining and manufacturing
industries which increase national income most at the least cost, increase exports, bring about
greater economic stability, provide more opportunities for employment, raise the standards of
living of the people, and provide for an equitable distribution of wealth.

Job Contracting – “In contrast, labor-only contracting, a prohibited act, is an arrangement where
the contractor or subcontractor merely recruits, supplies or places workers to perform a job, work
or service for a principal.

LABOR ONLY CONTRACTING – Labor-only contracting and labor-plus contracting are

both forms of contractualization. In both forms, two employers are involved, the genuine
employer and the fictitious employer. In labor-only contracting, the genuine employer enters
into a service contract with a labor contractor to hire employees or laborers in such a number as
his business or workplace may need. This kind of labor contractor has no sufficient capital to
maintain his own work force or work equipment to be used by the employees and laborers he
hires and deploys to work with the genuine employer. He only provides labor that is the reason
for the term “labor-only” contracting.

MIGRASYON – ang migrasyon ang paglipat ng isang tao patungo sa isang lugar di kaya para
humanap ng mga kalakal.

MIGRATION TRANSITION – The Zelinsky Model of Migration Transition, also known as

the Migration Transition Model, claims that the type of migration that occurs within a country
depends on how developed it is or what type of society it is. A connection is drawn from
migration to the stages of within the Demographic Transition Model.

MULTINATIONAL CORPORATION – A multinational corporation (MNC) or worldwide

enterprise is a corporate organization that owns or controls production of goods or services in at
least one country other than its home country.

MURA AT FLEXIBLE LABOR – Ang mura at flexible labor ay isang kalagayan sa merkado
na kung saan mayroong karapatan ang mga kompanya na pagpako ng presyo ng suweldo (mura)
ng mga manggagawa, at magtanggal kung kinakailangan.

NEARSHORING – the practice of transferring a business operation to a nearby country,

especially in preference to a more distant one.

OFFSHORING – Offshoring is the relocation of a business process from one country to another
—typically an operational process, such as manufacturing, or supporting processes, such as
accounting. Typically this refers to a company business, although state governments may also
employ offshoring.

OMNIBUS INVESTMENT ACT OF 1987 – The Omnibus Investments Code of 1987

(Executive Order No. 226, as amended), which is implemented by the Philippine Board of
Investments (the "BOI"), provides a comprehensive set of incentives for local and foreign
enterprises engaged in activities considered by the Philippine government as high priority for
national development.

ONSHORING – the practice of transferring a business operation that was moved overseas back
to the country from which it was originally relocated.

OUTSOURCING – Outsourcing is the business practice of hiring a party outside a company to

perform services and create goods that traditionally were performed in-house by the company's
own employees and staff. Outsourcing is a practice usually undertaken by companies as a cost-
cutting measure.

DEVELOPMENT MIGRANTS – The Migrants, Migration, and Development Program

focuses on the intersection of migration and development policies and trends, moving beyond
simple notions that development is a “cure” for migration or that migration is a recipe for
development.
REPUBLIC ACT 5490 – an act making Mariveles, province of Bataan, a port of entry by
amending section seven hundred one of the tariff and customs code of the Philippines, as
amended, providing for the establishment, operation and maintenance of a foreign trade zone
therein; creating a foreign trade zone authority; and authorizing the appropriation of the
necessary funds therefor.

REPUBLIC ACT 6715 – an act to extend protection to labor, strengthen the constitutional
rights of workers to self-organization, collective bargaining and peaceful concerted activities,
foster industrial peace and harmony, promote the preferential use of voluntary modes of settling
labor disputes, and reorganize the national labor relations commission, amending for these
purposes certain provisions of presidential decree no. 442, as amended, otherwise known as the
labor code of the Philippines, appropriating funds therefor, and for other purposes

SERBISYO – Ito ay ang paglilingkod marahil ay libre o mayroong bayad depende sa usapan ng
dalawang partido – ang kliente at ang manggagawa. Ang manggagawa ang naghahatid ng
serbisyo. Kadalasang ito ay may bayad, at depende sa uri ng serbisyo, lawak ng kaalaman ng
manggagawa, pati na ang mga karanasan nito. Kadalasan ay mano-mano ang paghahatid ng mga
serbisyo, pero mayroon ding mga serbisyong automatiko at ginagamitan pa nga ng mga
makinarya.

SOCIAL DIALOGUE PILLAR – Ang social dialogue pillar ay isa sa apat ng haligi ng isang
disente at marangal na paggawa para sa mga manggagawa at kadalasan itong tumatalakay sa
usapin ng collective bargaining. Ito ay kasama sa Philippine Labor Employment Plan (PLEP) ng
Department of Labor and Employment (DOLE). Ilan pa sa mga haligi ng PLEP ay ang (1)
employment pillar, (2) workers’ rights pillar, at (3) social protection pillar.

STOCK – The stock of a corporation is all of the shares into which ownership of the corporation
is divided. In American English, the shares are commonly known as "stocks". A single share of
the stock represents fractional ownership of the corporation in proportion to the total number of
shares.

TEMPORARY MIGRANTS – Mga taong hindi permanenteng naninirahan sa isang lugar.

Kumbaga sila'y palipat-lipat ng tinitirahan dahil sa mga suliranin o isyung pang personal o
panlipunan na nakakaapekto sa kanilang pamumuhay.

TRANSNATIONAL CORPORATION – A transnational corporation (TNC) is a huge

company that does business in several countries. Many TNCs are much richer than entire
countries in the less developed world. Such companies can provide work and enrich a country's
economy - or some say they can exploit the workers with low pay and destroy the environment.

UNDEREMPLOYMENT – Underemployment refers to people who are working in a lower

capacity than they are qualified for, including in a lower-paid job or for fewer hours than they
would like to work.
UNEMPLOYMENT – Unemployment is a term referring to individuals who are employable
and seeking a job but are unable to find a job. Furthermore, it is those people in the workforce or
pool of people who are available for work that does not have a job.

WORKERS RIGHT’S PILLAR – Ang workers right pillar Naglalayong palakasin at siguruhin
ang paglikha ngmga batas para sa paggawa at matapat napagpapatupad ng mga karapatan ng
mgamanggagawa.

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