Quarter 1 ● Module 2

Structure and Function of Organelles

Department of Education • Republic of the Philippines

 11
BIOLOGY 1
Quarter 1 ● Module 2
Structure and Function of Organelles

Learner’s Material

English

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General Biology 1 - Grade 11

Learner’s Material
First Edition 2020

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Published by DEPED, Division of Aklan

Secretary: Leonor M. Briones, PhD
Undersecretary: Lorna D. Diño, PhD

Development Team of the Learner’s Material

Author: Raphael Kevin I. Nagal, RN, MAEd

Consultant and Reviewer: Mary Cherry Lynn M. Dalipe, Ed.D.

Graphic Artists: Raphael Kevin I. Nagal, RN, MAEd

Layout Artist: Raphael Kevin I. Nagal, RN, MAEd

 MODULE 2: STRUCTURE AND FUNCTION OF
ORGANELLES

OVERVIEW:
This lesson will help you understand the basic parts and functions of a cell.

LET’S CHECK YOUR KNOWLEDGE!

True or False. Identify whether the following statements is True or False. Write your answers
on the space provided before each number.
_________1. Chromosomes are found on cell membrane of cells.
_________2. Cells may differ in number, shape, and size in every species.
_________3. The mitochondria provide the energy of the cell.
_________4. Plant cells and animal cells are the same.
_________5. The nucleus digests foreign bodies that migrate into the cell.

OBJECTIVES:
In this lesson, you will be able to describe the structure and function of major and subcellular
organelles (Curriculum Guide code: STEM_BIO11/12-Ia-c-2). Specifically, at the end of this module
you should be able to:
• identify the different organelles of plant and animal cells,
• describe the different functions of cell organelles; and,

LET’S DISCOVER THE ANSWERS!

What are cells?
All organisms are made up of cells. Cells are a basic unit of life, sharing many common
mechanisms across different classes of organisms (plants, animals, microorganisms). Between these
classes there are also key differences in cell architecture. Every cell is composed of microscopic parts
called organelles. Organelles are of similar structure and functions but vary from different types of
cells.
Here are the organelles common to both type of cells (animal and plant):
▪ Plasma Membrane: It is the boundary that separates the living cell from its
surrounding. This protects the cell and regulates substances from going in and out.
▪ Nucleus (Eukaryote) & nucleoid (Prokaryote): For eukaryotes, this is a membrane-
bound compartment which contains hereditary instructions such as DNA. In
prokaryotes (such as bacteria), this is a region in the cytoplasm where DNA is
concentrated

Source: https://www.google.com/search?biw=1366&bih=625&tbm=isch&sxsrf=ACYBGNTEE4AIAMdLRmROr_
▪ Cytoplasm: This includes everything except the plasma membrane and the nucleus. It
is the region where materials are synthesized and broken down. This is also where the
different organelles are suspended.
What are the cell organelles and their functions?
Here is the idealized animal cell:

Source: https://www.google.com/search?biw=1366&bih=625&tbm=isch&sxsrf=ACYBGNTVI
lwCw1ZDH7wCpUoHBNarCpstAQ%3A1571695902251&sa=1&ei=Hi2uXf3zDpbZhwPrq7HADg&q=idealized+animal+cell&oq=

The major organelles of an animal cells are as follows:

✓ endoplasmic reticulum - Produces an enormous variety of molecules; Is composed
of smooth and rough ER
o Rough ER - The “roughness” of the rough ER is due to ribosomes that stud
the outside of the ER membrane. Functions include: (a) Producing proteins,
(b) Producing new membrane
o Smooth ER - The smooth ER lacks the surface ribosomes of ER and produces
lipids, including steroids
✓ The Golgi apparatus – works in partnership with the ER; Refines, stores, and
distributes the products of cells. named after Camillo Golgi. It is a system of
flattened, membrane-bound sacs
✓ Lysosomes – a membrane-enclosed sac which contains digestive enzymes. Produced
by the Golgi apparatus. Site of organelle recycling.
✓ Vacuoles - for storage of water & food or for excretion of waste materials
✓ Mitochondria – the powerhouse of the cell. Produces ATP (adenosine triphosphate)
✓ Ribosomes – these creates proteins needed for repairing damage or for chemical
process
✓ Cytoskeleton – gives a cell its shape, offers support, and facilitates movement
✓ Centrioles - help with cell division (mitosis) in animal cells.
 Now, let’s look at an idealized plant cell:

Source: https://www.google.com/search?q=idealized+plant+cell&biw=1366 &bih=625&sxsrf=ACYBGNTY6l8iYlCF3cB-

zNv2dIP3UlKFRA:1571695897366&tbm=

In contrast with animal cells, plant cells typically have a cell wall (which covers the plasma
membrane), and organelles to perform photosynthesis. These photosynthetic structures are the
chloroplasts, central vacuole and the cell wall itself. The chloroplasts are the sites of photosynthetic
reactions. The rest of the organelles of the plant cell has the same function with the animal cells.

LET’S ENHANCE YOUR LEARNING:

Field Trip…
• Go around, examine the entire school.
• Consider that the entire school is a huge cell, and you are inside it.
• Identify the different offices, rooms, units, structures and describe the functions related
to cell organelles.
• Take pictures of these structures, objects or people.
• Tabulate the results.
• Present your output in any audiovisual form (PowerPoint, video, etc.)
 SAMPLE TABLE:
Structures/Offices Organelle that closely resemble Functions

Here is your rubric for scoring:

CATEGORY 1 2
Concept Has brainstormed their
concept but no clear
focus has emerged
Content/ Information is presented
Organization in a disconnected theme
without accurate current
supporting information
that contributes to
understanding the
project’s main idea.
Storyboard/ Presented gross
Script grammatical errors.
Unedited mistakes or
bloopers.
Quality Video and audio quality
are below average. A lot
of unfiltered background
noise camera is not
properly fixed.
3
Has a fairly clear picture Has a clear picture of
of what they are trying what they are trying to
to achieve. achieve.
Information is presented Includes a clear statement
as a connected theme of purpose or theme and
with accurate current is creative, compelling
supporting information and clearly written. A
that contributes to rich variety of supporting
understanding the information in the video
project’s main idea. contributes to the
understanding of the
project.
Presented with few Presentation was well-
grammatical errors. written with few
Unedited mistakes or grammatical errors. No
bloopers. bloopers seen.
Video and audio quality Video and audio quality
are somewhat good. are good. Can be heard
Some noise heard in the and viewed without
background and the annoyance. Free from
camera is shaky. extraneous noise.

A NOTE TO REMEMBER!
All living plants and animals are made up of cells. There are two major categories of cells:
eukaryotic and prokaryotic. Bacteria have prokaryotic cells. Plant and animal cells are eukaryotic. Most
eukaryotic cells have similar organelle structures and functions. Cells can be further classified as diploid
or haploid. Most human cells are diploid while sex cells are haploid.

LET’S MEASURE YOUR LEARNING!

MULTIPLE CHOICE. Encircle the letter of the correct answer
1. In which part of the cells can chromosomes be found?
a. the nucleus c. both the nucleus and the cytoplasm
b. the cytoplasm d. on the cell membrane

2. Which of the following statements is TRUE about cells?

a. The nucleus is within the cell membrane which is surrounded by the nuclear membrane.
b. The mitochondrion is inside the nucleus and the cytoplasm is inside the mitochondrion.
c. The nucleus is within the nuclear membrane which is surrounded by the cytoplasm.
d. The cytoplasm is within the nuclear membrane.
3. Which of the following organelles is CORRECTLY paired with its function?
a. Lysosome – recycles sugar c. Nucleus – powerhouse of the cell
b. Mitochondria – produces ATP d. Vacuoles – ingestion of food

4. Which of the following is present in a plant cell but not in an animal cell?
a. chloroplast b. cytoplasm c. cytoskeleton d. golgi apparatus

5. Digestive enzymes are present in __________

a. Liposomes b. Lysosomes c. Ribosome d. Mitochondria

REFERENCES:
Bayo-Ang, R.B et.al. (2016). Earth & Life Science for Senior High School. Educational
Resources Corp. Quezon, City.
Paris, Peter. (2016) K to 12 Training Slides.
Department of Education Curriculum Guides. (2017, July 21). Earth and Life Science.
Retrieved from: http://www.deped.gov.ph/k-to-12/curriculum-guides/Core-SHS
 METADATA:

Title Structure and Function of Organelles

Language English

Keyword Cellular function, organelles, animal cell, plant cell

Description In this lesson, you will be able to describe the structure and
function of major and subcellular organelles (STEM_BIO11/12-
Ia-c-2).

Primary Media Print/online/offline

Primary Storage USB drive

Resource Location Department of Education

Region VI – Western Visayas
Division of Aklan
District of Libacao
Libacao National Forestry Vocational High School

Author/Developer RAPHAEL KEVIN I. NAGAL, RN, MAEd

Teacher III/ District LRMS Coordinator
Libacao National Forestry Vocational High School

Reviewer/Consultant MARY CHERRY LYNN M. DALIPE, Ed.D.

Education Program Supervisor
Science and Research
 ANSWER KEY

LET’S CHECK YOUR KNOWLEDGE!

1. FALSE
2. TRUE
3. TRUE
4. FALSE
5. FALSE

LET’S MEASURE YOUR LEARNING!

1. C
2. C
3. B
4. A
5. B