Unit 1 Class Work

MICHAEL ATEF 01227670926 7AREEF ENGLIZY THANAWEYA AMMAH
UNIT 1 Part
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1-Vocabulary
Vocabulary 1-Key‫المفردات الرئيسية‬
announce (d) )‫قرار‬/‫ يعلن عن (خبر‬occur (red) (V) ‫يقع‬-‫يحدث‬

(v)
broadsheet(n) ‫صحيفة احترافية‬ piracy(n) ‫القرصنة‬
casualty(n) ‫حالة وفاه‬-‫فقد‬-‫ خساره‬pirated(adj) ‫مسروق‬-‫مقرصن‬
cheat (ed) ‫يغش‬-‫غشاش‬ ruin(ed) (vin) ‫حطام‬-‫يدمر‬
(n/v)
claim (ed) ‫إدعاء‬-‫زعم‬-‫يدعى‬/‫ يزعم‬shock(ed) (v) ‫يفاجئ‬-‫يصدم‬
(v/n)
compensate ‫ يعوض‬shocked(adj) ‫مصدوم‬
(d) (v)
convict(ed) -‫ ُ مدان‬/‫ مذنب‬shock(n) ‫مفاجأة(سارة أو غير‬-‫صدمه‬
(n/v) ‫يدين‬ )‫ذلك‬
demand(ed) ‫أمر‬-‫طلب‬-‫ يطالب‬spin (n) ‫مغالطة‬-‫تلفيق‬
(v/n)
incident(n) ‫حدث‬-‫موقف عارض‬-‫واقعة‬spin- spun (v) ‫يدير صحيفة‬-‫يلف‬
investigate(d) ‫يتحرى عن‬-‫يحقق في‬ tabloid(n) ‫صحيفة إثارة‬/‫شعبية‬
(v)
investigator(n) ‫ُ محق‬ wait with bated ‫ينتظر بفارغ الصبر‬
nosy(adj) ‫)فضولى‬-‫ق متطفل(حشرى‬ breath
2-Important Vocabulary
accurate(adj) ‫ دقيق‬midday(n) ‫ وقت‬-‫منتصف النهار‬

‫الظهيرة‬
analysis(n) ‫ تحليل‬miss(ed) (v) ‫)يفوت‬-‫يفتقد (يستوحش‬
apprenticeship(n) ‫ تدريب مهنى‬nervousness(n) ‫عصبية‬-‫توتر‬
around(adv/prep) ‫حوالى‬/ ‫ حول‬non-native(adj) ‫أجنبي‬
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author(n) ‫ مؤلف‬obtain(ed) (v) ‫ يكتسب‬-‫يحصل على‬
authority(n) ‫ السلطه‬obviously(adv) ‫ بوضوح‬- ‫من الواضح‬
behave(d) (v) ‫يسلك‬-‫يتصرف‬ permission(n) ‫ تصريح‬/ ‫إذن‬
block(ed) (v) ‫يحجب‬-‫يغلق‬/‫يسد‬ publication(n) ‫ عمل مقروء‬- ‫النشر‬
celebrity(n) ‫شخصيه مشهوره‬- publish(ed) (v) ‫ينشر‬
‫الشهره‬
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content(n) ‫محتوى‬ publisher(n) )‫مؤسسه‬/‫ناشر(شخص‬

copyright(n) ‫حق النشر(الملكيه‬ pun(n) ‫التلميح‬/‫التورية‬
‫)الفكريه‬
crime(n) ‫جناية‬-‫جريمه‬ punish(ed) (v) ‫يعاقب‬
criminal(adj/n) ‫مجرم‬-‫إجرامى‬/‫جنائى‬ punishment (n) ‫عقوبه‬-‫عقاب‬
deathly (adj) ‫فتاك‬/‫قاتل‬ refer(red) (v) ‫يشير‬-‫يوجه‬-‫يحيل‬
e-book(n) ‫كتاب الكترونى‬ remove(d) (v) ‫ينزع‬-‫يمحو‬-‫يزيل‬
event (n) ‫حدث –مناسبه‬ require (d) (v) ‫يستلزم‬-‫يتطلب‬
excitement (n) ‫تحمس‬-‫إثاره‬ rescue (d) (v) ‫ينقذ‬
expert (n/adj) ‫خبير‬ rescuer (n) ‫منقذ‬
factual (adj) ‫متعلق‬-‫حقيقى‬ right (n) ‫حق‬
‫بالحقائق‬
financially (adv) )‫ماليا(متعلق بالمال‬ route (n) ‫خط سير‬-‫مسار‬
former (adj) ‫سابق‬ secret (n/adj) ‫سرى‬-‫سر‬
highlight (ed) ‫الجزء‬-‫يظلل‬-‫يبرز‬ security (n) ‫التأمين‬-‫األمن‬
(v/n) ‫األبرز‬
illegal(adj) ‫غير قانونى‬ sensational (adj) ‫عاطفى‬-‫مثير‬
include (d) (v) ‫يضمن‬-‫يتضمن‬/‫يشمل‬ slang (n) ‫اللغه العاميه‬
including (prep) ‫بما في ذلك‬ source (n) ‫مصدر‬
intellectual (n) ‫عقلى‬/‫فكرى‬ spoil- ‫يتلف‬-‫يفسد‬
spoiled/spoilt (v)
journalism (n) ‫الصحافة‬ state (d) (v) ‫يقول‬/‫يذكر‬
journalist (n) ‫صحفى‬ sum (n) ‫كم‬-‫مبلغ‬
knock (ed) (vin) ‫طرقة‬-‫يطرق الباب‬ thankfully (adv) ‫بفضل لال‬-‫لحسن الحظ‬
lecture(d)(v) ‫يحاضر‬-‫محاضره‬ trainee (n) ‫متدرب‬
local(adj) ‫محلى‬ type (d) up (v) ‫ينسخ‬
long waited(adj) ‫طال انتظاره‬ violate (d) (v) ‫يخالف‬-‫ينتهك‬
mention(ed) (v) ‫يذكر‬/‫يقول‬ whole (adj/n) ‫جل‬/‫كل‬-‫كامل‬
Definitions-3 ‫تعريفات‬
announce(d) (v) ‫يعلن‬ to officially ‫ رسميا‬tell people about something,
especially about a plan or a decision
broadsheet(n) ‫صحيفة احترافية‬ a newspaper printed ‫ مطبوعة‬on large sheets of
paper, especially a serious ‫ جاد‬newspaper
cheat (n) ‫غشاش‬ someone who behaves in a dishonest ‫غير أمين‬
way to get something
(claim) (ed ) ‫يدعى‬/‫يزعم‬ to say something is true, although it has not
been proved ‫يثبت‬
compensate(d) (v) ‫يعوض‬ to replace or balance ‫ يوازن‬the effect of
something bad
demand(ed)(v) ‫يأمر‬-‫يطالب‬ to ask for something in a very strict ‫ صارم‬and
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serious way
incident(n) ‫ حدث‬- an event, especially one that is
unusual, important, or violent ‫عنيف‬.
- a formal word meaning 'event'
investigate(d) (v) ‫ يحقق‬to try to find out the truth ‫الحقيقة‬about
something such as a crime, accident, or
scientific problem
occur(red) (v) ‫ يحدث‬to happen or exists in a particular is place or
situation
piracy (n) ‫ القرصنة‬when someone illegally ‫ قانونى غير بشكل‬copies and
sells someone's work
ruin(ed) (v) ‫ يدمر‬to completely spoil something
shocked(adj) ‫ مصدوم‬an extreme adjective ‫قوية صفة‬meaning very
surprised and upset‫منزعج‬
tabloid(n) ‫صحيفة‬ tabloid newspapers have small pages and
‫صحيفة‬/‫ شعبية‬short articles with a lot of pictures and
‫ إثاره‬stories
about famous people, and are often thought of
as less serious than other newspapers
wait with bated ‫ ينتظر بفارغ‬waiting with a lot of nervousness ‫التوتر‬and
breath ‫ الصبر‬excitement
Choose the correct answer from a, b, c or d:
1................The series is very interesting, so the

viewers are waiting until its end.
a. heavy breath b. bated breath c. breathless d. over breathing
2. The most recent major........was an explosion at an oil refinery.
a. occasion b. festival c. organization d. incident
3. People who leak books and join in...are punished for them.
crime.
a. piracy b. pirates c. cheat d. chat
4. At the top of a tabloid news story, there is usually……………...
a. a headline b. Your name c. a photo d. question
5. The police are looking for a/an… who has escaped from prison.
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a. officer b. victim c. Convict d. guard
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6. In the last email from my cousin in India, he that some of India's

roads are the most dangerous in the world!
a. cheated b. Claimed c. demanded d. ruined.
7...Tarek often won running races at school, but we

all knew he was a/an ……. He did not follow the
correct route and did not run as far as other students.
a. cheat b. cheated c. shock d. shocked
8. Tarek often won running races at school, but we all knew he

………….He did not follow the correct route and did not run as far as
other students.
a. cheat b. cheated c. Shock d. shocked
9. The family picnic was when there was a sandstorm and everyone.
had to wait inside.
a. cheated b. Claimed c. demanded d. ruined.
10. Workers at the factorybetter pay and shorter working hours.
a. cheated b. breathed c. demanded d. ruined.
11. I was..........to read that 52% of people in the world are under 30.
years old.
a. announced b. shocked c. occurred d. analyzed.
12. It was a/an ........to read that 52% of people in the world are under
30 years old.
a. announcement b. shock c. occurrence d. analysis
13..................A newspaper has small pages and large photos.
a. broadcast b. poster c. tabloid d. blog
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14. The Prime Minister....that there was a severe penalty against
those who build illegally.
a. announced b. advertised c. refused d. decreased.
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15. What ………to the little child broke our hearts.
a. occurred b. mentioned c. blocked d. demanded.
16. The captain said that a strong wind…the ship so that both its
front and back hit the sides of the canal.
a. stopped b. robbed c. begun d. spun.
17. The police officers are.......the cause of the crime to identify the
criminal.
a. announcing b. hiding c. Refusing.
d. investigating
18. Unfortunately, the collapse of the house has caused
tens of…………. and a lot of injuries.
a. facilities b. abilities c. casualties d. impurities
19. After the accident, the injured people werefinancially. ‫ماليا‬
a. regulated b. compensated c. fined d. freed.

20.................................................... I got tired of this neighbor who does not
respect our privacy.
a. former b. nosy c. long-awaited d. illegal
21. A writer who is against an idea or a plan puts a negative. When
they write about it.
a. broadsheet b. piracy c. spin d. tabloid
22. Honest teachers, parents and students are against…... copies of
educational books that are available online.
a. pirated b. announced c. occurred d. shocked
23. I had to answer all the questions of the..............before I could go

home.
a. eyewitness b. version c. investigator d.

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exaggeration 2 Important vocabulary
24. It is not easy for young writers to… their new books.
a. Write b. appear c. come out d. publish.
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a. write b. appear c. come out d. publish
25. The giant ship had broken down and..............navigation in the Suez
Canal for seven days.
a. allowed b. blocked c. refused d. eased
26. It is a crime to..............copyright law.
a. behave b. investigate c. violate d. prove
27. She was over the moon at her..........wedding party.
28. Taha Hussein's books have been translated into many

languages……English, French and Chinese.
a. including b. containing c. consisting d. taking
29. The World Cup is an important sport………….
a. event b. piracy c. celebrity d. bias
30. What really makes this book series at the top is its
professional educational
a. court b.content c. change d. lecture
31. All students attend the....................of Professor A. Karim.
a.journalism b. lectures c. cliffs d. locations
32. You have the.................to express your opinion.
a .warning b. casualty c. piracy d. right
33. The case will be tried in a..................court. Hany will be the lawyer
for defence.
a. pirated b. criminal c. tennis d. shocked
34. My father is a retired banker. He was a / an...........manager of the

National Bank.
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35. The file was..............to the legal departmental to study it.
a. compensated b. obtained c. referred d. announced
36. The Egyptian..............succeeded in putting an end to building on

farmland.
a. permissions b. incidents c. cheats d. authorities
37. Taking a break is.................to renew your energy.
a. ruined b. required c. highlighted d. investigated
38. At the very beginning of a speech,...........your full name.
a. spoil b. spin c. claim d. state
39. In his speech Mr. Mahmoud............all his team members by their

names.
a. occurred b. mentioned c. blocked d. demanded
40. It is..................to take something that does not belong to you.
41. It is better if the readers can..............e-books at a lower price.
a.a ompensate b. obtain c. refer d. announce
42. I can't take this decision without my father's……………....
a. permission b. incident c. cheat d. authority
43. If someone tells you a/an...............it is not honest to let others know it.
a. pirated b. criminal c. secret d. shocked
3 Definitions
44. A.................is a serious newspaper that is printed on large pieces of

paper.
a. broadsheet b. magazine c. broadcast d. tabloid
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45. To.................is to officially tell people about something, especially

about a plan or a decision.
a. cheat b. claim c. announce d. compensate
46. A/An............is someone who behaves in a dishonest way in order to

get something.
a. incident b. cheat c. court d. piracy
47. To.................is to say something is true, although it has not been

proved.
a. cheat b. claim c. announce d. compensate
48. To.................is to replace or balance the effect of something bad.
a. demand b. claim c. announce d. compensate
49. A/An.............is an event, especially one that is unusual, important, or

violent.
a.incident b. aircraft c .tabloid d. broadsheet
50. To...............is to ask for something in a very strict and serious way.
a. demand b. claim c. announce d. compensate
PART II VOCABULARY
Collocations 1-Verbal ‫متالزمات لفظيه‬

…financially ‫يعوض‬ put …in place ‫يضح…فى‬
compensate
‫……ماليا‬.. ‫المكان الصحيح‬
a better pay ‫يطالب بأجر‬ ...in prison – ‫يحبس – يضع‬
demand ‫أفضل‬ ‫فى السجن‬
a sport ‫يمارس‬ receive punishment ‫يتعرض لعقوبه‬
‫رياضة‬ for ‫بسبب‬
do
an amazing ‫يقوم بعمل‬ warning ‫يتلقى تحذيرات‬
job ‫رائع‬ s from ‫من‬
find a chance for ‫يجد فرصة لـ‬ ruin the surprise ‫يفسد المفاجأه‬
the ‫يأخذ أو يتبع‬ send …by air ‫بالطائرات‬-‫ينقل‬
follow correct ‫المسار‬
route ‫الصحيح‬
have a bigger ‫له تأثير‬ …by ship ‫ينقل –بالسفن‬
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emotional ‫عاطفى أخير‬

effect on ‫على‬
a copy of ‫ لديه نسخه من‬share ...on social ‫على وسائل‬-‫ينشر‬
media ‫التواصل‬
the problem ‫ يبرز المشكله‬show …online ‫على‬-‫يعرض‬
highlight ‫االنترنت‬
a lot of money ‫يكسب الكثير من‬tell the media ‫يخبر وسائل‬
‫المال‬ ‫االعالم‬
make
it clear that ‫ يوضح أن‬violate copyright ‫ينتهك قانون‬
law ‫حقوق النشر‬
the rights to ‫ يملك حقوق‬win running ‫يفوز بمسافات‬
own
races ‫الجرى‬
a large sum of ‫يدفع مبلغ‬
pay
money ‫كثير من المال‬
1.The government will.............those who lost their homes in the

earthquake financially.
a.own b.violate c.compensate d.make
2.One of the ways to.................problems is to discuss them on social

media and talk shows.
a.pay b. highlight c.do d.tell
3. The warning we......................from our teacher made us all work hard.
a.paid b. won c.demanded d. received
4.J. K Rowling.........................the rights to Harry Potter series.
a.owns b. shows c.compensates d. makes
5.I wish I knew who.....................the media about our secret plan.
a.put b.highlighted c.did d.told
6. You have the right to…............your rights, but first carry out your
duties.
a.pay b.send c.demand d. violate
7. It is a crime when the copyright law is…………….
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a.owned b. violated c.compensated d.made
8. The security cameras have already been....................in place.
a. put b.highlighted c.done d. told
9. The emotional effect our family house...............on us is what stops us

from selling it.
a. pays b. has c.demands d. receives
10. A lot of money has been....................by communication businesses.
a. told b. violated c. compensated d. made
Synonyms-2 ‫مترادفات‬
Word Synonym (=Meaning)

casualty(n) ‫حالة وفاة‬ mortality/death
casualty(n) ‫متضرر‬/‫ضحية‬ victim/sufferer
Casualty(n) ‫قسم الطوارئ‬ Emergency
cheat (n) ‫غشاش‬ cheater/ deceiver
compensate for (v) ‫يعوض‬ make up for
demand(ed) (v) ‫يطالب‬ call for/ask for/request
investigate(d) (v) ‫يحقق‬ look into
nosy(adj) ‫فضولى‬-‫متطفل‬ curious /inquisitive
occur(red) (v) ‫يحدث‬ happen/take place
ruin (v) ‫يدمر‬ destroy/wreck
violate(d) (v) ‫يخالف‬ break/disobey
with bated breath ‫بفارغ الصبر‬ in a nervous and excited
state
Antonyms-3 ‫متضادات‬
Word Antonym (=Opposite)
pirated(adj) – ‫ مقرصن‬genuine/legal ‫شرعى‬/‫أصلى‬
‫مسروق‬
ruin (v) ‫ يدمر‬restore/save/build/construct -‫يبنى‬-‫ينفذ‬/‫يستعيد‬
‫يشيد‬
violate (v) ‫ يخالف‬comply with/respect/follow ‫يتبع‬
- Choose the correct answer from a, b, c or d:
1. "I applied for the new job and I am waiting for the answer to
my application with bated breath." This means that I……………….
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a. no longer expect that I will get the new job.
b. am waiting hopelessly to get promoted.
c. am in a nervous and excited state anticipating what will happen.
d. am sure I will get the new job.
2. A successful journalist must be nosy and interested in people.

This means that he/she has to be………….
a.not curious and ambitious b. curious and inquisitive
c.cheerful and forgiving d. unenthusiastically waiting for good
news
3. "The new traffic law aims to reduce road casualties." The

word "casualty in this sentence is a synonym of…………...
a.b eaths b. victims c.emergency

d.a&b
4. I never download pirated material." In this sentence, 'pirated" is

an antonym of………....
a.genuine b.illegal c. efficient d. destroyed
5...............’… ’is to "wreck as 'nosy" is to 'curious".
a. Restore b. Save c.Ruin d. Violate
6. "The ship was ruined in a storm." In this utterance, the verb "ruined"
can be replaced by …………. .
a.restored b. wrecked C. saved d.a&c
7. "A good citizen never violates the law." This means a good
citizen always.the law.
a.follows b. breaks c.disobeys d. works
against 4-Expressions&Idioms‫ومصطلحات تعبيرات‬
As far as ‫ نفس مسافة‬.‫ على قدر‬A large sum of ‫صنع كبير من المال‬
money
at a lower ‫ بسعر اقل‬long-awaited ‫النهاية التي طال‬
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price ending ‫انتظارها‬
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at low cost ‫ بتكلفة منخفضة‬on other sites ‫على مواقع أخرى‬

at midday ‫ في منتصف النهار‬on social media ‫فى وسائل التواصل‬
be about three ‫ يكون اكثر بثاللة أضعاف‬on the internet ‫على شبكة اإلنترنت‬
times more
be due to ‫بسبب‬/ ‫ يكون من المقرر أن‬pirated digital ‫نسخة رقمية مقرصنه‬
copy
be punished ‫ يعاقب عليه القانون‬possible ‫الخسائر المحتملة‬
by law casualties
Great Bitter ‫ البحيرات المرة العظمى‬return to normal ‫يعود للوضع الطبيعي‬
Lakes
business ‫ منتجات تجارية‬sand storm ‫عاصفة رملية‬
products
crime court ‫ محكمة جنائية‬seriously ill ‫مريض بشدة‬
deathly ‫ المقدسات القاتلة‬square meter ‫متر مربع‬
hallows
extreme ‫ صفة قوية‬that is because ‫ذلك الن‬
adjective
for ages ‫ لمدة طويلة‬the true cause of ‫السبب الحقيقي لـ‬
in a dishonest ‫ بطريقة غير أمينة‬the whole book ‫الكتاب بالكامل‬
way
in addition to ‫ باإلضافة إلي‬twenty-year-old ‫طالب يبلغ من العمر‬
student ‫عشرون عاما‬
in her late 20s ‫ في أواخر العشرينات من‬wait with bated ‫ينتظر بفارغ الصبر‬
‫ عمرها‬breath
internet cheat ‫ الغش عبر‬/‫الغش اإللكتروني‬
‫االنترنت‬
5-Verb+preposition ‫فعل‬+‫جر حرف‬
encourage ……to ‫…أن‬.. ‫ يشجع‬plan to ‫يخطط أن‬

find out ‫ يكتشف‬refer... to ‫يحيل …إلى‬
get into ‫ ينخرط في –يدخل‬travel past ‫ يمر بجوار‬/‫يجتاز‬
give up ‫يتخلى عن‬-‫ يستسلم‬wait for ‫ينتظر‬
pass through ‫يمر من خالل‬
1. He took a short route, so he didn't run as.............as other runners.
a .from b. well c.far d.good
2. A good teacher encourages students.............hard.
a .work b. to work c.working d.to working
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3. I found the report long, so I referred it...............the secretary to

summarize it.
a from b. into c. with d. to
4. You can find all types of information.................the internet.
a. in b.on c.to d. with
5. While looking for my keys, I found................that there were some

important documents under the desk.
a.from b. up c. of d.out
6. They agreed to meet.......................midday.
a. on b. in c. at d. with
7. No ship could travel…...............the ship which blocked the canal.
a.on b. past c. paste d.
pass 6 Clear the confusion ‫الفرق الحظ‬
announce-advertise
‫مناسبة )بغرض تبليغ أو إخبار اآلخرين‬/ ‫خبر‬/ ‫خطة‬/ ‫تعلن عن إقرار( نية‬
announce + obj.
-We announce the publication of our books on El-Manassa page on

Facebook.
‫ تجاري‬obj. + advertise ‫ خدمة ) بغرض‬/ ‫يعلن عن (سلعة‬

-We advertise our books ‫إصدارات‬on El-Manassa page on Facebook.
‫ يحقق في‬investigate-check
….)investigate‫(للوصول إلى الحقيقة الفاعل‬
/‫ يتحقق من‬crime. the investigating still are police -The

…)check‫ كفاءة‬/ ‫ صالحية‬/ ‫ سالمة‬/ ‫يفحص (للتأكد من صحة‬
-The mechanic checked my car engine.
14
‫ حادث‬incident-accident-event-occasion
)accident‫(غير متوقع يؤدي إلي خسائر في األرواح أو الممتلكات‬
-The car accident resulted in the death of two young people and an old
woman.
)incident‫ حدث (غير متوقع يؤدي إلى خسائر في الممتلكات‬- ‫واقعة حادث عارض‬
-This incident is strange here in our town.
incident ‫أزمة‬/ ‫دولتين بين نزاع‬
-The terrorist attack caused a diplomatic incident.
event‫ حدث‬/‫هامة مناسبة‬
-I have no comment on the recent political events.
occasion‫اجتماعية مناسبة‬
-I invited all my friends on the occasion of my sister's wedding.
Choose the correct answer from a ,b ,c or d:
1. The.................between the two countries resulted from an attack near

the borders.
a. incident b. accident c. phenomenon d. occasion
2. We meet to celebrate the............of my brother's success.
a. incident b. accident c. phenomenon d. occasion
3. All official decisions are............on Channel One.
a.said b. advertised c. announced d. claimed
4. Our products are............on our website.
a.said b. advertised c. announced d. claimed
5. I think we do not have any apples left, but I will ……………….
a. check b. advertise c. announce d. investigate
6. To…............something is to look into it.
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a. advertise b. check c. announce d .investigate
PART TWO LESSONS 3&4
PART I VOCABULARY
Vocabulary 1-Key ‫المفردات الرئيسيه‬
balanced(adj) – ‫ عادل‬- ‫ متوازن‬misleading(adj/n) ‫التضليل‬- ‫مضضل‬

‫موضوعي‬
bias(ed) (v) – ‫ يتحزب‬- ‫ يتحامل‬omission(n) ‫ االستبعاد‬-‫الحذف‬
‫يحرض‬
bias(n) ‫ َت ْحزب – تحيز‬- ‫تحامل‬ placement(n) ‫وضع (شئ في مكان‬
)‫معين‬
citizen ‫صحافة المواطن‬ point of view ‫وجهة نظر‬/ ‫رأي‬
journalism(n)
inaccurate(adj) ‫ غير دقيق‬- ‫ خاطئ‬spin (n) ‫تزيين األمور‬-‫تلفيق‬
mislead -misled ‫ يخدع‬-‫ يضلل‬spin - spun (v) ‫يقنع بتزيين الكالم‬
(v) )‫(يحور‬
2-Important vocabulary
access(n) ‫ حق‬- ‫صالحية استخدام‬ responsibility(n) ‫مسئولية‬
‫الدخول‬
affairs(n) ‫ احداث‬- ‫شئون‬ restate(d) (v) ‫يعيد صياغة‬
anxious(adj) ‫ القلق‬/ ‫شاعر بالتوتر‬ slide(n) ‫ زحليقة‬- ‫شريحة‬
available(adj) ‫متاح‬ slide-slid (v) ‫ يتزحلق‬- ‫ينزلق‬
brainstorm(ed) ‫ يعصف ذهنيا‬-‫يستثير الفكر‬ snowstorm(n) ‫عاصفة جليدية‬
(v)
constant(adj) ‫ مستمر‬- ‫ ثابت‬social (adj) ‫اجتماعي‬
current(adj) ‫ جاري‬-‫ حالي‬spade(n) ‫جاروف‬
cycle(d)(n/v) ‫ يقود دراجة‬، ‫ دورة‬summarize(d) ‫ يختصر‬- ‫يلخص‬
(v)
effort(n) ‫ جهد‬summary(n) ‫ خالصة‬- ‫تلخيص‬
impact(ed) ‫ يؤثر‬- ‫ تأثير‬- ‫ أثر‬survey(n) ‫بحث استطالعي‬
(n/v)
leak(ed)(n/v) ‫ يتسرب – يسرب‬- ‫ تسريب‬traditional(adj) ‫تقليدي‬
objective(adj/n) ‫ هدف‬- ‫منطقي‬- ‫موضوعي‬ trap(ped) (v), ‫ يحبس " يوقع ب‬-‫يحتجز‬
(n) ‫ فخ‬-
persuade(d) (v) ‫ يقنع‬trust(ed) (v/n) ‫الثقه‬-‫يثق بـ‬
persuasive(adj) ‫ مقنع‬/ ‫ إقناعي‬update(d) (n/v) ‫ يحدث‬- ‫تحديث‬
regular(adj) ‫ منتظم‬up-to-date(adj) ‫ محدث‬- ‫حديث‬
16
Definitions-3 ‫تعريفات‬
mislead-misled (v) ‫ يخدع‬/ ‫يضلل‬ -to make someone believe something that is not
true by giving them information that is false or
not complete
omission(n) ‫ اإلستبعاد‬/‫الحذف‬ -the act of not including somebody/something or
not doing something
placement(n) ‫ وضع (شي في مكان‬-the fact of not being included or done
)‫معين‬
point of view ‫وجهة نظر‬/ ‫ رأي‬-the act of placing something somewhere
spin(n) ‫ خلط األمور‬- ‫تلفيق‬ -the particular attitude or opinion that somebody
has about something the way someone talks
about information or a situation, especially in
order to influence the way people think about it
inaccurate (adj( ‫غير دقيق‬/‫ خاطئ‬- not completely correct
balanced(adj) ‫محايد‬-‫ متوازن‬-giving equal solute attention to all sides or
opinions
bias(n) -‫تحزب‬-‫ تحامل‬- an opinion about whether a person, group, or
‫ تحيز‬idea is good or bad that influences ‫ على يؤثر‬a how
you deal with it
citizen ‫ صحافة المواطن‬- reports and pictures of events recorded as by
journalism(n) ordinary people and shown especially on the
internet
1. You can't rely on this information; it's………
d. inaccurate c. accurate b. acute a. reliable
2. What bad news! The book had been............before it was published.
d. written c. disappeared b. locked a. leaked

3. The journalist biased by............; he put the story at the top of the page
to show it was interesting.
a. repetition b. omission c. placement d. spin
4. "In his advertisement, he left out the fact that the flat isn't opposite
the Nile to make others buy it for a higher price. This is bias by………. .
a. spin b. placement c. omission d. replacement
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5. The police were able to rescue the people who were.........inside the
house during the fire.
a. typed b. tripped c. wrapped d. trapped
6. Social media has made............possible.
a. responsibility b. omission c. citizen journalism
d. journalism
7. Having a/an..................diet keeps you healthy and fit.
a. balanced b. misleading c. inaccurate d. available
8. This referee has a clear…......against our team. He didn't even consult

the VAR room about the penalty.
a. fairness b. bias c. placement d. support
9. The salesman tried to persuade me to buy by putting a positive……...

on the advantages of their products.
a. spade b. trap c. bias d. spin
10. He didn't get high marks in the exam because some of his answers
were…….
a. balanced b. misleading c. inaccurate d. available
11. Taking the wrong decision is the direct result of..........information.
a. balanced b. misleading c. accurate d. available
12. "Misleading voters is a crime". In this sentence. "misleading" is

a/an……….
a. noun b. verb c. adjective d. adverb
13...............................................Bullying is a / an problem. It affects all members

of a
community.
a. certain b. stressed c. social d .up-to-date
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14. You need to...........this mobile application.
a. brainstorm b. update c. trap d. summarize
15. Don't interfere with other people's............
a. surveys b. slides c. updates d. affairs
16. The death of her aunt had a sad..............on her.
a. impact b. effort c. objective d. slide
17. The manager asked Rahma to..............the long report for him.
a. brainstorm b. update c. trap d. summarize
18. Sending and receiving emails is one of the secretary's ...………
a. surveys b. responsibilities c. updates d. impacts
19. Revising 'The present perfect' is one of the.........of Unit 1.
a. impacts b. efforts c. objectives d. slides
20. Mr.Salem got his students to..........some ideas to solve the problem.
a. brainstorm b. bias c. trip d . impact
21. The great..............Dr Mark had made saved the injured man's life.
22. Don't try to..............me to waste my time chatting online.
a. persuade b. support c. slide d. trust
23. This company has...................information about the new plans.
a. petrified b. stressed c. social d. up-to-date
24. Doing.........aims at collecting accurate information.
a. surveys b. responsibilities c. updates d. affairs
25. I used PowerPoint.........to make my presentation.
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26..............is an opinion about whether a person, group, or idea is good

or bad that influences how you deal with it.
a. Placement b. Omission c. Spin d. Bias
27. Your..............is the particular attitude or opinion that you have about
something.
a. citizen journalism b. point of view c. exaggeration
d. act of placement
28...................is the way someone talks about information or a situation,

especially in order to influence the way people think about it.
a. Placement b. Omission c. Spin d.Bias
29. To.................is to make someone believe something that is not true by

giving them information that is false or not complete.
a .petrify b. mislead c. skid d. guide
30. The adjective.......means not completely correct.
a .balance b. balanced c. accurate d. inaccurate
31.........means reports and pictures of events recorded by ordinary

people and shown especially on the internet.
a. Citizen journalism b. Point of view
c. Exaggeration d. The act of placement
32. To be.............means giving equal attention to all sides or opinions.
a. balance b. balanced c. accurate d. inaccurate
33..................is the act of putting something somewhere.
a. Placement b. Omission c. Spin d. Bias
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PART II VOCABULARY STUDY
Collocations Verbal 1 ‫متالزمات لفظية‬
brainstorm ideas ‫ يستثير أفكار‬have a negative ‫له تأثير سلبى‬

impact on ‫على‬
get anxious ‫ يفلق‬- ‫يتوتر‬ a social ‫عليه مسئولية‬
responsibility ‫اجتماعية‬
regular ‫يحصل على‬ internet ‫لديه إمكانية‬
updates ‫تحديثات‬ access ‫الدخول على‬
‫منتظمة‬ ‫االنترنت‬
give a lecture ‫ يحاضر‬make every effort ‫يبذل قصارى‬
‫جهده‬
reasons ‫ ُيعطي مبررات‬suggest a solution ‫يقترح حل‬
keep up-to-date ‫ يواكب‬take a photo ‫يلتقط صورة‬
with
Choose the correct answer from a, b ,c or d:
1. Mr. Ayman asked us to.................ideas to support our opinions.
a. support b. avoid c. become d. brainstorm
2. I have to...............every effort to solve this problem.
a. keep b. give c. make d. suggest
3. It's better if you.........regular updates for the applications on your

tablet.
a. get b. give c. spread d. complain
4. We must............up-to-date with the latest advancements in science

and technology.
a.keep b. give c.make d. suggest
5. Losing the match............a negative impact on the team's fans.
a. avoided b. took c. had d. complained
6. The last lecture Dr Samira.................was about improving the listening

skill.
a. kept b. gave c. told d. suggested
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7. It's a crime to....................false information.
a.get b. take c. spread d. complain
2 Synonyms ‫مترادفات‬
Word Synonym(=Meaning)
balanced(adj) ‫ عادل‬- ‫متوازن‬ fair/unbiased/objective
bias(n) - ‫تحزب‬- ‫تحامل‬ prejudice/partiality
‫تحيز‬
inaccurate(adj) ‫ غير دقيق‬- ‫خاطئ‬ inexact/imprecise/incorrect / wrong
misleading(adj) ‫مضلل‬ deceptive/confusing/ deceiving /false/
ambiguous
omission(n) ‫ الحذف‬deletion/leaving out/ exclusion
-Antonyms 3 ‫متضادات‬
Word Antonyms(=Opposite)
balanced(adj) ‫ متوازن‬biased/partial/imbalanced/unbalanced ‫متحيز‬
bias(n) ‫ تحامل‬objectivity / fairness / impartiality – ‫الموضوعية‬
- ‫الحيادية‬
‫تحزب‬
‫ تحيز‬-
inaccurate(adj) - ‫ خاطئ‬accurate/exact ‫دقيق‬
‫غير‬
‫دقيق‬
omission(n) ‫ الحذف‬addition/inclusion - ‫إضافة‬
‫تضمين‬
Choose the correct answer from a,b,c or d:
1. 'Omission' and 'inclusion' are…………… .
a. synonyms b. antonyms c. acronyms d. adjectives
2. "The omission of the verb makes the sentence meaningless". In

this sentence, 'omission' can be replaced by .......
a leaving-out b. addition C. deletion d. a&c.
3. "The content of this report is misleading". The synonym

of "misleading" in this context is ………...
a. false b. correct c. true d. accurate
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4. When someone is biased, they are not expected to give a/an………...

opinion.
a. partial b. unfair c. balanced d. unjust
Idioms & 4-Expressions ‫تعبيرات و مصطلحات‬
careful about ‫ حريص على‬post... on social ‫منشور على وسائل التواصل‬

media ‫االجتماعى‬
constant cycle ‫ دورة متصلة‬/ ‫خلفة‬ a record snowstorm ‫عاصفه جليدية‬
‫شديده‬/‫استثنائيه‬
current affairs ‫ األحداث الجارية‬share... on social ‫يشارك …على وسائل التواصل‬
media ‫االجتماعى‬
in general, ‫ بصفة عامة‬social responsibility ‫مسئولية اجتماعية‬
people with ‫اشخاص معهم مجارف‬
spades
positives and ‫إيجابيات وسلبيات‬
negatives
5-Verb + preposition ‫ فعل‬+ ‫جر حرف‬

agree with ‫ يوافق علي‬/ ‫ يتفق مع‬present... as ‫يقدم ك‬
dig out ‫ ينقب عن‬/ ‫يستخرج‬ sum up ‫يلخص‬
leave out ‫يستبعد‬-‫ يسقط‬trap... in ‫يضع ف مصيده‬
1. A gang of thieves were arrested while digging.............ancient Egyptian

antiquities.
d. to c. with b. from a. out
2. Leave.........the students who failed the exam from the school trip.
a .down b. up c. in d. out
3. Mum went out and locked the door leaving me trapped..................my

room.
a. down b. up c. in d. out
4. Presenting an opinion.................a fact is considered bias by spin.
a. to b. as c. on d. from
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PART III SYNONYMOUS TRANSITIONAL EXPRESSIONS
‫تعبيرات ربط متردافة‬

These expressions are used to introduce the first point.
.‫تستخدم التعبيرات التالية لتقديم الفكرة األولى‬
Firstly, = To begin with,‫أوال‬
These expressions are used to introduce the second point.
.‫تستخدم التعبيرات التالية لتقديم الفكرة التالية‬
Secondly. = Next = Then = After that ‫ ثانيا‬، ‫ثم– ذلك بعد‬
These expressions are used at the beginning of the conclusion of a

paragraph or an essay.
..‫تستخدم التعبيرات التالية في بداية خاتمة الفقرة اإلنشائية أو المقال‬
Finally, = Lastly,‫اخيرا‬
To conclude = In conclusion = In summary‫هي والخالصة‬
‫ التناقض‬contrast. show to used are expressions These ‫نستخدم التعبيرات التالية إلظهار‬
Although = Whilst = Despite the fact that = In spite of the fact that………...
‫مع ذلك‬- ‫برغم أن لكن‬
‫ من ناحية‬But/However/Yet
hand, one the On
hand. other the On‫من الناحيه األخرى‬
These expressions are used to introduce result or effect.
.‫تستخدم التعبيرات التالية قبل العبارات الدالة على النتيجة‬
So = Consequently = That's why = As a result = In turn
These expressions are used to introduce cause or reason.
24
.‫تستخدم التعبيرات التالية قبل العبارات الدالة على السبب‬
Because/Since/As+‫جملة‬
= Because of +n/(inf. + ing) = Due to+n/(inf.+ing)

= Owing to + n / (inf + ing) = Thanks to + n / (inf. +
ing) These expressions are used to introduce opinion.
.‫نستخدم التعبيرات التالية قبل العبارات الدالة على الرأي‬
Personally = In my view. = From my point of view. = In my opinion. ‫من‬

‫نظري وجهة‬
‫ التالية‬ideas. more of addition the for used are expressions These ‫تستخدم التعبيرات‬
‫إللضافة‬
In addition (to)-Moreover-Along with-Besides (that)
Furthermore as- well As ‫ إلى جانب‬- ‫باإلضافة إلى‬

These expressions are used to introduce a general idea or a conclusion.
.‫تستخدم التعبيرات التالية قبل العبارات الدالة على الفكرة العامة أو الخالصة‬
whole the On general.= In‫ بواجه عام‬، ‫في المجمل‬
These expressions are used to introduce an idea you say it after

considering all the facts.
.‫تستخدم التعبيرات التالية قبل الفكرة التي تقولها بعد التفكير في كل جوانبها‬
On balance, considering everything Considering all factors ‫إجماال‬
These expressions are used to introduce an idea the speaker or writer

is sure about.
‫تستخدم التعبيرات الثانية قبل العبارات التي تحتوي على معلومات واضحة (مؤكدة) من وجهة نظر‬
. ‫المتحدث أو الكاتب‬
Obviously, = It is crystal clear that‫أن الواضح من‬
1. The match was cancelled..............heavy rain.
25
a. because b. owing to c. nevertheless d. in spite
2. Pollution has a serious effect on our health. However, a lot of people

are still ignorant of the importance of keeping the environment clean.
This shows.................in ideas.
a. addition b. contrast c. possibility d. reason
3. Which of these transitions is used to show the result of something?
a. Personally, b. Whilst c. Due to d. Consequently,
4. Our players have played seriously and followed the tactics of

the couch ……………
-Which of the following completions shows result?
a. but they lost the match. b. despite losing the match.
c., so they won the match. d. as well as winning the match
5. Which of the following can't express contrast?
a. Although b. Despite the fact that c. But d. In addition to
6. Which of the following can be used to show reason?
a. As a result, b. Regardless of c.Due to d. However
7. Which of the following means in general?
a. On the other hand b. On balance c. On the whole
d. On a bigger scale
8. We considered all factors;................the project has achieved high

profits.
a. on demand b. on the one hand c.on balance
d. on the other hand
9. My mother likes classical music. -I, on...................like jazz.
a. the one hand b. the other hand c. balance d.duty
26
10. Reading widens our horizons. Moreover, it enriches our

culture. "Moreover”, here shows....……
a .reason b. cause c.contrast d. addition
11. Which of the following doesn't express contrast?
a. He contacts us although he is busy. c. He is busy, but he contacts us.
b. He is busy, so he can't contact us d. Despite being busy, he contacts

us.
12. "People have different opinions about the use of the internet."
Opinions is similar in meaning to:…………………….. .
a. innovations b. expectations c. points of view d. points of clash
13…............practicing a lot of sport, he also likes reading. Which of

the following completes the sentence, showing addition?
a. Despite b. As well as c. Regardless of d. Because of
14…..............careful he is, he sometimes makes mistakes.
a. Whatever b. Regardless c. However d. Despite
15. Which of the following is used to reflect contrast?
a. Ahmad doesn't read stories because he has no free time.
b. In addition to reading. I like swimming.
C. While Ahmad likes reading, I prefer swimming.
d. Amir, as well as Ahmad, like reading.
16. "A terrible accident happened in Banha,................."Which of the

following completions shows result?
a. due to the rash driver. b. although the driver was careful.
c. so some people were sent to hospital. d. but no one died.
17. When you want to introduce an opposite opinion when you

are writing, you can say …………...
27
a. In the other way b. On the other hand
c. By the other hand d. On one side
18. Which expression can you not use to start your final paragraph
in an essay?
a. To sum up b. In conclusion c. To conclude d. Firstly
19. Which expressions introduce a sequence of ideas in an essay?
a. In conclusion, lastly. In summary b. On the one hand, On

the other hand
c. However, In contrast, nevertheless d. Firstly. Secondly. Finally
PART IV ADVANCED NOTES
compensate
compensate (for) = make up for (v))‫عن( يعوض‬
- His hard work compensates his limited skills.
-David compensated Jack for making him return to work in his

honeymoon.
‫الحظ أن‬
- Nothing will compensate me the death of my grandfather.
-Nothing will compensate me for the death of my grandfather.
compensatory (adj) ‫تعويضي‬
-I was given a compensatory sum of money.
compensation (for) (n))‫عن( تفويض‬
-Workers get compensations for work injuries.
compensation (from) (n) (‫تعويض)من‬
-Workers get compensations from their employers.
28
in compensation (for) (n) )‫عن(عوضا‬
-She got 240 thousand pounds in compensation for her damaged car.
‫الحظ التعبيرات التالية‬

-pay/award/give/offer a…. compensation.........‫يدفع‬/‫لـ تعويضا يعرض‬
compensation a -receive ‫يتلقى تعويضا‬
- claim/demand/seek a compensation‫بتعويض يطالب‬
financial compensation ‫مالی تعويض‬
compensation full ‫تعويض كامل‬
- partial compensation‫جزئى تعويض‬
demand
demand )for( ))n(‫ اإلقبال (على‬/ ‫الطلب‬
-Demand for cold drinks increases in summer.
:‫الحظ التعبيرات التالية‬
-in demand (= wante‫مطلوب‬ -high/big/great/huge demand ‫مرتفع طلب‬
low demand ‫منخفض طلب‬ - cope with/satisfy/meet demand
demand in surge a ‫طفرة في الطلب‬ supply and demand ‫العرض و الطلب‬

demand )for( )n(‫المطالبة (بـ‬
-Your demand for a better pay ‫أفضل راتب‬, during coronavirus pandemic is
not wise.
demand(ed) )to( )v(‫ يطالب بـ‬/ ‫يطلب‬
-We demand to know when we will be promoted.
.should / .inf + )inf(‫ فإن فعلها يكون‬demand ‫الحظ أن عند استخدام جملة بعد الفعل‬
... demand + (that) + subj. + inf./should + inf....
-My father demands that Ali be home before midnight. (formal)
29
-My father demands that Ali should be home before midnight. (formal)
-My father demands that Ali is home before midnight. (informal)
piracy
pirate (n)
-In this area, pirates attack and take ships.

-Copyright pirates should be punished.
pirate (d) (v) ‫ على يستولى‬/ ‫يقرصن‬
-Those who pirate novels, videos and music are criminals.

pirated (adj)‫ مسروق‬/ ‫مقرصن‬
-When you buy pirated materials, you encourage copyright thieves.
spin
spin-spun spun (v) ‫ يلف‬/‫يدور‬
-When you press the on button, the laptop fan starts to
spin. spin-spun -spun (v)‫ يغالط‬/‫ يلفق‬/ ‫يختلق‬
- Sometimes, children spin stories to escape punishment
to spin (n)‫لفة‬/‫دوره‬
-The earth's spin around itself takes 24
hours. spin (n)‫تلفيق‬/ ‫ الكالم تزين‬/ ‫مغالطة‬
- Don't try to put a spin on the situation. You've made a big mistake.
Balance
n( balance( ‫تكافؤ‬- ‫اتزان – توازن‬
≠ imbalance‫اختالل التوازن‬
- He lost his balance and fell to the ground. - Man has upset the
balance of nature.
30
balance )n( ).‫رصيد (في الحساب البنكي‬
-I was surprised to know that my father's balance is zero.
the balance (n) ‫ المخزون‬/‫=المتبقى‬the rest
- The balance of cheese in the market is nearly
nothing. balance (n) ‫ =ميزان‬scales
-Most shopkeepers now have digital balances.
balance your keep ‫ تحافظ على اتزانك‬balance your ≠lose ‫تفقد اتزان‬
power of balance the ‫توازن القوي‬
nature of balance the ‫توازن الطبيعة‬
balance )d( )v( . ‫ يتوازن‬- ‫ يعادل‬- ‫يوازن‬
- I put just enough sugar to balance the acidity of lemon.
- Can you balance this dish on your head without using your
hands? balanced (adj)‫موضوعى‬-‫ =محايد‬fair
-The reporter gave a balanced view of what happened.
balanced (adj) ‫متوازن‬
- You need to follow a balanced diet to keep fit.
balanced (adj) ‫عاقل‬-‫ ≠ حكيم‬unbalanced‫ طائش‬- ‫متهور‬
- I like the fact that she is a balanced person.
bias
bias (ed) against (v) ‫على يحرض‬
-This journalist has biased the fans against the captain of the team.
bias (ed) (v) ‫على سلبيا يؤثر‬
31
- His wife's opinion has biased his decision.
bias (towards/ in favor of/ against) (n) ) ‫مع( تحيز‬/‫ضد‬
-All students should be evaluated without bias.
biases/ biased (towards/ in favor of/ against) (adj) )‫متحيز(متحزب‬
-Some journalists are clearly biased towards businessmen.
placement
place )n ( ‫موضع‬- ‫مكان‬
-I couldn't find an empty place in the street to park my car.
-There's no place in the group for a troublemaker.
place (n)‫دور‬
-I am against the idea that a woman's place is in the home.
place (d))v)‫=لـ عرضه شيء يجعل (مكان في )يضع‬put
-Sama placed the vase carefully on the table.
-Never place your children at risk.
-A good student places their education above having fun.
placement (n)‫توظيف‬-‫بـ إلحاق‬-‫إيواء‬
This charity ‫خيرية جمعية‬provides a job placement service.
-The placement of homeless children costs much money.
placement (= work placement) (n))‫دراسي برنامج من كجزء( عملي تدريب‬
-When I was a student in the faculty of education, au as I was sent out

on placement as a training.
placement )n(‫وضع في مكان أو موضع معين‬
-The editor of a newspaper controls the placement of news stories

according to importance.
32
take place ‫=يحدث‬happen
-in somebody’s place ‫من بدال‬
places high in ‫ نفوذ‬- ‫ذو سلطه‬
1. Her fluency and intelligence.............her lack of experience.
a. wait with bated breath for b. check
c. find out about d. make up for
2. By way of.............their busy week, I take my children out on boat trips

every week.
a. violation b. announcement c. investigation
d. compensation
3. I banged my head and the room started to
a. pirate b. announce c. spin d. shock
4. His refusal has...................me in a tight corner.
a. brainstormed b. summarized c. placed d. impacted
5. Don't try to put a....................on your exam results. You have got low
marks in all subjects.
a. bias b. placement c. spin d. plunge
33
2-Grammar
1 Present Perfect simple: active and passive
‫ المبنى للمعلوم والمبني للمجهول‬: ‫المضارع التام البسيط‬

Active-1‫المبنى للمعلوم‬
I
You + have ('ve)
We + p.p…..
They
-I have watched a film.

He
+has ('s)
She +p.p...
It
-Omar has bought some CDs.
2- Passive ‫للمجهول المبني‬
Object ‫المفعول‬+have/has + been+p.p …
-A film has been watched (by me).
-Some CDs have been bought (by Omar).
Simple Perfect Present the of -Uses‫استخدامات المضارع التام البسيط‬
):‫التعبير عن أحداث أو مواقف غير منتهيه (بدأت في الماضى ولم تنتهى إلى االن‬1 -
-I’ve studied English since 2013.(I still study English at present)
:‫ وهذا يشتمل علي‬، ‫التعبير من مواقف حدثت في الماضي دون ذكر وقت حدوثها‬2 -
‫التعبير عن الخبرات والتجارب السابقة‬-‫أ‬
-She has worked in this school for years.
-I've never played squash-
):‫التعبير عما أنجزه أو حققه الفاعل(حتى االن‬-‫ب‬
34
-My daughter has learned to speak English. (She can speak English now)
:‫أحداث منتظره أو متوقعه‬-‫ج‬
The traine hasn’t arrived at the station yet.
)‫التعبير عن أحداث أو مواقف في الماضي و لها أثر على الحاضر (جملة األثر تكون في المضارع‬3 -
-I ‘ve eaten a lot of food, so I find very full.
year last the ):‫التعبير عن أحداث أو مواقف قابلة للتكرار) يمكن استخدام تعبيرات زمنية ممتدة مثل‬4-
in –today-tonight- month this morning- week-this this
-I have drunk two cups of coffee today. (I can drink more cups of coffee
today)
):‫ التعبير عن المستقبل بعد الروابط الزمنية (يمكن استخدام المضارع البسيط لنفس الغرض‬5 -
-After my father has left (leaves) home, I'll ask mum to give me more
money.
:‫الحظ ما يلى جيدا‬6 -

have/ has been to ‫وعاد ذهب‬
to gone have/has‫ذهب ولم يعد بعد‬
-I've been to Paris three times; I want to go there again.
-Ahmed has gone to the club. You can join him there now.
1. I..............bought some flour.
a. have b .has c. have been d. has been
2. Some flour.........bought.
3. She…...............fed the babies.
4. The babies............fed.
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5. He...............physics for the last two hours.
a. studied b .was studied c. has studied d. was studying
6. The train hasn’t arrived...............We're still waiting
a. yet b. lately c. already d.ago
7. Mum..........lunch. I can smell her delicious food.
a. has prepared b. has prepared c.is prepared d. would prepare
8. I............three email this morning. I'll send two more.
a. has gone b. had sent C. was sent d .have sent
9. She…..........to the fruit seller’s. The apples she has bought are
fantastic.
a. has gone d. had gone c. has been d .had been
10 .I….........squash. I don't even know its rules.
a. have never played b. didn’t play c. have never played
d. ever played
Notes Important‫مالحظات هامة‬
‫ حتى االن‬:‫الحظ استخدام الظروف التالية مع المضارع التام‬-1-

just‫توا‬already-‫بالفعل‬recently-‫مؤخرا‬lately-‫مؤخرا‬- yet
I have done the shopping already=I have already done the shopping.
-The manager has just left the office. -We have visited some friends
lately /recently.
yet. homework his done hasn't -Ahmed ‫فى النفى واالستفهام‬
:‫المده التى استغرقها حدث الفعل‬for ‫ يأتى بعد‬2 -

for‫لمده‬+ a moment /three minutes /six months/ two centuries/ a short
time/as long as I can remember..../ a while ‫فتره‬/ half an hour/ ten years
36
/ages‫طويلة مدة‬/ the last two seconds/ five days /a decade) ‫(عقد‬10‫ سنوات‬/a
long time‫ طويلة لمدة‬/long
I’ve had this mobile for 10 years.
-He’s been here for 6 months.
: ‫)تعبير زمنى يدل على توقيت بداية حدوث الفعل‬since(‫يأتى بعد‬3 -

since‫ منذ‬+(six o'clock) /March /yesterday /arrival‫ وصول‬/death‫موت‬/
Monday/ summer/ last month /his departure ‫ رحيله‬/...etc. /26th
September/ 2013 /then ‫الحين ذلك منذ‬/her birth‫ميالدها‬
-I've lived in this flat since 2015. -He's been here since May.
-Rodayna has lived in this town since her birth.

-She has not slept since her departure.
‫) يكون زمنها ماضي بسيط وأحيا ًنا مضارع تام‬since( ‫في حال وجود جملة بعد‬4 -
-I haven't eaten anything since I left (have felt) home this morning.
‫) إذا كان فاعل العبارة التي بعدها هو نفس الفاعل في‬since( ‫ (بعد‬ing) + inf ‫يمكن استخدام‬5 -
:‫العبارة التي قبلها‬
-She has been very busy since she had her second baby.
=She has been very busy since having her second baby.
: )because(‫) تستخدم أحيا ًنا بمعنى‬since( ‫تذكر أن‬-6

- He is tired since he has been working all day.
:‫الحظ أن‬7 -
:‫يمكن استخدام الصيغة التالية للسؤال عن وقت بداية الحدث‬-
Since when+have / has +Subj + ‫فاعل‬........p.p …..?
Omar? Aswan, in lived you have when -Since (‫)عمر ما زال يعيش في أسوان‬
+ ? :‫يمكن استخدام الصيغة التالية للسؤال عن المدة التي استغرقها الحدث‬-
Subj. + has have/ long+ how For‫ فاعل‬.p.p
37
=How long+ have / has + Subj. ‫فاعل‬+p.p........for?

Omar Aswan, in lived you have long how -For (?‫)عمر ال يزال يعيش في أسوان‬
Omar? for, Aswan in lived you have long -How (‫)عمر ال يزال يعيش في أسوان‬
:‫والحظ أن‬
How long ago +did + Subj ‫ فاعل‬+inf.............?

How long ago did you live in Aswan, Omar? (‫ ) أسوان في يعيش يعد لم عمر‬2 The
difference between the present perfect and the past simple
‫الفرق بين المضارع التام والماضي البسيط‬
Perfect Present‫المضارع التام‬ Simple Past‫الماضي البسيط‬

‫االهتمام بنتيجة الحدث‬ ‫االهتمام بالحدث نفسه‬
-They have lost their money ( ‫ أصبحوا‬- They lost their money.
‫)مفلسين‬
- just has He ‫حدث من فترة قصيرة للغاية‬ ‫حدث تم من فترة معينة في الماضي‬
arrived. - He arrived two hours ago.
‫حدث قد يتعدل‬ .‫حدث يستحيل تعديله‬
- Salah. Mohammed met haven't I
- I didn't meet president Sadat
(‫)محمد صالح مازال حيا و قد تقابله‬ )‫) ألن الرئيس السادات توفى‬
‫حدث تم في فترة لم تنتهى بعد‬ ‫حدث تم في فترة وانتهت‬.
- It hasn't rained this morning. - It didn't rain this morning.
(‫)لم ينتهى الصباح بعد وقد تمطر‬ )‫) انتهى الصباح ولم تمطر‬
‫حدث أو عادة مستمرة‬ ‫حدث أو عادة غير مستمرة‬
- He has been fit. - He was always fit.
(‫)مستمر على حاله ولم يتغير‬ ً ‫)هو كان ولكن اآلن أصبح غير الئق‬
)‫بدنيا‬
‫حدث في زمن غير محدد في الماضي‬ ‫حدث وقع في زمن محدد في الماضي‬
- He has travelled to America. - He travelled to America
yesterday.
1. He has...........arrived home. Let him relax for a few minutes before

you talk to him.
a. just b. ever c. never d. yet
2. I have met some old friends............
a. yet b. lately c. recently d. b & c
38
3. I haven't heard from her............ages. I hope she is better.
a. at b. since c. for d. a & c
4..............................................................I haven't heard from her last April. I hope

she is better.
a. at b. since c. for d. a & c
5. I have watched football matches............as long as I can remember.
a. so b. such c. since d. for
6. I have watched football matches..............my childhood.
a.so b. such c. since d. for
7. We haven't met since we...............to our new villa.
a. moved b. move c. were moved d. has moved
8.................when have you waited for her?
a. For b. Since c. Ago d. a & c
9...............how long have you waited for her?
a. For b. Since c. Ago d. a & c
10. How long..........................did you start waiting for her?
a. for b. since c. ago d. a & c
Notes Extra‫مالحظات إضافية‬
1 -First Experience
:‫الحظ استخدام األساليب التالية للتعبير عن المرور بموقف أو تجربة ألول مرة‬.
Subj.+ have/has + never +p.p.. before (now).
-Ahmed has never visited Paris before (now).
This is the first time + subj. + have/has+ (ever) + p.p....
-This is the first time Ahmed has (ever) visited Paris.
This is the first time+for+ sub +to+ inf....

39
-This is the first time for Ahmed to visit Paris.
2 -A different Experience
:‫الحظ استخدام األساليب التالية لتمييز موقف أو تجربة عن مواقف سابقة‬.
‫تفضيل جملة‬........+ subject+ have/has + ever + p.p....

-This is the cleverest student I have ever seen.
-That is the most delicious food we have ever eaten.
Subj.+have/has+ never + p.p.. . .such (a/an) +‫اسم‬+ ‫صفه‬.
-I have never seen such a clever student.
-We have never eaten such delicious food.
Subj. +have/has+ never + p.p.... (a/an) + ‫اسم‬+ ‫ صفه‬+ like....
-I have never seen a clever student like this (one).
-We have never eaten delicious food like that.
Subj.+ have/has + never + p.p.... (a/an) + pul+as+‫ صفه‬+as+.....
- I have never seen a student as clever as this (one).
-We have never eaten food as delicious as that.
Subj. + have/has + never + p.p.... (a/an) ‫ مقارنه صفة‬+ ‫اسم‬+ + than...
- I have never seen a student cleverer than this (one).
-We have never eaten food more delicious than that.
3 -Last Experience
‫الحظ استخدام األساليب التالية للتعبير عن آخر حدوث للموقف أو التجربة‬

Subj.+ haven't /hasn't + p.p....+ since / for ...
- Haya hasn't gone out since Monday. Subj.
+last+‫ ثان تصريف‬+ in/on/at+‫ماضى زمنى تعبير‬
-Peter last went shopping on Monday.
40
subj.+ + time last The‫ تصريف ثان‬+at in/on/ +was + ‫تعبير زمنى ماضى‬
-The last time Judy went shopping was on Monday.
Subj. + haven't /hasn't + p.p....+ since + past simple ‫بسيط ماضى جملة‬
-Ahmed hasn't met his grandmother since he was in Aswan.
Subj. + last‫ ثان تصريف‬+when+ paste simple ‫بسيط ماضي جملة‬
= Ahmed last met his grandmother when he was in
Aswan. 4- Starting point / duration
:‫الحظ استخدام األساليب التالية للتعبير عن وقت بداية الحدث أو المدة التي استغرقها‬
Subject+ have /has+p.p....+for+period
- Nour has lived in Aswan for 21 years.
Subject+ have /has + p.p....+ since + a point in time
- Mohammed has lived in Aswan since 1999.
Subject+ started /began + (to + inf. / gerund). + period + ago
- Mohammed started to live (living) in Aswan 21 years ago/in
2002. It is / has been + period+ since + past simple ‫بسيط ماضى جملة‬
-It is 21 years since Mohammed started to live in Aswan.
1. She has never travelled abroad………….. .
a.already b.ago c. how d. before now
2. This is the first time I have...............seen a real kangaroo .
a. never b.ever c.just d. always
3. This is the first time for me..............a real kangaroo.
a.see b. have seen c. to see d. to seeing
4. Amira is…..........student I have ever seen.
41
a .clever b.clever c.cleverer d. the cleverest
5. I have never seen a student............Amira.
a.as clever as b. cleverer than c. the cleverest d.a & b
6. I have never seen a clever student...........Amira
a.like b. as c. such d. similar
7. She….......me at five.
a. has just called b. had just called c. last called d. never call
8. The last time she called me.............five.
a.at b. was at c.in d. was in
9. She hasn't called me.................I returned home.
a. when b. after c. before d. since
10. She last called me.............I returned home.
a .when b. while c.for d. since
11. She......................to work here two months ago.
a .has started b. hasn't started c. started d. starts
12. It is a week.......................last went to the club.
a.for b. since c. while d.
after 3 The Present Perfect Continuous ‫المستمر التام المضارع‬
Form‫تكوينه‬
I/You/We/They+have ('ve) + been + (inf. + ing)
-I have been waiting for half an hour.
He/ She /It+has ('s)+been+ (inf. + ing).
-Rania has been studying English for two years.
42
continuous perfect present the of Uses‫استخدامات المضارع التام المستمر‬
‫الحظ أن المضارع التام‬since/for( ‫حدث بدأ في الماضي وامتد حتى الوقت الحاضر غالبا مع‬1 -
):‫يمكن أن يستخدم لنفس الغرض‬
-Ayman and Ashraf have been talking for the last two hours.
-Radwa has been working for that company for long.
- Has Mr. Mohammed been teaching at this school for a long time?
- What have the children being doing for the last few minutes?
‫ يكون المضارع التام المستمر أكثر عمومية ليعني في األونة‬for) / (since ‫في حال عدم وجود‬2 -
‫األخيرة‬
-Recently, he has been feeling unwell.
-Sara has been watching too much television lately.
-Hassan has been feeling a little worried about his job.
-Lisa has not been doing exercise.
The difference between the present perfect simple and continuous
‫يستخدم‬1 - ‫الفرق بين المضارع التام البسيط والمضارع التام المستمر‬

‫المضارع التام البسيط للدهللا على حدث تم وله دهللا أو أثر في المضارع(األثر أو النتيجة‬
):‫نتجت على اكتمال أو تمام الحدث‬
-He's had his meal, so he is full.
- Rokaya has done the housework, so she can watch TV now.
‫لكن يستخدم المضارع التام المستمر للداللة على حدث له أثر أو نتيجة في المضارع (األثر أو‬2 -
):‫النتيجة نتجت عن الحدث وليس تمامه‬
-I've been having my meal so there are plates, spoons and cups all over
the table.
-Rokaya has been doing the housework, so she looks very tired.
‫ ومن الكلمات‬،‫يستخدم المضارع التام فقط وليس المضارع التام المستمر عند ذكر العدد أو الكم‬3 -
: ‫الدالة على ذلك‬
43
two /a lot of/ three………/ lots of /many/ all /a few/ plenty of... /few/
several +‫مفعول‬
-He has been drinking three cups of tea this evening. 
-He has drunk three cups of tea this evening. 
-He has been drinking at least a liter of tea this evening. 
-He has drunk at least a liter of tea this evening. 
-I have been meeting many customers recently.
-I have met many customers recently.
)‫يستخدم المضارع التام فقط وليس المضارع التام المستمر مع األفعال اللحظية أو األفعال التقريرية‬4 -
):‫أفعال االدراك والمشاعر و الحواس والتملك… الخ‬
-A fast car has been crashing into a rock by the road. 
-A fast car has crashed into a rock by the road. 
-We have been owning this flat for 15 years. 
-We have owned this flat for 15 years. 
-She has been knowing these friends for a year. 
-She has known these friends for a year. 
Choose the correct answer from a, b , c or d:
1. She................to the market. She will be here soon.
a. has been b. has gone c. was going d. had been
2. She….......any meetings since she came here.
a .wasn't attending b. doesn't attend c. won't attend
d. hasn't attended
3. In the last two hours, I........my lessons.
a. had revised b. have revised c. revise d .was revised
4. So far, many schools..........in rural and urban areas.
44
a. will have been built b. are building c. have been built
d. were built
5. Oh! I.........my mobile. What can I do?
a. broke b. had broken c. was broken d. have broken
6. He..............to the bank to draw some money. He will be back in half an

hour.
a. has been b. has gone c. had been d. was going
7. Dr Tamer..........four patients so far this morning.
a. had seen b. has seen c. saw d. was seen
8. Nothing like this.............to her.
a .had happened b. has never happened c. has ever happened
d. happened
9. I haven't travelled to my village by train................my early childhood.
a. when b. ago c. for d. since
10. This is the most difficult situation I............faced.
a. had ever been b. have ever c. had ever d. have ever been
11. Kenzy...............all her exams and is going to start at university next

month.
a. has passed b. has been passing c. passes d. will be passing
12. Fady broke his leg and has to stay in bed, so he...................watching a
lot of films recently!
a. is b. has been c. was d. will be
13. The village streets are muddy because it..................all night.
a. had rained b. had been raining c. has been raining
d. will be raining
45
14..............................................................................He is still doing the exercise. He it

for two hours now.
a .has done b. has been doing c. had been doing d. was doing
15. Scientists..............researching the side effects of COVID-19 for years;

they are still doing this task.
a.had been b. have c. have been d. were
16. A long time has passed.....................I saw him.
a. as long as b. because c. since d .until
17. Rashed.....................as a doctor for the last ten years.
a. has been working b. worked c. had worked d. is working
18. We...................our old friends for a year. They are too busy.
a. hadn't met b. have met c. haven't met d .haven't been met
19...................I…the Olympic Games all evening and now I'm going to bed.
a.was watching b.been watching c. have watched d.watched
20. Sara….........to call Zeina all afternoon, but each time she calls the
number is busy.
a. has been trying b. has tried c.tried d.is
trying 2-special cases
21. A terrible accident..............place on the Cairo- Alexandria desert road.
a. was taken b.has taken c.has been taken d.had taken
22. You needn't make food. I...............a good meal already
a.was cooking b.have cooked c.was cooked d .had cooked
23 It's been two had visited months since we...........our uncle in the
village.
a.had visited b. visited c. was visited d. visit
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24. My friend…..........a health problem since he lived in this highly

polluted area.
a. has had b. bad had c. had d.has been
25. Sorry for being late. Sir. Please, let me in; I...............in very bad
traffic.
a.have been b. have gone c. was been d.had been
26............................................................................................I haven't met the General

Manager..........................................................................It’s my first time to
meet him.
a. yet b. before c. already d. never
27. My uncle..............as a taxi driver for ten years. Now, he is a worker in

a big clothes factory.
a .worked b. was working c. has worked d. works
28. I haven't seen Wael.............the last time we met in the village.
a.while b.when c. for d. since
29. He wanted to know................I have been a member in this sports club.
a.since how long b. for how long c.for when d. how long ago
30. My car............down, so I have to call a mechanic at once.
a. was broken b .has broken c. had broken d .has been breaking
31...................I… the kitchen all morning and mum says it's still dirty.
a .have cleaned b. clean c.am cleaning d. have been cleaning
32.........................What your mother for her birthday tomorrow?
a.have you been buying b. have you bought c.you bought
d. had you bought
33...........................I started my job; I have met important people from all

over the world.
a.For b. Since c. Until d. When

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34. The committee members' disagreement............caused a serious

problem.
a.has b.have c.was d.were
35. Which of the following sentences is structurally correct?
a. I haven't seen him for the last time we met in the club.
b. I haven't seen him since the last time we met in the club.
C.I haven't seen him since the last time we have met in the club.
d. I didn't see him since the last time we met in the club.
36. Which of the following is structurally correct?
a. He is exhausted because he hadn't been working all day.
b. He was exhausted because he has been working all day.
c. He is exhausted because he has been working all day.
d. He is exhausted because he had worked all day.
37. Ali last caught fish when he was in Alexandria. This means that
………….
a. Ali didn't catch fish since he was in Alexandria.
b. Ali didn't catch fish when he was in Alexandria.
c. Ali hasn't caught fish since he was in Alexandria.
d. Ali has been catching fish since he returned from Alexandria.
38. My pen friend arrived at Cairo Airport a moment ago. This means
that he…………...
a. has just arrived b. just has arrived c. hasn't arrived d. will arrive
a.Have you already travelled to Aswan by ship
b. Have you ever travelled to Aswan by ship?
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c. I haven't already travelled to Aswan by ship.
d. I haven't travelled to Aswan by ship already.
a.Since years. I haven't played football. b. It's years since I have

last played football
c.It's years since I played football. d. I had played football years ago
41. She has been to America. This means that she..............there.
a.is still b. is no longer c. will be d. won't be
42. Mai has never flown before this time. This means ……...
a. It is the first time for Mai to fly
b. Mai has flown once before this time
c. We do not know if Mai has flown before or not
d. Mai has flown before that time
43. Rodayna is the cleverest girl I have ever known. This means ……....
a. Rodayna is as clever as some girls I have known before.
b. Rodayna is less clever than some girls I have known before.
c. Rodayna is cleverer than some girls I have known before.
d. Rodayna is cleverer than all girls I have known before.
44. I have never eaten such a delicious meal. I mean that……….
a.I am not enjoying the meal I am eating
b. I am enjoying the meal I am eating
c. The meal I am eating is not delicious
d. The meal I am eating is not as delicious as meals I have eaten before
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45. I have never gone fishing. This means………….
a. This is the first time for me to go fishing. b. I haven't ever gone

fishing
c. I went fishing but I can't remember. d. I have ever gone fishing.
46. My wife hasn't gone out since Friday. This means…………....
a .My wife last went out on Friday. b. My wife didn't go out on Friday.
c.My wife has gone out on Friday. d. My wife hasn't gone out on Friday.
47. I have lived in Edfu since 1999. This means…………. .
a.I lived in Edfu in 1999. b. I have been lived in Edfu since 1999.
c.I started to live in Edfu in 1999. d. I left Edfu in 1999.
PART IV LANGUAGE
Past Simple and Past Continuous
1-Past simple: active and passive
‫ المبنى للمعلوم والمبني للمجهول‬: ‫الماضي البسيط‬

Active ‫المبنى للمعلوم‬
‫ إثبات‬Subj.‫ الفاعل‬+ s.c‫ التصريف الثاني للفعل‬.

- Tom bought some books.
‫نفى‬.Subj‫ الفاعل‬+inf.. +didn't‫المصدر‬

-Fredrik didn't play chess last weekend.
.‫) ( للنفى القاطع لحدوث شيء في الماضي ويأتي بعدها التصريف الثاني‬never ‫الحظ استخدام‬
When I was in primary school, I never went to school late. Passive
‫للمجهول المبني‬
Object ‫ المفعول‬+was/ were+ p.p…. .
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Some books were bought (by Tom).
-Chess wasn't played (by Fredrik) last week. -Some books were
bought (by Tom).
-Chess wasn't played (by Fredrik) last week.
Interrogative‫سؤال ب"هل" االستفهام‬
Did+ subj+ inf...?
- Did you finish your paragraph?
-Yes, I did. -No, I didn't.
.Q.W ‫اداة استفهام‬+inf….? subj. +did+
- Where did you park your car, Maya?
: didn't) / (did ‫) بعد‬int.( ‫ البد أن يكون الفعل فى المصدر‬: ‫تذكر‬

-I didn't have a car when I was young. - Did you feel worried about the
exams?
- How did you cook that delicious meal?
1. Sama...............me with my homework two hours ago.
a. helped b. was helped c. helps d. am helped
2.............I… with my homework two hours ago.
a. helped b. was helped c. helps d. am helped
3...................I… lunch. Mum did that.
a. cooked b. was cooked c. didn't cook d. wasn't cooked
4. Lunch.............................by me. Mum did that.
a. cooked b. was cooked c. didn't cook d. wasn't
cooked 5.the children to school in your car?
a. You took b. Did you take c. You were taken d. Were you taken
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6.................to school in your car?
a. You took b. Did you take c. The children were taken
d. Were the children taken
7. A: What..............to solve the problem? B: I paid the bill.
a. you did b. did you do c. you were done d. done
8. A: What...............to solve the problem? B: I paid the bill.
a. you did b. did you c. you were done d. was done
Uses of the Past Simple‫البسيط الماضي استخدامات‬
:‫حيث بدأ وانتهى في الماضي‬1 -
-President Sadat took the decision of war in October 1973.
:‫سرد أحداث وقعت في الماضي‬2 -
-Yesterday evening, I did my homework. Then I watched a film. Finally, I

went to bed.
):‫في الحالة الشرطية الثانية )للتعبير عن حدث غير محتمل فى الحاضر‬3 -

- If I had a car, I'd drive you to school.
:‫يستخدم مع الماضي البسيط تعبيرات زمنية مثل‬4 -
yesterday /in the past /ago‫ منذ‬/always /last‫الماضى‬/ sometimes /once ‫ذات‬
‫مره‬/ usually/ the other day /often/ in 2012...etc.
Notes Important ‫مالحظات هامه‬
:‫ للتعبير عن عادات كانت فى الماضى لم تعد موجودة اآلن‬to (used + ).inf( ‫تستخدم‬1 -
-When I was young. I used to spend the weekend in the countryside.
-When I was young. I didn't use to spend the weekend in Cairo.
:‫ لتدل على أن شئ ما كان معتادا في الماضى‬to+n./inf.+ing) used (was/were ‫تستخدم‬2 -

-They were used to working in the fields.
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-I was used to eating salty food.
‫لتدل على التعود(أى أن شيئا لم‬to+n./inf.+ing) +used (got/became/grew ‫تستخدم‬3 -

)‫يعد غريبا أوصعبا‬
-Adam got used to the hot weather of Aswan.
-I became used to living in the desert.
:‫الحظ أن‬4 -
Subj.+used to inf…….
=Subj.+ no longer + inf. (inf.+s/es/ies) …….
=Subj+ don't/ doesn't+ inf......any more/ any longer.
-I used to go to bed late.
=I no longer go to bed late. =I don't go to bed late any

more.
:‫ بمعني (يستخدم في) في الصيغة التاليه‬to (used ) ‫الحظ استخدام‬

Obj.‫ مفعول‬+be+used + to+ inf./ for+ (inf. + ing)
-A knife is used to cut food. (Not: is used to
cutting) Choose the correct answer from a, b, c or d:
1. Leen used............her best at school.
a .do b. to do c .to doing d .doing
2. Leen got used.................her best at school
a .do b. to do c .to doing d .doing
3. I...........watching football matches in the stadium.
a .am used to b. used to c. used for d. was used for
4. Cotton was used..........paper
a.for making b. to making c. to make d.a&c
5. I...............some old friends the other day
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a. meet b. met c.have met d.am meeting
Extra Notes ‫إضافية مالحظات‬
‫) كفعل‬did( ‫ ( وال تستخدم‬were) / was ‫ تستخدم‬، ‫) في الماضي البسيط‬be( ‫بالنسبة للفعل‬

:‫مساعد في النفي أو السؤال‬
She was late yesterday. )‫(اثبات‬
-She didn't be late yesterday.  - Where did you be yesterday? 
-She wasn't late yesterday.  -Where were you yesterday? 
‫) معهما كفعل مساعد في النفي والسؤال‬did( ‫) فى الماضى البسيط تستخدم‬had( ‫بالنسبة للفعل‬1 -
-I had meat for lunch. ( ‫)اثبات‬
-I hadn't meat for lunch.  -Had you meat for lunch? 
-I didn't have meat for lunch.  - Did you have meat for lunch? 
‫) قبل الفعل األساسي في الجمل المثبتة بشكل بالغى للتأكيد على المعنى‬did( ‫يمكن استخدام‬2 -
:‫المقصود‬
-Mariam did want to go to the party, but she had to look after her baby
sister.
=Mariam wanted to go to the party, but she had to look after her baby
sister.
:‫يستخدم الماضي البسيط بعد التعبيرات اآلتية للتعبير عن شيء غير متحقق في الواقع‬3 -
I wish/It's (high/about due) time/I'd rather+ subj. ‫ بسيط ماضى‬+‫فاعل‬
-I wish I were a doctor. I don't earn enough money as an engineer.
-It's time the secretary sent the report. I don't know why she hasn't sent
it yet.
-I would rather you didn't call me so late. I go to bed early.
‫يستخدم الماضي التام و ليس الماضي البسيط بعد التعبيرات السابقة في حالة استخدام تعبير زمنى‬4 -
: ‫دال على الماضي‬
-I wish I had taken a rest yesterday,
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:‫’ يستخدم فعل فى المصدر وليس ماضي بسيط‬rather) (d ‫في حالة عدم وجود فاعل بعد‬
-I'd rather stay at home in such bad weather. (Not: stayed)
1. Mr. Ahmed............at home yesterday.
a.hasn't been b. didn't be c.wasn't d. wasn't being
2....................She any drinks for breakfast this morning.
a.haven't b.hadn't c.didn't have d. had
3. I called you because I..............who took your tablet.
a.will know b.did know c. knows d. knowing
4..........................................I'd rather you my tablet.
a.don't take b. haven't taken c. hadn't taken d. didn't take
5. I'd rather you..................my tablet yesterday.
a. don't take b. haven't taken c. hadn't taken d. didn't take
‫ للمجهول‬passive and active Continuous: Past 2 ‫المبنى للمعلوم والمبنى‬:‫الماضي المستمر‬

Active A‫المبنى للمعلوم‬
Subj. ‫الفاعل‬+ was/were+ (inf. + ing)… .
-She was watching a film at nine o'clock yesterday.
B Passive ‫للمجهول المبنى‬
Object ‫ المفعول‬+ was/ were+ being + P.P.
-A film was being watched (by her) at nine o'clock yesterday.
Uses of the Past Continuous‫المستمر الماضي استخدامات‬
:‫التعبير عن حدث كان مستمرا في وقت معين في الماضي‬1 -
-I was having lunch at two o'clock yesterday.
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:‫التعبير عن حدث كان مستمرا في وقت معين في الماضي عندما قطعه (وقع) حدث أخر‬2 -
-I was reading a story when I fell asleep in my chair.
: )‫التعبير عن أحداث متزامنة (حدثين كانا مستمرين فى نفس الوقت في الماضي‬3 -
-I was watching a match on TV while my children were playing in the

garden.
1. At four yesterday, the mechanic.....my car engine.
a.checks b. is checked c. was checking d. was being checked
2. At four yesterday, my car engine…………. .
a.checks b. is checked c. was checking d. was being checked
3. My shirt was….............roned yesterday at 9:30.
a. be b. been c. being d. having
4. While Salma was swimming in the pool, her brother.............to music.
a. listens b. was listening c. is listening d. listen
5. What.................when I saw you yesterday?
a. happened b. has happened c. was happened d. happens
Extra Notes ‫إضافية مالحظات‬
:‫الحظ استخدام الروابط الزمنية التالية مع الماضي المستمر و الماضي البسيط‬1 -
:‫للتعبير عن حدث كان مستم ً را وقطعه حدث آخر‬.‫أ‬
While/As/Just as / When + past (continuous), past simple
-While/ As/Just as he was doing his homework, a friend phoned him.
= A friend phoned him while / as just as he was doing his homework.

When + past simple, past (continuous)
-When a friend phoned him, he was doing his homework.
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=He was doing his homework when a friend phoned him.
:‫للتعبير عن حدثين كانا مستمرين في نفس الوقت في الماضي‬.‫ب‬
cont. past + as While/As/Just ‫ماضى مستمر‬cont. +past ‫ماضى مستمر‬
-While she was drawing a picture, her sister was singing.
‫الحظ ما يلى جيدا‬2 -

While + sentence ‫كاملة جملة‬...
While + (inf. +ing) (‫)اسم وليس‬
ing, phrase noun / During+noun(‫) وليس فعال منتهيا‬
-While I was watching the film, I fell asleep.
=While watching the film. I fell asleep. = During the film, I fell asleep.
‫) أو أي رابطة‬while( ‫ بعد‬ing) + (in ‫البد أن يكون الفاعل موحد في الجملتين عند استخدام‬3 -
:‫أخرى حتى يكون المعنى واضح وصحيح‬
-While she was preparing lunch, she cut her finger.)‫(الفاعل نفس‬
= While preparing lunch, she cut her finger. )‫(المعنى نفس‬
-While Ahmed was doing homework, I went to bed. (‫)مختلفين فاعلين‬
= While doing homework. I went to bed.
) ‫ القارئ سيفهم أننى ذهبت للنوم بينما كنت أقوم بعمل الواجب المنزلي‬:‫(معنى مختلف‬
When + sentence.‫كاملة جملة‬ When + (inf.+ing) On+noun/(inf.+ing)
-When I arrive home, I drink some orange juice.
-When arriving home, I drink some orange juice.

-On arriving home, I drink some orange juice.
=On my arrival home, I drink some orange juice.

.‫ تستخدم مع األحداث المتكررة فقط كما في األمثلة السابقة‬ing) + (When : ‫الحظ أن‬
+While‫حرف جر‬+ noun ‫اسم‬
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-While on holiday, I forgot all about work. -While in the office, I

met some customers.
1...............I was taking a shower; my phone rang twice.
a.While b.When c.During d.a&b
2.I was taking a shower..............my phone rang twice.
a.while b. when C.during d.a&b
3...................my shower, my phone rang twice.
a.While b.When c.During d.a&b
4...................doing homework, she usually had her glasses on
a.While she was b .While c.When d.a.b&c
5..........my departure, I felt very nervous and even sad.
a. While b. On c.When d.
As Extra Notes ‫إضافية مالحظات‬
‫ المشاعر ويستخدم بدال من‬/ ‫ اإلدراك‬/ ‫غالبا ا ل تستخدم األزمنة المستمرة مع األفعال التقريرية التملك‬
:‫ ومن هذه األفعال‬،‫ذلك األزمنة البسيطة‬
Feeling ‫المشاعر‬:
like /dislike love/ hate prefer/ enjoy want/ wish etc.
Senses ‫الحواس‬:
hear smell sound appear look see feel taste seem etc.
Communication‫ التواصل‬:
promise surprise deny satisfy agree disagree etc.
Possession‫ الملكية‬:
possess =have= own
Thinking‫ اإلدراك‬:
58
realize know think = believe imagine remember understand

mean recognize forget
states Other‫ األفعال التقريريه األخرى‬:
be belong depend concern involve matter need owe
-I was understanding the lesson well. 

-I understood the lesson well.
1. Her father was eighty years old when he…………... .
a. has died b. had died c. died d .was dying
2. My uncle.................as a sales manager for ten years, but now he has his
own business.
a. had worked b. is working c. has worked d .worked
3. While I....................lunch, someone knocked on the door.
a. had b. was having c. did have d. am having
4. After he had examined the athlete, the doctor............him permission

to join the competition.
a. gave b. given c. had given d. gives
5. I felt really sick...................the party, so I went home.
a. while b. when c. during d. on
6. What................at 10 pm yesterday?
a. are you doing b. were you doing
c. have you done d. you were doing
7. When we arrived, the manager...............an urgent task. We had to wait

for a few minutes to meet him.
a. had done b. is doing c. was doing d. have done
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8. Grandpa.................do the gardening every morning, but now he is too

tired.
a. use to b. should c. used to d . will
9. I...............dinner when Akram arrived, so I warmly asked him to share

the meal with me.
a .had b.am having c. was having d .had had
10. My sister..............her university degree in 2019.
a. was getting b. has got c. got d. had got
11. She..............dinner when we returned home.
a. doesn't make b. wasn't made c. isn't making d. wasn't making
12. Mr. Ashraf.................to the club yesterday.
a.go b. goes c. went d. has gone
13. My uncle...............me at two yesterday as arranged.
a. called b. calling c. calls d. is calling
14. My uncle did not...................me at two yesterday as arranged.
a. called b. calling c. calls d. call
15. A: Did Mr. Walid................to help? B: I have no idea.
a. offered b. offer c.has offered d. have offered
16. Where..................this nice blouse, Sama?
a. you got b. did you get c. you had got d.b&c
17. I.............with my own homework.
a. help b.helped c. was helped d. have helped
18. Rokaya, who is 16, was born ……………..
a. the other day b. sixteen years c. once upon a time d. in 2007
19. I ran into Rokaya………… .
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a. behind the time b. sixteen years c. the other day d. since 2005
20. Much noise................when I arrived.
a .has made b. were made c. was making d. was being made
21. The hair of the little girl's doll was………...
a. combing b. been combing c.being combed d. been combed
22. From seven to eleven, Leen........her lessons.
a. was revising b. was revised c.has revised d. was being revised
23. From seven to eleven, Leen's lessons………... .
a. were revising b. have been revised c. have revised
d. were being revised
24. I used.................up before sunrise.
a.get b. to get c. to getting d. to be got
25. It's time we................our lessons.
a. study b. will study c. studying d .studied
26..............................I wish I the meeting yesterday.
a .had attended b. have attended c.attend d. attended
27. My mother............the table for lunch when I arrived home, so I

helped her.
a. set b. has set c. was setting d .is setting
28. My mother...........the table for lunch, then she called us.
a .had set b .has set c. was setting d. is setting
29. She hurts....................her thumb, didn't she?
a.hurts b. hurt c.didn't hurt d. has hurt
61
30............., Ali?
a.Did you feed b. Were you fed c. Were you feeding d. You were fed
31....................Ali?
a. Did you feed b. Were you fed
c.Were you being fed d. You were fed
32. I always.................up early when I was a primary school student.
a. get b. got c. have got d .had got
33. A sharp knife is used..................meat.
a.to cut b. to cutting c.cut d. cutting
34. I….............who had broken the glass window.
a. knew b. was knowing c. did know d.a&c
35. I wish I................a larger car.
a. have b. had c. am having d. had had
36. It is high time he......................home.
a. return b .returns c.returned d .had returned
37. I wish you.................me to lend you money. You embarrass me.
a .was asked b. didn't ask c. had asked d. hadn't asked
38. I wish you.................me to lend you money. You only embarrassed me.
a. asked b. didn't ask c. have asked d. hadn't asked
39......................on holiday. I had a nice time.
a .While b. During c.As d. Just as
40.........................their father's arrival, the children cheered.
a. When b. While c. On d. During
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41. I….................my parents.
a .loved b. was loved c. was loving d. was being loved
42. My car..................down midways.
a. was breaking b. was broken c. had broken d. broke
43. "Mr. Mohammed used to like hot pepper in his food." This
means he………....
a .likes it now b .like it now c. no longer liked
it d .no longer likes it
44. "Mr. Mohammed didn't use to like hot pepper in his food." This
means he ………...
a .likes it now b. doesn't like it now c. no longer liked it
d. no longer likes it
45. "I wish I were rich." The speaker.................rich.
a. is b. isn't c. was d. wasn't
46. "I wish I had got up early yesterday." The speaker…………...
a.got b.didn't get c .has got d.never gets
47. "When I was at home, I forgot all about work." What does this mean?
a. While at home, I forgot all about work.
b. During home. I forgot all about work.
c. On home. I forgot all about work.
d. When on home, I forgot all about work.
Choose the correct answer from a, b, c or
d:
1. What have you..............that you would like to do?
a. ever done b. done ever c. never done d. done never
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.............Hurghada, I went diving every day.
64
a. On b. While c. While in d. During
3............my stay with my aunt. I helped her with the housework.
a. During b. While c. As d. By
4. I..............the cold weather of Canada.
a. used to b. didn't use to c. got used to d. was using
5. There's a charger.........to the mobile.
a. was attached b. attached c. attaching d. which attached
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Part 2
3-Writing
‫مقدمة‬
Skills
1-Punctuation 2-Paragraph Writing
3-Essay Writing 4-Email Writing
5-Business Letter 6- CV (Curriculum Vitae)
Punctuation - I‫عالمات الترقيم‬
marks: punctuation important Most‫أهم عالمات الترقيم النص‬
Type Punctuation Mark Meaning

General capital letters A, B, C... ‫الحروف الكبيرة‬
Within apostrophe ‘ ‫الفاصلة العليا‬
Sentence comma , ‫الفاصلة السفلي‬
‫داخل الجملة‬ colon : ‫النقطتان‬
semi-colon ; ‫الفاصلة المنقوطة‬
hyphen - ‫الشرطة‬
dash -or- ‫الشرطة الطويلة‬
slash/stroke (/) or (\) ‫الشرطة المائلة‬
Enclosures quotation/speech “…..” ‫عالمات التنصيص‬
‫المرفقات‬ mark
Brackets/parentheses ( ) ‫األقواس المائلة‬
square brackets ] [ ‫األقواس المربعة‬
Sentence full stop/period . ‫النقطة‬
ending question mark ? ‫عالمة االستفهام‬
‫نهاية الجملة‬ exclamation mark ! ‫عالمة التعجب‬
Spacing and spacing ‫ترك المسافات‬

Paragraph paragraph breaks ‫فواصل الفقرات‬
breaks ‫المسافات‬
‫وفواصل الفقرات‬
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1- Capitalization
‫ سواء كان موقعه في بداية الجملة أو وسطها أو‬،‫( كحرف كبير‬I) ‫البد من كتابة ضمير المتكلم‬1 -
: ‫نهايتها‬
-I go to the club once a week. - Ayman and I like football.
: ‫أول حرف في الجملة الخبرية‬2 -
-My father is a doctor. - Lions are meat-eating animals.
:‫أول حرف في السؤال‬3 -
angry? you are Why‫سؤال بأداة استفهام‬
Do you speak English? (‫) هل« به سؤال‬
:‫أول حرف في جملة األمر والنهي‬4 -
-Use my book to learn well and get high marks.
- Don't/Never eat too much sugar.
(!) ‫( أو عالمة االستفهام )?( أو عالمة التعجب‬.) ‫أول حرف في الجملة التي تأتي بعد النقطة‬5 -
-Abdulrahman is thin. He doesn't eat much.
- Why is she unhappy? Has she heard bad news?
- Watch out! You are going to drop the dishes.
sky. the :(‫أول حرف في كل سطر شعري (حتى لو لم يكن يبدأ جملة جديدة‬6-
in up stars million A
One shines brighter - I can't deny.
A love so precious, a love so true,
A love that comes from me to you.
:‫ سواء كان موقعه في بداية الجملة أو وسطها أو نهايتها‬،‫أول حرف في أسماء األشخاص‬7 -
- I saw Omar in the street. -My daughter is called Rodayna.
67
‫‪MICHAEL ATEF‬‬ ‫‪01227670926‬‬ ‫‪7AREEF ENGLIZY‬‬ ‫‪THANAWEYA AMMAH‬‬
‫‪8 -‬أول حرف في اللقب الذي يتبعه اسم شخص سواء كان موقع اللقب في بداية الجملة أو وسطها أو‬
‫نهايتها‪:‬‬
‫‪- I read about King Farouk.‬‬
‫المؤتمر ‪- We saw Dr Alaa in the conference‬‬

‫?‪- Do you think Mr. Mohammed is busy‬‬
‫‪-‬عندما يبدأ اللقب بحرف (‪ )Capital‬دون وجود اسم شخص بعده فيكون المقصود به شخص‬
‫متعارف عليه في هذا المكان‬
‫)‪-I visited Saudi Arabia and met the King. (= The King of Saudi Arabia‬‬
‫‪9 -‬أول حرف في أسماء البحار والبحيرات والمحيطات واألنهار‪ ،‬سواء كان موقعها في بداية الجملة أو‬
‫وسطها أو نهايتها‪:‬‬
‫‪-The Atlantic Ocean is west of Africa.‬‬
‫‪-I want to know where Lake Victoria is.‬‬
‫‪-The Red Sea is famous for coral reefs.‬‬
‫‪-To Egypt the water of the River Nile is a matter of existence.‬‬
‫‪- know that France is in Europe.‬‬
‫‪- 10‬أول حرف في أسماء األعالم (أي أسماء أو ألقاب األشخاص واألماكن والمؤسسات‪ ،‬سواء كان‬
‫موقعها في بداية الجملة أو وسطها أو نهايتها‪:‬‬
‫‪-I visited the Plants Island in Aswan.‬‬
‫‪-Cairo Tower was built in the 1960s.‬‬
‫‪11-‬أول حرف في أسماء الجنسيات‪ ،‬سواء كان موقعها في بداية الجملة أو وسطها أو نهايتها‪:‬‬
‫‪-I am Egyptian.‬‬ ‫‪-Japanese people are energetic.‬‬
‫‪12-‬أول حرف في األسماء أو الصفات الدالة علي الديانات‪ ،‬سواء كان موقعها في بداية الحملة أو‬
‫وسطها أو نهايتها‬
‫‪-You know that Muslims, Christians and Jews follow heavenly religions.‬‬
‫‪13-‬أول حرف في أسماء اللغات‪ ،‬سواء كان موقعها في بداية الجملة أو وسطها أو نهايتها ‪fluently.‬‬
‫‪Arabic and English speaks John‬‬
‫‪68‬‬
‫‪14 -‬أول حرف من الكلمات الهامة في عناوين الكتب والمقاالت واألفالم والروايات وغيرها‬
‫?'‪-Have you read "King Lear' or 'Journey to the Centre of the Earth‬‬
‫‪-I have read an article entitled 'How to Use Capital Letters'.‬‬
‫‪-‬الحظ كما في األمثلة السابقة أن حروف الجر وأدوات التعريف والتنكير وأدوات الربط والتخيير مثل(‪ )and/or‬غالباً‬
‫ليست كلمات هامة وال تبدأ بحرف(‪ )Capital‬في العناوين‬
‫‪15 -‬أول حرف في أسماء أيام األسبوع واختصاراتها‪ ،‬سواء كان موقعها في بداية الجملة أو وسطها‬
‫أو نهايتها‪:‬‬
‫‪-I do not go to the club on Fridays.‬‬
‫‪ 16 -‬أول حرف في أسماء شهور السنة واختصاراتها‪ ،‬سواء كان موقعها في بداية الجملة أو وسطها‬
‫أو نهايتها‪:‬‬
‫‪-Mr. Mohammed was born on September 26th, 1976.‬‬
‫)‪-Our great soldiers crossed the Suez Canal on 6th October. (British‬‬
‫)‪-Our great soldiers crossed the Suez Canal on October 6th. (American‬‬
‫‪17-‬أول حرف فى أسماء القارات والدول والعواصم والمدن‪ ،‬سواء كان موقعها في بداية الجملة أو‬
‫وسطها أو نهايتها‪:‬‬
‫‪-Britain, whose capital London, is in Europe.‬‬
‫‪-I enjoyed my visit to Dubai.‬‬
‫‪18-‬أول حرف من الكلمات الدالة على الفترات واألحداث التاريخية الهامة‪:‬‬
‫‪-I studied the Ice Age.‬‬
‫‪19-‬أول حرف من أسماء الكتب المقدسة‪:‬‬
‫‪-He always carries a copy of the Holy Quran .‬‬

‫‪-The Bible is also called the Holy Book.‬‬
‫‪ 20-‬أول حرف من أسماء األعياد‪:‬‬
‫‪- Eid Al-Fitr, Eid Al-Adha, Sham El-Nessim and Christmas are‬‬
‫‪important festivals.‬‬
‫‪69‬‬
: ‫أول حرف في أسماء الماركات الشهيرة (مثل السيارات والتليفزيونات والهواتف المحمولة‬21-
-I used to have a Nokia, but now I have an Oppo.
‫ سواء كان موقعها في بداية الجملة أو وسطها أو‬،‫جميع حروف اختصارات الدول والمؤسسات‬22-
:‫نهايتها‬
-I am a citizen of the ARE (= A.R.E. = Arab Republic of Egypt).
-The UN ‫ المتحدة األمم‬is in the USA (= U.S.A. = United States of America).

(United Nations) -
:‫جميع حروف اختصارات بعض الكلمات والمصطلحات مثل‬23 -
-TV = television - OK = okay
- CD = compact disc - IT = information technology
- CV= Curriculum Vitae
: ‫) لبعض التعبيرات مثل‬Acronyms( ‫جميع حروف اختصارات األحرف األولي‬24 -
-SOS = Save our souls ‫أنقذونا‬ - LOL = Laugh out loud.
: )capital( ‫البد أن تبدأ الجملة الكاملة داخل عالمات التنصيص بحرف‬25 -

-"Do your homework, Ahmed," said mum.
‫) الحظ‬capital( ‫الحظ أنه إذا كان الكالم داخل عالمات التنصيص ليس جملة كاملة فال يبدأ بحرف‬-
: -‫المثال التالي‬
"How are you?" I asked my grandfather. He replied, "old, weak and

unable to walk".
‫الحظ أنه إذا كان الكالم داخل عالمات التنصيص مقسوم على جزئين فإن الجزء الثاني ال يبدأ بحرف‬
:‫التالي المثال الحظ‬-(capital)
"Keep quiet," said Malak. "Because the baby is asleep".
Exercise On Using the Capital letters
Choose the correct answer from a, b, c or
d:
1. Which of the following always starts with a capital letter?
70
a. Egypt b. A question c. school d. a & b
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2. Which of the following is a pronoun?
a.i b. I c. i's d. is
3. Which of the following always starts with a capital letter?
a. Furniture names c. The first letter of a statement.
b. The last letter in a question d. The first letter of an invention.
4. Which of the following has the perfect punctuation?
a. Oh, my god! Are you sure this car is Ayman's?
b. Oh, my god! are you sure this car is Ayman's!
c. oh, my god! are you sure this car is Ayman's?
d. Oh, my god! Are you sure this car is Aymans'?
5. Choose the sentence with the correct punctuation:
a. my favorite book is El-Mohandes.
b. My favorite book is el-mohandes.
c. My favorite book is El-mohandes?
d. My favorite book is El-Mohandes.
a. where do you live, Ahmed. c. Where do you live, Ahmed.
b. where do you live, Ahmed? d. Where do you live. Ahmed?
7. Sama............
a. Open your mouth, c., open your mouth.
b. , Open your mouth. d. Open your

mouth?
8........................Sama.
a. Open your mouth, b. Open your mouth.
c., open your mouth. d. open your mouth,

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a. what? you must be joking. c. What? You must be joking!
b. What? you must be joking! d. What? You must be joking?
10. Which of the following is perfectly punctuated?
a. open the door. b. Open the door Sama.
c. Open the door, sama. d. Sama, open the door.
11. In which of the following sentences, does the speaker ask someone
to help Mr. Ashraf?
a. Can you help. Mr. Ashraf! c. Can you help, Mr. Ashraf?
b. Can you help Mr. Ashraf? d. Can you help Mr. Ashraf?
12. In which of the following sentences, does the speaker ask Mr.
Ashraf to help someone?
a. Can you help, Mr. Ashraf! b. Can you help Mr. Ashraf?
c. Can you help, Mr. Ashraf? d. Can you help Mr. Ashraf?
13. Which of the following is perfectly punctuated?
a. I know that queen Elizabeth was crowned in 1952.
b. I know that, queen Elizabeth was crowned in 1952.
c. I know that Queen Elizabeth was crowned in 1952.
d. I know that, Queen Elizabeth was crowned in 1952.
a. The great pyramid is one of the world's ancient wonders.
b. The Great Pyramid is one of the world's ancient wonders.
c. The Great Pyramid is one of the worlds' ancient wonders.
d. The great Pyramid is one of the world's ancient wonders.
73
a. I know that Mr. Walid is a teacher in Edfu secondary school for boys.
b. I know that Mr. Walid is a teacher in Edfu Secondary School for Boys.
c. I know that mr Walid is a teacher in Edfu Secondary School for Boys.
d. I know that Mr. Walid is a teacher in Edfu secondary School for boys.
a. are you egyptian?
c. Are you Egyptian?
b. Are you Egyptian!
d. Are you, Egyptian?
a. I study languages at Cairo university.
b. I study Languages at Cairo University.
c. I study chinese at Cairo university.
d. I study Chinese at Cairo university.
a. The president welcomed king Abdullah of jordan.
b. The President welcomed King Abdullah of Jordan.
c. The president welcomed King Abdullah of Jordan.
d. The President welcomed king Abdullah of Jordan.
a. we studied black beauty in prep. 3.
b. We studied black beauty in prep. 3.
c. We studied Black Beauty in prep. 3.
74
d. We studied black Beauty in prep. 3
a. This film is called 'Million Dollar Baby'.
b. This film is called, 'Million Dollar Baby'.
c. This film is called 'Million-dollar baby'.
d. This film is called 'million dollar baby'.
a. Have you ever read 'one hundred and one nights'?
b. Have you ever read 'One Hundred and One Nights"?
c. Have you ever read 'One Hundred And One Nights'?
d. Have you ever read 'One Hundred and One Nights".
a. I've got a part-time job for Saturday, Monday and Wednesday.
b. I've got a part-time job for Saturday, Monday, and Wednesday.
c. I've got a part-time job for saturday, monday and wednesday.
d. a & b
23. Suspect: ……………… .
- Judge: In 2021, February was only twenty-eight days.
a. I left the country on February 29th, 2021.
b. I left the country on 29th February, 2021.
c.a&b
d. I left the country on 29th, february, 2021.
a. I talked to a man who fought in, the Second World War.
75
b. I talked to a man who fought in the Second World War.
c. I talked to a man who fought in the Second World war.
d. I talked to a man who fought in the second world war.
25. It is very hot in Egypt in ……………... .
a. june, july and august. b. June, July, and August.
c. June, July and August. d.b&c
a. The High Dam, which is in the south of Egypt, was completed in 1970.
b. The High Dam which is in the south of Egypt was completed in 1970.
c. The high dam, which is in the south of Egypt, was completed in 1970.
d. The high dam which is in the south of Egypt was completed in 1970.
27. You know that.................
a. mr Ayman has a mercedes, not a bmw.
b. Mr Ayman has a mercedes, not a bmw.
c. Mr Ayman has a Mercedes, not a BMW.
d. Mr Ayman has a Mercedes, not a Bmw.
a. Yacoub El-Saadi is a citizen of the UAE.
b. Yacoub El-Saadi is a citizen of the U.A.E.
c. Yacoub El-Saadi is a citizen of the United Arab Emirates.
d. a, b & c
29. I am from...................I am Egyptian.
a. Are b. A.r.e c. ARE d. a.re
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30……… is short for 'curriculum vitae'.
a. Cv b. cVc. c.C.v. d.CV
31..............' is an acronym for 'Oh, my god!".
a. OMG b. Omg c. O.m.g d .omg
a. "Why," I asked, "Don't you care?"
b. "Why," I asked, "don't you care?"
c. "Why?" I asked, "don't you care?"
d. "Why" I asked, "don't you care?"
a. "Why don't you care" I asked. "You are kind-hearted!"
b. "Why don't you care," I asked. "You are kind-hearted!"
c. "Why don't you care?" I asked. "You are kind-hearted!"
d. "Why don't you care?" I asked. "you are kind-hearted!"
a. "Stop" I said. b. "stop" I said.
c. "Stop" I said. d. "Stop," I said.
35. Sama said that the game is…………. .
a. "not over" and that "she will win."
b. "Not over" and that "She will win."
c. "Not over," and that "She will win."
d. "Not over," and that, "She will win."
77
‫عالمات الترقيم داخل الجملة‪Sentence Within Punctuation 2‬‬
‫‪Punctuation Within Sentence‬‬
‫النقطتان ‪ -Colon 2‬الفاصلة العليا ‪Apostrophe-1‬‬ ‫الفاصلة السفلى‪-Comma 3‬‬
‫الشرطة المائلة‪ -Slash 6‬الواصالت‪ Dash & 5-Hyphen‬الفاصلة المنقوطة‪Semi-Colon-4‬‬
‫الفاصلة العليا‪-apostrophe(’) The 1‬‬
‫وتستخدم )‘( في الحاالت التالية‪:‬‬
‫‪1 -‬في النفي المختصر لبعض األفعال المساعدة والناقصة‪:‬‬

‫‪-are not = aren't‬‬ ‫‪- will not = won't‬‬ ‫‪- does not = doesn't‬‬
‫‪2 -‬في اختصارات الضمائر مع بعض األفعال‪:‬‬

‫‪- I am = I ‘m‬‬ ‫‪- We have = we've‬‬ ‫‪- there is = there's‬‬
‫‪ 3 -‬فى (‘‪)s‬الملكية إذا كان اإلسم المفرد أو الجمع الذي ال ينتهي بـ )‪(s‬‬
‫‪ -The children's rooms‬الطالب كتاب ‪-The student's book‬‬
‫‪- Men's clothes‬‬
‫‪4 -‬للتعبير عن الملكية بعد (‪ )s‬في نهاية االسم الجمع‬

‫كتب الطالب ‪books students The‬‬
‫الحظ أن حسب بعض كتب القواعد فإن اإلسم المفرد الذي ينتهي بـ ) ‪ X( - s-ss‬يمكن أن نستخدم )‘(‬
‫فقط أو )‘‪ (s‬في نهايته للملكية‪:‬‬
‫‪- James' wedding = James's wedding‬‬
‫‪- the class' work =the class's work‬‬
‫‪5 -‬في جمع األعداد الحسابية (األعداد المكتوبة كأرقام‪(:‬‬
‫‪-Thousands of dollars = 1000's of dollars‬‬
‫‪- Tens of people = 10's of people‬‬
‫‪-‬لكن الحظ أن التعبير عن حقبة تكون من ‪ 10‬سنوات ال نستخدم(‪: )apostrophe‬‬

‫)‪- the 1990s) Not: the 1990's‬‬
‫‪78‬‬
:‫في جمع الحروف‬6 -

- How many i's are there in the word 'responsibility'?
7 - ‫) ؟‬responsibility(‫) في كلمة‬i( ‫كم عدد حروف‬-
‫( في نهاية اسم‬s‘) ‫ في حالة أن أكثر من شخص يخصهم نفس الشيء نستخدم‬-‫ أ‬:‫الحظ أن‬
:‫الشخص األخير فقط‬
-I went to Sama, Ahmed and Rodayna's house.
)‫) في المثال السابق نفهم أن سما وأحمد ورودينا يعيشون في نفس البيت‬
‫) في نهاية اسم‬s‘( ‫ في حالة أن أكثر من شخص يخص كل منهم شيء منفصل عن اآلخر نستخدم‬-‫ب‬
:‫كل منهم‬
-I went to Sama's, Ahmed's and Rodayna's house.
Apostrophe )‫) في المثال السابق نفهم أن سما وأحمد ورودينا يعيش كل منهم في بيت مستقل عن اآلخر‬
the Using On Exercise
1. This is.................villa.
a. Ahmed b. Ahmed's c. Ahmeds' d. Ahmeds
2. This villa belongs to the...........
a. Ahmed b. Ahmed's c. Ahmeds' d. Ahmeds
3. Mr. Mohammed is correcting his..............homework. Each student has

written two essays.
a. student b. students c. students' d. student's
4. I can't read...............handwriting.
a. Enas' b. Enas c. Enas's d. a & c
5....................................I have paid. of dollars for this house.
a. 1000's b. 1000s' c. 1000s d. a & c
6. The television became popular in Egypt in the…………….
79
a. 1960 b. 1960s c. 1960's d. 1960s'
7. I asked my little daughter to rewrite all the...............in her paragraph. I

showed her how to write the 'r' better.
a.r b. rs c.r's d. rs'
8. I asked Sama to clean.............room. It hadn't been cleaned for two

days.
a. Ahmeds and Abdulrahman's b. Ahmed and Abdulrahman's
c.Ahmed's and Abdulrahman's d. Ahmed's and Abdulrahmans
9. I asked Sama to clean.............rooms. They hadn't been cleaned for two

days.
a. Ahmeds and Abdulrahman's b. Ahmed and Abdulrahman's
c. Ahmed's and Abdulrahman's d. Ahmed's and Abdulrahmans
5-Translation
Choose the correct translation from a, b, c or d:
Translate into Arabic
All economic reforms aim to realize high rates of growth and

investment in a bid to create new jobs for youth.
‫تهدف جميع اإلصالحات االقتصادية إلى فهم معدالت نمو واستثمار عالية في محاولة إليجاد وظائف‬.‫أ‬
‫جديدة للشباب‬
‫تهدف جميع اإلصالحات االقتصادية إلى تحقيق معدالت نمو واستثمار عالية في محاولة إليجاد‬.‫ب‬
‫وظائف جديدة للشباب‬
‫تهدف جميع الصالحيات االقتصادية إلى تحقيق معدالت نمو واستثمار عالية في محاولة إليجاد‬.‫ج‬
‫وظائف جديدة للشباب‬
‫تهدف جميع األشكال االقتصادية إلى تحقيق معدالت نمو واستثمار عالية في محاولة إليجاد وظائف‬.‫د‬
‫جديدة للشباب‬
80
Translate into English
‫يعد اقبال المواطنين على شراء السلع بكميات كبيرة بغرض تخزينها في أوقات األزمات أحد أسباب‬
‫ارتفاع األسعار‬
a. Citizens' demand for large quantities of goods to be stored in times
of crisis is one of the reasons for the high cost.
b. Citizens' demand for large qualities of goods to be stored in times

of crisis is one of the reasons for the high prices.
c. Citizens' demand for large quantities of goods to be stored in times

of crises is one of the reasons for the high prices.
d. Citizens' demand for large quantities of goods to be sorted in times

of crisis is one of the reasons for the high prices,
6-Novel
Chapter 1
Main Characters:
Pip Village boy aspiring to more
Miss Havisham Rich, grim. secluded lady
Mrs. Joe Pip's cruel older
sister
Magwitch/Provis A convict and secret benefactor
Mr. Jaggers & Wemmick London lawyer and his
clerk
Joe Gargery Pip's kindhearted brother-in-law; a blacksmith
Estella Miss Havisham's ward: beautiful and aloof
List Characters ‫قائمة الشخصيات‬
Philip Pirrip (PIP) a young man; the main character

Mrs. Joe Pip's older sister
81
Joe Gargery the husband of Pip's older sister; a blacksmith
Mr Pumblechook/ Joe's uncle
82
Uncle Pumblechook
Biddy teacher and friend to Pip, Joe and Mrs Joe
Miss Havisham a rich, elderly lady
Estella a young lady who lives with Havisham's adopted
daughter /Miss Havisham/Miss
Sarah, Georgiana, Miss Havisham's relatives ‫أقارب‬
Camilla and
Raymond pocket
Orlick a man who works for Joe at the blacksmith
Mr Wopsle a friend of Mr and Mrs Gargery
Mr Jaggers a lawyer
Matthew pocket Miss Havisham's cousin; father of Herbert pocket; Pip's
teacher in London
Mr Wemmick Mr. Jagger's clerk
Sarah pocket a relative of Miss Havisham
Herbert pocket a relative of Miss Havisham; who pip will live with in
London/son of Pip's teacher / Pip's friend in London.
Startop a man who is staying with Herbert pocket and Pip/ Pip's
friend and house-mate
Bently Drummle a man who is staying with Herbert pocket and Pip/ Pip's
house-mate
Molly Mr Jaggers' housekeeper
Magwitch/Provis the convict Pip helped to escape
Campyson: Miss Arthur: Miss Havisham's half-brother
Havisham's escaped Two convicts
fiancé
CHAPTER (1) IN POINTS
1. Phillip Perrip (Pip) is the narrator, and the hero (main character)
in the novel.
2. Pip is an orphan ‫يتيم‬who lives with his sister, Mrs Joe.
3. Pip's parents and five of his brothers and sisters died when Pip
was very young, so he does not remember them.
4. Mrs Joe is not kind to her brother Pip, but Mr. Joe Gargery,
her husband, likes him.
5. Mrs Joe is always angry and she always complains about Pip.
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6. Mrs Joe is twenty years older than Pip.
7. Joe Gargery is the village blacksmith.
8. Pip goes to visit his parents' grave ‫قبر‬on Christmas Eve. ‫السنة رأس ليلة‬
9. He cries because he is sad and lonely.‫وحيد‬
10. When he is going home, he sees a convict ‫سجين‬in the marshes. ‫مستنقعات‬
.skin. his of out jumps Pip 11‫شعر بالخوف الشديد‬
12. The convict is called Magwitch (Provis).
13. Magwitch has escaped from a prison ship.‫سجناء سفينة‬
leg-irons. has Magwitch ‫قيود القدمين‬
15. Magwitch asks Pip about his name, where he lives and who he
lives with.
16. Magwitch asks Pip to bring him some food and a file. ‫حديد مبرد‬
17. Magwitch needs the file to take off ‫يزيل‬the leg-irons.
18. Pip promises to get him the food and the file and runs home.
19. Pip feels safe when he arrives home, but his sister is angry with
him as usual
20. Mrs. Joe, Pip's sister, does not like the idea of looking after him.
21. While working in the kitchen that night, Pip hears a sound
that warns the people in the village that a convict has escaped.
22. The next day is Christmas day and there is plenty of food in
the kitchen
23. Pip takes all the meat pie‫ اللحم فطيرة‬that he finds in the kitchen and a
file to give them to Magwitch.
24. Pip returns to the marshes to take the food and the file to Magwitch.
25. Before Pip sees Magwitch, he sees another convict, but they do
not talk to each other.
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26. Pip meets Magwitch, gives him the food and the file, and tells
him about the other convict.
27. After eating the food, Magwitch uses the file to remove the leg-irons.
28. Pip runs back home.
29. At home, Mrs. Joe was preparing the house for the guests. ‫الضيوف‬
30. Pip feels guilty ‫بالذنب يشعر‬for stealing the food and the file.
31. The guests arrive and Mrs. Joe invites them to try the meat pie.
32. Mrs. Joe goes to the kitchen to bring the meat pie.
33. Pip is horrified because he has taken all the meat pie to Magwitch.
34. Pip runs to the front door and opens it to go out to

escape punishment.
35. When Pip opens the front door, a group of soldiers enter.
36. The appearance of the soldiers makes the guests forget about the
pie.
37. The soldiers need a blacksmith to mend ‫يصلح‬some handcuffs. ‫كالبشات‬
38. The soldiers say they are looking for two escaped convicts. ‫سجينين‬
‫هاربين‬
39. The soldiers think the escaped convicts are hiding in the marshes.
40. Pip does not tell the soldiers that he has seen the convicts.
41. Joe mends the handcuffs.
42. The soldiers leave for the marshes; Pip and Joe follow them.
43. Both Pip and Joe hope that the soldiers won't find the convicts.
44. Suddenly, they hear angry shouts nearby.
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Important quotations
1- "What's your name, boy?" he shouted, walking slowly towards me.
The convict said that to Pip.
2- ‘Show me where you live!' said the man.
3- "Who do you live with?" The convict said that to Pip.
4- "My sister, sir-Mrs. Joe Gargery-she's the wife of Joe Gargery, the
blacksmith, sir." Pip said that to the convict
5- 'Do you know what a blacksmith's file is?' he asked.
6- ‘’I want you to bring me that file early tomorrow morning. And
some food, too. Then I will let you live! What do you say?"
7- 'You're lucky not to have been put in the graveyard long ago! It's
because of me that you're still here. But I didn't want to look after
you! It's bad enough being a blacksmith's wife. I never asked to be
your mother!" Mrs.Joe said that to Pip
8- "That noise was a warning to everyone in our village that

another convict has got away!" From the prison ships, Mrs. Joe
added.
Joe said that to Pip
9- "The pie has gone!'
Mrs.Joe said that to the attendants.
10- "We need a blacksmith to mend some handcuffs, please,' the first
soldier said. 'We're looking for two convicts who broke their
handcuffs and escaped. We think they are hiding out on the marshes,
although they probably won't try to get away until tonight."
The first soldier said that to the attendants.

86
11- 'I hope we don't find the convicts, Joe,' I said quietly.
Pip said that to Joe.
IV QUESTIONS & SUGGESTED ANSWERS
1. Why do you think Charles Dickens chose Pip as the narrator of

the story?
-I think he wanted to make the story more personal and believable.

When the hero is the narrator, it is easier for the writer to express the
inner feelings.
2. How would you describe the beginning of the story? Are you
enjoying it? Why?
-It is typical of Charles Dickens writings. It is full of gloom. loneliness,

and suffering. I really don't like this mood.
3 Why do you think Pip visited his parents' grave on Christmas Eve?
-I think he went to visit his parents' grave because he felt lonely and
sad. He missed his parents on that happy occasion.
4 .How does Dickens use the natural environment to reflect the

characters' feelings?
-Dickens used nature as a mirror that reflects and expresses the

characters' emotions. Pip's unfortunate circumstances and feelings are
introduced through nature around him; his afternoon was "cold" and
"grey, just like this period of Pip's life that was dark and sad. He felt
lonely, and being an orphan, he missed family warmth.
5. The relation between Pip and his sister and her husband
was strange. Do you agree or not? Why?
-I agree. Pip's sister, Mrs. Joe, did not like him. She was cruel to him.
Strangely, her husband was kind to him.
6. "Mrs. Joe wasn't very loving towards Pip." Do you agree with
this statement or not? Explain your answer.
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- I strongly agree. She was always cruel and angry with him.
7. "Then a man appeared from behind a grave. I nearly jumped out of
my skin!" What does "jumped out of my skin" mean?
- It means that Pip was extremely scared when he saw the convict
8. What is your impression of the man that Pip meets in the

graveyard? Clarify your answer.
-I feel he was a helpless person. A professional criminal wouldn't risk

his life asking a child for help.
9. How do you think Pip knew from the very beginning that the man
he saw in the graveyard was an escaped convict?
-The man had leg-irons on his legs and he wore old grey clothes.
10. Why do you think the escaped convict was very lucky to see Pip
in particular, not another child?
-I think because Pip lived in the house of a blacksmith, which made it

easier for him to get a file to the convict to take off his leg-irons.
11. If the escaped convict met another boy, would he ask for a file
or not? Why?
Perhaps not. The escaped convict only asked for a file when he knew
that Pip lived with a blacksmith.
12. Magwitch, the escaped convict, risked his life when he asked Pip
for help. Is this statement true or false in your opinion? Why?
-It is true. Asking a child to bring you food and a file the next morning
is not safe for an escaped convict. Pip could have told people about him.
13. How does Pip's replies to the convict show his fear?
- Pip's repetition of the word 'sir' and 'Joe Gargery' shows that he
was scared.
14. "Graveyard!" she shouted. "You're lucky not to have been put in
the graveyard long ago!"
88
What do you think Mrs. Joe means by these words? What does this
show about her attitude towards Pip?
- I think she means that Pip was lucky because he didn't die like his
other five brothers and sisters thanks to her. This shows she didn't
like the idea of looking after Pip after his parents' death.
15. What do you think of Mrs Joe as a sister and a wife? Give reasons
for your opinion.
-I think she was a bad sister. She was cruel to her little orphan brother.
She was also a bad example of wives. She didn't even like the idea of
being the wife of a blacksmith.
16. Why do you think some convicts were kept in prison ships at
that time?
- Perhaps to make it difficult for them to escape as those broken

old ships were surrounded by deep water and marshes.
17. Although Pip was scared by the escaped convict, he felt sorry
for him. Explain why.
- I think because the man was weak, hungry, and shaking with cold or
fear. Perhaps because the man seemed lonely and sad on Christmas Eve,
just like Pip.
18. Pip stole the meat pie secretly to give it to the escaped convict Why
do you think he didn't ask his sister or her husband for food for the
man instead of stealing it?
-I think because he was afraid that the convict would hurt him Perhaps
because he knew that they wouldn't agree to give food to the man or
they might tell the police about him.
19. If you were Pip, would you take food and a file to the convict?
Give your reason(s).
- Of course not! Helping an escaped prisoner is against the law.

In addition, the convict might be dangerous.
89
20. Pip made a big mistake when he took the meat pie from his
sister's kitchen without telling her. Do you agree or not? Why?
-I completely agree. It is not morally right to steal things. In addition, he

put his sister in an embarrassing situation in front of her guests. If she
had discovered that he took it, she would have punished him.
21. "Pip had a sound conscience". Do you agree or not? Why?
-I agree. He felt guilty after stealing the food for the convict.
22. Luck and coincidence rescued Pip from punishment after he

had stolen the meat pie. Illustrate.
-When his sister discovered that the pie had disappeared, some soldiers
who wanted a blacksmith to repair some handcuffs arrived and told
them about the two escaped convicts. That made them all forget about
the pie.
23. The soldiers came to Mr Joe, the blacksmith, to repair some

handcuffs. Whose handcuffs do you think they were? Why do you
think the handcuffs needed repair?
-I think they were the handcuffs of the two escaped convicts. I think
they were damaged by the convicts when they escaped.
24-If you were in Pip's shoes, would you tell the soldiers you saw the
escaped convicts? Why/Why not?
- Yes, I would tell the soldiers about them. They were criminals who
should have been in prison.
25. Put yourself in Pip's place and guess why he didn't tell the
soldiers about the escaped convicts/why he hoped not to find them.
-I think Pip sympathized with the first prisoner, Magwitch, who

looked weak, hungry, and shaking. Perhaps Pip thought the convicts
suffered from cruelty, just like him.
26. Joe and Pip followed the soldiers to the marshes to help
arrest the two escaped convicts. Do you agree with that or not?
Why?
90
- No, I don't agree with that. On their way to the marshes, both Joe and
Pip wished the convicts wouldn't be arrested.
27. Even Joe sympathized with the escaped prisoners. Illustrate giving a
possible reason.
-I think Joe believed that poor people suffered the cruelty of life. Poverty
sometimes makes some people commit crimes.
Extra questions:
1. What is the setting (time and place) of Great Expectations?
-London and some rural areas in England in the early to mid-19th

century.
2. Who is the main character and the narrator in Great Expectations?
Pirrip -Phillip ).)Pip(‫"فيليب بريب" (بيب‬
3. How did Pip get his name?
He found in difficult to say Philip Pirrip.
4. Why was Pip crying near the marshes at the beginning of the novel?
Because it was Christmas Eve and he felt lonely and sad. His parents
were dead, as were five of his brothers and sisters.
5. Why didn't Pip remember his parents and five of his brothers
and sisters?
Because they died when he was very young
6. Who was Mrs. Joe?
- She was Pip's sister who was 20 years older than him.
7. "When I looked back, I saw the man far out on the marshes, a
black shape against the angry red sky." Who was that man? What
does this description reveal about Pip's inner feelings?
-That man was Magwitch. These words reveal that Pip was sad and
frightened.
91
8. I didn't want to look after you! It's bad enough being a blacksmith's
wife. I never asked to be your mother!" Who says this, and what do we
learn about her?
-Mrs. Joe says this. We learn that she does not enjoy looking after her
brother Pip and she is not kind to him. She was always dissatisfied.
9. What did Pip think of the man in the graveyard?
-He scared him, but he also felt Sorry for him. Pip had contradicted
feelings.
10. Why was there a lot of food in the kitchen the next
day? It was Christmas Day, and guests were invited to
dinner.
11. How did Pip feel when he stole the food and the file? Did he
do anything to relieve himself? Why/Why not?
-He felt guilty about this, but he didn't do anything to relieve himself He
was afraid that Joe might not like to be his friend anymore.
12. Why do the soldiers visit their house?
-To find a blacksmith to mend some handcuffs.
13 "We need a blacksmith to mend some handcuffs, please.' Why do the

soldiers need handcuffs, do you think?
-They want to find the convicts and put handcuffs on them.
14 .'I hope we don't find the convicts, Joe'. Why do you think Pip
says this?
-Perhaps he fears them, or perhaps because he feels sorry for them.
15. How would you describe the beginning of the story? Are you
enjoying it? Why?
-It is a sad beginning. Personally, I don't enjoy it because I do not like

stories about suffering.
Answer the following questions:

92
1. Pip was a miserable child. Explain giving two reasons.
93
2. Nature was as sad as Pip. Illustrate.
3. If you were Pip, would you go to the graveyard on Christmas Eve?

Why/Why not?
4. It was strange that Pip's sister didn't like him while her
husband liked him. Comment.
5. No one can make up for ‫يعوض‬parents. Comment using Pip as an

example.
6. Joe Gargery was a kind man. Do you agree or not? Why?
7. If you were Mrs. Joe, how would you treat Pip? Support your
answer with two reasons.
8. If you were Pip, would you love Mrs. Joe? Why/Why not?
9. If you were Joe Gargery, would you be happy with a wife like
Pip's sister? Why/Why not? Explain with two reasons.
10. Luck helped Mrs. Joe as a wife. Explain how.
11. If you were Mrs. Joe, what would you do about the pie that
disappeared?
12. Pip took the file and the pie to the convict out of fear. Do you
agree or not. Give reasons.
13. Why do you think Mrs. Joe wasn't as kind and friendly as Mr. Joe to
Pip?
94
7-Feedback Grammar
articles Indefinite and Definite‫أدوات المعرفة والنكرة‬
A- Indefinite articles: A & An ‫النكره أدوات‬
:‫( قبل االسم المفرد الذي ُيعد ويبدأ بصوت ساكن عند النطق‬a) ‫تستخدم‬-
e.g.: a girl a farmer a wolf
‫) ولكن ينطق‬u,o,i,e,a( ‫( قبل األسماء المفردة المعدودة التى تبدأ بحرف متحرك‬a) ‫تستخدم‬-
‫كصوت ساكن‬
e.g.: a university a uniform a unit a
union a European country a one a
useful book
(a,e,I,o,u) ‫) قبل االسم المفرد الذي ُيعد ويبدأ بصوت متحرك‬an( ‫تستخدم‬-
e.g.: an umbrella an ink pot an ox
an honest man an egg an apple
:‫) قبل األسماء التى تبدأ بحرف ساكن ا ل ينطق‬an( ‫تأتى‬
e.g.: He is an honest man.
Usage: ‫االستخدام‬
:‫قبل اسم مفرد يعد ُيذكر ألول مرة‬-
e.g.: - I saw a plane flying in the sky. - I have a villa with a swimming
pool.
:‫قبل الصفة إذا سبقت االسم المفرد المعدود‬
e.g.: - This is a beautiful vase.
He gave an incredible concert‫ موسيقية حفلة‬yesterday.
": ‫تستخدم بمعنى واحد من بين العديد من‬-
e.g.: We have got a car.
95
:‫الناس حسب جنسياتهم أو وظائفهم‬
e.g.: - She is a Turkish girl. - She is an accountant.
:‫مع عبارات عددية معينة وللتجزئة‬
:.couple a - e.g ‫زوج من‬ dozen a -half‫نصف دستة‬
- dozen a ‫دستة‬ score -a‫عشرون‬
a million ‫مليون‬ - a lot of / a great deal of‫من كثير‬
a hundred‫مائة‬ -a thousand‫ألف‬
-a kilo of sugar - a bag of rice
:‫مع تعبيرات السرعة والثمن والنسبة‬
e.g.: -twice a week - twenty kilometers an hour
-two pounds a kilo - four times a day
:‫) ا ل تستخدم قبل األسماء الجمع واألسماء التي ا ل تعد واألسماء المعنوية‬a/an( ‫الحظ أن‬
e.g.: -Sharks are dangerous animals. (Not: A sharks)
My shoes are made of leather. (Not: a leather)
- He was pale with fear. (Not: a fear)
B The definite article : (The)‫المعرفة اداة‬
: ‫تستخدم قبل االسم الذى أصبح معر ًفا عند ذكره للمرة الثانية‬
e.g.: We have got a villa with a garden. The garden is beautiful.
):‫تستخدم قبل االسم الذى يوجد منه واحد فقط )أى ليس له مثيل متعارف عليه‬
e.g.: the Earth, the North Pole, the sky, the Nile ... etc.
:‫تستخدم قبل االسم المفرد للداللة على النوع أو الفصيلة وقبل االختراعات‬
e.g.: - The camel is the ship of the desert.
- The computer is useful.
96
: )the( ‫لكن عند الحديث عن بيع أو شراء أو إصالح أو امتالك جهاز معين فال تأخذ‬
e.g.: - My grandfather had a radio which looked like a wooden box.
‫تستخدم قبل أسماء سالسل الجبال واألنهار والبحار والمحيطات والصحارى ومجموعات الجزر‬
:‫والمناطق الجغرافية واالتجاهات وبعض الدول‬
e.g.: the Red Sea, the Indian Ocean, the Thames, the Alps, the Middle
East, the Mediterranean Sea, the USA, the Sudan, the United Kingdom,
the European Union, the Pacific Ocean, the Bahamas Islands, the South
of Egypt, the Siwa Oasis ... etc.
‫ والقمم‬etc. Crete / Bermuda / .(Sicily .)the( ‫أما أسماء الجزر المفردة فال تأخذ‬
‫ قبل‬: Kilimanjaro) / Everest (Mount )the(‫الجبلية المنفردة عادة ال تأخذ‬
" ‫ وقبل صفات المقارنة بمعنى "كلما‬،‫صفات التفضيل القصوى‬
e.g.: -The elephant is the biggest animal.
- Diamond is the most expensive metal.
-The harder you work, the more money you get.
:‫تستخدم قبل الصفات عند استخدامها كاسم بمعنى الجمع‬
e.g.: - He is collecting money for the blind.
-The poor are usually generous to each other.
-The disabled are in need of our help.
.‫تعنى طبقة الفقراء عامة‬poor" "The
:‫مع اآاللت الموسيقية في سياق العزف واالستماع أو التعليم أو الممارسة وتأتي بعد أفعال مثل‬
play / practice / learn / study / listen to
e.g.: the piano, the violin, the drum, the guitar
:‫مع التعبيرات الزمنية و االتجاهات‬

e.g.: in the morning, in the afternoon, in the evening, in the north, in the
east
97
:‫قبل الكتب المقدسة وأسماء الصحف‬
e.g.: the Quran, the Bible, the Times
: ‫قبل أسماء األماكن عند استخدامها لغرض غير غرضها األساسي‬
(School, hospital, university, bed, prison, church, market, mosque)
e.g.: - I go to school to learn.
I go to the school to meet the principal. ‫المدير‬
:‫تستخدم قبل أسماء الهيئات والمنظمات اآلتية‬
the government, the fire brigade, the police, the army, the cinema, the
office, the theatre, the radio, the internet, the Cathedral
:‫) قبل الصفات التالية التي تدل على الجنسية لتدل على شعب ما بصفة عامة‬the( ‫تستخدم‬
e.g.: - The British / The English/The Irish / The Welsh / The Spanish/
The Dutch / The Swiss.
)ese( :‫) بنفس الطريقة قبل الصفات التي تدل على الجنسية المنتهية بـ‬the( ‫كما تستخدم‬
e.g.: - The Japanese / the Chinese / the Sudanese......etc.
:‫) لتؤدى نفس المعنى‬the( ‫أما صفات الجنسية األخرى فيجب أن تجمع بعد‬
e.g.: - The Egyptians / The Russians / the Arabs / the Scots / the Turks
: )of( ‫) قبل أسماء األماكن التي بها‬the( ‫تستخدم‬
e.g.: - The Great wall of China / the Bank of England
:‫غالبا قبل االسم الذي تتبعه عبارة بها ضمير وصل‬

ً )the(‫تستخدم‬
e.g.: - The man who lost his son was very sad.
:‫قبل العدد الذي يدل على فترة عشر سنوات وقبل األعداد الترتيبية‬
e.g.: -The fifties/ the nineties/ the first/second/third / the last.....etc.)
- :‫" ال تستخدم مع‬the" ‫الحظ أن‬
‫االسم الجمع بمعنى عام‬

e.g.: - Sharks are wild animals. - Women form half of society.
98
:‫األسماء المجردة المعنوية واألسماء غير المعدودة بوجه عام‬
e.g.: death, birth, wisdom, sorrow, freedom, democracy, happiness
:‫أسماء المواد وأسماء الوجبات واأللعاب الرياضية والمواد الدراسية‬
e.g.: dinner, breakfast, wood, metal, milk, wool, iron, plastic, meat,
basketball, volleyball, tennis, English, Arabic, history, maths
: )‫) تأتي مع الوجبات إذا كانت وجبه معدة لمناسبة خاصة (احتفال مثال‬the( ‫لكن الحظ أن‬
:‫اسماء فصول السنة واألعياد‬-
e.g.: summer, winter, spring, autumn, Easter, Christmas
:‫قبل األلقاب المتبوعة باسم علم‬
e.g.: President Biden, Professor Magdi, King Abdullah
:‫) قبل أسماء القارات وأسماء الدول‬the( ‫ال تستخدم‬-
:.France Spain, Europe, Africa, Asia, e.g …………
/Kingdom/States/ / Union Republic ‫أما إذا احتوى اسم الدوله على كلمات مثل‬
(the) ‫ تأخذ فهى‬Federation
e.g.: - The Arab Republic of Egypt / The United Kingdom.
.‫) قبل أسماء األماكن المركبة إذا كان االسم األول يدل على شخص أو مكان‬the( ‫ال تستخدم‬
e.g.: - Victoria Station / Buckingham Palace / London Zoo
Exercise On Articles
1. Australia is a great island in..............Pacific Ocean.
a. the b. an c. a d. some
2. There is............amazing new house on the beach.
a. the b. an c. a d. some
3. What did he do before he was...............writer?
a. a b. an c. the d. no article
99
4.....................first job that he did was in a theatre.
a. A b. An c. The d. No article
5. He became...............English teacher in a secondary school.
6. During...............Second World War, Golding was a sailor in the British

navy.
7. He wrote Lord of the Flies in 1953. That was his...............novel.
a. a first b. an first c. the first d. first
8. Why did he write a book about such.................cruel children?
9. I read..................article which said that Golding was shocked by things

he had seen during the war.
10. Golding believed that everyone could be cruel, including

………children.
11. Many people think Lord of the Flies is…..............best novel that he
wrote.
12. More...................boys join Jack's group because he promises to protect

them.
13. They attack Ralph's................camp and steal the glasses of a boy

called Poggy .
100
14. The Earth moves round....................sun.
15. I had a cup of tea and some cake but.......................tea was hot.
16. I asked....................Professor Tony about his childhood.
17.....................science is a difficult subject.
18. My friend is a sportsman. He plays..............football.
19. I'm hungry. I went to have.....................dinner.
20. Ahmed's father went to.................school to meet the headmaster.
21. My uncle is....................honest man.
22. For this job, you need..................experience with computer.
23. Did you come by.....................air?
24. I couldn't hear because of.....................noise of the train.
25. She has to wear..............uniform when she's at work.
101
26. Excuse me, where is.................bus station, please?
27. Have you finished reading............book I lent you?
a. a b. an c. The d. No article
28. intelligence is important for success.
29. It was a happy party, but we could only stay for half..............hour.
30. Vegetarians don't eat................meat.
31. You will find the information you need at the top of.................page 18.
32. There are two cars parked outside:...............expensive one and a

cheap one.
33. My friend lived in...............India for a long time.
34. France is...............European country that adopts democracy.
35. Would you like to live in..............European Union?
a. a b. the b. an d. no article
36. People in....................speak many languages.
a. an Europe b. Europe c. the Europe d. a Europe
102
37.................teachers work very hard.
38......................teachers in our school work very hard.
39. Fear is...............universal weakness.
40. This ring is made of....................gold.
41. I go to..............bed early.
42....................Amazon is in South America.
43. Ahmed,.....man I met yesterday, is an honest man.
44. He crossed the Atlantic in...............record time.
45..................reason I was successful was because my parents

encouraged me.
46. I think..................education is something all children should value.
47..................money doesn't always bring happiness.
48. There's..........................."y" letter at the beginning of the word

'umbrella'.
103
49. The captain of the sinking ship sent..................SOS.
50. There is................."f" letter at the end of the word 'thief".
8-Test on Unit 1
1. When one is abroad, nothing....................for loss of family warmth.
a.ruins b. biases c. spins d.compensates
2. The old man..................the guidebook and read the instructions.
a .holds b. held c. have held d. was holding
3. It is a crime to….........copyright law.
a .violate b.do c. make d. take
4. She.................with her aunt for three days last month.
a. used to stay b. was used to staying c. stayed d. has stayed
5. The journalist...............the demands of workers by placement. She had

put the managers defense at the top of the article.
a. placed b. omitted c. biased d. spun
6. Sama…............all the notebooks. I have to buy some more.
a. uses b. was using c. has been using d. has used
7. She didn't see my message...............she was busy welcoming some

guests.
a.during b.for c. since d.so
104
8. "Secondary school students wait for their final exam results

with bated breath". This means that they…………..
a .are certain they will succeed.
b .are nervous and excited guessing what will happen.
c. no longer expect that they will pass the exams.
d .are waiting helplessly to fail.
9. I'd rather you.................your own business. Keep away from my life.
a. minded b. didn't mind c. were minding d. have minded
10.....................is one of the behaviors that you must stop practicing.
a. Charity b. Checking c. Cheating d. Chatting
11. I….............my university degree in 1998.
a. awarded b. was awarded c.have awarded d. have been awarded
12. She was.................to hear that my car had been stolen.
a. cheered b. checked c. chocked d. shocked
13. We.................a great time when you called me. That’s why I asked you
to join us.
a. have had b. have been having c.had had d. were having
14. In a hook sentence, you need to…………. .
a.sum up your essay by briefly revisiting the information covered
b. grab the reader's attention to read the essay
c .support, explain, illustrate, or provide evidence for the idea expressed

in the topic sentence
d. analyze two points of view by either comparing them, contrasting

them, or both
105
Read the following passage, then choose the correct answer from a, b, c
or d:
What sort of food are we likely to be eating in the year 2030? Most
people, when you ask them a question like that, either say: "There won't
be any left." or "Whatever it is. there won't be much taste in it. Of course,
there are good reasons for being pessimistic about the world's food
supplies in the future.
Nevertheless, not all the experts share the general despondency. For
one thing, although the world's population is rising fast, food
production is keeping pace with it, even in developing Countries. It is
therefore argued that the main reason why people are hungry is not
that there is a world food shortage but that methods of cultivation are
not sufficiently advanced in some areas and the food is not fairly
distributed to all those that need it.
Moreover, in most industrial countries, one important cause of

trouble is our conservative preference for meat. After all, we are ready
for a situation where we feed animals with grain to produce high-
quality beef, even though the grain would feed the human population.
By the time our grandchildren have grown up, it seems likely that
many of these problems will have been resolved. Scientists are already
capable of constructing steaks from vegetable ingredients like soya
beans. However, skeptically we may be about their claim that they can
reproduce the substance. taste and color of meat by these means, the
fact is that the most common complaint about such "steaks" is that we
will no doubt have discovered a way of including artificial bones, skin
and fat!
15. According to the passage, using vegetable ingredients is one of

the methods to overcome the shortage of…………. .
a.protein b. fats c .vitamins d. calcium
16. Which of the following can best summarize the last paragraph?
a.Soya beans can change the taste of meat
106
b. Soya beans, steak and food ingredients
c. Beans, fats and skin
d. Soya beans as a replacement of meat
17. There won't be food shortage in the future if the food is…………. .
a. fairly distributed b. unfairly distributed
c. of high-quality d. of low quality
18. The problem of food can be solved if we………….
a. use the internet and mass media b. use advanced methods

of cultivation
c. use more water from the sea d. purify the river water
19. According to the passage, our diet may be..................in the future.
a. the same b .difficult c. different d .traditional
20. We feed animals on grain to produce……... .
a. high quantity beef b. fat and food supplies
c. skin and vegetables d. high quality beef
21. According to the passage, food production is growing....................the

population.
a .as slow as b.as fast as c.faster than d.slower than
22. The main idea of the passage is……………...
a. The advantages of eating soya beans b. The causes of

food shortage and its solution
c. The distribution of food d. Population increasing all over the world
107
Read the following passage, then choose the correct answer from a, b, c
or d:
Basel Rashid, who was a famous detective, working for businessmen

to protect them and solve mysteries related to their work, had finished
working on a crime in Aswan and was about to go home on the Spanish
Train. When Basel got on the train, he noticed that it was unusually
full for the time of the year.
Soon after the train had left Aswan, a wealthy businessman, Mr.
Mourad, asked Basel to protect him because he believed his life was in
danger. Although Mourad offered Basel a lot of money to do this, the
detective did not believe the man's story and refused to help him.
During the night, the train had to stop because of heavy rain.
The next morning. Mourad was found dead: he had been murdered.
Had someone got on the train and killed him?
Now Basel believed Mourad's story and, together with a doctor, who
was also on the train, he started work to solve the crime. The two men
soon discovered that Mourad had a secret identity. He was not a
businessman, but a criminal who was hated by many people.
After examining the train and Mourad's body. Basel realized that the
man had almost certainly been murdered by one of the 13 people from
the same part of the train as Mourad. This meant that there were 13
suspects. One by one, Basel discovered that these 13 people all had a
good reason to hate Mourad. Together, they had carefully planned
what they were going to do and had all taken part in the murder. That
was why the Spanish Train had been so full on that journey.
23. The choice that can summarize the fourth paragraph is “.................”.
a. Identifying who Mr. Mourad really was and his real job.
b. Protecting the other passengers from the murderers
c. Discovering Mourad's secret passport and his work as a spy
d. Finding out Mourad was wrong when he asked for the detective's help
108
24. Basel did not want to help Mr. Mourad…………...
a. to take part in his murder b.as he was the murderer
c. to kill the other criminals d .as he thought he was a liar
25. Basel found out there were 13 suspects because……………....
a. Mourad told him while dying b .he checked their
identities c.he knew they hated Mourad d. the doctor told him so
26. Although Basel refused to help Mr. Mourad, he………………. .
a. was right not to help Mr. Mourad b. helped the doctor to

reach the truth
c. suspected few of the passengers d. regretted helping Mr. Mourad
27. The central idea of the story is “.................”.
a. Criminals would help to protect each other.
b. Crime would be committed by the help of the police
c. Criminals always face their fears of the death
d. The Spanish Train mysterious crime
28. Mourad thought he was certainly in danger, so…………….
a .he was suffering from heart problems
b. he asked Basel for help
c. the detective warned him not to take the train
d. the doctor had examined him the day before
29. Basel was in Aswan……………... .
a. because he worked as a policeman there b. because he was on

a secret mission
c. to investigate Mourad's murder d. to arrest people

who killed Mourad
109
30. According to the passage, one must.........................the others when

they ask.
a. help b. ignore c. encourage d.
defeat Choose the correct Arabic translation from a, b ,c or d:
31. A civilized society should treat its elderly members well even if it
is multicultural.
‫المجتمع المتحضر يجب‬b. .‫المجتمع المتحضر ينبغي عليه أن يعامل كبار السن معاملة جيدة حتى لو كان مجتمع متعدد الثقافات‬a.
‫أن يراعي في تعامله األعضاء القدماء ينبغي عليه حتى لو كان متعدد‬
.‫الثقافات‬
‫المجتمع‬d. .‫ويجب على المجتمع المتحضر أن يعالج كبار السن جي ًدا رغم تعدد الثقافات‬c.
‫المتحضر هو الذي يجب عليه أن يتعامل مع صغار السن معاملة جيدة حتى لو كان متعدد‬
.‫الثقافات‬
32. One of the current reform programs is to stimulate investment

in the industrial sector.
.‫احد برامج اإلصالح الحالية تحفيز االستثمار في القطاع الصناعي‬a.

.‫أحد برامج التغير الحالية تحفيز االستثمار في مجال الصناعة‬b.
.‫أحد برامج اإلصالح الحالية زيادة االستثمار في المجال الصناعي‬c.
.‫أحد برامج اإلصالح الحالية تحفيز االستثمار في المجال الصناعي‬d.
Choose the correct English translation from a, b,c or d:
.‫يرتكب البعض خطأ كبير ببحثهم عن الشهرة العتقادهم بأنها سبب للسعادة‬33.
a. Some people make a big mistake by looking for fame because
they think that it is the cause of happiness.
b. Some people commit a big mistake by looking up fame, thinking

that it is the cause of happiness.
c. Some people made a big mistake by looking for fame because

they think that it is the cause of happiness.
110
d. Some people commit big mistake by looking for fame thinking that
it is the cause of happiness.
.‫إنها مسئولية الوالدين أن يقوموا بتنوير الشباب باالثار المدمرة لتناول المحررات القاتلة‬34.
a. Parents are responsible for making the youth unaware of

the destructive effects of eating killing drugs.
b. It's the parents' responsibility to make the youth aware of

the destructive effects of taking killing drugs.
c. It's the parents' irresponsibility to lighten the youth of

the destructive effects of taking killing drugs.
d. Parents are responsible for making their children unaware of

the destructive effects of eating killing drugs.
The Reader
Answer the following questions:
35. Evaluate Dickens's employment of nature to reflect Pip's inner mood

at the beginning of the novel.
…………………………………………………………………………………………………………………
………………………………………………………………………………………………………………….
…………………………………………………………………………………………………………………
36. Dickens chose the main character (Pip) to narrate the novel.
How does this help the writer? Give two points.
…………………………………………………………………………………………………………………
………………………………………………………………………………………………………………….
………………………………………………………………………………………………………………….
Writing
37. Write SIX (6) lines on the following topic:
"The advantages and disadvantages of international sports

competitions such as the FIFA World Cup and the Olympic Games".
111

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MICHAEL ATEF 01227670926 7AREEF ENGLIZY THANAWEYA AMMAH

announce (d) )‫قرار‬/‫ يعلن عن (خبر‬occur (red) (V) ‫يقع‬-‫يحدث‬

accurate(adj) ‫ دقيق‬midday(n) ‫ وقت‬-‫منتصف النهار‬

content(n) ‫محتوى‬ publisher(n) )‫مؤسسه‬/‫ناشر(شخص‬

1................The series is very interesting, so the

a. heavy breath b. bated breath c. breathless d. over breathing

2. The most recent major........was an explosion at an oil refinery.

a. occasion b. festival c. organization d. incident

4. At the top of a tabloid news story, there is usually……………...

a. a headline b. Your name c. a photo d. question

6. In the last email from my cousin in India, he that some of India's

7...Tarek often won running races at school, but we

a. cheat b. cheated c. shock d. shocked

8. Tarek often won running races at school, but we all knew he

10. Workers at the factorybetter pay and shorter working hours.

a. cheated b. breathed c. demanded d. ruined.

13..................A newspaper has small pages and large photos.

a. broadcast b. poster c. tabloid d. blog

15. What ………to the little child broke our hearts.

a. occurred b. mentioned c. blocked d. demanded.

a. regulated b. compensated c. fined d. freed.

23. I had to answer all the questions of the..............before I could go

a. eyewitness b. version c. investigator d.

a. write b. appear c. come out d. publish

a. allowed b. blocked c. refused d. eased

26. It is a crime to..............copyright law.

a. behave b. investigate c. violate d. prove

27. She was over the moon at her..........wedding party.

a. former b. nosy c. long-awaited d. illegal

28. Taha Hussein's books have been translated into many

a. including b. containing c. consisting d. taking

29. The World Cup is an important sport………….

a. event b. piracy c. celebrity d. bias

a. court b.content c. change d. lecture

31. All students attend the....................of Professor A. Karim.

a.journalism b. lectures c. cliffs d. locations

32. You have the.................to express your opinion.

a .warning b. casualty c. piracy d. right

a. pirated b. criminal c. tennis d. shocked

34. My father is a retired banker. He was a / an...........manager of the

a. former b. nosy c. long-awaited d. illegal

35. The file was..............to the legal departmental to study it.

a. compensated b. obtained c. referred d. announced

36. The Egyptian..............succeeded in putting an end to building on

a. permissions b. incidents c. cheats d. authorities

37. Taking a break is.................to renew your energy.

a. ruined b. required c. highlighted d. investigated

38. At the very beginning of a speech,...........your full name.

a. spoil b. spin c. claim d. state

39. In his speech Mr. Mahmoud............all his team members by their

a. occurred b. mentioned c. blocked d. demanded

40. It is..................to take something that does not belong to you.

a. former b. nosy c. long-awaited d. illegal

41. It is better if the readers can..............e-books at a lower price.

a.a ompensate b. obtain c. refer d. announce

42. I can't take this decision without my father's……………....

a. permission b. incident c. cheat d. authority

a. pirated b. criminal c. secret d. shocked

44. A.................is a serious newspaper that is printed on large pieces of

a. broadsheet b. magazine c. broadcast d. tabloid

45. To.................is to officially tell people about something, especially

a. cheat b. claim c. announce d. compensate

46. A/An............is someone who behaves in a dishonest way in order to