109 ‫ | ﺣﻴﻦ‬Unity 445

Final 1 Microscopy
Midterm 1
Question Bank (‫)للط"ب‬
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085
By:
‫ﻗﻨﺎة اﻻﺣﻴﺎء‬ Aryam Alshamari ‫اﻟﻘﻨﺎة اﻻﺳﺎﺳﻴﺔ‬
Sultanstone
Alharbi
Saud Mostafa
Alsultan
By :
‫ﻣﻮﺟﻮدة‬ ‫ﻻ ﺗﺘﻀﻤﻦ ﺷﺮح‬Alnoshan
Mohammed ‫اﻻﺳﺌﻠﺔ اﻟﺘﻲ‬
‫ﺣﺮﻓﻴﺎ ﺑﺎﻟﺴﻼﻳﺪات‬
 Microscopy and Cell Structure

Paramecium Trypanosoma

1- Shoe-shaped 1- Single-celled
organism
2- Two nuclei, contractile
2- Fusiform or sickle
and food vacuoles
in the shape

Simple Squamous Epithelium Simple Columnar Epithelium

1- single layer of flat 1- Single layer of tall cells

cells with round to oval nuclei

2- Functions as mediator
2- Functions in absorption
of filtration and diffusion

Smear of Peripheral blood

1- Cellular components
of blood

2- Consist of RBC, WBC,

and platelets
 Muscular Tissue

Striated (Skeletal) Muscle Cardiac Muscle

1- Haphazard distribution 1- Nucleus is well arranged
of nuclei among muscle and equally distributed
fibres
2- Cardiac muscle fibre is jointed,
2- fibres are marked with lines or
and each joint form Intercalated
striations, dark and light bands
Disc

Connective Tissue

Hyaline Cartilage AREOLAR CONNECTIVE TISSUE

1- Covered externally by a 1- Three types of fibres

fibrous membrane (elastic, collagen, reticular
(perichondrium) fibres)
2- Chondrocytes cells are 2- Background fluid matrix is
round or oval in shape called ground substance
 Nervous Tissue

Neurons Spinal Cord

1- Unit of nervous 1- Cylindrical structure,
present inside the vertebral
tissue
column
2- Star-shaped, few 2- Central area full of nerve
microns in diameter cells, and is named Grey matter

Arteries and Veins

1- Arteries carry blood away
from the heart, the main
artery is arota ·
Capillaries have one
2- Veins are blood vessels layer of cells
that bring blood back to the
heart
 Digestive System
‫ﻣﺣذوف ﻋﻧد ﺑﻌض اﻟدﻛﺎﺗرة‬

OESOPHAGUS The Stomach

1- Muscular tube connects the 1- Hollow organ, holds food while
pharynx with the stomach being mixed with enzymes
2- Wall of stomach is formed
2- Its wall consists of 4 layers:
of 4 layers:
(Serosa, Musculature,
(Serosa, Musculature,
Submucosa, Mucosa)
Submucosa, Mucosa)

The Liver
1- Largest metabolic organ
in the body

2- Cells in the liver are

called hepatic cells
 Reproductive System
‫ﻣﺣذوف ﻋﻧد ﺑﻌض اﻟدﻛﺎﺗرة‬

The Testis The Ovary

1- Composed of functional 1- The core of the Ovary is
units termed seminiferous called Medulla, made up of
tubules connective tissue

2- Produces (sperm, 2- The tissue that binds the

testosterone) cells together is called stroma

Kidney
1- Composed of functional
units called nephrons
2- Kidney Excretes waste
3- Kidney regulates blood
pressure
 MITOSIS

Prophase Metaphase
1- Nuclear membrane and 1- The spindle fibres are
nucleolus are disappeared well developed
2- Chromosomes become 2- The chromosomes are
visible aligned at the equatorial
(middle) plate of the cell

Anaphase Telophase
1- Each chromosome split 1- Two nuclei of two
into two chromatids at the daughter cells are formed
centromere
2- Half number of chromosomes 2- Nuclear membrane and
move to one pole of dividing cell and
nucleolus are reappeared
the other half to the opposite pole
 MEIOSIS I

Prophase I Metaphase I
1- Chromosomes become
visible in the nucleus Chromosomes fall
on the medium line
2- Crossing over takes
place of the cell

Anaphase I Telophase I
1- Two nuclei are formed
Half of the with half number of
chromosomes go chromosomes
2- Chromosomes disappear
the opposite poles
in the two daughter nuclei
 MEIOSIS II

Prophase II Metaphase II
Chromosomes fall
Chromosomes become
on the medium line
visible in the two
daughter nuclei of the daughter
cells

Anaphase II Telophase II
1- Four daughter nuclei
Each chromosome are formed with half
breaks into two number of chromosomes
chromatids 2- Each of the four daughter
cells are not identical
 Important in Exam
Magnification = Power of the eye piece X Power of objective

·
·
 Important Differences

· ·
To differentiate between MITOSIS and MEIOSIS

MITOSIS MEIOSIS

The slide is black-white coloured The slide is not black-white coloured

It has purple colour as shown

To differentiate between MEIOSIS I and MEIOSIS II

MEIOSIS I MEIOSIS II

The stages happen in one closed cell The stages happen in two cells
closed together
A thin line seperating the two cells