Professional Documents
Culture Documents
Зенченко 1 курс ЦЗФН 10 группа научная статья 2022
Зенченко 1 курс ЦЗФН 10 группа научная статья 2022
10 групи ЦЗФН
Зенченко А.О
Одеса-2022
СУЧАСНІ ФОРМИ ТОРГІВЛІ В УКРАЇНІ
Метою даної статті є статистичний аналіз форм торгівлі в Україні.Значення торгівлі
для розвитку національного господарства.Розгляд факторів, які позначилися на внутрішній
та зовнішній торгівлі України.
Виклад основного матеріалу статті.Торгівля виникла з появою розподілу праці як
обмін надлишками продуктів і виробів. Обмін спочатку носив натуральний характер; з
появою грошей виникли передумови для встановлення товарно-грошових
відносин.Розрізняють внутрішню (гуртова і роздрібна) міжнародну торгівлю (експорт і
імпорт).
Внутрішня торгівля.В першу чергу, варто акцентувати увагу на тому, що торгівля
пройшла складний процес трансформації в ринкову економіку та зазнала значних витрат:
кількісно зменшилася мережа торговельних підприємств, інфляція і гіперінфляція знецінила
власні обігові кошти, а тривала збитковість підприємств галузі призвела до повної втрати
власних обігових коштів у більшості обласних спілок споживчих товариств України. У
процесі вдосконалення маркетингу, менеджменту й управління фінансами споживчій
кооперації з часом вдалося змінити ситуацію на краще [1].Про це свідчить динаміка оптового
та роздрібного товарообороту України за 2015-2020 роки, наведена на рисунку 1. (* Без
урахування тимчасово окупованої території Автономної Республіки Крим, м. Севастополя та частини
тимчасово окупованих територій у Донецькій та Луганській областях)
Оптовий та роздрібний товарооборот підприємств
оптової та роздрібної торгівлі України за 2015-2020
роки
3000000
2500000
2000000
1500000
1000000
500000
0
2015 2016 2017 2018 2019 2020
2500000.0
2000000.0
Швейцарiя
Францiя
Угорщина
Тайвань, Провінція Китаю
Сполучене Королівство Великої Британії та Північної Ірландії
Сенегал
Росiйська Федерацiя
Північна Македонія
Оман
Нiдерланди
Монако
Малайзiя
Ліхтенштейн
Кувейт
Кіпр
Камбоджа
Iрландiя
Замбія
Еквадор
Грецiя
Гана
Бурунді
Бiлорусь
Афганістан
Австралiя
0% 10% 20% 30% 40% 50% 60% 70% 80% 90% 100%
V. Мінеральнi продукти
10. Товарна структура зовнішньої торгівлі у 2021 році [Електронний ресурс] // Державна
служба статистики України. – 2022. – Режим доступу до ресурсу: www.ukrstat.gov.ua.
Presentation of the main material of the article.Trade arose with the advent of the
division of labor as an exchange of surplus products and products. The exchange was originally
natural; with the advent of money there were prerequisites for the establishment of commodity-
money relations. domestic (wholesale and retail) international trade (exports and imports).
Domestic trade.First of all, it should be noted that trade has undergone a complex process of
transformation into a market economy and has incurred significant costs: the network of trade
enterprises has decreased, inflation and hyperinflation have devalued working capital, and
prolonged losses of enterprises have led to complete loss of working capital. in most regional
unions of consumer societies of Ukraine. In the process of improving marketing, management and
financial management of consumer cooperatives over time managed to change the situation for the
better [1] Excluding the temporarily occupied territories the Autonomous Republic of Crimea,
Sevastopol city and a part temporarily occupied territories in the Donetsk and Luhansk regions.
Wholesale and retail trade turnover of wholesale and retail
enterprises of Ukraine for 2015-2020
3000000
2500000
2000000
1500000
1000000
500000
0
2015 2016 2017 2018 2019 2020
In 2020, domestic trade increased significantly, as shown in Figure 2.Among the key factors
that positively affected the dynamics of domestic trade, we can highlight the stimulation of
consumer demand in terms of increasing wages, recalculation of pensions for working retirees,
indexation of cash It is worth noting that the pension fund has completed the payment of financial
assistance in the amount of UAH 8,000 to FOPs. In 2021, 337,946 Ukrainians managed to submit
applications, and 2.7 billion hryvnias were paid according to the applications [2].
Структура оптового товарообороту підприємств оптової
торгівлі
Structure of the wholesale trade turnover of wholesale
enterprises
3000000.0
2500000.0
2000000.0
It should be noted that in January-April 2021 the dynamics of the retail segment of the
domestic market in all regions of Ukraine was positive, including in 13 regions the figure exceeded
the value of the country as a whole (Fig. 3) [2].
Volume indices of turnover of retail trade
(in comparable prices), %
Kyiv city
Chernihiv
Chernivtsi
Cherkasy
Khmelnytskiy
Kherson
Kharkiv
Ternopil
Sumy
Rivne
Poltava
Odesa
Mykolayiv
Lviv
Luhansk
Kirovohrad
Kyiv
Ivano-Frankivsk
Zaporizhzhya
Zakarpattya
Zhytomyr
Donetsk
Dnipropetrovsk
Volyn
Vinnytsya
0.0 20.0 40.0 60.0 80.0 100.0 120.0 140.0 160.0 180.0 200.0
Both in the world and in Ukraine in retail trade store sales are 90-95%. However, new
methods of off-store sales of goods are used to improve trade services and speed up the movement
of goods from producer to consumer. This is why the world's trade turnover has almost doubled, not
to mention the millions of purchases over the Internet. Their use helps to bring goods closer to the
places of residence, work and rest of people. For trade services to the population outside the store
can be used: retail fixed network; retail mobile network (mobile means of trade); vending machines;
fairs and bazaars; network marketing; retail parcel (postal) trade; e-commerce (online stores).The
choice of out-of-store service depends on local conditions: the number of inhabitants in the village,
the availability and range of trade enterprises, seasonal and climatic conditions and other factors [3].
Foreign trade.Ukraine conducted foreign trade in services with 185 partner countries. The
largest share in the total volume of exports continues to be transport services, imports - public
services, transport services, various business, professional and technical services. Foreign trade at
the present stage is extremely dynamic. This is largely due to the development of specialization and
cooperation of production on an international scale, the abolition of many restrictions on MT, high
rates of development of "new industrial countries". The role of economic reform in Ukraine's
integration into the world economic system. International experience in the transition of the
economy to a new quality shows that economic reforms are almost always carried out in advance,
and then there are changes in the political superstructure.
In Ukraine, as, incidentally, in other states formed after the collapse of the USSR, such a
logic of reform is violated, because, firstly, here at one time economic transformations were not
only underestimated, but also delayed, and secondly, they detached from the political sphere due to
the specifics of the formation of new young states in the former Soviet Union. The successful
development of foreign economic relations should be based primarily on radical changes in the
structure of Ukraine's national economy. However, foreign economic relations are not a passive
element in the evolution of the national economy, they can actively influence its development.
Geographical structure of foreign trade in goods in 2021 (Fig. 4) [4].
90%
80%
70%
60%
50%
40%
30%
20%
10%
0%
Australia Estonia Malawi Singapore
The volume of exports of goods from Ukraine in 2021 amounted to 68.24 billion dollars.
This figure is the highest since 2012. It is noted that last year the export of non-precious metals and
articles thereof amounted to 15.98 billion dollars. (77% more than in 2020); products of plant origin
- 15.55 billion dollars. (30.9% more); mineral products - 8.42 billion dollars. (58% more); fats and
oils of animal or vegetable origin - 7.05 billion dollars. (by 22.6% more); equipment, machinery
and mechanisms - 4.82 billion dollars. (by 7.4% more). At the same time, in 2021 the export of
finished food products increased (3.8 billion dollars, 13.1% more than in 2020), chemical products
and related industries industry ($ 2.76 billion, up 36.7%), wood and wood products ($ 2.01 billion,
up 42.6%) (Fig. 5) [5].
Commodity Pattern of Foreign Trade of Ukraine, 2021
V. Mineral products
Conclusion.During the study it was found that trade is important for the development of the
national economy. It creates new jobs, providing employment to the economically active population
of Ukraine, ranks first in terms of sales and second in terms of the industry's contribution to gross
value added. In addition, the trade sector generates 14.3% of the profits generated by the economy
as a whole. Given the importance of trade for the development of the national economy and the
growing role played by network structures in the trade sphere, the regulation of the functioning of
trade networks is becoming a priority.
1. Bila OG, Bodnaryuk IL Trade branch of consumer cooperation in the context of trends in the
development of retail trade in Ukraine / OG Bila, IL Bodnaryuk // Ukrainian Cooperation.- №2. -
2009: [Electronic resource]. - Access mode:
http://www.ukrcoop-journal.com.ua/2009-2/content.htm
4. Dynamics and structure of foreign trade of Ukraine [Electronic resource] - Resource access
mode: https://ru.osvita.ua.
5. The Ministry of Economy named the main components of Ukrainian exports [Electronic
resource] // "Word and Deed" .. - 2022. - Mode of access to the resource:
https://www.slovoidilo.ua/.
6. Wholesale and retail trade turnover of wholesale and retail trade enterprises of Ukraine for 2015-
2020 [Electronic resource] // Ukrstat.org - publication of documents of the State Statistics Service
of Ukraine. - 2021. - Resource access mode: https://ukrstat.org/.
8. Index of physical volume of retail trade turnover (at comparable prices) [Electronic resource] //
State Statistics Service of Ukraine - Resource access mode: www.ukrstat.gov.ua.
9. Geographical structure of foreign trade in goods in 2021 [Electronic resource] // State Statistics
Service of Ukraine. - 2022. - Resource access mode: www.ukrstat.gov.ua.
10. Commodity structure of foreign trade in 2021 [Electronic resource] // State Statistics Service of
Ukraine. - 2022. - Mode of access to the resource: www.ukrstat.gov.ua.