LITERATURE 3.

KUMINTANG - awit sa pandigma

4. KUNDIMAN – awit ng pag ibig
 It’s literally an “acquaintance with letters” (from
5. DALIT – awit na panrelihiyon
the Latin word littera meaning letter).
6. DIYONA – awit tungkol sa kasal
 A collection of texts or works of art.
7. TALINDAW – awit sa pamamangka/ pagsagwan
 The class of writing in which imaginative 8. MALUWAY- awit sa sama samag paggawa
expressions, aesthetic form, universality of 9. KUTANG KUTANG – awiting panlansangan
ideas, and permanence are characteristic 10. PANANAPATAN – panghaharana sa tagalog
features, as fiction, poetry, and drama; 11. SAMBOTANI- awit sa pagtatagumpay
RIDDLES 6 LITERARY PERIODS
 Made up of one or more measured lines with 1. PRE COLONIAL
rhymes and consist of 4 to 12 syllables 2. NATIONALISTIC/ PROPAGANDA
 Involves reference to one or two images that 3. AMERICAN
symbolize the characteristics of an unknown 4. JAPANESE
object that is to be guessed 5. CONTEMPORARY
Purpose of RIDDLES

1. To entertain.
2. To educate.
3. To excite.
4. To curse, without expressly cursing.
5. To preserve the culture.

SALAWIKAIN - Ang salawikain ay isang patalinhagang

pahayag na ginagamit ng matatanda noong unang
mangaral, magpayo, at ituwid ang mga kabataan sa
tamang landas at kabutihang asal. Karaniwan itong may
sukat at tugma.
SAWIKAIN - Ang sawikain o idyoma ay isang
pagpapahayag na ang kahulugan ay hindi
komposisyunal — sa ibang salita, hindi binubuo ng
tumpak na kahulugan ang mga kanya-kanyang salita na
nabuo. Ito ay di-tuwirang pagbibigay kahulugan at
pagpapakita ng kaisipan at kaugalian ng isang lugar.
KASABIHAN -isang makaluma at maiksing pariralang
nagpapahayag ng ideya na pinaniniwalaan ng
nakararami na tunay o totoo. Madalas na sinasabi ito
Dimensions of Philippine Literary History
upang magbigay ng payo o impormasyon tungkol sa
buhay at karanasan ng tao. GEOGRAPHY- the study of places and the relationships
BULONG – Ang halimbawa nito’y ang sinasabi kapag between people and their environments.
may nadadaang punso sa lalawigan na pinaniniwalaang LANGUAGE- a system of conventional spoken, manual
siyang tinitirahan ng mga duwende o nuno. (signed), or written symbols by which individuals
AWITIN/KANTAHING BAYAN – isang inaawit na express themselves
nagpapahayag ng damdamin, kaugalian,at karanasan
ng mga taong naninirahan sa pook. ETHNICITY- a notion that refers to social entities sharing
1. OYAYI – awiting panghele sa bata real or putative (accepted) ascriptive features like a
2. SOLIRANIN – awit sa paggaod o ”rowong” common origin or cultural-linguistic legacy which
assumedly
command special collective commitment, as well as
their retention and transmission
GENRE – are categories of literature
PROSE- the ordinary language people use in speaking
or writing without metrical regularities. It is
straightforward and is usually in paragraph form.
FABLES- Also fictitious, it deals with animals and
inanimate things who speak and act like people. Its
purpose is to enlighten the minds of children to events
that can mold their ways and attitudes.
ANECDOTE- A product of writer’s imagination and the
main aim is to bring out lessons to the reader. It can be
stories about children and animals. Anecdotes are
spoken rather than written.

POETRY- a piece of writing that usually has figurative SONNET- This is a lyric poem which expresses a feeling
language. It often times uses metrical regularities. It is or an idea. There are two types of sonnet: the Italian
the imaginative expression of emotions, thoughts or and Shakespearean.
narrative.

TYPES OF PROSE ELEGY- This is a lyric poem which expresses feelings of

 Novels grief and melancholy, in which the theme is death
 Short stories
 Plays ODE- It is a poem of noble feeling, expressed with
 Essays dignity with no definite number of syllables or definite
 Biographies number of lines in a stanza.
 News
PSALM- This is a song praising God. It contains a
 Myths, legends and fables
philosophy of life.

COMEDY- It comes from a Greek term “Komos”

TYPES OF POETRY
meaning festivity. This form is usually light and is
1.Narrative Poetry 2. Lyric Poetry written with the purpose of amusing and usually has a
 Epic  Haiku happy ending.
 Metrical Tales  Ode
MELODRAMA- It is usually used in musical plays with
 Metrical Romance  Elegy
the opera. Today, it is related to tragedy. It arouses
 Ballads  Sonnet immediate and intense emotion and is usually sad but
3. Dramatic poetry there is a happy ending for the principal character.
Tells stories like narrative
TRAGEDY- This involves the hero struggling mightily
poetry but in dialogues of
against dynamic forces; he meets death or ruin without
a play, rhymes, repeating
success and satisfaction obtained by the protagonist.
rhythms, and another
poetic elements. FARCE- It is an exaggerated comedy. It seeks to arouse
mirth by laughable lines; situations are too ridiculous to
FORMS OF FICTION
be true; the characters seem to be caricatures and the
motives undignified and absurd.
NOVEL- It is a long narrative divided into chapters. The
events are taken from true to life stories and spans a SOCIAL POEM- It is an exaggerated comedy. It seeks to
long time. There are many characters involved. arouse mirth by laughable lines; situations are too
ridiculous to be true; the characters seem to be
NOVELETTE- It is a long narrative divided into chapters. caricatures and the motives undignified and absurd.
The events are taken from true to life stories and spans
a long time. There are many characters involved. POETRY- writing that is concerned with the beauty of
language

LEGEND- A fictitious narrative usually about origins. DRAMA- writing as a play or script.
PLAY- It is an exaggerated comedy. It seeks to arouse
mirth by laughable lines; situations are too ridiculous to
be true; the characters seem to be caricatures and the
motives undignified and absurd.

ORATION- A formal treatment of a subject and is

intended to be spoken in public. It appeals to the
intellect, to the will or to the emotions of the audience.

SHORT STORY- Brief work of literature, usually written

in narrative prose. IMAGERY- appeals directly to one or more of the five
senses
FICTION SUB- GENRES FOLKLORE SYMBOLISM- is when the author uses an object or
 Science fiction  Legend reference to add deeper meaning to a story.
 Fantasy  Fairytale
 Historical fiction  Myth  Couplet - 2 lines
 Realistic fiction  fable  Tercet - 3 lines
 Quatrain - 4 lines
NON- FICTION SUB GENRES  Cinquain - 5 lines
 Biography  Sestet - 6 lines
 Essays  Septet - 7 lines
 Autobiography  Octave - 8 lines
 Reference books
 Speech ELEMENTS OF FICTION
 News articles
1. CHARACTERS
ELEMENTS IN LITERATURE 2. SETTING
3. POINT OF VIEW
RHYME- it is the identical rhyme if the last words or 4. THEME
sounds match each other. 5. PLOT

1. Alternating Rhyme (ABABA)

2. Ballade (ABABBCBC BCBC)
3. Coupled Rhyme (AABB)
4. Enclosed Rhyme (ABBA)

ALLITERATION- repeating sound of the beginning of

each word.

ASSONANCE- Repetition of vowel sounds.

CONSONANCE- repetition of consonant sound but in

between the word.
DIALOGUE AND NARRATION
METER- it is also called the rhythm in poetry.
DIALOGUE- when characters speak.

NARRATION- when the narrator speaks.

1ST PERSON- Narrator is a part of the story (character).

Often uses I or we.

2ND PERSON- Usually for instructions

Uses “You”; from “your” perspective.

3rd PERSON- Narrator usually isn’t involved.Tells other's

stories. Lots of “He,” “She,” & character names.
 OMNISCIENT- Narrator is all knowing. Narrator
tells thoughts and feelings of more than one
character.
 LIMITED- Narrator is limited to one character.
Tells thoughts & feelings of one character.
 OBJECTIVE- Narrator does not reveal any
character’s thoughts or feelings. Only
character’s dialogue and actions are narrated.

TONE- feeling ( the author has set in the story)

MOOD- feeling or atmosphere (the reader gets when he

is reading the story)

NEW GENRES OF LITERATURE

1. HYPERPOETRY- It is poetry uploaded in the

internet. Its medium is the computer screen.
2. MOBILE TEXTULA - It is a short poetry in a form
of tanaga, that is sent through SMS on mobile
phone. It consists of 4 lines with 7 syllables
using (/)to end a line and (//) to end the stanza.
3. FLASH FICTION – It is telling a story in a few
words, usually about 100-1000 words or less.
4. CHICK LIT - It is a heroine-centered fiction
narrative; usually focus on the trials of the
protagonist
5. BLOG - a regularly updated web page or website
that is written in conversational style