UNIT 5 : AMBITION

5A
1. job /dʒɒb/ (n):
2. architect /ˈɑːkɪtekt/ (n): k
3. dentist /ˈdentɪst/ (n): nha sĩ
4. hairdresser /ˈheədresə(r)/ (n): thợ làm tóc
5. paramedic /ˌpærəˈmedɪk/ (n): nhân viên y tế
6. pilot /ˈpaɪlət/ (n): phi công
7. receptionist /rɪˈsepʃənɪst/ (n): nhân viên lễ tân
8. travel agent /ˈtræv.əl ˌeɪ.dʒənt/ (n): đại lý du lịch
9. waiter /ˈweɪtə(r)/ (n): bồi bàn
10. creative /kriˈeɪtɪv/ (adj): sáng tạo
11. challenging /ˈtʃælɪndʒɪŋ/ (adj): thách thức
12. tiring /ˈtaɪərɪŋ/ (adj): mệt mỏi
13. repetitive /rɪˈpetətɪv/ (adj): lặp đi lặp lại

5B
1. anxious /ˈæŋkʃəs/ (adj): lo lắng
2. interview /ˈɪntəvjuː/ (n): ỏng vấn
3. exciting /ɪkˈsaɪtɪŋ/ (adj): thú vị
4. boring /ˈbɔːrɪŋ/ (adj): nhàm chán
5. promise /ˈprɒmɪs/ (v): hứa
6. far /fɑː(r)/ (adj): xa
7. rain /reɪn/ (n): mưa
8. wet /wet/ (adj): ướt
9. lend /lend/ (v): cho mượn
10. storm /stɔːm/ (n): bão
5C
1. builder /ˈbɪldə(r)/ (n): người xây dựng
2. feet /fiːt/ (n): đôi chân
3. majority /məˈdʒɒrəti/ (n): số đông
4. journalist /ˈdʒɜːnəlɪst/ (n): nhà báo
5. gardener /ˈɡɑːdnə(r)/ (n): người làm vườn
6. estate agent /ɪˈsteɪt ˌeɪ.dʒənt/ (n): đại lý bất động sản
7. conflict /ˈkɒnflɪkt/ (n): xung đột
8. groundskeeper /ˈɡraʊndzkiːpə(r)/ (n): người giữ đất
9. photographer /fəˈtɒɡrəfə(r)/ (n): nhiếp ảnh gia
10. surfing instructor /sɝːf ɪnˈstrʌk.tɚ/ (n): người hướng dẫn lướt sóng
5D
1. mission /ˈmɪʃn/ (n): nhiệm vụ
 2. ambitious /æmˈbɪʃəs/ (adj): tham vọng
3. university /ˌjuːnɪˈvɜːsəti/ (n): đại học
4. degree /dɪˈɡriː/(n) (n): bằng cấp
5. police officer /pəˈliːs ˌɑː.fɪ.sɚ/ (n): cảnh sát viên
6. arrest /ə'rest/ (v): bắt giam
7. chef /ʃef/ (n): đầu bếp
5E
1. benefit /ˈbenɪfɪt/ (n): lợi ích
2. furthermore /ˌfɜːðəˈmɔː(r)/ (adv): hơn nữa
3. background /ˈbækɡraʊnd/ (n): nguồn gốc
4. decision /dɪˈsɪʒn/ (n): quyết định
5. sport /spɔːt/ (n): thể thao
6. semi-professional /ˌsemi prəˈfeʃənl/ (adj): bán chuyên nghiệp
7. opportunity /ˌɒpəˈtjuːnəti/ (n): cơ hội
5F
1. manage /ˈmænɪdʒ/ (n): quản lý
2. agree /əˈɡriː/ (v): đồng ý
3. reporter /rɪˈpɔːtə(r)/ (n): phóng viên
4. manufacturer /ˌmænjuˈfæktʃərə(r)/ (n): nhà sản xuất
5. participate /pɑːˈtɪsɪpeɪt/ (v): tham dự
6. advice /ədˈvaɪs/ (n): lời khuyên
7. fantastic /fænˈtæstɪk/ (adj): tuyệt vời
8. interested /ˈɪntrəstɪd/ (adj): quan tâm
5G
1. uniform /ˈjuːnɪfɔːm/ (n): đồng phục
2. busy /ˈbɪzi/ (adj): bận rộn
3. fresh air /freʃ er/ (n): không khí trong lành
4. hard /hɑːrd/ (adj): chăm chỉ
5. friendly /ˈfrendli/ (adj):
6. sales /seɪlz/ (n): bán hàng

5H
1. charity /ˈtʃærəti/ (n): từ thiện
2. volunteer /ˌvɒlənˈtɪə(r)/ (n): tình nguyện viên
3. steward /ˈstjuːəd/ (n): người quản lý
4. bad /bæd/ (adj): tệ
5. sociable /ˈsəʊʃəbl/ (adj): hòa đồng
6. experience /ɪkˈspɪəriəns/ (n): kinh nghiệm
7. fair /feə(r)/ (n): hội chợ
5I
 1. positive /ˈpɒzətɪv/ (adj): tích cực
2. formal /ˈfɔːml/ (adj): trang trọng
3. material /məˈtɪəriəl/ (n) (n): vật liệu
4. energetic /ˌenəˈdʒetɪk/ (adj): năng lượng
5. reliable /rɪˈlaɪəbl/ (adj): đáng tin
6. moreover /mɔːrˈəʊvə(r)/ (adv): hơn nữa
Review Unit 5
1. subject /ˈsʌbdʒɪkt/ (n): môn
2. angry /ˈæŋɡri/ (adj): tức giận
3. competitor /kəmˈpetɪtə(r)/ (n): đối thủ cạnh tranh
4. entrepreneur /ˌɒntrəprəˈnɜː(r)/ (n): doanh nhân
5. famous /ˈfeɪməs/ (adj): nổi tiếng
6. physically /ˈfɪzɪkli/ (adv): thể chất
7. firefighter /ˈfaɪəfaɪtə(r)/ (n): lính cứu hỏa
8. suitable /ˈsuːtəbl/(adj) (adj): phù hợp
9. request /rɪˈkwest/ (n): yêu cầu
10. perform /pəˈfɔːm/ (v): thực hiện
GRAMMAR
1.Will, be going to
2.The first conditional
3.Defining and nondefining relative clauses
1.Will, be going to
Cấu trúc Be going to là gì?

Khái niệm

Cấu trúc Be going to mang nghĩa là “sẽ”, nó được sử dụng nhằm diễn tả một việc có dự định, kế hoạch cụ thể
sẽ xảy ra trong tương lai, cụ thể là tương lai gần.
Ví dụ:
 I am going to visit my grandmother at weekend. (Tôi sẽ đi thăm bà ngoại vào cuối tuần này)
Việc “Tôi” đi thăm bà ngoại là đã có kế hoạch, dự định từ trước, đây là tương lai gần nên ta sử dụng cấu trúc
“am going to” để diễn tả hành động đó.
Cấu trúc Be going to ở các dạng câu khác nhau

DẠNG KHẲNG ĐỊNH DẠNG PHỦ ĐỊNH DẠNG NGHI VẤN

CẤU
S + be going to + V S + be + not + going to + V Be + S + going to + V
TRÚC

VÍ DỤ  I’m going to  He isn’t going to  Are you going to

travel the London
this month. (Tôi
sẽ đi du lịch
London vào tháng
này.)
buy a house next sell this house?
month. (Anh ấy sẽ (Bạn định bán
mua nhà vào tháng ngôi nhà này à?)
sau)  Are you going to
 We aren’t going to plant an orange
 play volleyball this
 He’s going to buy tree in the yard?
weekend. (Chúng
this car. (Anh ấy (Bạn định trồng
tôi sẽ không chơi
sẽ mua chiếc xe một cây cam trước
bóng chuyền vào
này) sân à?)
cuối tuần này)

Sau be going to luôn là động

LƯU Ý
từ nguyên thể.
Cấu trúc Be going to có những cách sử dụng những cách sửu dụng nào?

Được sử dụng để diễn tả một hành động sắp xảy ra trong tương lai gần.
Ví dụ:
 I’m going to have a talk show on the weekend. (Tôi sẽ có một buổi tọa đàm vào cuối tuần.)
 She is going to hold the class meeting tomorrow. (Cô ấy sẽ tổ chức họp lớp vào ngày mai.)
Được sử dụng khi người nói muốn dự đoán một điều gì đó. (Khả năng xảy ra là cao và có dự định từ trước).
Ví dụ:
 Look! It’s going to be rainy. (Nhìn kìa! Trời sẽ mưa đó.)
 A fierce storm! The water isn’t going to recede until the storm stops. (Cơn bão lớn quá! Nước sẽ
không rút cho đến khi con bão dừng lại.)
Được dùng để nói về một dự định trong quá khứ nhưng chưa được thực hiện.( be sẽ có dạng là was hoặc
were.)
Ví dụ:
 Yesterday I was going to play badminton. (Hôm qua, tôi đã định đi chơi cầu lông.)
 He was going to eat sandwiches yesterday. (Anh ấy đã định ăn sandwiches ngày hôm qua.)
Lưu ý: was/were going to là cấu trúc mang ý nghĩa cụ thể và không phải thì quá khứ đơn hay bất kỳ thì nào
trong tiếng Anh.
Cấu trúc Be going to và Will khác nhau như thế nào?

a/ Khi ra quyết định

BE GOING TO WILL

Dùng để diễn tả những kế hoạch, dự định đã được Dùng để diễn tả những quyết định về hành động trong tương
lên từ trước đó. lai bộc phát tại thời điểm nói.
➥ Ví dụ:
 We are going to travel to Ha Noi cave after your semester. (Chúng tôi sẽ tới Ha Nội sau học kì của
bạn)
 Too tired! We will travel to Ha Noi after your semester. (Quá mệt mỏi rồi. Chúng ta hãy đến Hà Nội
sau học kì của bạn)
b/ Khi dự đoán

BE GOING TO WILL

Dùng để diễn tả những dự đoán chắc chắn đã Dùng để diễn tả những dự đoán chủ quan, thường đi kèm
có cơ sở và sự phân tích. với những động từ think, hope, believe, assume…
➥ Ví dụ:
  He called me last night. He is going to come here tomorrow. (Anh ấy đã gọi tôi vào tối qua. Anh ấy
dự định sẽ tới đây vào ngày mai)
 I hope my grandmother will come here tomorrow. (Tôi hy vọng bà ngoại sẽ tới đây vào ngày mai)
Bài tập
1: Cho dạng đúng của động từ trong ngoặc trong phần bên dưới.
1.Tam (do) ____________ that exercise at 8 p.m tommorrow.
2. Linda (go) ___________ to school early.
3. I think they (marry) __________ next year.
4. A: Go and tidy your bedroom.
B: I (not/do) __________ it.
5. A: Why don’t we meet for office on Monday afternoon?
B: Sorry. I can’t. I (see) ____________ the doctor then.
6. ‘My best friend had an accident yesterday’. Oh! I see I (visit) ___________ her.
7. They (stay) _____________ here until he answers them.
8. She’s sure that her boss (understand) ______________ her problem.
9. Don’t worry! I (drive) _____________ carefully.
10. He (talk) ______________ to her. Very soon she (talk) ______________ to her.
2: Tìm và sửa lỗi sai (nếu có)
1.Binh is having the salad and the chicken now.
2. Son isn’t playing the piano tonight.
3. S: There’s no coffee left.
P: Oh! I get some from the shop.
4. Are you going to walking home tonight?
5. The concern is going to finishing early tomorrow evening.
3: Hoàn thành các câu sau và chia động từ thích hợp
1.Where/you/go/dinner?
➔__________________________________________________________.
2. What/you/drink?
➔__________________________________________________________.
3. When/will/Begin/famous?
➔__________________________________________________________.
4. I/think/get/taxi/because/tobe/tired/now.
➔__________________________________________________________.
5. painter/not/going/paint/white wall.
➔__________________________________________________________.
6. You/going/see/new movie/theater/I/see/last week.
➔__________________________________________________________.
7. Lan/going/take part/contest?
➔__________________________________________________________.
8. My sister/forget/phone/me/./She/do/it/immediately.
➔__________________________________________________________.
Bài 4: Sửa lại các lỗi ngữ pháp trong các câu dưới đây:
1. My sister and I am going to visit our grandparents in the country this Friday.
➨
2. Are your parents going to buy a new house?
➨
3. It’s very cloudy. It’s go to rain.
➨
4. Ms. Lisa is going for the zoo
➨
5. Lily and Windy is going to buy some rice, coffee and beef.
➨
6. When is he going to visit London? – Next Sunday
➨
7. My brother isn’t go to do the housework this weekend
➨
Bài 5: Chia động từ trong ngoặc để có một câu hoàn chỉnh:
1. Jennie______15 next Monday. ( be)
2. Next summer, I _____to London. My brother lives there and he bought me a plane ticket for my birthday.
(travel)
3. It’s getting cold. I ____ my coat! (take)
4. Are you going to the cinema? Wait for me. I____ with you! (go)
5. Jackson, those bags seem quite heavy. I____ you carry them. (help)
6. Look at those black clouds. I think it ____ . (rain)
7. Bye Bye Thomas. I ______ you when I arrive home! (phone)
8. What _____you_____(do) tomorrow? I______(visit) my grandmother.
9. What a beautiful girl! I ____ her out next Sunday! (ask)
10. Those watermelons seem delicious. We (buy)___________
11. Be careful! That tree ____ (fall)
12. Bye! I ____ back! (be)
13. They wear sneakers because they _______ badminton.(play)
14. I ____ you sometime this evening. (see)
15. Bye for now. Perhaps I ____ you later. (see)
16. It’s hot in here, I think I ______ on the fan. (turn)
17. This summer I____ What are your plans? (stay)
18. Be careful! You _____down from the stairs! (fall)
19. The French test _____on June 7th. (be)
20. Be quiet or you ____ the baby up! (wake)
Bài tập 6
1. The film __________ at 10:30 pm. (to end)
2. Taxes __________ next month. (to increase)
3. I __________ your email address. (not/to remember)
4. Why __________ me your car? (you/not/to lend)
5. __________ the window, please? I can’t reach. (you/to open)
7. We _________ camping this weekend. (go)
8. I _________ my hair cut tomorrow because it’s too long (have)
9. She _________ a new dress because she has had enough money.(buy)
10. I think that John_________our new manager(be)
Key
1. The film __________ at 10:30 pm. (to end)
Key: is ending( Bộ phim này sẽ chiếu lúc 10 rưỡi tối – sự kiện sắp tới có mốc thời gian cụ thể)
2. Taxes __________ next month. (to increase)
1. CẤU TRÚC CÂU ĐIỀU KIỆN LOẠI 1
Định nghĩa: Câu điều kiện loại 1 thường dùng để đặt ra một điều kiện có thể có thật (ở hiện tại hoặc tương lai)
với kết quả có thể xảy ra.
Cấu trúc:
Mệnh đề điều kiện Mệnh đề chính
If + S + V(s/es) S + will/can/shall + V(nguyên mẫu)
IF+ thì hiện tại đơn Will + Động từ nguyên mẫu

Cách dùng:
 Mệnh đề If có thể đứng đầu câu hoặc giữa câu. Thông thường, mệnh đề trước If chia ở thì hiện tại đơn, còn
mệnh đề sau thì chia ở thì tương lai đơn.
Câu điều kiện loại 1 dùng để chỉ sự việc có thể xảy ra ở hiện tại hoặc tương lai
 EX: If I get up early in the morning, I will go to school on time.
 Nếu tôi dậy sớm vào buổi sáng, tôi sẽ đến trường học đúng giờ.
>>> Câu điều kiện loại 1 có thể sử dụng để đề nghị và gợi ý
 EX: If you need a ticket, I can get you one.
 Nếu bạn cần mua vé, tôi có thể mua dùm bạn một cái.
>>> Câu điều kiện loại 1 dùng để cảnh báo hoặc đe dọa
 EX: If you come in, he will kill you.
 Nếu bạn bước vào đó, anh ta sẽ giết bạn.
Một vài lưu ý về câu điều kiện loại 1
>>> Đôi khi có thể sử dụng thì hiện tại đơn trong cả hai mệnh đề.
 Cách dùng này có nghĩa là sự việc này luôn tự động xảy ra theo sau sự việc khác.
 EX: If David has any money, he spends it.
 Nếu David có đồng nào, anh ấy sẽ tiêu đồng ấy.
>>> Có thể sử dụng “will” trong mệnh đề IF khi chúng ta đưa ra yêu cầu
 EX: If you’ll wait a moment, I’ll find someone to help you. (= Please wait a moment … )
 Nếu bạn đợi một lát, tôi sẽ tìm người giúp bạn.
>>> Có thể sử dụng thì hiện tại tiếp diễn hoặc hiện tại hoàn thành trong mệnh đề IF
 Ex: If we’re expecting a lot of visitors, the museum will need a good clean.
 Nếu chúng ta muốn có nhiều khách tham quan thì bảo tàng cần thật sạch sẽ.
>>>Trong trường hợp có thể xảy ra trong tương lai và nhấn mạnh vào tính liên tục, trạng thái đang diễn ra,
hoàn thành của sự việc.
Sử dụng công thức: If + HTĐ, TLTD/TLHT.
 Ex: If we go home today, we will be having a party tomorrow.
 Nếu chúng ta về nhà hôm nay, chúng ta sẽ có một bữa tiệc ngày mai.
Trường hợp thể hiện sự cho phép, đồng ý, gợi ý
Sử dụng công thức: If + HTĐ, ... may/can + V-inf.
 EX: If it’s a nice day tomorrow, we’ll go to the beach.
 Nếu ngày mai trời đẹp, chúng tôi sẽ đi biển.
Với câu gợi ý, đề nghị, yêu cầu, khuyên răn mà nhấn mạnh về hành động
Sử dụng công thức: If + HTĐ, ... would like to/must/have to/should... + V-inf.
 EX: If you want to lose weight, you should do some exercise.
 Nếu bạn muốn giảm cân thì nên làm bài tập luyện.
Với câu mệnh lệnh (chủ ngữ ẩn ở mệnh đề chính)
Công thức: If + HTĐ, (do not) V-inf.
 EX: If you are thirty, drink a cup of water.
 Nếu bạn khát, hãy uống một cốc nước.
I. Điền thông tin thực của nhiều kiểu người khác nhau vào trong câu với "if + Present Simple + Present
Simple". Hãy dùng "you" làm chủ từ của cả hai vế câu.
1.Vegetarians don't eat meat.
If you're a vegetarian, _____________________________
2. People who live in a cold country don't like hot weather.
If you live ______________________________________
3. Teachers have to work very hard.
If you're a teacher, _______________________________
4. People who do a lot of exercise stay fit and healthy.
If you _________________________________________
5. Mechanics understand engines.
If you're a ______________________________________
6. People who read newspapers know what's happening in the world.
If you __________________________________________
II. Hoàn thành những câu sau với "if + Present Simple + will/won't", sử dụng những từ trong ngoặc đơn
( ). Đôi khi bạn không cần thay đổi những từ trong ngoặc đơn.
If it rains (it/rain), we won't go (we/not/go) fishing.
1. If__________(the weather/be) beautiful tomorrow, ____________(we/drive) tothe beach.
2. If ___________ (she/send) the letter now, ____________ (they/receive) ittomorrow.
3. ____________ (Fred/be) angry if ___________ (Jack/arrive) late again.
4. ______________ (I/come) to your house if ________(I/have) enough time.
5. If ____________ (she/not/pass) this exam, ____________ (she/not/get) the job that she wants.
6. _______________ (you/learn) a lot if _____________ (you/take) this course.
7. If ____________ (I/get) a ticket, ________________(I/go) to the cinema.
8. ____________ (I/buy) that machine if _______________(it/not/cost) too much.
9. ____________ (you/run) very fast, ______________ (you/catch) the taxi.
10. __________(I/go) to the doctor's if ____________ (I/not/feel) better tomorrow.
11.______________ (they/win) this match, ___________ (they/be) the champions.
III. Hoàn thành những đoạn đối thoại sau với thì hiện tại đơn hoặc dạng "will/won't" của những từ trong
ngoặc đơn ( ). Đôi khi bạn không cần thay đổi từ trong ngoặc đơn.
A: We must be at the theatre at 7 o'clock.
-----> B: Well, if we take (we/take) a bus at six o'clock, we won't be (we/not/be) late.
1. A: I'd like a magazine.
B: Well, _________ (I/buy) one for you if _________(I/go) to the shop later.
2. A: Has Jack phoned yet?
B: No, and if ________ (he/not/phone) this afternoon, _________ (I/phone) him this evening.
3. A: Is Mary there, please?
B: No, but if ________ (you/want) to leave a message,_________ (I/give) it to her.
4. A: Is Tom going to pass his exam?
B: Well, ________ (he/fail) if ________ (he/not/study) harder.
5. A: Could I have some information about this year's concerts, please?
B: Yes, if _________ (you/fill in) this form, _________(I/send) it to you in the post
IV. Hoàn thành các câu sau đây theo điều kiện loại 1 của những từ trong ( ).
1) If we __________ (to send) an invitation, our friends __________ (to come) to our party.
2) He __________ (not/to understand) you if you __________ (to whisper).
3) They __________ (not/to survive) in the desert if they __________ (not/to take) extra water with them.
4) If you __________ (to press) CTRL + s, you __________ (to save) the file.
5) You __________ (to cross) the Channel if you __________ (to fly) from Paris to London.
6) Fred __________ (to answer) the phone if his wife __________ (to have) a bath.
7) If Claire __________ (to wear) this dress at the party, our guests __________ (not/to stay) any longer.
8) If I __________ (to touch) this snake, my girlfriend __________ (not/to scream).
9) She __________ (to forget) to pick you up if you __________ (not/to phone) her.
10) I __________ (to remember) you if you __________ (to give) me a photo.
V. Chia động từ trong ngoặc
1) If I _____ (study), I _____ (pass) the exams.
2) If the sun _____ (shine), we _____ (walk) to the town.
3) If he _____ (have) a temperature, he _____ (see) the doctor.
4) If my friends _____ (come), I _____ (be) very happy.
5) If she _____ (earn) a lot of money, she _____ (fly) to New York.
6) If we _____ ( travel) to London, we _____ (visit) the museums.
7) If you _____ (wear) sandals in the mountains, you _____ (slip) on the rocks.
8) If Rita _____ (forget) her homework, the teacher _____ (give) her a low mark.
9) If they _____ (go) to the disco, they _____ (listen) to loud music.
10) If you _____ (wait) a minute, I _____ (ask) my parents.
VI. Identify the one underlined word or phrase that must be changed to make the sentence correct.
1. If(A) someone came(B) into the store, smile (C) and say, “May (D) I help you?”
2. If(A) you do not understand(B) what were written (C) in the book, you could ask (D) Mr. Pike.
3. If(A) there isn’t(B) enough food (C), we couldn’t continue (D) our journey.
4. If(A) anyone will phone(B), tell (C) them I’ll be (D) back at 11:00.
5. I will come(A) to meet Mr. Pike and tell him about(B) your problems if (C) you didn’t solve (D) them.
VII. Put the verb in the brackets in the correct form:
 Example: If it (rain) ____rains____, we (not go) ___will not go _____to the cinema.
1. If the weather (be) ___________nice tomorrow, we (drive) ____________to our farm.
2. If we (send) ________________this message now, they (receive) ____________ it in time.
3. He (be) __________________ angry if you (come) __________________late again.
4. If I (have) __________________enough time, I (do) __________________this homework.
5. I (take) ________________a photo of this beach if I (have) ______________a camera.
6. You (be) __________________punished if you (fail) __________________the exam.
7. If it (rain) __________________this weekend, we (stay) __________________at home.
8. She (do) __________________it if she (promise) __________________you.
9. What______ you (do) ____________if you (not have) __________________money?
10. The kitchen (look) __________________ better if we (have) __________________red curtains.
11. If I (not do) __________________ my homework now, I (not be able to) __________________ go out later.
12. Charlie (eat) __________________ your chips if you (not finish) __________________ them.
13. I (be) __________________ in my office if she (need) __________________ anything.
14. If Kate (go) __________________ to America, I (miss) __________________ her.
15. If my brother (not get)__________________ a ticket, he (not be able to) __________________ go to the
match.
16. If Mike (come) __________________ late, his girldfriend (be) __________________ annoyed.
17. The climate (change) __________________ if more trees (die)__________________.
18. Tom (come) __________________ to the party if you (invite) __________________ him.
VIII. Begin the sentenes below with unless. Make any necessary changes.
1. If they don’t practise a lot, they will lose the game.
Unless ___________________________________________________.
2. I’ll miss the train if I don’t go now.
_________________________________________________________.
3. If she doesn’t answer the phone, leave her a message.
_________________________________________________________.
4. If you don’t pay the bill, I’ll call the police.
_________________________________________________________.
5. If he doesn’t work hard, he won’t pass the examination.
_________________________________________________________.

Mệnh đề quan hệ (Relative Clauses) : Định Nghĩa, Phân loại , cách sử dụng và bài tập về mệnh đề quan
hệ trong tiếng anh

I.Defining Relative Clauses (Mệnh đề quan hệ xác định)

a/ Định nghĩa Được dùng để bổ nghĩa cho danh từ đi trước nó, tức là làm chức năng định ngữ.
b/ Cách sử dụng mệnh đề quan hệ xác định :
1. Đại từ quan hệ thay thế cho danh từ
e.g: + The students work very hard. They come from japan
---> The students who/ that comes from Japan work very hard.
+ The shop is closed today. It sells that kind of bread.
 ---> The shop which/ that sells that kinds of bread is closed today
2. Mệnh đề quan hệ xác định thường đứng sau the + noun. Ngòai ra chúng có thể được dùng sau mạo từ a,
an + danh từ hoặc danh từ số nhiều không có the, và những đại từ như all, none, anybody, somebody,....
e.g: + I like the ruler which my friend bought from Laos very much
+ Somebody who must be a naughty boy made my window broken when i was not at home.
3. Mệnh đề quan hệ xác định thường được đặt ngay sau the+ danh từ hoặc đại từ, nhưng đôi khi
chúng bị tách ra bởi một từ hoặc 1 cụm từ ( thường là trạng ngữ).
e.g: I saw something in the newspaper which would interest you.
4. Dấu phẩy không được dùng trong mệnh đề quan hệ xác định
5. Chúng ta không thể bỏ được mệnh đề quan hệ trong câu vì như thế làm nghĩa của câu không rõ ràng.
6. Whom là 1 từ rất trang trọng và chỉ được sử dụng trong văn viết. CHúng ta có thể sử dụng who/ that
hoặc bỏ đi cũng được!
e.g: -The man whom we are talking about is a successfull businessman.
-The man (who/ that) we are talking about is a successfull businessman.
7. That thường theo sau các từ như something, anything, everything, nothing, all và trong so sánh bậc nhất
e.g: + Is there anything that we must pay attention to?
+ It is the most delicious that i've ever tasted
8. Gíơi từ trong mệnh đề quan hệ
a. Giới từ thường được đặt ở cuối mệnh đề quan hệ.
e.g: + The beautiful girl smiled. I was looking at her
---> The beautiful girl that/ who i was looking at smiled.
+ The room was untidy. The young boy lived in it.
---> The room which the young boy lived in was untidy
1. Trong văn viết hoặc để diễn đạt ý một cách trang trọng, giới từ thường đặt trước đại từ quan hệ.
e.g: +The girl at whom i was looking smiled
+ The room in which the young boy lived was untidy.
II.Non-defining Relative Clauses ( Mệnh đề quan hệ không xác định)
a/ Definition (định nghĩa):

Mệnh đề quan hệ không xác định được dùng để bổ nghĩa cho 1 danh từ được đề cập đến trong câu. Nó cho ta biết thông
sự vật, một hiện tượng nào đó được biểu hiện ở danh từ mà nó bổ nghĩa.

e.g: + William Shakespeare, who was in Stratford-on-Avon, wrote the play "Romeo and Juliet"

b/ Cách sử dụng mệnh đề quan hệ không xác định

1. Mệnh đề quan hệ không xác định luôn được tách ra khỏi phần còn lại của câu = dấu phẩy.
e.g: + Mr John, who is the vice-president of our University, is going to LonDon next week.
+ This church, which is very quiet, is famous for its peaceful atmosphere.

2. Trong mệnh đề quan hệ không xác định, ta không dùng that thay thế cho who, whom, hoặc which
3. Chúng ta không được phép bỏ đại từ quan hệ, ngay cả khi nó là tân ngữ của động từ trong mệnh đề
quan hệ không xác định.

e.g: + He told me about Susan, who he just met at a party

He told me about Susan, he just met at a party

WHO : dùng thế cho chủ từ - ngừoi

WHOM : dùng thế cho túc từ - ngừoi
WHICH : dùng thế cho chủ từ lẫn túc từ - vật
WHEN : dùng thế cho thời gian
WHERE : dùng thế cho nơi chốn
THAT : dùng thế cho tất cả các chữ trên ( có 2 ngoại lệ xem phần dưới )
WHOSE : dùng thế cho sở hửu ,người / vật
OF WHICH : dùng thế cho sở hửu vật
WHY : dùng thế cho lý do ( reason /cause )

CÁCH GIẢI BÀI TẬP DÙNG ĐẠI TỪ QUAN HỆ WHO ,WHICH...

DẠNG 1 : NỐI 2 CÂU
Practice
I. Fill in the blanks with WHO, WHICH or THAT:
1. The men _______ lives next-door are English.
2. The dictionary _______ you gave me is very good.
3. Do you know the girls _______ are standing outside the church?
4. The police are looking for the thieve _______ got into my house last night.
5. The chocolate _______ you like comes from the United States.
6. I have lost the necklace _______ my mother gave me on my birthday.
7. A burglar is someone _______ breaks into a house and steals things.
8. Buses _______ go to the airport run every half hour.
9. I can't find the key _______ opens this door.
10. I gave you a book _______ had many pictures.
11. I don't like the boy _______ Sue is going out with.
12. Did you see the beautiful dress _______ she wore yesterday.
13. The man _______ she is going to marry is very rich.
14. This is the bank _______ was robbed yesterday.
15. He wore a mask _______ made him look like Mickey Mouse.
II. Fill in the blanks with WHO, WHICH or WHOSE:
1. He arrived with a friend ______ waited outside in the car.
2. The man ______ mobile was ringing did not know what to do.
3. The car ______ the robbers escaped in was a BMW.
4. The woman ______ daughter was crying tried to calm her down.
5. The postman ______ works in the village is very old.
6. The family ______ car was stolen last week is the Smiths.
7. The cowboy ______ is wearing a red shirt looks very funny.
8. A bus is a big car ______ carries lots of people.
9. The volunteers, ______ enthusiasm was obvious, finished the work quickly.
10. Children ______ like music are often good at mathematics.
11. The engineers ______ designed the building received an award.
12. The girl ______ recited the poem is my niece.
13. The townspeople, ______ pride in their community is well- known, raised enough money to build a new
town hall.
14. The Pacific Ocean, ______ might have been crossed by raft during the Stone Age, is the world's largest
ocean.
15. The newspaper to ______ we subscribe is delivered regularly.
III. Put who/ whom/ which/ that/ where…. in the blank
1. The parents thanked the woman ____had saved their son
2. The factory _____closed last week had been there for many years
3. Two men, neither of _____I had been before, came into my office.
4. I like the ice-cream ____they sell in that shop
5. He ate the food _____ no one else wanted
6. John has got a new mobile phone ____ takes photos
7. The village _____ I ran out of petrol didn’t have a petrol station
8. The job for _____she has applied is in London
9. John sold his computer, _____he no longer need, to his cousin
10. Teddy has two cars, one of ____ is very expensive.
IV. Combine These Pairs Of Sentences Using Relative Pronouns:
1. The first boy has just moved. He knows the truth.
.................................................. .................................................. ......
2. I don't remember the man. You said you met him at the canteen last week.
.................................................. .................................................. ......
3. The only thing is how to go home. It make me worried.
.................................................. .................................................. ......
4. The most beautiful girl lives city. I like her long hair very much.
.................................................. .................................................. ......
5. He was Tom. I met him at the bar yesterday.
.................................................. .................................................. ......
6. The children often go swimming on Sundays. They have much free time then.
.................................................. .................................................. ......
7. They are looking for the man and his dog. They have lost the way in the forest.
.................................................. .................................................. ......
8. The tree has lovely flowers. The tree stands near the gate of my house.
.................................................. .................................................. ......
9. My wife wants you to come to dinner. You were speaking to my wife
.................................................. .................................................. ......
10. The last man has just returned from the farm. I want to talk to him at once.
.................................................. .................................................. ......
11. The students will be awarded the present. The students' reports are very valuable.
.................................................. .................................................. ......
12. The book was a lovely story. I was reading it yesterday.
.................................................. .................................................. ......
13. The botanist will never forget the day. He found a strange plant on that day.
.................................................. .................................................. ......
14. Someone is phoning you. He looked for you three hours ago.
.................................................. .................................................. ......
15. The man works for my father's company. The man's daughter is fond of dancing.
.................................................. .................................................. ......
V. Rewrite the following sentences by using relative clauses
1. He worked for a woman. She used to be an artist.
2. They called a doctor. He lived nearby.
3. I wrote an email to my sister. She lives in Italy.
4. Linh liked the waiter. He was very friendly.
5. We broke a car. It belonged to my uncle.
6. Ba dropped a cup. It was new.
7. Nam loves books. They have happy endings.
8. I live in a city. It is in the north of Vietnam.
9. The man is in the class. He is wearing a blue hat.
10. The woman works in a hospital. She is from India.
11. My sister has four sons. She lives in Japan.
12. The man was rude. He was wearing a red shirt.
13. The phone is on the table. It belongs to An.
14. The TV got broken. It was my grandfather’s.
15. The radio was stolen. It was bought 35 years ago.
16. The girl gave Binh his phone. She is his daughter.
17. This is the laptop. My mother has just bought it.
18. That’s the man. His car is a Ferrari.
19. I know the woman. She lives upstairs.
20. It’s the dog. I always talk to him at night.
21. She opened the cupboard. She kept her best glasses in there.
22. This is the house. General Giap lived here.
23. The flight was canceled. We were going to take it.
24. I saw the lady in the shop. She was Vicki Zhao.
25. The man is a director. His dog is sick.
26. My violin is missing. It was my birthday present.
27. I first learn English from a book. I’ve just reread it.
28. The police officer has just arrested a man. He robbed the bank.
29. These are the shoes. I bought them in HCMC.
VI. Combine two sentences by using reduced relative clauses
1. She bought the car. Her father had recommended it.
2. He lost the pen. I had given it to him.
3. We called the delivery company. Nga often uses it.
4. Lam met a girl. I used to employ her.
5. Chi called the lawyer. My mother knows him.
6. He brought a woman. I worked with her last year.
7. We employed the pianist. Hai introduced her.
8. The cake is on the table. I bought it.
9. The book belongs to Lan. An found it under the chair.
10. The food was delicious. Huy cooked the food.
11. The bike was stolen. My parents gave me the bike.
12. The man was arrested. I reported him to the police.
13. The teacher was right. Ngan asked him about her problem.
14. The writer was very pretty. My brother dated her.
15. The secretary is in the office. Dzung likes her.
16. We ate the food. I bought the food.
VII. Make one sentence from two. Use who/ which/ that/ where …..
1. I went to see a doctor. She had helped my father
I went to see the doctor ___________________
2. A woman wrote to me. She wanted my advice
The woman ______________________
3. Mary was wearing the red dress. It was made in France
Mary was wearing the red dress ______________
4. We stayed at Sofitel hotel. Mark recommended it to us
We stayed at Sofitel hotel ___________________
5. John is one of my closest friends. I have known him for three years
John is one of my closest friends ______________
6. New York is one of the largest cities in the USA. My sister is living there
New York is one of the largest cities in the USA___________
7. Ann talked to a man. He won a lot of money
Ann talked to the man___________
8. The couple has got a married again. Their divorce was in the newspapers
The couple ___________________
9. He is an architect. He designed the new city library
He is the architect _____________
10. Jerry sent me a letter. It was very funny.
Jerry sent me the letter __________
X. Viết lại câu sao cho nghĩa không đổi
1. The man is her father. You met him last week.
_______________________________________.
2. Zoe likes the blue T-shirt. My sister is wearing it.
_______________________________________.
3. Show me the new hats. You bought them last night.
_______________________________________.
4. Zoe has a sister. Her sister’s name is Juma.
_______________________________________.
5. That is a company. It produces rings.
_______________________________________.
6. The children were attracted by the show. It was performed so many.
_______________________________________.
7. My best friend can compose songs. Ly sings folk songs very well.
_______________________________________.
8. Tet is a festival. Tet often happens in late January or early February.
_______________________________________.
9. Zoe bought a new phone yesterday. I can use it to send and receive messages.
_______________________________________.
10. Jack is the boy. He is giving my mom a gift.
______________________________________.
XI. Combine the following sentences using relatives pronouns
1. Al Gore gave a long and boring speech. He won the Nobel Prize.
______________________________________.
2. Social network sites will definitely change business. They are very popular
______________________________________.
3. Last week, Jim Taylor interviewed Sally Thomson. She is my neighbour.
______________________________________.
4. Whiting House is an important local monument. It was built in 1856.
______________________________________.
5. John F. Kennedy was assassinated in 1963. He was president of the USA.
______________________________________.
6. This is the man. I met him in Paris.
______________________________________.
7. I wanted the painting. You bought it.
______________________________________.
8. This is the chair. My parents gave it to me.
______________________________________.
9. She’s the woman. She telephoned the police.
______________________________________.
10. He’s the person. He wanted to buy your house.
______________________________________.
11. We threw out the computer. It never worked properly.
______________________________________.