COLLECTION AND

DISTRIBUTION OF WATER

Examples

Eyosias B.
1
Example 1(Power and Pump Efficiency)

Population of a city is 120,000 and

Rate of water supply per head per day is 200 liters.
Calculate the Brake Horsepower(BHP) of motor to raise the water to an
overhead tank 50 m high.
Length and diameter of the rising main is 200m and 40cm, respectively.
Assume motor efficiency 90 % and the of the pump 60 %.
Take f = 0.01 and peak hourly demand as 1.5 times the average
demand.

Eyosias B. 2
Solution
Average demand = population * per capita per day
= 120,000 x 200
= 24 x 106 L/day = 24000 m3/day or (0.28 m3/sec)
• Peak hr demand = 1.5 x 0.28 m3/sec = 0.42 m3/sec
• Specfic Weight of liquid delivered by the pump
=1000 kg/m3 x 10 m/sec2 = 10 KN/m3
• Total static head = 50 m

• H = hs + hf = 50 + 2.85 = 52.85 m , η = 0.9 x 0.6 = 0.54

�∗�∗� 10��/�3 ∗0.42�3/� ∗52.85
��� = = = �����
75∗Ƞ 75∗0.54
Eyosias B. 3
 Example 2
The pump shown in the figure below has a head characteristics that can be expressed by;

H = 100 – 6000Q1.85
Where; H = pump head in meters and
Q = discharge in m3/s.

a. Calculate the head and discharge of the pump.

b. Check the potential for cavitation if the anticipated maximum
vapor pressure and minimum absolute barometric pressure
are 0.40m and 9.70m, respectively. NPSHrequired for the pump
is 3.0 m. Neglect minor head losses.

Eyosias B. 4
Example 2: Solution
üFirst calculate the TOTAL Dynamic HEAD (TDH)
üTDH = Hs + hld+ hls
üHs = 640 – 600 = 40 m

ü After inserting D and L we get

TDH = Hs + hld+ hls = 40+ 7977.8Q1.85 + 89.8Q1.85
=40 +8067.66 Q1.85

ü Since
we have:
100 - 6000 Q1.85 = 40 +8067.66 Q1.85
 Q = 0.0523m3/sec &
Head = 40 +8067.66 *(0.0523)1.85  H = 74.45m
Eyosias B. 5
Example 2: Solution
• Since NPSHR = 3.0 m

NPSHA = Habs – (Hvap + hls + suction lift)

Habs = 9.70 m, Hvap = 0.40 m and

Suction lift = 603m - 600m =3 m

The net positive suction head (NPSH)available should be greater than NPSH
required  NPSHmin

NSPHA = 9.7 – (0.4 + 0.3824 + 3)

= 5.92 > 3  no cavitation

Eyosias B. 6
Example 1: River Intake design

Given the following information

proportion a suitable river intake.
• Daily demand 5000 m3
• Pump capacity: 50 l/s
(working 8 hr/day)
design
Pump Capacity, Number of pumps, and
Effective height of sump to deliver
Daily demand 5000 m3 ?

Eyosias B. 7
Example 1 Solution
• Capacity of each pump daily = Q*t = 50 l/s* working 8 hr)

=8x3600x50/1000=1440 m3

• Number of pumps = 5000/1440 = 3.47  4

• Hourly flow of each pump = 5000/(4x8)=156.24 m3/h

• Take detention time, Td = 20 min

•  capacity = Td x Q = (20/60)x 156.24 = 52.08 m3

Eyosias B. 8
Example 1 Solution

• Effective height of sump = 6.6 +

1.5 = 8.1
• Free board = 0.5
• Total sump height = 8.6 m
• If we use circular sump diameter
= 2.86 m

Eyosias B. 9
Example 1 (Reservoir capacity)

• Design a service reservoir if Qdaymax is 2400 m3. Two pumps are working at
constant rate of 150 m3/hr. Determine for how many hours pumping should be done.
Solution
• Step 1.
����� 2400
Pumping hour = = = = 8 hrs for each pump
(� � ������� ��������) (2 � 150)

Step 2.
• Balancing requirement
• Pumping is done for a total of 16 hrs = 2400 m3
• But demand for 16 hrs is 2400 x 16/24 = 1600 m3
• Excess that needs to be stored = 2400-1600 = 800 m3
Eyosias B. 10
Example 1 (Reservoir capacity)

design considerations :

Equalizing storage (Excess that needs to be stored)+ Emergency reserve

(about 25%) + Fire storage.

25% for Emergency requirement

= 0.25 x 800 = 200 m3

Ignore fire demand = 0

Eyosias B. 11
 Example 1 (Reservoir capacity)

Total reservoir volume = 800m3 +200m3 = 1000 m3 Reservoir capacity

Provide 2 reservoirs of each 500 m3 Capacity (m3) Depth, m

From table take depth of 3.0 m3

<500 2.5 – 3.5
X-sectional area = 500/3.0 = 166.67 m2
500 - 2000 3.0 – 5.0
�2
Area = 166.67 = �
4 2000 - 5000 4.5 – 6.0
Taking circular tank diameter = 14.57 m
> 5000 5.0 – 8.0
Eyosias B. 12
Example 2
A water supply system is proposed to be designed for a small town which
has a maximum daily demand of 515 m3/d. Estimate storage requirement
if pumping is done for 12 hrs only (from 4 to 16). Use the following
demand variation data.

Time (hr) 0-4 4-8 8 - 12 12 - 16 16 - 20 20 - 24

Demand as % of
total daily 6.7 9.2 20.8 28.3 25 10
demand

Eyosias B. 13
Example 2

Eyosias B. 14
Example 2

Eyosias B. 15
 Example 1 (Hydraulic Analysis of DS)

Determine velocity and residual Pressure at the demand

centers.

Eyosias B. 16
Solution: Velocity Calculation

Eyosias B. 17
Solution: Head loss calculation

Eyosias B. 18
Solution: Residual pressure calculation

Eyosias B. 19
 Example (pipe networking)

• Determine the discharge in

each of the pipes using
Hard-Cross Method
use (c= 100)
Solution
Hazen- Williams’s formula,

convert Q in to M3/s)

Eyosias B. 20
First Trial convert Q in to M3/s)

Eyosias B. 21
Second Trial

Eyosias B. 22
Third Trial

Eyosias B. 23
Final Solution

Eyosias B. 24