Readings In A Philippine History

WHAT’S IN THE BOX?

Readings In A Philippine History
Readings In A Philippine History
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CONTENT & CONTEXTUAL ANALYSIS

JUNIOR A. AMODO, LPT

 CONTENT
is defined as what is inside or included in
something
the subjects or topics covered in a book or
document
❑
CONTEXT
the circumstances that form the setting for an
event, statement, or idea, and in terms of which it
can be fully understood and assessed
❑ the writer and reader, giving a deeper
understanding of the intent and direction of the
writing
 ANALYSIS
❑ detailed examination of the elements or structure
of something
❑ a method of the examination of evidence in
coming to an understanding of the past
 CONTENT ANALYSIS
deals with determining whether
the information provided by the
author is logical to provide a
logical basis leading to the truth.
The author’s argument, biases,
and claims are identified and the
author’s claim should be based on
the evidences presented within
the source
 CONTENT ANALYSIS

Author’s main argument –

point-of-view, what the Evaluate the authors claim Identify the bias -
author wants you to do, based on the pieces of evidence biased, one-sided, partisan,
think, or believe by the time presented or other available prejudiced
you finish reading the text. evidence at the time
CONTEXTUAL ANALYSIS
A method of studying the text
and its cultural, social, or
political context

all kinds of things that give a

background of the text, for
example why it was written,
what belief system it is
situated in, what historical
events influenced the writer
 CONTEXTUAL ANALYSIS
historical context of the
source – it deals with the
context or the time and place
that the information was written
at that specific period
the background of the author – the
author of the primary source should
be credible. The author’s
intent and authority of the subject
must also be determined
the relevance of the source in
the present – the information from
the source must have relevance
in
the present and must be logical to
provide truth and objectivity
CONTENT AND CONTEXTUAL
ANALYSIS
is a method of
analyzing the sources
of information and
assuring that the
information inscribed
within the source is
correct, credible, and
logical
 “History is like tsismis. It is filtered
and dagdag na rin so hindi natin alam
what is the real history. Andoon na
yong idea, pero may bias talaga. As
long as were alive at may
kanya-kanyang opinion, I respect
everyone’s opinion.”
-Cruz (2022)
 HISTORY/TSISMIS
they can be challenged
maybe biased or not biased
pasalin-salin
sourced from social media
can be revised
 TSISMIS
HISTORY information that doesn't have
evidence-based benefit
important for future based on what people hear
studied thoroughly or see in their surroundings
not published on books
 Why HISTORY is NOT tsismis?
I II
If a tsismis is verified and
fact-checked then it is no longer
a tsismis but a fact.
A piece of gossip is gossip
because you cannot confirm it.
If it is confirmed, that is not
tsismis anymore.
III
It is an ignorant claim and utter
History is not just a mere story,
disrespect to compare a
it has a methodology, ask
historian and scholar to a
questions, investigate and
marites.
compare.
Historians gather evidence,
validate the true story of the
historical events and analyze
their implications.
GUESS
THE
ANIMA
L
18
Has there been a historical fact that
turned out to be a “tsismis”?
Who killed Magellan?
 Analysis of Pigafetta’s Chronicle
Monday 01/02/2020 Newsletter Edition: 001

04
Welcome !
ANTONIO PIGAFETTA
an Italian nobleman, who accompanied Ferdinand
Magellan in his fateful circumnavigation of the world

his travelogue is one of the most important primary

sources in the study of the precolonial Philippines

his account is a major reference to the events leading to

Magellan’s arrival in the Philippines

“The First Voyage by Ferdinand Magellan” was published

after his return to Italy
CONTENT
ANALYSIS
CONTENT ANALYSIS
AUTHOR’s MAIN ARGUMENT
“These people have no arms, but use sticks, which have a
fish bone at the end. They are poor, but ingenious, and great
thieves…”
• His observations and assessments of the indigenous attires cultures
employed European standards

• Emphasized on native’s amazement and illiteracy on European

artillery, merchandise and other goods
CONTENT ANALYSIS
EVALUATE AUTHOR’s CLAIM

His perspective is too narrow on our people being naked and

wearing fewer clothes as well as our materials used in our houses
like palm and bamboo considering how it is only appropriate on a
tropical climate.
CONTENT ANALYSIS
IDENTIFY THE BIAS
His book was written from his own point-of-view.

▪ The representation of the Filipinos and their culture

▪ The source always provided Magellan with positive descriptions

or remarks such as "mighty,“ "heroic," and "wise”.

▪ Exaggerated the number of Lapulapu's men in order to make the

Spaniards appear heroic in the eyes of the European audience.
CONTEXTUAL
ANALYSIS
CONTEXTUAL ANALYSIS
HISTORICAL CONTEXT OF THE SOURCE
AGE OF EXPLORATION

3Gs
God – to spread Catholicism to non-Christians
Gold – to look for new sources of Gold
Glory – for the fame and honor for both themselves and their countries
 CONTEXTUAL ANALYSIS
BACKGROUND OF THE AUTHOR

One of the most cited

documents by historians.
There needs to have a more commissioned by the King of
nuanced reading of the
source within a contextual
backdrop.
He was a noble descent.
He was a chronicler
Thus, he implicitly and
explicitly remarked
Spain to accompany and
indigenous belief systems
document.
and way of life as inferior.
CONTEXTUAL ANALYSIS
THE RELEVANCE OF THE SOURCE IN THE PRESENT

The Magellan Route was the first that charted a global map of our world. For
the first time the Atlantic and the Pacific oceans were navigated sequentially,
thus allowing humanity to perceive the huge richness and diversity
(geographical, cultural, anthropological).
 Is Pigafetta’s account
invalid and not credible as
a source?
FACTS
There already was our ancestors who first inhibited our
islands.
Christianity was first introduced by Europeans and the
first Christian Mass was also held even before the
Spaniards conquered the Philippines.
The voyage of Magellan was very important as he made it
known that it was possible to sail around the world. He
also contributed to geographical knowledge and has
proven that the earth is round.
Magellan’s expedition was significant as it paved the way
for a bridge to be created between the Philippines and
Western Civilizations.
 FACTS WE CAN LEARN ABOUT IT
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There already Christianity was Magellan was Magellan made it The expedition
was our ancestors first introduced by killed by the known that it was was significant as
who first
Europeans and the natives and was possible to sail it paved the way
inhibited our
islands. first Christian pierced with a around the world. for a bridge to be
Mass (Limasawa) poisoned arrow in He also created between
was also held even his right leg. contributed to the Philippines
before the geographical and Western
Spaniards knowledge and has Civilizations.
conquered the proven that the
Philippines. earth is round.
 History sharpens
our minds, so take
care of it.