4.

5 IELTS COURSE
READING – LESSON 3
Nội dung bài học
Tổng quan dạng bài nhận định thông tin ........................................................................................................... 1
Chiến lược xử lý dạng bài nhận định thông tin ................................................................................................... 2
Ví dụ minh họa ..................................................................................................................................................... 3
Luyện tập .............................................................................................................................................................. 6

Tổng quan dạng bài nhận định thông tin

• Dạng bài nhận định thông tin chia thành 2 dạng:

o TRUE/FALSE/NOT GIVEN
o YES/NO/NOT GIVEN
• Dạng bài này yêu cầu thí sinh so sánh mức độ chính xác của nội dung các câu được cho ở đề bài
so với thông tin trong bài đọc:
o Nếu từ thông tin trong bài đọc, thí sinh có thể khẳng định nội dung của câu là đúng, điền
TRUE/YES.
o Nếu từ thông tin trong bài đọc, thí sinh có thể khẳng định nội dung của câu là sai, điền
FALSE/NO.
o Nếu từ thông tin trong bài đọc, thí sinh không thể khẳng định được nội dung của câu là
đúng hay sai, điền NOT GIVEN.
• Lưu ý:
o Dạng bài TRUE/FALSE/NOT GIVEN sẽ yêu cầu thí sinh tìm thông tin/sự thật được nhắc
đến trong bài, trong khi dạng YES/NO/NOT GIVEN yêu cầu thí sinh hiểu quan điểm của
tác giả.
o Thí sinh cần đọc kỹ yêu cầu để điền đáp án phù hợp, không bị nhầm lẫn giữa hai dạng
bài.
o Cả 2 dạng câu hỏi đều có chiến lược xử lý giống nhau

1
 Chiến lược xử lý dạng bài nhận định thông tin

Bước 1: Xác định từ khóa:

Đọc câu hỏi và xác định các từ khóa, phân loại theo các loại:
• Loại 1: Từ khóa khó thay thế (tên riêng, số, thuật ngữ)
• Loại 2: Từ khóa dễ thay thế (các danh từ có thể được diễn đạt bằng cách khác)
• Loại 3: Từ khóa chìm (các động từ, tính từ có thể được diễn đạt bằng cách khác)

Bước 2: Xác định vùng thông tin chứa đáp án

• Ưu tiên tìm từ khóa theo thứ tự: Loại 1 ➔ Loại 2 ➔ Loại 3
• Sử dụng kỹ thuật Scanning hiệu quả để định vị đoạn thông tin chứa các từ khóa hoặc những từ có
nghĩa tương tự từ khóa

Lưu ý:
• Các câu hỏi trong dạng bài được sắp xếp theo thứ tự: thông tin câu 1 rồi đến 2 đến 3.
• Luôn scan theo 2 câu hỏi một lần. Nếu có câu là Not Given và thông tin không xuất hiện trong bài,
vẫn còn từ khoá của câu tiếp theo để khoanh vùng đáp án. Ví dụ:

Bước 3: Đối chiếu thông tin

Đối chiếu thông tin trong câu hỏi và trong đoạn thông tin đã được định vị ở bước 2:
• Nếu thông tin trong câu hỏi trùng khớp với thông tin trong bài đọc ➔ điền TRUE/YES
• Nếu thông tin trong câu hỏi trái ngược với thông tin trong bài đọc, có thể phản bác được bằng
thông tin trong bài đọc ➔ điền FALSE/NO
• Nếu thông tin trong câu hỏi không được đề cập trong bài đọc, hoặc không thể phản bác được
bằng thông tin trong bài đọc ➔ điền NOT GIVEN

2
 Ví dụ minh họa
AIMEE FULLER – SNOWBOARDING STAR

Aimee Fuller was born in England, but she moved to the east coast of the United States at the age of
12 because she knew she wanted to be a professional snowboarder. It wasn't possible to train
properly in her hometown because it hardly ever snowed. There was a dry ski slope in her town, where
she learnt how to ski and snowboard, but there weren't any mountains with snow to practise the sport.

Aimee quickly found sponsors and a coach when she arrived in the USA, and she is now a successful
and well- known snowboarding star. She has done really well in many national competitions and her
dream is to win an Olympic gold medal one day.

Aimee spends most of her time practising on the snow, and trains in the gym four to five times a
week. She also goes cycling and running. Aimee says it is very important to keep fit because that
helps her stay safe when she is doing snowboarding tricks and jumps. Her advice to people who want
to learn how to do jumps, is to start small and only do bigger jumps when they feel ready.

(Mindset for IELTS 0)

Decide if these statements are TRUE, FALSE or NOT GIVEN according to the information in the passage.
1. Aimee Fuller spent the first few years of her life in England.
2. Aimee learnt to ski before she started snowboarding.

3. It often snowed during winter in Aimee's hometown.

4. It took Aimee a long time to find a coach after she moved to the US.

5. Aimee has won an Olympic medal.

6. Aimee thinks that snowboarding is more dangerous for her when she is not fit.

3
Các bước làm bài:

1. Câu 1:
• Bước 1: Xác định từ khóa:

Aimee Fuller spent the first few years of her life in England.
.

Tên riêng Động từ Danh từ Tên riêng

➔ từ khóa loại 1 ➔ từ khóa loại 3 ➔ từ khóa loại 2 ➔ từ khóa loại 1

• Bước 2: Xác định vùng thông tin chứa đáp án

Sử dụng kỹ thuật Scanning, kết quả định vị như sau:

”Aimee Fuller was born in England, but she moved to the east coast of the United States at
the age of 12 because she knew she wanted to be a professional snowboarder.”

(Dịch nghĩa: Aimee Fuller sinh ra ở Anh, nhưng cô ấy chuyển đến bờ biển phía đông nước Mỹ
vào năm 12 tuổi vì cô ấy biết cô ấy muốn trở thành vận động viên trượt ván chuyên nghiệp)

• Bước 3: Đối chiếu thông tin, xác định đáp án

Thông tin bài đọc Thông tin câu hỏi Kết luận
Aimee Fuller was born in England
Aimee Fuller spent the first few years of
she moved to the east coast of the trùng khớp
her life in England
United States at the age of 12

 Xác định đáp án: TRUE

2. Câu 2:
• Bước 1: Xác định từ khóa:

Aimee learnt to ski before she started snowboarding.

.

Tên riêng Động từ Danh từ

➔ từ khóa loại 1 ➔ từ khóa loại 3 ➔ từ khóa loại 2

• Bước 2: Xác định vùng thông tin chứa đáp án

Sử dụng kỹ thuật Scanning, kết quả định vị như sau:

”There was a dry ski slope in her town, where she learnt how to ski and snowboard, but
there weren't any mountains with snow to practise the sport.”

(Dịch nghĩa: Có một dốc trượt tuyết ở trị trấn của cô ấy, nơi mà cô ấy học trượt tuyết và trượt
ván tuyết, nhưng không có ngọn núi tuyết nào để luyện tập môn thể thao này)

4
 • Bước 3: Đối chiếu thông tin, xác định đáp án

Bài đọc có đề cập đến hai nội dung: “học trượt tuyết” và “trượt ván tuyết” nhưng không đề
cập Aimee học môn nào trước, môn nào sau.

 Xác định đáp án: NOT GIVEN

3. Câu 3:
• Bước 1: Xác định từ khóa:

It often snowed during winter in Aimee's hometown.

.

Động từ Danh từ Danh từ

➔ từ khóa loại 3 ➔ từ khóa loại 2 ➔ từ khóa loại 2

• Bước 2: Xác định vùng thông tin chứa đáp án

Sử dụng kỹ thuật Scanning, kết quả định vị như sau:

”It wasn't possible to train properly in her hometown because it hardly ever snowed.”

(Dịch nghĩa: Việc huấn luyện là không thể ở quê hương của cô ấy vì ở đó hiếm khi nào có tuyết)

• Bước 3: Đối chiếu thông tin, xác định đáp án

Thông tin bài đọc Thông tin câu hỏi Kết luận

It hardly ever snowed in her hometown It often snowed in her hometown Thông tin trái ngược

 Xác định đáp án: FALSE

5
Luyện tập
Luyện tập 1:
Sylvia Earle, underwater hero.
She has spent her working life studying the world’s oceans

Sylvia Earle is an underwater explorer and marine biologist who was born in the USA in 1935. She
became interested in the world’s oceans from an early age. As a child, she liked to stand on the beach
for hours and look at the sea, wondering what it must be like under the surface.

When she was 16, she finally got a chance to make her first dive, it was this dive that inspired her to
become an underwater explorer. Since then, she has spent more than 6,500 hours under water, and
has led more than 70 expeditions worldwide. She has also made the deepest dive ever, reaching a
record-breaking depth of 381 metres.

In 1970, she became famous around the world when she became the captain of the first all female
team to live under water. The team spent two weeks in an underwater house. The research they
carried out showed that coral reefs are being damaged because of pollution. Her team also studied
the problem of overfishing. Fishing methods meant that people were catching too many fish,
including ones that are very rare. Therefore, many species of fish were in danger of becoming extinct.

Since then she has written several books and magazine articles. In them, she suggests ways of
reducing the damage that is being done to the world’s oceans. One way, she believes, is to rely on
fish farms for seafood, and reduce the amount of fishing that is done out at sea. Although she no
longer eats seafood herself, she realizes that the importance it plays in our diets. It would be wrong
to tell people they should stop eating fish from the sea, she says. However, they need to reduce the
impact they are having on the ocean’s supplies.

(Complete IELTS Band 4-5)

Từ vựng cần lưu ý:

● marine biologist: nhà sinh học biển
● from an early age: từ khi còn nhỏ
● surface (n): bề mặt
● dive (v): lặn
● expedition (n): cuộc thám hiểm
● carry out : tiến hành/thực hiện
● coral reefs: đá ngầm san hô
● extinct (adj): tuyệt chủng

6
Answer the question by writing down the correct answer from the text in the blank below.

1. What does the word “the team” (underlined in the text) refer to? (line 2, paragraph 3)

2. What does the underlined “it” refer to? (line 4, paragraph 4)

3. What did Earle achieve aside from diving for 6,500 hours and leading 70 expeditions?

4. Why are many species of fish in danger of extinction?

5. According to Earle, what should people do to reduce the damage caused to oceans, aside
from stop eating fish?

Decide if these statements are TRUE, FALSE or NOT GIVEN according to the information in the passage.

1. Sylvia Earle lives in the USA.

2. Until 1970, nobody had lived underwater before.

3. Sylvia Earle was worried about the amount of fish that were being caught.

4. Her books offer some solutions to marine problems.

5. She thinks people should avoid eating seafood.

7
Luyện tập 2:
Breaking the habit
We all think we can break our bad habits – but they can stay with us for life

What is a bad habit? The most common definition is that it is something that we do regularly, almost without
thinking about it; and which has some sort of negative consequence. This consequence could affect those
around us, or it could affect us personally. Those who deny having bad habits are probably lying. Bad
habits are part of what makes us human.

Many early habits, like sucking our thumb, are broken when we are very young. We are either told to stop
doing it by our parents, or we consciously or subconsciously observe that others do not have the same
habit, and we gradually grow out of it. It is when we intentionally or unintentionally pick up new habits in
our later childhood or early adulthood that it becomes a problem. Unless we can break that habit early on,
it becomes a part of our life, and becomes 'programmed' into our brain.

A recent study of human memory suggests that no matter how hard we try to change our habits, it is the
old ways that tend to win, especially in situations where we are rushed, stressed or overworked. Habits that
we thought we had got rid of can suddenly come back. During the study programme, the researchers
showed a group of volunteers several pictures, and gave them words to associate with them (for example,
see a picture of tea, and associate it with 'breakfast'). They then showed the volunteers the same pictures
again, and gave them new words to associate with them (see a picture of tea, and say 'afternoon').

A few days later, the volunteers were given a test. The researchers showed them the pictures, and told them
to respond with one of the words they had been given for each one. It came as no surprise that their answers
were split between the first set of words and the second. Two weeks later, they were given the same test
again. This time, most of them only gave the first set of words. They appeared to have completely forgotten
the second set.

The study confirms that the responses we learn first are those that remain strongest over time. We may try
to change our ways, but after a while, the response that comes to mind first is usually the first one we
learned. The more that response is used, the more automatic it becomes and the harder it becomes
to respond in any other way.

The study therefore suggests that over time, our bad habits also become automatic, learned behaviour.
This is not good news for people who picked up bad habits early in life and now want to change or break
them. Even when we try to put new, good intentions into practice, those previously learned habits remain
stronger in more automatic, unconscious forms of memory.
(Complete IELTS Band 4-5)

8
Do the following statements agree with the claims of the writer in the Reading passage?

Write

YES if the statement agrees with the claims of the writer

NO if the statement contradicts the claims of the writer

NOT GIVEN if it is impossible to say what the writer thinks about this

1. We usually develop bad habits when we are very young.

2. We can only break bad habits if people tell us to do so.

3. Bad habits may return when we are under pressure.

4. Researchers were surprised by the answers that the volunteers gave in the first test.

5. The volunteers found the test more difficult when they did it the second time.

6. People find it more difficult to remember things they learnt when they were young.

7. If we develop bad habits early in life, they are harder to get rid of.

9
Luyện tập 3:

PARKOUR

A. Parkour was developed in France in the 1980s by Raymond Belle and later by his son David Belle
and his friends. It is very similar to military obstacle course training. The aim is to get from one point
to another in any way you can, and express yourself while doing so. There are no limits on how you
move in parkour: running, climbing, swinging, jumping, rolling and any other types of movement are
possible. Therefore, parkour is more of a philosophy or set of ideas than a sport. It is a new way of
seeing the environment and finding ways to go over, under, around, across or through obstacles.

B. Parkour can be done alone or in groups. The most famous group of traceurs (people who do
parkour) were the Yamakasi, a group made up of David Belle and his friends and cousins. They formed
in the late 1980s and became popular during the 1990s and 2000s after appearing in several films,
documentaries and advertisements. In the Yamakasi, there were strict rules. Members had to arrive
on time and they were not allowed to complain or make excuses. They valued humility, so they were
not allowed to show off or compete with other members.

C. Parkour can also be described as a 'state of mind'. It is about getting over mental as well as physical
barriers. It teaches people to touch the world and interact with it. It is about understanding what it
means to be human. The organisation Parkour.net believes that parkour can never be a competitive
sport. It is an art and is concerned with self-development. They say you can't ask, 'Who is the best at
parkour?' Raymond Belle's advice is: 'If two roads open up before you, always take the more difficult
one. Because you know you can travel the easy one.'

D. There are some gyms and camps where you can practise and learn parkour. However, many
traceurs do not like the idea of special places for their activity. The idea behind parkour is to adapt to
any environment and be creative about how you get through it. It is about freedom and self-
expression. The founder of parkour refused to teach people how to do moves or get over obstacles.
The whole point is to learn your own technique and way of moving. So the idea of having classes or
a limited space to practise in conflicts with the values of parkour.

E. Parkour is also known as freerunning. Sometimes freerunning refers to another form of parkour
developed by Sebastien Foucan, which has more focus on the individual. The term freerunning came
out of the film Jump London (2003). It told the story of three French traceurs practising parkour
around the famous monuments of London. Freerunning was the English translation of parkour. There
are more similarities than differences between the two activities, and the Parkour UK website uses
the two terms to refer to the same activity.

(Mindset for IELTS 1)

10
Questions 1-8

Do the following statements agree with the information given in Reading

Passage? In boxes 1-3 on your answer sheet, write

TRUE if the statement agrees with the information

FALSE if the statement contradicts the information

NOT GIVEN if there is no information on this

1. You have to use a limited number of moves in parkour.

2. Parkour is mainly done in the countryside.

3. Parkour began in the twentieth century.

4. The Yamakasi did not allow latecomers.

5. When doing parkour, Raymond Belle recommends that you always choose the easy route.

6. There are many gyms in France where you can do parkour.

7. The founder of parkour was a very good teacher of parkour.

8. Freerunning and parkour are similar.

11