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Practical - 5: Finding The Characteristic Equation For First Order PDE and Solving Them
Practical - 5: Finding The Characteristic Equation For First Order PDE and Solving Them
Characteristic Curves
y
10
5 y=x
y=2x
x
-4 -2 2 4 y=3x
-5
-10
2 NIDHI P5.nb
10
5 u=x
u=2x
x
-4 -2 2 4 u=3x
-5
-10
I n [ ] : = Plot3D[{x, 2 x, 3 x}, {x, - 4, 4}, {u, - 4, 4}, PlotLegends {"y=x", "y=2x", "y=3x"},
Axes True, AxesLabel {"x", "u", "y"}, PlotLabel "Characteristic Curves"]
O u t [ ] =
y=x
y=2x
y=3x
NIDHI P5.nb 3
I n [ ] : = ParametricPlot3D[{{t, t, u}, {t, 2 t, u}, {t, 3 t, u}}, {t, - 5, 5}, {u, - 4, 4}]
O u t [ ] =
I n [ ] : = ParametricPlot3D[{{t, y, t}, {t, y, 2 t}, {t, y, 3 t}}, {t, - 5, 5}, {y, - 4, 4}]
O u t [ ] =
∂u ∂u
Example 3 Find the characteristic curves of the equation x 2 + y = (x + y) u and plot
∂x ∂y
them.
4 NIDHI P5.nb
dx du dy
Solution - The characteristic equations are = = .
x2 (x+y) u y2
Using (i) = (ii) and integrating, we have,
(y - x)
ϕ= = C1, is the first integral.
xy
Using (i) = (iii) and integrating, we have,
u
ψ= = C2, is the second integral.
x-y
Solution:
Characteristic Curves
y
0.5
y -x
x =1
xy
-3 -2 -1 1 2 3
y -x
=2
xy
-0.5
y -x
=3
xy
-1.0
-1.5
NIDHI P5.nb 5
u
=1
x -y
u
=2
x -y
u
=3
x -y