Version 7.3.

PVsyst - Simulation report

Grid-Connected System

Project: Mini Grid for Kisooba Trading Center in Luweero District

Variant: New simulation variant
No 3D scene defined, no shadings
System power: 101 kWp
Mubanda - Uganda

Author
 Project: Mini Grid for Kisooba Trading Center in Luweero
District
PVsyst V7.3.1
Variant: New simulation variant
VC0, Simulation date:
17/03/24 16:22
with v7.3.1

Project summary
Geographical Site Situation Project settings
Mubanda Latitude 0.61 °N Albedo 0.20
Uganda Longitude 32.49 °E
Altitude 1229 m
Time zone UTC+3

Meteo data
Mini Grid for Kisooba Trading Center in Luweero Di
Meteonorm 8.1 (1991-2007), Sat=100% - Synthetic

System summary
Grid-Connected System No 3D scene defined, no shadings

PV Field Orientation Near Shadings User's needs

Fixed plane No Shadings Unlimited load (grid)
Tilt/Azimuth 12 / 0 °

System information
PV Array Inverters
Nb. of modules 234 units Nb. of units 1 unit
Pnom total 101 kWp Pnom total 100 kWac
Pnom ratio 1.006

Results summary
Produced Energy 184314 kWh/year Specific production 1832 kWh/kWp/year Perf. Ratio PR 85.15 %

Table of contents
Project and results summary 2
General parameters, PV Array Characteristics, System losses 3
Main results 4
Loss diagram 5
Predef. graphs 6
Single-line diagram 7
Cost of the system 8
Financial analysis 10
CO₂ Emission Balance 13

17/03/24 Page 2/13

 Project: Mini Grid for Kisooba Trading Center in Luweero
District
PVsyst V7.3.1
Variant: New simulation variant
VC0, Simulation date:
17/03/24 16:22
with v7.3.1

General parameters
Grid-Connected System No 3D scene defined, no shadings

PV Field Orientation
Orientation Sheds configuration Models used
Fixed plane No 3D scene defined Transposition Perez
Tilt/Azimuth 12 / 0 ° Diffuse Perez, Meteonorm
Circumsolar separate

Horizon Near Shadings User's needs

Free Horizon No Shadings Unlimited load (grid)

PV Array Characteristics
PV module Inverter
Manufacturer Jinkosolar Manufacturer Eltek Valere
Model JKM-430N-54HL4 Model Theia Central 100 TL
(Original PVsyst database) (Original PVsyst database)
Unit Nom. Power 430 Wp Unit Nom. Power 100 kWac
Number of PV modules 234 units Number of inverters 1 unit
Nominal (STC) 101 kWp Total power 100 kWac
Modules 13 Strings x 18 In series Operating voltage 450-820 V
At operating cond. (50°C) Pnom ratio (DC:AC) 1.01
Pmpp 93.1 kWp
U mpp 528 V
I mpp 176 A

Total PV power Total inverter power

Nominal (STC) 101 kWp Total power 100 kWac
Total 234 modules Number of inverters 1 unit
Module area 457 m² Pnom ratio 1.01

Array losses
Thermal Loss factor DC wiring losses Module Quality Loss
Module temperature according to irradiance Global array res. 49 mΩ Loss Fraction -0.8 %
Uc (const) 20.0 W/m²K Loss Fraction 1.5 % at STC
Uv (wind) 0.0 W/m²K/m/s

Module mismatch losses Strings Mismatch loss

Loss Fraction 2.0 % at MPP Loss Fraction 0.1 %

IAM loss factor

Incidence effect (IAM): Fresnel, AR coating, n(glass)=1.526, n(AR)=1.290

0° 30° 50° 60° 70° 75° 80° 85° 90°

1.000 0.999 0.987 0.962 0.892 0.816 0.681 0.440 0.000

17/03/24 Page 3/13

 Project: Mini Grid for Kisooba Trading Center in Luweero
District
PVsyst V7.3.1
Variant: New simulation variant
VC0, Simulation date:
17/03/24 16:22
with v7.3.1

Main results
System Production
Produced Energy 184314 kWh/year Specific production 1832 kWh/kWp/year
Performance Ratio PR 85.15 %

Economic evaluation
Investment Yearly cost LCOE
Global 64,019.96 USD Annuities 0.00 USD/yr Energy cost 0.21 USD/kWh
Specific 0.64 USD/Wp Run. costs 29,095.04 USD/yr
Payback period 6.3 years

Normalized productions (per installed kWp) Performance Ratio PR

Balances and main results

GlobHor DiffHor T_Amb GlobInc GlobEff EArray E_Grid PR

kWh/m² kWh/m² °C kWh/m² kWh/m² kWh kWh ratio
January 199.7 62.23 22.92 216.2 212.3 18957 18453 0.848
February 182.2 60.89 23.46 190.0 186.5 16595 16153 0.845
March 195.2 66.34 23.20 194.0 189.9 16986 16522 0.846
April 187.4 63.46 22.46 178.3 173.8 15707 15276 0.852
May 179.5 64.54 22.56 163.8 158.7 14457 14047 0.852
June 162.8 63.79 21.82 146.3 141.5 13008 12632 0.858
July 171.7 58.01 21.96 154.6 149.6 13697 13298 0.855
August 170.4 79.31 21.77 160.2 155.6 14257 13848 0.859
September 173.6 67.71 21.65 170.1 165.9 14980 14571 0.852
October 180.2 71.72 22.17 184.2 180.2 16235 15805 0.853
November 178.8 61.86 21.97 190.9 187.1 16778 16344 0.851
December 186.1 64.48 22.37 202.7 198.8 17844 17365 0.852
Year 2167.6 784.35 22.35 2151.2 2099.7 189500 184314 0.852

Legends
GlobHor Global horizontal irradiation EArray Effective energy at the output of the array
DiffHor Horizontal diffuse irradiation E_Grid Energy injected into grid
T_Amb Ambient Temperature PR Performance Ratio
GlobInc Global incident in coll. plane
GlobEff Effective Global, corr. for IAM and shadings

17/03/24 Page 4/13

 Project: Mini Grid for Kisooba Trading Center in Luweero
District
PVsyst V7.3.1
Variant: New simulation variant
VC0, Simulation date:
17/03/24 16:22
with v7.3.1

Loss diagram
2168 kWh/m² Global horizontal irradiation

-0.76% Global incident in coll. plane

-2.39% IAM factor on global

2100 kWh/m² * 457 m² coll. Effective irradiation on collectors

efficiency at STC = 22.02% PV conversion

211293 kWh Array nominal energy (at STC effic.)

-0.45% PV loss due to irradiance level

-7.59% PV loss due to temperature

+0.75% Module quality loss

-2.10% Mismatch loss, modules and strings

-1.15% Ohmic wiring loss

189501 kWh Array virtual energy at MPP
-2.71% Inverter Loss during operation (efficiency)
0.00% Inverter Loss over nominal inv. power
0.00% Inverter Loss due to max. input current
0.00% Inverter Loss over nominal inv. voltage
-0.03% Inverter Loss due to power threshold
0.00% Inverter Loss due to voltage threshold
184314 kWh Available Energy at Inverter Output
184314 kWh Energy injected into grid

17/03/24 Page 5/13

 Project: Mini Grid for Kisooba Trading Center in Luweero
District
PVsyst V7.3.1
Variant: New simulation variant
VC0, Simulation date:
17/03/24 16:22
with v7.3.1

Predef. graphs
Daily Input/Output diagram

System Output Power Distribution

17/03/24 Page 6/13

PVsyst V7.3.1
VC0, Simulation date:
17/03/24 16:22
with v7.3.1
 Project: Mini Grid for Kisooba Trading Center in Luweero
District
PVsyst V7.3.1
Variant: New simulation variant
VC0, Simulation date:
17/03/24 16:22
with v7.3.1

Cost of the system

Installation costs

Item Quantity Cost Total

units USD USD
PV modules
JKM-430N-54HL4 234 150.00 35,100.00
Supports for modules 13 200.00 2,600.00
Inverters
Theia Central 100 TL 1 3,519.00 3,519.00
Other components
Accessories, fasteners 1500 2.50 3,750.00
Wiring 1 2,500.00 2,500.00
Combiner box 4 390.00 1,560.00
Monitoring system, display screen 1 30.00 30.00
Measurement system, pyranometer 1 20.00 20.00
Surge arrester 2 35.00 70.00
Installation
Global installation cost per module 234 5.00 1,170.00
Global installation cost per inverter 1 5.00 5.00
Transport 1 150.00 150.00
Settings 1 55.00 55.00
Grid connection 1 150.00 150.00
Insurance
Transport insurance 1 500.00 500.00
Liability insurance 1 200.00 200.00
Delay in start-up insurance 1 100.00 100.00
Land costs
Land preparation 1 150.00 150.00
Taxes
VAT 1 0.00 9,293.22
Local taxes 1 0.00 3,097.74
Total 64,019.96
Depreciable asset 44,969.00

17/03/24 Page 8/13

 Project: Mini Grid for Kisooba Trading Center in Luweero
District
PVsyst V7.3.1
Variant: New simulation variant
VC0, Simulation date:
17/03/24 16:22
with v7.3.1

Cost of the system

Operating costs

Item Total
USD/year
Maintenance
Provision for inverter replacement 5,000.00
Salaries 2,400.00
Repairs 4,000.00
Cleaning 3,000.00
Security fund 3,000.00
Insurance
Facilities insurance 1,000.00
Liability insurance 1,000.00
Lack of sunlight insurance 1,000.00
Loan insurance 500.00
Administrative, accounting 1,200.00
Taxes
Property taxes 100.00
Other taxes 50.00
Subsidies -150.00
Total (OPEX) 22,100.00
Including inflation (2.80%) 29,095.04

System summary
Total installation cost 64,019.96 USD
Operating costs (incl. inflation 2.80%/year) 29,095.04 USD/year
Produced Energy 184 MWh/year
Cost of produced energy (LCOE) 0.208 USD/kWh

17/03/24 Page 9/13

 Project: Mini Grid for Kisooba Trading Center in Luweero
District
PVsyst V7.3.1
Variant: New simulation variant
VC0, Simulation date:
17/03/24 16:22
with v7.3.1

Financial analysis
Simulation period
Project lifetime 20 years Start year 2025

Income variation over time

Inflation 2.80 %/year
Production variation (aging) 0.00 %/year
Discount rate 20.00 %/year

Income dependent expenses

Income tax rate 30.00 %/year
Other income tax 0.00 %/year
Dividends 10.00 %/year

Depreciable assets

Asset Depreciation Depreciation Salvage Depreciable

method period value (USD)
(years) (USD)
PV modules
JKM-430N-54HL4 Straight-line 20 0.00 35,100.00
Supports for modules Straight-line 20 0.00 2,600.00
Inverters
Theia Central 100 TL Straight-line 20 0.00 3,519.00
Accessories, fasteners Straight-line 20 0.00 3,750.00
Total 0.00 44,969.00

Financing
Own funds 64,019.00 USD
Subsidies 0.96 USD

Electricity sale
Feed-in tariff 0.2675 USD/kWh
Duration of tariff warranty 20 years
Annual connection tax 0.00 USD/kWh
Annual tariff variation 0.0 %/year
Feed-in tariff decrease after warranty 0.00 %

Return on investment
Payback period 6.3 years
Net present value (NPV) 21,461.93 USD
Internal rate of return (IRR) 28.07 %
Return on investment (ROI) 33.5 %
Paid dividends 29,641.44 USD

17/03/24 Page 10/13

 Project: Mini Grid for Kisooba Trading Center in Luweero
District
PVsyst V7.3.1
Variant: New simulation variant
VC0, Simulation date:
17/03/24 16:22
with v7.3.1

Financial analysis
Detailed economic results (USD)

Year Electricity Own Run. Deprec. Taxable Taxes After-tax Divid. Cumul. %

sale funds costs allow. income profit 10.00% profit amorti.

0 0 64,019 0 0 0 0 0 0 -64,019 0.0%
1 49,304 0 22,100 2,248 24,955 7,487 19,717 1,972 -47,588 25.7%
2 49,304 0 22,719 2,248 24,337 7,301 19,284 1,928 -34,196 46.6%
3 49,304 0 23,355 2,248 23,701 7,110 18,839 1,884 -23,294 63.6%
4 49,304 0 24,009 2,248 23,047 6,914 18,381 1,838 -14,430 77.5%
5 49,304 0 24,681 2,248 22,374 6,712 17,910 1,791 -7,232 88.7%
6 49,304 0 25,372 2,248 21,683 6,505 17,427 1,743 -1,396 97.8%
7 49,304 0 26,083 2,248 20,973 6,292 16,929 1,693 3,329 105.2%
8 49,304 0 26,813 2,248 20,243 6,073 16,418 1,642 7,147 111.2%
9 49,304 0 27,564 2,248 19,492 5,848 15,893 1,589 10,227 116.0%
10 49,304 0 28,335 2,248 18,720 5,616 15,352 1,535 12,707 119.8%
11 49,304 0 29,129 2,248 17,927 5,378 14,797 1,480 14,698 123.0%
12 49,304 0 29,944 2,248 17,111 5,133 14,226 1,423 16,294 125.5%
13 49,304 0 30,783 2,248 16,273 4,882 13,639 1,364 17,569 127.4%
14 49,304 0 31,645 2,248 15,411 4,623 13,036 1,304 18,584 129.0%
15 49,304 0 32,531 2,248 14,525 4,357 12,416 1,242 19,390 130.3%
16 49,304 0 33,442 2,248 13,614 4,084 11,778 1,178 20,027 131.3%
17 49,304 0 34,378 2,248 12,677 3,803 11,123 1,112 20,528 132.1%
18 49,304 0 35,341 2,248 11,715 3,514 10,449 1,045 20,921 132.7%
19 49,304 0 36,330 2,248 10,725 3,218 9,756 976 21,226 133.2%
20 49,304 0 37,347 2,248 9,708 2,912 9,044 904 21,462 133.5%
Total 986,078 64,019 581,901 44,969 359,208 107,762 296,414 29,641 21,462 133.5%

Yearly net profit (kUSD)

17/03/24 Page 11/13

 Project: Mini Grid for Kisooba Trading Center in Luweero
District
PVsyst V7.3.1
Variant: New simulation variant
VC0, Simulation date:
17/03/24 16:22
with v7.3.1

Financial analysis
Cumulative cashflow (kUSD)

17/03/24 Page 12/13

 Project: Mini Grid for Kisooba Trading Center in Luweero
District
PVsyst V7.3.1
Variant: New simulation variant
VC0, Simulation date:
17/03/24 16:22
with v7.3.1

CO₂ Emission Balance

Total: 2032.0 tCO₂
Generated emissions Saved CO₂ Emission vs. Time
Total: 183.07 tCO₂
Source: Detailed calculation from table below:
Replaced Emissions
Total: 2432.9 tCO₂
System production: 184.31 MWh/yr
Grid Lifecycle Emissions: 660 gCO₂/kWh
Source: IEA List
Country: Zimbabwe
Lifetime: 20 years
Annual degradation: 1.0 %

System Lifecycle Emissions Details

Item LCE Quantity Subtotal

[kgCO₂]
Modules 1713 kgCO2/kWp 101 kWp 172334
Supports 4.40 kgCO2/kg 2340 kg 10301
Inverters 436 kgCO2/units 1.00 units 436

17/03/24 Page 13/13