1

‫ﺑﺴﻢ ﷲ اﻟﺮﺣﻤﻦ اﻟﺮﺣﯿﻢ‬

‫اﻟﺤﻤﺪ رب اﻟﻌﺎﻟﻤﯿﻦ واﻟﺼﻠﻮة واﻟﺴﻼم ﻋﻠﻰ اﺷﺮف اﻷﻧﺒﯿﺎء واﻟﻤﺮﺳﻠﯿﻦ وﺷﻔﯿﻊ اﻟﻤﺬﻧﺒﯿﻦ وﻋﻠﻰ اﻟﮫ وﺻﺤﺒﮫ اﻟﺬﯾﻦ ھﻢ اﻓﻀﻞ‬
..‫ و ﺑﻌﺪ‬/ ‫اﻟﻤﺆﻣﻨﯿﻦ‬
cÖ_g Aa¨vq
‫ﻋﻠم اﻻﻣﻼء ـ ﻋﻠم ﺣروف اﻟﮭﺟﺎء‬
‫( ﻋﻠم اﻟﮭﺟﺎء‬eY© cÖKiY)
cÖ_g cwi‡”Q`
‫ ﺣرف‬eY©
1) k‡ãi ÿz`ªZg As‡ki cÖ‡Z¨KwU‡K eY© ev Aÿi ‫( ﺣرف‬Letter) e‡j| h_v: ‫ زﯾد‬k‡ã ‫ ز ـ ى ـ د‬wZbwU Ask|
2) Aviwe fvlvq 28wU eY© ev Aÿi Av‡Q| GB 28wU e‡Y©i mgwó‡K ‫ ﺣروف‬ev eY©gvjv (Alphabet) e‡j|
wØZxq cwi‡”Q`
‫اﻗﺳﺎم اﻟﺣرف‬
(K) ‫ﺣرف‬

‫( ﺣروف ﺻﺣﯾﺣﺔ‬e¨Äb eY©) ‫^¯( ﺣروف اﻟﻌﻠﺔ‬ieY©)

K) ‫ ﺣرف‬ev eY© cÖavbZ: `yB cÖKvi|
1) ‫ ﺣروف اﻟﻌﻠﺔ‬ev ¯^ieY© (Vowel) hv k‡ãi g‡a¨ m`v me©`v we`¨gvb _vK‡Z cv‡ibv| cÖvq mgq Dnv Dn¨ †_‡K hvq,
Zv‡K ¯^ieY© ejv nq| Aviwe‡Z ‫ ﺣروف اﻟﻌﻠﺔ‬wZbwU ‫ ﯾﺎ ـ اﻟف ـ واو‬hv‡K GK K_vq ‫ واى‬ejv nq|
2) ‫ ﺣروف ﺻﺣﯾﺣﺔ‬ev e¨ÄbeY© (Consonant) HeY©‡K ejv nq, hv m`v me©`v k‡ãi g‡a¨ we`¨gvb _v‡K, †Kvb mgq
wejyß nqbv, Bnvi msL¨v me©‡gvU 25wU|h_v: ‫ب ـ ت ـ ث ـ ج ـ ح ـ خ ـ د ـ ذ ـ ر ـ ز ـ س‬
‫ـ ش ـ ص ـ ض ـ ط ـ ظ ـ ع ـ غ ـ ف ـ ق ـ ك ـ ل ـ م ـ ن ـ ه ـ ء ـ‬GB Aÿi¸wj‡K‫ﺻﺣﯾﺢ‬G Rb¨ ejv
nq, †h‡nZz Zv wejyß nIqv †_‡K m¤ú~Y© wbivc` _v‡K|
(L) ‫ﺣرف‬

‫‡( ﺣروف ﺷﻣﺳﻰ‬mŠi eY©) ‫( ﺣروف ﻗﻣرى‬P›`ª eY©)

L) ‫ ﺣروف اﻟﮭﺟﺎء‬ev ‫( ﺣروف اﻟﺗﮭﺟﻰ‬eY©gvjv)Avevi `yB cÖKvi| (1)‫‡( ﺣروف ﺷﻣﺳﯾﺔ‬mŠieY©) Sun letter Bnv 14wU|
h_v: ‫ت ـ ث ـ د ـ ذ ـ ر ـ ز ـ ش ـ س ـ ص ـ ض ـ ط ـ ظ ـ ل ـ ن ـ‬
2) ‫( ﺣروف ﻗﻣرﯾﺔ‬P›`ªvÿi, P›`ªeY©) Moon letter. Bnv 14wU| h_v: ‫ـ ج ـ ح ـ خ ـ ع ـ غ ـ ف ـ ق ـ ك ـ ل ـ م ـ و ـ ه ـ ى ـ ب‬
1) ‫ ﺣروف ﺷﻣﺳﯾﺔ‬H mKj eY© ejv nq, hv k‡ãi cÖ_g Aÿ‡i _vK‡e Ges Gi c~‡e© ‫† ال‬hvM Ki‡j D³ ‫ ال‬wU covi mgq
‫ ل‬eY©wU D”PvwiZ n‡ebv| Ges D³ ‫ ﺣروف ﺷﻣﺳﻰ‬wØZ¡ (`yBevi) Zvk`x` mnKv‡i D”PvwiZ n‡e| h_v:
‫‡ ﺷﻣس ش‬K ‫ اﻟﺷﻣس‬Avk kvgmy
‫ث‬ ‫‡ ﺛﻣر‬K ‫ اﻟﺛﻣر‬AvP Pgiæ
‫‡ ﺻﺑر ص‬K ‫ اﻟﺻﺑر‬Avm meiæ
‫‡ ﺗراب ت‬K ‫ اﻟﺗراب‬AvZ Zzivey
‫‡ درب د‬K ‫ اﻟدرب‬Av` `iey
‫ذ‬ ‫‡ ذﺋب‬K ‫ اﻟذﺋب‬Avh whBey
‫ر‬ ‫‡ رب‬K ‫ اﻟرب‬Avi iveŸy
‫‡ زﯾت ز‬K ‫ اﻟزﯾت‬Avh hvBZz
‫‡ ﺳﺑق س‬K ‫ اﻟﺳﺑق‬Avm mvevKz
‫‡ ﺿرب ض‬K ‫ اﻟﺿرب‬Avh hviey
‫‡ طﺎﻟب ط‬K ‫ اﻟطﺎﻟب‬AvZ Zvwjey
‫ظ‬ ‫‡ ظﻠم‬K ‫ اﻟظﻠم‬Avh hyjgy
‫‡ ﻧﺻر ن‬K ‫ اﻟﻧﺻر‬Avb bvmiæ
‫ل‬ ‫‡ ﻟﻘب‬K ‫ اﻟﻠﻘب‬Avj jvKvey
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2) ‫ ﺣروف ﻗﻣرﯾﺔ‬H mKj eY©‡K ejv nq, hv k‡ãi cÖ_‡g G‡m Ges Zvi c~‡e© ‫ ال‬Avm‡j covi mgq D³ ‫ ال‬D”PvwiZ
n‡e| h_v:
‫ا‬ ‫اب‬ ‡K ‫ اﻻب‬Avj Avey
‫ب‬ ‫ﺑدر‬ ‡K ‫ اﻟﺑدر‬Avj e`iæ
‫ج‬ ‫ﺟﮭﯾم‬ ‡K ‫ اﻟﺟﮭﯾم‬Avj hvwngy
‫ح‬ ‫ﺣق‬ ‡K ‫ اﻟﺣق‬Avj nv°z
‫ع‬ ‫ﻋﺑد‬ ‡K ‫ اﻟﻌﺑد‬Avj Ave`y
‫غ‬ ‫ﻏﻼم‬ ‡K ‫ اﻟﻐﻼم‬Avj ¸jvgy
‫ف‬ ‫ﻓﻘﯾر‬ ‡K ‫ اﻟﻔﻘﯾر‬Avj dKxiæ
‫ق‬ ‫ﻗﻠب‬ ‡K ‫ اﻟﻘﻠب‬Avj K¡jey
‫ك‬ ‫ﻛﺎﺳل‬ ‡K ‫ اﻟﻛﺎﺳل‬Avj Kv wmjy
‫م‬ ‫ﻣرض‬ ‡K ‫ اﻟﻣرض‬Avj gviRy
‫و‬ ‫وﻋد‬ ‡K ‫ اﻟوﻋد‬Avj Iqv`y
‫ه‬ ‫ھﺎوﯾﺔ‬ ‡K ‫ اﻟﮭﺎوﯾﺔ‬Avj nvDBqv
‫ى‬ ‫ﯾﺳر‬ ‡K ‫ اﻟﯾﺳر‬Avj qvmiæ|
Z…Zxq cwi‡”Q`
‫ ﺑﻌض اﻻﺻطﻼﺣﺎت‬: KwZcq Avek¨Kxq cwifvlv
1) ‫ ﺟر‬ev ‫ ﻛﺳر‬ev ‫† ﻛﺳرة‬Ri‡K e‡j|
2) ‫ ﻧﺻب‬ev ‫ ﻓﺗﺢ‬ev ‫ ﻓﺗﺣﺔ‬hei‡K e‡j|
3) ‫ رﻓﻊ‬ev ‫ ﺿم‬ev ‫† ﺿﻣﺔ‬ck‡K e‡j|
4) †h Aÿ‡ii Dci †ck, Rei Ges †Ri _v‡K, Zv‡K ‫ ﻣﺗﺣرك‬e‡j| h_v: َ‫ت‬
5) †h Aÿ‡ii Dci †ck _v‡K, Zv‡K ‫ ﻣرﻓوع‬ev ‫ ﻣﺿﻣوم‬e‡j| h_v: ُ‫ب‬
6) †h Aÿ‡ii bx‡P †Ri _v‡K, Zv‡K ‫ ﻣﺟرور‬ev ‫ ﻣﻛﺳور‬e‡j| h_v: ‫ب‬ ِ
7) †h Aÿ‡ii Dci Rei _v‡K, Zv‡K ‫ ﻣﻧﺻوب‬ev ‫ ﻣﻔﺗوح‬e‡j| h_v: ‫ب‬ َ
8) ‡h Aÿ‡ii bx‡P ev Dc‡i †Kvb ‫^¯ ﺣرﻛت‬iwPý _v‡Kbv, Zv‡K ‫ ﺟزم‬ev ‫ ﺳﺎﻛن‬e‡j| h_v: ‫ث‬ ْ
9) (ّ ) wØZ¡ †evaK wPý‡K ‫ ﺗﺷدﯾد‬e‡j, Ges Bnv †h Aÿ‡ii Dci Av‡m, †m Aÿi `yBevi D”PviY K‡i co‡Z
nq, Avi D³ Aÿi‡K ‫ ﻣﺷدد‬e‡j| h_v: ‫َﻓرﱠ ـ َﻣ ﱠد‬
10) `yB †Ri, `yB Rei Ges `yB †ck‡K ‫ ﺗﻧوﯾن‬e‡j| h_v: ٌ‫ب ـ ب‬ ٍ ‫ﺑﺎ ً ـ‬
11) †Ri, Rei, †ck‡K ‫ ﺣرﻛت‬ev ¯^iwPý e‡j|
12) †h ‫† اﻟف‬K `xN© ¯^‡i (Uvwbqv) cov nq, Zv‡K ‫ اﻟف ﻣﻣدودة‬e‡j| A_©vr H ‫ اﻟف‬hv‡K Aci GKwU ‫اﻟف‬Gi
mv‡_ wgjvBqv Lye `xN©¯^‡i co‡Z nq| †hgb: ‫ﺣﻣراء ـ آﺧر‬
13) ‡h ‫† اﻟف‬K ‡U‡b cov hvq bv A_©vr `xN©¯^‡i cov hvq bv, Zv‡K ‫ اﻟف ﻣﻘﺻودة‬e‡j| †hgb: ‫ﻋﯾﺳﻰ ـ ﻣوﺳﻰ ـ ﻣورا ـ‬
‫ﻋﺻﺎ ـ‬
14) †Kvb Aÿi‡K wejyß K‡i †`Iqv‡K ‫ ﺣذف‬ejv nq| h_v: ‫أب ـ أخ‬
15) †h Aÿi‡K wejyß Kiv nq, Zv‡K ‫ ﺣرف ﻣﺣذوف‬ejv nq| h_v: ‫ أخ‬g~‡j ‫ أﺧو‬wQj| ‫ واو‬AÿiwU‡K wejyß
Kiv n‡q‡Q| myZivs ‫† واو‬K ‫ ﻣﺣذوف‬Aÿi e‡j|
16) H Aÿi ev kã hv ev‡K¨i g‡a¨ D‡jøL Kiv nq bv, wKš‘ A‡_©i w`K w`‡q Zv we‡eP¨ nq, Zv‡K ‫ ﻣﻘدر‬e‡j|
17) we›`y hy³ Aÿi‡K ‫ ﺣروف ﻣﻧﻘوطﺔ‬e‡j| h_v: ‫ن ـ ذ ـ ز ـ‬
18) we›`ynxb Aÿi‡K ‫ ﻏﯾر ﻣﻧﻘوطﺔ‬e‡j| h_v: ‫ل ـ ر ـ د‬
19) ‫ أﺑﺟد‬Aviwe eY©gvjvi web¨vm cÖYvjx A_©vr AvUwU kã Øviv cÖ‡Z¨K Aviwe eY©gvjvi msL¨vi Mogvb wbY©q Kiv
nq| wb‡¤œ Zv wjwce× Kiv nj|kã AvUwU:
‫أﺑﺟد ـ ھوز ـ ﺣطﻰ ـ ﻛﻠﻣن ـ ﺳﻌﻔص ـ ﻗرﺷت ـ ﺛﺧذ ـ ﺿظﻎ ـ‬
wb‡¤œi G‡`i Mogvb †`qv nj:
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60 ‫س‬ 1 ‫أ‬
70 ‫ع‬ 2 ‫ب‬
‫ﺳﻌﻔص‬ 5 ‫أﺑﺟد‬ 1
80 ‫ف‬ 3 ‫ج‬
90 ‫ص‬ 4 ‫د‬
100 ‫ق‬ 5 ‫ھـ‬
200 ‫ر‬ 6 ‫و‬ ‫ھوز‬ 2
‫ﻗرﺷت‬ 6
300 ‫ش‬ 7 ‫ز‬
400 ‫ت‬ 8 ‫ح‬
500 ‫ث‬ 9 ‫ط‬ ‫ﺣطﻰ‬ 3
600 ‫خ‬ ‫ﺛﺧذ‬ 7 10 ‫ى‬
700 ‫ذ‬ 20 ‫ك‬
800 ‫ض‬ 30 ‫ل‬
‫ﻛﻠﻣن‬ 4
900 ‫ظ‬ ‫ﺿظﻎ‬ 8 40 ‫م‬
1000 ‫غ‬ 50 ‫ن‬
wØZxq Aa¨vq
‫ﻋﻠم اﻟﺻرف‬
cÖ_g cwi‡”Q`
‫ﻟﻔظ‬

‫( ﻣﮭﻣل‬A_©nxb) ‫( ﻣوﺿوع‬A_©‡evaK)
‡h K_v gvby‡li gyL n‡Z †ei nq, Zvi cÖ‡Z¨K Ask‡K ‫ ﻟﻔظ‬ev kã ejv nq|
‫` ﻟﻔظ‬yB cÖKvi| (1) ‫( ﻣوﺿوع‬2) ‫ﻣﮭﻣل‬
1) ‡h k‡ãi wbw`©ó A_© Av‡Q, Zv‡K ‫ ﻣوﺿوع‬ejv nq| h_v: ‫ زﯾد‬GKRb gvby‡li bvg|
2) †h k‡ãi †Kvb A_© bvB, Zv‡K ‫ ﻣﮭﻣل‬ejv nq| h_v: ‫ دﯾز‬kãwUi †Kvb A_© bvB|
‫ﻟﻔظ ﻣوﺿوع‬

‫( ﻣﻔرد‬GKK) ‫‡( ﻣرﻛب‬hŠwMK)

1) ‫( ﻣﻔرد‬GKK) Ggb GK ‫ ﻛﻠﻣﺔ‬ev kã‡K ejv nq, hvi GK ev GKvwaK A_© Av‡Q| h_v: 1)‫ ﺷﺟرة‬GKwU A_©‡evaK kã
MvQ| 2) ‫ ﺟﺎرﯾﺔ‬GKvwaK A_©‡evaK kã| †bŠKv, ev`x ev µxZ`vmx BZ¨vw` A_©|
2) ‫†( ﻣرﻛب‬hŠwMK) hv GK ev GKvwaK kã Øviv MwVZ nIqv †Kvb we‡kl A_© eySvq, Zv‡K ‫ ﻣرﻛب‬ejv nq| h_v: GK
kã Øviv MwVZ ‫ ﻣرﻛب‬Gi D`vniY ‫( إﺿرب‬Zzwg cÖnvi Ki) GKvwaK kã Øviv MwVZ ‫ ﻣرﻛب‬Gi D`vniY: ‫زﯾد ﻗﺎﺋم‬
(hv‡q` `Ûvqgvb), hv g~jZ ‫ إﺿرب أﻧت‬wQj|
we: `ª: ‫† ﻣرﻛب‬K ‫ ﺟﻣﻠﺔ‬ev ‫ ﻛﻼم‬I ejv nq|
wØZxq cwi‡”Q`
‫أﻗﺳﺎم اﻟﻛﻠﻣﺔ‬: k‡ãi †kÖwYwefvM, c` cwiPq, evK¨vsk| (Parts of Speech)
‫ ﻛﻠﻤﺔ‬wZbfv‡M wef³: (1) ‫ اﺳم‬we‡kl¨ c` (Noun) h_v: ‫ زﯾد‬I ‫ﻛرﯾم‬
(2) ‫ ﻓﻌل‬wµqvc` (Verb) h_v: ‫ ذھب‬I ‫ﺿرب‬
(3) ‫ ﺣرف‬Ae¨q c` (Preposition) h_v: ‫ﻣن ـ ﻓﻰ ـ إﻟﻰ‬
‫ إﺳم‬: †h mKj kã Øviv †Kvb e¨w³, RvwZ, cÖvYx, `ªe¨, e¯‘, †`vl, ¸Y BZ¨vw`i bvg eySvq Avi A‡b¨i mvnvh¨ e¨wZZ
Zvi A_© cÖKvk K‡i _v‡K Ges wZb Kvj n‡Z †Kvb Kvj I Zvi g‡a¨ cvIqv hv‡ebv, †m mKj ‫† ﻛﻠﻣﺔ‬K ‫ إﺳم‬e‡j|
h_v: ‫ھﺟر ـ ﺷﺟر ـ ﻛرﯾم ـ زﯾد ـ‬
‫ ﻓﻌل‬: †h mKj kã Øviv AZxZ, eZ©gvb, fwel¨Z Kv‡j †Kvb KvR Kiv nIqv BZ¨vw` eySvq Zv‡K ‫ ﻓﻌل‬e‡j| h_v:
‫إﺳﻣﻊ ـ إﻗرأ ـ ﯾذھب ـ ﻗرأ ـ‬
‫ ﺣرف‬: †h mKj kã Ab¨ k‡ãi mv‡_ wgwjZ bv n‡q, wb‡Ri A_© wb‡R m¤ú~Y©iƒ‡c cÖKvk Ki‡Z cv‡i bv| Zv‡K ‫ﺣرف‬
e‡j| h_v: ‫ ﻓﻰ ـ ﻋن ـ ﻣن ـ ﻋﻠﻰ‬BZ¨vw`|
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Z…Zxq cwi‡”Q`
‫ أﻗﺳﺎم اﻻﺳم ﺑﺎﻋﺗﺑﺎر اﻟﻌدد‬: ePb wn‡m‡e ‫ إﺳم‬Gi cÖKvi‡f`
1) ‫ واﺣد‬: †h ‫ إﺳم‬Øviv GKwU gvÎ e¨w³ ev e¯‘ eySvq Zv‡K, ‫ واﺣد‬ev GKePb (Singular) ejv nq| h_v: ‫ ﻗﻠم‬GKwU Kjg|
2) ‫ ﺗﺷﻧﯾﺔ‬: †h ‫ إﺳم‬Øviv `yBwU e¨w³ ev e¯‘i eySvq, Zv‡K ‫ ﺗﺛﻧﯾﺔ‬ev wØePb (Dual) e‡j| h_v: ‫` ﻗﻠﻣﺎن‬yBwU Kjg|
3) ‫ ﺟﻣﻊ‬: †h ‫ إﺳم‬Øviv `yB‡qi AwaK e¨w³ ev e¯‘ eySvq| Zv‡K ‫ ﺟﻣﻊ‬ev eûePb (Plural) e‡j| h_v: ‫ اﻗﻼم‬A‡bK¸wj Kjg|
k‡ãi KvVv‡gvMZ w`K w`qv ‫` ﺟﻣﻊ‬yB cÖKvi:
1) ‫(ﺟﻣﻊ ﺗﻛﺳﯾر‬AwbqwgZ eûePb) †h eûeP‡b GKeP‡bi KvVv‡gvi cwieZ©b N‡U, Zv‡K ‫ ﺟﻣﻊ ﺗﻛﺳﯾر‬ejv nq| A_©vr
‫ واﺣد‬Gi g‡a¨ †h Aÿi †h ¯’v‡b Av‡Q, ‫ ﺟﻣﻊ‬Gi g‡a¨I †m Aÿi †m ¯’v‡b _vK‡e bv| †hgb: ‫ رﺟل‬Gi eûePb
‫رﺟﺎل‬
2) ‫ ﺟﻣﻊ ﺳﺎﻟم‬: (wbqwgZ eûePb) †h eûeP‡b GK eP‡bi KvVv‡gvi †Kvb cwieZ©b N‡U bv eis Zvi †k‡l mshy³ n‡e,
Zv‡K ‫ ﺟﻣﻊ ﺳﺎﻟم‬ejv nq| h_v: ‫ ﻣﺳﻠم‬n‡Z ‫ ﻣﺳﻠﻣون‬Ges ‫ ﻣﺳﻠﻣﺔ‬n‡Z ‫ ﻣﺳﻠﻣﺎت‬BZ¨vw`| ‫ ﻣذﻛر‬Gi Rb¨ ‫ ون‬Ges
‫ ﻣؤﻧث‬Gi Rb¨ ‫ ات‬e„w× Kiv n‡q‡Q|
we:`ª: ‫` ﺟﻣﻊ ﺳﺎﻟم‬yB cÖKvi: 1) ‫ ﺟﻣﻊ ﻣذﻛر ﺳﺎﻟم‬h_v : ‫ﻣﺳﻠﻣون‬
2) ‫ ﺟﻣﻊ ﻣؤﻧث ﺳﺎﻟم‬h_v: ‫ﻣﺳﻠﻣﺎت‬
A‡_©i w`K w`qv ‫` ﺟﻣﻊ‬yB cÖKvi
1) ‫^¯( ﺟﻣﻊ ﻗﻠت‬í A_©‡evaK eûePb) †h eûePb Øviv wZb n‡Z `k ch©šÍ msL¨v eySv hvq, Zv‡K ‫ ﺟﻣﻊ ﻗﻠت‬e‡j| Gi
PviwU ‫ وزن‬ev iƒc Av‡Q| (1) ‫ اﻓﻌل‬h_v: ‫ اﻛﻠب‬A‡bK¸‡jv KzKzi|
(2) ‫ اﻓﻌﺎل‬h_v: ‫ اﻗوال‬A‡bK¸‡jv K_v|
(3) ‫ اﻓﻌﻠﺔ‬h_v: ‫ أﻋوﻧﺔ‬A‡bK mvnvh¨Kvix|
(4) ‫ ﻓﻌﻠﺔ‬h_v: ‫ ﻏﻠﻣﺔ‬A‡bK¸‡jv PvKi|
D‡jøL¨ †h, ‫ ﺟﻣﻊ ﻣذﻛر ﺳﺎﻟم‬I ‫ ﺟﻣﻊ ﻣؤﻧث ﺳﺎﻟم‬hLb ‫ ال‬Qvov e¨eüZ n‡e, ZLb DnvI ‫ ﺟﻣﻊ ﻗﻠت‬n‡e| G wbqg
Abymv‡i ‫ ﺟﻣﻊ ﻗﻠت‬QqwU nq|
2) ‫( ﺟﻣﻊ ﻛﺛرت‬AwaK A_©‡evaK eûePb) †h eûePb Øviv `‡ki AwaK msL¨v eySv hvq, Zv‡K ‫ ﺟﻣﻊ ﻛﺛرت‬ejv nq| h_v:
‫ ﻛﺗب ـ ﺳرر‬BZ¨vw`|
PZz_© cwi‡”Q`
‫( اﻗﺳﺎم اﻹﺳم‬bvg c‡`i †kÖwY wefvM)
‫ إﺳم‬cÖavbZ: wZb cÖKvi: 1) ‫ اﺳم ﺟﺎﻣد‬bvg evPK we‡kl¨
2) ‫ اﺳم ﻣﺻدر‬wµqv evPK we‡kl¨
3) ‫ اﺳم ﻣﺷﺗق‬ey¨rcwË we‡kl¨
1) ‫ إﺳم ﺟﺎﻣد‬: H ‫† إﺳم‬K ejv nq, †h ‫† إﺳم‬Kvb ‫ إﺳم‬n‡Z wbM©Z nqwb Ges Zv n‡ZI Ab¨ †Kvb ‫ إﺳم‬ewnM©Z nq bv| h_v:
‫ ﻛوﻛﺳﺑﺎزار ـ رﺟﯾم ـ ﻛرﯾم‬BZ¨vw`| D‡jøL¨ †h, †h ‫ إﺳم‬ev we‡kl¨ Øviv w`w`©ó e¨w³, e¯‘ ev ¯’v‡bi bvg eySvq, Zv‡K
‫ إﺳم ﺟﺎﻣﻊ‬e‡j|
2) ‫ اﺳم ﻣﺻدر‬: ‡h kã n‡Z ‫ ﻓﻌل‬Ges ‫ اﺳم ﻣﺷﺗق‬MwVZ nq, Zv‡K ‫ إﺳم ﻣﺻدر‬e‡j| h_v: ‫اﻛرام ـ ﺧرت ـ ﻋﻣل ـ‬
3) ‫ اﺳم ﻣﺷﺗق‬: H ‫ إﺳم‬hv Ab¨ kã n‡Z MwVZ nq, Zv‡K ‫ إﺳم ﻣﺷﺗق‬e‡j| A_©vr hv ‫ ﻣﺻدر‬n‡Z MwVZ nq, Zv‡K ‫إﺳم‬
‫ ﻣﺷﺗق‬e‡j| h_v: ‫ ﻣﻛﺗوب‬kãwU ‫ ﻛﺗب‬n‡Z MwVZ| ‫ ﻣطﻠوب‬kãwU ‫ طﻠب‬n‡Z MwVZ|
‫` إﺳم ﺟﺎﻣد‬yÕcÖKvi: 1) ‫ ﻣﻌرﻓﺔ‬wbw`©ó (Definite)
2) ‫ﻧﻛرة‬Awbw`©ó (Indefinite)
‫ ﻣﻌﺮﻓﺔ‬: ‡h we‡kl¨ Øviv †Kvb wbw`©ó e¯‘ e¨w³ ev ¯’vb eySvq, Zv‡K ‫ ﻣﻌرﻓﺔ‬e‡j| h_v: ‫اﻟﻛﺗﺎب ـ ﺧﺎﻟد ـ ﻛوﻛﺳﺑﺎزار‬
‫ ﻧﻛرة‬: ‡h ‫ إﺳم‬Øviv †Kvb Awbw`©ó e¨w³, e¯‘ ev ¯’vb eySvq, Zv‡K ‫ ﻧﻛرة‬e‡j| h_v: ‫ اﻧﺳﺎن‬G bvgwU gvbyl RvwZi cÖ‡Z¨K‡K
eySvq; ‫ ﻛﻠب‬G bvgwU KzKzi RvZxq cÖ‡Z¨K‡K eySvq, ‫ ﻛﺗﺎب‬G bvgwU cy¯ÍK RvZxq cÖ‡Z¨KwU‡K eySvq|
we:`ª: K) Aviwe‡Z ‫ال‬Ae¨qwU ‫( ﻧﻛرة‬Definite Article) ‡K ‫( ﻣﻌرﻓﺔ‬wbw`©ó) Kivi Rb¨ e¨eüZ nq, h_v ‫† اﻟرﺟل‬jvKwU
L) ‫( ﺗﻧوﯾن‬Indefinite Article) ‫ﻧﻜﺮة‬Gi Rb¨ e¨eüZ nq| h_v: ‫ رﺟل‬GKRb †jvK|
M) ‡h k‡ãi c~‡e© ‫_ ال‬vK‡e, Zvi †klvÿ‡i ‫ ﺗﻧوﯾن‬n‡e bv| h_v: ‫ رﺟل‬n‡Z ‫اﻟرﺟل‬
 5

Classifications of Noun
wb‡Pi evK¨¸‡jv †`‡Lv
Adnan helps Shakib. Dhaka is the capital of Bangladesh. The book is on the table. Honesty is
the best policy. Walking is a good exercise.
Ic‡ii evK¨¸‡jv‡Z Adnan I Shakib Øviv `yRb e¨w³i bvg; Dhaka I Bangladesh Øviv `ywU ¯’v‡bi bvg; book
I table Øviv `ywU e¯‘i bvg; Honesty Øviv GKwU ¸‡Yi bvg; walking I exercise Øviv `ywU Kv‡Ri bvg †evSv‡”Q|
bvg cÖKvkKvix Gme kãmg~n‡K ejv nq Noun
†h me Word Øviv †Kv‡bv e¨w³, e¯‘, ¯’vb, †`vl ev ¸Y, Ae¯’v, KvR BZ¨vw`i bvg †evSvq Zv‡`i‡K Noun ejv nq|
Noun-†K cÖavbZ `yB fv‡M fvM Kiv hvq
1) Concrete Noun 2) Abstract Noun
Concrete Noun-†K Avevi Pvi fv‡M wef³ Kiv hvq
i) Proper Noun
ii) Common Noun
iii) Collective Noun
iv) Material Noun
1. Concrete Noun.:
†h me Noun-Gi evwn¨K AvKvi ev Ae¯’vb Av‡Q Ges †hMy‡jv Bw›`ª‡qi mvnv‡h¨ Abyfe Kiv hvq, †m me Noun-†K ejv
nq Concrete Noun
Example: cow, tree, man, flower BZ¨vw` (G‡`i evwn¨K AvKvi ev Ae¯’vb i‡q‡Q|)
Gevi Pvi ai‡bi Concrete Noun-m¤^‡Ü wb‡P Av‡jvPbv Kiv n‡jv 
i. Proper Noun
Look the following sentences:
Hasan is a good student.
Dhaka is a big city.
The Padma is a big river.
Dc‡ii sentence¸‡jv‡Z Hasan wbw`©ó GKRb e¨w³i bvg| †Zgwb Dhaka wbw`©ó GKwU ¯’v‡bi Ges Padma wbw`©ó
GKwU b`xi bvg| G ai‡bi noun †K ejv nq Proper Noun |
†h me noun Øviv †Kv‡bv e¨w³, e¯‘ ev ¯’v‡bi wbw`©ó bvg †evSvq Zv‡`i‡K Proper Noun e‡j|
ii. Common Noun:
Look the sentences again:
Hasan is a good student.
Dhaka is a big city.
The Padma is a big river.
Dc‡ii sentence¸‡jv‡Z student ej‡Z †h †Kvb Qv·K, city ej‡Z †h †Kvb kni Ges river ej‡Z †h †Kvb
b`x‡K eySvq| G ai‡bi noun †K ejv nq Common Noun |
†h me Noun Øviv GKB †kÖwYi e¨w³, e¯‘ ev ¯’v‡bi cÖ‡Z¨‡Ki mvaviY bvg †evSvq Zv‡`i‡K Common Noun e‡j|
Common noun m¤ú‡K© AviI ¯úó aviYv jv‡fi Rb¨ wb‡Pi KwZcq Proper noun Ges mswkó Common noun
-Gi D`vniY j¶ K‡iv:
Proper Noun Common Noun
Rahim, Karim (wbw`©ó gvbyl ev evj‡Ki bvg) Man ,Boy (mKj gvbyl ev evj‡Ki mvaviY bvg)
Mina, Rupa (wbw`©ó gwnjv ev evwjKvi bvg) Woman/Girl (mKj gwnjv ev evwjKvi mvaviY bvg)
Dhaka, London (wbw`©ó kn‡ii bvg) City (mKj kn‡ii mvaviY bvg)
Padma, Jamuna (wbw`©ó b`xi bvg) River (mKj b`xi mvaviY bvg)
Rose, Marigold, Orchid (wbw`©ó dz‡ji bvg) Flower (mKj dz‡ji mvaviY bvg)
Earth, Mars, Neptune (wbw`©ó MÖ‡ni bvg) Planet (mKj MÖ‡ni mvaviY bvg)
 6

iii. Collective Noun:

Hasan is in class Seven.
Our team has won the game.
His family lives in Dhaka.
Dc‡ii sentence¸‡jv‡Z class, team, family G¸wji cÖ‡Z¨KwU Øviv GKvwaK e¨w³‡K eySvq| †hgb class ej‡Z
eySvq ‡ek wKQz QvÎ QvÎx hviv GKmv‡_ c‡o| wKš‘ class ej‡j Zv‡`i c„_K K‡i †evSv‡bv nq bv| eis class wU‡K
GKwU GKK wnmv‡e wPšÍv Kiv nq| G ai‡bi noun †K ejv nq Collective Noun |
†h me Noun Øviv mgRvZxq ev GKB RvZxq †Kv‡bv e¨w³, e¯‘ ev cÖvYx‡K c„_Kfv‡e bv eywS‡q Zv‡`i mgwó‡K †evSvq,
Zv‡`i‡K Collective Noun e‡j|
AviI Collective noun -Gi wKQz D`vniY: gang (`j), crowd (RbZv), team (`j), party (`j), infantry
(c`vwZK ˆmb¨`j), fleet (iYZwi †kÖwY), navy (†bŠ †mbv`j), audience (†kÖvZve„›`), committee (mfvm`eM©)|
 Common noun I Collective noun -Gi cv_©K¨:
Common Noun Collective Noun
Sheep (mKj †fovi mvaviY bvg) Flock (A‡bK¸‡jv †fovi mgwó)
Player (mKj †L‡jvqv‡oi mvaviY bvg) Team (A‡bK¸‡jv †L‡jvqv‡oi mgwó)
iv. Material Noun:
Milk is good for health.
Rice is our staple food.
Bring me a glass of water.
Dc‡ii sentence¸‡jv‡Z Milk, rice, water wewfbœ e¯‘I bvg| G mKj e¯‘‡K MYbv Kiv hvq bv, wKš‘ gvcv hvq| G
ai‡bi noun †K ejv nq Material Noun |
†h Noun †K MYbv Kiv hvq bv ïay IRb ev cwigvc Kiv hvq Zv‡K Material Noun e‡j|
AviI wKQy Material Noun-Gi D`vniY n‡jv: Iron, salt, sugar, copper, oil, silver, soil, BZ¨vw`|
2. Abstract Noun:
Honesty is the best policy.
Kindness is a great virtue.
Happiness consists in contentment.
Dc‡ii sentence¸‡jv‡Z `vMv‡bv Noun ¸wj †Kvb ¸Y, Ae¯’v ev Kv‡Ri bvg| G ai‡bi noun †K ejv nq
Abstract Noun |
†h Noun Øviv †Kv‡bv e¨w³ ev e¯‘i †`vl, ¸Y, Ae¯’v ev Kv‡h©i bvg‡K cÖKvk K‡i Zv‡K Abstract Noun e‡j|
Abstract Noun †Pv‡L †`Lv hvq bv, aiv hvq bv, †Quvqv hvq bv, ïay Abyfe Kiv hvq gvÎ|
wKQz Abstract Noun : Goodness, illness, truth, love, hatred, boyhood, childhood, wisdom,
friendship, misery, health BZ¨vw`|
†Pbvi Dcvq: Abstract Noun-Gi †k‡l mvaviYZ -ness, -tion, -hood, -ship, -dom, -ment,-ism,- th, - ty,
 ‫‪7‬‬

‫‪cÖ_g cvV‬‬
‫|‪we:`ª: wkÿK g‡nv`qMY QvÎ/QvÎx‡`i‡K k‡ãi GKePb,wØePb I eûePb gyL¯’ Kiv‡eb‬‬
‫واﺣد‬ ‫ﻣﻌﻧﻰ‬ ‫‪English‬‬ ‫ﺗﺛﻧﯾﺔ‬ ‫ﺟﻣﻊ‬ ‫واﺣد‬ ‫‪ English‬ﻣﻌﻧﻰ‬ ‫ﺗﺛﻧﯾﺔ‬ ‫ﺟﻣﻊ‬
‫ﷲ‬ ‫‪Avjøvn‬‬ ‫‪Allah‬‬ ‫*‬ ‫*‬ ‫إﻧﺳﺎن‬ ‫‪gvbyl Mankind‬‬ ‫*‬ ‫*‬
‫إﻟﮫ‬ ‫‪cÖwZcvjK Sustainer‬‬ ‫إﻟﮭﺎن‬ ‫اﻟﮭﺔ‬ ‫ﻣرأ‬ ‫‪gvbyl man‬‬ ‫ﻣرءان‬ ‫ﻣرؤون‬
‫‪cyiæl‬‬ ‫رﺟﺎل‬
‫رب‬ ‫‚‪cÖf‬‬ ‫‪Lord‬‬ ‫رﺑﺎن‬ ‫أرﺑﺎب‬ ‫ﺑﺷر‬ ‫‪gvbyl‬‬ ‫‪Man‬‬ ‫ﺑﺷران‬ ‫ﺑﺷر‬

‫رﺳول‬ ‫‪‡cÖwiZ‬‬ ‫‪Prophet‬‬ ‫رﺳوﻻن‬ ‫رﺳُل‬ ‫إﻧس‬ ‫‪gvbyl Man‬‬ ‫إﻧﺳﺎن‬ ‫اﻧﺎﻧس‬
‫‪cyiæl‬‬ ‫رﺳْ ل‬ ‫‪‡jvK‬‬
‫إﻣرأة‬ ‫‪¯¿x‡jvK‬‬ ‫‪Lady‬‬ ‫إﻣرأﺗﺎن‬ ‫ﻧﺳﺎء‬ ‫واﻟدان‬ ‫‪wcZv Parents‬‬
‫ﻣرأة‬ ‫‪weevwnZ‬‬ ‫ﻣرأﺗﺎن‬ ‫ﻧﺳوة‬ ‫اﺑوان‬ ‫‪gvZv‬‬
‫ﻧﺑﯨﻰ‬ ‫‪bex‬‬ ‫‪Prophet‬‬ ‫ﻧﺑﯾﺎن‬ ‫أﻧﺑﯾﺎء‬ ‫ﻋم‬ ‫‪PvPv Uncle‬‬ ‫ﻋﻣﺎن‬ ‫أﻋﻣﺎم‬
‫ﻣﻠك‬ ‫‪‡d‡i¯Ív‬‬ ‫‪Angel‬‬ ‫ﻣﻠﻛﺎن‬ ‫ﻣﻼﺋﻛﺔ‬ ‫ﻋﻣﺔ‬ ‫‪PvPx Aunt‬‬ ‫ﻋﻣﺗﺎن‬ ‫ﻋﻣﺎت‬
‫ﺟد‬ ‫‪`v`v‬‬ ‫‪Grandfather‬‬ ‫ﺟدان‬ ‫أﺟداد‬ ‫ﺧﺎل‬ ‫‪gvgv‬‬ ‫‪uncle‬‬ ‫ﺧﺎﻻن‬ ‫أﺧوال‬
‫ﺟدة‬ ‫‪`v`x‬‬ ‫‪Grandmother‬‬ ‫ﺟدﺗﺎن‬ ‫ﺟدات‬ ‫‪ wPZvevN Cheetah‬ﻧﻣر‬ ‫ﻧﻣران‬ ‫أﻧﻣﺎر‬
‫رﺟل‬ ‫‪‡jvK‬‬ ‫‪Man‬‬ ‫رﺟﻼن‬ ‫رﺟﺎل‬ ‫ﺷﺟر‬ ‫‪MvQ Tree‬‬ ‫ﺷﺟرﺗﺎن‬ ‫أﺷﺟﺎر‬
‫زوج‬ ‫‪¯^vgx‬‬ ‫‪Husband‬‬ ‫زوﺟﺎن‬ ‫أزواج‬ ‫ﺣﺟر‬ ‫‪cv_i Stone‬‬ ‫ﺣﺟران‬ ‫أﺣﺟﺎر‬
‫زوﺟﺔ‬ ‫‪¯¿x‬‬ ‫‪Wife‬‬ ‫زوﺟﺗﺎن‬ ‫زوﺟﺎت‬ ‫ذﺋب‬ ‫‪evN Tiger‬‬ ‫ذﺋﺑﺎن‬ ‫ذﯾﺎب‬
‫ﺑﻌل‬ ‫‪¯^vgx‬‬ ‫‪Husband‬‬ ‫ﺑواﻻن‬ ‫ﺑﻌوﻟﺔ‬ ‫ﺧﺎﻟﺔ‬ ‫‪Lvjv, Aunt‬‬ ‫ﺧﺎﻟﺗﺎن‬ ‫ﺧﺎﻻت‬
‫ﺑﻌﺎل‬ ‫‪gvgx‬‬
‫ﺑﻌول‬
‫ﺑﻌﻠﺔ‬ ‫‪¯¿x‬‬ ‫‪Wife‬‬ ‫ﺑﻌﻠﺗﺎن‬ ‫ﺑﻌوﻟﺔ‬ ‫ﺑوم‬ ‫‪‡cuPv Owl‬‬ ‫ﺑوﻣﺎن‬ ‫أﺑوام‬
‫ﺑﻌﺎل‬
‫ﺑﻌول‬
‫ﻗﻠم‬ ‫‪Kjg‬‬ ‫‪Pen‬‬ ‫ﻗﻠﻣﺎن‬ ‫أﻗﻼم‬ ‫أﺳد‬ ‫‪wmsn Lion‬‬ ‫أﺳدان‬ ‫أﺳد‬
‫ﻛﺗﺎب‬ ‫‪cy¯ÍK,‬‬ ‫‪Book‬‬ ‫ﻛﺗﺎﺑﺎن‬ ‫ﻛﺗب‬ ‫إﺑل‬ ‫‪DU‬‬ ‫‪Camel‬‬ ‫أﺑﻼن‬ ‫آﺑﺎل‬
‫‪wKZve‬‬ ‫ﻛﺗب‬ ‫ْ‬
‫ﻗرطﺎس‬ ‫‪KvMR‬‬ ‫‪Paper‬‬ ‫ﻗرطﺎﺳﺎن‬ ‫ﻓرس ﻗراطﯾس‬ ‫‪‡Nvov Horse‬‬ ‫ﻓرﺳﺎن‬ ‫أﻓراس‬
‫دﻓﺗر‬ ‫‪LvZv‬‬ ‫‪Notebook‬‬ ‫دﻓﺗران‬ ‫دﻓﺎﺗر‬ ‫اﺗﺎن‬ ‫‪‡NvUK Horse‬‬ ‫اﺗﺎﻧﺎن‬ ‫اﺗن‬
‫دﯾوان‬ ‫‪evjvg‬‬ ‫‪Volume‬‬ ‫دﯾواران‬ ‫دواوﯾن‬ ‫ﺟﻣل‬ ‫‪DU‬‬ ‫‪Camel‬‬ ‫ﺟﻣﻼن‬ ‫ﺟﻣﺎل‬
‫ﺛﻌﻠب‬ ‫‪k„Mvj‬‬ ‫‪Fox‬‬ ‫ﺛﻌﻠﺑﺎن‬ ‫ﺛﻌﺎﻟب‬ ‫ﺑﻘرة‬ ‫‪Mvfx Cow‬‬ ‫ﺑﻘرﺗﺎن‬ ‫ﺑﻘرات‬
‫وﻟد‬ ‫‪evjK‬‬ ‫‪boy‬‬ ‫وﻟدان‬ ‫وﻟدان‬ ‫ﺛور‬ ‫‪lvuo Ox‬‬ ‫ﺛوران‬ ‫أﺛوار‬
‫اوﻻد‬
‫ﺑﻧت‬ ‫‪Kb¨v‬‬ ‫‪Daughter‬‬ ‫ﺑﻧﺗﺎن‬ ‫ﺑﻧﺎت‬ ‫ﺣﻣﺎر‬ ‫ﺣﻣﺎران ‪Mvav Donkey‬‬ ‫ﺣﻣر‬
‫ﺻﺑﻰ‬ ‫‪evjK‬‬ ‫‪Lad‬‬ ‫ﺻﺑﯾﺎﻧﺎن‬ ‫ﺻﺑﯾﺎن‬ ‫ظﺑﻰ‬ ‫‪nwiY Deer‬‬ ‫ظﺑﯾﺎن‬ ‫اظﻠﺑﺎء‬
‫ﺻﺑﯾﺔ‬ ‫‪evwjKv‬‬ ‫‪Girl‬‬ ‫ﺻﺑﯾﺗﺎن‬ ‫ﻏزال ﺻﺑﯾﺎت‬ ‫‪nwiY Deer‬‬ ‫ﻏزاﻻن‬ ‫ﻏزﻻن‬
‫ﺻﺑﺎﯾﺎ‬
‫إﺑن‬ ‫‪cyÎ‬‬ ‫‪Son‬‬ ‫إﺑﻧﺎن‬ ‫ﺑﻧون‬ ‫ﻏراب‬ ‫‪KvK Crow‬‬ ‫ﻏراﺑﺎن‬ ‫ﻏرﺑﺎن‬
‫أﺑﻧﺎء‬
‫إﺑﻧﺔ‬ ‫‪Kb¨v‬‬ ‫‪Daughter‬‬ ‫إﺑﻧﺗﺎن‬ ‫ﻋﺻﺎﻓﯾر ﻋﺻﻔوران ‪ Po–B Sparrow‬ﻋﺻﻔور ﺑﻧﺎت‬
‫إﺑﻧﺎت‬
‫أخ‬ ‫‪fvB‬‬ ‫‪Brother‬‬ ‫أﺧﺎن‬ ‫اطواس طﺎؤوﺳﺎن ‪ gq~i peacock‬طﺎؤوس إﺧوان‬
‫اﺧوان‬ ‫إﺧوة‬ ‫طواوﯾس‬
 8

‫أﺧت‬ fwMœ Sister ‫أﺧﺗﺎن‬ ‫أﺧوات‬ ‫ﯾد‬ nvZ Hand ‫ﯾدان‬ ‫أﯾدى‬
‫أب‬ wcZv Father ‫اﺑﺎن‬ ‫آﺑﺎء‬ ‫ﻛﻠب‬ KzKzi dog ‫ﻛﻠﺑﺎن‬ ‫ﻛﻼب‬
‫أﺑوان‬
‫واﻟد‬ wcZv Father ‫واﻟدان‬ ‫واﻟدون‬ ‫طﺎوﻟﺔ‬ ‡Uwej Table ‫طﺎوﻟﺗﺎن‬ ‫طﺎوﻻت‬
‫ام‬ gv Mother ‫اﻣﮭﺗﺎن‬ ‫اﻣﮭﺎت‬ ‫رﺟل‬ cv Leg ‫رﺟﻼن‬ ‫أرﺟل‬
‫اﻣﮭﺔ‬
‫واﻟدة‬ gvZv Mother ‫واﻟدﺗﺎن‬ ‫واﻟدات‬ ‫ﻋﯾن‬ Pÿz Eye ‫ﻋﯾﻧﺎن‬ ‫ﻋﯾون‬
‫رأس‬ gv_v Head ‫رأﺳﺎن‬ ‫رؤوس‬ ‫ذﻛر‬ cyiælv½ Penis ‫ذﻛران‬ ‫ذﻛور‬
‫إﺻﺑﻊ‬ Av½yj Finger ‫إﺻﺑﻌﺎن‬ ‫أﺻﺎﺑﻊ‬ ‫ﻓرج‬ ‡g‡q vagina ‫ﻓرﺟﺎن‬ ‫ﻓروج‬
†jv‡Ki
¸ß¯’vb
‫ﺳﺎق‬ cv‡qi Leg ‫ﺳﺎﻗﺎن‬ ‫ﺳﺎﻗﺎن‬ ‫زھر‬ dzj Flower ‫زھران‬ ‫أزھﺎر‬
bvjx ‫ﺳوق‬
‫أﺳوق‬
‫أﻧف‬ bvK Nose ‫أﻧﻔﺎن‬ ‫أﻧوف‬ ‫ﻛرﺳﻰ‬ ‡Pqvi Chair ‫ﻛرﺳﯾﺎن‬ ‫ﻛراﺳﻰ‬
‫ﺳن‬ `uvZ Tooth ‫ﺳﻧﺎن‬ ‫أﺳﻧﺎن‬ ‫ﺟد‬ `v`v grandfather
‫أﺳﻧﺔ‬ ‫ﺻﺣﯾﺢ‬
‫ﺷﻌر‬ Pzj Hair ‫ﺷﻌران‬ ‫ﺷﻌﺎر‬ ‫ﺟد ﻓﺎﺳد‬ bvbv grandfather
‫اﺷﻌﺎر‬
‫ﻟﺣﯾﺔ‬ `vox beard ‫ﻟﺣﯾﺗﺎن‬ ‫ﻟﺣﻰ‬ ‫ﺟدة‬ `v`x grandmother
‫ﺻﺣﯾﺣﺔ‬
‫ﻛﺗف‬ Kuva Shoulder ‫ﻛﺗﻔﺎن‬ ‫اﻛﺗﺎف‬ ‫ﺟدة‬ bvbx grandmother
‫ﻓﺎﺳدة‬
‫ﻟﺳﺎن‬ wRnev Tongue ‫ﻟﺳﺎﻧﺎن‬ ‫أﻟﺳﻧﺔ‬ ‫ﻏﻼم‬ `vm slave ‫ﻏﻼﻣﺎن‬ ‫ﻏﻠﻣﺎن‬
hyeK
‫ﺣﻠﻘوم‬ Mjv Throat ‫ﺣﻠﻘوﻣﺎن‬ ‫ﺣﻼﻗﯾم‬ ‫ﺳﺎﻋﺔ‬ Nwo watch ‫ﺳﺎﻋﺗﺎن‬ ‫ﺳﺎﻋﺎت‬
‫ﻓﺧذ‬ Diæ thigh ‫ﻓﺧذان‬ ‫أﻓﺧﺎذ‬
wØZxq cvV
‫( ﻧﻛرة‬Awbw`©ó: Indefinite Article)
‫ﻧﻛرة‬: Awbw`©ó A_©‡evaK kã‡K ‫ ﻧﻛرة‬ejv nq
evsjv Aviwe English evsjv Aviwe English
GKRb cÖf‚ ‫ إﻟﮫ ـ رب‬Lord/sustainer GKwU KvMR ‫ﻗﺮطﺎس‬ paper
GKRb bex ‫ﻧﺒﻰ‬ a prophet GKwU LvZv ‫دﻓﺘﺮ ـ ﻛﺮاﺳﺒﺔ‬ a notebook
GKwU evjK ‫وﻟﺪ‬ a boy GKwU evN ‫ذﺋﺐ‬ a tiger
GKwU Kjg ‫ﻗﻠﻢ‬ a pen GKwU wmsn ‫أﺳﺪ‬ a lion
GKwU cy¯ÍK ‫ﻛﺘﺎب‬ a book GKRb †jvK ‫رﺟﻞ‬ a man
GKwU Kb¨v ‫ﺑﻨﺖ‬ a daughter GKRb ¯^vgx ‫زوج‬ a husband
GKRb gvZv ‫ واﻟﺪة ـ ام‬a mother GKwU Mvfx ‫ﺑﻘﺮة‬ a cow
GKwU cv_i ‫ﺣﺠﺮ‬ stone GKwU Kvb ‫أذن‬ an ear
GKRb gvbyl ‫إﻧﺴﺎن‬ a man GKwU †Nvov ‫ﻓﺮس‬ a horse
GKRb †d‡i¯Ív ‫ﻣﻠﻚ‬ an angel GKwU †Uwej ‫طﺎوﻟﺔ‬ a table
GKRb cyÎ ‫إﺑﻦ‬ a son GKwU Avjgvix ‫دوﻻب‬ an almirah
GKRb evjK ‫ ﺻﺒﻰ ـ وﻟﺪ‬a boy
 9

Articles
A, An, I The -G wZbwU‡K Article e‡j| Article-me©`vB noun-Gi c~‡e© e‡m Zv‡K wb‡`©k K‡i|
Article `yB cÖKvi: 1. Indefinite article: A, An
2. Definite article: The
1) Indefinite Article
A I An-G `ywU †K Indefinite article e‡j| †Kv‡bv Noun (e¨w³, e¯‘ ev cÖvYx) †K mvaviYfv‡e ev
Awbw`©ófv‡e †evSv‡Z Indefinite article e¨envi Ki‡Z nq| †hgb: He read a book. (†m GKwU eB
c‡owQj|) A_©vr, †m †h‡Kv‡bv GKwU eB c‡owQj| †Kv‡bv wbw`©ó eB m¤^‡Ü ¯úó K‡i ejv nqwb|
2) Definite Article
The †K definite article e‡j| †Kv‡bv Noun-†K wbw`©ó K‡i †evSv‡Z Definite article e¨envi Ki‡Z nq|
†hgb: I found a boy on the road. The boy was sick (iv¯—vq Avwg GKwU †Q‡j‡K †`‡LwQjvg| †Q‡j wU
Amy¯’ wQj|)
Uses of A
1) †Kv‡bv k‡ãi cÖ_g A¶i Consonant n‡j a e¨envi Ki‡Z nq| Example: Sazia is a student.
2) ïiæ‡Z Vowel- _vKv m‡Ë¡I †Kv‡bv Noun-Gi ïiæi D”PviY ÔBDÕ ev ÔIqvÕ n‡j Zvi c~‡e ‘A’ e‡m| †hgb:
I saw a ewe. [BD] He is a university [BDwbfviwmwU] student. It is a useful [BDRdzj] thing.
It is a unique [BDwbK] picture. She is a one-eyed [Iqvb-AvBW] woman.
3) GK RvZxq †evSv‡Z singular common noun-Gi c~‡e© indefinite article (a/an) e‡m| †hgb:
A dog is a faithful animal.
4) wbw`©ó †Kv‡bv e¨w³ ev e¯‘‡K bv eywS‡q GKRb e¨w³ ev GKwU e¯‘‡K †evSvq Ggb noun-Gi c~‡e© indefinite
article (a/an) e‡m| †hgb: I live in a tiny room.
Uses of An
1) †Kv‡bv k‡ãi cÖ_g A¶i hw` Vowel nq Z‡e Zvi c~‡e© mvaviYZ an e¨envi Ki‡Z nq|Example:
Mr. Islam is an engineer.
2) 'h'-Gi evsjv D”PviY ÔnÕ| wKš‘ h-Gi D”PviY ÔnÕ Gi g‡Zv bv n‡q hw` ÔAÕ wKsev ÔAvÕ-Gi g‡Zv nq Z‡e Zvi
c~‡e© an em‡e| †hgb : honest (A‡b÷), hour (AvIqvi), heir (Gqi), honourable (Abvivej) BZ¨vw`i
c~‡e© an em‡e| Example: He is an honest man. I shall come an hour later.
3) wKQy msw¶ß kã (Abbreviated words)-Gi cÖ_g A¶‡ii D”PviY Ki‡Z †M‡j k‡ãi ïiy‡Z hw` †Kv‡bv
vowel-Gi D”PviY G‡m hvq, Z‡e †m‡¶‡ÎI ‘An’ e‡m| Example: He is an MP [Ggwc]. (Member
of Parliament) She is an MA [GgG]. (MA= Masters of Arts)
4) GK RvZxq †evSv‡Z singular common noun-Gi c~‡e© indefinite article (a/an) e‡m| †hgb: An ant is
industrious. Gfv‡e singular common noun-Gi c~‡e© e¨en„Z a/an †K 'Generalising A ev An' e‡j|
5) wbw`©ó †Kv‡bv e¨w³ ev e¯‘‡K bv eywS‡q GKRb e¨w³ ev GKwU e¯‘‡K †evSvq Ggb noun-Gi c~‡e© indefinite
article (a/an) e‡m| †hgb : He bought an ice-cream. He earns a lot of money.
Abykxjbx-1
1) Aviwe I Bs‡iwR Ki :
DU, GKwU Mvav, GKwU nwiY, gwnl, nvZ, Po–BcvLx, GKwU wRnev, GKwU gv_v, gv, `v`v, `v`x, GKwU `uvZ,
GKwU DU, GKwU gqyi, cyiælv½, GKwU Pÿz, GKRb fwMœ, GKwU Mvox, GKwU Kuva, GKwU mvc, GKwU Kgjv,
GKwU Mjv, `vox, Pzj, GKwU cv‡qi bvjx, Av½yj|
2) evsjv Ki I niKZ `vI:
‫اﺧت ـ اﺗﺎن ـ ﺛور ـ ﺷﮭر ـ ﻟﺳﺎن ـ ﺟﻣل ـ أﺻﺑﺢ ـ ﻛرة ـ ﺻﺑﯾﺔ ـ وﻟد ـ اﺑﻧﺔ ـ ﻋﻣﺔ ـ ﺑﻌﻠﺔ ـ دﺑر ـ ﻋﯾن ـ ﻗﺎل ـ ﻋم ـ دﻓﺗر ـ‬
‫دﯾوان ـ ﺻﺑﻰ ـ ﺣﺟر ـ ﺷﺟر ـ ﯾد ـ اب ـ ﻛﺗف ـ ﻏزال ـ ﺳن ـ ﺳﺎق ـ ﺟﻣل ـ زوج ـ ﺑﻌل ـ‬
3) Aviwe I evsjv Ki :
leg, a nose, chair, owl, horse, an ox, a deer , book, lion, an angel, an ear, flower, girl, fox,
prophet, uncle, a tiger, a cow
 10

Z…Zxq cvV
‫( اﻟﻣﻌرﻓﺔ‬wbw`©ó: Definite Article)
1) Awbw`©ó A_©‡evaK kã‡K wbw`©ó Kivi Rb¨ ‫ ال‬e¨envi Kiv nq| h_v: ‫ رﺟل‬n‡Z ‫اﻟرﺟل‬
2) ‡h k‡ãi ïiæ‡Z ‫_ ال‬vK‡e Zvi †klvÿ‡i ‫ ﺗﻧوﯾن‬n‡ebv| h_v: ‫ رﺟل‬n‡Z ‫ وﻟد – اﻟرﺟل‬n‡Z ‫ اﻟوﻟد‬BZ¨vw`|
3) gvby‡li bvg, †`‡ki bvg, bMi ev ¯’v‡bi bv‡gi Av‡M ‫ ال‬Av‡mbv| h_v: ‫ﻣﻛﺔ ـ دﻛﺔ ـ ﺑﻧﺟﻼدﯾش ـ ﻛوﻛﺳﺑﺎزار ـ زﯾد‬
D`vniY ‫ اﻟزﯾد‬/‫ اﻟﻛوﻛس ﺑﺎزار‬/‫ اﻟﺑﻧﻐﻼدﯾش‬/‫ اﻟدﻛﺔ‬e¨eüZ nq bv|
4) Aviwe‡Z ‫† ال‬K ‫ ﺣرف اﻟﺗﮭرﯾف‬ejv nq| †h k‡ãi c~‡e© ‫ ال‬Av‡m, †m kã‡K ‫ ﻣﻌرف ﺑﺎﻟﻼم‬Z_v ‫ ال‬Øviv wbw`©ó ‫اﺳم‬
ejv nq| h_v ‫ رﺟل‬n‡Z ‫اﻟرﺟل‬
evsjv Aviwe English evsjv Aviwe English
DUwU ‫اﻟﺠﻤﻞ‬ the camel KvMRwU ‫اﻟﻘﺮطﺎس‬ the paper
MvfxwU ‫اﻟﺒﻘﺮة‬ the cow Kb¨vwU ‫اﻟﺒﻨﺖ‬ the daughter
wmsnwU ‫اﻻﺳﺪ‬ the lion LvZvwU ‫اﻟﻘﺮطﺎس‬ the notebook
cy¯ÍKwU ‫اﻟﻜﺘﺎب‬ the book cv_i Lvbv ‫اﻟﺤﺠﺮ‬ the stone
KvKwU ‫اﻟﻐﺮاب‬ the crow gwnlwU ‫اﻟﺠﺎﻣﻮس‬ the baffalo
Uses of The
1) wbw`©ó K‡i †evSvq Ggb Common Noun-Gi Singular I Plural Dfq Number-Gi c~‡e© The e‡m| †hgb:
The boys are playing. The girl is reading. |
2) GK RvZxq mKj‡K †evSv‡Z Singular Common Noun-Gi c~‡e© the e‡m| †hgb: The cow is a useful
animal. The rose is a nice flower. G A‡_© e¨en„Z the †K "Generalising The" e‡j| G A‡_© The-Gi
cwie‡Z© cÖ`Ë Common Noun-wUi Plural e¨envi Kiv hvq| The horse is a faithful animal. or, Horses
are faithful animals.
3) b`x, mvMi, DcmvMi, gnvmvMi, RvnvR BZ¨vw` bv‡gi c~‡e© The e‡m| †hgb: The Meghna, The Pacific, The
Bay of Bengal BZ¨vw`|
4) ce©Z‡kÖwY I ØxccyÄ bv‡gi c~‡e© The e‡m| †hgb: The Andamans, The Himalayas wKš‘ GKwU gvÎ ce©Z I Øxc
†evSv‡j Zvi c~‡e© The e‡m bv| †hgb: Sandwip, Hatia, Mount Everest.
5) ag©MÖš’ I cwÎKvi bv‡gi c~‡e© The e‡m| †hgb: The Holy Quran, The Observer.
6) GKK e¯‘ †hgb: c„w_ex, m~h©, P›`ª, c~e©, cwðg, DËi, `w¶Y BZ¨vw` k‡ãi c~‡e© The e‡m| †hgb: The sun, the earth,
the moon, the polestar. Z‡e Allah, God-Gi c~‡e© 'The' e‡m bv|
7) eY©bvg~jK ev A_©c~Y© †fŠ‡MvwjK bv‡gi c~‡e© The e‡m| The U.S.A. The Punjab, the U.S.S.R.
10) RvwZ I m¤úÖ`v‡qi bv‡gi c~‡e© The e‡m| †hgb: The English, the Muslims.
Note: RvwZ I m¤úÖ`vq Plural Common Noun nq Ges Zvi c‡i Plural Verb e¨en„Z nq|
11) giyf~wgi bv‡gi c~‡e© ‘the’ e‡m| Example: The Sahara, The Arabian Desert, etc.
12) weL¨vZ feb, AÆvwjKv ev ¯’vcbvi c~‡e© ‘the’ e‡m| Example: The Sangshad Bhaban, The Taj Mahal ,
The Twin Towers, The Eiffel Tower,
13) †Kv‡bv Awbw`©ó Singular Noun-Gi c~‡e© Avgiv cÖ_g ev‡K¨ ‘a/an’ e¨envi Kwi Ges Plural Noun n‡j Zvi c~‡e© †Kv‡bv article
e¨envi Kwi bv| wKš‘ cieZx© evK¨mg~‡n (wØZxq, Z…Zxq,....... evK¨) H Awbw`©ó Noun wU wbw`©ó n‡q hvq Ges ZLb Zvi c~‡e© ‘the’
e‡m| Example: Yesterday I saw a bird in my garden. The bird looked very beautiful.
14) Morning, noon, afternoon, evening, night BZ¨vw`i c~‡e© in _vK‡j Gi c~‡e© ‘the’ e‡m| wKš‘ Gme Noun-Gi
c~‡e© ‘in’ bv †_‡K ‘at’ _vK‡j †m‡¶‡Î ‘the’ e‡m bv| Example: He has left for Dhaka in the morning.
(Or, He has left for Dhaka at morning.)
17) †h me Noun Øviv e„wË ev †ckv †evSvq †mB Noun-Gi c~‡e© the e‡m| †hgb: He joined the army.
18) Ordinal Number-Gi (first, second, third.....) c~‡e© the e‡m| †hgb: Edward the seventh. George the sixth.
19) †Kv‡bv wbw`©ó e¨w³ ev e¯‘i ¸Y †evSv‡Z Abstract Noun-Gi c~‡e© the e‡m| †hgb: The courage of Richard is
known to all.
20) Material Noun-Gi c~‡e© the e‡m bv| Z‡e †Kv‡bv wbw`©ó ¯’v‡bi ev wbw`©ó cÖKv‡ii c`v_© †evSv‡j Material Noun
Gi c~‡e© the e‡m| †hgb: The water of the Buriganga is pollluted.
21) cÖwm× HwZnvwmK bv‡gi c~‡e© the e‡m| †hgb: Ibrahim Lodi was defeated in the Battle of Panipath.
 11

Omission of ‘The’
1) Proper Noun-Gi c~‡e© The e‡m bv| †hgb: Dhaka is the capital of Bangladesh.
2) Material Noun-Gi c~‡e© The e‡m bv| †hgb: Iron is a useful metal.
3) Abstract Noun-Gi c~‡e© The e‡m bv| †hgb: Honesty is the best policy.
4) Plural common noun-Gi c~‡e© The e‡m bv| †hgb: Cats are fond of milk.
5) gvbeRvwZ †evSv‡Z Man I Woman Gi c~‡e© the e‡m bv| †hgb: Man is mortal.
6) Names of meals (breakfast, lunch, dinner)-Gi c~‡e© The e‡m bv| †hgb: Lunch is ready.
7) Public institutions (school, hospital, market) -Gi c~‡e© The e‡m bv| †hgb: The Muslims go to mosque.
8) The names of games-Gi c~‡e© The e‡m bv| †hgb: Cricket is my favorite game.
9) The names of language-Gi c~‡e© The e‡m bv| †hgb: Bangla is our mother tongue.
10) Names of diseases-Gi c~‡e© The e‡m bv| †hgb: Cancer is a fatal disease.
11) Names of days and months Gi c~‡e© The e‡m bv| †hgb: December is the month of victory
12) Words like father, mother, uncle, aunt, baby-Gi c~‡e© The e‡m bv| †hgb: Mother is busy cooking.
13) Names of seasons, festivals-Gi c~‡e© The e‡m bv| †hgb: Summer, winter, christmas
14) Names of square, park, street, avenue-Gi c~‡e© The e‡m bv| †hgb: Manik Mia Avenue
15) Names of lake (nª`), island, mountain etc-Gi c~‡e© The e‡m bv| †hgb: Everest is the highest peak.
Exercise-(Articles)
1) I read --- holy Quran everyday. 21) Mr Ahmad is --- MP.
2) Mr Rahman is ---- honourable man. 22) The begger wants ---- one taka note.
3) 3)The house faces ----- north. 23) He spent --- hour with us.
4) Don’t make ---- noise. 24) This is ---- unique case.
5) This is ---- interesting novel. 25) ---- Taj Mahal looksk beautiful.
6) We started in ---- afternoon. 26) ----- Moon shines at night.
7) He is --- MD. 27) He visited ---- Sundarbans.
8) She reads ---- Ittefaq everyday. 28) His uncle is ----MBBS.
9) The Sun rises in ---- east. 29) --- Pacific is the deepest ocean.
10) How blue --- sky looks! 30) ---- English are hard working.
11) Rita is ---- untidy girl. 31) ---- Muslims are a brave nation.
12) She gave me ---- inkpot. 32) Dhaka stands on ---- Buriganga.
13) --- rose smells sweet. 33) He lives in ---- USA.
14) ----- rich are not always happy. 34) The horse is ---- useful animal.
15) --- water of this pond is pure. 35) I met ---- one-eyed man on the way.
16) ---- Japanese are industrious. 36) --- honest man leads a happy life.
17) I bought ---- dozemn of pens. 37) He is --- unwise man.
18) Tarek was flying over---- Atlantic. 38) He bought ---- ewe.
19) He is ---- honours graduate. 39) He plays ---- violin.
20) Always speak ---- truth. 40) He joined ---- army.
Abykxjbx-2
1) Aviwe I Bs‡iwR Ki:
KjgwU, ¯¿x †jvKwU, †jvKwU, wmsnwU, gyiMwU, evwjKvwU, cyÎwU, `v`xwU, †cÖwiZ cyiælwU, MvoxLvbv, ejwU, †Nvov
RvwZ, gvbe RvwZ, cvLx RvwZ, evbiwU, ¸ß ¯’vbwU, Av½yjwU, KzKziwU, mvcwU, dzjwU, QvZvwU, †PqviwU|
2) evsjv Ki:
‫اﻟﺒﻘﺮة ـ اﻹﻣﺮأة ـ اﻟﻮﻟﺪ ـ اﻟﺒﻨﺖ ـ اﻻم ـ اﻟﻤﻠﻚ ـ اﻻذن ـ اﻟﺼﺒﯿﺔ ـ اﻻخ ـ اﻟﺪﻓﺘﺮ ـ اﻻﺑﻞ ـ اﻻﺗﺎن ـ اﻟﺜﻮر ـ اﻟﻠﺴﺎن ـ اﻟﺪﯾﻮان ـ‬
‫اﻟﻨﻤﺮ ـ اﻟﻔﺮس ـ اﻷﺳﺪ ـ اﻟﺠﻤﻞ ـ اﻟﺴﻦ ـ اﻷﻧﻒ ـ اﻟﺰوﺟﺔ ـ اﻟﻌﺼﻔﻮر ـ اﻟﻜﻠﺐ ـ اﻟﯿﺪ ـ اﻟﻐﺮاب ـ اﻟﻄﺎؤوس ـ اﻟﺬﺋﺐ ـ‬
‫اﻟﻔﺨﺬ ـ اﻟﻜﺮﺳﻰ ـ اﻟﻔﺮج ـ اﻟﺬﻛﺮ ـ اﻟﺤﻠﻘﻮم ـ اﻟﻠﺤﯿﺔ ـ اﻟﺴﺎق ـ‬
3) evsjv I Aviwe Ki:
the notebook, the man, the ear, the table, the daughter, the boy, the flower , the dog, the sister,
the deer, the fox, the horse, the Padma, the moon, the English, the Bay of Bengal,
 12

PZz_© cvV
‫( اﻟﻣﻌرﻓﺔ واﻟﻧﻛرة‬wbw`©ó I Awbw`©ó we‡kl¨)
 ‫ و‬Ges and
 ‫ أو‬A_ev or
 ‫ ال‬wU the
GKwU evjK I Ges GKwU †g‡q ‫ﺻﺒﻰ و ﺻﺒﯿﺔ‬ A boy and a girl
GKwU evjK I GKwU evwjKv ‫ﺻﺒﻰ و ﺻﺒﯿﺔ‬ A boy amd a girl
GKRb †Q‡j Ges GKRb Kb¨v ‫اﺑﻦ و ﺑﻨﺖ‬ A boy and a daughter
evjKwU Ges evwjKvwU ‫اﻟﺼﺒﻰ واﻟﺼﺒﯿﺔ‬ The boy and the girl
‡Q‡jwU I Kb¨vwU ‫اﻻﺑﻦ واﻟﺒﻨﺖ‬ The boy and the daughter
evjKwU A_ev evwjKvwU ‫اﻟﺼﺒﻰ واﻟﺼﺒﯿﺔ‬ The boy and the girl
‡Q‡jwU I †g‡qwU ‫اﻻﺑﻦ واﻟﺒﻨﺖ‬ The boy and the girl
cy¯ÍKwU A_ev KjgwU ‫اﻟﻜﺘﺎب او اﻟﻘﻠﻢ‬ The book and the pen
MvQwU A_ev dzjwU ‫اﻟﺸﺠﺮ او اﻟﺰھﺮ‬ The tree and the flower
GKwU Mvfx Ges †NvovwU ‫ﺑﻘﺮة واﻟﻔﺮس‬ A cow and a horse
‡cuPvwU A_ev cvwLwU ‫اﻟﺒﻮم واﻟﻄﺎﺋﺮ‬ The owl and the bird
Z…Zxq Abywkjbx
1) Aviwe I Bs‡iwR Ki:
GKwU Kvb Ges GKwU bvK, Kwig Ges Lv‡j`, Kb¨vwU Ges †Q‡jwU, Mvox Lvbv I MvwowU, GKwU †Pqvi A_ev GKwU †Uwej, DUwU
A_ev MvwowU, GKwU KvK A_ev GKwU Po–BcvwL, Mvav I †Nvov, Miæ I gwnlwU, bvK I Kvb, gq~iwU A_ev nwiYwU, GKwU wRnev
I bvKwU, gv_vwU Ges nvZwU, KzKziwU A_ev k„MvjwU, KjgwU Ges KvMRwU, g¯ÍK I Kva|
2) evsjv Ki:
‫اﻟﺛور واﻟﺣﻣﺎر ـ اﻟﺑﻘرة او اﻟﻐزال ـ اﻟﻛﺗف واﻟﺷﻌر ـ ﺟﺎﻣوس او طﺎؤوس ـ ﻋﺻﻔور او اﻟﻐراب ـ ﺣﻠﻘوم او رأس ـ اﻟﻔﺧذ واﻟﺳن ـ‬
‫اﻻﺻﺑﻊ او اﻟﯾد ـ ﻛرﺳﻰ وﻛﺗﺎب ـ ﻟﺣﯾﺔ وﺷﻌر ـ واﻟﻌﯾن واﻟرأس ـ اﻟﺷﺟر واﻟﺣﺟر ـ اﻟواﻟد ـ اﻟواﻟدة ـ واﻟد و واﻟدة ـ ﻗﻠم و ﻛﺗﺎب‬
‫وﻗرطﺎس ـ زوج و زوﺟﺔ ـ ذﺋب وﻧﻣر ـ اﻟطﺎﺋر واﻟﯾوم ـ اﻷب واﻷم ـ ﻓرس واﺛﺎن ـ زﯾد وﻛرﯾم ورﺣﯾم ـ‬
3) evsjv I Aviwe Ki:
a book and a pen, a cow and the horse, an owl and a crow, the lion and the tiger, a table
and the almirah, the son and the daughter, the pen and the notebook, the pen and the
notebook
5g cvV
‫اﻟﻣﺛﻧﻰ اﻟﻣﻧﻛر‬
`yÕRb †cÖwiZ cyiæl ‫رﺳﻮﻻن‬ Two prophets
`yÕRb bex ‫ﻧﺒﯿﺎن‬ Two prophets
`yÕRb †d‡i¯Ív ‫ﻣﻠﻜﺎن‬ Two angels
`yÕwU evjK ‫وﻟﺪان‬ Two boys
`yÕwU Kb¨v ‫ﺑﻨﺘﺎن‬ Two daughters
`yÕwU Kjg ‫ﻗﻠﻤﺎن‬ Two pens
2wU MvQ I 2wU cv_i ‫ﺷﺠﺮان و ﺣﺠﺮان‬ Two trees and two pieces of stone
2wU evjK ev 2wU Kb¨v ‫وﻟﺪان او ﺑﻨﺘﺎن‬ Two boys or two daughters
2wU evN ev 2wU nwiY ‫أﺳﺪان او ظﺒﯿﺎن‬ Two tigers or two deer
2wU KzKzi ev 2wU k„Mvj :‫أﺳﺪان او ظﺒﯿﺎن‬ Two dogs or two foxes
2wU Mvfx ev 2wU lvuo ‫ﺑﻘﺮﺗﺎن او ﺛﻮران‬ Two cows or two oxen
2wU KvMR I 2wU cy¯ÍK ‫ﻗﺮطﺎﺳﺎن و ﻛﺘﺎﺑﺎن‬ Two pieces of paper and two books
2wU cvwL I 2wU gq~i :‫طﺎﺋﺮان وطﺎؤوﺳﺎن‬ Two birds and two peacocks
 13

PZz_© Abywkjbx
1) Aviwe I Bs‡iwR Ki:
`yBRb gvgv, `yBwU KvK, `yBwU †Nvov, `yÕwU Kb¨v, 2wU cyÎ, `yÕwU cvwL, 2wU Kjg I 2wU cy¯ÍK, 2wU evN ev
wPZvevN, `yÕwU Mvfx I 2wU luvo, `yÕwU wRnev I `yÕwU bvK, `yÕwU Diæ I GKwU nvZ, `yÕwU nvZ A_ev `yÕwU cv, `yÕwU
KvK I `yÕwU gq~i, `yÕwU gwnl A_ev `yÕwU lvuo, `yÕwU dzj I `yÕwU MvQ, GKwU †Pqvi A_ev GKwU cvwL, `yÕwU DU
GKwU nwiY I `yÕwU Mvfx, `yÕwU c`, `yÕwU Pÿz, `yÕwU bvK, GKwU Kvb A_ev GKwU bvK, GKwU Mvj A_ev GKwU
wRnev|
2) evsjv Ki:
‫ اﻟﺳﯾﺎرة واﻟطﯾﺎرة‬, ‫ اﻟﺛﻌﻠب و اﻟﻛﻠب‬, ‫ ﻗﻠم و ﻗرطﺎس‬, ‫ ﺻﺑﯾﺎن ء ﺻﺑﯾﺗﺎن‬, ‫ وﻟدان و ﺑﻧﺗﺎن‬, ‫ﺷﺟران و ﺣﺟران‬
, ‫ اﻟﯾوم واﻟطﺎﺋر‬, ‫ ھﻰ او اﻟﺻﺑﯾﺔ‬, ‫ ﻋﻣﺎن وﺧﺎﻻن‬, ‫ اﻟﺧﺎﻟﺔ واﻟﻌﻣﺔ‬, ‫ اﻟزﯾدان و اﻟﻌﻣروان‬, ‫ واﻟدان وواﻟدﺗﺎن‬,
‫ اﻟﻘﻠم‬, ‫ اﻟرﺟل او اﻟﻣرأة‬, ‫ اﻟزوج او اﻟزوﺟﺔ‬, ‫ اﻟﺑﻧت واﻻﺑن‬, ‫ اﻟﻘرطﺎس او دﻓﺗران‬, ‫اﻟطﺎؤس واﻟطﺎﺋران‬
‫ اﻟﺷﻣس و اﻟﻘﻣر ـ‬, ‫واﻟﺷﺟر‬
3) evsjv I Aviwe Ki:
two boys and two girls, two boys and a daughter, two books and a pen, two trees and a
flower, a cow and two horses, two owls and a crow, a cow and two horses
6ô cvV
‫ اﻟﻣﺛﻧﻰ اﻟﻣﻌرف‬wbw`©ó wØePb (Definite Dual)
evsjv Aviwe English evsjv Aviwe English
Kjg `yÕwU ‫اﻟﻘﻠﻤﺎن‬ The two pens Mvfx `yyBwU ‫اﻟﺒﻘﺮان‬ The two cows
bex `yBRb ‫اﻟﻨﺒﯿﺎن‬ The two prophets wmsn `yBwU ‫اﻷﺳﺪان‬ The two lions
‡d‡i¯Ív `yBwU ‫اﻟﻤﻠﻜﺎن‬ The two angels nwiY `yBwU ‫اﻟﻈﺒﯿﺎن‬ The two deer
cy¯ÍK `yBwU ‫اﻟﻜﺘﺎﺑﺎن‬ The two books nvZ `yBwU ‫اﻟﯿﺪان‬ The two hands
LvZv `yBwU ‫اﻟﺪﻓﺘﺮان‬ The two notebooks bvK `yBwU ‫اﻷﻧﻔﺎن‬ The two ears
cv_i `yBwU ‫اﻟﺤﺠﺮان‬ The two pieces of stone `uvZ `yBwU ‫اﻟﺴﻨﺎن‬ The two teeth
evjK `yBwU ‫اﻟﻮﻟﺪان‬ The two boys Av½yj `yBwU ‫اﻹﺻﺒﻌﺎن‬ The two fingers
‡Uwej `yBwU ‫اﻟﻄﺎوﻻن‬ The two tables mvB‡Kj `yBwU ‫اﻟﺪراﺟﺘﺎن‬ The two bicycles

Mvav `yBwU Ges Mvfx `yBwU ‫اﻟﺤﻤﺎران واﻟﺒﻘﺮﺗﺎن‬ The two donkeys and the two cows
nwiY `yBwU I gq~i `yBwU ‫اﻟﻐﺰاﻻن واﻟﻄﺎﺋﺆﺳﺎن‬ The two deer and the two peacocks
KzKzi `yBwU I KvK `yBwU ‫اﻟﻜﻠﺒﺎن و اﻟﻐﺮاﺑﺎن‬ The two dogs and the two crows
‡Uwej `yBwU A_ev †Pqvi `yBwU ‫اﻟﻄﺎوﻟﺘﺎن او اﻟﻜﺮاﺳﯿﺎن‬ The two tables and the two chairs
Mvfx `yBwU ev lvo `yBwU ‫اﻟﺒﻘﺮﺗﺎن او اﻟﺜﻮران‬ The two cows and the two oxen
nvZ `yBwU A_ev cv `yBwU ‫اﻟﯿﺪان او اﻟﺮﺟﻼن‬ The two hands and the two legs
cyÎ `yBwU I Kb¨v `yBwU ‫اﻻﺑﻨﺎن و اﻟﺒﻨﺘﺎن‬ The two sons and the two daughters
Number (ePb)
‡h Noun ev pronoun Øviv e¨w³ ev e¯‘i msL¨v eySvq Zv‡K number ev ePb ejv nq|
number `yB cÖKvi:
1) singular number ev GKePb
2) plural number eûePb
Singular number :
‡h Noun ev pronoun Øviv GKwU gvÎ e¨w³ ev e¯‘ ev cÖvYx‡K eySvq Zv‡K singular number ev GKePb ejv
nq| I have a pen. He is a boy. GB evK¨ `ywU‡Z penI boy w`‡q GKwU msL¨v†K ‡evSv‡bv n‡q‡Q|ZvB
G¸‡jv singular number ev GKePb|
Plural number:
‡h Noun ev pronoun Øviv GKvwaK e¨w³ ev e¯‘ ev cÖvYx‡K eySvq Zv‡K plural number ev eûePb ejv nq|
 14

I have four pens. They are boys. GB evK¨ `ywU‡Z pens I boys w`‡q GKvwaK msL¨v†K ‡evSv‡bv
n‡q‡Q|ZvB G¸‡jv plural number ev eûePb|
Singular number †K Plural number G cwieZ©‡bi wbqg:
Rule-1: mvaviYZ singular number Gi ‡k‡l s †hvM K‡i plural number Ki‡Z nq|
singular plural singular plural
tree trees girl girls
bird birds tiger tigers
cap caps lion lions
Rule-2: ‡h me Noun Gi †k‡l s, ss, sh, ch (P-Gi g‡Zv D”PvwiZ), x I z _v‡K Zv‡`i †k‡l es †hvM K‡i
plural number Ki‡Z nq|
singular plural singular plural
class classes box boxes
fish fishes brush brushes
bus buses fox foxes
Rule-3: Noun Gi †k‡l y _vK‡j Ges y Gi Av‡M consonant _vK‡j y Gi cwie‡Z© ies †hvM K‡i plural
number Ki‡Z nq|
singular plural singular plural
family families city cities
story stories lady ladies
sky skies party parties
Rule-4: wKš‘ Noun Gi †k‡l y _vK‡j Ges y Gi Av‡M vowel _vK‡j y Gi cwie‡Z© ïay s †hvM K‡i plural
number Ki‡Z nq|
singular plural singular plural
day days key keys
toy toys boy boys
monkey monkeys way ways
Rule-5: Noun Gi †k‡l f ev fe _vK‡j f ev fe cwie‡Z© ves †hvM K‡i plural number Ki‡Z nq|
singular plural singular plural
Knife Knives Wolf Wolves
Leaf Leaves Calf Calves
theif thieves half halves
Rule-6: Noun Gi †k‡l o _vK‡j Ges o Gi Av‡M consonant _vK‡j o Gi cwie‡Z© es †hvM K‡i plural
number Ki‡Z nq|
singular plural singular plural
Tomato Tomatoes Buffalo Buffaloes
Potato Potatoes Hero Heroes
Mango mangoes zero zeroes
Rule-7: wKš‘ Noun Gi †k‡l o _vK‡j Ges o Gi Av‡M vowel _vK‡j o Gi cwie‡Z© s †hvM K‡i plural
number Ki‡Z nq|
singular plural singular plural
bamboo bamboos radio radios
cuckoo cuckoos studio studios
Rule-8: wb‡Pi Noun ¸‡jvi plural number Kivi †Kvb wbqg ‡bB|
singular plural singular plural
man men louse lice
 15

woman women mouse mice

tooth teeth foot feet
child children ox oxen
Rule-9: Noun Gi †k‡l man _vK‡j Ges man w`‡q gvbyl A_© eySv‡j Gi cwie‡Z© men ewm‡q plural
number Ki‡Z nq|
singular plural singular plural
postman postmen milkman milkmen
boatman boatmen sportsman sportsmen
fisherman fishermen Englishman Englishmen
Rule-10: wb‡Pi Compound Noun ¸‡jvi cÖavb As‡ki †k‡l s †hvM K‡i plural number Ki‡Z nq|
singular plural Singular plural
mother-in-law mothers-in-law maid-servant maid-servants
runner-up runners-up step-sister step-sisters
land-lord land-lords passer-by passers-by
Rule-11: Deer, sheep, cannon GB Noun ¸‡jvi singular I plural GKBi~c |
singular plural
a deer two deer
a sheep three sheep
5g Abykxjbx
1) Aviwe I Bs‡iwR Ki:
k„Mvj `yBwU, evwjKv `yBwU, PvPv `yBRb, wcZv `yBRb, PvPx `yBRb, cv_i `yBwU, evN `yBwU, Kb¨v `yBwU, MvQ `yBwU,
cyÎ `yBwU A_ev Kb¨v `yBwU, DU `yBwU I Mvfx `yBwU, KvK `yBwU ev cvwL `yBwU, Av½yj `yBwU I Pÿz `yBwU, †NvUK
`yBwU A_ev †NvUKx `yBwU, nvZ `yBwU ev cv `yBwU, bvK `yBwU ev Kvb `yBwU, Po–B cvwL `yBwUev gqyi `yBwU, Mvav
`yBwU A_ev †Nvov `yBwU, wmsn `yBwU, wPZvevN `yBwU, DU `yBwU A_ev Po–B cvwL `yBwU|
2) evsjv Ki:
‫اﺑوﺑﺎن ـ اﻟﯾدان ـ اﻟﺳﺎﻗﺎن ـ اﻟﻛﻠﺑﺎن ـ اﻟذﻛران ـ اﻟﺣﻠﻘوﻣﺎن ـ اﻟﻛﺗﻔﺎن ـ اﻟزھران ـ اﻟﺟدان ـ اﻟﻔﺧذان ـ اﻟﺣﻣران واﻟﻐرﺑﺎن ـ‬
‫اﻟزھران او اﻟﺷﺟران ـ اﻟﻛﺗﺎﺑﺎن و اﻟﻘﻠﻣﺎن ـ اﻟطﺎوﻟﺗﺎن ـ اﻟﺳﺎﻗﺎن واﻟﺳﻧﺎن ـ اﻟﺑوﻣﺎن او اﻟطﺎؤﺳﺎن ـ اﻷﻧﻔﺎن او‬
‫اﻟﺳﻧﺎن ـ اﻟﻐرﺑﺎن واﻟﻐزاﻻن ـ اﻟﺛوران او اﻟﺑﻘرﺗﺎن ـ‬
3) evsjv I Aviwe Ki:
two prophets or the two angels, the two boys o the two girls, the two pens or the two
notebooks, the two boys and the two daughters, the two cows and the two oxen, the two
dogs or the two crows, the two fingers and the two legs
7g cvV
‫ اﻟﻣﺛﻧﻰ اﻟﻣﻧﻛر اﻟﻣﻌرف‬wbw`©ó I Awbw`©ó wØePb
`yBRb `v`v ‫ﺟﺪان ﺻﺤﯿﺤﺎن ـ ﺟﺪان‬ Two grandfathers
`yBRb bvbv ‫ﺟﺪان ﻓﺎﺳﺪان ـ ﺟﺪان‬ Two maternal grandfathers
dzj `yBwU ‫اﻟﺰھﺮان‬ The two flowers
cyiælv½ `yÕwU ‫اﻟﺬﻛﺮان‬ The two penises
wRnev `yBwU ‫اﻟﻠﺴﺎﻧﺎن‬ The two tongues
bvbx `yBRb ‫اﻟﺠﺪﺗﺎن اﻟﻔﺎﺳﺪﺗﺎن‬ The two maternal grandmothers
Kjg `yBwU ‫اﻟﻘﻠﻤﺎن‬ The two pens
 16

Eiæ `yBwU A_ev Mjv `yBwU ‫اﻟﻔﺨﺬان او اﻟﺤﻠﻘﻮﻣﺎن‬ The two thighs and the two throats
nvZ `yBwU A_ev cv `yBwU ‫اﻟﯿﺪان أو اﻟﺮﺟﻼن‬ The two hands and the two legs
`yBwU cv‡qi bvjx I `uvZ `yBwU ‫ﺳﺎﻗﺎن او اﻟﺴﻨﺎن‬ Two legs and the two teeth
`yBwU KzKzi A_ev KzKzi `yBwU ‫ﻛﻠﺒﺎن او اﻟﻜﻠﺒﺎن‬ Two dogs and the two dogs
‡Uwej `yBwU Ges †e `yBwU ‫اﻟﻄﺎوﻟﺘﺎن و اﻟﻤﻨﻔﺬﺗﺎن‬ The two tables and the two benches
B`uyi `yBwU I Li‡Mvk `yBwU ‫اﻟﻔﺎران واﻻرﻧﺒﺎن‬ The two rats and two rabbits
`yBwU Mvfx I `yBwU lvo ‫ﺑﻘﺮﺗﺎن و ﺛﻮران‬ Two cows and two oxen
`yBwU QvZv I `yBwU cvLv ‫ﺷﻤﺴﯿﺘﺎن وﻣﺮوﺣﺘﺎن‬ Two umbrella and two hand-fans
6ô Abykxjbx
1) Aviwe I Bs‡iwR Ki:
‡jvK `yBwU A_ev Kb¨v `yBwU| `yBwU †d‡i¯Ív I `yBwU ‡cÖwiZ ivm~j| `yBRb Kb¨v I `yBRb ¯^vgx| Kjg `yBwU
A_ev †`vqvZ `yBwU| `yBwU Kvco I `yBwU cvqRvgv| `yBRb cÖwZcvjK I `yBRb cyiæl| `v`v `yBRb A_ev `v`x
`yBRb| Kjg `yBwU A_ev `yBwU Kjg| `yBwU e· A_ev `yBwU †Pqvi| `yBRb fwMœ I fwMœ `yBwU| wmsn `yBwU Ges
`yBwU evN|
2) evsjv Ki:
‫اﻟﻘرآن او اﻟﺷﻣﺳﺎن ـ ﻋﻣﺗﺎن و اﻟﺧﺎﻟﺗﺎن ـ ﺛﻌﻠﺑﺎن و أﺳدان ـ ﺻﺑﯾﺎن او اﻟﺻﺑﯾﺗﺎن ـ اﻟﻛﺗﺎﺑﺎن او اﻟدﻓﺗران ـ دﻓﺗران وﻛراﺳﺗﺎن‬
‫ـ ﻗرطﺎﺳﺎن و ﯾواﻧﺎن ـ إﻣﮭﺗﺎن و واﻟدان ـ اﻻﺧﺗﺎن او أﺧوان ـ اﻟﺻﺑﯾﺎن او اﻟﺻﺑﯾﺗﺎن ـ اﻟرأﺳﺎن او اﻷﻧﻔﺎن ـ ﺟﻣﻼن و‬
‫ﺣﻣﺎران ـ اﻻﺑﻼن و اﻻﺳدان ـ ﺑوﻣﺎن واﻟﻧﻣران ـ اﻟﻐراﺑﺎن واﻟطﺎﺋران ـ اﻟﺣﻧزﯾران و اﻻرﻧﺑﺎن ـ‬
3)evsjv I Aviwe Ki:
the two cows and the two oxen, two tongues, the two grandfathers , two pens and two pencils,
two hands and two legs, two rats and the two rabbits, the two umbrella and the two hand-fans,
the two legs and two teeth.
8g cvV
‫ اﻟﺟﻣﻊ اﻟﻣﻧﻛر‬Awbw`©ó eûePb
evsjv Aviwe English evsjv Aviwe English
A‡bK¸wj cy¯ÍK ‫ﻛﺘﺐ‬ books A‡bK¸wj Mvfx ‫ﺑﻘﺮان‬ cows
A‡bK¸wj Kjg ‫اﻗﻼم‬ pens A‡bK¸wj cyÎ ‫أﺑﻨﺎء‬ sons
A‡bK¸wj Kb¨v ‫ﺑﻨﺎت‬ daughters A‡bK¸wj cÖvYx ‫ﺣﯿﻮاﻧﺎت‬ animals
A‡bK¸wj evjK ‫اوﻻد‬ boys A‡bK¸wj evbi ‫ﻗﺮدة‬ monkeys
A‡bK KzKzi ‫ﻛﻼب‬ dogs A‡bK¸wj gq~i ‫طﻮاوﯾﺲ‬ peacocks
evsjv Aviwe English evsjv Aviwe English
A‡bK PvPv ‫ أﻋﻤﺎم‬uncles A‡bK¸wj evjK I evwjKv ‫أوﻻد و ﺑﻨﺎت‬ Boys and girls
A‡bK¸wj igYx ‫ ﻧﺴﺎء‬ladies A‡bK¸wj KvMR I Kjg ‫ﻗﺮاطﯿﺲ و اﻗﻼم‬ papers and pens
A‡bK¸wj KvMR ‫ ﻗﺮاطﯿﺲ‬papers A‡bK¸wj Mvav I KzKzi ‫ﺣﻤﺮ و ﻛﻼب‬ donkeys and dogs
A‡bK¸wj k„Mvj ‫ ﺛﻌﺎﻟﺐ‬foxes A‡bK¸wj cyiæl I ¯¿x ‫رﺟﺎل و ﻧﺴﺎء‬ men and women
A‡bK¸wj weovj ‫ ﻗﻄﻂ‬cats A‡bK¸wj cvwL I gq~i ‫طﯿﻮر و طﻮاوﯾﺲ‬ birds and peacocks
A‡bK¸wj wmsn ‫اﺳﺪ‬ lions A‡bK¸wj cvwL I KvK ‫طﯿﻮر و ﻏﺮﺑﺎن‬ birds and crows
A‡bK¸wj DU ‫ ﺟﻤﺎل‬camels A‡bK¸wj nwiY I lvuo ‫ﻏﺰﻻن او ﺛﻮران‬ stags and oxen
A‡bK¸wj cyÎ ‫ أﺑﻨﺎء‬sons A‡bK¸wj evjK I evwjKv ‫أوﻻد و ﺑﻨﺎت‬ Boys and girls
7g Abykxjbx
1) Aviwe I Bs‡iwR Ki:
A‡bK¸wj cvwL, A‡bK¸wj KvMR, A‡bK¸wj D‡ovRvnvR, A‡bK¸wj `v`v, A‡bK¸wj bvbv, A‡bK¸wj m~h© I P›`ª,
A‡bK¸wj k„Mvj I KzKzi, A‡bK¸wj nwiY I DU, A‡bK¸wj †Nvov I Mvfx, A‡bK¸wj wcZv Ges gvZv, A‡bK¸wj
gv_v I Kvb, A‡bK¸wj Mjv I Diæ, A‡bK¸wj †Pqvi A_ev †Uwej, A‡bK¸wj wmsn I †cuPv, `yBwU nwiY I GKwU
 17

Mvfx, Mvfx A_ev lvuo `yBwU, †Nvov `yBwU A_ev ‡Nvov¸wj, GKUz Pÿz I `yBwU cv, GKwU †NvUK A_ev `yBwU †NvUK,
GKwU nvZ I GKwU gv_v, `yBwU KzKzi A_ev A‡bK¸wj k„Mvj|
2) evsjv Ki:
‫رﺟﺎل ـ ﻧﺳﺎء ـ أﺳد ـ أﺑل ـ ﺧﯾل ـ اﺗن ـ ﺟﻣﺎل ـ ﺑﻘرات ـ اﺛوار ـ ﺛران وﺣﻣر ـ ﺟﻣﺎل و ﺧﯾل ـ ﻛﻼب و ﻛﻠﺑﺎن ـ ﻋﯾن و‬
‫رأﺳﺎن ـ ﯾد و ﯾدان ـ إﺻﺑﻊ وﺳﺎق ـ وﻻﻣﻊ و اﻧﻔﺎن ـ أﺑﻧﺔ واﻻﻧﻔﺎن ـ اﻟﻣران وﺛﻌﻠب ـ ﻗراطﺎس و اﻟدﻓﺗران ـ اﻟﺻﺑﻰ‬
‫واﻟﺻﺑﯾﺎت ـ اﺧوات وإﺧوان ـ اﻋﻣﺎم وﻋﻣﺎن ـ ﺷﺟران واﻟﺣﺟران ـ اﻻﻣﮭﺗﺎن واﻣﮭﺎت ـ اﺷﺟﺎر واﺣﺟﺎر ـ دواوﯾن‬
‫ودﻓﺎﺗﯾر ـ ﻛﺗﺎﺑﺎن ورﺳل ـ ﺑﻧﺗﺎن وﺻﺑﻰ ـ اﻟدﯾواﻧﺎن او اﻟدواوﯾن ـ‬
3)evsjv I Aviwe Ki:
sons, ladies, horses, tigers, cows, dogs, camels, boys and daughters, husbands and wives,
students and teachers, days and nights, rivers or seas, hands or legs, lions or tigers
9g cvV
‫ اﻟﺟﻣﻊ اﻟﻣﻌرف‬wbw`©ó eûePb
evsjv Aviwe English evsjv Aviwe English
cy¯ÍK¸wj ‫اﻟﻜﺘﺐ‬ The books Kjg¸wj ‫اﻻﻗﻼم‬ The pens
‡jvK¸wj ‫اﻟﺮﺟﺎل‬ The men cv_i¸wj ‫اﻻﺣﺠﺎر‬ The stones
¯^vgx¸wj ‫اﻟﺒﻌﺎل‬ The husbands PvPvmg~n ‫اﻻﻋﻤﺎم‬ The uncles
gvbyl¸wj ‫اﻻﻧﺎس‬ The men MvQ¸wj I cv_i¸wj ‫ اﻻﺷﺠﺎر واﻻﺣﺠﺎر‬The trees and the stones
evjK¸wj ‫اﻟﺼﺒﯿﺎن‬ The boys cyθwj A_ev Kb¨v¸wj ‫ اﻻﺑﻨﺎء واﻟﺒﻨﺎت‬The sons and the daughters
PvPx mg~n ‫اﻟﻌﻤﺎت‬ The aunts ¯^vgxmg~n I ¯¿xmg~n ‫ اﻟﺒﻌﺎل واﻟﺰوﺟﺎت‬The husbands and the wives
cÖf‚¸wj ‫اﻻرﺑﺎب‬ The lords Kjg¸wj I KvMR¸wj ‫ اﻻﻗﻼم واﻟﻘﺮاطﯿﺲ‬The pens and The papers
`v`v¸wj ‫اﻻﺟﺪاد‬ The grandfathers
¯¿x¸wj ‫اﻟﺰوﺟﺎت‬ The wives
8g Abykxjbx
1) Aviwe I Bs‡iwR Ki:
‡cÖwiZ cyiæl¸wj, †d‡i¯Ív¸wj, cy¯ÍK¸wj, Kjg¸wj,LvZvmg~n, KvMRmg~n, fwMœmg~n A_ev fvBmg~n, cÖf‚mg~n I
Kb¨vmg~n, fvB `yÕwU I fvB¸wj, Kb¨vwU ev evjKmg~n, k„Mvj `yÕwU A_ev KzKzimg~n, Kb¨vmg~n I cyÎmg~n, `yBRb
wcZv I `yBRb gvZv, cv_i `yBwU I cv_i¸wj, gvmymg~n I gvmxmg~n, wmsn `yBwU A_ev ‡cuPvmg~n, nwiY¸wj Ges
gwnl¸wj, `yBwU Po–BcvwL I Po–BcvwLimg~n, †cuPv `yBwU A_ev †cuPv¸wj, A‡bK¸wj nwiY I nwiY ¸wj, A‡bK¸wj
Pÿz I Pÿzmg~n, `yBwU nvZ A_ev nvZmg~n|
2) evsjv Ki:
‫اﻟرﺟﺎل ـ اﻟﻐرﺑﺎن ـ اﻻطواس ـ اﻟﻛﻼب ـ اﻷرﺟل ـ اﻷﻋﯾن ـ اﻻﺻﺎﺑﻊ واﻟﺳوق ـ اﻟﻛﻼب واﻟﻌﺻﺎﻓﯾر ـ اﻟطﺑﺎء او اﻟﺣﻣر ـ‬
‫اﻟﺑﻘرات واﻟﺟﻣﺎل ـ اﻟﺧﯾل واﻻﺗن ـ اﻟﻐزﻻن او اﻟﯾﺛران ـ اﻟطﺎوﻻت اﻟو اﻟﻛراﺳﻰ ـ اﻷﺳد واﻟﺑودان ـ اﻷﻋﯾن واﻟراﺳﺎن ـ‬
‫اﻻﻧوف او اﻷﺑﻧﺔ ـ اﻟﻌﺻﺎﻓﯾر او اﻟطواوﯾس ـ اﻻرﺟل او اﻷﻋﯾن ـ اﻟرﺋوس واﻻﺻﺎﺑﻊ ـ اﻋﯾن أﺻﺎﺑﻊ ـ اﻟظﺑﺎء اواﻟﺟﻣﺎل ـ‬
‫اﻻﻓﺧﺎذ وﺧﻼﻗﯾم ـ اﻛﺗﺎف و اﺷﻌﺎر ـ اﻟﺳﻧﺔ و ﻟﺣﻰ ـ‬
3)evsjv I Aviwe Ki:
hands and legs, , the rats and the two rabbits, the umbrellas and the hand-fans, the legs and teeth,
the rats and two rabbits, the umbrellas and two hand-fans, legs and teeth, the hands and the legs
10g cvV
‫ اﻟﺟﻣﻊ اﻟﻣﻧﻛر اﻟﻣﻌرف‬wbw`©ó Awbw`©ó eûePb
Mvavmg~n A_ev Li‡Mvk ¸wj ‫اﻟﺤﻤﺮ او اﻻراﻧﺐ‬ The donkeys and the rabbits
A‡bK¸wj cvwL Ges cvLvmg~n ‫طﯿﻮر واﻟﻤﺮاوﯾﺢ‬ Birds and the fans
Mvfx¸wj Ges Mvav¸wj ‫اﻟﺒﻘﺮات و اﻟﺤﻤﺮ‬ The cows and the donkeys
A‡bK¸wj Uzwc ev A‡bK¸wj Kvco ‫ﻗﺒﻌﺎت او اﺛﻮاب‬ Caps and cloths
GKwU evjK, `yBwU evjK I A‡bK¸wj evjK ‫وﻟﺪ و وﻟﺪان وأوﻻد‬ A boy, two boys and many boys
`yBwU Mvav, GKwU nwiY I A‡bK¸wj Mvfx ‫ﺣﻤﺎران و ظﺒﻰ وﺑﻘﺮات‬ Two donkeys, a deer and many cows
 18

evjKwU A_ev Kb¨vwU A_ev igbxwU ‫اﻟﻮﻟﺪ او اﻟﺒﻨﺖ او اﻻﻣﺮأة‬ The boy or the daughter or the lady
A‡bK¸wj QvÎ A_ev A‡bK¸wj QvÎx ‫اﻻوﻻد او اﻟﺒﻨﺘﺎن او اﻟﻨﺴﺎء‬ Male students and female students
A‡bK¸wj MvQ I cv_i ‫ﺗﻼﻣﯿﺬ او ﺗﻠﻤﯿﺬات‬ Trees and stones
9g Abykxjbx
1) Aviwe I Bs‡iwR Ki:
K) K‡qKwU †Nvov, `yBwU I A‡bK¸wj †Nvov, A‡bK¸wj Ni A_ev Ni¸wj, Uzwcmg~n A_ev A‡bK¸wj Kvco, A‡bK
†LKwkqvj I A‡bK¸wj wmsn, dzjmg~n A_ev cvZv¸wj, A‡bK¸wj †`vqvZ I Kjg¸wj, A‡bK¸wj wWg A_ev
A‡bK¸wj Mvfx, gv`ivmv ¸wj A_ev Ni¸wj, cyÎMY A_ev Kb¨vMY, igbxMY A_ev A‡bK¸wj ¯¿x, A‡bK¸wj `v`v I
`v`x, A‡bK¸wj dzj A_ev A‡bK¸wj dj, GKwU nwiY A_ev A‡bK¸wj nwiY, Z‡jvqvi `yBwU Ges N›Uv `yBwU,
ivRv `yBwU ev ivYx `yBwU, A‡bK¸wj ivRv I ivYx,
L) GKwU Kb¨v, `yBwU Kb¨v, A‡bK¸wj Kb¨v, cy¯ÍK `yBwU, GKwU KvMR, k„MvjwU, evjK `yBwU, A‡bK¸wj LvZv, wcZv
I gvZv, PvPv I PvPx, GKwU evN, GKRb `v`x, KjgwU, †d‡i¯Ív `yBwU, GKRb cÖf‚, †jvK `yBwU, evjKwU A_ev
evwjKvwU, LvZv I Kjg, evjK `yBwU A_ev Kb¨v¸wj, cv_i `yBwU A_ev `yBwU MvQ, A‡bK¸wj gvmy I A‡bK¸wj
gvmx, `yBwU †Nvov I `yBwU KvK, nwiYwU Ges cvwLwU, GKwU luvo GKwU Mvfx, `yBwU cv I `yBwU nvZ, A‡bK¸wj nvZ
I GKwU cv, `yBwU †cuPv ev `yBwU cvwL, GKwU DU A_ev `yBwU Miæ, `yBwU ‡NvUK A_ev GKwU †NvUKx,
2) evsjv Ki:
‫اﺳد ـ ﻛﻠب ـ ﺧﯾل ـ ﺟﻣل ـ ﻋﯾن ـ اﻟﻌﯾن ـ اﻟﻛﻠب ـ اﻟرﺟل ـ اﻻﺻﺑﻌﺎت ـ اﺑﻼن ـ اﻻﺳدان ـ اﻟﺑوان او اﻟﻔرﺳﺎن ـ اﻟﻐرﺑﺎن‬
‫او اﻟﻔﺎران ـ اﻻﺳد واﻻﺑﺎل ـ طﺎوﻻت وﻛراﺳﺎت ـ ﻛراﺳﺔ و دﻓﺗران ـ اﻟﻌﯾن واﻻذن ـ واﻻﻧﻔﺎن ـ اﻟﺳﻧﺎن وأﻧوف ـ‬
‫ذﻛور وﻓروج ـ ذﻣر وﺣﺟران ـ اﻻﻓﺧﺎذ واﻻﻛﻧﺎف ـ ﻟﺳﺎن وﻟﺳﺎﻧﺎن وأﺳﻧﻧﺔ ـ ﻟﺣﯾﺗﺎن وﺷﻌر ـ اﻟﺣﻠﻘوم واﻟﻔﺧذ ـ‬
‫اﻟظﺑﻰ وﻏزال ـ اﻟﻐزﻻن او اﻟﺳﯾﻔﺎن ـ اﻻﺳﻧﺎن واﻻﻋﯾن ـ اﻟﻌﺻﻔوران وطﺎﺋر ـ طﺎﺋران او ﻏزﻻن ـ اﻟﻛﻠب‬
‫واﻟﺳﻧور او اﻻرﻧﺑﺎن ـ اﻟﺛوب واﻟﻘﻣﯾص ـ ﻗﻣﯾﺻﺎن او اﺛواب ـ اﻟﻔرس واﻟﻔرﺳﺎن او اﻻﻓراس ـ اﻟرﺋوس واﻻﺻﺎﺑﻊ‬
3)evsjv I Aviwe Ki:
the birds and fans, the trees and the stones, donkeys and the rabbits, ears and two teeth,
two donkeys and many camels, peacocks and goats, two ears and many hands, the two
chairs and two chairs, books and pens, the stars and the moon, birds and hens
11k cvV
‫اﻟﻣﻔردات‬
evsjv Bs‡iwR Aviwe
fvB‡cv Nephew
‡RVZz fvB Cousin
LoZz‡Zv fvB
‡RVv
gvgv wc‡m
‡RVx/ Lyox/ gvgx/ wcmv
‡`ex

‫واﺣﺪ‬ ‫ﺟﻤﻊ‬ ‫واﺣﺪ‬ ‫ﺟﻤﻊ‬

‫ﺻﺪﯾﻖ‬ ‫أﺻﺪﻗﺎء‬ ‫ﺳﯿﺪ‬ ‫ﺳﯿﺪون‬
‫ﺧﻠﯿﻞ‬ ‫أﺧﻼء‬ ‫ﺳﯿﺪة‬ ‫ﺳﯿﺪات‬
‫ﺻﺎﺣﺐ‬ ‫أﺻﺤﺎب‬ ‫ﺟﻨﻰ‬ ‫ﺟﻨﯿﻮن‬
‫ﺣﺒﯿﺐ‬ ‫أﺣﺒﺎء‬ ‫ﺟﻨﯿﺔ‬ ‫ﺟﻨﯿﺎت‬
‫ﺧﺎﻟﺔ‬ ‫ﺧﺎﻻت‬ ‫ﺧﺎدم‬ ‫ﺧﺎدﻣﻮن ـ ﺧﺪام ـ ﺧﺪم‬
‫ﺧﺎل‬ ‫اﺧﻮال‬ ‫ﺧﺎدﻣﺔ‬ ‫ﺧﺎدﻣﺎت‬
‫زوﺟﺔ اﻟﺤﺎل‬ ‫زوﺟﺎت اﻟﺤﺎل‬ ‫ﻋﺎﻣﻠﺔ‬ ‫ﻋﺎﻣﻼت‬
‫زوﺟﺔ اﻟﺤﺎﻟﺔ‬ ‫زوﺟﺎت اﻟﺤﺎﻟﺔ‬ ‫ﺑﻌﻠﺔ‬ ‫ﺑﻌﻼت‬
‫ﻗﺮﯾﺐ‬ ‫اﻗﺮﺑﺎء‬ ‫ﻏﺴﺎﻟﺔ‬ ‫ﻏﺴﺎﻻت‬
 ‫‪19‬‬

‫ﻧﺴﯿﺐ‬ ‫اﻧﺴﺒﺎء ـ ﻧﺴﺒﺎء‬ ‫ﻋﺎﻣﻠﺔ‬ ‫ﻋﺎﻣﻼت‬

‫اﻹھﺔ‬ ‫اﻻھﺎت‬ ‫ﺣﻤﺆ‬ ‫أﺣﻤﺎء‬
‫ﻣﻌﺒﻮد‬ ‫ﻣﻌﺒﻮدات‬ ‫ﺻﮭﺮ‬ ‫أﺻﮭﺎر‬
‫ﻣﻠﻜﺔ‬ ‫ﻣﻠﻜﺎت‬ ‫ﻛﻨﺔ‬ ‫ﻛﻨﺎت‬
‫ارﻣﻠﺔ‬ ‫اراﻣﻞ‬ ‫ﺣﻔﯿﺪ‬ ‫ﺣﻔﺪاء‬
‫ﺳﺎھﺮ‬ ‫ﺳﺎھﺮون‬ ‫ﺣﻔﯿﺪة‬ ‫ﺣﻔﯿﺪات‬
‫ﻋﺮاف‬ ‫ﻋﺮاﻓﻮن‬ ‫ﺑﺎﯾﺔ‬ ‫راﯾﺎت‬
‫ﻋﺮوس‬ ‫ﻋﺮﯾﺲ‬ ‫ﺟﺪ‬ ‫أﺟﺪاد‬
‫ﻋﺮﯾﺴﺔ‬ ‫ﻋﺮاﺋﺲ‬ ‫ﺷﺮﯾﻜﺔ‬ ‫ﺷﺮﯾﻜﺎت‬
‫ﺟﺪة‬ ‫ﺟﺪات‬

‫ﺿﻤﺎﺋﺮ اﻟﻔﺎﻋﻞ‬
‫ﺟﻤﻊ‬ ‫ﺗﺜﻨﯿﺔ‬ ‫واﺣﺪ‬ ‫ﺟﻨﺲ‬
‫ھﻢ‬ ‫ھﻤﺎ‬ ‫ھﻮ‬ ‫ﻣﺬﻛﺮ ﻏﺎﺋﺐ‬
‫ھﻦ‬ ‫ھﻤﺎ‬ ‫ھﻰ‬ ‫ﻣﺆﻧﺚ ﻏﺎﺋﺐ‬
‫اﻧﺘﻢ‬ ‫اﻧﺘﻤﺎ‬ ‫اﻧﺖَ‬ ‫ﻣﺬﻛﺮ ﺣﺎﺿﺮ‬
‫اﻧﺘﻦ‬ ‫اﻧﺘﻤﺎ‬ ‫ﺖ‬
‫ِ‬ ‫اﻧ‬ ‫ﺣﺎﺿﺮ‬ ‫ﻣﺆﻧﺚ‬
‫ﻧﺤﻦ‬ ‫ﻧﺤﻦ‬ ‫اﻧﺎ‬ ‫ﻣﺬﻛﺮ و ﻣﺆﻧﺚ ﻣﺘﻜﻠﻢ‬
‫ﺿﻤﺎﺋﺮ اﻹﺿﺎﻓﺔ‬
‫ﺟﻤﻊ‬ ‫ﺗﺜﻨﯿﺔ‬ ‫واﺣﺪ‬ ‫ﺟﻨﺲ‬
‫ھﻢ‬ ‫ھﻤﺎ‬ ‫ه‬ ‫ﻣﺬﻛﺮ ﻏﺎﺋﺐ‬
‫ھﻦ‬ ‫ھﻤﺎ‬ ‫ھﺎ‬ ‫ﻣﺆﻧﺚ ﻏﺎﺋﺐ‬
‫ﻛﻢ‬ ‫ﻛﻤﺎ‬ ‫كَ‬ ‫ﻣﺬﻛﺮ ﺣﺎﺿﺮ‬
‫ﻛﻦ‬ ‫ﻛﻤﺎ‬ ‫ِك‬ ‫ﻣﺆﻧﺚ ﺣﺎﺿﺮ‬
‫ﻧﺎ‬ ‫ﻧﺎ‬ ‫ى‬ ‫ﻣﺬﻛﺮ و ﻣﺆﻧﺚ ﻣﺘﻜﻠﻢ‬
‫ﺿﻤﺎﺋﺮ اﻟﻤﻔﻌﻮل‬
‫ﺟﻤﻊ‬ ‫ﺗﺜﻨﯿﺔ‬ ‫واﺣﺪ‬
‫ھﻢ‬ ‫ھﻤﺎ‬ ‫ه‬ ‫ﻣﺬﻛﺮ ﻏﺎﺋﺐ‬
‫ھﻦ‬ ‫ھﻤﺎ‬ ‫ھﺎ‬ ‫ﻣﺆﻧﺚ ﻏﺎﺋﺐ‬
‫ﻛﻢ‬ ‫ﻛﻤﺎ‬ ‫كَ‬ ‫ﻣﺬﻛﺮ ﺣﺎﺿﺮ‬
‫ﻛﻦ‬ ‫ﻛﻤﺎ‬ ‫ِك‬ ‫ﻣﺆﻧﺚ ﺣﺎﺿﺮ‬
‫ﻧﺎ‬ ‫ﻧﺎ‬ ‫ى‬ ‫ﻣﺬﻛﺮ و ﻣﺆﻧﺚ ﻣﺘﻜﻠﻢ‬

‫‪12k cvV‬‬
‫)‪ me©bvg (Personal Pronoun‬اﻟﺿﻣﯾر‬
‫‪ †K cyb: cyb: D‡jøL bv K‡i Zvi cwie‡Z© †h kã e¨envi Kiv nq, Zv‡K‬إﺳم ¨‪ : fvlv‡K kÖæwZgayi Kwievi Rb‬ﺿﻤﯿﺮ‬
‫|‪ ejv nq‬ﺿﻣﯾر ‪ ejv nq| GK K_vq †h kã †Kvb bv‡gi cwie‡Z© e¨eüZ nq, Zvnv‡K‬ﺿﻣﯾر‬
‫‪ : mvaviYZ: wZb cÖKvi:‬ﺿﻤﯿﺮ‬
‫‪ : KZ…©KviK me©bvg‬ﺿﻣﺎﺋر اﻟﻔﺎﻋل )‪(1‬‬
‫‪ : Kg©KviK me©bvg‬ﺿﻣﺎﺋر اﻟﻣﻔﻌول )‪(2‬‬
‫|‪ : m¤^Üzm~PK me©bvg‬ﺿﻤﺎﺋﺮ اﻹﺿﺎﻓﺔ )‪(3‬‬
 20

1) ‫ ﺿﻣﺎﺋر اﻟﻔﺎﻋل‬: KZ…©KviK me©bvg

‫ﺿﻤﺎﺋﺮ اﻟﻔﺎﻋﻞ‬
‫ﺟﻤﻊ‬ ‫ﺗﺜﻨﯿﺔ‬ ‫واﺣﺪ‬ ‫ﺟﻨﺲ‬
Zviv (c~:) ‫ھﻢ‬ Zviv `yBRb ‫ھﻤﺎ‬ ‡m ‫ھﻮ‬ ‫ﻣﺬﻛﺮ ﻏﺎﺋﺐ‬
Zviv (¯¿x) ‫ھﻦ‬ Zviv `yBRb (¯¿x) ‫ھﻤﺎ‬ ‡m (¯¿x) ‫ھﻰ‬ ‫ﻣﺆﻧﺚ ﻏﺎﺋﺐ‬
‡Zvgiv (c~:) ‫اﻧﺘﻢ‬ ‡Zvgiv 2 Rb (c~:) ‫ اﻧﺘﻤﺎ‬Zzwg (c~:) َ‫اﻧﺖ‬ ‫ﻣﺬﻛﺮ ﺣﺎﺿﺮ‬
‡Zvgiv (¯¿x) ‫اﻧﺘﻦ‬ ‡Zvgiv 2Rb (¯¿x) ‫ اﻧﺘﻤﺎ‬Zzwg (¯¿x) ‫ﺖ‬
ِ ‫اﻧ‬ ‫ﺣﺎﺿﺮ‬ ‫ﻣﺆﻧﺚ‬
Avgiv (¯¿x- c~:) ‫ﻧﺤﻦ‬ Avgiv 2Rb (¯¿x-c~:) ‫ ﻧﺤﻦ‬Avwg (¯¿x-c~:) ‫ﻣﺬﻛﺮ و ﻣﺆﻧﺚ ﻣﺘﻜﻠﻢ اﻧﺎ‬
.
‫ھﻮ‬ ‫ﺿﻤﺎﺋﺮ اﻟﻔﺎﻋﻞ‬ Gi ‫واﺣﺪ ﻣﺬﻛﺮ ﻏﺎﺋﺐ‬ ‡m GKRb c~iæl
‫ھﻤﺎ‬ ‫ﺿﻤﺎﺋﺮ اﻟﻔﺎﻋﻞ‬ Gi ‫ﺗﺜﻨﯿﺔ ﻣﺬﻛﺮ ﻏﺎﺋﺐ‬ Zviv `yBRb c~iæl
‫ھﻢ‬ ‫ﺿﻤﺎﺋﺮ اﻟﻔﺎﻋﻞ‬ Gi ‫ﺟﻤﻊ ﻣﺬﻛﺮ ﻏﺎﺋﺐ‬ Zviv A‡bK¸wj c~iæl
‫ھﻰ‬ ‫ﺿﻤﺎﺋﺮ اﻟﻔﺎﻋﻞ‬ Gi ‫واﺣﺪ ﻣﺆﻧﺚ ﻏﺎﺋﺐ‬ ‡m GKRb ¯¿x
‫ھﻤﺎ‬ ‫ﺿﻤﺎﺋﺮ اﻟﻔﺎﻋﻞ‬ Gi ‫ﺗﺜﻨﯿﺔ ﻣﺆﻧﺚ ﻏﺎﺋﺐ‬ Zviv `yBRb ¯¿x
‫ھﻦ‬ ‫ﺿﻤﺎﺋﺮ اﻟﻔﺎﻋﻞ‬ Gi ‫ﺟﻤﻊ ﻣﺆﻧﺚ ﻏﺎﺋﺐ‬ Zviv A‡bK¸wj ¯¿x
‫اﻧﺖ‬ ‫ﺿﻤﺎﺋﺮ اﻟﻔﺎﻋﻞ‬ Gi ‫واﺣﺪ ﻣﺬﻛﺮ ﺣﺎﺿﺮ‬ Zzwg GKRb c~iæl
‫اﻧﺘﻤﺎ‬ ‫ﺿﻤﺎﺋﺮ اﻟﻔﺎﻋﻞ‬ Gi ‫ﺗﺜﻨﯿﺔ ﻣﺬﻛﺮ ﺣﺎﺿﺮ‬ ‡Zvgiv `yBRb c~iæl
‫اﻧﺘﻢ‬ ‫ﺿﻤﺎﺋﺮ اﻟﻔﺎﻋﻞ‬ Gi ‫ﺟﻤﻊ ﻣﺬﻛﺮ ﺣﺎﺿﺮ‬ ‡Zvgiv A‡bK¸wj c~iæl
‫ﺖ‬
ِ ‫اﻧ‬ ‫ﺿﻤﺎﺋﺮ اﻟﻔﺎﻋﻞ‬ Gi ‫واﺣﺪ ﻣﺆﻧﺚ ﺣﺎﺿﺮ‬ Zzwg GKRb ¯¿x
‫اﻧﺘﻤﺎ‬ ‫ﺿﻤﺎﺋﺮ اﻟﻔﺎﻋﻞ‬ Gi ‫ﺗﺜﻨﯿﺔ ﻣﺆﻧﺚ ﺣﺎﺿﺮ‬ ‡Zvgiv `yBRb ¯¿x
‫اﻧﺘﻦ‬ ‫ﺿﻤﺎﺋﺮ اﻟﻔﺎﻋﻞ‬ Gi ‫ﺟﻤﻊ ﻣﺆﻧﺚ ﺣﺎﺿﺮ‬ ‡Zvgiv A‡bK¸wj ¯¿x
‫اﻧﺎ‬ ‫ﺿﻤﺎﺋﺮ اﻟﻔﺎﻋﻞ‬ Gi ‫ واﺣﺪ ﻣﺬﻛﺮ وﻣﺆﻧﺚ ﻣﺘﻜﻠﻢ‬Avwg GKRb (c~: ev ¯¿x)
‫ﻧﻜﻦ‬ ‫ﺿﻤﺎﺋﺮ اﻟﻔﺎﻋﻞ‬ Gi ‫ ﺟﻤﻊ ﻣﺬﻛﺮ وﻣﺆﻧﺚ ﻣﺘﻜﻠﻢ‬Avgiv A‡bK¸wj (c~: ev ¯¿x)

‡m (cy:) ‫ھﻮ‬ Zzwg (c~:) َ‫اﻧﺖ‬ Zviv (c~:) ‫ھﻢ‬ ‡Zvgiv (c~:) ‫اﻧﺘﻢ‬
‡m (¯¿x:) ‫ھﻰ‬ Zzwg (¯¿x:) ‫ﺖ‬
ِ ‫اﻧ‬ Zviv (¯¿x:) ‫ھﻦ‬ ‡Zvgiv (¯¿x:) ‫اﻧﺘﻦ‬
Zviv 2Rb (c~:/¯¿x) ‫ھﻤﺎ‬ Avwg(c~:/¯¿x) ‫ اﻧﺎ‬Avgiv 2Rb(c~:/¯¿x) ‫ﻧﺤﻦ‬
‡Zvgiv 2Rb (c~:/¯¿x) ‫اﻧﺘﻤﺎ‬ Avgiv (c~:/¯¿x) ‫ﻧﺤﻦ‬

‡m ‫ھﻰ ـ ھﻮ‬ Zzwg ِ ‫ اﻧ‬Zviv 2Rb ‫ھﻤﺎ‬

َ‫ﺖ ـ اﻧﺖ‬ Avwg ‫اﻧﺎ‬
Zviv ‫ھﻦ ـ ھﻢ‬ ‡Zvgiv ‫‡ اﻧﺘﻦ ـﺎﻧﺘﻢ‬Zvgiv 2Rb ‫اﻧﺘﻤﺎ‬ Avgiv ‫ﻧﺤﻦ‬
Avgiv 2Rb ‫ﻧﺤﻦ‬
Personal Pronoun
†Kv‡bv e¨w³ ev e¯‘i bv‡gi cwie‡Z© †h Pronoun e¨en„Z nq Zv‡K Personal Pronoun e‡j|
 e¨w³i cwie‡Z© : Kamal is a good boy. I like him.
 e¯‘i cwie‡Z© : Oxygen is important for life. It is found everywhere.
Personal Pronoun wZb cÖKvi|
1. First person ev DËg cyiæl †hgb: I, we, my, me, our, us, ours
2. Second person ev ga¨g cyiæl †hgb: You, your, yours
3. Third person ev bvg cyiæl †hgb : He, she, him, his, they, their, them, it
wb‡Pi Q‡Ki gva¨‡g Personal pronoun AviI PgrKvifv‡e †`Lv‡bv n‡jv :
 21

Person singular plural

Nominative I (Avwg) We (A&vgiv)
1st Person Objective Me (Avgv‡K) Us (Avgv‡`i‡K)
possessive My, mine (Avgvi) Our, ours (Avgv‡`i)
Nominative You (Zzwg) You (‡Zvgiv)
2nd Person Objective You (†Zvgv‡K) You (†Zvgv‡`i‡K)
Possessive Your, yours (‡Zvgvi) Your, yours (†Zvgv‡`i)
Nominative He, she, (†m) it They (Zviv)
3rd Person Objective Him, her, (Zv‡K)it Them (Zv‡`i‡K)
possessive His, hers (Zv‡K) its Their, theirs (Zv‡`i‡K)
Possessives are of two kinds:
1) Possessive pronoun 2) Possessive adjective
1) Possessive pronoun: mine, ours, yours, his, hers, theirs G¸‡jv‡K Possessive pronoun e‡j | G¸‡jvi
ci noun e‡m bv | G¸‡jv verb Gi c‡i ev c~‡e© Avjv`vfv‡e Av‡m |
Mine : This pen is mine
Ours : Ours is a small country.
Yours : Which book is yours?
His : This book is his.
Hers : This ring is hers.
Theirs: That house is theirs.
2) Possessive adjective: my, our, your, his, her, their, its G¸‡jv noun Gi c~‡e© e‡m adjective Gi KvR K‡i
e‡j G¸‡j‡K Possessive adjective e‡j |
My : This is my pen.
Our : That is our school.
Your : Which is your pen?
His : This is his car.
Her : That is her ring.
Their : That is their village.
Avwg nB I am
Avgiv nB We are
Zzwg nI You are
‡Zvgiv nI You are
‡m (c~:) nq He is
‡m (¯¿x:) nq She is
Zviv nq They are
Bnv nq It is
13k cvV
we:`ª:
1) ‫اﺳم‬hw` ‫ واﺣﺪ‬nq, Z‡e ‫† ﺿﻤﺎﺋﺮاﻟﻔﺎﻋﻞ‬K I ‫ واﺣﺪ‬Avb‡Z n‡e| h_v:- ‫† ھﻮ زﯾﺪ‬m hv‡q`| D`vniY ‫ زﯾﺪ‬kãwU ‫ اﺳﻢ‬ZvB
Zvi ‫† ﺿﻤﯿﺮ‬K ‫ واﺣﺪ‬Avbv n‡q‡Q|
2) ‫ اﺳﻢ‬hw` ‫ ﺗﺜﻨﯿﺔ‬nq, Z‡e ‫† ﺿﻤﺎﺋﺮ اﻟﻔﺎﻋﻞ‬K I ‫ ﺗﺜﻨﯿﺔ‬Avb‡Z n‡e| h_v: ‫ھﻤﺎ رﺟﻼن ـ اﻧﺘﻤﺎ رﺟﻼن ـ‬
3) ‫ اﺳﻢ‬hw` ‫ ﺟﻤﻊ‬nq, Z‡e ‫† ﺿﻤﺎﺋﺮ اﻟﻔﺎﻋﻞ‬K I ‫ ﺟﻤﻊ‬Avb‡Z n‡e| h_v: ‫ھﻢ رﺟﺎل‬
4) ‫ اﺳﻢ‬hw` ‫ ﻣﺬﻛﺮ‬nq, Z‡e ‫† ﺿﻤﺎﺋﺮ اﻟﻔﺎﻋﻞ‬K I ‫ ﻣﺬﻛﺮ‬Avb‡Z n‡e| h_v: ‫اﻧﺖ رﺟﻞ ـ ھﻮ رﺟﻞ‬
5) ‫ اﺳﻢ‬hw` ‫ ﻣﺆﻧﺚ‬nq, Z‡e ‫† ﺿﻤﺎﺋﺮ اﻟﻔﺎﻋﻞ‬K I ‫ ﻣﺆﻧﺚ‬Avb‡Z n‡e| h_v: ‫اﻧﺖ إﻣﺮأة ـ ھﻮ ﺑﻨﺖ‬
 22

‡m GKwU evjK ‫ھﻮ وﻟﺪ‬ He is a boy

‡m GKwU evwjKv ‫ھﻰ ﺑﻨﺖ‬ She is a girl.
Zzwg GKRb evjK ‫اﻧﺖ وﻟﺪ‬ You are a boy.
Zzwg GKRb evwjKv ‫اﻧﺖ ﺑﻨﺖ‬ You are a girl
Avwg GKRb evjK ‫اﻧﺎ وﻟﺪ‬ I am a boy
Avwg GKRb evwjKv :‫اﻧﺎ ﺑﻨﺖ‬ I am a girl.
‡m evwjKv ‫ھﻰ ﺑﻨﺖ‬ She is a girl
wZwb gvZv ‫ھﻰ ام‬ She is a mother.
Avcwb wkÿK ‫اﻧﺖ اﺳﺘﺎذ‬ You are a teacher.
Avcwb gvZv ‫اﻧﺖ ام‬ You are mother.
Avwg PvPv ‫اﻧﺎ ﻋﻢ‬ I am an uncle.
10g Abykxjbx
1) Aviwe I Bs‡iwR Ki:
wZwb GKRb ivm~j| wZwb GKRb ei| †m GKRb K‡b| wZwb GKRb gnvkqv| Zzwg GKRb RvgvZv| Avwg GKRb
cyÎeay| Avwg GKRb †cŠÎ| †m GKRb †`ŠwnÎx| Zzwg GKRb †avcvbx| Zzwg GKRb cix| Avwg GKRb K‡b| †m
wegvZv| Avcwb kvïox| wZwb GKRb gwbe cZœx| Avwg GKRb m¤ªvÁx| wZwb GKRb ivYx| †m †`ex| †m GKRb
¯^cZœx| Avcwb weaev| Avwg †RVv| wZwb ˆegv‡Îq åvZv| †m k¨vjK Ges Zzwg fvmyi| Avwg †cŠÎx A_ev †m cyÎeay|
†m †Mvqvwjbx Ges Avwg †Mvqvwjbx| wZwb GKRb m¤ªvU Ges wZwb GKRb m¤ªvÁx|
2) evsjv Ki:
‫ھو ﻋم ـ اﻧت ﻋﻣﺔ ـ اﻧﺎ واﻟد ـ ھو اﺑو اﻟزوج ـ اﻧت ﻋروس ـ اﻧﺎ ﺟﮭر ـ اﻧت ﺷر ـ ھﻰ زوﺟﺔ اﻻب ـ اﻧت‬
‫ﻗرﯾب ـ ھﻰ ﺣﺑﯾﺑﺔ ـ ھو ﻋدو ـ اﻧﺎ ﻣﻠك ـ ھﻰ ﺧﺎدﻣﺔ ـ اﻧت ﺻﺑﯾﺔ ـ ھﻰ راﺑﺔ ـ اﻧﺎ ﻋروس ـ ھو ﻋراق ـ ھو‬
‫ﺧﺎل وھﻰ ﺧﺎﻟﺔ ـ اﻧت ﺻﺎﺣب وھﻰ ﺻﺎﺣﺑﺔ ـ ھﻰ ﺣﻔﯾدة وھو ﺣﻔﯾد ـ اﻧﺎ ﺟد وھﻰ ﺟدة ـ اﻧت ﻣﻌﻠﻣﺔ وھو ﻣﻌﻠم‬
‫ـ اﻧت ﺧﻠﯾل واﻧﺎ ﻗرﯾب ـ ھﻰ ارﻣﻠﺔ ـ واﻧك ﻋراف ـ ھﻰ ﺧﺎﻟﺔ اﻧﺎ ﻋرﯾﺳﺔ واﻧت ﺷرﯾﻛﺔ ـ ھو ﺧﺎدم وھﻰ ﺟﻧﻰ ـ‬
‫اﻧت ﺳﯾدة واﻧﺎ ﺷرﯾﻛﺔ ـ‬
3)evsjv I Aviwe Ki:
I am a student. She is a woman. You are a doctor. She is a housewife. He is a player.
They are friends. We are teachers. You are learners. He is my uncle. They are cousins.
14k cvV
Zviv `yBRb evjK ‫ھﻤﺎ وﻟﺪان‬ They two are boys.
Zviv `yBRb evwjKv ‫ھﻤﺎ ﺑﻨﺘﺎن‬ They two are girls.
‡Zvgiv `yBRb evjK ‫اﻧﺘﻤﺎ وﻟﺪان‬ You two are boys.
‡Zvgiv `yBRb evwjKv ‫اﻧﺘﻤﺎ ﺑﻨﺘﺎن‬ You two are girls
Avgiv `yBRb evjK ‫ﻧﺤﻦ وﻟﺪان‬ We two are boys.
Avgiv `yBRb evwjKv ‫ﻧﺤﻦ ﺑﻨﺘﺎن‬ We two are girls.
Avgiv A‡bK¸wj evjK ‫ﻧﺤﻦ اوﻻد‬ We are boys.
Avgiv A‡bK¸wj evwjKv ‫ﻧﺤﻦ ﺑﻨﺎت‬ We are girls.
†Zvgiv A‡bK¸wj evjK/†Zvgiv evjK ‫اﻧﺘﻢ اوﻻد‬ You are boys.
‡Zvgiv A‡bK¸wj evwjKv/‡Zvgiv evwjKv ‫اﻧﺘﻢ ﺑﻨﺎت‬ You are girls.
Zviv A‡bK¸wj evjK/ Zviv evjK ‫ھﻢ اوﻻد‬ They are boys.
Zviv A‡bK¸wj evwjKv/Zviv evwjKv ‫ھﻦ ﺑﻨﺎت‬ They are girls.
 23

11g Abykxjbx
1) Aviwe I Bs‡iwR Ki:
Avgiv evjK| †Zvgiv evwjKv| Zviv gvZv| †m GKRb fwMœ| †Zvgiv `yBRb †jvK| Zviv `yBRb †`ex| Avgiv
A‡bK¸wj Kb¨v| †Zvgiv `yBRb K‡b| Zviv ei| †m GKRb RvgvZv| Zzwg gvbecZœx| Zviv eÜz| †Zvgiv `yBRb
AvZ¥xq| Avgiv cix| †m GKRb cyÎeay| wZwb kvïo| Avgiv kvïox| wZwb gnvkq| Zviv 2Rb PvPv| Zviv gvgx|
Avgiv ivYx| Zviv m¤ªvU| Avgiv `yBRb ei| Avgiv gvgy| Zviv `yBRb fvB| Avgiv `yBRb Kb¨v| †Zvgiv `yBRb
gvZv| Zviv ¯¿x|
2) evsjv Ki:
‫ت ام ـ ﻧﺣن أوﻻد واﻧﺗن‬ ِ ‫ھم رﺟﺎل ـ ﻧﺣن ﺑﻧﺎت ـ اﻧﺗﻣﺎ رﺟﻼن ـ اﻧﺗن ﻧﺳﺎء ـ اﻧﺗم أوﻻد ـ ھن ﺑﻧﺎت ـ ھﻰ ﻋﻣﺔ واﻧ‬
‫زوﺟﺎت ـ اﻧﺗن ﺧﺎدﻣﺎت وھن ﺳﯾدات ـ ھم اﺧﻼء واﻧﺗم أﻋداء ـ ﻧﺣن ﻋﻣﺎن واﻧﺗﻣﺎ ﻋﻣﺗﺎن ـ ھﻣﺎ واﻟدان واﻧﺗم وادان ـ ھم‬
‫ﺻﺑﯾﺎت واﻧﺗن ﺻﺑﺎﯾﺎ ـ اﻧﺗم أﺣﻣﺎء وﻧﺣن أﺻﮭﺎر ـ ھن ﺑﻧﺎت وﻧﺣن ﻧﺳﺎء ـ ھن ﻣﻌﺑودات وأﻧﺗن ﻣﻠﻛﺎت ـ ھم ﺑﻧون وھﻰ‬
‫ﻋروس ـ اﻧﺗﻣﺎ ﻋرﯾﺳﺗﺎن و ﻧﺣن ﺳﯾدﺗﺎن ـ ﻧﺣن ﺣﻔﯾدﺗﺎن ـ ھﻰ ام وھﻰ اﺧت ـ اﻧت ﺣﻔﯾدة واﻧﺎ ﺣﻣﺎة ـ اﻧت ﺑﻧت وﻧﺣن‬
‫وﻟدان ـ ھن ﺑﻧﺎت واﻧﺗن أﺧوات ـ ھم اﻋﻣﺎم وﻧﺣن ﺧﺎﻻت ـ ھو ﻗرﯾب واﻧت ﺧﻠﯾل ـ ھو ﺣﻣو وھﻰ ﻛﺗﺔ ـ اﻧﺗﻣﺎ ﺳﯾدﺗﺎن‬
‫وھم ﺳﯾدون ـ‬
3)evsjv I Aviwe Ki:
They two are girls. You are girls. They are boys. You are students. We are cousins. You
two are parents. They two are couple. They are brothers and sisters. We are uncle and
nephew.
15k cvV
‫واﺣد‬ ‫ﻣﻌﻨﻰ‬ English ‫ﺟﻣﻊ‬ ‫واﺣد‬ ‫ﻣﻌﻨﻰ‬ English ‫ﺟﻣﻊ‬
‫ﻣﺪرﺳﺔ‬ cvVkvjv school ‫ﻣدارس‬ ‫ ﺷﺒﺎك‬Rvbvjv window ‫ﺷﺒﺎﺑﯿﻚ‬
‫ﺻﻒ‬ ‡kÖwY class ‫ﺻﻔوف‬ ‫ﺑﺎﺑﺔ‬ ‡MBU gate ‫ﺑﺎﺑﺎت‬
‫ﻓﺼﻞ‬ kvLv section ‫ﻓﺻول‬ ‫ﺻﺤﻦ‬ DVvb yard ‫ﺻﺤﻮن‬
‫ﻋﻣﺎرة‬ wewìs building ‫ﻋﻣﺎﺋر‬ ‫رﺣﺒﺔ‬ cÖv½b premise ‫ رﺣﺎب‬/‫رﺣﺒﺎت‬/‫رﺣﺐ‬
‫ﺳﻜﻦ‬ QvÎvevm Hostel ‫ﺳﻛﻧﺎت‬ ‫ﻣﻜﺘﺒﺔ‬ jvB‡eªix library ‫ ﻣﻜﺎﺗﺐ‬/‫ﻣﻜﺘﺒﺎت‬
‫ﻣﮭﺠﻊ‬ QvÎvevm Hostel ‫ﻣﮭﺎﺟﻊ‬ ‫ دوﻻب‬Avjwgiv almirah ‫دواﻟﯿﺐ‬
‫ﺟﺪار‬ ‡`qvj wall ‫ﺟدران‬ ‫ﻣﻔﺘﺎح‬ Pvwe key ‫ﻣﻔﺎﺗﯿﺢ‬
‫ﺣﺎﺋﻂ‬ `wR© tailor ‫ﺣﯾطﺎن‬ ‫ﻗﻔل‬ Zvjv lock ‫أﻗﻔﺎل‬
‫ﺳﻮى‬ wmgvbv boundary ‫أﺳواء‬ ‫ﻛﺮﺳﻰ‬ ‡Pqvi chair ‫ﻛﺮاﺳﻰ‬
‫ﺑﺎب‬ `iRv door ‫اﺑواب‬ ‫ﺑﺪر‬ c~wY©gv Pvu` Full moon ‫ﺑﺪور‬
‫طﺎوﻟﺔ‬ ‡Uwej table ‫طﺎوﻻت‬ ‫ﺟ ّﻮ‬ AvKvk sky ‫ﺟﻮاء‬/‫أﺟﻮء‬
‫ﺷﻤﺲ‬ m~h© sun ‫ﺷﻤﻮس‬ ‫دار‬ evox home ‫دور‬/‫دﯾﻮر‬
‫ﻗﻤﺮ‬ P›`ª moon ‫أﻗﻤﺎر‬ ‫ﺑﯿﺖ‬ Ni house ‫ﺑﯿﻮت‬
‫ﻛﻮﻛﺐ‬ bÿÎ star ‫ﻛﻮاﻛﺐ‬ ‫ﺳﻤﺎء‬ AvKvk sky ‫ﺳﻣﺎوات‬
‫ھﻼل‬ bZzb Pvu` crescent ‫أھﻠﺔ‬
16k cvV
‫ﺑﻌض ﺣروف اﻟﺟر‬
‫ ﻓﻰ‬g‡a¨ ‫ إﻟﻰ‬w`‡K, ch©šÍ, ‫ ﻋﻠﻰ‬Dc‡i, ‫ ﻟﻰ‬Rb¨, ‫ ﻣن‬nB‡Z, ‫ ﻋن‬nB‡Z, ‫ ﻣﻊ‬mv‡_|
1) GKwU Mv‡Qi Dci/‡Kvb GKwU Mv‡Qi ‫ﻓﻮق ﺷﺠﺮة‬
on a tree
Dci/†Kvb Mv‡Qi Dci ‫ﻋﻠﻰ ﺷﺠﺮة‬
in the class
2) †kÖwYi g‡a¨/‡kÖwYwUi g‡a¨ ‫ﻓﻰ اﻟﺼﻒ‬
in the class
3) AvKv‡ki g‡a¨ ‫ﻓﻰ اﻟﺴﻤﺎء‬ in the sky
4) evoxi Rb¨ ‫ﻟﻠﺪار‬ for home
5) GK MvQ n‡Z Ab¨ Mv‡Q/ ‫ﻣﻦ ﺷﺠﺮة اﻟﻰ ﺷﺠﺮة‬ from one tree to another tree
 24

GK MvQ n‡Z Ab¨ MvQ ch©šÍ from one tree to another tree
6) gv`ivmvi w`‡K ‫اﻟﻰ اﻟﻤﺪرﺳﺔ‬ to madrasah
‫ﻓﻮق اﻟﺸﺠﺮة‬
7) Mv‡Qi Dci/MvQwUi Dci on the tree
‫ﻋﻠﻰ اﻟﺸﺠﺮة‬
8) evRvi n‡Z ‫ﻣﻦ اﻟﺴﻮق‬ from market
9) evox n‡Z ‫ﻣﻦ اﻟﺒﯿﺖ‬ from home
10) evRvi ch©šÍ ‫اﻟﻰ اﻟﺴﻮق‬ to market
11) †Uwe‡ji Dci ‫ﻋﻠﻰ اﻟﻄﺎوﻟﺔ‬ on the table
12) evoxi g‡a¨/ evox‡Z ‫ﻓﻰ اﻟﺒﯿﺖ‬ at home, inside the house
13) Rvbvjvi g‡a¨/ Rvbvjvq ‫ﻓﻰ اﻟﺸﺒﺎك‬ inside the window
Rules of Using Prepositions
1) Place Gi †¶‡Î: e„nr †¶‡Î (MÖn, DcMÖn, gnv‡`k, ‡`k, kni) in e‡m| kni †_‡K AviI †QvU ¯’v‡bi †¶‡Î at e‡m| Exmpl: We
live in Bangladesh. Oh no, I left my mobile at home.
mgq Gi †¶‡Î: G‡¶‡Î e„nr mg‡q †¶‡Î (kZãx †_‡K mßvn) in, Gi †P‡q †QvU n‡j on Ges ¶z`ª mgq †¶‡Î at
in → century, year, month, fortnight, week
on → day, date
at → 5 a.m.
Example: There are 31 days in May.Shamol will come on Thursday. We left at 2 o'clock.
Note: Dawn, sunrise, morning, noon, midday, afternoon, evening, dusk, twilight, nightfall,
sunset, midnight, daybreak cÖf…wZi Av‡M at e¨envi Ki‡j G‡`i Av‡M the e‡m bv wKš‘ in e¨envi Ki‡j G‡`i Av‡M
the e‡m| I got up at morning. (in the morning) I eat my meals at noon. (in the noon)
2) †Kv‡bv wbw`©ó cwimxgvi g‡a¨ Ae¯’vb †evSv‡j A_©vr w¯’wZkxjZv †evSv‡j in, †Kv‡bv w`‡K MwZkxj I Ae¯’vi cwieZ©b †evSv‡j
into e‡m| He is in the room.I saw him in the car.He came into the room.
3) †Kv‡bv wbw`©ó mgqKv‡ji †kl w`‡K †Kv‡bv KvR NU‡e Giƒc †evSv‡j A_©vr fwel¨r e¨vcK mg‡qi Av‡M in Ges H mg‡qi g‡a¨ †Kv‡bv KvR
NU‡e Giƒc †evSv‡j within e¨en„Z nq|He will come in a week.He will come within a week.
4) KvR †h †jvK (agent) Øviv N‡U Zvi bv‡gi Av‡M by e‡m Ges †h hš¿ ev DcKiY (instrument) Øviv KvRwU Kiv nq
Zvi bv‡gi Av‡M with e‡m|
The snake was killed by the boy with a stick. A boat was tied by a boatman with a rope.
5) `yB‡qi g‡a¨ †Kv‡bv KvR †evSv‡j between e‡m| Avi `yB‡qi AwaK e¨w³ ev e¯‘ †evSv‡j among e‡m|
Distribute the fruits between Rahim and Karim. Distribute the fruits among the four brothers.
6) †Kv‡bv wRwbm †fZ‡i Av‡Q ev NU‡Q Giƒc †evSv‡Z in ev inside e¨en„Z nq|
He is sleeping inside the room. There is a snake in that basket.
7) †Kv‡bv KvR wbw`©ó ¯’v‡bi evB‡i NU‡Q Giƒc †evSv‡j outside e¨en„Z nq|
He saw a snake outside the room.
8) †Kv‡bv Z‡ji Ici †_‡K †Kv‡bv KvR H Z‡ji evB‡i wM‡q NU‡Q Giƒc †evSv‡j off e¨en„Z nq|
Keep the pot off the table.
9) †Kv‡bv wKQyi/wel‡qi Ici w`‡q (¯úk© bv K‡i) wKQy NU‡j/†M‡j Giƒc †evSv‡j over e¨en„Z nq|
The bird flew over the house.
10) †Kv‡bv ¯’v‡bi `~i‡Z¡i mv‡_ Zvj wgwj‡q avivevwnKfv‡e GKwU KvR NU‡e Giƒc †evSv‡j along e¨en„Z nq|
I walked along the river side.
11) DcwiZ‡ji ms¯ú‡k© A‡_© 'on' nq| †hgb: Put the book on the table.
G‡¶‡Î book I table GKwU Ab¨wU‡K ¯úk© K‡i Av‡Q| ¯úk© bv K‡i Dc‡i i‡q‡Q Ggb †evSv‡Z 'over' nq| †hgb:
The birds are flying over my head. GLv‡b birds I head †KD KvD‡KB ¯úk© K‡iwb|
A‡c¶vK…Z A‡bK Dc‡i †evSv‡Z above nq| †hgb: The cloud is above us.
 25

Fill in the gaps with suitable preposition:

1) The man lives...Savar. 16) Her birthday falls....5th May.
2) Mithu gets up... 6 am. 17) He returns home....evening.
3) The man killed the snake....a stick 18) We cannot pass a day....newspaper.
4) The fan is moving....the head. 19) What class are you....?
5) The man is sitting....the bench. 20) Don't play....noon.
6) The boys quarreled....themselves. 21) Divide the mango.....Karim and Rahim.
7) His house is one mile....here. 22) Rice sells....tk 30 per kg.
8) The glass is...the table 23) g) Don't laugh....the poor.
9) The man entered....the room. 24) I pulled him....the ear.
10) My uncle is not....home. 25) Our exam will be held....December.
11) I will return in....hour. 26) He went to Khulna....boat.
12) Rasel is walking.....the door. 27) The students are....the room.
13) The sky is....our head. 28) We play football....the afternoon.
14) Father will come....Friday. 29) The story is written....the children.
15) Distribute the book....the students. 30) Wash your hand....meal.
12k Abykxjbx
1) Aviwe I Bs‡iwR Ki:
‡Pqv‡ii Dci, †Pqv‡i, AvKv‡ki Dci, KjgwUi Rb¨, gv`ivmvi Dci, gv`ivmvi g‡a¨, N‡i, Rvbvjvi g‡a¨, m~‡h©i
w`‡K, evRvi ch©šÍ, `iRvi mv‡_, QvÎvev‡mi g‡a¨, P›`ª n‡Z, Avjwgivi Dci, kix‡ii g‡a¨, †c‡Ui g‡a¨, wewìs
Gi Dci, Kv‡Vi Dci, iwn‡gi Rb¨, MiæwUi Rb¨, GK gv`ivmv n‡Z GK gv`ivmv ch©šÍ, GK †Pqvi n‡Z Ab¨ †Pqvi
ch©šÍ, GK iv¯Ív n‡Z Ab¨ iv¯Ív ch©šÍ, GK ¯’vb n‡Z Ab¨¯’vb ch©šÍ|
2) evsjv Ki:
‫ﻓوق اﻻرض ـ إﻟﻰ ﻣﻛﺔ اﻟﻣﻛرﻣﺔ ـ ﻣن اﻟﻣدﯾﻧﺔ اﻟﻣﻧورة ـ ﻣن اﻟﺑﯾت ـ ﻓﻰ اﻟﻐرﻓﺔ ـ ﻋﻠﻰ اﻟﺳﻣﺎء ـ ﻣن ﻛوﻛﺳﺑﺎزار اﻟﻰ‬
‫ﺷﯾﺗﺎﻏوﻧﻎ ـ ﻣن اﻟﻣﮭد إﻟﻰ اﻟﻠﺣد ـ ﻣن اﻟﺻﺣن إﻟﻰ اﻟﻣدرﺳﺔ ـ ﻣﻊ زﯾد ﻣﻊ اﻟواﻟد ـ ﻟﻛرﯾم ـ ﻣن ﺷﻣس إﻟﻰ ﻗﻣر ـ ﻓﻰ اﻟدار‬
‫ـ ﻟزﯾد وﺧﺎﻟد ـ ﻣن ﻣﮭﺟﻊ إﻟﻰ اﻟﻣﮭﺟﻊ ـ إﻟﻰ ﺳﻛن ﻣﻊ اﻟﺣﺎﺋط ـ ﻓﻰ اﻟﻣﻔﺗﺎح ـ ﻓﻰ اﻟﻣﻛﺗﺑﺔ ـ ﻣﻊ اﻟدوﻻت ـ ﻣن رﺣﺑﺔ إﻟﻰ‬
‫اﻟدار ـ ﻋن اﻟﻌﺟﺎﺋر واﻟﺟدران ـ ﻋﻧد اﻟﺑﺎﺑﺎت ـ اﻟﻛراﺳﻰ او اﻟطﺎوﻻت ـ ﻋﻠﻰ اﻟﺣﺎﺋط ﺷﺑﺎﺑﯾك واﻗﻔﺎل ـ اﻟﺷﻣﺳﺎن واﻻﻗﻣﺎر‬
3)evsjv I Aviwe Ki:
In the morning, at home, at night, on the table, for three days, with a knife, from Cox’s Bazar
to Dhaka, about this matter, before the judge, after lunch, under the table, against him, by road,
on Saturday, in summer, at dinner
17k cvV
Avwg evwo‡Z /Avwg evwo‡Z AvwQ ‫أﻧﺎ ﻓﻰ اﻟﺒﯿﺖ‬ I am (at) home.
Zviv gv`ivmvq Av‡Q / Zviv gv`ivmvq ‫ھﻢ ﻓﻰ اﻟﻤﺪرﺳﺔ‬ They are in madrasah.
‡Uwe‡ji Dci Av‡Q/ ‡Uwe‡ji Dci ‫ﻋﻠﻰ اﻟﻄﺎوﻟﺔ‬ On the table
GK Rvbvjv n‡Z Ab¨ Rvbvjv ch©šÍ ‫ﻣﻦ ﺷﺒﺎك إﻟﻰ ﺷﺒﺎك‬ from one window to another
GK †Uwej n‡Z Ab¨ †Uwej ch©šÍ ‫ﻣﻦ طﺎوﻟﺔ إﻟﻰ طﺎوﻟﺔ‬ from one table to another
Zzwg AvKv‡ki Dci /Zzwg AvKv‡ki Dci AvQ ‫أﻧﺖ ﻋﻠﻰ اﻟﺴﻤﺎء‬ You are in the sky.
N‡ii g‡a¨ Av‡Q /N‡ii g‡a¨ /N‡i ‫ﻓﻰ اﻟﺒﯿﺖ‬ inside the house
Rvbvjv n‡Z Rvbvjv ch©šÍ ‫ﻣﻦ ﺷﺒﺎك اﻟﻰ ﺷﺒﺎك‬ at home
13k Abykxjbx
1) Aviwe Ki
Zviv Mv‡Qi Dci Av‡Q| iwng evox‡Z Av‡Q| Avgiv evMv‡b AvwQ| N‡ii g‡a¨ A‡bK ev A‡bK¸wj †jvK Av‡Q|
†Zvgiv jvB‡eªix‡Z AvQ| Zviv QvÎvev‡m Av‡Q| Avgiv evRv‡ii g‡a¨ AvwQ| Zviv `yÕRb †Uwe‡ji Dci Av‡Q| m~h©
n‡Z P›`ª ch©šÍ| evox n‡Z evRvi ch©šÍ| gv`ivmv n‡Z gmwR` ch©šÍ| N‡i A‡bK Avjgvwi Av‡Q| gv`ivmvq A‡bK
 26

†Uwej Av‡Q| AvKv‡k P›`ª Av‡Q| AvKv‡k GKwU P›`ª Av‡Q| †MB‡U A‡bK †jvK Av‡Q| evox‡Z A‡bK ¯¿x‡jvK
Av‡Q| gv`ivmvq hv‡q` iwng I Kwig Av‡Q| `iRvi Dci cy¯ÍK Av‡Q| Zv‡Ki Dci A‡bK cy¯ÍK Av‡Q|
2) evsjv Ki
‫ﻧﺣن ﻓﻰ اﻟﻣدرﺳﺔ ـ زﯾد و ﻛرﯾم ﻓﻰ اﻟﺑﯾت ـ ھﻣﺎ ﻋﻠﻰ اﻟﺷﺟرة ـ اﻧﺗم ﻣن اﻟﺑﯾت ـ ھم ﻣن اﻟدار إﻟﻰ اﻟﻣﺳﺟد ـ ھن ﻓﻰ‬
‫اﻟﺑﯾوت ـ ﻛرﯾم ﻓوق اﻟﺳﻣﺎء ـ اﻧﺗن ﻣﻊ ﺧﺎﻟد وﻋﻣرو ـ اﻧﺎ ﻣﻊ زﯾد وﺧﺎﻟد ـ ﻧﺣن ﻓﻰ اﻟﺳوق ـ ھن ﻣن اﻟﺳوق ـ اﻧت م‬
‫اﻷب ـ ھو ﻋﻠﻰ اﻟﺷﺟرة ـ اﻟوﻟد ﻓﻰ اﻟﻣدرﺳﺔ ـ اﻟﺑﻧت ﻓﻰ اﻟﺻﺣن ـ ﻣن اﻷب إﻟﻰ اﻻﺑن ـ ﻣن اﻻخ إﻟﻰ اﻻﺧت ـ إﻟﻰ‬
‫اﻟدار ـ ﻣن اﻟﻣﺳﺟد ـ‬
3) Aviwe Ki
Kwig evox‡Z Ges iwng gv`ivmvq Av‡Q| eÜzMY evox‡Z Av‡Q| eB `yBwU ev Kjg `yBwU †Uwe‡j Av‡Q| Avgiv Kx
eÜz? n¨uv Avgiv eÜz| Zviv evox‡Z Av‡Q Ges Avgiv gmwR‡` AvwQ| Zviv evB‡i A_ev wfZ‡i Av‡Q| Kjg¸wj
Zv‡Ki Dci Av‡Q| †cuPv¸wj Mv‡Qi Dc‡i Av‡Q| Zviv fMœx Ges †Zvgiv eÜz| k„Mvj¸wj cvnv‡o Av‡Q| gq~i Mv‡Qi
Dci Ges KuvK Mv‡Qi wb‡P Av‡Q| Kwig Ges iwng fvB| Kwig I Kwigv wcZvgvZv| iwng I iwngv fvB‡evb|
4) evsjv Ki
‫ﻧﺣن ﻓﻰ اﻟﺑﯾت وھم ﻓﻰ اﻟﻣدرﺳﺔ ـ اﻧﺗم ﻓﻰ اﻟﻣدرﺳﺔ ـ ﻧﺣن ﻓﻰ اﻟﺑﯾت واﻧﺗن ﻓﻰ اﻟﺻﺣن ـ ھم ﻋﻠﻰ اﻟﺷﺟرة ـ أﻧﺎ وھو‬
‫ﻋﻠﻰ اﻟﺷﺟرة ـ ھون ﺧﺎﻟد واﻧت رﺣﯾم ـ ﻧﺣن ﻓﻰ اﻟﺻﺣن ھم ﻋﻠﻰ اﻟﺷﺟرة ـ اﻧت ﻓﻰ اﻟﺳﻣﺎء ـ ﻧﺣن ﻓﻰ اﻟﻔﺻول ـ ھم‬
‫ﻋﻠﻰ اﻟﺟدار ـ ﻧﺣن ﻓﻰ اﻟﻣﻛﺗﺑﺎت ـ ھو ﻓﻰ اﻟﺣﺎﺋط ـ ھﻰ ﻓﻰ اﻟﻣﻛﺗﺑﺔ ـ زﯾد ورﺣﯾم ﻓﻰ اﻟﻔﺻل ـ ھم ﻓﻰ اﻟﻣدارس وﻧﺣن‬
‫ﻓﻰ اﻟﺑﯾت ـ اﻟﮭﻼل ﻓﻰ اﻟﺳﻣﺎء ـ ﻛرﯾم ﻋﻧد اﻟﺑﯾت ـ اﻟدﻓﺗر ﻓﻰ اﻟﻣﻛﺗﺑﺔ ـ‬
3)evsjv I Aviwe Ki:
He lives at Shahbagh. He speaks in English. He put the watch on the table. The house is made
of stone. There is a letter for you. I bought this book for 20 taka. It is 6 am by my watch. He is
living with his aunt. He is suffering from headache. The meeting will start at 5 pm. My
grandfather died at 60. I am in a great danger.
18k cvV
‫ﺧﺎرج‬ evwni Outside
‫ﻓﻰ اﻟﺨﺎرج‬ evwn‡i Outside
‫ﻣﻦ ؟‬ ‡K? Who
‫ﻣﺘﻰ ـ أﯾﺎن ـ‬ KLb? When
‫ﻛﯿﻒ‬ ‡Kgb? How
‫ﻣﺎ ـ ﻣﺎذا‬ wK? What
‫ھﻞ ـ أ ؟‬ wK? What
‫أى ﺷﺊ‬ ‡Kvb wRwbm Which thing
‫ﻟﻤﻦ‬ Kvi? Whose
‫ﻧﻌﻢ‬ n¨uv Yes
‫داﺧﻞ‬ wfZi Inside
‫ﻓﻰ اﻟﺪاﺧﻞ‬ wfZ‡i Inside
‫أﯾﻦ ؟‬ ‡Kv_vq? Where
‫أﻧﻰ‬ ‡Kv_vq? Where
‫ﻛﻢ‬ KZ? How many/How much
‫ﻟﻢ ـ ﻟﻤﺎذا‬ ‡Kb? Why
‫اى ؟‬ wK? What
‫اﯾﺔ‬ Kx? What
‫ﺣﺎﻟﻚ‬ ‡Zvgvi Kx n‡q‡Q? What happened to you?
‫ﻣﻦ اﻧﺖ ـ ﻣﻦ اﻧﺖ‬ Zzwg †K? Who are you?
‫ﻣﻦ اﻧﺘﻦ ـ ﻣﻦ اﻧﺘﻢ‬ ‡Zvgiv †K? Who are you?
‫ﻣﻦ أﯾﻦ اﻧﺘﻢ‬ ‡Zvgiv †Kv_v n‡Z? Where are you from?
 27

‫ﻣﻦ أﯾﻦ؟‬ ‡Kv_v n‡Z? Where from?

‫ﻣﻦ ھﻢ‬ Zviv †K/ Kviv? Who are they?
‫ﻛﯿﻒ اﻧﺖ‬ Zzwg †Kgb AvQ? ? Who are they?
‫ﻛﯿﻒ أﻧﺖ‬ Avcwb †Kgb Av‡Qb? How are you?
‫ﻣﻦ ھﻨﺎك‬ ‡mLv‡b †K? Who is there?
‫ھﻞ أﻧﺖ ﻓﻰ اﻟﺪاﺧﻞ‬ Zzwg Kx wfZ‡i AvQ? Zzwg wK wfZ‡i? Are you inside?
‫ھﻞ ھﻮ ﻓﻰ اﻟﺨﺎرج‬ ‡m wK evwn‡i? Is he outside?
WH-Questions
‡h me word w`‡q e¨w³ ev e¯‘ m¤ú©‡K †Kvb wKQz Rvb‡Z PvIqv nq Zv‡K WH questions ejv nq| Who,
whom, whose, what, which, when, where, how, why are WH questions.
Who : i) (‡K/Kviv) Who is he? Who are they?
ii) (Kv‡K) Who (whom) do you want?
Note : AvaywbK Bs‡iwR‡Z object wn‡m‡e whom Gi cwie‡Z© who cÖvqB e¨en„Z menq|
Whom : (Kv‡K) : Whom do you want?
Which : A‡bK¸‡jvi ga¨ †_‡K GKwU ev GKvwaK msL¨K †e‡Q †bqv †evSv‡Z which e¨en„Z nq|
Which pen do you want? (Kjg¸‡jvi †KvbwU Zzwg PvI?)
Whose : (Kvi): Whose pen do you want?
What : i) e¯‘i †ejvq (Kx)What will you eat?
ii) †ckvi †¶‡Î: What is he? (wZwb Kx K‡ib? ev Zvi †ckv Kx?)
Note: Who is he? (Zvi cwiPq Kx? wZwb †K?)
What is he? (Zvi †ckv Kx?)
Which is he? (†m †Kvb Rb?)
Where : (†Kv_vq) Where is your father now?
How : (†Kgb/wKfv‡e) How is your mother?
Why : (†Kb) Why are you so angry?
When : (KLb) When is your flight?
14k Abykxjbx:
1) Aviwe I Bs‡iwR Ki:
‡Zvgiv †K? Avgiv iwng, Kwig I Lv‡j`| Zviv Kx evwn‡i? n¨vu, Zviv evwn‡i| †Zvgiv †Kv_v n‡Z? Avgiv gmwR`
n‡Z| Zviv †Kgb Av‡Q? Zviv Kx evB‡i? Zviv Kx evB‡i Av‡Q? n¨vu Zviv evB‡i Av‡Q| Avgiv N‡i AvwQ| †Zvgiv
†Kv_v n‡Z? Avgiv evRvi n‡Z| Zzwg wK Kwig? n¨uv, Avwg Kwig| †Zvgiv †Kgb AvQ? Avgiv fvj AvwQ| cy¯ÍKwU
Kvi? †Zvgiv †K? Avgiv iwngv, Lv‡j`v I Rv‡n`v| †Zvgiv (¯¿x) †Kv_v n‡Z? Avgiv gv`ivmv I gmwR` n‡Z|
†mLv‡b †K Av‡Q? †mLv‡b iwdK I kwdK Av‡Q| †Zvgiv †K? Avgiv evÜex| hv‡q` I kv‡n` †Kv_vq? Zviv `yBRb
gmwR‡`| †Zvgiv `yBRb †K? Avgiv `yBRb kwdK I mv‡R`v| evB‡i †K? evB‡i iwng I Lv‡j`| †Zvgiv wK wfZ‡i
AvQ? nu¨v Avgiv wfZ‡i AvwQ| ‡Zvgiv wK N‡i AvQ? n¨uv Avgiv N‡i AvwQ| Bnv Kx?Bnv GKwU cy¯ÍK| Kwig I
Lv‡j` †Kv_vq? GLv‡b Kwig Av‡Q| †mLv‡b †K Av‡Q? †mLv‡b A‡bK¸wj ¯¿x‡jvK Av‡Q| Kb¨vwU ¯‹z‡j Av‡Q| evjK
`yBwU jvB‡eªix‡Z Av‡Q| Zviv Kx igbx? n¨uv Zviv igYx| †Zvgiv Kx 2wU cyiæl| n¨uv Avgiv 2wU cyiæl| cy¯ÍK ¸wj
†Kv_vq? cy¯ÍK¸wj Zv‡Ki Dc‡i| †Pqv‡ii Dci A‡bK¸wj Pvwe Av‡Q| iwng †K? Kwi‡gi wK n‡q‡Q? †Kvb KjgwU?
GB KjgwU|
2) evsjv Ki:
‫أﯾن اﻟﺑﯾت؟ ﻧﺣن ﻓﻰ اﻟﻣدرﺳﺔ ـ ھن ﻓﻰ اﻟداﺧل ـ ﻧﺣن إﺧوان ـ ھو رﺳول ـ ھل ھم إﺧوة ؟ اﻟزوﺟﺎت ﻓﻰ اﻟﻣﺳﺟد ـ اﻧﺗن‬
‫اﺧوات ـ ﻣن ھم ؟ ھم أﺑﻧﺎء ـ ﻣن ھو؟ ھو ﻛرﯾم ـ ﻣن أﯾن اﻧﺗن ؟ ﻧﺣن ﻓﻰ اﻟﻣﺳﺟد ـ ﻣن ھﻧﺎك؟ ھﻧﺎك زﯾد و ﻛرﯾم ـ ﻣن‬
‫ﻓﻰ اﻟدار ؟ ﻋﻣرو ﻓﻰ اﻟدار ـ اﻟﻛﺗب ﻋﻠﻰ اﻟطﺎوﻟﺔ ـ اﻟرﺟﺎل ﻋﻠﻰ اﻟﻛرﺳﻰ ـ ﻣن ﻏرﻓﺔ اﻟﻰ ﻏرﻓﺔ ـ ﻣن اﻟطرﯾق اﻟﻰ‬
‫اﻟﻣﺳﺟد ـ ﻛﯾف اﻧﺗن ؟‬
 28

3)evsjv I Aviwe Ki:

What is your uncle? Who is he? Whose book is this? Which is your brother? What do you
want? Where are you from? When is your flight? How are you now? Whom did you see
on the way? Where is your note book? Who is outside?
‫( ﺿﻣﺎﺋر اﻻﺿﺎﻓﺔ‬m¤^Üm~PK me©bvg Possessive Case)
‫ﺟﻤﻊ‬ ‫ﺗﺜﻨﯿﺔ‬ ‫واﺣﺪ‬ ‫ﺟﻨﺲ ﺷﺨﺺ‬
‫ھﻢ‬ ‫ھﻤﺎ‬ ‫ه‬ ‫ﻣﺬﻛﺮ ﻏﺎﺋﺐ‬
‫ھﻦ‬ ‫ھﻤﺎ‬ ‫ھﺎ‬ ‫ﻣﺆﻧﺚ ﻏﺎﺋﺐ‬
‫ﻛﻢ‬ ‫ﻛﻤﺎ‬ ‫ك‬ ‫ﻣﺬﻛﺮ ﺣﺎﺿﺮ‬
‫ﻛﻦ‬ ‫ﻛﻤﺎ‬ ‫ِك‬ ‫ﻣﺆﻧﺚ ﺣﺎﺿﺮ‬
‫ﻧﺎ‬ ‫ﻧﺎ‬ ‫ى‬ ‫ﻣﺬﻛﺮ و ﻣﺆﻧﺚ ﻣﺘﻜﻠﻢ‬
‫ﺿﻤﺎﺋﺮ اﻹﺿﺎﻓﺔ‬
‫ه‬ ‫ﺿﻤﺎﺋﺮ اﻹﺿﺎﻓﺔ‬ Gi ‫واﺣﺪ ﻣﺬﻛﺮ ﻏﺎﺋﺐ‬ Zvi (1Rb cyiæl)
‫ھﺎ‬ ‫ﺿﻤﺎﺋﺮ اﻹﺿﺎﻓﺔ‬ Gi ‫ﺗﺜﻨﯿﺔ ﻣﺬﻛﺮ ﻏﺎﺋﺐ‬ Zv‡`i (2Rb cyiæl)
‫ھﻢ‬ ‫ﺿﻤﺎﺋﺮ اﻹﺿﺎﻓﺔ‬ Gi ‫ﺟﻤﻊ ﻣﺬﻛﺮ ﻏﺎﺋﺐ‬ Zv‡`i (A‡bK¸wj cyiæl)
‫ھﺎ‬ ‫ﺿﻤﺎﺋﺮ اﻹﺿﺎﻓﺔ‬ Gi ‫واﺣﺪ ﻣﺆﻧﺚ ﻏﺎﺋﺐ‬ Zvi (1Rb ¯¿x)
‫ھﻤﺎ‬ ‫ﺿﻤﺎﺋﺮ اﻹﺿﺎﻓﺔ‬ Gi ‫ﺗﺜﻨﯿﺔ ﻣﺆﻧﺚ ﻏﺎﺋﺐ‬ Zv‡`i (2Rb ¯¿x)
‫ھﻦ‬ ‫ﺿﻤﺎﺋﺮ اﻹﺿﺎﻓﺔ‬ Gi ‫ﺣﻤﻊ ﻣﺆﻧﺚ ﻏﺎﺋﺐ‬ Zv‡`i (A‡bK¸wj ¯¿x)
‫ك‬ ‫ﺿﻤﺎﺋﺮ اﻹﺿﺎﻓﺔ‬ Gi ‫واﺣﺪ ﻣﺬﻛﺮ ﺣﺎﺿﺮ‬ ‡Zvgvi (1Rb cyiæl)
‫ﻛﻤﺎ‬ ‫ﺿﻤﺎﺋﺮ اﻹﺿﺎﻓﺔ‬ Gi ‫ﺗﺜﻨﯿﺔ ﻣﺬﻛﺮ ﺣﺎﺿﺮ‬ ‡Zvgv‡`i (2Rb cyiæl)
‫ﻛﻢ‬ ‫ﺿﻤﺎﺋﺮ اﻹﺿﺎﻓﺔ‬ Gi ‫ﺣﻤﻊ ﻣﺬﻛﺮ ﺣﺎﺿﺮ‬ ‡Zvgv‡`i (A‡bK¸wj cyiæl)
‫ِك‬ ‫ﺿﻤﺎﺋﺮ اﻹﺿﺎﻓﺔ‬ Gi ‫واﺣﺪ ﻣﺆﻧﺚ ﺣﺎﺿﺮ‬ ‡Zvgvi (1Rb ¯¿x)
‫ﻛﻤﺎ‬ ‫ﺿﻤﺎﺋﺮ اﻹﺿﺎﻓﺔ‬ Gi ‫ﺗﺜﻨﯿﺔ ﻣﺆﻧﺚ ﺣﺎﺿﺮ‬ ‡Zvgv‡`i (2Rb ¯¿x)
‫ﻛﻦ‬ ‫ﺿﻤﺎﺋﺮ اﻹﺿﺎﻓﺔ‬ Gi ‫ﺟﻤﻊ ﻣﺆﻧﺚ ﺣﺎﺿﺮ‬ ‡Zvgv‡`i (A‡bK¸wj ¯¿x)
‫ى‬ ‫ﺿﻤﺎﺋﺮ اﻹﺿﺎﻓﺔ‬ Gi ‫واﺣﺪ ﻣﺬﻛﺮ و ﻣﺆﻧﺚ ﻣﺘﻜﻠﻢ‬ Avgvi (1Rb cy: ev ¯¿x)
‫ﻧﺎ‬ ‫ﺿﻤﺎﺋﺮ اﻹﺿﺎﻓﺔ‬ Gi ‫ﺗﺜﻨﯿﺔ و ﺟﻤﻊ ﻣﺬﻛﺮ و ﻣﺆﻧﺚ ﻣﺘﻜﻠﻢ‬ Avgv‡`i (2Rb ev A‡bKcy:ev ¯¿x)

Zvi (1Rb cyiæl) ‫ه‬ Zv‡`i (cyiæl) ‫ھﻢ‬

Zvi (1Rb ¯¿x) ‫ھﺎ‬ Zv‡`i (¯¿x) ‫ھﻦ‬
Zv‡`i (2Rb cyiæl) ‫ھﺎ‬ Zv‡`i (A‡bK¸wj cyiæl) ‫ھﻢ‬
Zv‡`i (2Rb ¯¿x) ‫ھﻤﺎ‬ Zv‡`i (A‡bK¸wj ¯¿x) ‫ھﻦ‬
‡Zvgvi (1Rb cyiæl) ‫ك‬ ‡Zvgv‡`i (2Rb cyiæl) ‫ﻛﻤﺎ‬
‡Zvgvi (1Rb ¯¿x) ‫ِك‬ ‡Zvgv‡`i (2Rb ¯¿x) ‫ﻛﻤﺎ‬
‡Zvgv‡`i (A‡bK¸wj cyiæl) ‫ﻛﻢ‬ Avgvi (1Rb cy: ev ¯¿x) ‫ى‬
‡Zvgv‡`i (A‡bK¸wj ¯¿x) ‫ﻛﻦ‬ Avgv‡`i (2Rb cy:ev ¯¿x) ‫ﻧﺎ‬
Avgv‡`i (A‡bK¸wj cy:ev ¯¿x) ‫ﻧﺎ‬
Zvi ‫ھﺎ ـ ه‬ Zv‡`i 2Rb (cy: ev ¯¿x) ‫ھﻤﺎ‬
Zv‡`i ‫‡ ھﻦ ھﻢ‬Zvgv‡`i 2Rb (cy: ev ¯¿x) ‫ﻛﻤﺎ‬
‡Zvgvi ‫كَ ـ ِك‬ Avgvi ‫ى‬
‡Zvgv‡`i ‫ﻛﻦ ـ ﻛﻢ‬ Avgv‡`i ‫ﻧﺎ‬
 ‫‪29‬‬

‫اﻟﻣﻔردات‬
‫‪20k cvV‬‬
‫واﺣﺪ‬ ‫ﻣﻌﻨﻰ‬ ‫ﺟﻤﻊ‬ ‫‪English‬‬
‫ﻓﻘﺎر اﻟﻈﮭﺮ‪/‬ﺻﻠﺐ‬ ‫‪‡giæ`Û‬‬ ‫أﺻﻼب‬ ‫‪backbone‬‬
‫ﺻﺪر‬ ‫‪eyK, eÿ‬‬ ‫ﺻﺪرو‬ ‫‪chest‬‬
‫ﺛﺪى‬ ‫‪¯Íb‬‬ ‫اﺛﺪ‪ /‬ﺛﺪى‬ ‫‪breast‬‬
‫ﺟﻠﺪ‬ ‫‪Pvgov‬‬ ‫ﺟﻠﻮد‬ ‫‪skin‬‬
‫رﺳﻎ‬ ‫‪nv‡Zi Kâx‬‬ ‫أرﺳﻎ‪/‬أرﺳﺎغ‬ ‫‪wrist‬‬
‫ﻣﻌﺪة‬ ‫‪cvK¯’jx‬‬ ‫ﻣﻌﺪ‬ ‫‪stomach‬‬
‫ﺿﻠﻊ‬ ‫‪cvRi‬‬ ‫أﺿﻼع‬ ‫‪rib‬‬
‫ﻟﺤﯿﺔ‬ ‫‪`vwo‬‬ ‫ﻟﺤﻰ‬ ‫‪beard‬‬
‫ﻣﺮﻓﻖ‬ ‫‪KbyB‬‬ ‫ﻣﺮاﻓﻖ‬ ‫‪elbow‬‬
‫ﻛﻒ‬ ‫‪nv‡Zi Zvjy‬‬ ‫اﻛﻒ‬ ‫‪palm‬‬
‫ﺣﺎﺻﺮة‬ ‫‪‡Kvgi‬‬ ‫ﺣﻮاﺻﺮ‬ ‫‪waist‬‬
‫ﺳﺮة‬ ‫‪bvfx‬‬ ‫ﺳﺮات ـ ﺳﺮ‬ ‫‪nave‬‬
‫اﺑﻂ‬ ‫‪eMj‬‬ ‫أﺑﺎط‬ ‫‪armpit‬‬
‫ﻣﺦ‬ ‫‪gMR‬‬ ‫ﻣﺨﺔ ـ ﻣﺨﺎخ‬ ‫‪brain‬‬
‫ظﻔﺮ‬ ‫‪bL‬‬ ‫اظﻔﺎر‬ ‫‪nail‬‬
‫ﻋﻈﻢ‬ ‫‪nvwÇ‬‬ ‫ﻋﻈﺎم‬ ‫‪bone‬‬
‫دم‬ ‫‪i³‬‬ ‫دﻣﺎء‬ ‫‪blood‬‬
‫ﻗﻠﺐ‬ ‫‪AšÍi‬‬ ‫ﻗﻠﻮب‬ ‫‪heart‬‬
‫طﺤﺎل‬ ‫‪cøxnv‬‬ ‫أطﺤﻠﺔ ـ طﺤﻞ ـ طﺤﺎﻻت‬ ‫‪spleen‬‬
‫ﻛﺸﺢ‬ ‫‪Zj‡cU‬‬ ‫ﻛﺸﻮح‬ ‫‪abdomen‬‬
‫ﻣﺜﺎﺋﺔ‬ ‫‪gyÎvkq‬‬ ‫ﻣﺜﺎﻧﺎت‬ ‫‪bladder‬‬
‫دﺑﺮ‬ ‫‪¸n¨Øvi‬‬ ‫أدﺑﺎر‬ ‫‪anus‬‬
‫ﺧﺼﯿﺔ‬ ‫‪AÛKvl‬‬ ‫ﺧﺼﻰ‬
‫رﻛﺒﺔ‬ ‫‪nvUz‬‬ ‫رﻛﺎب ـ رﻛﺐ‬ ‫‪knee‬‬
‫ﺧﺎل‬ ‫‪wnj‬‬ ‫ﺧﯿﻼن‬ ‫‪heel‬‬
‫ﺷﺎرب‬ ‫‪‡Mvud‬‬ ‫ﺷﻮارب‬ ‫‪moustache‬‬
‫ﺟﺴﻢ‬ ‫‪kixi‬‬ ‫أﺟﺴﺎم‬ ‫‪body‬‬
‫ﺑﺪن‬ ‫‪kixi‬‬ ‫أﺑﺪان‬ ‫‪body‬‬
‫ﻋﻀﻮ‬ ‫½‪A‬‬ ‫أﻋﻀﺎء‬ ‫‪organs‬‬
‫ﺣﺎﺟﺐ‬ ‫‪MÖv‬‬ ‫ﺣﻮاﺟﺐ‬
‫ﺟﺒﮭﺔ‬ ‫‪Kcvj‬‬ ‫ﺟﺒﮭﺎت‬ ‫‪forehead‬‬
‫ﺟﻔﻦ‬ ‫‪‡Pv‡Li cvZv‬‬ ‫أﺟﻔﺎن‬ ‫‪eyelid‬‬
‫ﺧﯿﺸﻮم‬ ‫‪bv‡Ki‬‬ ‫‪wQ`ª‬‬ ‫ﺣﯿﺎﺷﯿﻢ‬ ‫‪nostril‬‬
‫ﺣﻠﻖ‬ ‫‪Mjv‬‬ ‫ﺣﻠﻮق‬ ‫‪throat‬‬
‫ﺷﻔﺔ‬ ‫‪‡VuvU‬‬ ‫ﺷﻔﺎه‬ ‫‪lip‬‬
‫ﺣﻠﻘﻮم‬ ‫‪Mjv‬‬ ‫أطﺤﻠﺔ ـ طﺤﻞ ـ طﺤﺎﻻت‬ ‫‪throat‬‬
 30

21k cvV
‫ ل‬Rb¨/ Av‡Q, ‫ ﻋﻧد‬wbKU/ Av‡Q|
Zvi Av‡Q ‫ﻟﮭﺎ ـ ﻟﮫ‬ He has
‡Zvgvi Av‡Q ‫ﻟ ِﻚ ـ ﻟﻚ‬ You have
Avgvi Av‡Q ‫ﻟﻰ‬ I have
Avgv‡`i (A‡bK¸wj cy: ev ¯¿x) Av‡Q ‫ﻟﻨﺎ‬ We have
Zv‡`i (A‡bK¸wj cy: ev ¯¿x) Av‡Q ‫ﻟﮭﻢ‬ They have
‡Zvgv‡`i (A‡bK¸wj cy: ev ¯¿x) Av‡Q ‫ﻟﻜﻢ‬ You have
‡Q‡jwUi Av‡Q ‫ﻟﻠﻮﻟﺪ‬ The boy has
Kwi‡gi Av‡Q ‫ﻟﻜﺮﯾﻢ‬ Karim has
iwn‡gi Av‡Q ‫ﻟﺮﺣﯿﻢ‬ Rahim has
fvB‡qi Av‡Q ‫ﻟﻼخ‬ Brother has
‡ev‡bi Av‡Q ‫ﻟﻼﺧﺖ‬ Sister has
iwd‡Ki 2wU Kjg Av‡Q ‫ﻟﺮﻓﯿﻖ ﻗﻠﻤﺎن‬ Rafik has two pens.
Zv‡`i 2 R‡bi Av‡Q ‫ﻟﮭﻤﺎ‬ They two have
‡Zvgv‡`i 2 R‡bi Av‡Q ‫ﻟﻜﻤﺎ‬ You two have
Avgv‡`i 2 R‡bi Av‡Q ‫ﻟﻨﺎ‬ We two have
Kb¨vwUi 2wU cy¯ÍK Av‡Q ‫ﻟﻠﺒﻨﺖ ﻛﺘﺎﺑﺎن‬ The daughter has two books.
Lv‡j‡`i Kcvj Av‡Q ‫ﻟﺨﺎﻟﺪ ﺟﺒﮭﺔ‬ Khaled has forehead.
Avgvi 2wU KbyB Av‡Q ‫ﻓﻰ ﻣﺮﻓﻘﺎن‬ I have two elbows.
‡Zvgvi GKwU bvfx Av‡Q ‫ﻟﻚ ﺳﺮة‬ You have navel.
nvwe‡ei A‡bK¸wj cy¯ÍK Av‡Q ‫ﻟﺤﺒﯿﺐ ﻛﺘﺐ‬ Habib has many books.
D‡jøL¨ †h Av‡Q k‡ãi A_© n‡”Q Aviwe ‫ ل‬wKš‘ gv‡S g‡a¨ Av‡Q k‡ãi A_© Aviwe‡Z †bqv nqbv| †hgb- Óhv‡q`
gv`ivmvq Av‡Q| D`vniY ÔAv‡QÕ k‡ãi †Kvb A_© Aviwe‡Z †bqv nqbv| wb‡¤œ K‡qKwU D`vniY †`qv nj:
hv‡q` gv`ivmvq Av‡Q- ‫زﯾد ﻓﻰ اﻟﻣدرﺳﺔ‬
Kwig ¯‹z‡j Av‡Q- ‫ﻛرﯾم ﻓﻰ اﻟﻣدرﺳﺔ‬
hv‡q` evwo‡Z Av‡Q- ‫زﯾد ﻓﻰ اﻟﺑﯾت‬
Avgvi Av‡Q I have
Avgv‡`i Av‡Q We have
‡Zvgvi Av‡Q You have
‡Zvgv‡`i Av‡Q You have
Zvi (cy:) Av‡Q He has
Zvi (¯¿x) Av‡Q She has
Zv‡`i Av‡Q They have
Kwi‡gi Av‡Q Karim has
15 k Abykxjbx
1) Aviwe I Bs‡iwR Ki:
†Zvgvi Av‡Q| kv‡n‡`i Av‡Q| wcZvi Av‡Q| kwd‡Ki Av‡Q| Kwe‡ii Av‡Q| Zvi GKwU Kjg Av‡Q| Avgvi GKRb
eÜz Av‡Q| Zvi GKwU †Q‡j Av‡Q| †Zvgvi GKwU Mjv Av‡Q| nv Avgvi GKRb eÜz Av‡Q| Kwi‡gi `yBwU Avg Av‡Q|
kvwn‡`i A‡bK cy¯ÍK Av‡Q| gv`ivmvq A‡bK QvÎ Av‡Q| †Zvgvi wcZv gvZv Av‡Q| nu¨v Avgvi wcZv-gvZv Av‡Q|
Avgvi GKwU Nwo Av‡Q| Zv‡`i `yBwU cv Av‡Q| †Zvgvi `yÕwU Pÿz Av‡Q| evwo‡Z hv‡q` Av‡Q| wbRv‡gi GKwU
Avjgvwi Av‡Q| †`qv‡ji Dci GKwU cvLv Av‡Q| †Uwe‡ji Dci GKwU Szwo Av‡Q| N‡i GKwU Qwe Av‡Q| †Q‡jwUi
2wU Kjg Av‡Q| Zvi GKwU ‡Q‡j I GKwU †g‡q Av‡Q| †g‡Si Dci 2wU cy¯ÍK Av‡Q| Avgvi GKwU Nwo Av‡Q|
Avgvi GKwU e›`yK Av‡Q| N‡i wfZ‡i GKRb †Nvov †jvK Av‡Q| †Q‡jwUi 2wU PvKz Av‡Q| Zv‡`i `vwo Av‡Q|
kwi‡ii nvuo Av‡Q| Lv‡j‡`i gv`yi Av‡Q| nvwZi ïo Av‡Q| Mvwfi †jR Av‡Q| DU cvwLi 2wU cv Av‡Q|
 31

(2) evsjv Ki:

‫ﻟزﯾد رﺳﻎ ـ ﻟزﯾد ﻋﯾﻧﺎن ـ ﻟﻠﻣرﻓق ﻋظم ـ ﻟﻠﺑدن ﺟﻠد ـ ﻟﻠﺻدر ﺷﻌر ـ ﻟﻠﺑدن ﺻﻠب ـ ﻟﻠرأس ﻣﺦ ـ ﻟﻠﯾد ظﮭر ـ ﻟزﯾد ﺷﺢ ـ ﻟﮫ دﺑر ـ ﻟﻰ‬
‫رﻛﺑﺔ ـ ﻟﻌﻣرو ﻣﻌدة ـ ﻟﻧﺎ ﺣواﺻر ـ ﻟﻰ أﺑطﺎن ـ ﻟﻠﻛﺗﺎب أوراق ـ ﻟﻠدﻓﺗر دوﻻب ـ ﻟﮫ ﺟﻣل وﻓرس ـ ﻟﮭن روﺑﯾﺎت ﻟﻛم ﻛﺗب ـ ﻟﮭن‬
‫ارﺣﺎم ـ ﻟزﯾد وﻋﻣرو ﺟﻣﻼن وﻓرﺳﺎن ـ ﻟﻼﺧت أوﻻد ـ ﻟﻼخ اﺑﻧﺎء وﺑﻧﺎت ـ ﻟﻠﺑﻧت ﺣدﯾﻘﺎت ـ ﻟﻧﺎ أﻗﻼم ـ ﻟﮭم اﻛف ـ ﻟﻧﺎ أﻋﯾن ـ ﻟﮭم‬
‫أرﺟل ـ ﻟﻛن اذان ـ ﻋﻧدى ﻛﺗب ـ ﻋﻧده اﻣوال ـ ﻟﻰ زوﺟﺗﺎن ـ ﻟﻰ ﺑﻧت ﻟﮫ اﻗﻼم وﻟﮭﺎ ﻛﺗب ـ‬
3)evsjv I Aviwe Ki:
We have a car. They have a garden. He has a bicycle. You have many friends. She has a ring.
My friend has many books. His parents have a fine house. The cat has moustache. The lion has
mane. I have a wrist watch. My uncle has long beard. The ox has a long tail.
22k cvV
‡Zvgvi wK Av‡Q? ‫ھﻞ ﻟﻚ؟‬ Do you have?
Zvi wK Av‡Q? ‫ھﻞ ﻟﮫ؟‬ Does he have?
Kwi‡gi wK Av‡Q? ‫ھﻞ ﻟﻜﺮﯾﻢ؟‬ Does Karim have?
nu¨v Kwi‡gi Av‡Q| ‫ﻧﻌﻢ ﻟﻜﺮﯾﻢ‬ Yes, Karim has.
bv Kwi‡gi bvB| ‫ﻻ ﻣﺎ ﻟﻜﺮﯾﻢ‬ No, Karim doesn’t have.
‡Zvgvi wK i³ Av‡Q? ‫ھﻞ ﻟﻚ دم ؟‬ Do you have blood?
n¨uv Avgvi i³ Av‡Q| ‫ﻧﻌﻢ ﻟﻰ دم‬ Yes, I have blood.
bv Avgvi i³ bvB| ‫ﻻ ﻣﺎﻟﻰ دم‬ No, I don’t have blood.
‡Zvgvi wK ¯Íb Av‡Q? ‫ھﻞ ﻟﻚ ﺛﺪى ؟‬ Do you have breast?
n¨uv Avgvi ¯Íb Av‡Q| ‫ﻧﻌﻢ ﻟﻰ ﺛﺪى‬ Yes, I have breast.
bv Avgvi ¯Íb bvB| ‫ﻻ ﻣﺎ ﻟﻰ ﺛﺪى‬ No, I don’t have breast.
Kwi‡gi wK wcZv Av‡Q? ‫ھﻞ ﻟﻜﺮﯾﻢ واﻟﺪ‬ Does Karim have father?
n¨vu Kwi‡gi wcZv Av‡Q| ‫ﻧﻌﻢ ﻟﻜﺮﯾﻢ واﻟﺪ‬ Yes, Karim has father.
bv Kwi‡gi wcZv bvB| ‫ﻻ ﻣﺎ ﻟﻜﺮﯾﻢ واﻟﺪ‬ No, Karim doesn’t have father.
‡Zvgvi wK gvZv Av‡Q? ‫ھﻞ ﻟﻚ ام؟‬ Do you have mother?
bv Kwi‡gi wcZv bvB| ‫ﻻ ﻣﺎ ﻟﻜﺮﯾﻢ واﻟﺪ‬ No, Karim doesn’t have father.
‡Zvgvi wK gvZv Av‡Q? ‫ھﻞ ﻟﻚ ام؟‬ Do you have mother?
n¨uv Avgvi gvZv Av‡Q ‫ﻧﻌﻢ ﻟﻰ ام‬ Yes, I have mother.
bv Avgvi gvZv bvB| ‫ﻻ ﻣﺎ ﻟﻰ ام‬ No, I don’t have mother.
Avgvi wcZv gvZv Av‡Qb| ‫ﻟﻰ واﻟﺪان‬ I have parents.
‡Zvgvi wK wcZvgvZv Av‡Q? ‫ھﻞ ﻟﻚ اﺑﻮان ؟‬ Do you have parents?
gv`ivmvq wK QvÎ Av‡Q? ‫ھﻞ ﻓﻰ اﻟﻤﺪرﺳﺔ ﺗﻠﻤﯿﺬ؟‬ Is there student in madrasah?
gv`ivmvq wK †Kvb QvÎ Av‡Q? ‫ھﻞ ﻓﻰ اﻟﻤﺪرﺳﺔ أﺣﺪ ﻣﻦ اﻟﺘﻼﻣﺬة‬ Is there any student in madrasah?
‡Zvgvi wK †Kvb cy¯ÍK Av‡Q? ‫ھﻞ ﻟﻚ ﻛﺘﺎب ؟‬ Do you have any book?
n¨uv Avgvi wKZve Av‡Q| ‫ﻧﻌﻢ ﻟﻰ ﻛﺘﺎب‬ Yes, I have book.
Avgvi wKZve †Uwe‡ji Dci| ‫ﻛﺘﺎﺑﻰ ﻋﻠﻰ اﻟﻄﺎوﻟﺔ‬ My book is on the table.

Avgvi wK Av‡Q? Do I have? Avgvi wK bvB? Don’t I have?

Avgv‡`i wK Av‡Q? Do we have? Avgv‡`i wK bvB? Don’t we have?
‡Zvgvi wK Av‡Q? Do you have? ‡Zvgvi wK bvB? Don’t you have?
‡Zvgv‡`i wK Av‡Q? Do you have? ‡Zvgv‡`i wK bvB? Don’t you have?
Zvi (cy:) wK Av‡Q? Does he have? Zvi (cy:) wK bvB? Doesn’t he have?
Zvi (¯¿x) wK Av‡Q? Does she have? Zvi (¯¿x) wK bvB? Doesn’t she have?
Zv‡`i wK Av‡Q? Do they have? Zv‡`i wK bvB? Don’t they have?
Kwi‡gi wK Av‡Q? Does Karim have? Kwi‡gi wK bvB? Doesn’t Karim have?
 32

Abykxjbx-16
1) Aviwe I Bs‡iwR Ki:
Zvi Kx Av‡Q? n¨uv Zvi Av‡Q| bv Zvi bvB| Zvi wK Kjg Av‡Q? n¨uv Zvi Kjg Av‡Q| bv Zvi Kjg bvB| Kwi‡gi
wK cy¯ÍK Av‡Q? n¨uv Kwi‡gi cy¯ÍK Av‡Q| bv Zvi cy¯ÍK bvB| hv‡q‡`i wK †Q‡j Av‡Q? †Zvgvi wK eÜz Av‡Q? †Zvgvi
wK gyiwM Av‡Q? †Zvgv‡`i `yBR‡bi wK Kvco Av‡Q? K¬v‡m wK wkÿK Av‡Q? †Zvgvi wK GKRb eÜz Av‡Q? †Zvgvi wK
†Kvb eÜz Av‡Q? bv Avgvi †Kvb eÜz bvB| Zv‡`i wK †Kvb Kb¨v Av‡Q? bv Avgv‡`i †Kvb Kb¨v bvB| †Zvgvi wK
†clvK Av‡Q? ‡Zvgv‡`i wK †Q‡j Av‡Q? †Zvgv‡`i wK †Kvb †Q‡j Av‡Q? Mvfxi `yBwU Pÿz, `yBwU Kvb I GKwU gv_v
Av‡Q| Zvi wK GKwU Kjg, `yBwU cy¯ÍK I A‡bK¸wj LvZv Av‡Q| gvby‡li `yBwU cv, `yBwU nvZ I GKwU gv_v Av‡Q|
2) evsjv Ki:
‫ھل ﻟك اب و ام ـ ھل ﻟك واﻟدان ـ ھل ﻟك أﺑوان ـ ﻧﻌم ﻟﻰ أب و ام ـ ﻧﻌم ﻟﻰ واﻟدان ـ ﻧﻌم ﻟﻰ اﺑوان ـ ﻟﮫ إﻣرأة ـ ھل ﻟﮫ‬
‫إﻣرأة ؟ ﻧﻌم ﻟﮫ إﻣرأة ـ ﻻ ﻣﺎ ﻟﮫ إﻣرأة ـ ﻟك واﻟدان او اوﻻد ـ ﻣﺎﻟﮫ اخ و اﺧت ـ ھل ھو ﻓﻰ اﻟﺧﺎرج ؟ ﻧﻌم ھو ﻓﻰ‬
‫اﻟﺧﺎرج ـ ھل ھن ﺑﻧﺎت؟ ﻻ ھن ﻧﺳﺎء ـ ھل ﻟك ﺻدﯾق؟ ﻧﻌم ﻟﻰ ﺻدﯾق ـ ﻣن أﻧت ؟ ھل أﻧت ﺧﺎﻟد؟ ﻻ اﻧﺎ ﺷﻔﯾق ـ اﻧﺎ‬
‫ﻋﻣرو ـ ﻋﻣرو ﻓﻰ اﻟﻔرﻗﺔ ـ ھل ﻋﻣرو ﻓﻰ اﻟﻐرﻓﺔ ؟ ھل ﻋﻣرو ﻓﻰ داﺧل اﻟﻐرﻓﺔ ؟ ھل رﺣﯾم و ﺷﻔﯾق ﻓﻰ اﻟﻣﺳﺟد ؟ ﻧﻌم‬
‫ھﻣﺎ ﻓﻰ اﻟﻣﺳﺟد ـ ھل ﻟﻼخ طﻼب ؟ ﻧﻌم ﻟﻼخ طﻼب ـ ﻻ ﻣﺎﻟﮫ طﻼب ـ‬
3)evsjv I Aviwe Ki:
Do you have mobile phone. No, I don’t have mobile phone. Does she have brother? Yes,
she has two brother. Do they have car? Do you have any pen, book or notebook? Does
your uncle have any daughter? No, he doesn’t have any daughter. Does Karim have any
cow? Yes, he has three cows.
23k cvV
N‡i GKRb †jvK Av‡Q ‫ﻓﻰ اﻟﺒﯿﺖ رﺟﻞ‬ There is a man in the house.
N‡i ‡jvK Av‡Q ‫ﻓﻰ اﻟﺒﯿﺖ رﺟﻞ‬ There is man in the house.
N‡i wK †jvK Av‡Q ? ‫ھﻞ ﻓﻰ اﻟﺒﯿﺖ رﺟﻞ‬ Is there man in the house?
N‡i †Kvb †jvK Av‡Q ? ‫ﻓﻰ اﻟﺒﯿﺖ رﺟﻞ‬ Is there any man in the house?
Mvox‡Z †Kvb PvjK Av‡Q? ‫ھﻞ ﻓﻰ اﻟﺒﯿﺖ رﺟﻞ؟‬ Is there any driver in the car.
bv Mvox‡Z †Kvb PvjK bvB ‫ھﻞ ﻓﻰ اﻟﺴﯿﺎرة ﺳﺎﺋﻖ؟‬ No, there is no driver in the car.
n¨uv Mvox‡Z PvjK Av‡Q ‫ﻻ ﻣﺎ ﻓﻰ اﻟﺒﺴﺘﺎن ﺳﺎﺋﻖ‬ Yes, there is a driver in the car.
cyKz‡i gvQ Av‡Q ‫ﻓﻰ اﻟﺒﺌﺮ ﺳﻤﻚ‬ There is fish th pond.
AvKv‡k Zviv Av‡Q ‫ﻓﻰ اﻟﺴﻤﺎء ﻧﺠﻢ‬ There are stars in the sky.
evMv‡b MvQ Av‡Q| ‫ﻓﻰ اﻟﺒﺴﺘﺎن ﺷﺠﺮة‬ There are trees in the garden.
evMv‡b wK MvQ Av‡Q| ‫ھﻞ ﻓﻰ اﻟﺒﺴﺘﺎن ﺷﺠﺮة؟‬ Are there trees in the garden?
Evox‡Z †K? ‫ﻣﻦ ھﻮ ﻓﻰ اﻟﺒﯿﺖ؟‬ Who is (at) home?
cvnv‡o †K? ‫ﻣﻦ ھﻮ ﻓﻰ اﻟﺠﺒﻞ؟‬ Who is in the hill?
Introductory -there
‡Kv_vI †Kvb wKQz Av‡Q ev bvB GiKg fve cÖKvkK ev‡K¨i ïiæ‡Z Introductory -there e‡m| Ab¨ K_vq, †Kvb
¯’v‡b †Kvb wKQzi Ae¯’vb ‡evSv‡Z ev‡K¨i ïiæ‡Z there emv‡Z nq| †hgb: There are trees in the garden.
Positive: There + is/was + subject(singular) + extension
There is a masjid in our village.
There + are/were + subject(plural) + extension
There are two schools in our village.
Negative: There + isn’t/wasn’t/aren’t/weren’t + subject+ extension
There isn’t any fish in the pond.
Interrogative: Is/was/are/were there + subject+ extension
Is there any man in the house?
 33

Abykxjbx-17
1) Aviwe I Bs‡iwR Ki:
gv`ivmvq wK QvÎ Av‡Q? n¨uv gv`ivmvq QvÎ Av‡Q| †Zvgiv wK QvÎ? n¨uv Avgiv QvÎ| †Zvgiv †K? Avgiv igbx|
gmwR‡` †K? gmwR‡` Kwig I iwng| cyKz‡i †K Av‡Q? cyKz‡i hv‡q` Av‡Q| hv‡q` cyKz‡i Av‡Q| iwng evRv‡i
Av‡Q| evRv‡i iwng Av‡Q| cy¯ÍK `yBwU †Kv_vq Av‡Q? cy¯ÍK `yBwU Zv‡Ki Dci Av‡Q| K¬v‡m A‡bK¸wj QvÎ Av‡Q|
evox‡Z A‡bK¸wj cyiæl Av‡Q| gv`ivmvq A‡bK¸wj QvÎ Av‡Q| †Zvgv‡`i Kx A‡bK¸wj Kjg Av‡Q? bv Avgv‡`i
A‡bK¸wj Kjg bvB|
2) evsjv Ki:
‫ھل ﻟك ﺻدﯾق ؟ ﻓﻰ اﻟﻣدرﺳﺔ طﻼب ـ ھل ﻓﻰ اﻟﻣدرﺳﺔ ﺑﻧﺎت ؟ ﻻﻣﺎﻓﻰ اﻟﻣدرﺳﺔ ﺑﻧﺎت ـ ھل ﻓﻰ اﻟﺳوق ﺣﺿروات ؟‬
‫ﻧﻌم ﻓﻰ اﻟﺳوق ﺣﺿروات ـ ﻟﻛم ﺳﺎﻋﺎت ـ اﻟﻛﺗب ﻋﻠﻰ اﻟﺳﻘف ـ ﻟﮫ ﺑﻧدوﻗﯾﺔ ـ ھل ﻋﻧده ﺑﻧدوﻗﯾﺔ؟ ھل ﻓﻰ اﻟﻣﻌﺳﻛر ﺟﯾش؟‬
‫ﻧﻌم ﻓﻰ اﻟﻣﻌﺳﻛر ﺟﯾش ـ ھل ﻋﻧده روﺑﯾﺔ ؟ ﻻ ﻋﻧده دوﻻر ـ ﻣن ﻣﻌك ؟ ﻣﻌﻰ ﺻدﯾﻘﻰ ـ ﻓﻰ اﻟﻣﯾدان ﻻﻋﺑون ـ ھل ﻓﻰ‬
‫اﻟﻣﯾدان ﻻﻋﺑون ؟ ﻧﻌم ﻓﻰ اﻟﻣﯾدان ﻻﻋﺑون ـ ھل ﻓﻰ اﻟﺣﻘل ﺣﯾواﻧﺎت ـ ﻧﻌم ﻓﻰ اﻟﺣﻘل ﺣﯾواﻧﺎت ـ‬
3)evsjv I Aviwe Ki:
There are one thousand people in our village. There are many students in our class. There
is no flower in the garden. There are sixty four districts in our country. There are many
tall buildings in Dhaka. There is a picture on the wall. There was a king in Bagdad. There
are two men outside.
24k cvV
‡jvKwU N‡i Av‡Q ‫اﻟﺮﺟﻞ ﻓﻰ اﻟﺒﯿﺖ‬ The man is (at) home.
evjKwU gv`ivmvq Av‡Q ‫اﻟﻮﻟﺪ ﻓﻰ اﻟﻤﺪرﺳﺔ‬ The boy is in madrasah.
e¨NªwU wPwoqvLvbvq Av‡Q ‫اﻟﺬﺋﺐ ﻓﻰ اﻟﺤﺪﯾﻘﺔ اﻟﺤﯿﻮاﻧﺎت‬ The tigers are in the zoo.
‡Pvi¸wj _vbvq Av‡Q ‫اﻟﺴﺎرﻗﻮن ﻓﻰ ﻣﺤﻔﺮ اﻟﺸﺮطﺔ‬ The thieves are in the thana.
WvKvZMY KvivMv‡i Av‡Q ‫ﻗﻄﺎع اﻟﻄﺮﯾﻖ ﻓﻰ اﻟﺴﺠﻦ ـ‬ The dacoits are in the prison.
Mvwo¸wj †ók‡b Av‡Q ‫اﻟﺴﯿﺎرات ﻓﻰ اﻟﻤﻮﻗﻒ‬ The cars are in the station.
MvQ¸wj wK evMv‡b Av‡Q? ‫ھﻞ اﻻﺷﺠﺎر ﻓﻰ اﻟﺒﺴﺘﺎن؟‬ Are the trees in the garden?
hv‡q` wK evox‡Z Av‡Q? ‫ھﻞ زﯾﺪ ﻓﻰ اﻟﺒﯿﺖ‬ Is Jayed (at) home?
bv hv‡q` evox‡Z bvB ‫ﻻزﯾﺪ ﻓﻰ اﻟﺪار‬ No, Jayed isn’t home?
n¨vu hv‡q` evox‡Z Av‡Q| ‫ﻧﻌﻢ زﯾﺪ ﻓﻰ اﻟﺒﯿﺖ‬ Yes, Jayed is home?
Abykxjbx-18
1) Aviwe I Bs‡iwR Ki:
‡Q‡jwU wK gmwR‡` Av‡Q? n¨uv †m gmwR‡` Av‡Q| bv †m gmwR‡` bvB| D‡ovRvnvRwU wK wegvb e›`‡i? nu¨v
D‡ovRvnvRwU wegvb e›`‡i| D‡ovRvnvRwU wK AvKv‡ki Dci Av‡Q? nu¨v D‡ovRvnvRwU AvKv‡ki Dci Av‡Q|
QvZvwU wK wkÿ‡Ki? NiwU wK iwn‡gi? n¨uv NiwU iwn‡gi| †PqviwU Kvi? †PqviwU Avwi‡di? Mvox `yBwU hv‡q‡`i|
Kjg ¸wj wK †Zvgvi? bv, Kjg¸wj Avgvi| †gviM¸wj wK evRv‡i? n¨uv †gviM¸wj evRv‡i|
2) evsjv Ki:
‫اﻟﻛﺗﺎﺑﺎن ﻋﻠﻰ اﻟطﺎوﻟﺔ ـ اﻟرﺟﺎل ﻓﻰ اﻟﻣﺳﺟد ـ ھم ﻧﺎﺋﻣون ـ ھل اﻟﻧﺳﺎء ﻓﻰ اﻟﺻف ـ ھل ﻟزﯾد ﺻدﯾق ؟ ھل ھﻰ زﯾﻧب ؟‬
‫ﻣن اﻧت ؟ اﻧﺎ ﻣرﯾم ـ اﻟﺳﺎرﻗون ﻓﻰ اﻟطرﯾق ـ ﻟﮫ ﺧﯾﻼن ـ ھل أﻧت زﯾد ؟ ﻻ ﻣﺎ اﻧﺎ زﯾد ـ اﻟﻛﺗب ﻋﻠﻰ اﻟطﺎوﻟﺔ ـ اﻻوﻻد‬
‫ﻓوق اﻟﺳطﺢ ـ ھل اﻧت ﻣرﯾم ؟ ھل ﻟﻌﻣرو ﻛﺗﺎﺑﺎن؟ ﻧﻌم ﻟﻌﻣرو ﻛﺗﺎﺑﺎن ـ اﻟﻧﺳﺎء ﻓﻰ اﻟﻣدرﺳﺔ ـ اﻷوﻻد ﻓﻰ اﻟﺣﺻﯾر ـ‬
3)evsjv I Aviwe Ki:
The man is outside. No, he is at home. The book is his. The umbella is mine. My mother
is the kitchen. We are on the way to madrasa. The birds are on the tree. The boys are in
the field.
 34

25k cvV
* Abyev‡`i †ejvq Ggb KZ¸wj evK¨ Av‡Q, hvi g‡a¨ GKwU kã‡K evsjvq GKePb e¨envi Kiv nq| A_P Zv Aviwe‡Z
eûePb wnmv‡e e¨eüZ nq, †Kbbv hw` H ev‡K¨ Mfxi `yÕwU †`qv nq Z‡e H kãwU †h eûeP‡bi Rb¨ e¨eüZ n‡q‡Q| Zv
mn‡RB †evaMg¨ n‡e| G ai‡bi ev‡K¨i Abyev‡`i †ejvq LyeB mZK©Zv Aej¤^b Ki‡Z nq| †hgb- †Zvgv‡`i wK igbx
Av‡Q? GLv‡b igbx kãwU hw`Iev GKePb wKš‘ Abyev‡`i †ejvq eûePb wnmv‡e we‡ePbv Ki‡Z n‡e| †Kbbv ev‡K¨
†Zvgv‡`i‡K m‡¤^vab K‡i ejv n‡q‡Q| Avi †Zvgv‡`i ej‡Z GKRb eySvq bv, Kgc‡ÿ wZbRb eySvq| ZvB evK¨wU g~‡j
wQj- †Zvgv‡`i wK A‡bK¸wj igbx Av‡Q? ‫ ھل ﻟﻛم ﻧﺳﺎء ؟‬Avevi Ggb KZ¸wj kã Av‡Q| hv GKePb I eûePb Df‡qi
m¤¢vebv iv‡L| †hgb †Zvgv‡`i Kx `v`x Av‡Q? GLv‡b `v`x GKRb I n‡Z cv‡i Avi A‡bKI n‡Z cv‡i|
* Ggb KZ¸wj evK¨ Av‡Q, hv‡Z ‫ ﺿﻣﯾر‬Z_v me©bvg _v‡K| Avi H me©bvg Øviv wK ‫ ﻣذﻛر‬D‡Ïk¨ bv ‫ ﻣؤﻧث‬D‡Ïk¨|
Zvi cwiPq Kivi Rb¨ Zvi c‡ii ev‡K¨i cÖ‡qvRb| hØviv H ‫ ﺿﻣﯾر‬Gi ‫ ﻣذﻛر‬ev ‫ ﺗﺎﻧﯾث‬Z_v ¯¿x wj½ bv cy:wj½ Zv wbY©q
Kiv hvq| †hgb: †Zvgiv †K? Avgiv igbx| myZivs GLv‡b †Zvgiv k‡ãi A_© cy:wj½ b‡n eis ¯¿x wj½ D‡Ïk¨| myZivs
Avwg eje| ‫† ﻣن اﻧﺗن ؟‬Zvgiv †K? Dˇi ej‡Z n‡e- ‫ﻧﺣن ﻧﺳﺎء‬
‡Zvgv‡`i wK †Q‡j Av‡Q? ‫ھل ﻟﻛم أوﻻد‬ Do you have son?
‡Zvgv‡`i wK evMvb Av‡Q? ‫ھل ﻟﻛم ﺑﺳﺗﺎن ؟ ھل ﻟﻛم ﺑﺳﺎﺗﯾن ؟‬ Do you have garden?
‡Zvgv‡`i wK Ni Av‡Q? ‫ھل ﻟﻛم ﺑﯾوت ؟ ھل ﻟﻛم ﺑﯾت ؟‬ Do you have house?
‡Zvgiv †K? ‫ﻣن أﻧﺗن ؟‬ Who are you?
Avgiv igbx ‫ﻧﺣن ﻧﺳﺎء‬ We are women.
19k cvV
1) Aviwe I Bs‡iwR Ki:
Zviv †K? Zviv ¯¿x? †Zvgiv †K? Avgiv K‡b| Avgiv †K? †Zvgiv weÜzbx| Zviv `yBRb †K? Zviv `yBRb QvÎx| †Zvgiv
†K? Avgiv Kwigv, iwngv I Lv‡j`v| Zviv †K? Zviv evwjKv| †Zvgiv ‡Kv_v n‡Z? Avgiv gv`ivmv n‡Z| †Zvgiv †K?
Avgiv ¯¿x †jvK| Zviv †K? Zviv `v`x| †Zvgiv †K? Avgiv †evb| †Zvgv‡`i wK Lvjv Av‡Q? Avgv‡`i wK gv Av‡Q? n¨uv
†Zvgv‡`i gv Av‡Q| †Zvgv‡`i wK wkÿqÎx Av‡Q| Zviv †K? Zviv wkÿqÎx| †Zvgiv †K? Avgiv QvÎx| Zviv †K?
Zviv Lv‡j`v, mv‡eiv I Rv‡n`v| Kjg `yBwU Zvi| Kvco `yBwU Kwi‡gi|
2) evsjv Ki:
‫ﻣن أﻧت ؟ أﻧﺎ ﺣﻣﯾرة ـ ﻟﻣن اﻟﻛﺗﺎب ـ اﻟﻛﺗﺎب ﻟزﯾد ـ ﻟﻣن ھذا اﻟﻠﺣﺎف ـ اﻟﻠﺣﺎف ﻟﻠواﻟد ـ اﻟﻘﻠم ﻟﻼﺳﺗﺎذ ـ اﻟدﺟﺎﺟﺗﺎن ﻣرﯾم ـ‬
‫اﻟﻛﺗﺎﺑﺎن ﻟﺧﺎﻟد ـ اﻟظﺑﺎء ﻟﻌﻣرو ـ اﻟﻔرﺳﺎن ﻟﻰ ـ اﻻﺳدان ﻟﮫ ـ اﻻﺳد ﻓﻰ اﻟﻐﺎﺑﺔ ـ اﻟﻧﺳﺎء ﻓﻰ اﻟﺑﯾت ـ ﻣن اﻧﺗن ـ ﻧﺣن ﺑﻧﺎت ـ‬
‫اﻟﻘﻠم ﻟﻰ ـ اﻟدﯾك ﻟﮫ ـ اﻟﻔرس ﻟك ـ اﻟﺑﺳﺗﺎن ﻟﻛن ـ اﻟﺣدﯾﻘﺔ ﻟﻠﻧﺳﺎء ـ اﻟطﯾﺎرة ﻓﻰ اﻟﺳﻣﺎء ـ ھل ﻟﻛرﯾم ﺻدﯾق ؟ ﻧﻌم ﻟﻛرﯾم‬
‫ﺻدﯾق ـ ﻣن أﻧﺗم ؟ ﻧﺣن رﺟﺎل ـ ھم رﺟﺎل ـ اﻟطﻼب ﻟﻠﻣدرﺳﺔ ـ اﻷوﻻد ﻟﻠﺧﻼﯾﺎ اﻟﻘرآﻧﯾﺔ ـ اﻟطﺎﻟﺑﺎت ﻓﻰ اﻟﺑﯾت ـ اﻟﺗﻼﻣﯾذ‬
‫ﻓﻰ اﻟﻔﺻول ـ‬
3)evsjv I Aviwe Ki:
Who are they? Where are they from? Do you have sister? We are from market. They are
workers. Which is your bag. My bag is on the table. Where is yours?
26k cvV
KjgwU hv‡q‡`i ‫اﻟﻘﻠم ﻟزﯾد‬ This is Jayed’s pen.
Kjg¸wj hv‡q‡`i ‫اﻻﻗﻼم ﻟزﯾد‬ These are Jayed’s pen.
nu¨v KjgwU Kwi‡gi ‫ﻧﻌم اﻟﻘﻠم ﻟﻛرﯾم‬ Yes, this is Karim’s pen.
bv PvgovwU QvM‡ji ‫ﻻ اﻟﺟﻠد ﻟﺷﺎة‬ No, this is the leather of the goat.
nvowU Mvfxi ‫أﻟﻌظم ﻟﻠﺑﻘرة‬ This is the bone of the cow.
nwiY `yBwU Kwi‡gi ‫اﻟﻐزاﻻن ﻟﻛرﯾم‬ These two deer belong to Karim.
KbyB `yBwU Kwi‡gi ‫اﻟﻣرﻓﻘﺎن ﻟﻛرﯾم‬ These two elbows belong to Karim.
Kjg `yBwU hv‡q‡`i ‫اﻟﻘﻠﻣﺎن ﻟزﯾد‬ These two pens belong to Jayed.
KjgwU wK Kwi‡gi ‫ھل اﻟﻘﻠم ﻟﻛرﯾم‬ Is this Karim’s pen?
PvgovwU wK gwn‡li? ‫ھل اﻟﺟﻠد ﻟﻠﺟﺎﻟوس؟‬ Is this the leather of buffalo?
i³ gvby‡li ‫اﻟدم ﻟﻼﻧﺳﺎن‬ This is the blood of man.
MiæwU hv‡q‡`i ‫اﻟﺑﻘرة ﻟزﯾد‬ This is Jayed’s cow
cy¯ÍK ¸wj Av‡qkvi ‫ﻟﻛﺗب ﻟﻌﺎﺋﺷﺔ‬ These are the books of Ayesha.
 35

20k Abykxjbx
1) Aviwe I Bs‡iwR Ki:
NwowU wK Lvwj‡`i? n¨uv NwowU Lvwj‡`i| evjK `yBwU Kwi‡gi| Kjg wK †Zvgvi? n¨uv KjgwU Avgvi| bv Avgvi Kjg
bvB| bv Avgvi †Kvb Kjg bvB| nvowU Kvi? nvowU kwd‡Ki| Qvθwj gv`ivmvi| Qvθwj wK gv`ivmvi? n¨uv
Qvθwj gv`ivmvi| bv Qvθwj gv`ivmvi bq| cv `yBwU Kvi? cv `yBwU iwn‡gi| cv `yBwU wK Lv‡j‡`i? LvZv¸wj
hv‡q`, Kwig I iwn‡gi| QvZvwU `yBwU Kvi? QvZv `yBwU nvwe‡ei| QvZv `yBwU wK nvwe‡ei? nu¨v QvZv `yBwU nvwe‡ei|
bv QvZv `yBwU nvwe‡ei bq| Mvwf¸wj iwd‡Ki| nvum gyiwM cvjb Ki| nuvm `yBwU Avg‡ii| †Zvgiv †K? Avgiv QvÎ|
†Zvgiv wK QvÎ? n¨uv Avgiv QvÎ| bv Avgiv QvÎ bq| evox‡Z †Kvb †Q‡j bvB| evRv‡i †Kvb gvQ bvB|
(2) evsjv Ki:
‫اﻟﺻف ﻟﻠﻣدرﺳﺔ ـ اﻟﻣﺣﺎرﺗﺎن ﻟﻠﻣدرﺳﺔ ـ اﻟﺟدار ﻟﻠﻣﻌﮭﺎل ـ اﻟﺷﺑﺎك ﻟﻠﻣﮭﺟﻊ ـ اﻟﺻﺣن ﻟﻠﺑﯾت ـ اﻟﻔﺻل ﻟﻠﻣدرﺳﺔ ـ اﻟﻣﻔﺗﺎح ﻟﻠﻔﺿل ـ‬
‫اﻟﻛرﺳﻰ ﻟﻠﻣﻛﺗﺑﺔ ـ اﻟوﻟدان ﻟﻌﻣرو ـ اﻟطﺎوﻻت ﻟﻠﻣﻌﮭد ـ اﻟدواﻟﯾب ﻓﻰ اﻟﺑﯾت ـ اﻟﻛواﻛب ﻟﻠﺳﻣﺎء ـ اﻟﺑدر ﻓﻰ اﻟﺳﻣﺎء ـ اﻟﺑﺎﺑﺎن ﻟﻠﺑﯾت ـ‬
‫اﻟﺣﺎﺋط ﻟﻠﺑﺳﺗﺎن ـ ھل اﻟﺳﻛن ﻟﻠﺟﺎﻣﻌﺔ ـ ؟ ﻧﻌم اﻟﺳﻛن ﻟﻠﺟﺎﻣﻌﺔ ـ ﻣﺎﻓﻰ اﻟﺑﯾت رﺟل ـ ﻣﺎﻓﻰ اﻟطرﯾق إﻧﺳﺎن ـ ھل ﻓﻰ اﻟطرﯾق إﻧﺳﺎن ؟ ﻻ‬
‫ﻣﺎﻓﻰ اﻟطرﯾق إﻧﺳﺎن ـ ﻣﺎﻓﻰ اﻟﺑﯾت ﻓراش ـ ھل ﻓﻰ اﻟﺑﯾت ﻟﺣﺎف ـ ﻻ ﻣﺎ ﻓﻰ اﻟﺑﯾت ﻟﺣﺎف ـ ھل ﻓﻰ اﻟﺻﺣن ﻣﺟرم؟ ھل ﻓﻰ اﻟدﻛﺎن‬
‫ﺷﺎئ ؟ ﻧﻌم ﻓﻰ اﻟدﻛﺎن ﺷﺊ ـ اﻟﺗﺎﺟﺎن ﻟﻌﻣرو ـ اﻻﺳﺎﺗذة ﻓﻰ اﻟﻣﻛﺗب ـ اﻟﺑﺎﺧرة ﻓﻰ اﻟﺑﺣر ـ‬
3)evsjv I Aviwe Ki:
Is this Rahim’s umbrella? No, he has no umbrella. The umbrella is mine. Are they
students of this madrasah. Yss, they are the students of this madrasah. Are these two boys
your brother. No, they are not my brothers. They are my cousin.
27k cvV
(1) ‫ ﺿﻣﯾر‬Gi Dci ‫ ال‬Av‡m bv| h_v : ‫ھو رﺟل‬
(2) mvavibZ: gvby‡li bv‡gi Dci ‫ ال‬Av‡mbv| h_v: ‫ أﯾن ﺧﺎﻟد ـ أﯾن زﯾد‬n¨uv gv‡S g‡a¨ gvby‡li bv‡gi Dci ‫ ال‬G‡m
_v‡K| wKš‘ A‡_©i w`K w`qv Zvi g‡a¨ †Kvb iK‡gi cwieZ©b nqbv| Ges ‫† ال‬K bvûweaiv AwZwi³ e‡j‡Qb| h_v:
nvw`‡mi g‡a¨ i‡q‡Q- ‫ اﻟﺣﺳن واﻟﺣﺳﯾن ﺳﯾدا ﺷﺑﺎب اھل اﻟﺟﻧﺔ‬A_©vr ivm~j (m:) e‡j‡Qb †h nhiZ nvmvb I †nvmvBb
†e‡n‡¯Íi hyeK‡`i †bZv|
Dc‡ivwjøwLZ nv`x‡m nhiZ ‫ ﺣﺳن‬I ‫` ﺣﺳﯾن‬yBRb gvby‡li bvg nIqv m‡Z¡I ‫ ال‬Avbv n‡q‡Q| D‡jøL¨ †h gvby‡li bvg‡K
hLb wØePb ev eûePb Kiv nq ZLb Aek¨B ‫ ال‬Avb‡Z n‡e| h_v: `yBRb hv‡q` ‫ اﻟزﯾدان‬A‡bK¸wj hv‡q`
‫`اﻟزﯾدون‬yBRb Rqbe ‫ اﻟزﯾﻧﺑﺎن‬A‡bK¸wj Rqbe ‫اﻟزﯾﻧﺑﺎن‬
(3) gvby‡li bvg‡K hLb eûePb Kiv nq, ZLb cy:wj½ n‡j ‫ ون‬Ges ¯¿xwj½ n‡j ‫† ات‬hvM Ki‡Z n‡e| h_v: ‫ زﯾد‬n‡Z
‫ زﯾدون‬, ‫ ھﻧد‬n‡Z ‫ھﻧدات‬
28k cvV
Zv‡`i GKwU Kjg Av‡Q ‫ﻟﮭم ﻗﻠم‬ They have a pen.
‡Zvgv‡`i `ywU Mvox Av‡Q ‫ﻟﻛم ﺳﯾﺎرﺗﺎن‬ You have two cars.
Kwi‡gi evMvb Av‡Q ‫ﻟﻛرﯾم ﺑﺳﺗﺎن او ﺣدﯾﻘﺔ‬ Karim has a garden.
kv‡n‡`i wK evMvb Av‡Q? ‫ھل ﺗﺷﺎھد ﺑﺳﺗﺎن ؟‬ Does Shahed have garden?
‡Zvgvi wK eÜz Av‡Q? ‫ھل ﻟك ﺻدﯾق ؟ ﺣﺑﯾب‬ Do you have friend?
Avgv‡`i nvwZ bvB ‫ﻣﺎ ﻟﻧﺎ ﻓﯾل‬ We don’t have elephant.
‡Zvgvi wK wcZv †bB ‫أﻣﺎﻟك واﻟد ؟‬ Don’t you have father?
Miæi `yBwU Kvb I `ywU Pÿz Av‡Q ‫ﻟﻠﺑﻘرة اذﻧﺎن وﻋﯾﻧﺎن‬ The cow has two ears and two eyes.
cvwLi `yÕwU cvLv Av‡Q ‫ﻟﻠطﺎﺋر ﺟﻧﺎﺣﺎن‬ The bird has two wings.
Kwi‡gi wK Kvco bvB ‫اﻣﺎ ﻟﻛرﯾم ﺛوب‬ Doesn’t Karim have no any cloth?
MvQwUi dj bvB ‫ﻣﺎ ﻟﻠﺷﺟرة ﺛﻣرة‬ The tree doesn’t have any fruit.
gv‡Qi wK Wvbv Av‡Q? ‫ھل ﻟﻠﺳﻣك ﺟﻧﺎح ؟‬ Does fish have fin?
Av‡gbvi cyZzj bvB ‫ﻣﺎ ﻵﻣﻧﺔ دھﯾﺔ‬ Amena doesn’t have doll.
k„MvjwUi †jR †bB ‫ﻣﺎ ﻟﻠﺛﻌﻠب ذﻧب‬ The fox doesn’t have tail.
nvwZi `yÕwU `uvZ Av‡Q ‫ﻟﻠﻔﯾل ﻋﺎﺟﺎن‬ The elephant has two teeth.
cvwbi †Kvb is bvB ‫ﻣﺎ ﻟﻠﻣﺎء ﻟون‬ Water has no colour.
gvby‡li `yÕwU cv Av‡Q ‫ﻟﻼﻧﺴﺎن رﺟﻼن‬ Man has two legs.
 36

21k Abykxjbx
1) Aviwe I Bs‡iwR Ki:
Zvi A‡bK eÜz Av‡Q| Zvi wK A‡bK¸wj eÜz Av‡Q? K…lK‡`i A‡bK jv½j Av‡Q| Zv‡`i wK Mvfx Av‡Q? hv‡q‡`i
wK Ni Av‡Q? NiwUi A‡bK Rvbvjv Av‡Q| cvwL ¸wji evmv Av‡Q| cvÎwUi wK XvKbv Av‡Q| Zv‡`i `yBLvbv evox
Av‡Q| hv‡q‡`i 2wU †mvbvi AvswU Av‡Q| †Zvgvi wK nvZ Nwo Av‡Q? Avgv‡`i evMv‡b A‡bK dzj Av‡Q| AvKv‡k
A‡bK ZviKv Av‡Q| Avgv‡`i gv`ivmvq 27Rb wkÿK Av‡Qb| XvKvq A‡bK gmwR` Av‡Q| †`vqv‡Z Kvwj bvB|
cyKz‡i gvQ bvB| G KjgwU Kvi? hv‡q‡`i eÜz †Kv_vq? †mLv‡b †K †K Av‡Q? Zzwg †K? PÆMÖv‡g 2wU wek^ we`¨vjq
Av‡Q| †avcvi GKwU Mvav Av‡Q| †Zvgv‡`i gv`ivmvq jvB‡eªix Av‡Q| †køULvwb †Kv_vq?
3)evsjv I Aviwe Ki:
Do you have car? Do they have cows? There are many oxen in the field. I have many
friends in the school. We have many books in our school library. There are five madrasah
in our upazilla. We have many fishes in our pond.
29k cvV

31k cvV
‫` ﻛم‬yB fv‡M wef³ (1) ‫ اﺳﺗﻔﮭﺎﻣﯾﺔ‬cÖkœ‡evaK, (2) ‫ ﺧﺑرﯾﺔ‬eY©bvg~jK| ‫ ﻛم‬hLb ‫ إﺳﺗﻔﮭﺎﻣﯾﺔ‬Gi A‡_© e¨eüZ nq ZLb Zvi
A_© KZ ev KqwU eywS‡q _v‡K| Avi ‫ ﻛم‬hLb ‫ ﺧﺑرﯾﺔ‬Gi A‡_© e¨eüZ nq ZLb Zvi A_© A‡bK ev eû msL¨K eywS‡q
_v‡K|
‫ ﻛم اﺳﺗﻔﮭﺎﻣﯾﺔ‬Gi e¨envi:
1) ‫ ﻛم‬kãwU hLb ‫ اﺳﺗﻔﮭﺎﻣﯾﺔ‬nq ZLb ‫ ﻛم‬Gi c‡i †hB ‫ اﺳم‬wU Avm‡e Zv ‫ ﻣﻔرد‬ev GKePb n‡e Ges †m ‫اﺳم‬hei wewkó
n‡e| h_v: ‫ ﻛم طﺎﻟﺑﺎ ﻓﻰ اﻟﻣدرﺳﺔ‬gv`ivmvq KqRb QvÎ Av‡Q|
2) Avi hw` ‫ ﻛم‬Gi c~‡e© ‫ ﺣرف ﺟر‬Av‡m, ZLb ‫ ﻛم‬Gi c‡i †h ‫ اﺳم‬wU Avm‡e, Zv‡Z `yB iK‡gi ‫ اﻋراب‬n‡Z cv‡i| (1)
hei (2) †hi| h_v: ‫ ﺑﻛم طﺎﻟﺑﺎ ﻓﻰ اﻟﻣدرﺳﺔ‬ev ‫ ﺑﻛم طﺎﻟب ﻓﻰ اﻟﻣدرﺳﺔ‬D‡jøL¨ †h, ‫ ﻛم‬Gi c~‡e© hLb‫ ﺣرف ﺟر ﺑﺎ‬Avm‡e,
ZLb ‫ ﻛم‬Gi cieZx© ‫ اﺳم‬Gi Av‡M GKwU ‫ ﻣن‬Dn¨ _vwK‡e| h_v: ‫ ﺑﻛم درھم ﻋﻧدك‬g~‡j ‫† ﺑﻛم ﻣن درھم ﻋﻧدك‬Zvgvi wbKU
KqwU UvKv Av‡Q|
3) ‫ ﻛم‬k‡ãi c~‡e© hw` ‫_ ﻣﺿﺎف‬v‡K Z‡e Zvi cieZx© ‫† ﺗﻣﯾز اﺳم ـ‬hi wewkó n‡e| h_v: ‫ ﻣﺎل ﻛم رﺟل اﺧذت‬KZ‡jv‡Ki
m¤ú` Zzwg wbQ|
D‡jøL¨ †h, ‫ ﻛم اﺳﺗﻔﮭﺎﻣﯾﺔ‬Gi ‫ اﺳم‬Gi †klvÿi hw` ‫ )ھﺎء اﻟﺗﺎﻧﯾث( ة‬hy³ bv nq Z‡e `yB he‡ii †ejvq †klvÿi GKwU
‫† اﻟف‬hvM Ki‡Z n‡e| wKš‘ †h k‡ãi †klvÿ‡i ‫ ھﺎء اﻟﺗﺎﻧﯾث‬nq Z‡e †m k‡ãi †klvÿi `yB hei n‡e ‫ اﻟف‬n‡e bv| h_v:
‫† ﻛم زوﺟﺔ ﻋﻧدك‬Zvgvi KqwU ¯¿x Av‡Q?
‫ ﻛم ﺧﺑرﯾﺔ‬Gi e¨envi:
1) ‫ ﻛم ﺧﺑرﯾﺔ‬Gi cieZx© Awbw`©ó ‫ اﺳم‬GKePb †hi wewkó n‡e| h_v: ‫ ﻛم رﺟل رأﯾﺗﮫ‬Avwg eû‡jvK †`‡LwQ|
2) ‫ ﻛم ﺧﺑرﯾﺔ‬Gi cieZx© ‫ اﺳم‬Awbw`©ó eûeb †hi wewkó n‡e| h_v: ‫ ﻛم رﺟﺎل رﺋﯾﺗﮭم‬Avwg A‡bK †jvK‡K †`‡LwQ|
3) Dc‡ivwjøwLZ Dfq Ae¯’vq ‫ ﻛم ﺧﺑرﯾﺔ‬Gi c~‡e© ‫ ﻣن‬AvmvI Rv‡qR Av‡Q| h_v: ‫ﻛم ﻣن رﺟﺎل رﺋﯾﺗﮭم ؟ ﻛم ﻣن رﺟل‬
‫رﺋﯾﺗﮫ‬
32k cvV
KqwU Kjg? ‫ﻛم ﻗﻠﻣﺎ؟‬ How many pens?
KqwU Kb¨v? ‫ﻛم ﺑﻧﺗﺎ ؟‬ How many daughters?
KqwU nvZ? ‫ﻛم ﯾدا؟‬ How many hands?
‡Zvgvi KqwU fvB Av‡Q? ‫ﻛم اﺧﺎ ﻟك؟‬ How many brothers do you have?
‡Zvgvi KqwU QvÎ Av‡Q? ‫ﻛم طﺎﻟﺑﺎ ﻟك ؟‬ How many students do you have?
Zv‡`i KqwU †gviM Av‡Q? ‫ﻛم دﺟﺎﺟﺔ ﻟﮭم ؟‬ How many cocks do they have?
KqwU †Q‡j? ‫ﻛم وﻟدا؟‬ How many sons?
KqwU Mvfx? ‫ﻛﻢ ﺑﻘﺮة؟‬ How many cows?
Kq UvKv? ‫ﻛﻢ روﺑﯿﺔ؟‬ How much taka?
Zvi KqRb wkÿK Av‡Q? ‫ﻛﻢ اﺳﺘﺎذا ﻟﻚ؟‬ How many teachers does he have?
 37

‡Zvgvi KqwU LvZv Av‡Q ‫ﻛﻢ دﻓﺘﺮا ﻟﻚ ؟‬ How many notebooks do you have?

How many KqwU/ KqRb (hv MYbv Kiv hvq) How many brothers do you have?
How much KZ (g~j¨/cwigvY-hv MYbv Kiv hvq bv) How much water is there in the pond?
How long KZÿY/KZ `xN© How long is the Padma Bridge?
How far KZ`~i How far is your school from your house?
How old KZ (eqm) How old is your grandfather?
How often KZevi How often do you say your prayer a day?
22k Abywkjbx
1) Aviwe I Bs‡iwR Ki:
†Zvgvi KqwU Po–B cvwL Av‡Q? Zvi KqwU Pÿz Av‡Q? Avgvi KqwU cy¯ÍK Av‡Q? KqwU mvim? KqwU †KvwKj? Zv‡`i
KqwU KqwU †RvK Av‡Q? †Zvgv‡`i KqwU Møvm Av‡Q? Zv‡`i `yBR‡bi KqwU nvZ Av‡Q? Zv‡`i KqwU NyNy Av‡Q?
†Zvgv‡`i KqwU n¯Íx Av‡Q? Avgv‡`i `yBR‡bi KqwU mvim Av‡Q? Zvi KqwU QvÎ Av‡Q? †Zvgv‡`i KqwU eUMvQ
Av‡Q?
2) evsjv Ki:
‫ﻛم أرﻧﺑﺎ؟ ﻛم ﺷﺟرة ؟ ﻛم ﻧﻔﺳﺎ ـ ﻛم دﻓﺗرا ؟ ﻛم ﻗﻠﻣﺎ ؟ ﻛم ﺳﺎﻋﺔ ﻟك؟‬
‫ﻛم ﯾدا ﻟﻧﺎ ـ ﻛم روﺑﯾﺔ ﻟك ؟ ﻛم ورﻗﺔ؟ ﻛم ﻣروﺣﺔ؟ ﻛم ﯾدا ﻟك ؟ ﻛم رأﺳﺎ؟ ﻛم ﻓﯾﻼ؟ ﻛم ﺑﮭﻣﺔ؟‬
‫ﻛم دﻟوا ﻟك؟ ﻛم ﻛرﺳﯾﺎ ﻟﮭم ؟ ﻛم طﺎوﻟﺔ ﻟﻛم ؟ ﻛم ﺑﻧﺗﺎ ﻟك؟ ﻛم ﺑرﺗﻘﺎﻻ ﻟﻧﺎ ؟ ﻛم ﻧﺳرا ﻟﮭم ؟ ﻛم ﺧﻔﺎﺷﺎ ﻟﮭﻣﺎ ؟ ﻛم ﻋﻘﺎﺑﺎ ﻟﮭم ؟‬
3)evsjv I Aviwe Ki:
How many students are there in this madrasah? How many fingers do you have in each
hand? How many cousins do you have? How many trees are there in the garden? How
many books do you have in your book shelf?
33k cvV
KqwU Kjg I KqwU KvMR ‫ﻛم ﻗﻠﻣﺎ وﻛم ﻗرطﺎﺳﺎ‬ How many pens and how many pieces of paper?
KqwU Kb¨v I KqwU †Q‡j ‫ﻛم ﺑﻧﺗﺎ و ﻛم وﻟﯾﺎ‬ How many daughters and sons?
KqwU cy¯ÍK I KqwU Kjg ‫ﻛم ﻛﺗﺎﺑﺎ وﻛم ﻗﻠﻣﺎ‬ How many books and pens?
KqwU e¨vO I KqwU wUKwUwK ‫ﺿﻔدع و ﻛم ﻋظﺎءة‬ How many frogs and crocodiles?
KqwU wkÿK I KqRb wkÿqÎ ‫ﻛم ﻣﻌﻠﻣﺎ وﻛم ﻣﻌﻠﻣﺔ‬ How many male teachers and female teachers
KqwU †jvK ¯‹z‡j Av‡Q? ‫ﻛم رﺟﻼ ﻓﻰ اﻟﻣدرﺳﺔ‬ How many people are there in the school?
KqwU Kzwgi b`x‡Z Av‡Q? ‫ﻛﻢ ﺗﻤﺴﺎھﺎ ﻓﻰ اﻟﻨﮭﺮ‬ How many crocodiles are there in the pond?
KqwU Li‡Mvk evox‡Z Av‡Q? ‫ﻛﻢ ارﻧﺒﺎ ﻓﻰ اﻟﺒﯿﺖ ؟‬ How many rabbits are there in the house?
KqwU evbi †Zvgvi Av‡Q? ‫ﻛﻢ ﺳﻌﺪاﻧﺎ ﻟﻚ ؟‬ How many monkeys do you have?
23k Abywkjbx
1) Aviwe I Bs‡iwR Ki:
KqwU NyNy I KqwU cvqiv? KqwU ev`yi A_ev KqwU fjøyK? KqwU CMj A_ev KqwU cvwL? KqwU MvQ A_ev KqwU
eUMvQ| KqwU mvim A_ev KqwU evR| KqwU ev`yi I KqwU ïKi| KqwU euvk I KqwU Qz‡Uv? KqwU cvqiv Ges KqwU
mvim| KqwU †Ku‡Pv A_ev KqwU dwos? KqwU ev`yi Mv‡Qi Dci Av‡Q? Mv‡Qi Dci KqwU Avg Av‡Q? gq`v‡b KqwU
fjøyK Av‡Q? KqwU †m¸b MvQ cvnv‡o Av‡Q? KqwU cvqiv evox‡Z Av‡Q?
2) evsjv Ki:
‫ﻛم ﻋﻠﺟوﻣﺎ وﻛم ﻗواﻓﺎ؟ ﻛم ﺷﺟرة وﻛم دﺟﺎﺟﺔ؟ ﻛم طﺎﺋرا ﻓﻰ اﻟﺳﻣﺎء ؟ ﻛم ﻛﺗﺎﺑﺎ ﻋﻠﻰ اﻟطﺎوﻟﺔ؟ ﻛم ﻛرﺳﯾﺎ ﻓﻰ اﻟﻣدرﺳﺔ ـ‬
‫ﻛم طﺎوﻟﺔ ﻓﻰ اﻟﺻف ؟ ﻛم دﯾﻛﺎ ﻓﻰ اﻟﺑﯾت؟ ﻛم ﺳﻠﺣﻔﺎة وﻛم ﻛرﻛﯾﺎ ؟ ﻛم ﺑﻌوﺿﺔ ﻓﻰ اﻟدار ؟ ﻛم ﻓرﺳﺎ ﻓﻰ اﻟﻐﺎﺑﺔ ؟ ﻛم‬
‫ﻣرءا وﻛم ﻣرأة ﻓﻰ اﻟﺑﯾت ؟ ﻛم ﻋﻠﻘﻣﺔ وﻛم زﻧﺑورا ؟ ﻛم ﺳﺎﺟﺎ وﻛم ﻣﯾزراﻧﺎ ـ ﻛم ﺟﻧدﯾﺎ وﻛم ﻧﻣﻠﺔ ﻓﻰ اﻟﺑﯾت ـ ﻛم ﺑﮭﺟﺔ‬
‫ﻓﻰ اﻟﺣﻘل ؟ ﻛم ﻋﻘﺎﺑﺎ ﻓﻰ اﻟﺣﯾواﻧﺎت ؟ ﻛم ﺑرﺗﻘﺎﻻ ﻋﻠﻰ اﻟﺷﺟرة ـ ﻛم ﺷرﻏوﻓﺎ ﻓﻰ اﻟﺑﺋر ؟ ﻛم ﺗﻔﺎﺣﺎ ﻓﻰ اﻟدﻟو ؟ ﻛم ﺻﻔﺣﺔ‬
‫ﻓﻰ اﻟﻛﺗﺎب ـ ﻛم دﻓﺗرا ﻓﻰ اﻟﻣﻛﺗب؟ ﻛم ﻛﺗﺎﺑﺎ ﻓﻰ اﻟﻣﻛﺗﺑﺔ ؟‬
3)evsjv I Aviwe Ki:
 38

How many members do you have in your family? How many crows can you see in the
tree? How many people are there in this village? How many students do you have in your
class? How many boys are playing in the field?
34k cvV
‡Zvgvi KqwU †gviM evox‡Z Av‡Q? ‫ﻛم دﯾﻛﺎ ﻟك ﻓﻰ اﻟدار‬ How many cocks do you have at home?
Zv‡`i KqwU Miæ gv‡V Av‡Q? ‫ﻛم ﺑﻘرة ﻟﮭم ﻓﻰ اﻟﻣﯾدان؟‬ How many cows do they have in the field?
nv‡Z KqwU Av½ywj Av‡Q? ‫ﻛم اﺻﺑﻌﺎ ﻓﻰ اﻟﯾد ؟‬ How many fingers are there in the hand?
‡Zvgvi nv‡Z KqwU Av½yjx Av‡Q ‫ﻛم اﺻﺑﻌﺎ ﻟك ﻓﻰ اﻟﯾد ؟‬ How many fingers do you have in your hand?
R½‡j †Zvgvi KqwU gwnl Av‡Q? ‫ﻛم ﺟﺎﻣوﺳﺎ ﻟك ﻓﻰ اﻟﻐﺎﺑﺔ؟‬ How many baffaloes do you have in the jungle?
Zv‡`i KqwU bvmxKv Av‡Q? ‫ﻛم ﺧﯾﺛوﻣﺎ ﻟﮭم ؟‬ How many apples do you have in the tree?
Mv‡Q KqwU Avimyjv Av‡Q? ‫ﻛم ﺻرﺻورا ﻓﻰ اﻟﺷﺟرة؟‬ How many cocks do you have at home?
Mv‡Qi Dci †Zvgvi KqwU Av‡cj Av‡Q? ‫ﻛم ﺗﻔﺎﺣﺎ ﻟك ﻋﻠﻰ اﻟﺷﺟرة ؟‬ How many cows do they have in the field?
24k Abywkjbx
1) Aviwe I Bs‡iwR Ki:
Zv‡`i KqwU CMj cvwL I KqwU gq~i Av‡Q? Avgv‡`i KqwU †bŠKv Av‡Q? †Zvgv‡`i KqwU ej Av‡Q? evox‡Z KqwU
cy¯ÍK Av‡Q? Zv‡`i Li‡Mvk Av‡Q| R½‡j KqwU lvo Av‡Q? gv‡V KqwU AvgMvQ Av‡Q? b`x‡Z †Zvgvi KqwU †bŠKv
Av‡Q? evMv‡b KqwU MvQ †Zvgvi Av‡Q? evMv‡b Avgvi A‡bK MvQ Av‡Q| †Zvgvi KqwU NyNy evox‡Z Av‡Q? Zv‡`i
KqwU ïKi evox‡Z Av‡Q| R½‡j †Zvgvi KqwU †m¸b MvQ Av‡Q?
2) evsjv Ki:
‫ﻛم ﻓﺎرا وارﻧﺑﺎ ﻟﻛم؟ ﻛم ﻧﺟﻣﺎ ﻓﻰ اﻟﺳﻣﺎء؟ ﻛم ﺳﻣﻛﺎ ﻓﻰ اﻟﺳوق؟ ﻛم ﺷﻣﺳﺎ و ﻗﻣرا ﻓﻰ اﻟﺳﻣﺎء؟ ﻛم ﺑﻘرة وﺷﺎة ﻟك؟ ﻛم ﻓﺎﻻ‬
‫ﻓﻰ اﻟوﺟﮫ ؟ ﻛم اﻧﺑﺟﺎ ﻓﻰ اﻟﺷﺟرة؟ ﻛم ﻋﯾﻧﺎ واذﻧﺎ ﻓﻰ اﻟﺑدن ؟ ﻛم دﻓﺗرا وﻛراﺳﺔ ﻓﻰ اﻟﻣﻛﺗب؟ وﻛم ﻗﻠﻣﺎ وﻗرطﺎﺳﺎ ﻟﻛم؟ ﻛم‬
‫ﯾدا و رﺟﻼ ﻟﻼﻧﺳﺎن ؟ ﻟﻼﻧﺳﺎن ﯾدان ورﺟﻼن ـ ﻛم ﻏزاﻻ وﺣﻣﺎرا ﻓﻰ اﻟﺟﺑل ؟ ﻛم ذﻧﺑﺎ ﻟﻠﺑﻘرة ؟ ﻟﻠﺑﻘرة ذھب ـ ﻛم رﺟﻼ‬
‫ﻟﻠﺷﺎة ؟ ﻛم ﻋﯾﻧﺎ ﻟك ؟ ﻛم ﺳﻣﻛﺎ ﻟﮭﻣﺎ ؟ ﻛم ﺷﺟرا ﻟك؟ ﻛم طﺎوﻟﺔ وﻛرﺳﯾﺎ ﻟﮭم؟ ﻛم ﺷﺟرة ﻓﻰ اﻟﺑﺳﺗﺎن؟ ﻛم وﻟدا وﺑﻧﺗﺎ ﻓﻰ‬
‫اﻟﻔﺻل؟ ﻛم طﺎﻟﺑﺎ وطﺎﻟﺑﺔ ﻓﻰ اﻟدرﺳﺔ ؟‬
3)evsjv I Aviwe Ki:
How many boys are there in the field? How many members do you have in your family? How
much water is there in the pond? How many cows does he have in the field? How many districts
are there in our country?
GKRb †jv‡Ki Kjg
GKRb †jv‡Ki KjgwU `yBRb †g‡qi cy¯ÍK
‫ﻗﻠم رﺟل‬ ‫ﻛﺗﺎب ﺑﻧﺗﯾن‬
‡Kvb †jv‡Ki Kjg `yBRb †g‡qi cy¯ÍKwU
‡Kvb †jv‡Ki KjgwU
35k cvV
‫إﺿﺎﻓﺔ‬Possessive Case
‫ إﺿﺎﻓﺔ‬: GKwU we‡k‡l¨i mv‡_ Avi GKwU ‫ اﺳم‬ev me©bv‡gi ‡h m¤úK ©†mB m¤úK©‡K ‫ إﺿﺎﻓت‬ejv nq|
‫ ﻣﺿﺎف‬: `yBwU ‫ اﺳم‬Gi g‡a¨ hv‡K m¤úK©hy³ Kiv nq| Zv‡K ‫ ﻣﺿﺎف‬ev we‡kl¨ c` ejv nq| h_v: ‫ ﻛﺗﺎب زﯾد‬hv‡q‡`i wKZve|
‫ ﻣﺿﺎف اﻟﯾﮫ‬: `yBwU ‫ اﺳم‬Gi g‡a¨ hvi mv‡_ m¤úK© ¯’vcb Kiv nq Zv‡K ‫ ﻣﺿﺎف اﻟﯾﮫ‬e‡j| ‫ﻛﺗﺎب زﯾد‬
‫ ﺿﯾف‬: ‫إﺿﺎﻓﺔ‬
D`vniY: ‫ ﻛﺗﺎب‬I ‫ زﯾد‬Df‡qB ‫ اﺳم‬GLv‡b hv‡q‡`i mv‡_ wKZv‡ei m¤^Ü ¯’vcb Kiv n‡q‡Q? myZivs ‫ ﻛﺗﺎب‬kãwU ‫ﻣﺿﺎف‬
Ges ‫ زﯾد‬kãwU ‫ ﻣﺿﺎف اﻟﯾﮫ‬Avi Bnv‡`i Df‡qi gv‡S †h m¤^Ü i‡q‡Q ZvB ‫إﺿﺎﻓت‬
‫ ﻣرﻛب إﺿﺎﻓﻰ‬: ‫ ﻣﺿﺎف‬I ‫ ﻣﺿﺎف اﻟﯾﮫ‬Gi mgš^‡q †h evK¨ MVb Kiv nq, Zv‡K ‫ ﻣرﻛب اﺿﺎﻓﻰ‬ejv nq|
‫ إﺿﺎﻓت‬Gi wbqgvejx:
1) evsjvq ‫ ﻣﺿﺎف اﻟﯾﮫ‬Av‡M Ges ‫ ﻣﺿﺎف‬c‡i e‡m| h_v: ‫ وﻟد زﯾد‬hv‡q‡`i †Q‡j| D`vni‡b ‫ زﯾد‬kãwU ‫ﻣﺿﺎف اﻟﯾﮫ‬
Av‡M Ges ‫ وﻟد‬kãwU ‫ ﻣﺿﺎف‬c‡i G‡m‡Q|
 39

2) Aviwe‡Z ‫ ﻣﺿﺎف‬Av‡M Ges ‫ ﻣﺿﺎف اﻟﯾﮫ‬c‡i e‡m| h_v: ‫ ﻏﻼم زﯾد‬D`vni‡Y ‫ ﻏﻼم‬kãwU ‫ ﻣﺿﺎف‬Av‡M I ‫ زﯾد‬kãwU
‫ﻣﺿﺎف اﻟﯾﮫ‬c‡i G‡m‡Q|
3) ‫ ﻣﺿﺎف‬Gi †kl Aÿ‡i GK †ck Ges ‫ ﻣﺿﺎف اﻟﯾﮫ‬Gi †klvÿ‡i `yB †Ri nq| h_v: ‫ ﻛﺗﺎب زﯾد‬D`vni‡Y ‫ ﻛﺗﺎب‬kãwU
‫ ﻣﺿﺎف‬hv †ck wewkó Ges ‫ زﯾد‬kãwU ‫ ﻣﺿﺎف اﻟﯾﮫ‬hv †Ri wewkó n‡q‡Q|
4) ‫ ﻣﺿﺎف اﻟﯾﮫ‬hw` †Kvb gvby‡li wKsev ¯’v‡bi bvg nq, ZLb ‫ ﻣﺿﺎف اﻟﯾﮫ‬Gi c~‡e© ‫ ال‬n‡e bv| h_v: ‫ ﻛﺗﺎب زﯾد‬- ‫اھل‬
‫ ﻛوﻛﺳﺑﺎزار‬D`vni‡Y ‫ زﯾد‬I ‫` ﻛوﻛﺳﺑﺎزار‬yBwU kã h_vµ‡g gvbyl I ¯’v‡bi bvg ZvB Dnvi Dci ‫ ال‬Av‡m bvB|
5) ‫ ﻣﺿﺎف اﻟﯾﮫ‬hw` †Kvb gvby‡li wKsev ¯’v‡bi bvg bv nq Z‡e ‫ ﻣﺿﺎف اﻟﯾﮫ‬Gi Dci ‫ ال‬Avm‡e| h_v ‫ﺑﺣر اﻟﻌرب ـ‬
‫ ﻛﺗﺎب اﻟوﻟد‬D`vni‡Y ‫ وﻟد‬I ‫ ﺑﺣر‬kãØq h_vµ‡g gvbyl I ¯’v‡bi bvg bq weavq Dfq ‫ اﺳم‬Gi Dci ‫ ال‬Avbv
n‡q‡Q|
6) ‫ ﻣﺿﺎف‬I ‫ ﻣﺿﺎف اﻟﯾﮫ‬Df‡q ‫ واﺣد‬Z_v GKePb n‡Z cv‡i| h_v: ‫ ﻏﻼم زﯾد‬hv‡q‡`i †Mvjvg| GLv‡b ‫ ﻏﻼم‬I ‫زﯾد‬
kãØq ‫ واﺣد‬Z_v GKePb n‡q‡Q|
‫ اﻟﻔﺎﺋدة‬: D‡jøL¨, †h kãwU ‫ ﻣﺿﺎف اﻟﯾﮫ‬n‡e, evsjv‡Z Zvi †klvÿ‡ii mv‡_ ÔiÕ AÿiwU hy³ n‡e| h_v hv‡q‡`i Kb¨v|
GLv‡b hv‡q‡`i mv‡_ ÔiÕ Ae¨qwU hy³ n‡q‡Q|
Possessive Case
Sentence-G GKwU noun ev pronoun Gi mv‡_ Aci ‡Kvb noun ev pronoun-Gi †h AwaKvi, gvwjKvbv ev Ab¨
†Kvb m¤úK© cÖKvk Kiv nq ZLb †mB m¤úK©‡K Possessive Case ejv nq|
†hgb: This is Rahim’s book. She is Karim’s sister. 1g ev‡K¨ Rahim’s book Øviv book-Gi Dci
Rahim-Gi AwaKvi ev gvwjKvbv Ges 2q ev‡K¨ Karim’s sister Øviv sister-Gi mv‡_ Karim-Gi m¤úK© cÖKvk
‡c‡q‡Q| ZvB GLv‡b Rahim’s I Rahim’s n‡”Q Possessive Case
Possessive Case-Gi MVb:
1) mvaviYZ cÖvYxevPK noun-Gi †k‡l (’s) ‡hvM K‡i Possessive Case MVb Kiv nq|
†hgb: Habib’s pen, Sami’s Bag.
2) Plural noun-Gi †k‡l s _vK‡j ïay apostrophe (’) ‡hvM K‡i Possessive Case MVb Kiv nq| †hgb:
Boys’ school, girls’ school
3) Plural noun-Gi †k‡l s bv _vK‡j (’s) ‡hvM K‡i Possessive Case MVb Kiv nq|
†hgb: children’s park, women’s club
4) Proper noun-Gi †k‡l s _vK‡j (’s) ‡hvM K‡i A_ev ïay apostrophe (’) ‡hvM K‡i Possessive Case
MVb Kiv nq|
†hgb: Keats’ poetry or Keats’s poetry
5) Compund noun-Gi †k‡l (’s) ‡hvM K‡i Possessive Case MVb Kiv nq|
†hgb: sister-in-law’s house
6) ‡hŠ_ AwaKvi eySv‡j `y ev Z‡ZvwaK noun-Gi c‡ii noun-wUi †k‡l (’s) ‡hvM K‡i Possessive Case MVb
Kiv nq|
†hgb: Hasan and Zaman’s firm (one firm)
7) wKšÍy c„_K AwaKvi eySv‡j cÖ‡Z¨K noun-Gi †k‡l (’s) ‡hvM K‡i Possessive Case MVb Kiv nq|
†hgb: Hasan’s and Zaman’s firm (two seperate firms)
8) A‡PZb c`v_©evPK noun-Gi †k‡l (’s) ‡hvM bv K‡i Zvi c~‡e© of ewm‡q Possessive Case MVb Kiv nq| †hgb: the
legs of the chair, the water of the pond
9) mgq, `~iZ¡, cwigvc, IRbevPK noun-Gi †k‡l (’s) ‡hvM K‡i Possessive Case MVb Kiv nq|
†hgb: a week’s leave, a year’s length, a kilo’s weight
 40

36k cvV
‫ واﺣد‬hy³ ‫ ﻣﺿﺎف‬I ‫ﻣﺿﺎف اﻟﯾﮫ‬
Avjøvni ivm~j ‫رﺳول ﷲ‬ The prophet of Allah
Avjøvni bex ‫ﻧﺑﻰ ﷲ‬ The prophet of Allah
Avjøvni wKZve ‫ﻛﺗﺎب ﷲ‬ The book of Allah
Avjøvni ev›`v ‫ﻋﺑد ﷲ‬ The servant of Allah
Avjøvni `ywbqv ‫دﻧﯾﺎ ﷲ‬ The world of Allah
ivmy‡ji D¤§Z ‫اﻣﺔ اﻟرﺳول‬ The followers of the prophet
ivmy‡ji ¯¿x ‫زوﺟﺔ اﻟرﺳول‬ The wife of the prophet
ivm~‡ji bvZx ‫ﺣﻔﯾد اﻟرﺳول‬ The grandson of the prophet
ivm~‡ji Kb¨v ‫ﺑﻧت اﻟرﺳول‬ The daughter of the prophet
ivm~‡ji ˆmwbK ‫ﺟﯾش اﻟرﺳول‬ The soldier of the prophet
ivm~‡ji hy× ‫ﻏزوة اﻟرﺳول‬ The battle of the prophet
ivm~‡ji kni ‫ﻣدﯾﻧﺔ اﻟرﺳول‬ The city of the prophet
ivm~‡ji wnRiZ ‫ھﺟرة اﻟرﺳول‬ The migration of the prophet
ivm~‡ji Rb¥ ‫وﻻدة اﻟرﺳول‬ The birth of the prophet
ivm~‡ji g„Zz¨ ‫وﻓﺎة اﻟرﺳول‬ The death of the prophet
ivm~‡ji wcZv ‫واﻟد اﻟرﺳول‬ Father of the prophet
ivm~‡ji gvZv ‫واﻟدة اﻟرﺳول‬ Mother of the prophet
ivm~‡ji `v`v ‫ﺟد اﻟرﺳول‬ Grandfather of the prophet
ivm~‡ji PvPv ‫ﻋم اﻟرﺳول‬ Uncle of the prophet
ivm~‡ji mycvwik ‫ﺷﻔﺎﻋﺔ اﻟرﺳول‬ The recommendation of the prophet
25k Abywkjbx
1) Aviwe I Bs‡iwR Ki:
iwn‡gi Kjg| hvB‡`i nvZ| Kwi‡gi gv_v| Mv‡Qi dj| gv`ivmvi Awdm| gv`ivmvi jvB‡eªix| Lv‡j‡`i wkÿK|
evoxi KvR| evoxi †Pqvi| Beªvnx‡gi `v`v| Kwi‡gi gvZv| eÜzi cÎ| eÜzi fvB| eÜzi †evb| eÜzi eÜz| †ev‡bi
¯^vgx| ¯^vgxi †evb| ¯^vgxi fvB| ¯^vgxi wcZv| ¯^vgxi gvZv| fvB‡qi cyÎ| fvB‡qi Kb¨v| fvB‡qi eÜz| fvB‡qi
`v`v| fvB‡qi `v`x| Kj‡gi wbe| Kj‡gi Kvjx| Kj‡gi wK¬e| Kj‡gi nvZj| nv‡Zi wjLv| R½‡ji wmsn|
R½‡ji e¨vN&ª| b`xi cvwb| mgy‡`ªi Zi½| mgy‡`ªi cvwb| b`xi Zxi| Miæi †jR| Miæi Lv`¨| cvwLi evmv| cvwLi
Wvbv|
2) evsjv Ki:
‫ﺣﺑﯾب ﷲ ـ وﻟﻰ ﷲ ـ ﺻﻔﻰ ﷲ ـ ﺷﻔﯾﻊ ﷲ ـ ﻧﺑﻰ ﷲ ـ رﺳول اﻻﺳﻼم ـ رﺳول اﻻﻧس ـ رﺳول اﻟﺟن ـ رب اﻟﻧﺎس ـ‬
‫ﻣﻠك اﻟﻧﺎس ـ إﻟﮫ اﻟﻧﺎس ـ وﺳواس اﻟﺷﯾطﺎن ـ إﺑن اﻟوزﯾر ـ اﺑن اﻟﻣﻠك ـ ﺧرطوم اﻟﻔﯾل ـ ﺧﺎدم اﻟﺑﯾت ـ ﺳﻛن اﻟﻣدرﺳﺔ ـ‬
‫ﺷﺟر اﻟدار ـ ﻋﻧق ﻋﻣرو ـ ﺑﺎب اﻟﺑﯾت ـ ام ﻛرﯾم ـ ﻧﺳﺞ اﻟﻌﻧﻛﺑوت ـ ﻗﻣﻠﺔ اﻟرأس ـ ﻧﻣﻠﺔ اﻹﻧص ـ ﻋﺿو اﻟﺑدن ـ وﺟﮫ‬
‫ﻛرﯾم ـ ﻧﺎﺻرة ﺣﺑﯾب ـ اﺻﺑﻊ اﻟﻘدم ـ ﺑطن ﻓﻼن ـ ذﻧب اﻟﻔرد ـ ﺷﺟر اﻟﺳﺄج ـ ﺣﻣﺎﻣﺔ اﻟﺑﯾت ـ ﺳﻣك اﻟﺑﺣر ـ ﺷﺟر‬
‫اﻟﺑرﺗﻘﺎل ـ ﻣﻧﻘﺎر اﻟﺑﺎرا ـ ﺳراج اﻟﻠﯾل ـ ﻟﺣم اﻟﺑﻘرة ـ ﺷﺟرة اﻟﺷوك ـ ﺷﺟرة اﻻﻧﺑﺞ ـ ﺻوت اﻟوﻗواق ـ ﺣﺑر اﻟدواة ـ زﻣﯾل‬
‫ﻋﻣرو ـ ﻣدﯾر اﻟﻣدرﺳﺔ ـ أﺳد ﷲ ـ‬
3)evsjv I Aviwe Ki:
The teachers of madrasah, the people of the village, the water of the sea, fishes of the
river, the friend of the people, the enemy of Allah, the capital of the country, the servants
of Allah
 41

37k cvV
iwk‡`i KvMR I BDmy‡di Kjg ‫ﻗرطﺎس رﺷﯾد وﻗﻠم ﯾوﺳف‬ Rashid’s paper and Yusuf’s pen
Lv‡j‡`i †`vqvZ I Kwi‡gi Kjg ‫دواة ﺧﺎﻟد وﻗﻠم ﻛرﯾم‬ Khaled’s ink and Karim’s pen
Mv‡Qi dj A_ev dz‡ji evMvb ‫ﺛﻣر اﻟﺷﺟرة او ﺑﺳﺗﺎن اﻟزھر‬ The fruits of the tree or the flower garden
w`‡bi Av‡jv I iv‡Zi AÜKvi ‫ﻧور اﻟﻧﮭﺎر و ظﻠﻣﺔ اﻟﻠﯾل‬ Daylight and the darkness of night
AvKv‡ki ZviKv ‫ﻛوﻛب اﻟﺳﻣﺎء‬ The stars of the sky
Miæi †jR A_ev k„Mv‡ji †jR ‫ذﻧب اﻟﺑﻘرة او ذﻧب اﻟﺛﻌﻠب‬ The tail of the cow or the tail of the fox
NygvBevi mgq A_ev cixÿvi mgq ‫ﻣﯾﻌﺎد اﻟﻧوم و ﻣﯾﻌﺎد اﻻﺧﺑﺎر‬ The dwellers of the heaven and the dwellers f the hell
‡e‡n‡¯Íi Awaevmx I †`vh‡Li Awaevmx ‫ﺣور اﻟﺟﻧﺔ او اھل اﻟﺟﻧﺔ‬ The ring of gold and the ring of the silver
‡mvbvi AvswU A_ev †ivcvi AvswU ‫أھل اﻟﺟﻧﺔ واھل اﻟﻧﺎر‬ The date of Bagdad and the fruit of Egypt
evM`v‡`i †LRyi I wgm‡ii dj ‫ﺧﺎﺗم اﻟذھب او ﺣﺎﺗم اﻟﻔﺿﺔ‬ The crown of the king ang the scarf of the queen
ivRvi Uzwc I ivYxi Pv`i ‫ﺗﻣر ﺑﻐداد و ﺛﻣر ﻣﺻر‬ Rashid’s paper and Yusuf’s pen
26k Abywkjbx
1) Aviwe I Bs‡iwR Ki:
ivm~‡ji nv`xm I ivm~‡ji K_v| Avjøvni K_v I Avjøvni wKZve| ivm~‡ji K_v A_ev mvnvevi K_v| N‡ii `iRv
A_ev gv`ivmv Rvbvjv| wcZvi Kvco Ges inx‡gi cvqRvgv| †Z‡ji g~j¨ A_ev gv‡`i g~j¨| ïqvi Ni A_ev cwoevi
Kÿ| hv‡q‡`i Kvb I inx‡gi nvZ| Mvavi †jR A_ev Miæi †jR| Miæi wks A_ev QvM‡ji wks| cy¯Í‡Ki KvMR ev
iwn‡gi cy¯ÍK| Kwi‡gi weovj A_ev iwn‡gi weovj| R½‡ji evN A_ev wPwoqvLvbvi evN| N‡ii Qv` A_ev
gv`ivmvi Qv`| Kwi‡gi cv ev iwn‡gi nvZ| †gviMxi wWg Ges cvwLi Qvbv| ivRvi gyKzU A_ev gš¿xi Uzwc| ivRvi
wmsnvmb A_ev gq~i wmsnvmb|
2) evsjv Ki:
‫وﺻدﯾﻘﺔ اﻟﻣﻠﻛﺔ وﺻدﯾق اﻟﻣﻠك ـ ﺗﺎج اﻟﻣﻠك وﺗﺎج اﻟوزﯾر ـ ﻛﺗﺎب ﷲ وﻛﺗﺎب اﻟرﺳول ـ ذﻧب اﻟﺣﻣﺎر وذﻧب اﻟﻔﯾل ـ طﺎﻟب‬
‫اﻟﻣدرﺳﺔ ـ ﺑﻧت اﻻﺑن واﺑن اﻻﺑن ـ ﺑﻧت اﻟﺑﻧت وﺑﻧت اﻻﺑن ـ اﺑن اﻟﺑﻧت وﺑﻧت اﻟﺣﻔﯾد ـ ﻛﺗﺎب ﻛرﯾم وﻗرطﺎس ﺧﺎﻟد ـ دﯾك‬
‫اﻟﺑﻧت ودﯾك اﻟﺳوق ـ ﺳﻣك اﻟﺑﺣر ـ وﺳﻣك اﻟﻧﮭر ـ ﺳﻣك اﻟﺷوق ـ وﺳﻣك اﻟوﻟد ـ ﻟﺣم اﻟﺑﻘرة وﻟﺣم اﻟﺷﺎة ـ ﺑﻧت اﻷﻣرأة‬
‫وﺑﻧت اﻻﺑﻧت ـ وﻟﮫ اﻟﻣﻠك وواﻟد اﻟﻣﻠﻛﺔ ـ ﺻدﯾق ﺣﺑﯾب وﺻدﯾﻘﺔ رﺣﯾم ـ ﺑﺎب اﻟﺳﯾﺎرة وﺑﺎب اﻟطﯾﺎرة ـ ﻗطﺔ رﺣﯾم وﻗطﺔ‬
‫ﺧﺎﻟد ـ ﻗﻣﯾص رﺣﯾم وﺳروال ﺧﺎﻟد ـ ﺷﻣس اﻟﺳﻣﺎء وﺷﻣس اﻻرض‬
3)evsjv I Aviwe Ki:
Rahim’s house, elephant’s trunk, lion’s mane, king’s crown, fox’s tail, ox’s horn, girls’
school, boys’ madrasah, women’s college, karim’s note book
38k cvV
‫ﺿﻣﯾر‬hy³ ‫ﻣﺿﺎف اﻟﯾﮫ‬
Dc‡ii cv‡V Avgiv ‫ ﻣﺿﺎف‬I ‫ ﻣﺿﺎف اﻟﯾﮫ‬DfqwU‡K ‫ اﺳم‬wnmv‡e Av‡jvPbv K‡iwQ| wKš‘ G cv‡V ‫ ﻣﺿﺎف‬c`wU ‫ اﺳم‬Ges
‫ ﻣﺿﺎف اﻟﯾﮫ‬c`wU ‫ ﺿﻣﯾر‬wnmv‡e Av‡jvPbv Kie:
Zvi Kjg ‫ﻗﻠﻣﮫ‬ His pen
Zv‡`i Kjg ‫ﻗﻠﻣﮭم‬ Their pen
‡Zvgv‡`i `yÕR‡bi cy¯ÍK ‫ﻛﺗﺎﺑﻛﻣﺎ‬ The books of both of you
Avgvi nvZ ‫ﯾدى‬ My hand
Zv‡`i `yÕR‡bi Kjg ‫ﻗﻠﻣﮭﻣﺎ‬ The pens of both of you
‡Zvgv‡`i †evb ‫أﺧﺗﻛم‬ Your sister
‡Zvgvi cy¯ÍK ‫ﻛﺗﺎﺑك‬ Your book
‡Zvgv‡`i cy¯ÍK ‫ﻛﺗﺎﺑﻛم‬ Your books
Avgv‡`i nvZx ‫ﻓﯾﻠﻧﺎ‬ Our elephant
‡Zvgvi evox ‫ دارك‬/ ‫ﺑﯾﺗك‬ Your house
‡Zvgv‡`i evox ‫ﺑﯾﺗﻛم‬ Your house
 42

Zv‡`i evox ‫ﺑﯾﺗﮭم‬ Their house

Avgv‡`i evox ‫ﺑﯾﺗﻧﺎ‬ Our house
27k Abywkjbx
1) Aviwe I Bs‡iwR Ki:
‡Zvgvi nvZ| †Zvgvi cv| Zvi fwMœ| Avgvi †evb| †Zvgvi nvZ| †Zvgvi nvZwU| Avgvi gvZv| Avgvi gv_v| †Zvgvi
nv‡Zi Zvjy| †Zvgvi evwjKv| †Zvgvi evwjKvwU| †Zvgv‡`i KjgwU| †Zvgv‡`i Kjg| Avgv‡`i wmsnwU| Avgv‡`i
wmsn| †Zvgv‡`i MvQ| †Zvgv‡`i MvQwU| †Zvgvi AšÍi| †Zvgvi AšÍiLvbv| †Zvgv‡`i `yBR‡bi cy¯ÍK| Avgvi Kjg|
†Zvgv‡`i Kjg| Avgv‡`i evjK| †Zvgv‡`i `yBR‡bi †gviM| †Zvgvi ¯¿x| †Zvgvi †NvovwU| †Zvgvi gv| Avgv‡`i
Kb¨v| Avgv‡`i 2wU Kb¨v| †Zvgv‡`i gv`ivmv| Avgv‡`i `yBR‡bi ‡evb| †Zvgvi DUwU| †Zvgv‡`i gvZv| Avgv‡`i
`v`v| †Zvgv‡`i `v`x| †Zvgv‡`i MvavwU| Avcbvi PvKiwU| Zv‡`i gwnl| †Zvgvi ¯¿xMY| Zvi ¯¿x Po–B cvwL| Zvi
¯¿xi †UwejwU| Avgvi KvK| Avgv‡`i KvKwU|
2) evsjv Ki:
‫ﺳﻛﻧك ـ ﺳﻛﻧﺎ ـ ﺷﺟرﻛﻣﺎ ـ ﺷﺟرﻛم ـ ﻛﺗﺎﺑﻧﺎ ـ ﻛﺗﺎﺑك ـ ﻛﺗﺎﺑﮭم ـ ﺑﺎﺑﮫ ـ ﺑﺎﺑﻧﺎ ـ ﺑﺎﺑﻛﻣﺎ ـ ﻣﻛﺗﺑﻰ ـ طﺎوﻟﺗﻛم ـ ﻓﺿﻠﮭم ـ ﻧﺟﻣﮭم ـ‬
‫ﻧﺟﻣﻛم ـ ﺑﯾﺗﻛم ـ اﺳﺗﺎذك ـ ﺧﺎدﻣﻰ ـ اﺑﻧﻧﺎ ـ ھﻼﻟﻧﺎ ـ ﺷﻣﺳﺎ ـ ﻛراﺳﺗﻛم ـ ﺷﺑﺎﺑﻛم ـ ﻓﺗﯾﺎﺗﻧﺎ ـ رﺟﻠﻰ ـ زوﺟﻧﻰ ـ ﻋﯾﻧك ـ‬
‫ﺧﻠﯾﻠﮭﻣﺎ ـ ﺣﻔﯾدك ـ ﻋروﺳك ـ ﺑﻌودﺗﻛم ـ ﻋﻣﺗﻧﺎ ـ ﻣﻠﻛﻧﺎ ـ ﺟدھﻣﺎ ـ ﻧﺑﯾﻧﺎ ـ رﺳوﻟﻧﺎ ـ ﻋرﯾﺳﺗﮭﺎ‬
3)evsjv I Aviwe Ki:
Our cows, their oxen, your horses, my books, your cousins, their family, our classmates, his
daughters, her husband, my grandparents, our village
39k cvV
‡Zvgvi nvZ Ges Avgvi cv ‫ﯾدك و رﺟﻠﻰ‬ Your hand and my leg
‡Zvgv‡`i gv`ivmv I Avgvi evox ‫ﻣدرﺳﺗﻛم و ﺑﯾﺗﻰ‬ Your madrasah and my house
‡Zvgv‡`i nwiYwU A_ev Zv‡`i Mvfx ‫ﻏزاﻟﻛم أو ﺑﻘرﺗﮭم‬ The deer of yours or their cow
Avgv‡`i evoxwU Ges †Zvgvi NiwU ‫دارﻧﺎ و ﺑﯾﺗك‬ The house of ours and the house of yours
‡Zvgvi wcZv I gvZv ‫اﺑوك واﻣك‬ Your parents
‡Zvgvi †evb I Avgvi †evb ‫اﺧﺗك واﺧﺗﻰ‬ Your sister and my sister
‡Zvgvi Miæ Ges Zvi gwnl ‫ﺑﻘرﺗك و ﺟﺎﻣوﺳﮫ‬ Your cow and his buffalo
‡Zvgvi Kjg I Zvi KvMR ‫ﻗﻠﻣك و ﻗرطﺎﺳك‬ Your pen and his paper
†Zvgv‡`i gvZv I Zv‡`i wcZv ‫اﻣﻛم و واﻟدھم‬ Your mother and their father
Avgv‡`i †gviM I Zv‡`i gyiMx ‫دﯾﻛﻧﺎ و رﺟﺎﺟﺗﮭم‬ Our cock and their hen
28k Abywkjbx
1) Aviwe I Bs‡iwR Ki:
‡Zvgvi wkÿK I Avgvi wkÿK| Zv‡`i Kjg I Avgv‡`i LvZv| †Zvgvi KvMR I Zvi Kjg| Zv‡`i †Uwej A_ev
Avgvi †Pqvi| Zvi Mjv I †Zvgvi wRnev| Zvi `vox I †Zvgvi Pzj| Avgvi Pÿz A_ev Zvi Kvb| Avgv‡`i ivm~j I
†Zvgv‡`i ivm~j| Zvi evox ev †Zvgvi Kÿ| Avgv‡`i mv_x I †Zvgv‡`i wkÿK| †Zvgvi QvÎ I Zvi QvÎx| †Zvgvi
wkÿK I †Zvgvi wkÿqÎx| Zvi cvwL A_ev †Zvgvi gq~i|
2) evsjv Ki:
‫ﺳﻛﻧﺎ وﺳﻛﻧﻛم ـ ﯾدى وﯾدك ـ ﺷﺟرﺗﮫ وﺷﺟرﺗﮭﺎ ـ ﻧﺟﻣﻧﺎ وﻧﺟﻣﻛم ـ ﺑﻧﺗﻰ وﺑﻧﺗﮫ ـ ﻗﻠﻣﻰ وﻗرطﺎﺳﻰ ـ ﺣﻣﺎرﻧﺎ وﺣﻣﺎرﻛم ـ‬
‫رﺳﺎﻟﺗﻧﺎ ورﺳﺎﻟﺗﻰ ـ ﻣرأﺗﻧﺎ و ﻣرأﺗﮫ ـ زوﺟﺗﮫ و زوﺟﺗﮭﺎ ـ ﺑﻠدﻧﺎ وﺑﻠدﻧﻛم ـ ﺑﺳﺗﺎﻧﮭﻣﺎ وﺑﺳﺗﺎﻧﻛﻣﺎ ـ اﺧﺗﮫ واﺑﻧﮫ ـ اﺳﺗﺎذﻛم‬
‫واﺳﺗﺎذه ـ ﻣﻌﻠﻣﮭم وﻣﻌﻠﻣﻧﺎ ـ ﺛورﻧﺎ وﺛوره ـ ﺷﺟرﺗﮭم وﺷﺟرﺗﻧﺎ ـ واﻟدﻧﺎ وواﻟدﺗﻧﺎ ـ واﻟده و واﻟدﺗﮫ ـ واﻟدھﺎ وواﻟدﺗﮭﻣﺎ ـ‬
‫رﺳوﻟﮫ و رﺳوﻟﻛم ـ ﺛﻣره وزھرﻧﺎ ـ ﻟﺑﺎﺳﻛم وﻟﺑﺎﺳﮫ ـ دواﺗﮫ وﻗﻠﻣﮫ ـ ﻛﺗﺎﺑﻛم وﻛﺗﺎﺑﮭم ـ ﻗﻠﻣﻧﺎ وﻛراﺳﺗﮭم ـ‬
3)evsjv I Aviwe Ki:
your book and my pen, my teacher and his students, your father and my uncle, their
horses and our cows, his friends or my classmates, your madrasha or our school.
 43

40k cvV
(1) ‫ھﻦ ـ ﺣﻢ ـ اب ـ اخ‬BZ¨vw` k‡ãi †klvÿi †_‡K ‫† واو‬K wejyß Kiv n‡q‡Q| hw` Dnv‡`i‡K ‫ ﻣﺿﺎف‬wn‡m‡e e¨envi
Kiv nq, Z‡e Dnv‡`i †klvÿ‡i ‫ واو‬hy³ n‡e| H kã¸wj h_vµ‡g g~jZ: ‫ ﺣﻣو ـ اﺑوـﺎﺧو ـ ھﻧو‬wQj| †hgb- hv‡q‡`i
fvB ‫ اﺧو زﯾد‬Kwi‡gi fvB ‫ اﺧو ﻛرﯾم‬iwn‡gi wcZv ‫ اﺑو رﺣﯾم‬kv‡n‡`i kvïo ‫ﺣﻣو ﺷﺎھد‬Kwi‡gi ¸ßv½- ‫ھﻧو ﻛرﯾم‬
(2) ‫ ﻣﺿﺎف‬hw` ‫ ﺗﺛﻧﯾﺔ‬nq, Z‡e ‫ ﺗﺛﻧﯾﺔ‬nq wPý‫ ان‬n‡Z ‫ ِن‬c‡o hv‡e| h_v: ‫ ﻗﻠﻣﺎ زﯾد‬hv‡q‡`i `yÕwU Kjg| D`vni‡Y ‫ﻗﻠﻣﺎ‬
kãwU ‫ ﻗﻠﻣﺎن‬wQj| wKš‘ ‫ ﻣﺿﺎف‬nIqvi Kvi‡b ‫ ن‬wU c‡o hvIqv‡Z ‫ ﻗﻠﻣﺎ‬n‡q‡Q|
Avjøvni `yBRb ivm~j ‫رﺳوﻻ ﷲ‬ Two prophets of Allah
Avjøvni `yBwU wKZve ‫ﻛﺗﺎﺑﺎ ﷲ‬ Two books of Allah
ivm~‡ji `yBRb mnPi ‫رﻓﯾﻘﺎ اﻟرﺳول‬ Two companions of the prophet
ivm~‡ji `yBRb mvnvex ‫ﺻﺣﺎﺑﯾﺎ اﻟرﺳول‬ Two companions of the prophet
Kwi‡gi `yBwU Pÿz ‫ﻋﯾﻧﺎ ﻛرﯾم‬ Two eyes of Karim
Lv‡j‡`i `yBRb eÜz ‫زﻣﯾﻼ ﺧﺎﻟد‬ Two friends of Khaled
Av‡e‡`i `yBwU nvZ ‫ﯾدا ﻋﺎﺑد‬ Two hands of Abed
Miæi `yBwU wks ‫ﻗرﻧﺎ اﻟﺑﻘرة‬ Two horns of the cow
gvby‡li `yBwU cv ‫رﺟﻼ اﻻﻧﺳﺎن‬ Two legs of man
hv‡q‡`i `yBwU Kvb ‫أذﻧﺎ زﯾد‬ Two ears of Jayed
29k Abywkjbx
1) Aviwe I Bs‡iwR Ki:
hvB‡`i `yBRb eÜz| Kwi‡gi `yBwU †Q‡j| iwn‡gi `yBwU Kb¨v| Avgvi `yBwU Kb¨v| Zvi `yBwU †Q‡j| †Zvgvi `yBwU
QvÎ| hvB‡`i `yBwU cy¯ÍK| N‡ii `yBwU ¯Í¤¢| iwngvi `yBwU Pÿz| gvby‡li `yBwU cv| ingv‡bi `yBwU Av½yj| N‡ii
`yBwU †PŠKU| Lv‡j‡`i `yBwU wPiæbx| Avi‡ei `yBwU mgy`ª| cvnv‡oi `yBwU cvwL| R½‡ji `yBwU evN| ev‡Ni `yBwU
Pÿz| iv‡k‡`i `yBLvbv Kvco| nvweevi `yBRb `v`v| jvB‡eªixi `yBwU cy¯ÍK| gv`ivmvi `yBwU QvÎ| hvB‡`i `yBwU
PvKz| evMv‡bi `yBwU dzj| evMv‡bi `yBwU MvQ| iwk‡`i `yBwU eÜzK| gvby‡li `yBwU Pÿz| mgy‡`ªi 2wU gvQ| AvKv‡ki
`yBwU Puv`| wKZv‡ei `yBwU m~PxcÎ| Zvi `yBRb fwMœ| Zv‡`i `yBwU Kjg| hvB‡`i 2wU bvg|
2) evsjv Ki:
‫اﺧوا ﺧﺎﻟد ـ اﺑﻧﺎ رﺷﯾد ـ زوﺟﺗﺎ ﺧﺎﻟد ـ اﺑﻧﺎه ـ ﺑﻧﺗﺎ ﻛرﯾم ـ اﺑﻧﺗﺎ ﺧﺎﻟد ـ اﺑو رﺣﯾم ـ ﺑﺎﺑﺎ اﻟطﯾﺎرة ـ ﺑﺎﺑﺎ اﻟﺳﯾﺎرة ـ اذﻧﺎ اﻻﻧﺳﺎن‬
‫ـ رﺟﻼ اﻟﺑﻘرة ـ اﺑﻧﺎ اﻻﺳﺗﺎذ ـ رﻓﯾﻘﺎ اﻟﺟﯾب ـ ﺻدﯾﻘﺎ اﻟﻣﺣﺑوب ـ ﻋﺑدا اﻟدار ـ ﻋﺑدا اﻟﺣﺑﯾب ـ ورﻗﺗﺎ اﻟدﻓﺗر ـ ﺛﻌﻠﺑﺎ اﻟﻐﺎﺑﺔ ـ‬
‫ﻧﺟﻣﺎ اﻟﺳﻣﺎء ـ ﺑﺳﺗﺎﻧﺎ اﻟطﺎﺋر ـ اذﻧﺎ اﻟطﻔل ـ ﻋﯾﻧﺎ اﻟﺣﯾﺔ ـ ﻏﺻﻧﺎ اﻟﺷﺟرة ـ ﻣﻠﻌﺑﺎ اﻟﻠﻌب ـ ﯾوﻣﺎ اﻟﻌﯾد ـ إرام اﻟﻣﺳﺟد ـ ﺳﯾد‬
‫اﻟﻘوم ـ ﻣﻠﻛﺎ اﻟوﺣوش ـ ﺗﻠﻣﯾذا اﻟﻣﻌﮭد ـ ﺟﻠدا اﻟﺑﻘرة ـ أﺑﻧﺎك ـ ﻣﻌﻠﻣﻧﺎه ـ ﻧﮭرا اﻟﺑﻠد ـ ﺑﺣرا اﻟوطن‬
3)evsjv I Aviwe Ki:
Two stars of the sky, two teachers of the madrasha, two boys of the family, two farmers of the
village, two friends of the city, two girls of the school
41k cvV
‡Zvgvi fvB I Kwi‡gi †Q‡j ‫أﺧوك واﺑن ﻛرﯾم‬ Your brother and Karim’s son
‡Zvgvi 2fvB I Kwi‡gi 2 †Q‡j ‫اﺧواك واﺑﻧﺎ ﻛرﯾم‬ Your two brothers and two sons of Karim
‡jvKwUi Pÿz A_ev †g‡qwUi nvZ ‫ﻋﯾن اﻟرﺟل وﯾد اﻟﻣرأة‬ The eye of the man and the hand of the girl
‡jvKwUi Pÿz 2wU A_ev †g‡qwUi 2wU nvZ ‫ﻋﯾﻧﺎ اﻟرﺟل او ﯾدا اﻟﺑﻧت‬ The two eyes of the man and the two hands of the girl
mgy‡`ªi gvQwU A_ev b`xi †R‡jwU ‫ﺳﻣك اﻟﺑﺣر او ﺻﯾﺎد اﻟﻧﮭر‬ The fish of the sea and the fisherman of the river
mgy‡`ªi gvQ 2wU A_ev b`xi †R‡j 2wU ‫ﺳﻣﻛﺎ اﻟﺑﺣر وﺻﯾﺎدا اﻟﻧﮭر‬ The two fish of the sea and the two fishermen of the river
kv‡n`vi nvZ `yBwU I Kwigvi Pÿz 2wU ‫ﯾدا ﺷﺎھدة وﻋﯾﻧﺎ ﻛرﯾﻣﺔ‬ The two hands of Shaheda and the two eyes of Karima
erm‡ii `yBgvm I igRv‡bi `yBw`b ‫ﺷﮭر اﻟﺳﻧﺔ وﯾوﻣﺎ رﻣﺿﺎن‬ Two months of the year and two days of Ramadan
dR‡ii `yB ivKvZ I gvMwi‡ei `yB ivKvZ ‫رﻛﻌﺗﺎ اﻟﻔﺟر و رﻛﻌﺗﺎ اﻟﻣﻐرب‬ Two rakats of Fazr and two rakats of Magrib
gvby‡li `yBwU cv I †gvi‡Mi `yBwU cv ‫رﺟﻼ اﻻﻧﺳﺎن ورﺟﻼ اﻟدﯾك‬ Two legs of man and two legs of the cock
‡Q‡j I †g‡qwUi Dfq Pÿz ‫ﻋﯾﻧﺎ اﻟوﻟد واﻟﺑﻧت‬ Both eyes of the boy and the girl
Kwig I iwn‡gi 2 eÜz ‫ﺣﺑﯾﺑﺎ ﻛرﯾم ورﺣﯾم‬ Two friends of Karim and Rahim
nvwee I iwd‡Ki `yB nvZ ‫ﯾدا ﺣﺑﯾب ورﻓﯾق‬ Two hands of Habib and Rafik
kwdK I Avg‡ii 2wU cv ‫رﺟﻼﺷﻔﯾق وﻋﻣرو‬ Two legs of Shafik and Amar
dwi` I Rwm‡gi 2wU Av½yj ‫إﺻﺑﻌﺎ ﻓرﯾد و ﺟﺳﯾم‬ Two fingers of Farid and Jasim
 44

30k Abywkjbx
1) Aviwe I Bs‡iwR Ki:
Kwi‡gi wcZv I nvex‡ei gvZv| †Zvgvi `yBwU bvwZ I Kwi‡gi 2wU Kb¨v| Lv‡j‡`i 2wU Kb¨v I Lv‡j`vi 2wU †Q‡j|
†Zvgvi QvÎ 2wU A_ev Zvnvi QvÎx 2wU| cyKz‡ii `yBwU gvQ I mgy‡`ªi 2wU Kzwgi| iwk‡`i `ywU PvKi I iwk`vi 2wU
PvKivbx| hv‡q‡`i `yBwU KbyB I iwk‡`i `yBwU Kvb| †Zvgvi `yBwU cv A_ev Avgvi `yBwU cv| †Zvgv‡`i `yBwU nwiY
I Zv‡`i `yBwU Mvfx| Avgv‡`i `yBwU evox I †Zvgv‡`i `yBwU Ni| †Zvgvi `yBwU fvB A_ev Avgvi `yBwU †evb|
Zv‡`i 2wU Miæ I †Zvgv‡`i 2wU gwnl| †Zvgv‡`i `yÕRb wkÿK I Avgv‡`i `yÕRb wkÿvqÎx| Zvi `yBwU Po–B cvwL I
†Zvgvi 2wU cvwL| evjK I evwjKvi `yBwU cy¯ÍK| kwdK I Lv‡j‡`i `yB fvB| kv‡n`v I kv‡Kivi `yBwU Kjg|
†gviM I gyiMxi `yBwU Pÿz| Kwig I iwn‡gi 2wU Kvb|
2) evsjv Ki:
‫واﻟد ﻛرﯾم ورﺣﯾم ـ اﺑﻧﺎ ﺧﺎﻟد ورﺣﯾم ـ اﺳدا اﻧﺗم وﺣﺑﯾب ـ ﺷﺟرﺗﺎ اﻻﺑن واﻟﺑﻧت ـ ﻛﺎﺋﺳﺎ زﯾد وﻋﻣرو ـ طﺎوﻟﺗﺎ اﻟرﺟل‬
‫واﻟﻣرأة ـ رﻛﻌﺗﺎ اﻟﻔﺟر واﻟظﮭر ـ ﻋﻧﻘﺎ زﯾد وﻋﻣرو ـ ذﻧﺑﺎ اﻟﺑﻘرة واﻟﺣﻣﺎر ـ ﻗﻠﻣﺎ ﻛرﯾم وﻗرطﺎﺳﺎ ﺧﺎﻟد ـ ﺛﻌﻠﺑﺎ اﻟﻐﺎﺑﺔ‬
‫وﺣﻣﺎرا اﻟﺣﯾواﻧﺎت ـ ﯾدا ﻛرﯾم واذﻧﺎ رﺣﯾم ـ ﺣذاء رﺣﯾم وﺛوﺑﺎ ﺧﺎﻟد ـ ﺷﺟرﺗﺎ اﻟﺑﯾت وﺳﺎﺟﺎ اﻟدار ـ ﻣروﺣﺗﺎ اﻟﺣﺑﯾب‬
‫وﻣروﺣﺔ اﻟﺻﺎدق ـ زوﺟﺗﺎ اﻟرﺟل واﺑﻧﺎ ﺧﺎﻟد ـ اﺧﺗﺎ اﻟﺻدﯾق واﺧوا اﻟرﻓﯾق ـ ﺷﺑﻛﺗﺎ اﻟﺳﻣك او ﺳﺑﻛﺗﺎ اﻷﺳد‬
3)evsjv I Aviwe Ki:
Two sisters of Jayed, Two brothers of Sami, two ears of the hare, two horns of the buffalo, two tails
of the cow, two eyes of the cat, two friends of mine, two sons of the men
42k cvV
‡Zvgvi cyÎ I †Zvgvi Kb¨v ‫اﺑﻧك واﺑﻧﺗك‬ Your son and daughter
‡Zvgvi `yBwU Kb¨v I 2wU cyÎ ‫وﺑﻧﺗﺎك واﺑﻧﺎك‬ Your two daughters and two sons
Zvi `yBwU Kjg I †Zvgvi `yBwU LvZv ‫ﻗﻠﻣﺎه ودﻓﺗراك‬ His two pens and your two notebooks
Zvi `yBwU †Q‡j I †Zvgvi `yBwU Kb¨v ‫ﺑﻧﺎه وﺑﻧﺗﺎك‬ His two boys and your two daughters
‡Zvgvi Miæ I hv‡q‡`i gwnl ‫ﺑﻘرﺗك وﺟﺎﻣوس زﯾد‬ Your cow and the buffalo of Jayed
‡Zvgvi cyÎ I Kwi‡gi Kb¨v ‫اﺑﻧك وﺑﻧت ﻛرﯾم‬ Your son and Karim’s daughter
kwd‡Ki eÜz I iwngvi evÜex ‫ﺻدﯾق ﺷﻔﯾق وﺻدﯾﻘﺔ رﺣﻣﺔ‬ Shafik’s friend and Rahima’s friend
Rv‡n‡`i `yBRb `ylgb I nvwe‡ei `yBRb eÜz ‫ﻋدوا ﺟﺎھد وﺻدﯾﻘﺎ ﺣﺑﯾب‬ Two enemies of Jahed and two friends of Habiba
hv‡q‡`i `yB ¯¿x I nvweevi `yBwU Kb¨v ‫زوﺟﺗﺎ زﯾد و ﺑﻧﺗﺎ ﺣﺑﯾب‬ Two wives of Jayed and two daughters of Habiba
‡Zvgvi `yBRb PvPv I Lv‡j‡`i `yBRb PvPx ‫ﻋﻣك وﻋﻣﺗﺎ ﺧﺎﻟد‬ Your two uncles and two aunts of Khaled
kwd‡Ki 2wU †Q‡j I `yB Kb¨ ‫وﻟدا ﺷﻔﯾق وﺑﻧﺗﺎه‬ Two sons and two daughters of Shafik
31k Abywkjbx
1) Aviwe I Bs‡iwR Ki:
cvwLi `yB Wvbv A_ev gq~‡ii `yBwU cv| cvnv‡oi `yBwU MvQ I evoxi `yBwU †m¸b MvQ| hv‡q‡`i `yBwU †Zvqv‡j I
Avg‡ii `yBwU †jc| Avgvi `yBwU Uzwc I nvi 2wU gyKzU| †Zvgvi `yBwU weQvbv ¦‡es Kwigvi `yBwU †jc| Lvwj‡`i `yB
fvB I `yB fwMœ| †Zvgvi `yBwU Rvbvjv I `yBwU `iRv| Kwi‡gi `yBwU Ni A_ev `yBwU evox| kv‡n`vi `yBwU cv A_ev
`yBwU nvZ| QvM‡ji `yBwU Pvgov A_ev Miæi `yBwU wks| Zv‡`i `yBwU cv_i I †Zvgv‡`i `yBwU Pÿz| mygvBqvi `yBwU
iæwU I `yBwU gvQ| mvjgv‡bi `yBwU Mvfx ev `yBwU gwnl| Zvi `yBRb ¯^vgx I `yBRb ¯¿x|
2) evsjv Ki:
‫ﺧطﯾﺑﺎ اﻟﻣﺳﺟد وﺧﺎدﻣﺎه ـ ﺑﻧﺗﺎ ﺧﺎﻟد واﺑﻧﺎ ﻛرﯾم ـ ﺣﺟرا ﻣﻛﺔ وﺷﺟرا اﻟﻣدﯾﻧﺔ ـ ﺣﻔﯾدا اﻟرﺳول وﺑﻧﺗﺎه ـ ﺻﻔﺣﺎ اﻟﻛﺗﺎب‬
‫وورﻗﺗﺎه ـ أﺑﻧﺎ زﯾد وﺑﻧﺗﺎ ﻋﻣرو ـ ﺟﺎﻣوﺳﺎ اﻟﺑﻠد وﺑﻘرﺗﺎ اﻟﻘرﯾﺔ ـ ﻣﺟرا اﻷرض وﻧﮭراھﺎ ـ ﻛﺗﺎﺑﺎ اﻟﺻدﯾق وﻗﻠﻣﺎه ـ ﺳﻣﻛﺎ‬
‫اﻟﻌﺑد وطﯾرا رﺣﯾم ـ ﺣﻣﺎرا اﻟﺳﻠطﺎن ـ راﻛﺑﺎ اﻟﺳﻔﯾﻧﺔ وﺳﺎﺋﻘﺎ اﻟﺣﺎﻓﻠﺔ ـ ﺳﺎﺋﻘﺎ اﻟﺑﺎﺣرة وراﻛﺑﺎھﺎ ـ دراﺟﺗﺎ ﻋﻣرو وﺳﻔﯾﻧﺗﺎ‬
‫ﺷﻔﯾق ـ ﻣﺷﺎﺗﺎ ﻛرﯾم وﺑﻐﺎﻻ اﻟﺻدﯾق ـ دﯾﻛﺎ اﻟﺳﺎﺋق ودﺟﺎﺟﺗﺎ ﺧﺎﻟدة ـ ﺑﻧﺗﺎ ﻋﻣرو وأﺑﻧﺎ ﺧﺎﻟد ـ ﻏراﺑﺎ اﻟﻘرﯾﺔ وﻓرﺳﺎھﺎ ـ‬
‫ﺣﻣﺎرا اﻟﻐﺎﺑﺔ وﺣﻣﺎرا اﻟﻘرﯾﺔ ـ‬
3)evsjv I Aviwe Ki:
My two books and your two pens, Our two cows or your two horses, two houses of Rahim or
two gardens of Karim, two brothers of Samira or two sisters of Samir, two caps of the boy or
two beg of the girl
 ‫‪45‬‬

‫‪43 k cvV‬‬
‫)©_‪ (kãv‬اﻟﻣﻔردات‬
‫واﺣد‬ ‫ﻣﻌﻧﻰ‬ ‫‪English‬‬ ‫ﺗﺛﻧﯾﺔ‬ ‫ﺟﻣﻊ‬
‫ﺣداد‬ ‫‪Kvgvi‬‬ ‫‪blacksmith‬‬ ‫ﺣدادان‬ ‫ﺣدادون‬
‫ﺻﺎﺋﻎ‬ ‫‪¯^Y©Kvi‬‬ ‫‪goldsmith‬‬ ‫ﺻﺎﺋﻐﺎن‬ ‫ﺻﺎﺋﻐون‬
‫ﻏﺳﱠﺎل‬ ‫‪‡avcv‬‬ ‫‪washerman‬‬ ‫ﻏﺳﺎﻻن‬ ‫ﻏﺳﺎﻟون‬
‫ﺻﯾﺎد‬ ‫‪†R‡j‬‬ ‫‪fisherman‬‬ ‫ﺻﯾﺎدان‬ ‫ﺻﯾﺎدون‬
‫ﺣذاء‬ ‫‪gywP‬‬ ‫‪cobbler‬‬ ‫ﺣذاءان‬ ‫ﺣذاﺋون‬
‫ﻧﺟﺎر‬ ‫‪m~Îai, QzZvi‬‬ ‫‪carpenter‬‬ ‫ﻧﺟﺎران‬ ‫ﻧﺟﺎرون‬
‫ﺗﺎﺟر‬ ‫‪e¨emvqx‬‬ ‫‪businessman‬‬ ‫ﺗﺎﺟران‬ ‫ﺗﺎﺟرون‬
‫ﺧﺎﻧوﺗﻰ‬ ‫‪‡`vKv›`vi‬‬ ‫‪shopkeeper‬‬ ‫ﺧﺎﻧوﺗﯾﺎن‬ ‫ﺧﺎﻧوﺗﯾون‬
‫ﺟوھرى‬ ‫‪gwbKvi‬‬ ‫‪jeweler‬‬ ‫ﺟوھران‬ ‫ﺟوھرون‬
‫ﻛﻧﺎس‬ ‫‪Svo–`vi‬‬ ‫‪sweeper‬‬ ‫ﻛﻧﺎﺳﺎن‬ ‫ﻛﻧﺎﺳون‬
‫راﻋﻰ‬ ‫‪ivLvj‬‬ ‫‪cowboy‬‬ ‫راﻋﯾﺎن‬ ‫راﻋﯾون‬
‫راﻋﻰ اﻟﻘطﯾﻊ‬ ‫‪‡gl iÿK‬‬ ‫‪shepherd‬‬
‫ﺑﺎﺋﻊ ﺗﺟول‬ ‫‪‡dixIqvjv‬‬ ‫‪hawker‬‬ ‫ﺑﺎﺋﻌﺎن‬ ‫ﺑﺎﺋﻌون‬
‫ﻓﻼح‬ ‫‪K…lK‬‬ ‫‪farmer‬‬ ‫ﻓﻼﺣﺎن‬ ‫ﻓﻼﺣون‬
‫ﺧﯾﺎط‬ ‫©‪`wR‬‬ ‫‪tailor‬‬ ‫ﺧﯾﺎطﺎن‬ ‫ﺧﯾﺎطون‬
‫ﺳﻣﺳﺎر‬ ‫‪`vjvj‬‬ ‫‪broker‬‬ ‫ﺳﻣﺳﺎران‬ ‫ﺳﻣﺳﺎرون‬
‫ﻋﺎﻣل‬ ‫‪gRyi‬‬ ‫‪laborer‬‬ ‫ﻋﺎﻣﻼن‬ ‫ﻋﺎﻣﻠون‬
‫ﺑدال‬ ‫‪gy`x‬‬ ‫‪grocer‬‬ ‫ﺑداﻻن‬ ‫ﺑداﻟون‬
‫اﺳﻛﺎف‬ ‫‪gywP‬‬ ‫‪cobbler‬‬ ‫اﺳﻛﺎﻓﺎن‬ ‫اﺳﻛﺎﻓﺎت‬
‫ﻛﺎﺗب‬ ‫‪‡Kivbx‬‬ ‫‪clerk‬‬ ‫ﻛﺎﺗﺑﺎن‬ ‫ﻛﺎﺗﺑون‪ ,‬ﻛﺗﺎب‬
‫طﺑﯾب‬ ‫‪Wv³vi‬‬ ‫‪doctor‬‬ ‫طﺑﯾﺑﺎن‬ ‫طﺑﯾﻧون‪ ,‬اطﺑﺎء‬
‫ﻣﻣرﺿﺔ‬ ‫©‪‡mweKv/bvm‬‬ ‫‪nurse‬‬ ‫ﻣﻣرﺿﺗﺎن‬ ‫ﻣﻣرﺿﺎت‬
‫ﺣﺎزق‬ ‫‪AwfÁ‬‬ ‫‪experienced‬‬ ‫ﺣﺎزﻗﺎن‬ ‫ﺣزاق‪/‬ﺣﺎزﻗون‬
‫ﻣﺻﻧف‬ ‫‪wjLK‬‬ ‫‪writer‬‬ ‫ﻣﺻﻧﻔﺎن‬ ‫ﻣﺻﻧﻔون‬
‫ﻣﻌﻠﻣﺔ‬ ‫‪wkÿqÎx‬‬ ‫‪teacher‬‬ ‫ﻣﻌﻠﻣﺗﺎن‬ ‫ﻣﻌﻠﻣﺎت‬
‫ﺣﺎرس‬ ‫‪‡PŠwK`vi‬‬ ‫‪guard‬‬ ‫ﺣﺎرﺳﺎن‬ ‫ﺣﺎرﺳون‬
‫ﺛﻘﺎب‬ ‫‪NUK‬‬ ‫‪matchmaker‬‬ ‫ﺛﻘﺎﺑﺎن‬ ‫ﺛﻘﺎﺑون‬
‫ﺣﺎرث‬ ‫‪cvnviv`vi‬‬ ‫‪guard‬‬ ‫ﺣﺎرﺛﺎن‬ ‫ﺣﺎرﺛون‬
‫ﺑواب‬ ‫‪ØviiÿK‬‬ ‫‪doorkeeper‬‬ ‫ﺑوان‬ ‫ﺑواﺑون‬
‫رﺳﺎم‬ ‫‪wkíx‬‬ ‫‪artist‬‬ ‫رﺳﺎﻣﺎن‬ ‫رﺳﺎﻣون‬
‫زﯾﺎق‬ ‫‪dzj‬‬ ‫‪flower‬‬ ‫زﯾﺎﻗﺎن‬ ‫زﯾﺎﻗون‬
‫ﺧﻼق‬ ‫‪bvwcZ‬‬ ‫‪hair dresser‬‬ ‫ﺧﻼﻗﺎن‬ ‫ﺧﻼﻗون‬
‫ﺣزاق‬ ‫‪Kzgvi‬‬ ‫‪potter‬‬ ‫ﺣزاﻗﺎن‬ ‫ﺣزاﻗون‬
‫ﺣﯾﺎك‬ ‫‪ZvZx‬‬ ‫‪weaver‬‬ ‫ﺣﯾﺎﻛﺎن‬ ‫ﺣﯾﺎﻛون‬
‫ﺣﺎﺋك‬ ‫‪ZvZx‬‬ ‫‪weaver‬‬ ‫ﺣﺎﺋﻛﺎن‬ ‫ﺣﺎﺋﻛون‬
‫ﻣؤﻟف‬ ‫‪MÖš’Kvi‬‬ ‫‪author‬‬ ‫ﻣؤﻟﻔﺎن‬ ‫ﻣؤﻟﻔون‬
‫ﺑﻧﺎء‬ ‫‪ivRwg¯¿x‬‬ ‫‪mason‬‬ ‫ﺑﻧﺎءان‬ ‫ﺑﻧﺎءون‬
‫طﺑﺎخ‬ ‫‪cuvPK‬‬ ‫‪cook‬‬ ‫طﺑﺎﺧﺎن‬ ‫طﺑﺎﺧون‬
‫ﻗﺻﺎب‬ ‫‪KmvB‬‬ ‫‪butcher‬‬ ‫ﻗﺻﺎﺑﺎن‬ ‫ﻗﺻﺎﺑون‬
‫ﺑﻘﺎل‬ ‫‪gy`x‬‬ ‫‪grocer‬‬ ‫ﺑﻘﺎﻻن‬ ‫ﺑﻘﺎﻟون‬
‫ﻣرﺿﻌﺔ‬ ‫‪avÎx‬‬ ‫‪midwife‬‬ ‫ﻣرﺿﻌﺗﺎن‬ ‫ﻣرﺿﻌﺎت‬
‫ﺳﺎﺋل‬ ‫‪wfÿzK‬‬ ‫‪beggar‬‬ ‫ﺳﺎﺋﻼن‬ ‫ﺳﺎﺋﻠون‬
 46

‫رﺳﺎم‬ wPÎKi painter ‫رﺳﺎﻣﺎن‬ ‫رﺳﺎﻣون‬

‫دھﺎن‬ wPÎKi painter ‫دھﺎﻧﺎن‬ ‫دھﺎﻧون‬
‫ﻏواص‬ Wzeywi diver ‫ﻏواﺻﺎن‬ ‫ﻏواﺻون‬
‫ﺳﻣﺎك‬ ‡R‡j fisherman ‫ﺳﻣﺎﻛﺎن‬ ‫ﺳﻣﺎﻛون‬
‫ﻣﻼح‬ gvwS boatman ‫ﻣﻼﺣﺎن‬ ‫ﻣﻼﺣون‬
‫ﺳﻧﻣﺎر‬ wg¯¿x carpenter ‫ﺳﻧﻣﺎران‬ ‫ﺳﻧﻣﺎرون‬
‫ﻟﺑﺎن‬ ‡Rvqvj assistant ‫ﻟﺑﺎﻧﺎن‬ ‫ﻟﺑﺎﻧون‬
‫ﻣﻌﻠم‬ wkÿK teacher ‫ﻣﻌﻠﻣﺎن‬ ‫ﻣﻌﻠﻣون‬
‫ﻣﮭﻧدس‬ cÖ‡KŠkjx engineer ‫ﻣﮭﻧدﺳﺎن‬ ‫ﻣﮭﻧدﺳون‬
44 k cvV
(‫ ﻣﺿﺎف‬hw` ‫ ﺟﻣﻊ ﻣذﻛر ﺳﺎﻟم‬nq)
‫ ﻣﺿﺎف‬hw` ‫ ﺟﻣﻊ ﻣذﻛر ﺳﺎﻟم‬nq Z‡e ‫ ﺟﻣﻊ ﻣذﻛر ﺳﺎﻟم‬Gi wPý‫‡_† ون‬K ‫ ن‬c‡o hv‡e| h_v: MÖv‡gi K…lKMY- ‫ﻓﻼﺣوا‬
‫ اﻟﻘرﯾﺔ‬D`vni‡Y ‫ ﻓﻼﺣوا‬kãwU g~jZ ‫ ﻓﻼﺣون‬wQj| wKš‘ ‫ ﻣﺿﺎف‬nIqvii Kvi‡b Zvi ‫ ن‬wU c‡o †M‡Q|
evsjv Aviwe evsjv
MÖv‡gi avÎxMY ‫ﻣﺮﺿﻌﺎت اﻟﻘﺮﯾﺔ‬ The midwives of the village
kn‡ii wg¯¿x¸wj ‫ﺳﻨﻤﺎروا اﻟﺒﻠﺪ‬ The masons of the city
MÖv‡gi ZuvZxMY ‫ﺣﺒﺎﻛﻮا اﻟﻘﺮﯾﺔ‬ The weavers of the village
‡nv‡U‡ji cuvPKMY ‫طﺒﺎﺧﻮا اﻟﻤﻄﻌﻢ‬ The cooks of the hotel
evRv‡ii KmvBMY ‫ﻗﺼﺎﺑﻮا اﻟﺴﻮق‬ The butchers of the market
nvmcvZv‡ji Wv³viMY ‫طﺒﯿﺒﻮا اﻟﻤﺴﺘﺸﻔﻰ‬ The doctors of the hospital
kn‡ii cÖ‡KŠkjxMY ‫ﻣﮭﻨﺪﺳﻮا اﻟﺒﻠﺪ‬ The engineers of the city
‡Zvgv‡`i wfÿzKMY ‫ﺳﺎﺋﻠوﻛم‬ Your beggars
Zv‡`i †PŠwK`vi ‫ﺣﺎرﺳوھم‬ Their guard
Avgv‡`i †R‡jiv ‫ﺳﻣﺎﻛوﻧﺎ‬ Our fishermen
‡bŠKvi gvwSiv ‫ﻓﻼﺣوا اﻟﺳﻔﯾﻧﺔ‬ The sailors of the boat
mgy‡`ªi Wzeyixiv ‫ﻏواﺻوا اﻟﺑﺣر‬ The divers of the sea
‡mjy‡bi bvwcZMY ‫ﺣﻼﻗوا اﻟﺻﺎﻟون‬ The hairdressers of the salon
32k Abykxjbx
1) Aviwe I Bs‡iwR Ki:
‡`‡ki gwbKviiv| †`vKv‡bi Kvgvi| †Zvgv‡`i gywP| kn‡ii mygayi| c‡_i Svo–`v‡iiv| †Zvgv‡`i Øvi iÿKMY|
†`‡ki wkíxiv| †`vKv‡bi e¨emvqxiv| hv‡q‡`i †avcviv| MÖv‡gi ZvZxMY| cy¯ÍK mg~‡ni MÖš’Kvi mg~n| Zv‡`i
gRyiMY| Rwgi PvlxMY| Zv‡`i Wv³viMY| Kwi‡gi bvwcZMY| Rv‡n‡`i dzjMY| gv`ivmvi wkÿKMY| Avgv‡`i
wg¯¿xMY| cy¯Í‡Ki wjLKMY| evoxi †PŠwK`viMY| cÖwZôv‡bi wPÎKi| †Zvgv‡`i PvKiMY| Avgv‡`i `wR©iv| Lv‡j‡`i
gywPiv| †Zvgv‡`i PvKiiv| Kwi‡gi wPÎK‡iiv| Avgv‡`i wg¯¿xiv|
2) evsjv Ki:
‫طﺑﺎﺧوا اﻟﻣدرﺳﺔ ـ ﺑﻧﺎﺋوا زﯾد ـ ﺑﻧﺎﺋوا اﻟﺑﯾت ـ ﺑﻧﺎﺋوا اﻟﻣﺳﺟد ـ ﻣوﻟﻔوا اﻟﻛﺗﺎب ـ ﻣوﻟﻔوا اﻟﻛﺗب ـ ﺣﻼﻗوا اﻟدﻧﯾﺎ ـ ﻣﻼﺣوا‬
‫اﻟﺑﺎﺣرة ـ ﺧﯾﺎطوا اﻟﺗطرﯾز ـ ﻋﺎﻣﻠوا اﻟﻘرﯾﺔ ـ ﺣﺎﻓظوا اﻟﻘرآن ـ ﺣﺎﻓظوا اﻟﺣدﯾث ـ ﻛﺎﺗﺑوا اﻟرﺳﺎﻟﺔ ـ ﺧﯾﺎطوا اﻟﺑﻠد ـ ﺧﯾﺎطوا‬
‫اﻟﻘرﯾﺔ ـ ﺻﺎﻧﻌوا اﻟﺳﻼح ـ ﻋﺎدﻟوا اﻟﻧﺎس ـ ظﺎﻟﻣوا اﻟﻧﺎس ـ ﻗﺎرﺋوا اﻟﻘرآن ـ ﻣﺗﻌﻠﻣوا اﻟﻣﻌﮭد ـ ﺣﯾﺎﻛوا اﻟﻣﺻﻧﻊ ـ‬
3)evsjv I Aviwe Ki:
The farmers of the village, the workers of the city, the students of madrasah, the children
of the family, the boys of the locality, the teachers of the school
 47

45 k cvV
hw` ‫ ﻣﺿﺎف اﻟﯾﮫ‬c`wU wØePb nq| Z‡e wØeP‡bi wPý‫ إن‬Gi cwie‡Z© ‫ ﯾن‬Avb‡Z n‡e| ZvB ‫ ﻣﺿﺎف‬c`wU ‫† واﺣد‬nvK
wKsev ‫† ﺗﺛﻧﯾﺔ‬nvK wKsev ‫‡ ﺟﻣﻊ‬nvK| h_v: ‫ أﻗﻼم اﻟرﺟﻠﯾن‬/ ‫ ﻗﻠﻣﺎ اﻟرﺟﻠﯾن‬/‫† ﻗﻠم اﻟرﺟﻠﯾن‬jvK `yÕwUi Kjg, †jvK `yÕwUi `yÕwU
Kjg, †jvK `yÕwUi A‡bK¸wj Kjg|
(K) ‫ ﻣﺿﺎف‬c` ‫ واﺣد‬I ‫ ﻣﺿﺎف اﻟﯾﮫ‬c` ‫ﺗﺛﯾﻧﺔ‬
†jvK `yÕwUi Kjg ‫ﻗﻠم اﻟرﺟﻠﯾن‬ The pen of the two men
‡jvK `yÕwUi cy¯ÍK ‫ﻛﺗﺎب اﻟرﺟﻠﯾن‬ The book of the two men
`yÕRb hv‡q‡`i LvZv ‫دﻓﺗر اﻟزﯾدﯾن‬ The note book f two Jayeds
`yÕRb wkÿ‡Ki QvÎ ‫ﺗﻠﻣﯾذ أﺳﺗﺎذﯾن‬ The student of two teachers
`yB Mvoxi PvjK ‫ﺳﺎﺋق ﺳﯾﺎرﺗﯾن‬ The driver of two cars
(L) ‫ ﻣﺿﺎف‬c` ‫ ﺗﺛﯾﻧﺔ‬I ‫ ﻣﺿﺎف اﻟﯾﮫ‬c` ‫ﺗﺛﯾﻧﺔ‬
`yÕRb Kwi‡gi `yÕwU nvZ- ‫ ﯾدا اﻟﻛرﯾﻣﯾن‬Two hands of two Karims
`yÕRb wPÎK‡ii `yÕwU Kjg- ‫ ﻗﻠﻣﺎ رﺳﺎﻣﯾن‬Twopens of two artists
`yÕwU Mvavi `yÕwU †jR ‫ ذﻧﺑﺎ ﺣﻣﺎرﯾن‬Two tails of two donkeys
(M) ‫ ﻣﺿﺎف‬c` ‫ ﺟﻣﻊ ﻣﻛﺳر‬I ‫ ﻣﺿﺎف اﻟﯾﮫ‬c` ‫ﺗﺛﯾﻧﺔ‬
‡jvK `yÕwUi Kjg¸‡jv- ‫أﻗﻼم اﻟرﺟﻠﯾن‬ The pens of the two men
wkÿK `yÕwUi Qvθ‡jv- ‫ﺗﻼﻣﯾذ اﻻﺳﺗﺎذﯾن‬ The students of the two teachers
Miæ `yBwUi wks¸‡jv ‫ﻗرون اﻟﺑﻘرﯾن‬ The horns of the two cows
wjLK؇qi †Q‡j¸wj ‫أوﻻد اﻟﻛﺎﺗﺑﯾن‬ The sons of the two writers
(N) ‫ ﻣﺿﺎف‬c` ‫ ﺟﻣﻊ ﻣذﻛر ﺳﺎﻟم‬I ‫ ﻣﺿﺎف اﻟﯾﮫ‬c` ‫ﺗﺛﯾﻧﺔ‬
`yÕRb †jv‡Ki cvnviv`viMY ‫ﺣﺎرﺛوا اﻟرﺟﻠﯾن‬ The Guards of the two men
`yBwU kn‡ii wkíxiv- ‫رﺳﺎﻣوا ﺑﻠدﯾن‬ The artists of the two cities
`yB iv¯Ívi Svoy`v‡iiv ‫ﻛﻧﺎﺳوا طرﯾﻘﯾن‬ The sweepers of the two streets
`yÕwU MÖv‡gi †`vKvb`viMY ‫ﺣﺎﻧوﺗﯾوا اﻟﻘرﯾﺗﯾن‬ The shopkeepers of the two villages
`yÕRb gš¿xi PvKiMY- ‫ﺧﺎدﻣوا اﻟوزﯾرﯾن‬ The servants of the two ministers
(O) ‫ ﻣﺿﺎف‬c` ‫ ﺟﻣﻊ ﻣؤﻧث ﺳﺎﻟم‬I ‫ ﻣﺿﺎف اﻟﯾﮫ‬c` ‫ﺗﺛﯾﻧﺔ‬
`yB hv‡q‡`i Kb¨viv ‫ﺑﻧﺎت اﻟزﯾدﯾن‬ The daughters of the two Jayeds
`yB evwjKvi wkÿqÎxiv ‫ﻣﻌﻠﻣﺎت ﺑﻧﺗﯾن‬ The teachers of the two girls
wcZv-gvZvi Mvfx¸‡jv ‫ﺑﻘرات اﻟواﻟدﯾن‬ The cows of the parents
`yB †Q‡ji avÎxiv ‫ﻣرﺿﻌﺎت وﻟدﯾن‬ The midwives of the two sons
`yB †ivMxi †mweKviv ‫ﻣﻣرﺿﺎت ﻣرﯾﺿﯾن‬ The nurses of the two patients
33k Abykxjbx
(1) Aviwe I Bs‡iwR Ki:
‡g‡q `yÕwUi Pv`i| `yBRb ivm~‡ji D¤§Z| †jvK `yBwUi LvZv| wmsn `yÕwUi gv| gv`ivmv `yÕwUi QvÎe„›`| evjK `ywUi
eÜzMb| Dfq nv‡Zi Av½yjmg~n| `yÕwU Mvoxi PvKvmg~n| `yÕRb Kwi‡gi wcZvgvZv| `yÕMÖv‡gi evwm›`v| `yÕ nv`x‡mi e¨vL¨v|
`yÕ Avqv‡Zi Abyev`| `yÕAvqv‡Zi e¨vL¨v| `yÕcv‡qi RyZv| `yÕRb †jv‡Ki `yÕwU QvZv| Dfq nv‡Zi †jLv| Dfq Kj‡gi
Kvwj| eÜz؇qi ¯¿xMY| mgy`ªØ‡qi †Rvqvi| gv`ivmvi QvÎiv| `yÕgv`ivmvi QvÎMY| `yÕN‡ii KZ©v| `yÕevoxi gvwjK|
`yÕMvavi gvwjK|
(2) niKZ `vI AZci evsjv Ki:
‫أﺑﻧﺎء زﯾد ـ اﺑﻧﺎ اﻟزﯾدﯾن ـ ﻟﺣم اﻟﺑﻘرﺗﯾن ـ ﻋﯾن اﻟﻧﮭرﯾن ـ ﻗﻠم اﻟوﻟدﯾن ـ ﺑﻘرﺗﺎ اﻟﺑﻧﺗﯾن ـ أذﻧﺎ اﻟرﺟﻠﯾن ـ ﻣروﺣﺔ اﻟوﻟدﯾن ـ أﺑﻧﺎء اﻟﺑﻧﯾن ـ اﯾدى‬
‫اﻟﻛرﺳﯾن ـ أﻧﺎس اﻟﺑﯾﺗﯾن ـ أرﺟل اﻻﻧﺳﺎﻧﯾن ـ ﻗواﺋم اﻟﺣﻣﺎرﯾن ـ اﺻﺎﺑﻊ اﻟرﺟﻠﯾن ـ ﺑﻧﺎت اﻟﺻدﯾﻘﯾن ـ زوﺟﺎت اﻟرﺟﻠﯾن ـ ﻣﺗﻌﻠﻣوا اﻟﻣﻌﮭدﯾن ـ‬
‫ﻛﺎﺗﺑوا اﻟرﺳﺎﻟﺗﯾن ـ ﻗﺎﺋل اﻟرﺟﻠﯾن ـ ﻗﺎرى اﻟﻛﺗﺎﺑﯾن ـ ﻛﺎﺗب اﻟﺣدﯾﺛن ـ أھل اﻟﺑﻠدﯾن ـ اﻣﺎم اﻟﺣرﻣﯾن ـ‬
3)evsjv I Aviwe Ki:
The sons of the two women, the two daughters of the two men, the students of two
madrasah, people of the two cities, the farmers of the two villages, the teachers of the two
college
 48

46k cvV
(K) ‫ ﻣﺿﺎف‬c` ‫ واﺣد‬I ‫ ﻣﺿﺎف اﻟﯾﮫ‬c` ‫ﺟﻣﻊ‬
‡jvK¸wji cyÎ ‫اﺑن اﻟرﺟﺎل‬ The son of the men
evjKM‡Yi eÜz ‫ﺻدﯾق اﻷوﻻد‬ The friend of the boys
`vjvjM‡Yi kÎæ ‫ﻋدوا اﻟﺳﻣﺎﺳرة‬ The enemyof the brokers
Kb¨v¸wji K_v ‫ﻗول اﻟﺑﻧﺎت‬ The speech of the daughters
`wR©M‡Yi kã ‫ﺻوت اﻟﺧﯾﺎطﯾن‬ The sound of the tailors

(L) ‫ ﻣﺿﺎف‬c` ‫ ﺗﺛﯾﻧﺔ‬I ‫ ﻣﺿﺎف اﻟﯾﮫ‬c` ‫ﺟﻣﻊ‬

‡jvK¸wji `yÕwU PvKv ‫ﻛﻔرﺗﺎ اﻟرﺟﺎل‬ The two wheels of the men
evjK¸wji `yBwU Kjg ‫ﻗﻠﻣﺎ اﻻوﻻد‬ The two pen of the boys
A‡bK ivRwgw¯¿i `yÕwU nvZzox ‫ﻣطرﻗﺗﺎ اﻟﺑﻧﺎﺋﯾن‬ The two hammers of the carpenters
A‡bK hv‡q‡`i `yB eÜz ‫ﺻدﯾﻘﺎ اﻟزﯾدﯾن‬ The two friends of Jayeds
cy¯ÍKmg~‡ni c„ôvØq ‫ﺻﻔﺣﺗﺎ اﻟﺧﯾﺎطﯾن‬ The two pages of the books
(M) ‫ ﻣﺿﺎف‬c` ‫ ﺟﻣﻊ‬I ‫ ﻣﺿﺎف اﻟﯾﮫ‬c` ‫ﺟﻣﻊ‬
‡jvK¸wji mšÍvbmg~n ‫أوﻻد اﻟرﺟﺎل‬ The chidren of the men
evwjKv¸wji Kvcomg~n ‫ﺛﯾﺎب اﻟﺻﺑﯾﺎن‬ The cloths of the girls
K…lK‡`i jv½jmg~n ‫ﻓﻼﺣوا اﻟﻔﻼﺣﯾن‬ The ploughs of the farmers
nvmcvZvjmg~‡ni †mweKvMY- ‫ﻣﻣرﺿﺎت اﻟﻣﺳﺗﺷﻔﺎت‬ The nurses of the hospitals
†`vKvbmg~‡ni gvwjKMY ‫اﺻﺣﺎب اﻟدﻛﺎﻛﯾن‬ The owners of the shops
34k Abykxjbx
1) Aviwe I Bs‡iwR Ki:
evjK¸wji eÜz| cy¯ÍK ¸wji c„ôv| †g‡q‡jvK ¸wji evÜex| †g‡q‡jvK ¸wji evÜexØq| †g‡q‡jvK ¸wji evÜexmg~n|
`wR©M‡Yi †gwkb| `wR©M‡Yi †gwkbØq| `wR©M‡Yi †gwkbmg~n| cy¯ÍKmg~‡ni c„ôvmg~n| `yB Lwjdvi Abymvixiv|
Lwjdv‡`i AbymvixMY| Lwjdv‡`i `yBRb eÜz| `yB Lwjdvi `yB eÜz| `yB kn‡ii ˆmb¨ evwnbx| `yB MÖv‡gi `yB †bZv|
`yB †`‡ki `yB †bZv| PvPv‡`i m¤ú`| `v`v‡`i Ae¯’v`x| `yB `v`vi g„Zz¨| `yB Kj‡gi wjLv| `yB cv‡qi RyZv| `yB
†Pqv‡ii nvZjmg~n| `yB Møv‡mi cvwb| `yB fvB‡qi cyÎMY| `yB Kb¨vi Kb¨vMY|
2) niKZ `vI AZci evsjv Ki:
‫اﺑﻧﺎء ﺣﺑﯾب وﻋﻣرو ـ ﻛﻔرات اﻟﺳﯾﺎرة ـ ﻛﻔرﺗﺎ اﻟﺳﯾﺎرﺗﯾن ـ أﺻدﻗﺎء اﻟرﺟل ـ ﺳﯾد اﻟﺷﺑﺎب ـ ﺳﯾد اﻟﺟﻧﺔ ـ أھل اﻟﻧﺎر ـ أھل‬
‫اﻟﺟﻧﺔ ـ اﻣوال اﻟﯾﺗﺎﻣﻰ ـ ﺣﺎﻓظوا اﻟﺣدﯾث ـ ﺣﺎﻣﻠوا اﻟﺳﻧﺔ ـ ﻣطﺎرة اﻟﺑﻧﺎء ـ ﺻﻔﺣﺎت اﻟﻛﺗﺎب ـ اوراق اﻟﻛﺗﺎﺑﯾن ـ ﻋدواﻟﺷﯾﺎطﯾن ـ‬
‫ﻋدو اﻟﺷﯾطﺎن ـ اﻋداء اﻻﺣﺑﺎب ـ اﻛﻔﺎء اﻻﺣﺑﺎء ـ ﺛﯾﺎب اﻟزﯾدﯾن ـ اﻗوال اﻟرﺳول ﺻﻠﻰ ﷲ ﻋﻠﯾﮫ وﺳﻠم ـ ﻗول اﻟﺣﺑﯾب ـ ﺻوت‬
‫اﻻﻧﺳﺎﻧﯾن ـ أﺻﺣﺎب اﻟﯾﻣﯾن ـ أﺻﺣﺎب اﻟﺷﻣﺎل ـ‬
3)evsjv I Aviwe Ki:
The house of brothers, the land of the farmers, the playground of the boys, two cows of
the farmers, two horses of the soldiers, the farmers of the villages, the workers of the
cities, the students of the schools
47 k cvV
hv‡q‡`i Kjg I LvZv ‫ﻗﻠﻢ زﯾﺪ وﻛﺮاﺳﺘﮫ‬ Jayed’s pen and notebook
nvwe‡ei gvZv I wcZv ‫واﻟﺪة ﺣﺒﯿﺐ واﺑﻮه‬ Habib’s parents
Kwigvi nvZ I cv ‫ﯾﺪ ﻛﺮﯾﻤﺔ ورﺟﻠﮭﺎ‬ Karim’s hand and leg
‡Zvgvi fvB I †evb ‫اﺧﻮك وأﺧﺘﻚ‬ Your brother and sister
hv‡q‡`i `yÕwU nvZ I `yÕwU cv ‫ﯾﺪا زﯾﺪ و رﺟﻼه‬ Two hands and two legs of Jayed
Lv‡j‡`i GKwU cy¯ÍK I GKwU Kjg ‫ﻛﺘﺎب ﺧﺎﻟﺪ و ﻗﻠﻤﮫ‬ A book and a pen of Khaled
Kwi‡gi `yÕwU Pÿz I `yÕwU Kvb ‫ﻋﯿﻨﺎ ﻛﺮﯾﻢ واذﻧﺎه‬ Two eyes and two ears of Karim
Kwi‡gi GKwU gv_v A_ev GKwU Kvb ‫رأس ﻛرﯾم او أﻧﻔﮫ‬ A head and an ear of Karim
 49

Avgvi GKwU gv_v A_ev GKwU Kvb ‫رأﺳﻰ و أﻧﻔﻰ‬ A head or an ear of mine
iwd‡Ki `yÕwU cv `yÕwU Pÿz I `yÕwU Kvb ‫ﯾدا رﻓﯾق ورﺟﻼه واذﻧﺎه وﻋﯾﻧﺎه‬ Two legs, two eyes and two ears of Rafik
‡Zvgvi `yÕwU nvZ I `yÕwU cv, `yÕwU Kvb ‫ﯾداك ورﺟﻼك واذﻧﺎك وﻋﯾﻧﺎك‬ Your two hands and two legs, two ears and
I `yÕwU eÜz two friends
‡Zvgvi GKwU cy¯ÍK A_ev GKwU Kjg ‫ﻛﺗﺎﺑك او ﻗﻠﻣك‬ A book or a pen of yours
35k Abykxjbx
1) Aviwe I Bs‡iwR Ki:
hv‡q‡`i cy¯ÍK A_ev `yÕwU Kjg| Lv‡j‡`i `yÕwU cy¯ÍK Ges `yÕwU Kjg| †Zvgvi `yÕwU Kvco Ges GKwU KvMR| Zvi
`yÕwU QvÎ Ges `yÕwU QvÎx| Lv‡j‡`i `yÕwU gyiM I `yÕwU gyiMx| †Zvgv‡`i fvB I †evb| ivLv‡ji `yÕwU Mvav A_ev `yÕwU
†Nvov| †Zvgvi Kjg, KvMR I cy¯ÍK| kwd‡Ki `yÕwU Kvb Ges GKwU bvK| hv‡q‡`i `yÕwU iæwU I GKwU †cqvjv|
Wv³v‡ii `yÕwU ev GKwU ‡ivMx| evMv‡bi `yÕwU dj, `yÕwU MvQ I GKwU dzj| Mv‡Qi GKwU dj I dzj| mgy‡`ªi `yÕwU
gvQ A_ev `yÕwU †bŠKv| Lv‡j‡`i `yÕwU †bŠKv A_ev `yÕwU wógvi|
2) niKZ `vI AZ:ci evsjv Ki:
‫اﺑن ﻛرﯾم وﺑﻧﺗﮫ ـ ﻛﺗﺎﺑﮫ وﻗﻠﻣﮫ ـ ﺣداده وﻏﺳﺎﻟﮫ ـ ﺗﺎﺟرك وﺣذاﺋﮫ ـ ﻛﺗﺎﺑك و ﺑواﺑﮫ ـ رﺳﺎل زﯾد وﻧﺟﺎر ـ ﻋﯾﻧﺎ ﺧﺎﻟد واذﻧﺎه‬
‫وراﺳﮫ ـ وذﻧﺑﮫ ـ أزھﺎر اﻟﺣدﯾﻘﺔ واﺛﻣﺎرھﺎ ـ أﻗﻼم زﯾد ودﻓﺎﺗﯾره ـ ﻏراب اﻟﺑﻠد وﻏراب اﻟﻘرﯾﺔ ـ أﺳد اﻟﻐﺎﺑﺔ واﻓرأﺳﮭﺎ ـ‬
‫ﻧﺟﺎروا اﻟﺑﻠد وﺗﺟﺎره ـ رﺳول ﷲ وﻧﺑﯾﮫ ـ ﺻﺣﺎﺑﺔ اﻟرﺳول واﺗﺑﺎﻋﮫ ـ ﺣﻣﯾر زﯾد و ﺑﻘﺎﻟﮫ ـ ﻛﺗﺎب زﯾد وﻗﻠﻣﺎه ـ اﺑﻧﺎء ﺧﺎﻟد‬
‫وﺑﻧﺎﺗﮫ ـ ازواج زﯾد وأﺣﺑﺎﺑﮫ ـ ﺣﺎرﺳوا اﻟﺑﯾت وﺧﻼﻗﮫ ـ ﻣﻌﻠم اﻟﻣدرﺳﺔ و ﻋﻠﻣوھﺎ‬
3)evsjv I Aviwe Ki:
Karim’ brothers and sisters, farmers’ oxen and cows, the teachers and students of
madrasah, his friends or classmates, the flowers and fruits of the garden
‫اﻟﻔﺎﺋﺪة‬: D‡jøL¨ †h, hv‡q‡`i cy¯ÍK A_ev GKwU Kjg| evK¨wU g~jZ: hv‡q‡`i cy¯ÍK A_ev Zvi GKwU Kjg| ZvB Abyev`
Kivi †ejvq Zvi A_©vr ‫ ه‬me©bvgwU Aek¨B Avb‡Z n‡e| myZivs hv‡q‡`i cy¯ÍK A_ev GKwU Kjg ‫ﻛﺗﺎب زﯾد او ﻗﻠﻣﮫ‬
48 k cvV
‫ ﻣﺿﺎف اﻟﯾﮫ ﻣﺿﺎف‬: Ggb kã‡K e‡j hv GKB mv‡_ GKw`K w`qv GKwU k‡ãi ‫ ﻣﺿﺎف اﻟﯾﮫ‬Ges Aci w`K w`qv Ab¨
Avi GKwU k‡ãi ‫ ﻣﺿﺎف‬n‡e| GB iKg kã‡K ‫ ﻣﺿﺎف اﻟﯾﮫ ﻣﺿﺎف‬ejv nq| h_v: ‫ ﺑﻧت رﺳول ﷲ‬Avi Avjøvni
cqMv¤^‡ii Kb¨v| D`vni‡Y ‫ رﺳول‬kãwU nj ‫ ﻣﺿﺎف اﻟﯾﮫ ﻣﺿﺎف‬hv ‫ ﺑﻧت‬k‡ãi ‫ ﻣﺿﺎف اﻟﯾﮫ‬I ‫ ﷲ‬k‡ãi ‫ﻣﺿﺎف‬
n‡q‡Q|
‡Zvgvi ev‡ci bvg ‫اﺳﻢ واﻟﺪك‬ The name of your father
‡Zvgvi gv‡qi bvg ‫اﺳﻢ أﻣﻚ‬ The name of your mother
hv‡q‡`i wkÿ‡Ki QvÎ ‫ﺗﻠﻤﯿﺬ اﺳﺘﺎذ زﯾﺪ‬ The student of the teacher of Jayed
Lv‡j‡`i Kj‡gi wbe ‫رﯾﺸﺔ ﻗﻠﻢ ﺧﺎﻟﺪ‬ The nib of the pen of Khaled
hv‡q‡`i `v`vi bvg ‫اﺳﻢ ﺟﺪ زﯾﺪ‬ The name of the grandfather of Jayed
†Zvgvi eÜzi †Q‡j ‫اﺑﻦ ﺻﺪﯾﻘﻚ‬ The son of your friend
†Zvgvi Kj‡gi Kvwj ‫ﺣﺑر ﻗﻠﻣك‬ The ink of your pen
Zvi gvZvi gv_v ‫رأس اﻣﮭﺎ‬ The head of his mother
gv`ivmvi wkÿ‡Ki QvÎ ‫ ﺗﻠﻣﯾذ اﺳﺗﺎذ اﻟﻣدرﺳﺔ‬The student of the teacher of the madrasah
gv`ivmvi wkÿKM‡Yi QvÎMY ‫ ﺗﻼﻣﯾذ اﺳﺎﺗذة اﻟﻣدرﺳﺔ‬The students of the teachers of the madrasah
36k Abykxjbx
1) Aviwe I Bs‡iwR Ki:
gv`ivmvi Qv‡Îi bvg| Avgvi `v`vi Qwo| Av‡k‡Ki wk‡Zi Kvco| Zv‡`i fvwMœi RvgvZv| †Zvgvi †Q‡ji †Q‡j|
†Zvgv‡`i cy¯ÍK‡i c„ôv| Avjøvni ivm~‡ji bvg| Kwi‡gi Kb¨vi Kb¨v| †Zvgvi gvZvi gvZv| gv`ivmvi Qv·`i
LvZvmg~n| evMv‡bi dz‡ji MÜ| Miæi cv‡qi Lyi| gvby‡li AšÍ‡ii K_v| gvby‡li AšÍ‡ii e¨v_v| Miæi ¸‡¯Íi UzKiv|
†Zvgvi Qv‡Îi PvKz| e`‡ii hy‡×i Kvwnbx| gv`ivmvi QvÎvev‡mi QvÎMb| jvB‡eªixi cy¯ÍK mg~‡ni m~PxcÎ| †Zvgvi
wkÿ‡Ki bvg| †Zvgvi eÜzi †Ljbvmg~n| Avgvi gv‡qi mšÍvbmg~n| †Zvgv‡`i K‡j‡Ri QvÎMb| Beªvnx‡gi eÜzi
Kvco|
2) niKZ `vI AZ:ci evsjv Ki:
 50

‫ﻛﺗب طﻼب اﻟﻣدرﺳﺔ ـ ﺑﺎب ﺑﯾت ﷲ ـ ﻏرﻓﺔ طﻼب اﻟﻣدرﺳﺔ ـ أﺳﻣﺎء اﺣﺑﺎب ﺧﺎﻟد ـ ﺗﻠﻣﯾذ ﻣدرﺳﺔ اﻟﺑﻧﺎت ـ ﻣروﺣﺔ‬
‫ﻣدرﺳﺔ اﻟﺑﻧﺎت ـ ﺿوء ﺷﻣس اﻟﺳﻣﺎء ـ ﺳؤر ھرة اﻟﺑﯾت ـ ﺳؤر طﻼب اﻟﻣدرﺳﺔ ـ اوﻻد إﺧوة اﻻﺳﻼم ـ زﻣﯾل طﻼب‬
‫اﻟﻣدرﺳﺔ ـ ﺳﻣك ﻣﺎء اﻟﺑﺣر ـ أﺳﻣﺎك ﺻﯾﺎد اﻟﺑﺣر ـ ﻗﻣﯾص اﺑن اﻻخ ـ ﻛﺄس دﻛﺎن اﻟﺷﺎئ ـ ﻧﺳﺎء ﺑﻠد ﻛوﻛﺳﺑﺎزار ـ داﺧل‬
‫ﺑﯾت اﻟرﺟل ـ ﺧﺎرج دار اﻟرﺟل ـ أوﻻد ﻋﻣﯾد اﻟﻣدرﺳﺔ ـ ﺣﻛﺎﯾﺔ اﺑﻧﺎء ﻓرﻋون ـ اﺷﺟﺎر ﺟﻧب اﻟﻧﮭر ـ ﯾوم وﻻدة اﻟﻧﺑﻰ‬
‫ﺻﻠﻰ ﷲ ﻋﻠﯾﮫ وﺳﻠم ـ ﯾوم ﻣوﻟود اﻟﻧﺑﻰ ﺻـ ـ‬
3)evsjv I Aviwe Ki:
The friend of my brother, the daughter of his sister, the name of our village, the teachers of his
madrasah, the birth of my younger brother, the death of his grandfather
49k cvV
(K) AbymiYxKv
‫ ﻣﺿﺎف‬I ‫ ﻣﺿﺎف اﻟﯾﮫ‬Gi Av‡iv wKQz Riæix Av‡jvPbv:
1| ‫ ﻣﺿﺎف‬c‡`i c~‡e© ‫ ال‬I †klvÿ‡i ‫ ﺗﻧوﯾن‬Av‡mbv h_v: ‫ﻏﻼم رﺟل ـ ﻏﻼم زﯾد ـ‬
2| ‫ ﻣﺿﺎف اﻟﯾﮫ‬hw` gvby‡li ev ¯’v‡bi bvg nq ZLb ‫ ﻣﺿﺎف اﻟﯾﮫ‬Gi c~‡e© ‫ ال‬Av‡mbv| h_v: ‫اھل ﻛوﻛﺳﺑﺎزار ـ ﻛﺗﺎب زﯾد‬
3| ‫ ﻣﺿﺎف اﻟﯾﮫ‬kãwU hw` ‫ ﺟﻣﻊ ﻣذﻛر ﺳﺎﻟم‬nq, Z‡e Zv ‫ ون‬Gi cwie‡Z© ‫ ﯾن‬n‡e| h_v: ‫ ﻛﺗﺎب اﻟﻣﺳﻠﻣﯾن‬gymjgvb‡`i
cy¯ÍK| D`vni‡Y ‫ اﻟﻣﺳﻠﻣﯾن‬kãwU ‫ ﻣﺿﺎف اﻟﯾﮫ‬nIqvi Kvi‡Y ‫ ون‬Gi cwie‡Z© ‫ ﯾن‬n‡q‡Q|
4| ‫ ﻣﺿﺎف اﻟﯾﮫ‬c`wU hw` ‫ ﺟﻣﻊ ﻣؤﻧث ﺳﺎﻟم‬wKsev ‫ ﺟﻣﻊ ﻣﻛﺳر‬nq, Z‡e Zvi wb‡P †Ri n‡e| h_v: ‫ﻛﺗﺎب اﻟرﺟل‬
†jvK¸wji cy¯ÍK| ‫ ﻛﺗﺎب اﻟﻣﺳﻠﻣﺎت‬A‡bK¸wj gymwjg bvixi cy¯ÍK|
5| ‫ ﻣﺿﺎف اﻟﯾﮫ‬gv‡S g‡a¨ evK¨I n‡q _v‡K| h_v: ‫† ﻛﺗﺎب اﻟرﺟل اﻟذى ﻣﺎت‬h †jvKwU gviv †M‡Q A_©vr g„Z e¨w³i
cy¯ÍK|
6| ‫ ﻣﺿﺎف اﻟﯾﮫ‬c`wU gv‡S g‡a¨ ‫ ﻧﻛرة‬n‡q _v‡K| h_v: ‫ ﻏﻼم رﺟل‬GKRb †jv‡Ki †Mvjvg|
7| ‫ ﻣﺿﺎف اﻟﯾﮫ‬hw` ‫ ال‬hy³ nq Z‡e, ‫ ﺗﻧوﯾن‬n‡e bv| h_v: ‫‡ ﻛﺗﺎب اﻟرﺟل‬jvKwUi cy¯ÍK|
8| ‫ ﻣﺿﺎف اﻟﯾﮫ‬hLb ‫ ﻏﯾر ﻣﻧﺻرف‬nq, Z‡e ‫ ﻟﻔظﺎ‬kãMZ fv‡e ‫( ﻧﺻب‬Rei) n‡e| wKš‘ ‫ ﻣﺣﻼ‬AcÖKvk¨ †R¦i n‡e|
h_v: ‫ ﻛﺗﺎب أﺣﻣد‬Avng‡`i cy¯ÍK|
9| ‫ ﻣﺿﺎف‬Gi Dci ‫ ﺗﻧوﯾن‬Av‡mbv, wKš‘ hw` ‫ ﻣﺿﺎف‬I ‫ ﻣﺿﺎف اﻟﯾﮫ‬Gi gvSLv‡b ‫ ﺣرف ﺟر‬Av‡m, Z‡e ‫ ﻣﺿﺎف‬Gi
Dci ‫ ﺗﻧوﯾن‬Avm‡e, h_v: ‫ ﻗﻠم ﻟزﯾد‬hv‡q‡`i Kjg| ‫ ﺧﺎﺗم ﻣن اﻟﻔﺿﺔ‬iƒcvi AvswU|
10| Aviwe‡Z Ggb KZ¸wj kã Av‡Q, hv ‫ واﺣد‬, ‫ ﺗﺛﻧﯾﺔ‬I ‫ ﺟﻣﻊ‬wn‡m‡e e¨eüZ nq| wKš‘ kãwU nj ‫ واﺟد‬G ai‡bi kã
hw` ‫ ﻣﺿﺎف‬wn‡m‡e wØePb A‡_© e¨eüZ nq Ges Zvi ‫ ﻣﺿﺎف اﻟﯾﮫ‬I A‡_©i w`K w`‡q wØePb nq, Z‡e †m mgq ‫ﻣﺿﺎف‬
†K kãMZfv‡e ‫ ﺗﺛﻧﯾﺔ‬ev ‫ ﺟﻣﻊ‬Dfq Avbv Rv‡qR| h_v: ‫ ﻗﻠﻣﺎ ﻛﻣﺎ‬ev ‫† ﻗﻠوﺑﻛﻣﺎ‬Zvgv‡`i `yÕR‡bi AšÍi|
11| ‫ اﺳم ﻣﻘﺻور‬hw` ‫ ﻣﺿﺎف اﻟﯾﮫ‬nq, Z‡e Dnv‡Z Dn¨ †R¦i n‡e| h_v: ‫ﻛﺗﺎب ﻣوﺳﻰ‬
12| ‫ اﺳم ﻣﻘﺻور‬hw` ‫ ﻣﺿﺎف‬nq, Z‡e Dnv‡Z Dn¨ †ck n‡e| h_v: ‫ ﻋﺻﺎ زﯾد‬hv‡q‡`i jvwV|
13| ‫ ﯾﺎء ﻣﺗﻛﻠم‬hw` ‫ ﻣﺿﺎف اﻟﯾﮫ‬nq, Z‡e Zv ‫ ﺳﺎﻛن‬wewkó n‡e| Ges Zvi g‡a¨ †R¦i Dn¨ _vK‡e| h_v: ‫ ﻛﺗﺎﺑﻰ‬Avgvi
cy¯ÍK|
14| ‫ ھن ـ ﺣم ـ اح ـ اب‬cÖf…wZ kã hLb ‫^¯ ﻣﺿﺎف‬iƒc e¨eüZ nq| Z‡e Ae¯’vbymv‡i ‫ واو‬wKsev ‫ اﻟف‬ev ‫ ﯾﺎء‬n‡e| h_v:
‫ ﻣررت ﺑﺎﺑﻰ زﯾد ـ رأﯾت أﺑﺎ زﯾد ـ ﺟﺎءﻧﻰ اﺑو زﯾد‬Avi hw` H kã¸wj ‫^¯ ﻣﺿﺎف اﻟﯾﮫ‬iƒc e¨eüZ nq| Z‡e ‫ ﯾﺎء‬n‡e bv|
h_v: ‫وﻟد اﻟﺣم ـ اﺑن اﻻخ ـ ﻛﺗﺎب اﻻب‬
15| ‫ ﻣﺿﺎف‬hw` K‡qKwU _v‡K Z‡e ‫† ﻣﺿﺎف اﻟﯾﮫ‬K ‫^¯ ﺿﻣﯾر‬iƒc evi evi D‡jøL Ki‡Z n‡e| h_v: ‫ﯾد ﺧﺎﻟد واﻧﻔﮫ ورأﺳﮫ‬
Lv‡j‡`i nvZ, bvK I gv_v|
‫ اﺿﺎﻓﺔ‬Gi D‡Ïk¨
‫ اﺿﺎﻓت‬Gi D‡Ïk¨ nj ‫† اﺳم‬K wbw`©ó Kiv| h_v: ‫ ﻗﻠم زﯾد‬hv‡q‡`i Kjg| D`vni‡Y hv‡q`‡K D‡jøL bv K‡i hw` ïaygvÎ
‫† ﻗﻠم‬K D‡jøL Kiv nZ, Z‡e cÖkœ DËvwcZ n‡Z cv‡i †h Kvi Kjg? wKš‘ hLb ‫† ﻗﻠم‬K ‫ ﻣﺿﺎف‬KiZ: ‫ زﯾد‬Gi mv‡_ m¤^Ü
¯’vcb Kiv n‡e| ZLb KjgwU wbw`©ó e¨w³i Rb¨ wbw`©ó n‡q hv‡e, hvi Øviv KjgwU GKRb wbw`©ó e¨w³i e‡j cwiMwYZ
n‡e| D³ e³e¨ Øviv G K_v ¯úó n‡j †h, ‫ اﺿﺎﻓت‬Gi Øviv ‫ اﺳم‬wbw`©ó n‡q hvq|
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50 k cvV
(L) AbymiYxKv
‫ اﺿﺎﻓت‬m¤ú‡K© Av‡iv wKQz cÖ‡qvRbxq Av‡jvPbv:
‫` اﺿﺎﻓت‬yÕwU ‫ اﺳم‬Gi g‡a¨ GKwU ‫† اﺳم‬K Ab¨ GKwU ‫ اﺳم‬Gi w`‡K Dn¨ ‫ ﺣرف ﺟر‬Øviv m¤úK©h³ y Kiv‡K ‫ اﺿﺎﻓت‬ejv
nq| G iKg ‫[ اﺿﺎﻓت‬A_©vr †h ‫ اﺿﺎﻓت‬G ‫ ﺣرف ﺟر‬Dn¨ _‡K Dnv] `yÕcÖKvi| h_v: ‫ اﺿﺎﻓت ﻟﻔظﯾﺔ‬- ‫اﺿﺎﻓت ﻣﻌﻧوﯾﺔ‬
‫ اﺿﺎﻓت ﻟﻔظﯾﺔ‬: (kãMZ m¤^Üc`) Gi msÁv eY©bvi c~‡e© `yÕwU e¯‘ †R‡b ivLv `iKvi|
1) ‫ﺻﻔت‬ 2) ‫ﻣﻌﻣول‬
1) ‫ ﺻﻔت‬ej‡Z wb¤œ wjwLZ 5wU ‫† اﺳم‬K eySvq|
1) ‫( اﺳم ﻓﺎﻋل‬KZ…©evP¨ we‡kl¨)
2) ‫( اﺳم ﻣﻔﻌول‬Kg©evP¨ we‡kl¨)
3) ‫’¯( ﺻﻔﺔ ﻣﺷﺑﮭﺔ‬vqx¸Y evPK we‡kl¨)
4) ‫( اﺳم ﻣﺑﺎﻟﻐﺔ‬AwaK ¸Y cÖKvkK we‡kl¨)
5) ‫( اﺳم ﺗﻔﺿﯾل‬Zzjbvm~PK we‡kl¨)|
2) ‫ ﻣﻌﻣول‬ej‡Z wb¤œwjwLZ `yÕwU ‫† اﺳم‬K eySvq| (K) ‫( ﻓﺎﻋل‬KZ©v) (L) ‫( ﻣﻔﻌول‬Kg©)|
‫ اﺿﺎﻓت ﻟﻔظﯾﺔ‬: Ggb ‫† اﺿﺎﻓت‬K ejv nq, hv‡Z ‫ ﻣﺿﺎف‬c`wU ‫( ﺻﻔت‬ev ¸YevPK kã) n‡e Ges ‫ ﻣﺿﺎف اﻟﯾﮫ‬c`wU
†mB ¸YevPK k‡ãi ‫ ﻓﺎﻋل‬wKsev) ‫ ﻣﺿﺎف‬Gi ‫ ﻣﻔﻌول‬n‡e| GK K_vq ‫ اﺿﺎﻓت ﻟﻔظﯾﺔ‬Ggb ¸YevPK ‫ ﻣﺿﺎف‬hv Zvi
‫ ﻣﻌﻣول‬A_©vr ‫ ﻓﺎﻋل‬ev ‫ ﻣﻔﻌول‬Gi w`‡K ‫ اﺿﺎﻓت‬nq|
‫ ﻓﺎﺋدة‬: Dc‡iv‡jøwLZ ¸YevPK we‡kl¨mg~n ‫ ﻓﻌل‬Gi gZ ‫^¯ ﻋﺎﻣل‬iƒc e¨eüZ nq| ‫ اﺳم ﻓﺎﻋل‬I ‫ اﺳم ﻣﺑﺎﻟﻐﺔ‬Zvi ‫† ﻣﻌﻣول‬K
Rei †`q| h_v:
1) ‫ اﺳم ﻓﺎﻋل‬h_v: ‫ ﺿﺎرب زﯾد‬g~jZ: ‫ ﺿﺎرب زﯾدا‬wQj|
2) ‫ اﺳم ﻣﻔﻌول‬h_v: ‫ ﻗﮭﺎر اﻻﻋداء‬g~jZ: ‫ ﻗﮭﺎر اﻻﻋدا َء‬wQj|
Z`ªæc ‫ اﺳم ﻣﻔﻌول‬I ‫ ﺻﻔت ﻣﺷﺑﮭﺔ‬Zvi ‫† ﻣﻌﻣول‬K †ck †`q| h_v:
1) ‫ اﺳم ﻣﻔﻌول‬h_v ‫ ﻣﺿروب زﯾد‬g~jZ: ‫ﻣﺿروب زﯾد‬
2) ‫ ﺻﻔت ﻣﺷﺑﮭﺔ‬h_v ‫ ﺣﺳن اﻟوﺟﮫ‬g~jZ: ‫اﻟﺣﺳن وﺟﮭﮫ‬
‫ ﻓﺎﺋدة اﻻﺿﺎﻓﺔ اﻟﻠﻔظﯾﺔ‬: ‫ اﺿﺎﻓت ﻟﻔظﯾﺔ‬Gi DcKvwiZv nj ‫ ﺗﺧﻔﯾف‬Z_v mswÿß KiY| Avi G ‫ ﺗﺧﻔﯾف‬ïay gvÎ k‡ãi
g‡a¨B mxgve× _v‡K| A‡_©i g‡a¨ †Kvb iK‡gi cwieZ©b nqbv| G ‫ ﺗﺧﻔﯾف‬ev mswÿß KiY ‫ ﺗﻧوﯾن‬wKsev ‫† ﺿﻣﯾر‬K †jvc
Kivi gva¨‡g n‡q _v‡K|
gyÏvK_v n‡j GB †h, evK¨‡K ‫ ﺗﺧﻔﯾف‬Z_v mswÿß Ki‡Yi D‡Ïk¨ e¨envi Kiv nq| Avi GB ‫ ﺗﺧﻔﯾف‬mgq mgq ‫ﻣﺿﺎف‬
Gi g‡a¨ mgq mgq ‫ ﻣﺿﺎف اﻟﯾﮫ‬Gi g‡a¨ mgq mgq ‫ ﻣﺿﺎف‬I ‫ ﻣﺿﺎف اﻟﯾﮫ‬Df‡qi g‡a¨ n‡q _v‡K|
K) ‫ ﻣﺿﺎف‬Gi g‡a¨ ‫ ﺗﺧﻔﯾف‬h_v- ‫ ﺿﺎرب زﯾد‬g~jZ- ‫ ﺿﺎرب زﯾدا‬wQj|
L) ‫ ﻣﺿﺎف اﻟﯾﮫ‬Gi g‡a¨ ‫ ﺗﺧﻔﯾف‬h_v- ‫ اﻟﻘﺎﺋم اﻟﻐﻼم‬g~jZ- ‫ اﻟﻘﺎﺋم ﻏﻼﻣﮫ‬wQj|
M) ‫ ﻣﺿﺎف‬I ‫ ﻣﺿﺎف اﻟﯾﮫ‬Df‡qi g‡a¨ ‫ ﺗﺧﻔﯾف‬h_v- ‫ ﺣﺳن اﻟوﺟﮫ‬g~jZ: ‫ﺣﺳن وﺟﮭﮫ‬D`vni‡Y ‫ ﺣﺳن‬k‡ãi ‫ﺗﻧوﯾن‬
Ges ‫ وﺟﮭﮫ‬k‡ãi ‫† ﺿﻣﯾر‬K wejyß Kiv n‡q‡Q| Ges ‫ ﺿﻣﯾر‬Gi cwie‡Z© ‫ وﺟﮫ‬k‡ãi Dci ‫ ال‬Avbv n‡q‡Q|
‫ ال( اﻟﻣﺿﺎف اﻟﻣﻌرف ﺑﺎ ل‬hy³ ‫) ﻣﺿﺎف‬
Avgiv Rvwb †h, ‫ ﻣﺿﺎف‬c` ‫ ال‬hy³ nqbv| wKš‘ ‫ ﻣﺿﺎف‬hw` ‫ اﺿﺎﻓت ﻟﻔظﯾﺔ‬nq| Z‡e K‡qK k‡Z© ‫ ال‬hy³ n‡q _v‡K|
1) ‫ ﻣﺿﺎف‬c`wU ‫ ﺻﻔت‬Z_v ¸YevPK kã Ges ‫ ﺗﺛﻧﯾﺔ‬n‡j ‫ ال‬hy³ n‡e| h_v- ‫اﻟﻣﻛرﻣﺎ ﺳﻌﯾد‬
2) ‫ ﻣﺿﺎف‬kãwU ‫ ﺻﻔت‬Z_v ¸YevPK kã Ges ‫ ﺟﻣﻊ ﻣذﻛر ﺳﺎﻟم‬n‡j ‫ ال‬hy³ n‡e| h_v: ‫اﻟﻣﻛرﻣوا ﺳﻌﯾد‬
3) ‫ ﻣﺿﺎف‬kãwU ‫ ﺻﻔت‬Z_v ¸YevPK kã nq Ges Zv n‡e ‫ ﻣﺿﺎف اﻟﯾﮫ‬hw` ‫ ال‬hy³ nq, Z‡e ‫ ﻣﺿﺎف‬c`wU ‫ ال‬hy³
n‡e| h_v: (1) ‫ اﻟدارس اﻟﻧﺣو‬bvûi cvV| (2) ‫ اﻟراﻗم اﻟﺣروف‬c‡Îi cvVK|
4) hw` ‫ ﻣﺿﺎف‬c`wU ‫ ﺻﻔت‬Z_v ¸YevPK kã nq Ges Dnvi ‫ ﻣﺿﺎف اﻟﯾﮫ‬kãwU Ab¨ Av‡iKwU ‫ ﻣﺿﺎف اﻟﯾﮫ‬c‡`i
‫ ﻣﺿﺎف‬nq, Z‡e H ¸YevPK ‫ ﻣﺿﺎف‬wU ‫ ال‬hy³ n‡e| h_v: ‫ اﻟﻘﺎرى ﻛﺗﺎب اﻟﻧﺣو‬bvûi wKZv‡ei cvVK|
‫( اﻻﺿﺎﻓﺔ اﻟﻣﻌﻧوﯾﺔ‬A_©MZ m¤^Üc`)
Ggb ‫† اﺿﺎﻓت‬K ejv nq, hv‡Z ‫ ﻣﺿﺎف‬c` ‫ ﺻﻔت‬n‡ebv| Zvi ‫ ﻣﻌﻣول‬Gi w`‡K ‫ اﺿﺎﻓت‬n‡ebv| Bnv wZb cÖKvi|
h_v: (1) ‫ ﻣﺿﺎف‬c`- ‫ ﺻﻔت‬Z_v ¸YevPK kã nIqv, hv Zvi ‫ ﻣﻌﻣول‬Gi w`‡K ‫ اﺿﺎﻓت‬nqbv| h_v: (K) ‫ﻛرﯾم اﻟﺑﻠد‬
kn‡ii `vbkxj (L) ‫ ﻣﺻﺎرع ﻣﺻر‬wgm‡ii gywóhy×v| (2) ‫ ﻣﺿﺎف‬c` ‫ﺻﻔت‬Z_v ¸YevPK kã bv nIqv Ges
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‫ ﻣﺿﺎف اﻟﯾﮫ‬H k‡ãi ‫ ﻣﻌﻣول‬nIqv| h_v: ‫ ﺿرب اﻟﯾوم‬g~jZ ‫ ﺿرب اﻟﯾوم‬wQj| (3) ‫ ﻣﺿﺎف‬c`‫ ﺻﻔت‬Z_v
¸YevPK kã n‡e bv| Ges Zvi‫ ﻣﻌﻣول‬Gi w`‡K ‫ اﺿﺎﻓت‬I n‡e bv|
‫ اﻟﻔﺎﺋدة‬: ‫ اﺿﺎﻓت ﻣﻌﻧوﯾﺔ‬Gi g‡a¨ wZbwU Ae¨q ‫ ﻓﻰ ـ ل ـ ﻣن‬n‡Z †h †Kvb GKwU Aek¨B Dn¨ _vK‡e, Z‡e cÖ‡Z¨K
‫ ﺣرف‬Gi we‡kl †ÿ‡Î i‡q‡Q| wb‡¤œ Zvi eY©bv nj|
(1) ‫ اﺿﺎﻓت ﻣﻌﻧوﯾﺔ‬Gi g‡a¨ H mgq ‫ ال‬Dn¨ _vK‡e hLb ‫ ﻣﺿﺎف اﻟﯾﮫ‬c`wU ‫ ﻣﺿﺎف‬Gi ‫ ﺟﻧس‬wKsev ‫ ظرف‬bv nq A_©vr
†hLv‡b ‫ ﻣﺿﺎف اﻟﯾﮫ‬c`wU ‫ ﻣﺿﺎف‬Gi gvwjKvbvf~³ e¯‘ n‡e| h_v: ‫ ﻏﻼم زﯾد‬wQj| D`vni‡Y ‫ زﯾد‬kãwU ‫ ﻏﻼم‬Gi
¯^RvwZ b‡n| A_©vr cÖf~ Ges PvKi| myZivs Df‡qB G w`K w`‡q GK †kÖYxi b‡n| G Qvov ‫ زﯾد‬kãwU ‫ ﻏﻼم‬Gi
‫ ظرف‬I b‡n| G ‫† اﺿﺎﻓت‬K ‫ اﺿﺎﻓت ﻻﻣﯾﺔ‬ev ‫ اﺿﺎﻓت ﻣﻧﻰ‬ejv nq|
(2) Avi ‫ ﻣن‬H mgq Dn¨ _vK‡e| hLb ‫ ﻣﺿﺎف اﻟﯾﮫ‬c` ‫ ﻣﺿﺎف‬Gi ¯^RvwZq e¯‘ n‡e| h_v ‫‡ﺧﺎﺗم ﻓﺿﺔ‬iŠ‡c¨i AvswU|
g~jZ: ‫ ﺧﺎﺗم ﻣن ﻓﺿﺔ‬wQj| D`vniY ‫ ﻓﺿﺔ‬kãwU ‫ ﻣﺿﺎف اﻟﯾﮫ‬hv ‫ ﺧﺎﺗم‬Gi ¯^RvZxq c`| †Kbbv AvswU‡K †iŠc¨ Øviv
ˆZwi Kiv n‡q‡Q| weavq ‫ ﺧﺎﺗم‬I ‫ ﻓﺿﺔ‬Df‡qB ¯^RvZxq e¯‘| G ‫† اﺿﺎف‬K ‫ اﺿﺎﻓت ﺟﻧﺳﯾﺔ‬ev ‫اﺿﺎﻓت ﻣﻧﺑﮫ‬
‫ ﻓﺎﺋدة‬: ‫ اﺿﺎﻓﺔ ﻣﺗﻧوﯾﺔ‬hLb ‫ ﻣن‬Gi A‡_© e¨eüZ nq, ZLb ‫ ﻣﺿﺎف اﻟﯾﮫ‬c`wU ‫ ﻣﺿﺎف‬c‡`i ‫ ﻛل‬Z_v m¤ú~Y© ¯^RvZxq e¯‘
n‡e| Ges ‫ ﻣﺿﺎف‬c`wU ‫ ﻣﺿﺎف اﻟﯾﮫ‬c‡`i ‫ ﺟزء‬Z_v Ask n‡e| h_v ‫† ﺧﺎﺗم ﺣدﯾد‬jvnvi AvsUv D`vniY ‫ ﺣدﯾد‬nj †jŠn
bvgK GK †kÖwYi avZz| Avi ‫ ﺧﺎﺗم‬Z_v AvswU nj †m †jŠnvi Ask we‡kl| KviY m¤ú~Y© AvswU †jŠn Øviv wbwg©Z| Zvi A_©
G bq †h, `ywbqvi hveZxq †jŠn †m AvswUi g‡a¨ i‡q‡Q| †jŠn n‡Z mvgvb¨ †j Šn Øviv AvswU ‰Zwi Kiv n‡q‡Q|
‫ ﻓﺎﺋدة‬: †h mg¯Í ‫ اﺿﺎﻓت ﻣﻌﻧوﯾﺔ‬c` ‫ ﻣن‬Gi A‡_© e¨eüZ nq| Zv ‫ ﻣﺑﺗداء‬I ‫ ﺧﺑر‬nIqvi †hvM¨Zv iv‡L| ZvB ‫ﺧﺎﺗم ﺣدﯾد‬
evK¨wU ‫ ﺟﻣﻠﺔ اﺳﻣﯾﺔ‬Z_v we‡kl¨ evPK evK¨ cwiYZ Ki‡j ‫ اﻟﺧﺎﺗم ﺣدﯾد‬n‡e| ZLb A_© n‡e AvswUwU †jvnvi ˆZwi| G ‫ﻣن‬
†K ‫ ﻣن ﺑﯾﺎﻧﯾﺔ‬I ejv nq| †Kbbv ev‡K¨i g‡a¨ AvswUwU wK‡mi ˆZwi Zv ‫ ﻣن‬Øviv eY©bv Kiv n‡q‡Q|
(3) ‫ ﻓﻰ‬H mgq Dn¨ _vK‡e hLb ‫ ﻣﺿﺎف اﻟﯾﮫ‬c`wU ‫ ﻣﺿﺎف‬Gi ‫ ظرف‬n‡e| A_©vr ‫ ﻣﺿﺎف اﻟﯾﮫ‬c`wU ¯’v ev Kvj evPK
we‡kl¨ n‡e| h_v: ‫( ﺻﻼة اﻟﻌﺻر‬Avm‡ii bvgvR) g~jZ: ‫ ﺻﻼة ﻓﻰ اﻟﻌﺻر‬wQj| A_©vr H bvgvR hv Avm‡ii mgq
AbywôZ nq| D`vni‡Y ‫ ﻋﺻر‬kãwU‫ ﺻﻼة‬k‡ãi ‫ ظرف‬n‡q‡Q| G ‫† اﺿﺎﻓت‬K ‫ اﺿﺎﻓت ﻓﯾﮫ اﺿﺎﻓت‬/‫اﺿﺎﻓت ظرﻓﯾﺔ‬
/ ‫ﻗوى‬
‫ ﻓﺎﺋدة‬: ‫† اﺿﺎﻓت ﻣﻌﻧوﯾﺔ‬K ‫ ﻣﻌﻧوب‬I ejv nq, hv `„pZvi A‡_© e¨envi nq, †h‡nZz G RvZxq ‫ اﺿﺎﻓت‬e‡K¨i A‡_©i `„pZv
cÖKvk K‡i _v‡K| A_v©r ‫ ﻣﺿﺎف اﻟﯾﮫ‬c` ‫ ﻣﻌرﻓﺔ‬nIqvq ‫ ﻣﺿﺎف‬c`wU I wbw`©ó n‡q hv‡e| h_v: ‫ ﻛﺗﺎب ﺳﻠﯾم‬mwj‡gi
cy¯ÍKwU| D`vni‡Y hw`I ev ‫ ﻛﺗﺎب‬kãwU ‫ ﻧﻛرة‬wKš‘ GLv‡b Zv Avi ‫_ ﻧﻛرة‬vK‡e bv, eis Dnv ‫ ﻣﻌرﻓﺔ‬n‡q hv‡e| Avi hw`
‫ ﻣﺿﺎف اﻟﯾﮫ‬c`wU ‫ ﻧﻛرة‬nq, Z‡e H ‫ ﻣﺿﺎف اﻟﯾﮫ‬c`wUI wbw`©ó n‡q hv‡e| h_v: ‫† ﻛﺗﺎب رﺟل‬jvKwUi cy¯ÍK|
GKRb QvÎ I Zvi cy¯ÍKwU ‫ ﺗﻠﻣﯾذ و ﻛﺗﺎﺑﮫ‬a student and his book
`yBRb QvÎ I Zv‡`i cy¯ÍKwU ‫ ﺗﻠﻣﯾذان وﻛﺗﺎﺑﮭﻣﺎ‬two students and their book
A‡bK QvÎ I Zv‡`i cy¯ÍKwU ‫ ﺗﻼﻣﯾذ وﻛﺗﺎﺑﮭم‬many students and their book
GKwU Kjg I †Zvgvi KvMR ‫ ﻗﻠم وﻗرطﺎﺳك‬a pen and your paper
GKwU †Nvov I Zvi Mvfx ‫ ﻓرس وﺑﻘرﺗﮫ‬a horse and his cow
`yÕwU Kvco I †Zvgvi Uzwc ‫ ﺛوﺑﺎن وﺗﺎﺟك‬two shirts and your cap
37k Abywkjbx
1) Aviwe I Bs‡iwR Ki:
GKwU Mvav I Zvi wkswU| GKwU nvwZ I Zvi ïowU| GKRb igbx I Zvi †Q‡jwU| `yBRb wkÿK I Zv‡`i Qvθwj|
GKwU gv`ivmv I Zvi QvÎMY| KjgwU †Zvgvi KvMR| lvowUI Zvi Kvb| AvswUI †Zvgvi KjgwU| iwk` I Zvi
eÜz| GKRb cw_K I †Zvgvi kÎæ| gyiMxwUI Zvi wWg| bvwcZ I Zvi ÿziwU| `v`v I Zvi bvZx mKj| `yÕwU nvwZ I
Zv‡`i ïoØq| †e‡n¯Í I Zvi Awaevmx| ivm~j (m:) I Zvi †mbv evwnbx| weovj I Zvi gvwjK|
2) niKZ w`‡q evsjv Ki:
‫اﻟوﻟد ﺻدﯾﻘﮫ ـ اﻟﻣدرﺳﺔ وطﻼﺑﮭﺎ ـ اﻟﻘرﯾﺔ وأھﻠﮭﺎ ـ اﻟرﺟﻼن واﺑﻧﺎﺋﮭﺎ ـ اﻟﻘﻠم ورﯾﺷﮫ ـ اﻟﻛﺗﺎب وﺻﻔﺣﺗﮫ ـ اﻟﻣدﻧﯾﺔ وأھﻠﮭﺎ ـ‬
‫اﻟﺷﻣﺳﯾﺔ وﻣﺎﻟﻛﮭﺎ ـ اﻟﺑﯾت واھﻠﮭﺎ ـ اﻟﻐراب وﻣﻧﮭﺎره ـ اﻟﻌﻣﺔ واﺑﻧﮭﺎ ـ اﻻخ وأﺑوه ـ اﻟدﺟﺎﺟﺔ وﻓرﻧﮭﺎ ـ اﻟﺑﻧت وﺑﻧﺗﮭﺎ ـ اﻟﻘﻠم‬
‫وﺻﺎﺣﺑﮫ ـ اﻟﺷﻣس وﺿوﺋﮭﺎ ـ اﻟﻣﻌﺑد واھﻠﮫ ـ اﻟﻣﺳﺟد وﻣﺻﻠﯾﮫ ـ اﻟﺳﯾﺎرة ورﻛﺎﺑﮭﺎ ـ اﻟطﯾﺎرة ورﻛﺎﺑﮭﺎ ـ اﻟﻛﻠب وذﺋﺑﮭـ‬
‫ اﻟرﺟﺎل وزوﺟﺎﺗﮭم ـ اﻟﻧﺳﺎء واﺑﻧﺎﺋﮭم ـ اﻟرﺳول وﺧﻠﻘﺎﺋﮫ ـ‬/ ‫اﻟﻣروﺣﺔ وﯾدھﺎ‬
3)evsjv I Aviwe Ki:
a cow and its tail, an ox and its horn, a college and its teachers, the dog and its teeth, parents and
their children, a village and its people, the leader and his followers, Samira and her friends
 53

52k cvV
‫ أﯾﺎم اﻻﺳﺑوع‬: mßv‡ni w`b¸‡jvi bvg
‫ﯾوم اﻟﺳﺑت‬ kwbevi Saturday
‫ﯾوم اﻻﺣد‬ iweevi Sunday
‫ﯾوم اﻻﺛﻧﯾن‬ ‡mvgevi Monday
‫ﯾوم اﻟﺛﻠﺛﺎء‬ g½jevi Tuesday
‫ﯾوم اﻻرﺑﻌﺎء‬ eyaevi Wednesday
‫ﯾوم اﻟﺧﻣﯾس‬ e„n¯úwZevi Thursday
‫ﯾوم اﻟﺟﻣﻌﺔ‬ Rygevi Friday
‫اﻟﺷﮭور اﻻﻧﻛﻠﯾزﯾﺔ‬: Bs‡iwR evigv‡mi bvg
‫ﯾﻧﺎﺋر‬ Rvbyqvix January ‫ﺷﺑﺎط‬/‫ﻓﺑراﺋر‬ ‡deªæqvix February
‫اذار‬/‫ﻣﺎرس‬ gvP© March ‫ ﻧﯾﺳﺎن‬/‫اﺑرﯾل‬ GwcÖj April
‫ اﺑﺎر‬/‫ ﻧوار‬/‫ﻣﺎﯾو‬ ‡g May ‫ﻣﯾزران‬/‫ﯾوﻧﯾو‬ Ryb June
‫ﺗﻣوز‬/‫ﯾوﻟﯾو‬ RyjvB July ‫ آب‬/‫اﻋﺳطس‬ AvMó August
‫ اﯾﻠول‬/‫ﺳﺗﻣﺑر‬ ‡m‡Þ¤^i September ‫ ﺗﺷرﯾن اﻻول‬/‫اﻛﺗوﺑر‬ A‡±vei October
‫ ﺗﺷرﯾن اﻟﺛﺎﻧﻰ‬/‫ﺗوﻓﻣﺑر‬ b‡f¤^i November ‫ ﻛﺎﻧون اﻻول‬/‫دﯾﺳﻣﺑر‬ wW‡m¤^i December
‫ اﻟﺷﮭور اﻟﻌرﺑﯾﺔ‬: Aviwe evigv‡mi bvg
‫ﻣﺣرم‬ gniig ‫ﺻﻔر‬ mdi
‫رﺑﯾﻊ اﻻول‬ iweDj AvIqvj ‫رﺑﯾﻊ اﻟﺛﺎﻧﻰ او اﻻﺧر‬ iweDm mvbx
‫ﺟﻣﺎدى اﻻوﻟﻰ‬ Rgvw`Dj AvIqvj ‫ﺟﻣﺎدى اﻟﺛﺎﻧﯾﺔ‬ Rgvw`Dm mvbx
‫رﺟب‬ iRe ‫ﺷﻌﺑﺎن‬ kvevb
‫رﻣﺿﺎن‬ ighvb ‫ﺷوال‬ kvIqvj
‫ذواﻟﻘﻌدة‬ RyjK¡v` ‫ذو اﻟﺣﺟﺔ‬ RyjnR¦
‫اﺳﻣﺎء اﻟﻣواﺳم‬
‫ ﻓﺻل ـ ﻣوﺳم‬: FZz
‫ ﺻﯾف‬MÖx¯§Kvj Summer ‫ﺧرﯾف‬ kirKvj Autumn
‫ رﺑﯾﻊ‬emšÍKvj Spring ‫ﻓﺻل اﻟﻣطر‬/‫ﺑﺳﺎرة‬ el©vKvj Rainy season
‫ ﺷﺗﺎء‬kxZKvj Winter ‫ﻓﺻل ﻣﻧﻌش‬ ‡ngšÍKvj Late autumn

‫ اﺳﻣﺎء اﻻوﻗﺎت‬mg‡qi bvg

ermi ‫ﻋﺎم ـ ﺳﻧﺔ‬ year
hyM ‫دھر ـ ﻋﺻر‬ age
kZvãx ‫ ﻣﺎﺋﺔ ﻋﺎم‬/ ‫ﻗرن‬ century
gvm ‫ﺷﮭر‬ month
mßvn ‫اﺳﺑوع‬ week
ivZ ‫ﻟﯾﻠﺔ‬ night
w`b ‫ اﻟﯾوم‬/ ‫ﻧﮭﺎر‬ day
cÿ ‫ اﺳﺑوﻋﺎن‬/ ‫ارﺑﻌﺔ ﻋﺷر ﯾوﻣﺎ‬ forthnight
AvMvgx Kvj ‫ﻏدا ـ ﯾوم اﻟﻐد‬ tomorrow
MZ ermi ‫اﻟﺳﻧﺔ اﻟﻣﺎﺿﯾﺔـ اﻟﻔﺎﻧﺋﺔ‬/‫اﻟﻌﺎم اﻟﻣﺎﺿﻰ‬ last year
PjwZ ermi ‫ اﻟﺳﻧﺔ اﻟﺟﺎرﯾﺔ‬/‫اﻟﺳﻧﺔ اﻟﺣﺎﻟﯾﺔ‬ current/this year
 54

AvMvgx kZvãx ‫ اﻟﻘرن اﻟﻘﺎدم‬/ ‫اﻟﻘرن اﻻﺗﻰ‬ coming/next century

AvMvgx mßvn ‫ اﻻﺳﺑوع اﻟﻘﺎدم‬/ ‫اﻻﺳﺑوع اﻻﺗﻰ‬ coming/next week
m~‡h©v`q ‫طﻠوع اﻟﺷﻣس‬ sunrise
cÖZz¨l/mKvj ‫ﺑﻛرة‬ dawn
mܨv ‫ﻣﺳﺎء‬ evening
A`¨ivwÎ ‫اﻟﻠﯾﻠﺔ ـ اﻟﻠﯾل‬ tonight
MZivwÎ ‫اﻟﻠﯾﻠﺔ اﻟﻣﺎﺿﯾﺔ ـ اﻟﺑﺎرﺣﺔ‬ last night
ga¨ivwÎ ‫ ﻣﻧص اﻟﻠﯾل‬/ ‫ﻣﻧﺗﺻف اﻟﻠﯾل‬ midnight
A`¨ ‫اﻟﯾوم‬ today
N›Uv ‫ﺳﺎﻋﺔ‬ hour
wgwbU ‫دﻗﯾﻘﺔ‬ minute
‡m‡KÛ ‫ﺛﺎﻧﯾﺔ‬ second
gyûZ© ‫ﻟﺣظﺔ‬ moment
MZKvj ‫اﻣس‬ yesterday
MZ ciï ‫اﻣس اﻟداﺑر ـ ﻗﺑل اﻻﻣس‬ the day before yesterday
AvMvgx ermi ‫اﻟﺳﻧﺔ اﻟﻘﺎدم‬/‫اﻻﺳﻧﺔ اﻻﺗﯾﺔ‬ coming/next year
MZ kZvwã ‫اﻟﻘرن اﻟﻣﺎﺿﻰ‬/‫اﻟﻘرن اﻟﻣﻧﺻرم‬ last century
MZ mßvn ‫اﻻﺳﺑوع اﻟﻣﺎﺿﻰ‬ last year
PjwZ mßvn ‫ﻧﻔس اﻻﺳﺑوع‬/‫اﻟﺣﺎﻟﻰ‬/‫اﻻﺳﺑوع اﻟﺟﺎرى‬ current/running/this weak
m~h©v¯Í ‫ اﻓول اﻟﺷﻣس‬/‫ﻏروب اﻟﺷﻣس‬ sunset
‡fvi ‫ ﻓﺟر‬/ ‫ﺻﺑﺢ‬ dawn
c~ev©ý ‫ﺿﺣﻰ‬ morning
53k cvV
A`¨ ïµevi ‫اﻟﯾوم ﯾوم اﻟﺟﻣﻌﺔ‬ This Friday
AvMvgxKvj iweevi ‫ﻏدا ﯾوم اﻷﺣد‬ Next Sunday
gvP© I GwcÖj ‫ﻣﺎرس و اﺑرﯾل‬ March and April
iRe I kvevb ‫رﺟب و ﺷﻌﺑﺎن‬ Rajab and Shaban
ivZ I w`b ‫ ﻟﯾل و ﻧﮭﺎر‬/ ‫ ﻣﻠوان‬/‫ﺟدﯾدا‬ Day and night
PjwZ mßvn I MZ mßvn ‫اﻻﺳﺑوع اﻟﺣﺎﻟﻰ واﻻﺳﺑوع اﻟﻣﺎﺿﻰ‬ Current week and last week
AvMvgx ermi I MZ ermi ‫اﻟﺳﻧﺔ اﻟﻘﺎدﻣﺔ واﻟﺳﻧﺔ اﻟﻣﺎﺿﯾﺔ‬ Next year and last year
AvMvgx Kj¨ I ciï ‫ﻏدا و ﺑﻌد اﻟﻐد‬ Tomorrow and the day after tomorrow
38k Abykxjwb
1) Aviwe I Bs‡iwR Ki:
K) A`¨ kwbevi, MZKvj kyµevi, N‡ii Øvi, ev‡Ni †jR, hv‡q‡`i Kjg, KvMR Ges LvZv| AvMvgx ciï e„n¯úwZevi|
MZ ivwÎ n‡Z hv‡q` N‡i Av‡Q| Bnv A‡±vei gvm| Bnv kxZKvj I emšÍKvj| Lv‡j` mKvj n‡Z gv`ivmvq| GK
ermi `yB gvm, `yÕ mßvn I `yB ivZ| `yB kZvwã I `yB hyM|MZ ermi I AvMvgx ermi| MZ kZvwã I MZ mßvn|
GB gvm|
L) Avgv‡`i gv`ivmvq A‡bK¸wj QvÎ Av‡Q| †Zvgv‡`i evMv‡b 4wU MvQ Av‡Q| Avgv‡`i evMv‡b A‡bK¸wj MvQ Av‡Q|
A‡bK¸wj ‡NvUKx gv‡V Av‡Q| Avkiv‡di nvZ Kwi‡gi Kv‡ai Dci| ivm~j (m:) Gi wcZv, ivm~j (m:) Gi gvZv|
ivmyj (m:) Gi wcZv-gvZv| R½‡ji n¯Íx| fjøyK I ev`uyi †Kv_vq| Av‡cj wgó| KjgwU Kvnvi? KjgwU iwn‡gi| GB
mvimwU wK †Zvgvi? nuv GB mvimwU Avgvi, bv Avgvi †Kvb mvim bvB| †Zvgvi fvB‡qi bvg wK? Avgvi fvB‡qi bvg
kv‡Ki| †g‡Si Dci A‡bK¸‡jv LvZv Av‡Q| Bnv wK? Bnv GKwU wWg, Zvi cøxnv I Zj‡cU| †Zvgvi Mjv I Zvi
†giæ`Û| hv‡q‡`i A‡bK¸‡jv e›`yK Av‡Q| †Zvgv‡`i fvB‡qi wK Kb¨v Av‡Q? n¨uv Avgv‡`i fvB‡qi `yÕwU Kb¨v
 55

Av‡Q| †Zvgv‡`i `yBR‡bi bvg Kx? Avgv‡`i `yBR‡bi bvg Kwig I kv‡n`| †m¸b MvQ| KvVvjMvQ| Avimyjv I wS
wS †cvKv, Nvm I evm| †Zvgvi gyLgÛj I Zvi gyLMnei| `yBwU ïKi A_ev `yBwU Li‡Mvk|
2| niKZ w`‡q evsjv Ki:
‫اﻟﯾوم ﯾوم اﻻرﺑﻌﺎء ـ ﻏدا ﯾوم اﻟﺳﺑت ـ اﻟﺷﮭر ﯾﻧﺎﺋر ـ اﻣس ﯾوم اﻟﺛﻼﺛﺎء ـ اﻟﺷﮭراﺑرﯾل و ﻣﺎﯾوا ـ اﻷﻣس اﻟداﺑر ﯾوم‬
‫اﻟﺟﻣﻌﺔ ـ اﻟﺷﮭر اﻏﺳطس ـ اﻟﺷﮭر اﻛﺗوﺑر ـ ﺷﮭر دﺳﻣﺑر ـ ﺷﮭر ﻣﺎﯾو ـ ﯾوم اﻟﺟﻣﻌﺔ ﯾوم اﻟﻌﯾد ـ ﯾوم اﻟﺧﻣﯾس ﯾوم‬
‫اﻷﺿﺣﯾﺔ ـ اﻟﯾوم ﯾوم ﻋرﻓﺔ ـ اﻟﺷﮭر ﺷﮭر رﻣﺿﺎن ـ اﻟﻠﯾﻠﺔ ﻟﯾﻠﺔ اﻟﻘدر ـ اﻟﻠﯾﻠﺔ ﻟﯾﻠﺔ اﻟﺑراﻋﺔ ـ‬
3)evsjv I Aviwe Ki:
This evening, last night, next morning, current week, running year, last Sunday, coming
month, next Friday, three days ago, two months before, midday
54k cvV
‫ اﺳﻣﺎء اﻟﺟﮭﺎت‬w`‡Ki bvg
DËi ‫ﺷﻣﺎل‬ North ‰bFZ ‫ﺟﻧوب ﻏرﺑﻰ‬ South-west
`wÿY ‫ﺟﻧوب‬ South Dש ‫اﻟﻰ ﻓوق ـ ﻓوق‬ Upward
c~e© ‫ﻣﺷرق‬ East Aa: ‫اﻟﻰ ادﻧﻰ ـ ﺗﺣت‬ Downward
cwðg ‫ﻣﻐرب‬ West CkvY ‫ﻧواﺷﻣﺎل اﻟﺷرﻗﻰ ـ ﺷﻣﺎل ﺷرق‬ North-east
AwMœ ‫ﺟﻧوب ﺷرﻗﻰ‬ South-east evqy ‫ﻧﺣو ادﻧﻰ اﻟﺷﻣﺎل اﻟﻐرﺑﻰ ـ ﺷﻣﺎل ﻏرﺑﻰ‬ North-west
‫ اﻷﻣور اﻟطﺑﻌﯾﺔ‬cÖvK…wZK welq
AÜKvi ‫ظﻼم‬ Dark cÖvšÍi ‫ﻣﻌرﻛﺔ ـ ﻧطﺎق ـ ﻣﺟﺎل‬ Plain land
‫ـ ﻣﯾدان ـ ﻗﻌل ـ ﺳﺎﺣﺔ‬
c„w_ex ‫ارض‬ Earth gq`vb ‫ﻣﺳرح ـ أرض ﺣﺿرة ـ‬ Ground
RMZ ‫ﻋﺎﻟم‬ Universe giæf~wg ‫ﺑﯾداء ـ ﺻﺣراء ـ‬ Desert
So ‫ﻋﺎﺻﻔﺔ‬ Storm evwj ‫رﻣل‬ Sand
e„wó ‫ﻣطر‬ Rain Av‡jv ‫ﻧور‬ Light
wkjv e„wó ‫ﺑرد‬ hailstorm ce©Z ‫ﺟﺑل ـ‬ mountain
Kzqvkv ‫ﺿﺑﺎب‬ Fog evZvm ‫ھواء‬ Wind
b`x ‫ﻧﮭر‬ river RjcÖcvZ ‫ﻣﺳﻘط ﻣﺎء ـ ﻣﺷﻼل‬ Waterfall
cÖej evZvm ‫رﯾﺢ‬ Storm cÖYvjx ‫ﺑوﻏﺎز ـ ﻣﺿﯾق‬ Strait
cv_i ‫ﺣﺟﺎرة‬ Stone AšÍixc ‫ارض داﺧﻠﺔ ﻓﻰ اﻟﻣﺎء ـ رأس‬ Cape
‡gN ‫ﺳﺣﺎب‬ cloud e›`i ‫ﻣرﻏﺎء ـ ﻣﯾﻧﺎء‬ port
n«` ‫ ﻟﯾك‬/ ‫ﺑﺣﯾرة‬ L ake gnv‡`k ‫ﻗﺎرة‬ Continent
cÖej N~wY©So ‫زوﺑﻌﺔ ـ اﻋﺻﺎر‬ Cy clone ivRavbx ‫ﻋﺎﺻﻣﺔ‬ Capital
‫ـ اﻋﺻﺎر ﻗﻠزوﻧﻰ‬
mvMi ‫ﺑﺣر‬ Sea ivR¨ ‫ﻣﻣﻠﻛﺔ‬ kingdom
gnvmvMi ‫أرﻗﯾﺎﻧوس ـ ﻣﺣﯾط‬ Ocean m¤ªvR¨ ‫اﻣﯾراطورﯾﺔ‬ empire
DcmvMi ‫ﺧﻠﯾﺞ‬ bay MÖvg ‫ﻗرﯾﺔ‬ Village
b`x ‫ﻧﮭر‬ River _vbv ‫ﻣﺣﻔر اﻟﺷرطﺔ‬ Thana
Dcb`x ‫راﻓد‬ Tributary gnKzgv ‫ﻗﺳﯾم‬ Subdivision
DËi †giæ ‫اﻟﻘطب اﻟﺷﻣﺎﻟﻰ‬ North pole ‡Rjv ‫ﻣﻧطﻘﺔ ـ ﻣﻘﺎطﻌﺔ‬ District
`wÿY †giæ ‫اﻟﻘطب اﻟﺟﻧوﺑﻰ‬ South pole cÖ‡`k ‫اﻗﻠﯾم ـ ﻣﺗﻣﺎطﻌﺔ‬ Division
Av‡MœqwMwi ‫ﺑرﻛﺎن‬ Volcano cv_i ‫اﻻﺣﺟﺎر‬ Stone
ivóª ‫دوﻟﺔ ـ وﻻﺑﺔ ـ‬ state nxiv ‫اﻟﺣﺎس ـ ﻣﺎس‬ Diamond
‡`k ‫دوﻟﺔ ـ وطن ـ ﻗطر ـ ﺑﻠد‬ Country RniZ ‫ﺟوھرة ـ درة‬ Jewel
Øxc ‫ﺟزﯾرة‬ island gy³v ‫ﻟؤﻟؤة‬ pearl
DcØxc ‫ﺷﺑﮫ ﺟزﯾرة‬ peninsula Pzwb ‫ﯾﺎﻗوﺗﺔ ـ ﯾﺎﻗوت‬ Ruby
 56

e-Øxc Delta cÖevj ‫ﻣرﺟﺎن‬ Coral

mgZjf~wg ‫أرض ﻣﻧﺑﺳطﺔ‬ Plain land cvbœv ‫زﻟرد‬ emerald
DcZ¨Kv ‫واد‬ valley
55k cvV
Avgvi wbKU ¯^Y© I †iŠc¨ Av‡Q ‫ﻟﻰ ذھب و ﻓﻘﮫ‬ I have gold and silver.
Bnv wK? ‫ﻣﺎ ھذا ؟‬ What is this?
Bnv cviv ‫ھذا ذﺋﺑق‬ This is a village.
‡Zvgvi evox †Kvb w`‡K? ‫إﻟﻰ اى ﺟﮭﺔ ﺑﯾﺗك؟‬ Which direction is your house?
Avgvi evox Dˇi ‫ﺑﯾﺗﻰ ﻧﺣو اﻟﺷﻣﺎل‬ My house is to the north side.
RM‡Zi cÖf~ †K? ‫ﻣن رب اﻟﻌﺎﻟم؟‬ Who is the lord of the universe?
¯’j, Rj, c„w_ex I AvKv‡ki ‫ﻣن رب اﻟﺑر واﻟﺑﺣر واﻻرض واﻟﺳﻣﺎء‬ Who is the lord of land, water,
cªf~ †K? the earth and the sky?
Av‡MœqwMwi c~e© w`‡K ‫اﻟﺑرﻛﺎن ﻧﺣو اﻟﺷرق‬ the volcano is to the north side.
b`x I DcØxc ‫ﻧﺧر و راﻓد‬ River and delta
nigyR cÖYvjx ‫ﻣﻔﯾق ھرﻣز‬ The Hormuz Strait
XvKv evsjv‡`‡ki ivRavbx ‫داﻛﺎ ﻋﺎﺻﻣﺔ ﺑﻧﻐﻼدﯾش‬ Dhaka is the capital of Bangladesh.
DËi †giæ I `wÿY †giæ ‫اﻟﻘطب اﻟﺷﻣﺎﻟﻰ و اﻟﻘطب اﻟﺟﻧوﺑﻰ‬ The North Pole and The South Pole
PÆMÖvg e›`i ‫ﻣﯾﻧﺎء ﺟﺎﺗﺟﺎم‬ Chattogram Port
KKmevRvi †Rjv ‫ﻣﻘﺎطﻌﺔ ﻛوﻛﺳﺑﺎزار‬ Cox’s Bazar District
Bnv B¯úvZ ‫ھذا ﻓوﻻز‬ It is steel
39k Abywkjbx
1) Aviwe I Bs‡iwR Ki:
‡Zvgvi wbKU wK iv‡k` Av‡Q? n¨uv Avgvi wbKU iv‡k` Av‡Q| AÜKv‡i †m †K? Bnv wK? Bnv GKwU cv_i| Bnv wK
cv_i| n¨uv Bnv GKwU cv_i| e„wói cvwb b`x‡Z cÖevwnZ nB‡Z‡Q| GLb wK AvRv‡bi mgq? n¨uv GLb AvRv‡bi
mgq| el©vi So| †gN AvKv‡k Av‡Q| AvKv‡k †gN Av‡Q| Bnv wK †jvnv bv mxmv| Bnv †jvnv, mxmv bq| †Zvgvi
evox †Kvb †Kv‡b| Avgvi evox evey †Kv‡b? Zviv Kx ¯‹z‡ji QvÎ? bv, Zviv K‡j‡Ri QvÎ| †Zvgiv wK gq`v‡b AvQ?
Avgiv giæf~wg‡Z AvwQ| giæf~wgi evwj| Bnv wK? Bnv DcmvMi| †Mv`vi cvov MÖvg| KKmevRvi †Rjvq A‡bK n«`
Av‡Q| cÖej N~wY©S‡o Ni-evox aŸsm n‡q‡Q| Avie DcmvM‡i A‡bK gvQ Av‡Q|
2) niKZ `vI Ges evsjv Ki:
‫ھذه ﺑﯾداء ـ ﻣن إﻟﮫ اﻟﻌﺎﻟم ـ اﻻن ﻧﮭﺎر ـ ھذا اﻻﺳﺑوع ـ اﻟﺷﮭر واﻟﺳﻧﺔ ـ اﻟﻠﯾﻠﺔ اﻟﺑﺎرﺣﺔ ـ ﺷﻌﺑﺎن ورﻣﺿﺎن ـ ھذا أﺷﮭر‬
‫ﺳﺗﻣﺑر ـ ﺷﺟﺎﻋﺔ اﻷﺳد ـ ﻛﺗﺎب اﻣﺗﻰ ـ اﺑن اﺑوك ـ اﺑﻰ ﻓﻰ اﻟﻣدرﺳﺔ ـ ﻋﯾن اﻻﺳد ورﺟﻠﮫ ـ اﻟﯾوم ﯾوم اﻷرﺑﻌﺎء ـ ھذا‬
‫ﻓوﻻذ ـ اﻟﺟﻧوب واﻟﺷﻣﺎل ـ‬
3)evsjv I Aviwe Ki:
Today is Friday. It is the month of April. It is summer now. It is very hot today. The name of our
country is Bangladesh. Saint Martin is a coral island. Gold is a precious metal. Iron is very
useful. It is the time of prayer.
56k cvV (‫ )اﻟﺻﻔﺔ‬we‡klY c`
‫اﻟﻣوﺻوف‬
‡h ‫ اﺳم‬Gi †`vl, ¸Y, Ae¯’v, msL¨v I cwigvY eY©bv Kiv nq, †m ‫† اﺳم‬K ‫ ﻣوﺻوف‬e‡j|
‫اﻟﺻﻔﺔ‬
‡h kã Øviv ‫ اﺳم‬Gi †`vl, ¸Y, Ae¯’v, msL¨v I cwigvY eY©bv Kiv nq, ‡m kã‡K ‫ ﺻﻔت‬Z_v we‡klY c` e‡j|
h_v:
1) †`vl eY©bv h_v: , ‫ رﺟل ﺧﺑﯾث‬, ‫`( رﺟل ﺷرﯾر‬yó †jvK)
2) ¸Y eY©bv h_v: ‫( رﺟل ﻋﺎﻗل‬Ávbx †jvK) ‫( رﺟل ﺻﺎﻟﺢ‬fvj †jvK)
3) Ae¯’v eY©bv h_v: ‫( رﺟل ﻣرﯾض‬Amy¯’ †jvK) ‫( رﺟل ﺻﺣﯾﺢ‬my¯’ †jvK)
4) msL¨v eY©bv h_v: ‫( رﺟل اول‬cÖ_g e¨w³) ‫( رﺟل ﺛﺎﻧﻰ‬wØZxq e¨w³)
 57

5) cwigvY eY©bv h_v: ‫( ﺑﺋر ﻋﻣﯾق‬Mfxi Kzqv) ‫( رﺟل طوﯾل‬j¤^v †jvK)

D`vniY mg~n: ‫ ﺻﺣن ـ ﺑﺋر ـ رﺟل‬kã¸wj ‫ ﻣوﺻوف‬I ‫ﻋﺎﻗل ـ ﺣﺑﯾث ـ ﺷرﯾر ـ ﺻﺣﯾﺢ ـ ﻣرﯾض ـ ﺻﺎﻟﺢ ﺛﺎﻧﻰ ـ‬
‫ اول ـ طوﯾل ـ ﻋرﯾض ـ ﻋﻣﯾق ـ‬kã¸wj ‫ ﺻﻔت‬n‡q‡Q|
‫ﻣرﻛب ﺗوﺻﯾﻔﻰ‬
‫ ﻣوﺻوف‬I ‫ ﺻﻔت‬Df‡qi ms‡hv‡M †h evK¨ MwVZ nq, Zv‡K ‫ ﻣرﻛب ﺗوﺻﯾﻔﻰ‬e‡j|
‫ ﺻﻔت‬I ‫ ﻣوﺻوف‬Gi cÖ‡qvRbxq wbqgvejx
1) Aviwe‡Z ‫( ﻣوﺻوف‬ev we‡kl¨ c`) ‫ ﺻﻔت‬Z_v we‡kl‡Yi Av‡M G‡m _v‡K| h_v- ‫` رﺟل ﻛرﯾم‬vbkxj †jvK|
2) evsjvq ‫ ﺻﻔت‬c~‡e© Ges ‫ ﻣوﺻوف‬c‡i G‡m _v‡K, h_v- fvj †Q‡j, D`vni‡Y fvj kãwU ‫ ﺻﻔت‬Z_v we‡klY I
†Q‡j kãwU ‫ ﻣوﺻوف‬Z_v we‡kl¨ n‡q‡Q|
3) ‫ ﻣوﺻوف‬hw` †ck hy³ nq, Z‡e ‫ ﺻﻔت‬I †ck hy³ n‡e| h_v: ‫رﺟ ٌل ﻓﺎﺿ ٌل‬
4) ‫ ﻣوﺻوف‬hw` hei hy³nq, Z‡e ‫ ﺻﻔت‬I Rei hy³ n‡e| h_v: ً‫رﺋﯾت رﺟﻼً ﻓﺎﺿﻼ‬
5) ‫ ﻣوﺻوف‬hw` ‡Ri hy³ nq, Z‡e ‫ ﺻﻔت‬I ‡Ri hy³ n‡e| h_v: ‫ﻓﺎﺿل‬ ٍ ‫ﻣررت ﺑرﺟ ٍل‬
6) ‫ ﻣوﺻوف‬hw` ‫ ﻣﻌرﻓﺔ‬nq, Z‡e ‫ ﺻﻔت‬I ‫ ﻣﻌرﻓﺔ‬n‡e| h_v: ‫اﻟرﺟل اﻟﻧﺎﺋم‬
7) ‫ ﻣوﺻوف‬hw` ‫ ﻧﻛرة‬nq, Z‡e ‫ ﺻﻔت‬I ‫ ﻧﻛرة‬n‡e| h_v: ‫رﺟل ﻧﺎﺋم‬
8) ‫ ﻣوﺻوف‬hw` ‫ واﺣد‬nq, Z‡e ‫ ﺻﻔت‬I ‫ واﺣد‬n‡e| h_v: ‫رﺟل ﺻﺎﻟﺢ‬
9) ‫ ﻣوﺻوف‬hw` ‫ ﺗﺛﻧﯾﺔ‬nq, Z‡e ‫ ﺻﻔت‬I ‫ ﺗﺛﻧﯾﺔ‬n‡e| h_v: ‫رﺟﻼن ﺻﺎﻟﺣﺎن‬
‫ ﻓﺎﺋدة‬: ‫ ﺻﻔت‬I ‫ ﻣوﺻوف‬wewkó ev‡K¨ PviwU e¯‘i ‫ ﺗطﺎﺑق‬Z_v wgjb kZ©| h_v: (1) ‫( ﻋدد‬ePb) GKnIqv (2) ‫ﺟﻧس‬
(wj½) GK nIqv (3) ‫ ﻣﻌرﻓﺔ‬ev ‫ ﻧﻛرة‬n‡Z †h †Kvb GKwU nIqv (4) ‫ ﺣرﻛت‬Z_v †Ri, hei I †ck n‡Z †h †Kvb
GKwU niKZ Df‡qi g‡a¨ cvIqv hvIqv| h_v: ‫ رﺟل ﻋﺎﻟم‬D`vni‡b- Dfq kã GK ePb, cy: wj½, Awbw`©ó I †ck
hy³ n‡q‡Q|
Adjective (we‡klY c`)
wb‡Pi evK¨¸‡jv c‡ov:
1. Sabuj is a good boy. 2. I have bought four pens. 3. I want some rice.
j¶ K‡iv, Ic‡ii 1 bs ev‡K¨ good kãwU Sabuj †Kgb cÖKvk Ki‡Q A_ev, Ab¨fv‡e ejv hvq good kãwU Zvi ¸Y cÖKvk
Ki‡Q| 2 bs ev‡K¨, four Øviv KZ¸‡jv Kjg Zv †evSv‡”Q Ges 3 bs ev‡K¨, some' kãwU Øviv KZUzKz 'rice' Zv †evSv‡bv
n‡”Q|
Ic‡ii evK¨¸‡jv‡Z underline Kiv k㸇jv ev‡K¨i noun A_ev pronoun ¸‡jv‡K qualify Ki‡Q| A_©vr, G k㸇jv
noun ev pronoun Gi †`vl, ¸Y, Ae¯’v, msL¨v, cwigvY BZ¨vw` cÖKvk Ki‡Q| G ai‡bi kã‡K ejv nq Adjective |
†h word noun ev pronoun Gi †`vl, ¸Y, Ae¯’v, msL¨v, cwigvY cÖf…wZ cÖKvk K‡i Zv‡K Adjective e‡j|
Note: Adjective-mg~n‡K Attributive I Predicative G `yBfv‡e e¨envi Kiv nq|
 †Kvb noun Gi c~‡e© e¨envi Ki‡j Zv‡K Attributive use e‡j| †hgb: She is a good girl.
 Avi linking verb Gi c‡i e¨envi Ki‡j Predicative use e‡j| †hgb: The girl is good.
Classification of Adjectives
Adjective cÖavbZ Pvi cÖKvi:
1) Adjective of Quality
2) Adjective of Quantity
3) Adjective of Number
4) Pronominal Adjective
1) Adjective of Quality
wb‡Pi evK¨¸‡jv c‡ov
He is a nice boy. The man is dishonest. It is a heavy box.
Dc‡ii 1 bs ev‡K¨ nice kãwU boy Gi ¸Y cÖKvk Ki‡Q| 2 bs ev‡K¨, dishonest Øviv ‡jvKwUi †`vl cÖKvk Ki‡Q| 3bs
ev‡K¨, heavy Øviv box Gi Ae¯’v cÖKvk Ki‡Q| G ai‡bi Adjective ‡K ejv nq Adjective of Quality|
†h Adjective †Kv‡bv e¨w³ ev e¯‘i †`vl, ¸Y ev Ae¯’v cÖKvk K‡i Zv‡K Adjective of Quality e‡j|
2) Adjective of Quantity
†h adjective †Kv‡bv noun ev pronoun Gi cwigvY wb‡`©k K‡i Zv‡K Adjective of Quantity ejv nq|
mvaviYZ Uncountable noun-Material I Abstract noun Gi c~‡e© Adjective of Quantity e‡m|
much, little, some, any, no, enough, sufficient, all, half G¸‡jv Adjective of Quantity wn‡m‡e e¨eüZ
 58

nq| ‡hgb: I ate some rice. He has little knowledge. We have enough time.
3) Adjective of Number
†h Adjective †Kv‡bv e¨w³ ev e¯‘i msL¨v, µgvbymv‡i Zv‡`i ¯’vb ev ch©vq †evSvq Zv‡K Adjective of Number e‡j|
‡hgb: I have bought three books. Taaha is the first girl in the class.
Adjective of Number wZb cÖKvi:
3) Cardinal Numeral Adjective
4) Ordinal Numeral Adjective
5) Multiplicative Numeral Adjective
1. Cardinal Numeral Adjective: ‡h mKj Adjective Øviv †Kvb noun Gi wbw`©ó msL¨v eySvq Zv‡K Cardinal
Numeral Adjective e‡j| ‡hgb: one, two, three, four, five, six, seven, eight
2. Ordinal Numeral Adjective: ‡h mKj Adjective Øviv †Kvb noun Gi µgvbymv‡i ¯’vb ev ch©vq †evSvq Zv‡K
Ordinal Numeral Adjective e‡j| ‡hgb: first, second, third, fourth, fifth
3. Multiplicative Numeral Adjective: ‡h mKj Adjective Øviv †Kvb noun KZevi Av‡Q Zv cÖKvk K‡i Zv‡K
Multiplicative Numeral Adjective e‡j| ‡hgb: single, double, triple, fourfold, fivefold
hLb Numeral Adjective †Kvb wbw`©ó msL¨v bv eywS‡q msL¨v m¤^‡Ü Avfvl cÖ`vb K‡i Zv‡K Indefinite Numeral
Adjective e‡j| All, some, enough, no, many, few, several G¸‡jv Indefinite Numeral Adjective wn‡m‡e
e¨eüZ nq| ‡hgb: Few students were present there. Many boys came here.
4) Pronominal Adjective
†Kv‡bv Pronoun hLb noun Gi c~‡e© e‡m Adjective Gi KvR K‡i ZLb Zv‡K Pronominal Adjective e‡j|‡hgb:
Each boy was present in the class. This dress is new. That house is old.
Pronominal Adjective †K K‡qKfv‡M fvM Kiv nq| h_v
1. Demonstrative Adjective
2. Possessive Adjective
3. Interrogative Adjective
1) Demonstrative Adjective:
Demonstrative Pronoun (this, that, these, those, such, the same, other BZ¨vw`) hLb †Kv‡bv noun Gi c~‡e©
e‡m Adjective Gi KvR K‡i ZLb Zv‡`i‡K Demonstrative Adjective e‡j|
‡hgb: This story is very interesting. I saw that boy yesterday.
2) Possessive Adjective:
Personal Pronoun (my, our, your, his, her, their) hLb noun Gi c~‡e© e‡m Adjective Gi KvR K‡i ZLb
Zv‡`i‡K Possessive Adjective e‡j|
‡hgb: This is my brother. They are going to their village.
3) Interrogative Adjective:
Interrogative Pronoun (which, what, whose) hLb †Kv‡bv noun Gi c~‡e© e‡m Adjective Gi KvR K‡i Ges cÖkœ
weÁvmv K‡i ZLb Zv‡`i‡K Interrogative Adjective e‡j|
‡hgb: What class do you read in? Whose pen is this?
Some other Adjectives
1) Proper Adjective: Proper noun n‡Z †h MwVZ nq Zv‡K Proper Adjective e‡j| Proper Adjective Gi
cÖ_g Aÿi nq| ‡hgb: Bangladesh †_‡K Bangladeshi, America †_‡K American
2) Emphasizing Adjective: A‡bK mgq †Rvi †`Iqvi Rb¨ ownI very- Emphasizing Adjective wn‡m‡e e¨eüZ
nq| ‡hgb: I saw the accident with my own eyes. This is the very pen which I want.
57k cvV
evsjv Aviwe English evsjv Aviwe English
fvj ‫طﯾب ـ ﺟﯾد ـ ﺻﺎﻟﺢ‬ good g›` ‫ردى ـ ﺷرﯾر‬ Bad
Mixe ‫ ﻓﻘﯾر‬,‫ ﻣﺳﻛﯾن‬,‫ﻣﻔﻠس‬ poor eo ‫ﻛﺑﯾر‬ Large
DuPz ‫ ﻋﺎل‬, ‫رﻓﻊ‬ high wbPz ‫ ﺳﺎﻓل‬, ‫ﺗﺣت‬ Low
Lv‡Uv ‫ﻗﺻﯾر‬ short cyivZb ‫ﻗدﯾم‬ Old
k³ ‫ﺻﻌب‬ strong big ‫ﻟﯾن‬ Soft
 59

hyeK ‫ﻓﺗﻰ ـ ﺷﺎب‬ VvÛv

young ‫ﺑرد‬ cold
m¨vuZ‡mu‡Z ‫ﻧدى ـ رطب‬ cvKv
damp ‫ ﺑﺎﻟﻎ‬، ‫ﻧﺎﺿﺞ‬ ripe
UvUKv ‫طرى ـ طﺎزج‬ j¤^v
fresh ‫طوﯾل‬ tall
cvZjv ‫رﻗﯾق‬ ‡Mvj
thin ‫دورى‬ round
cwi¯‹vi ‫ﻧظﯾف‬ Amy¯’
clean ‫ﻋﻠﯾل ـ ﻣرﯾض‬ sick
wgwó ‫ﻟذﯾذ‬ UK
sweet ‫ﺣﺎﻣﯾض‬ sour
mZ¨ ‫ﺻدق‬ mZ¨ev`x
true ‫ﺻﺎدق‬ truthful
wg_¨vev`x ‫ﻛﺎذب‬ mvnmx
liar ‫ﺷﺟﺎع ـ أﻧﺑق‬ brave
mnR ‫ﺳﮭل‬ wcÖq
easy ‫ﺣﺑﯾب‬ favorite
gm„Y ‫ اﻣﻠس‬, ‫ﻧﺎﻋم‬ eÜzi/ LmL‡m
smooth ‫ ﺣﺷﺣش‬,‫ﻏﯾر ﻣﻠس‬ rough
Mfxi ‫ﻋﻣﯾق‬ ejevb
deep ‫ ﻗوى‬,‫ﺷدﯾد‬ stout
mej ‫ﺷﺟﺎع‬ ¯^v¯’¨Ki
strong ‫ﻓﺻﺣﺔ‬,‫ﺻﺣﻰ‬ healthy
Ab¨vq ,‫ ظﻠم‬,‫ ﺑﻐﻰ‬,‫ ﺟور‬,‫ﺣﯾف‬ ‡cvlv
wrong ‫ ﻣروض‬,‫ اﻟﯾف‬,‫راﺟﻰ‬ pet
De©iv ,‫ ﺣﺻﯾب‬,‫ﺛﻣر‬ ‡cUzK
fertile ‫ ﺳرة‬,‫ ﺻﻠﺣﺎع‬,‫ﺟﺷﺢ‬ voracious
my›`i ‫ ﺟﻣﯾل‬,‫ ﺣﺳﯾن‬,‫وﺳم‬ mr
beautiful ,‫ ﺻﺎﻟﺢ‬,‫ ﺻﺎدق‬,‫ ﺻﺣﯾﺢ‬,‫اﻣﻠﻰ‬ honest
Kgv, AvuUv ‫ ﻣﺷدود‬,‫ ﻛﺛﯾم‬,‫ ﻣﺣﻛم‬,‫ﻣﺳدود‬ AnsKvix ,‫ ﻣﺗﻛﺑر‬,‫ ﻣﻔرور‬,‫ﺗﻔطرس‬ haughty
Aweï× ‫ ﻏﯾر ظﺎھر‬,‫ﺑذى ﻗذر‬ impure Amf¨ ,‫ ﻣﺗوﺷﻰ‬,‫ ﺧظ‬,‫ ﺟﻠف‬,‫ﻏﯾر ﻣﮭذب‬ uncivilized
fxZ ,‫ ﺣﺎﺋف‬,‫ﻣﺗﺎﺳف‬ afraid µ× ‫ﻏﺎﺻب‬ furious
mvaviY ‫ ﻋﻣوﻣﻰ‬,‫ ﻋﺎرى‬,‫ﻋﺎم‬ common mgvb ‫ ﻣﺳﺎء‬,‫ ﻣﻌﺎدل‬,‫ﺗﺳﺎد‬ even
wb¯Íä ‫ﺻﺎﻣت‬quiet `y:wLZ ‫ﻣﺣزون‬ sad
Riæix ‫ﺿرورى‬ urgent abx ‫ﻏﻧﻰ‬ wealthy
‡Mvcbxq ‫ﺳرى‬
secret PIov ‫ﻋرﯾض‬ wide
kw³kvjx ‫ﻗوى‬
strong Kvcv ‫ﺣرﻛﺔ‬
fxlb horrible PUc‡U
‫ﺷدﯾد‬ agile
g~j¨evb ‫ ﻏﺎل‬, ‫ﺛﻣﯾن‬valuable Dcw¯’Z ‫ﺣﺎﺿر‬ present
cPv rotten cwikÖgx ‫ﻣﺟد‬ laborious
evKv ‫ ﻣﻌوج‬curved Lvjx ‫ﺧﺎﻟﻰ‬ empty
UvUKv ‫ طﺎزج‬fresh g`©v
Mwe©Z proud kvšÍ quiet
cÖ‡qvRbxq ‫ ﺿرورى‬necessary cywóKi nutritious
RxweZ ‫ ﺣﻰ‬alive g„Z ‫ﻣﯾت‬ dead
b¤ª modest `„p firm
abx ‫ ﻏﻧﻰ‬rich ‡`vlx ,‫ ﻣﺟرم‬,‫ ﺟﺎﻧﻰ‬,‫ﻣذﻧب‬ guilty
‡QvU ‫ ﺻﻐﯾر‬small wXjv ,‫ ﻣﺣﻠول‬,‫ﻣﻌﻛوك‬ loose
j¤^v ‫ طوﯾل‬tall LvwU, weï× ‫ﺧﺎﻟص‬ pure
byZb ‫ ﺟدﯾد‬new b¨vqevb ‫ﻋﺎدل‬ just
e„× ‫ ﺷﯾﺦ‬old wZ³ ,‫ ﻻزع‬,‫ ﻣر‬,‫ ﻗﺎرص‬,‫ ﺑوﺟﻊ‬,‫ﻗﺎس‬ sour
‫ﺳﺎﺣر‬
wfRv ‫ﺑﻠﯾل‬ damp wek^vmx ‫أﻣﯾن‬ faithful
KuvPv ‫ﻓﺞ ـ ﺧﺎم‬ raw Kzrmxr ‫ﻗﺑﯾﺢ‬ ugly
‡gvUv ‫ﺟﺳﯾم‬ fat ‡gŠwjK ‫ ﺷﻔﮭﻰ‬,‫ﺷﻔوى‬ basic
P¨cUv ‫ﺳطﺢ ـ ﻧﻧﺑط‬ flat AcÖk¯Í ‫ﻏﯾر واﺳﻊ‬ narrow
`qvjy ‫رﺣﯾم‬ kind kvšÍ, wbixn ‫ھﺎرى‬ meek
cwi”Qbœ ‫ﺻﺎف‬ neat cweÎ ‫ﻣﺑﺎرﻛﺔ‬ sacred
wg_¨v ‫ﻛذب‬ false Abycw¯’Z ‫ﻏﺎﺋب‬ absent
 60

h_v_©. wVK ‫ ﺻﺣﯾﺢ‬, ‫ﺻدق‬ correct ‡mvRv ‫ﻣﺳﺗﻘﯾم‬ straight

m¯Ív ‫رﺣﯾص‬ cheap Mfxi ‫ﻋﻣﯾق‬ deep
c~Y© ‫ ﻣﻠﻰ‬, ‫ﻛﺎﻣل‬ full gv`x
wcoxZ ‫ﻣرﯾض‬,‫ﻋﻠﯾل‬,‫ﺳﻘﯾم‬ sick `yó naughty
myLx ‫ ﻣﺑﺗﮭﺞ‬,‫رﺧﻰ‬,‫ﺳﻌﯾد‬ happy Ajm ‫ﻛﺳول‬ lazy
eb¨ ‫ وﺣﺷﻰ‬,‫ﺑرى‬ wild wekÖx ugly

fvj †Q‡j/GKRb fvj †Q‡j ‫وﻟد ﺻﺎﻟﺢ‬ a good boy

GKRb fvj Kb¨v / fvj Kb¨v ‫ﺑﻧت ﺻﺎﻟﺣﺔ‬ a good daughter
fvj †jvKwU ‫اﻟرﺟل اﻟﺻﺎﻟﺢ‬ the good man
fvj Kb¨vwU ‫اﻟﺑﻧت اﻟﺻﺎﻟﺣﺔ‬ the good daughter
j¤^v `yBwU †g‡q ‫ﺑﻧﺗﺎن طوﯾﻼن‬ the two tall daughters
weÁ hv‡q` ‫زﯾد اﻟﻔﺎﺿل‬ learned Jayed
`yBRb fvj †Q‡j ‫وﻟدان ﺻﺎﻟﺣﺎن‬ the two good boy
`yBRb fvj Kb¨v ‫ﺑﻧﺗﺎن ﺻﺎﻟﺣﺗﺎن‬ two good daughters
fvj †jvK `yÕwU ‫اﻟرﺟل ﺻﺎﻟﺣﺎن‬ the two good men
fvj Kb¨v `yÕwU ‫اﻟﺑﻧﺗﺎن اﻟﺻﺎﻟﺣﺗﺎن‬ the two good daughters
cyivZb cy¯ÍKwU ‫اﻟﻛﺗﺎﺑﺎت اﻟﻘدﯾﻣﺎت‬ the old book
we`~lx dv‡Zgv ‫ﻓﺎطﻣﺔ اﻟﻌﺎﻟﻣﺔ‬ wise Fatema
40k Abywkjbx
1) Aviwe I Bs‡iwR Ki:
m¤§vbxZ ivm~j (m:)| abx e¨w³| abx e¨w³wU| wbw`ªZ e¨w³| mr‡jvKwU| KvPv Avg| cvKv Avg| cvKv †LRyi| wb¯Íä
MÖvg| `y:wLZ †g‡q †jvK| cÖ‡qvRbxq `ªe¨| †Mvcbxq K_v| kw³kvjx †jvK| Kzrmxr †g‡q| cÖevwnZ evZvm| cwikÖgx
QvÎ| Mfxi mgy`ª| 2wU †gvUv †jvK| `yBwU eo b`x| Amy¯’ †Q‡j `yBwU| `qvjy †g‡q `yBwU| j¤^v cv `yBwU| wgó Avg|
cvZjv kixi| eb¨ cï `yÕwU| †cUzK evjKwU| my›`i KvcowU| †cvlv Mvfx| mr †jvK| weï× cvwb| Amf¨ †jvKwU|
b¨vqevb ivRvwU|
2) niKZ w`‡q evsjv Ki:
‫اﻟطﻌﺎم اﻟﻠذﯾذ ـ اﻟظرف اﻟﻧظﯾف ـ اﻟﻛﺗﺎﺑﺎن اﻟﻘدﯾﻣﺎن ـ ﺛوﺑﺎن ﻣطﯾﻌﺎن ـ اﻟرﺟﻼن اﻟﺟﺳﯾﻣﺎن ـ اﻟوﻟد اﻟﻌﻠﯾل ـ اﻟرﺟﻼن‬
‫رﺣﯾﻣﺎن ـ وﺟﮭﺎن دوران ـ رﺟل طوﯾل ـ اﺳرة ﺳﻌﯾدة ـ ﺟو ﺻﺣﯾﻰ ـ اﻟرﺟﻼن اﻟﻛﺎذﺑﺎن ـ اﻟﯾﺢ ﻓﺢ ـ اﻟظرف اﻟﻧظﯾف ـ‬
‫اﻟﻘﻠﻣﺎن اﻟﺟدﯾدان ـ اﻟﺑﻧﺗﺎن اﻟﻣﺗﺑﻛرﺗﺎن ـ درس ﺳﮭل ـ اﻟﻛﺗﺎﺑﺎن اﻟﻘدﯾﻣﺎن ـ ﻗﻠﻣﺎن ﺟدﯾدان ـ ﻧﮭر ﻛﺑﯾر ـ ﺳﻣك رﺧﯾص ـ‬
‫اﻟﺷﺟرﺗﺎن اﻟطوﯾﻠﺗﺎن ـ واﻟد ﻋﻠﯾل ـ ﺑﻧت ﻛﺎذﺑﺔ ـ أرض ﺧﺻﺑﺔ ـ ﺣﻣﺎران وﺣﺷﯾﺎن ـ ﺿرب ﻗوى ـ ھرة اﻟﯾﻔﺔ ـ ذھب‬
‫ﺧﺎﻟص ـ رﺟﻼن ﻣﻠﻐﺎن ـ ﺻدﯾق ﻋزﯾز ـ إﺣﺗﺑﺎر ﺷﻔوى ـ ﻛﻼم ﺳرى ـ ﻛﻼم ﺿرورى ـ ﺛوب ﻧدى ـ أﻧﺑﺞ ﻟذﯾذ ـ ﻗﻠﻣﺎن‬
‫ﺟﻣﯾﻼن ـ ﺛوب ﻗدﯾم ـ‬
3)evsjv I Aviwe Ki:
good boy, honest man, educated man, deep sea, fresh food, fat man, wild animal, high
mountain, tall tree, large garden, wide street, dark night, bright day, active person, lazy
girl, salty water, useful metal, costly food
59 k cvV (AbymiYxKv)
‫ ﺻﻔت‬I ‫ ﻣوﺻوف‬Gi Av‡iv KwZcq Riæix Av‡jvPbv
1) ‫ ﻣوﺻوف‬hw` ‫ ﺟﻣﻊ ﺳﺎﻟم ذوى اﻟﻌﻘول‬Z_v gbyl¨ evPK wbqwgZ eûePb nq Z‡e ‫† ﺻﻔت‬K I ‫ﺟﻣﻊ ﺳﺎﻟم ذوى اﻟﻌﻘول‬
Z_v gbyl¨ evPK wbqwgZ eûePb Avb‡e n‡e| h_v:
2) ‫ ﻣوﺻوف‬hw` ‫ ﺟﻣﻊ ﺳﺎﻟم ﻏﯾر ذوى اﻟﻌﻘول‬Z_v Agbyl¨evPK wbqwgZ eûePb nq, Z‡e ‫† ﺻﻔت‬K ‫ واﺣد ﻣؤﻧث‬Avb‡Z n‡e| h_v:
(1) ‫ ﻣذﻛر‬: ‫ ﻣﺳﻠﻣون ﻋﺎﻗﻠون‬Ávbx gymjgvbMY (2) ‫ ﻣوﻧث‬: ‫ ﻣﺳﻠﻣﺎت ﻏﺎﻓﻼت‬Ag‡bv‡hvMx gymwjg bvixMY|
3) ‫ ﻣوﺻوف‬hw` ‫ ﺟﻣﻊ ﺳﺎﻟم ﻏﯾر ذوى اﻟﻌﻘول‬Z_v Agbyl¨evPK wbqwgZ eûePb nq, Z‡e ‫† ﺻﻔت‬K ‫واﺣد ﻣؤﻧث‬
Avb‡Z n‡e| h_v : (1) ‫ ﺣﯾواﻧﺎت ﻛﺛﯾرة‬A‡bK cÖvYx (2) ‫ ﺑﻘرات ﻋظﯾﻣﺔ‬eo Mvfxmg~n|
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4) ‫ ﻣوﺻوف‬hw` ‫ ﺟﻣﻊ ﻣﻛﺳر ذوى اﻟﻌﻘول‬Z_v gbyl¨evPK AwbqwgZ eûePb nq| Z‡e ‫† ﺻﻔت‬K ‫ ﺟﻣﻊ ﺳﺎﻟم‬wKsev
‫ واﺣد ﻣؤﻧث‬Avb‡Z n‡e| h_v:
1) ‫† ﺻﻔت‬K ‫ ﺟﻣﻊ ﻣذﻛر ﺳﺎﻟم‬h_v: ‫ أوﻻد ﺻﺎﻟﺣون‬mr‡Q‡j¸wj|
2) ‫† ﺻﻔت‬K ‫ واﺣد ﻣؤﻧث‬h_v:- ‫ أوﻻد ﺻﺎﻟﺣﺔ‬mr †Q‡j ¸wj|
3) ‫† ﺻﻔت‬K ‫ ﺟﻣﻊ ﻣؤﻧث ﺳﺎﻟم‬h_v:- ‫ ازواج ﺻﺎﻟﺣﺎت‬mZx ¯¿x¸wj|
4) ‫† ﺻﻔت‬K ‫ واﺣد ﻣؤﻧث‬h_v:- ‫ أزواج ﺻﺎﻟﺣﺔ‬mZx ¯¿x¸wj|
5) ‫ ﻣوﺻوف‬hw` ‫ ﺟﻣﻊ ﻣﻛﺳر ﻏﯾر ذوى اﻟﻌﻘول‬Z_v- Agbyl¨evPK AwbqwgZ eûePb nq| n‡e ‫† ﺻﻔت‬K ‫واﺣد ﻣؤﻧث‬
Avb‡Z n‡e| h_v: (1) ‫ ﻛﻼب ﻛﺛﯾرة‬AwaK KzKzi| (2) ‫ ﻛﺗب ﻋظﯾﻣﺔ‬eo eo cy¯ÍKmg~n|
60 k cvV
wg_¨vev`x †jvK¸‡jv ‫اﻟرﺟﺎل اﻟﻛﺎذﺑون‬ The liar men
fvj †jvK¸wj ‫اﻟرﺟﺎل اﻟﺻﺎﻟﺣون‬ The good men
mej †Q‡jiv ‫أوﻻد اﻗوﯾﺎء‬ The strong boys
b¨vqevb ivRvMY ‫ﻣﻠوك ﻋﺎدﻟون‬ The just kings
‡cvlv weovjmg~n ‫ھرات أﻟﯾﻔﺔ‬ the pet cats
mnR cvV¸wj ‫اﻟدروس اﻟﺳﮭﻠﺔ‬ The easy lessons
cwi”Qbœ Kvcomg~n ‫ﺛﯾﺎب ﺻﺎﻓﯾﺎت‬ The clean cloth
my›`ix bvixMY ‫ ﻧﺳﺎء ﺟﻣﯾﻼت‬/ ‫ﻧﺳﺎء ﺟﻣﯾﻠﺔ‬ The pretty women
Amy¯’ †Q‡j¸wj ‫أﻻوﻻد اﻟﻌﻠﯾﻠﺔ‬ The sick boys
eb¨ Mvavmg~n ‫ﺣﻣر وﺣﺷﯾﺔ‬ The wild donkeys
41k Abykxjbx
1) Aviwe I Bs‡iwR Ki:
K) wg_¨vev`x †jvKmg~n| myLx cwievi¸wj| †Mvj gyL| goj mg~n| KuvPv Avgmg~n| cvKv †LRyi ¸wj| g`xbvi †LRyi
mg~n| UK Avg `yBwU| mvnmx evjKMY| wfiæ Kb¨viv| byZb Kjgmg~n| cyivZb cy¯ÍK mg~n| `yÕwU Mvfx mg~n| KwVb
AsK mg~n| j¤^v †g‡q `yÕwU| mykÖx †jvKMY| cwi¯‹vi cvÎ `yÕwU| j¤^v †g‡q ¸wj| eb¨ cï mg~n| AnsKvix †jvK¸wj|
`qvjy wkÿK gÛjx| KuvPv Avg ¸wj|
L) fvj †jvK¸wj I mej †Q‡j¸wj| †cvlv weovj A_ev eb¨ Mvav| De©iv Rwgmg~n Ges NvwU| m¯Ív gvQ A_ev kvK mâx|
†cUzK 2wU A_ev `yó †jvK¸wj| kw³kvjx `j| fxZ evjK A_ev mvnmx evwjKv| wZ³ dj I wgó Avg| wcÖq eÜzMY
I wcoxZ wcZv A_ev gvZv| wfRv I ﮋ Kvcomg~n| my›`i Kjg¸wj A_ev my›`i cy¯ÍK¸wj| b¨vqcivqb †jvK¸wj|
Ges Amf¨ †Pvimg~n| fxZ evjKMY A_ev mvnmx †jvK¸wj| †gŠwLK I wjwLZ cixÿv|
2) niKZ w`‡q evsjv Ki:
‫اﻟرﺟﺎل ﻗﺎﺋﻣون ـ اﻟﺑﻧﺎت اﻟﻧﺎﻋﺎت ـ اﻟﻧﺳﺎء اﻟﺳﺎﺋﻣﺎت ـ اﻟرﺟﻼن اﻟﻌﺎﻟﻣﺎن واﻟوﻟدان اﻟﺻﺎﻟﺣﺎن ـ اﻟﺒﻨﺖ اﻟﺼﺎﻟﺤﺔ واﻟﺒﻨﺎن‬
‫اﻟﺸﺮﯾﺮﺗﺎن ـ ﻧﺴﺎء ﻋﺎﻟﻤﺎت ورﺟﺎل ﻧﺎﻗﻠﻮن ـ ﻛﺘﺐ ﻛﺜﯿﺮة ودروس ﺻﻌﺒﺔ ـ زﯾﺪ اﻟﻔﺎﺿﻞ وزﯾﻨﺐ اﻟﻌﺎﻟﻤﺔ ـ اﻟﻮﻟﺪان اﻟﻌﻠﯿﻼن ـ‬
‫اﻟﺮﺟﺎل اﻟﺮاﻛﺒﻮن ـ ﺑﻨﺎت ﺟﻤﯿﻼت ـ ﺣﯿﻮاﻧﺎت أھﻠﯿﺔ ـ ﺣﻤﺎران وﺣﺸﯿﺎن ـ ﺣﻤﺮ اﻟﻨﯿﻌﺔ وﺣﻤﺮ وﺣﺸﯿﺔ ـ اﻟﺜﯿﺎب اﻟﻘﺪﯾﻤﺔ ـ‬
‫اﻟﻮاﻟﺪ اﻟﻌﻠﯿﻞ واﻟﻮاﻟﺪة اﻟﻤﺮﯾﻀﺔ ـ ﺑﺤﺎر ﻋﻤﯿﻘﺔ واﻧﮭﺎر ﻛﺜﯿﺮة ـ وﺟﻮه طﻮﯾﻠﺔ ـ اﻟﺮﺟﻼن اﻟﻤﺘﻜﺒﺮان ـ اﻟﻜﺘﺐ اﻟﺠﺪﯾﺪة ـ اﻻﻗﻼم‬
‫اﻟﻘﺪﯾﻤﺔ ـ اﻻﻗﻼم اﻟﺠﺪﯾﺪة ـ اﻧﺒﺢ ﻓﺒﺢ وﺛﻤﺮ ﻧﺎﺿﺞ ـ ﺟﻮ ﺻﺤﻰ ـ اﺳﺮﺗﺎن ﺳﻌﯿﺪﺗﺎن ـ وﻟﺪ ﺷﺠﺎع ـ‬
3)evsjv I Aviwe Ki:
The naughty boys, uneducated people, the sweet mangoes, fresh vegetables, the
meritorious students, the modest girls, industrious boys, laborious workers, the tall trees,
nice flowers, domestic animals, strong players
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61k cvV
‫‡( اﻟﻤﺮﻛﺐ‬hŠwMK ev hy³ kã)
`yB ev `yB‡qi AwaK k‡ãi mgwó‡K ‫ ﻣﺮﻛﺐ‬e‡j| Zv `yB cÖKvi| h_v: (1) ‫( ﻣﺮﻛﺐ ﻧﺎﻗﺺ‬2) ‫ ﻣﺮﻛﺐ ﺗﺎم‬Avevi ‫ﻣﺮﻛﺐ‬
‫ ﻧﺎﻗﺺ‬wZb cÖKvi| h_v: (1) ‫( ﻣﺮﻛﺐ اﺿﺎﻓﻰ‬2) ‫( ﻣﺮﻛﺐ ﺗﻮﺻﯿﻔﻰ‬3) ‫ﻣﺮﻛﺐ ﻋﺪدى‬
‫ﻣرﻛب‬

‫ﻣرﻛب ﻧﺎﻗص‬ ‫ﻣرﻛب ﺗﺎم‬

‫اﺿﺎﻓﻰ‬ ‫اﺳﻣﯾﺔ‬

‫ﺗوﺻﯾﻔﻲ‬ ‫ﻓﻌﻠﯾﺔ‬

‫ﻋددى‬ ‫ﺷرطﯾﺔ‬

‫ظرﻓﯾﺔ‬
1) ‫ ﻣرﻛب ﺗﺎم‬Ggb evK¨‡K ejv nq, †h evK¨ Øviv †Kvb msev` ev Av‡`k ev ‡Kvb wKQz PvIqv eySvq Bnv‡K ‫ ﺟﻣﻠﺔ ﻣﻔﯾدة‬ev
‫ ﻛﻼم‬e‡j|

‫ ﻣرﻛب ﺗﺎم‬ev ‫ ﺟﻣﻠﺔ‬Pvi cÖKvi:

1) ‫ ﺟﻣﻠﺔ اﺳﻣﯾﺔ‬bvgevPK evK¨ (The nominal sentence) ev‡K¨i cÖ_‡g ‫_ اﺳم‬vK‡j| (evK¨ hw` Zvi cÖ_‡g GKwU
we‡kl¨ wb‡q Avi¤¢ nq) Zv‡K ‫ ﺟﻣﻠﺔ اﺳﻣﯾﺔ‬e‡j| GB ev‡K¨i `yBwU Ask i‡q‡Q| (1) ‫( ﻣﺑﺗداء‬D‡Ïk¨) Subject (2)
‫( ﺧﺑر‬we‡aq) Predicate) c‡i G‡`i we¯ÍvwiZ Av‡jvPbv Kie Bbkv Avjøvn|
2) ‫ ﺟﻣﻠﺔ ﻓﻌﻠﯾﺔ‬wµqvevPK evK¨ (Verbal Sentence) ev‡K¨i cÖ_‡g ‫_ ﻓﻌل‬vK‡j Zv‡K ‫ ﺟﻣﻠﺔ ﻓﻌﻠﯾﺔ‬e‡j|
3) ‫’¯( ﺟﻣﻠﮫ ظرﻓﯾﮫ‬vbevPK evK¨) ev‡K¨i cÖ_‡g ‫ ﺣرف ﺟر‬Ges Zrms‡M Dnvi ‫ ﻣﺟرور‬D‡jøL _vK‡j Zv‡K ‫ﺟﻣﻠﮫ ظرﻓﯾﮫ‬
ejv nq|
4) ‫ ﺟﻣﻠﮫ ﺷرطﯾﺔ‬kZ©m~PK evK¨ (Conditional Sentence) ev‡K¨i cª_‡g ‫_ ﺣرف ﺷرط‬vK‡j †m evK¨‡K ‫ ﺟﻣﻠﮫ ﺷرطﯾﺔ‬e‡j|
2) ‫ ﻣرﻛب ﻧﺎﻗص‬: Ggb evK¨‡K e‡j †h ev‡K¨i Øviv †Kvb wKQzi PvIqv ev Av‡`k ev msev` eySvq bv|
‫ ﻣرﻛب ﻧﺎﻗص‬wZb cÖKvi:
1) ‫ ﻣرﻛب اﺿﺎﻓﻰ‬m¤^Ü evPK ms‡hvM| ‫ ﻣﺿﺎف‬I ‫ ﻣﺿﺎف اﻟﯾﮫ‬Df‡qi ms‡hv‡M †h evK¨ MwVZ nq, Zv‡K e‡j ‫ﻣرﻛب‬
‫ |اﺿﺎﻓﻰ‬h_v: ‫اﺧو ﻛرﯾم ـ ﻏﻼم زﯾد‬
2) ‫¸ ﻣرﻛب ﺗوﺻﯾﻔﻰ‬YevPK ms‡hvM| (Adjective of Quality) ‫ﻣﻮﺻﻮف‬I ‫ ﺻﻔت‬Df‡qi ms‡hv‡M †h evK¨ MwVZ
nq, Zv‡K ‫ ﻣرﻛب ﺗوﺻﯾﻔﻰ‬e‡j| h_v: ‫رﺟل ﻋﺎﻟم‬
3) ‫ ﻣرﻛب ﻋددى‬msL¨vevPK ms‡hvM| (Adjective of number) GKwU msL¨vi mv‡_ Aci GKwU msL¨vi ms‡hvM‡K
‫ ﻣرﻛب ﻋددى‬ejv nq| h_v: ‫ | ﺗﺳﻌﺔ ﻋﺷر‬D`vni‡Y cÖ_g msL¨v ‫ ﺗﺳﻌﺔ‬Ges wØZxq msL¨v ‫ ﻋﺷرة‬ci¯úi wgwjZ
n‡q‡Q| hv Øviv ‫ ﺗﺳﻌﺔ ﻋﺷر‬n‡q‡Q|
 63

62k cvV (‫)اﻟﻣوﺻوف اﻟﻣرﻛب واﻟﺻﻔت واﻟﻣﻔردة‬

‫ﻣوﺻوف‬m¤^ÜevPK ms‡hvM (‫ )ﻣرﻛب اﺿﺎﻓﻰ‬Ges ‫ ﺻﻔت‬GKK nIqv D‡jøL¨ †h, ‫ ﻣوﺻوف‬hw` ‫ ﻣرﻛب اﺿﺎﻓﻰ‬nq Z‡e
‫ ﺻﻔت‬Gi Dci m`v me©`v ‫ ال‬Avm‡f| Ges ‫ ﻣوﺻوف‬hv ‫ ﻣﺿﺎف‬n‡e Zv Abymv‡i ‫ ﺻﻔت‬Avb‡Z n‡e| h_v:
Kwi‡gi fvj †Q‡jwU ‫اﺑن ﻛرﯾم اﻟﺻﺎﻟﺢ‬ The good son of Karim
Zv‡`i eo fvBwU ‫اﺧوھم اﻟﻛﺑﯾر‬ Their elder brother
Avgvi g~j¨evb NwowU ‫ﺳﺎﻋﺗﻰ اﻟﺛﻣﯾﻧﺔ‬ My precious watch
Avgvi e„× wkÿK ‫اﺳﺗﺎذى اﻟﺷﯾﺦ‬ My old teacher
‡Zvgvi fvj QvÎ ‫ﺗﻠﻣﯾذك اﻟﺻﺎﻟﺢ‬ Your good student
Avgvi fvj cyÎwU ‫اﺑﻧﻰ اﻟﺻﺎﻟﺢ‬ My good son
‡Zvgvi byZb †PqviwU ‫ﻛرﺳﯾﺗك اﻟﺟدﯾد‬ Your new chair
‡Zvgvi m¤§vwbZ wkÿK ‫اﺳﺗﺎذك اﻟﻛرﯾم‬ Your respected teacher
Avgvi †¯œ‡ni Kb¨v ‫ﺑﻧﺗﻰ اﻟﻌزﯾزة‬ My dear daughter
Avgvi cyivZb Kjg `yÕwU ‫ﻗﻠﻣﺎى اﻟﻘدﯾﻣﺎن‬ My two old pens
Zv‡`i fvj †Q‡j¸wj ‫ اوﻻدھم اﻟﺻﺎﻟﺣون‬Their good boys
‡Zvgv‡`i wcÖq wkÿK ‫اﺳﺗﺎذك اﻟﻌزﯾز‬ Your favorite teacher
Kwi‡gi my›`i Kvco ‫ﺛوب ﻛرﯾم اﻟﺣﺳن‬ The fine cloth of Karim
42k Abykxjbx
1) Aviwe I Bs‡iwR Ki:
†Zvgvi byZb cy¯ÍK 2wU| Kwi‡gi K‡j Kvco 2wU| †Zvgv‡`i AZ¨vPvix ivRv| hv‡q‡`i cyivZb cy¯ÍK| Lv‡j‡`i
g~j¨evb Nwo| kv‡n‡`i my›`ix fwMœ| †Zvgv‡`i fvj Kb¨v| hv‡q‡`i my›`ix ¯¿x| Zv‡`i Kj‡gi wbe) †Zvgv‡`i byZb
cy¯ÍK¸wj| Avgvi cyivZb evwo 2wU| Zv‡`i byZb wkÿK 2wU| Zvi mvnmx PvKiwU| mgy‡`ªi Mfxi cvwb| Kwi‡gi
gm„Y Kvco| Avgv‡`i †cvlv weovjwU| Avgvi eb¨ nwiYwU| Miæi j¤^v †jRwU| hv‡q‡`i myLx cwieviwU| Avgvi UvUKv
AvgwU| †Zvgvi DuPz NiwU| mgy‡`ªi VvÛv cvwb| Lv‡j‡`i `qvjy `v`v| †Zvgvi K…cb eÜz| Avgvi cÖexb mv_x| cyKz‡ii
cwi¯‹vi cvwb| Mv‡Qi KuvPv Avg¸wj| Mv‡Qi cvKv Avg¸wj| Zv‡`i wgwó dj¸wj| cyKz‡ii weï× cvwbUzKz| †Zvgvi
mnR cvVmg~n| †Zvgvi †cUzK mv_xwU| Avgvi eo MvQwU| †Zvgvi Amf¨ †Q‡jwU|
2) niKZ w`‡q evsjv Ki:
‫ﺻدﯾق زﯾد اﻟﺣﻣﯾم ـ أﺧوك اﻟﻛﺑﯾر ـ اﺑﻧك اﻟﺻﻐﯾر ـ اﺧواﻧك اﻟﻛﺑﺎر ـ اﺑﻧﺎءك اﻟﺻﺎدﻗون ـ اﺳﺗﺎذى اﻟﻛرﯾم ـ ﺷﯾﺧﻰ‬
‫اﻟﻔﺎﺿل ـ وﻟدك اﻟﺻﺎﻟﺢ ـ اﺧوه اﻟطﺎﻟﺢ ـ اﺧوه اﻟطﺎﻟﺢ ـ ﺣﺑﯾب ﻋﻣرو اﻟﺻﺎدق ـ ﻗﻠم رﺣﯾم اﻟﺟدﯾد ـ ﻛراﺳﺗﮫ‬
‫اﻟﺟدﯾدة ـ دﻓﺗره اﻟﻘدﯾم ـ اﺑﻧﻛم اﻟﻣطﯾﻊ ـ اﺑوﻛم اﻟﺑﺎر ـ راﻛب اﻟﺳﯾﺎرة اﻟﺣﺎذق ـ ﻣدرﺳﺔ اﻟﺑﻧﺎت اﻻﺳﻼﻣﯾﺔ ـ واﻟدك‬
‫اﻟﺷﻔﯾق ـ ﺛوﺑﮫ اﻟﺻﺎﻓﻰ ـ ﺑﻘرﺗﮫ اﻟوﺣﺷﯾﺔ ـ ﺣﯾواﻧﮫ اﻟوﺣﺷﻰ ـ وﻟد اﻟﻌﻠﯾل ـ ﺑﻧﺗﮫ اﻟﻣرﯾض ـ ﺻدﯾﻘﺔ اﻟﻣﺗﻛﺑر ـ‬
‫واﻟﻛﺗﺎب اﻟﻌﺎدل ـ دﯾﻛﮫ اﻟداﺣن ـ ﺛﻣرﺗك اﻟﻠذﯾذة ـ وﺟﮭك اﻟﻣدور ـ ﻋﻧﻘك اﻟطوﯾل ـ ﺟﺳﻣﮫ اﻟرﻓﯾق ـ اﺑﻧﮫ اﻟﺷﺟﺎع ـ‬
‫ﺛﻣر اﻟﺷﺟرة اﻟﺷﺊ ـ وﻟده اﻟﺷرﯾر ـ‬
3)evsjv I Aviwe Ki:
our respected parents, their favorite teachers, my valuable time, your intelligent brothers,
his meritorious friends, the wild animals of the jungle, the old persons of the village, the
educated persons of the city, the fresh water of the lake
 64

63k cvV
‫اﻟﻣﺿﺎف اﻟﻣﻔرد واﻟﻣﺿﺎف اﻟﯾﮫ اﻟﻣرﻛب ﻣن اﻟﻣوﺻوف واﻟﺻﻔﺔ‬
‫ ﻣﺿﺎف‬c` GKK Ges ‫ ﻣﺿﺎف اﻟﯾﮫ‬c` ¸YevPK ms‡hvM ‫ﻣرﻛب ﺗوﺻﯾﻔﻰ‬
Ávbx †jv‡Ki †Q‡j ‫وﻟد اﻟرﺟل اﻟﻌﺎﻟم‬ The son of the learned man
f`ª gwnjvi Kb¨vwU ‫ﺑﻧت اﻟﻣرأة اﻟﺷرﯾﻌﺔ‬ The daughter of the gentlewoman
mvnmx evj‡Ki ej ‫ﻛرة اﻟوﻟد اﻟﺷﺟﺎع‬ The ball of the brave boy
fvj ‡Q‡ji eBwU ‫ﻛﺗﺎب اﻟوﻟد اﻟﺻﺎﻟﺢ‬ The book of the good boy
Mfxi mgy‡`ªi cvwb ‫ﻣﺎء اﻟﺑﺣر اﻟﻌﻣﯾق‬ The water of the deep sea
byZb Kj‡gi wbe ‫رﯾﺷﺔ اﻟﻘﻠم اﻟﺟدﯾد‬ The nib of the new pen
‡cvlv weov‡ji †jR ‫ذﻧب اﻟﮭرة اﻻﻟﯾﻔﺔ‬ The tail of the pet cat
b¨vqevb ivRvi †`k ‫ﻣﻠك اﻟﻣﻠك اﻟﻌﺎدل‬ The countery of the just king
j¤^v †jv‡Ki cv ‫رﺟل اﻟرﺟل اﻟطوﯾل‬ The leg of the tall man
`yó †jv‡Ki mšÍvb ‫وﻟد اﻟرﺟل اﻟﺷرﯾر‬ The son of the bad man.
wcÖq eÜzi Kjg ‫ﻗﻠم اﻟﺻدﯾق اﻟﻌزﯾز‬ The pen of the dear friend
eb¨ nwi‡Yi wks 2wU ‫ﻗرﻧﺎ اﻟﻐزال اﻟوﺣﺷﻰ‬ The two tails of the wild deer.
m¤§vwbZ wkÿ‡Ki K_v ‫ﻛﻼم اﻻﺳﺗﺎذ اﻟﻛرﯾم‬ The speech of the respected teacher
DuPz NiwUi Qv` ‫ﺷﻘف اﻟﺑﯾت اﻟﻌﺎﻟﻰ‬ The roof of the tower.
cvKv d‡ji im ‫ﻋﺻﯾر اﻟﺛﻣر اﻟﺑﺎﻧﻊ‬ The juice of the ripe fruit
43k Abykxjbx
1) Aviwe I Bs‡iwR Ki:
M¤¢xi wkÿ‡Ki †Q‡j| wcÖq mšÍv‡bi K_v| Av`k© wkÿ‡Ki †Q‡j| cwÛZ e¨w³i †g‡q| cÖZvekvjx ev`kvi cyÎ| ‡cUzK
†jv‡Ki jvwV| Amf¨ †jv‡Ki cvLv| ejevb †jv‡Ki Kjg| wg_¨vev`x †Pv‡ii K_v| cyivZb hy‡Mi K_v ev Kvwnbx|
`qvjy †jv‡Ki fMœx| `yó †jv‡Ki K_v| mZK© †jv‡Ki bwmnZ| †gŠwLK cixÿvi djvdj| †Mvcbxq K_vi gg©| wZ³
d‡ji im| KuvPv d‡ji im| De©iv Rwgi dmj| my¯’ †`‡ni i³| †QvU wkïi µ›`b| eb¨ cïi Pvgov| mZ¨ev`x
†jv‡Ki Av`k©| †Zvgvi wK KuvPv d‡ji im Av‡Q| †Zvgvi fvB GLb †Kv_vq Av‡Q| KzKz‡ii j¤^v †jR¸‡jv|
†g‡q‡jvK‡`i g~j¨evb †cvlvK ¸‡jv| e„‡ÿi meyR cθwj| wkï‡`i my›`i †Ljbv¸wj Mv‡Qi wgwó dj¸wj| cywóKi
Mvfx ¸‡jvi `ya| eyw×gvb evj‡Ki Rxeb| weL¨vZ Mvq‡Ki gvgv| Lvivc †jv‡Ki wRexKv|
2) niKZ w`‡q evsjv Ki:
‫اﺑن اﻟرﺟل اﻟﺻﺎﻟﺢ ـ ﻗﻠم اﻟطﺎﻟب اﻟﺟﯾد ـ ﺗﻠﻣﯾذ اﻻﺳﺗﺎذ اﻟﺻﺎﻟﺢ ـ ﺑر اﻟواﻟدﯾن ـ ﺧدﻣﺔ اﻟواﻟدﯾن اﻟﺻﺎﻟﺣﯾن ـ اﺳﻣﺎك اﻟﺑﺣر اﻟﻌﻣﯾق ـ‬
‫ﻧﺟوم اﻟﺳﻣﺎء اﻟﻌﻠﻰ ـ اﺳﻣﺎء اﻟرﺟﺎل اﻟﺻﺎﻟﺣﯾن ـ اﺑﻧﺎء اﻟﻧﺳﺎء اﻟﺻﺎﻟﺣﺎت ـ ﻓﻰ اﻟﺑﺋر اﺳﻣﺎك ﻛﺛﯾرة ـ ﻣﺎﻟﮫ وﻟد ﺻﺎﻟﺢ ـ ﻟﮭم ﺻدﯾﻘﺔ‬
‫اﻻﺛﻣﺎر ـ ﻓﻰ اﻟﺳﻣﺎء ﻧﺟوم ـ ﺻﺎﻧﻊ اﻟدار اﻟﻘدﯾم ـ وﻟدك اﻟﻌﺎﻟم ـ اﺑﻧك اﻟرﺣﯾم ـ ھل ھو رﺟل ﺻﺎﻟﺢ ؟ ھل اﻧﺗم رﺟﺎل ازﻛﯾﺎء ـ ھل ھن‬
‫طﺎﻟﺑﺎت ذﻛﯾﺎت ـ ﻓﻰ اﻟﺑﯾﺗﺎن ازھﺎر ﻛﺛﯾرة ـ ھل اﻧت اﺳﺗﺎذ رﺣﯾم ـ ﻧﻌم اﻧﺎ اﺳﺗﺎذ رﺣﯾم ـ ﻗﻠم اﻻﺑن اﻟﺻﺎﻟﺢ ـ ھل اﻧت ﺻﺎﻧﻊ اﻟﺑﻠد‬
‫اﻟﺣﺎذق ـ ﻧﻌم اﻧﺎ ﺻﺎﻧﻊ اﻟﺑﻠد اﻟﺣﺎذق ـ ﺣﯾوان اﻟﺟﺑل اﻟﺑﻌﯾد ـ اﺳﻣﺎك اﻟﻣﺎء اﻟﻣﺎﻟﺢ ـ اﺳﻣﺎك اﻟﻣﺎء اﻟﻌذب ـ‬
3)evsjv I Aviwe Ki:
The horn of the wild deer, the friend of meritorious boy, the cow of the active farmer, the
son of the rich merchant, the fish of sweet water, the water of deep sea, the students of a
famous college
 65

64k cvV
‫( اﻟﺟﻣﻠﺔ اﻻﺳﻣﯾﺔ‬bvg‡evaK evK¨) Nominal Sentence
1) ‫† ﺟﻣﻠﺔ اﺳﻣﯾﺔ‬h ev‡K¨i cÖ_g Ask ‫ اﺳم‬nq Zv‡K ‫ ﺟﻣﻠﺔ اﺳﻣﯾﺔ‬e‡j| Bnvi `yBwU Ask Av‡Q| (1) ‫ ﻣﺑﺗداء‬D‡Ïk¨
(Subject) (2) ‫ ﺧﺑر‬we‡aq (Predicate)
2) ‫ ﻣﺑﺗداء‬D‡Ïk¨ (Subject) ‡h ev‡K¨ †Kvb e¨w³ ev e¯‘ m¤ú‡K© wKQz ejv nq| Zv‡K ‫ ﻣﺑﺗداء‬e‡j| h_v: ‫ زﯾد ﻗﺎﺋم‬hv‡q`
`Ûvqgvb| G ev‡K¨ ‫ زﯾد‬m¤ú‡K© wKQz ejv n‡q‡Q| myZivs ‫ زﯾد‬kãwU ‫ | ﻣﺑﺗداء‬D‡jøL¨ †h ‫† ﻣﺑﺗداء‬K ‫ ﻣﺳﻧد اﻟﯾﮫ‬ev
‫ ﻣﺣﻛوم ﻋﻠﯾﮫ‬I ejv n‡q _v‡K|
3) ‫ ﺧﺑر‬ev we‡aq (Predicate) ev‡K¨ D‡Ïk¨ m¤ú‡K© wKQz ejv nq, Zv‡K ‫ ﺧﺑر‬ev we‡aq e‡j| h_v: ‫ زﯾد ﻗﺎم‬hv‡q`
`Ûvqgvb| G ev‡K¨ ‫ ﻗﺎﺋم‬kãwU ‫ ﺧﺑر‬hvi D‡Ïk¨ (‫ )زﯾد‬m¤ú‡K© ejv n‡q‡Q| myZivs ‫ ﻗﺎﺋم‬kãwU ‫ ﺧﺑر‬Z_v we‡aq|
D‡jøL¨ †h ‫† ﺧﺑر‬K ‫ ﻣﺳﻧد‬ev ‫ ﻣﺣﻛوم ﺑﮫ‬I ejv n‡q _v‡K|
‫ ﻣﺑﺗداء‬I ‫ ﺧﺑر‬Gi K‡ZK Riæix Av‡jvPbv:
1) Aviwe‡Z cÖ_‡g ‫ ﻣﺑﺗداء‬I c‡i ‫ ﺧﺑر‬Av‡m| h_v: ‫ اﻟﻛﺗﺎب ﺟدﯾد‬cy¯ÍKwU byZb|
2) ‫ ﻣﺑﺗداء‬hw` ‫ ﻣذﻛر‬nq Z‡e ‫ ﺧﺑر‬I ‫ ﻣذﻛر‬n‡e| h_v ‫ زﯾد ﺟﺎﻟس‬hv‡q` Dcweó|
3) ‫ ﻣﺑﺗداء‬hw` ‫ ﻣؤﻧث‬nq Z‡e ‫ ﺧﺑر‬I ‫ ﻣؤﻧث‬n‡e| h_v: ‫ اﻟﺑﻧت ﻋﺎﻟﻣﺔ‬Kb¨vwU Ávbx|
4) ‫ ﻣﺑﺗداء‬hw` ‫ واﺣد‬nq Z‡e ‫ ﺧﺑر‬I ‫ واﺣد‬n‡e| h_v: ‫† اﻟرﺟل ﻗﺎﺋم‬jvKwU `Ûvqgvb|
5) ‫ ﻣﺑﺗداء‬hw` ‫ ﺗﺷﺑﯾﮫ‬nq Z‡e ‫ ﺧﺑر‬I ‫ ﺗﺷﺑﯾﮫ‬n‡e| h_v: ‫† اﻟرﺟﻼن ﻋﺎﻟﻣﺎن‬jvK `yÕwU Ávbx|
6) mvaviYZ: ‫ ﻣﺑﺗداء‬c`wU ‫ ﻣﻌرﻓﺔ‬Ges ‫ ﻧﻛرة‬nq| h_v: ‫ اﻟرﺟل ﻗﺎﺋم‬GLv‡b ‫ اﻟرﺟل‬kãwU ‫ ﻣﺑﺗداء‬hv ‫ ﻣﻌرﻓﺔ‬Ges ‫ﻗﺎﺋم‬
kãwU ‫ ﺧﺑر‬hv ‫ ﻧﻛرة‬n‡q‡Q|
7) ‫ ﻋﺎﻣل‬bv _vK‡j mvaviYZ: ‫ ﻣﺑﺗداء‬Ges ‫ ﺧﺑر‬Df‡qi Dci †ck nq| h_v: ‫زﯾد ﻗﺎﺋم‬
8) ‫ ﻣﺑﺗداء‬mvaviYZ ‫ اﺳم‬n‡q _v‡K| h_v: ‫زﯾد ﻗﺎﺋم‬
9) ‫ ﻣﺑﺗداء‬hw` †Kvb e¨w³i bvg nq ZLb Zvi Dci ‫ ال‬KLbI Avm‡ebv| h_v: ‫ زﯾد ﻗﺎﺋم‬GLv‡b ‫ زﯾد‬GKRb wbw`©ó e¨w³
weavq ‫ ال‬Av‡m bvB|
10) ‫ ﻣﺑﺗداء‬c`wU ‫ ﺿﻣﯾر‬I n‡q _v‡K| h_v ‫ ھو زﯾد‬GLv‡b ‫ ھو‬kãwU ‫ ﺿﻣﯾر‬Z_v me©bvg n‡q‡Q|
65 k cvV
‫اﻟﻣﻌﻧﻰ‬ English ‫واﺣد‬ ‫ﺟﻣﻊ‬ ‫اﻟﻣﻌﻧﻰ‬ English ‫واﺣد‬ ‫ﺟﻣﻊ‬
Kvgvi blacksmith ‫ﺣداد‬ ‫ ﺣدادون‬Svoy`vi Sweeper ‫ﻛﻧﺎس‬ ‫ﻛﻧﺎﺳون‬
¯^Y©Kvi Goldsmith ‫ﺻﺎﺋﻎ‬ ‫ ﺻﺎﺋﻐون‬ivLvj Cowboy ‫راﻋﻰ‬ ‫رﻋﺎة‬
‡avcv Washerman ‫ﻣﺻﯾﻔﻰ‬ ‡gliÿK Shepherd ‫راﻋﻰ اﻟﻘطﯾﻊ‬
‡R‡j Fisherman ‫ﺣﯾﺎد‬ ‫‡ ﺣﯾﺎدون‬dixIqvjv Hawker ‫ﺑﺎﺋﻊ ﻣﺗﺟول‬
gywP Cobbler ‫ﺟذاء‬ ‫ ﺟذاﺋون‬NUK Matchmaker ‫ﺛﻘﺎب‬ ‫ﺛﻘﺎﺑون‬
QzZvi Carpenter ‫ﻧﺟﺎر‬ ‫ ﻧﺟﺎرون‬cvnviv`vi Guard ‫ﺣﺎرث‬ ‫ﺣﺎرﺛون‬
gqiv ‫ﺣﻠواﻧﻲ‬ Øvievb Gateman ‫ﺑواب‬ ‫ﺑواﺑون‬
mI`vMi Businessman ‫ﺗﺎﺟر‬ wkíx Artist ‫رﺳﺎم‬ ‫رﺳﺎﺋون‬
‡`vKv›`vi Shopkeeper ‫ﺣﺎﻧوق‬ Kjy Oilman ‫زﯾﺎق‬ ‫زﯾﺎﻗون‬
gwYKvq Jeweler ‫ ﺟوھرﯾون ﺟوھري‬bvwcZ Barbar ‫ﺧﻼق‬ ‫ﺧﻼﻗون‬
ZuvZx Weaver ‫ﺣﺄﻟك ـ ﺣﺑﺎك‬ ‫ ﻧﺎﺳﺞ‬Kzgvi Potter ‫ﺣذاف‬ ‫ﺣذاﻗون‬
MÖš’Kvi Author ‫ﻣؤﻟف‬ ‫ ﻣوﻟﻔون‬K…lK Farmer ‫ﻓﻼح‬ ‫ﻓﻼﺣون‬
ivRwg¯¿x Mason ‫ﺑﻧﺎء‬ ‫` ﺑﻧﺎﺋون‬iRx Tailor ‫ﺣﯾﺎط‬ ‫ﺧﯾﺎطون‬
cvPK Cook ‫طﺑﺎخ‬ ‫` طﺑﺎﺧون‬vjvj Broker ‫ﯾﺧﺳﺎر‬
KmvB Butcher ‫ﻗﺻﺎب‬ ‫ ﻗﺻﺎﺑون‬gRyi Laborer ‫ﻋﺎﻣل‬ ‫ﻋﻣﺎل‬
‡KivYx clerk ‫ﻛﺎﺗب‬ ‫ ﻛﺎﺗﺑون‬gy`x Grocer ‫ﺑدال ـ ﺑﻘﺎل‬ ‫ﺑداﻟون ـ ﺑﻘﺎﻟون‬
Wv³vi Doctor ‫طﺑﯾب‬ ‫ أطﺑﺎء‬wfÿzK Beggar ‫ﺳﺎﺋل‬ ‫ﺳﺎﺋﻠون‬
avÎx midwife ‫ ﻣرﺿﻌﺎت ﻣرﺿﻌﺔ‬wPÎKi painter ‫رھﺎق ـ رﺳﺎم‬ ‫رھﺎﻗون ـ رﺳﺎﻣون‬
 66

66k cvV
hv‡q` Dcw¯’Z ‫زﯾد ﺣﺎﺿر‬ Jayed is present.
‡m GKRb evjK ‫ھو وﻟد‬ He is a boy.
evjKwU mvnmx ‫اﻟوﻟد ﺷﺟﺎع‬ The boy is brave.
Kb¨v 2wU Ávbx ‫اﻟﺑﻧﺗﺎن ﻋﺎﻟﻣﺎن‬ The two daughters are learned.
‡jvKwU wbw`ªZ ‫اﻟرﺟل ﻧﺎﺋم‬ The man is asleep.
‡jvK 2wU wbw`ªZ ‫اﻟرﺟﻼن ﻧﺎﺋﻣﺎن‬ The two men are asleep.
Wv³vi mv‡ne Abycw¯’Z ‫اﻟطﺑﯾب ﻏﺎﺋب‬ The doctor is absent.
Avwg Øvievb ‫اﻧﺎ ﺑواب‬ I am a door keeper.
Svoy`vi GKRb hyeK ‫اﻟﻛﻧﺎس ﺷﺎب‬ The sweeper is a young man.
wfÿzK 2wU j¤^v ‫اﻟﺳﺎﺋﻼن طوﯾﻼن‬ The two beggers are tall.
wPÎKi 2wU Mixe ‫اﻟرﺳﺎﻣون ﻓﻘﯾران‬ The two painters are poor.
K…lK `qvjy ‫اﻟﻔﻼح ﻛرﯾم‬ The farmer is kind.
ivRwg¯¿x PZzi ‫اﻟﺑﻧﺎء ﺷﺎطر‬ The mason is clever.
gy`x 2Rb cÖwm× ‫اﻟﺑﻘﺎﻻن ﻣﺷﮭوران‬ The grocers are wellknown
Zzwg `iRx ‫اﻧت ﺧﯾﺎط‬ You are a tailor.
‡Q‡jwU j¤^v ‫اﻟﺻﯾﺎد طوﯾل‬ The boy is tall.
gv`ivmvwU my›`i ‫اﻟﻣدرﺳﺔ ﺣﺳﻧﯾﺔ‬ The madrasah is nice.

44k Abykxjbx
1) Aviwe I Bs‡iwR Ki:
Kwig GKRb evjK| Kb¨vwU my›`ix| †Q‡j 2wU fvj| wmsn 2wU Kvj| mI`vMi 2wU `yó| †R‡jwU K…cb| hv‡q`
PvjvK| ¯^Y©Kvi 2wU AwfÁ| Zvi 2Rb ØviIqvb| Avwg NUK| Wv³viwU AwfÁ| `iRx wU abx| Zzwg wK KmvB| nv
Avwg KmvB| †Zvgvi wK †Q‡j Av‡Q? nv Avgvi †Q‡j Av‡Q| `iwR 2wU †evKv| wfÿzKwU gRyi| hv‡q` I Kwig 2Rb
K…lK| Kjy I bvwcZ 2Rb fvB| ¯^Y©Kvi 2Rb `yó| mydvwU Kvj| †R‡jwU abx| mgy`ªwU Mfxi| †jvKwU wcoxZ| ¯¿x
†jvKwU my›`ix| cvVwU mnR| K_vwU K‡Vvi| Kb¨v 2wU mykÖx| cvVwU KwVb| †Q‡jwU AnsKvix| gyiMxwU eo| †Q‡j2wU
wek^vmx| †jvK 2wU wg_¨vev`x| Avg 2wU wgó| †g‡q 2wU j¤^v| †jvK 2wU e„×| KvcowU cwi”Qbœ| Zzwg Amy¯’| Kjg
2wU wK cyivZb? nv Kjg 2wU cyivZb| gš¿x 2wU PvjvK|
2)evsjv I Aviwe Ki:
The student is meritorious. The farmer is hard-working. The teachers are sincere. The boys are
clever. The man is honest. His parents are pious. The story is interesting. The day is hot. The car
is old. The field is large. The road is narrow.
67k cvV
Kwig 1Rb evjK Ges iwngv GKRb evwjKv ‫ﻛرﯾم وﻟد ورﺣﯾﻣﺔ ﺑﻧت‬
Avgvi 1wU evjK I Zvi 2wU Kb¨v Av‡Q ‫ﻟﻰ وﻟد وﻟﮫ ﺑﻧﺗﺎن‬
‡jvK 2wU fvj I †Q‡j 2wU `yó ‫اﻟرﺟﻼن ﺻﺎﻟﺣﺎن واﻟوﻟدان ﺷرﯾران‬
‡m GKRb K…lK Ges Zzwg GKRb Svo„`vi ‫ھو ﻓﻼح و اﻧت ﻛﻧﺎس‬
`viIqvb Dcw¯’Z I ivLvj Abycw¯’Z ‫اﻟﺑواب ﺣﺎﺿر و اﻟراﻋﻰ ﻏﺎﺋب‬
‡jvK 2wU mvnmx Ges QvÎ 2wU fxiæ ‫اﻟرﺟﻼن ﺷﺟﺎﻋﺎن واﻟﺗﻠﻣﯾذان ﺧﺎﺋﻔﺎن‬
‡R‡j 2wU cxwoZ ‫اﻟﺻﯾﺎدان ﻋﻠﯾﻼن‬
wZwb Kwe Avcwb wkÿK ‫ھو ﺷﺎﻋر واﻧت ﻣﻌﻠم‬
hv‡q‡`i fvB Ávbx ‫اﺧو زﯾد ﻋﺎﻟم‬
‡Zvgvi wK fvB I †evb Av‡Q? ‫ھل ﻟك أخ و اﺧت ؟‬
hv‡q` GKRb f`ª †jvK ‫زﯾد رﺟل ﺷرﯾف‬
wZwb GKRb b¨vqcivqb ivRv ‫ھو ﻣﻠك ﻋﺎدل‬
 67

Avgvi GKwU e„nr evMvb Av‡Q ‫ﻟﻰ ﺑﺳﺗﺎن ﻋظﯾم‬

wZwb GKRb `qvjy wkÿK ‫ھو اﺳﺗﺎذ ﻛرﯾم‬
‡jvK 2wU AZ¨vPvix Ges Kb¨v 2wU b¨vq civqY ‫اﻟرﺟﻼن ظﺎﻟﻣﺎن وﺑﻧﺗﺎن ﻋﺎدﻟﺗﺎن‬
Kb¨v 2wU †QvU ev eo ‫اﻟﺑﻧﺗﺎن ﺻﻐﯾرﺗﺎن او ﻛﺑﯾرﺗﺎن‬
hv‡q‡`i †Q‡j K…cY ‫اﺑن زﯾد ﺑﺧﯾل‬
‡Zvgvi gvZv `qvjy ‫اﻣك ﺷﻔﯾﻘﺔ‬

Kwig 1Rb evjK Ges iwngv GKRb evwjKv Karim is a boy and Rahima is a girl.
Avgvi 1wU evjK I Zvi 2wU Kb¨v Av‡Q I have a son and he has two daughters.
‡jvK 2wU fvj I †Q‡j 2wU `yó The two men are good and the two sons are naughty.
‡m GKRb K…lK Ges Zzwg GKRb Svo„`vi He is a farmer and you are a sweeper.
`viIqvb Dcw¯’Z I ivLvj Abycw¯’Z The guard is present and the shepherd is absent.
‡jvK 2wU mvnmx Ges QvÎ 2wU fxiæ The two men are brave and the two students are coward.
‡R‡j 2wU cxwoZ The two fishermen are sick.
wZwb Kwe Avcwb wkÿK He is a poet and you are a teacher.
hv‡q‡`i fvB Ávbx Jayed’s brother is learned.
‡Zvgvi wK fvB I †evb Av‡Q? Do you have brother and sister?
hv‡q` GKRb f`ª †jvK Jayed is a gentleman.
wZwb GKRb b¨vqcivqb ivRv He is a just king.
Avgvi GKwU e„nr evMvb Av‡Q I have a large garden.
wZwb GKRb `qvjy wkÿK He is a kind teacher.
‡jvK 2wU AZ¨vPvix Ges Kb¨v 2wU b¨vq civqY The two men are cruel and the two daughters are just.
Kb¨v 2wU †QvU ev eo The two daughters are younger or elder.
hv‡q‡`i †Q‡j K…cY The son of Jayed is miser.
‡Zvgvi gvZv `qvjy Your mother is kind.
45k Abykxjbx
1) Aviwe I Bs‡iwR Ki:
Kwi‡gi Kb¨v eyw×gZx| †jvK 2wU iæMœ Ges †Q‡j 2wU my¯’| †Zvgvi fvB wK Ávbx? n¨uv Avgvi fvB Ávbx| R½‡ji
wmsnwU eo| †Zvgvi fvB‡qi cyÎ| Kwig †Zvgvi fvB| myÎai †Zvgvi eÜz| wms‡ni GKwU †jR Av‡Q| Mvfxi `yÕwU
Pÿz| 2wU Kvb I 2wU bvK Av‡Q| Kwig hv‡q‡`i fvB| e„× †jvKwUi 2wU Kb¨v I 2wU cyÎ Av‡Q| †Zvgvi fvB
†Kv_vq? Lv‡j‡`i `vox j¤^v| Zvi Kb¨v I †Zvgvi cyÎ| Avgiv 2Rb QvÎ A_ev †Zvgiv 2Rb K…lK| †Zvgvi fvB‡qi
Kb¨v| †Zvgiv wK gv`ivmvi QvÎ| hv‡q` GKRb wkíx| Zzwg wK Kvgvi? nv Avwg Kvgvi| hv‡q` GKRb `qvjy wkÿK
Ges dv‡Zgv GKRb `qvjy wkÿqÎx| mI`vM‡ii bvg wK? mI`vM‡ii bvg Avãyjøvn| QvÎvev‡m A‡bK QvÎ Av‡Q|
N‡ii Rvbvjv †Lvjv| gv`ivmvi jvB‡eªix eo| m~h© AvKv‡ki g‡a¨ Av‡Q| Avjwgivi Pvwe †Uwe‡ji Dci Av‡Q| c„w_ex
†MvjvKvi| mgq Aí| XvKv evsjv‡`‡ki ivRavbx|
2)evsjv I Aviwe Ki:
His father is hardworking. The son of Rahim is meritorious. The people of the village are pious.
The people of the city are educated. They have a large garden. Jayed’s uncle has a nice house.
Cox’s Bazar sea beach is long. The famous madrasah is in our locality. The longest sea beach is
in our Cox’s Bazar.
 68

68k cvV
‫ ﻣﺑﺗداء‬I ‫ ﺧﺑر‬Gi Av‡iv K‡ZK Riæix Av‡jvPbv
1) ‫ ﻣﺑﺗداء‬hw` ‫ ﺟﻣﻊ ﻣذﻛر ﺳﺎﻟم ﻋﺎﻗل‬Z_v gbyl¨evPK (cy:) wbqwgZ eûePb nq Z‡e ‫† ﺧﺑر‬K ‫ ﺟﻣﻊ ﻣذﻛر ﺳﺎﻟم‬Z_v (c~:)
wbqwgZ eûePb Avb‡Z n‡e| h_v: ‫ اﻟﻣﺳﻠﻣون ﻋﺎﻗﻠون‬gymjgvb (cy:) Ávbx|
2) ‫ ﻣﺑﺗداء‬hw` ‫ ﺟﻣﻊ ﻣؤﻧث ﺳﺎﻟم ﻋﺎﻗل‬Z_v gbyl¨ evPK (¯¿x) wbqwgZ eûePb nq Z‡e ‫† ﺧﺑر‬K ‫ ﺟﻣﻊ ﻣؤﻧث ﺳﺎﻟم‬wKsev
‫ واﺣد ﻣؤﻧث‬Avb‡Z n‡e| h_v: (1) ‫ ﺟﻣﻊ ﻣؤﻧث ﺳﺎﻟم‬h_v- ‫ اﻟﻣﺳﻠﻣﺎن ﻋﺎﻗﻼن‬gymwjg bvixMY Ávbx| (2) ‫واﺣد ﻣؤﻧث‬
h_v: ‫اﻟﻣﺳﻠﻣﺎن ﻋﺎﻗﻠﺔ‬
3) ‫ ﻣﺑﺗداء‬hw` ‫ ﺟﻣﻊ ﺳﺎﻟم ﻏﯾر ﻋﺎﻗل‬Z_v Agbyl¨ evPK wbqwgZ eûePb nq Z‡e ‫† ﺧﺑر‬K ‫ واﺣد ﻣؤﻧث‬Avb‡Z n‡e| h_v:
‫ اﻟﺑﻘرات ﻋظﯾﻣﺔ‬Mvfx¸‡jv eo eo|
4) ‫ ﻣﺑﺗداء‬hw` ‫ ﺟﻣﻊ ﻣﻛﺳر ﻋﺎﻗل‬Z_v gbyl¨ evPK AwbqwgZ eûePbnq Z‡e ‫† ﺧﺑر‬K ‫ ﺟﻣﻊ ﺳﺎﻟم‬wKsev ‫واﺣد ﻣؤﻧث‬
Avb‡Z n‡e| h_v:
K) (1) ‫ ﺧﺑر‬c` ‫ ﺟﻣﻊ ﻣذﻛر ﺳﺎﻟم‬h_v: ‫ اﻻوﻻد ﺻﺎﻟﺣون‬evjK¸wj mr|
(2) ‫ ﺧﺑر‬c` ‫ واﺣد ﻣؤﻧث‬h_v: ‫ اﻻوﻻد ﺻﺎﻟﺣﺔ‬evwjKv¸‡jv mr|
L) (1) ‫ﺧﺑر‬c` ‫ ﺟﻣﻊ ﻣؤﻧث ﺳﺎﻟم‬h_v: ‫¿¯اﻻزواج ﺻﺎﻟﺣﺎت‬xiv mZx mvaŸx|
(2) ‫ ﺧﺑر‬c` ‫ واﺣد ﻣؤﻧث‬h_v: ‫¿¯ اﻻزواج ﺻﺎﻟﺣﺔ‬xiv mZx mvaŸx|
5) ‫ ﻣﺑﺗداء‬hw` ‫ ﺟﻣﻊ ﻣذﻛر ﻏﯾر ﻋﺎﻗل‬Z_v Agbyl¨ evPK AwbqwgZ eûePb, nq Z‡e ‫† ﺧﺑر‬K ‫ واﺣد ﻣؤﻧث‬Avb‡Z n‡e|
h_v: ‫ اﻟطﯾور ﺟﻣﯾﻠﺔ‬cvLx¸‡jv my›`i|
6) ‫ ﻣﺑﺗداء‬hw` †Kvb e¨w³i bvg bv nq ev ‫ ﺿﻣﯾر‬bv nq Z‡e ‫ ﻣﺑﺗداء‬Gi Dci ‫ ال‬Avm‡e| h_v: ‫† اﻟرﺟل ﻧﺎﺋم‬jvKwU wbw`ªZ|
7) D‡jøL¨ †h Aviwe‡Z mvaviYZ: †Kvb MÖvg, kni, wKsev, iv‡óªi bv‡gi Dci ‫ ال‬Avm‡ebv| Avi ‫ ﻣﺑﺗداء‬nIqvi †ejvq I
‫ ال‬Avm‡ebv| h_v : ‫ ﻣﺻر ﺑﻠد‬wgmi GKwU ivóª| ‫ ﻣﻛﺔ ﺑﻠد ﷲ‬g°v Avjøvni kni| Avevi K‡ZK kni ev ivóª Av‡Q hvi
Dci ‫ ال‬G‡m _v‡K| h_v: ‫ اﻟﻣدﯾﻧﺔ ﻣدﯾﻧﺔ‬gw`bv GKwU kni| ‫ اﻟﮭﻧد ﺑﻠد‬fviZ GKwU ivóª|
69 k cvV (‫)اﻟﻣﻔردات‬
evsjv ‫ﻣﻌﻧﻰ‬ English evsjv ‫ﻣﻌﻧﻰ‬ English
mv`v ‫اﺑﯾض‬ white evPvj ‫ﺛرﺛﺎء‬/‫ﻣﻛﺛﺎر‬ talkative
jvj ‫اﺣﻣر‬ red cywóKi ‫ﻧﻐذى‬ nutritious
Kvj ‫أﺳود‬ black wek^¯Í ‫أﺑﺋن‬ faithful
meyR ‫اﺣﺿر‬ green ¤øvb ‫ﻣرھق‬ pale
nj‡` ‫اﺻﻔر‬ yellow ‡Nvi jvj ‫ﻗرﯾزى‬ crimson
ev`vgx ‫أﺳﻣر‬ brown UKU‡K jvj crimson
AÜ ‫اﻋﻣﻰ‬ blind i³v³ ‫ﻟون اﻻرﺟوان‬ bloody
‡evev ‫اﺧرس‬ dumb ‡MŠieY© ‫وﺳﯾم‬/‫ﺟﻣﯾل‬ cream-colored
eaxi ‫اﺻم‬ deaf ‡e¸wb ‫ﺑﻧﺿﺟﻰ‬ violet
U¨viv ‫اﻋور‬ squint- eyed evKv ‫ﻣﻧﺣن‬ curved
a~mi ‫رﻣﺎدى‬ gray bg&ª ‫ ﻣﮭذب‬/ ‫ﻟطﯾف‬ polite
Kgjv ‫ﺑرﺗﻘﺎل‬ orange gqjv ‫ وﺳﺦ‬/ ‫ﻗذر‬ dirty
‡Mvjvcx ‫ﻓرﻧﻔﻠﻲ‬ rosy DcKvix ‫ ﻧﺎﻓﻊ‬/‫ﻣﻔﯾد‬ useful
d¨vKv‡mv ‫ﻣﺷﺎﺣب‬/‫ﺑﺎھت‬ pale `yišÍ ‫ﺷرﯾر‬ agile
k¨vgeY© ‫ﻟون راﻛن‬ pale-hued Z…òv_© ‫ﻋطﺷﺎن‬ thirsty
cÖwm× ‫ﻣﻌروف‬/‫ﺷﮭﯾر‬/‫ﻣﺷﮭور‬ famous Av‡jvwKZ ‫ﻣﻧور‬ enlightened
A¤øvb ‫ﻣرھق‬ bright `vgx ‫ ﻧﻔﯾس‬/ ‫ﺛﻣﯾن‬ costly
KzL¨vZ ‫ردى اﻟﺳﻣﻌﺔ‬ notorious AnsKvix ‫ﻣﺗﻛﺑر‬ arrogant
ÿzavZ© ‫ﺟﺎﺋﻊ‬ hungry A‡K‡Rv ‫ﺑﺎطل‬ worthless
Kg©U ‫ﻓﻌﺎل‬/‫ﻧﺎﺷط‬ active
axi ‫ﺣﻔﯾف‬ slow
 ‫‪69‬‬

‫ﺟﻣﻊ‬ ‫ﺗﺛﻧﯾﺔ‬ ‫واﺣد‬ ‫ﺟﻣﻊ‬ ‫ﺗﺛﻧﯾﺔ‬ ‫واﺣد‬

‫ﺑرﺗﻘﺎﻻت‬ ‫ﺑرﺗﻘﺎل ﺑرﺗﻘﺎﻻن‬ ‫رﻣﺎدﯾﺎت‬ ‫رﻣﺎدﯾﺎن‬ ‫رﻣﺎدى‬
‫ﻗرﻧﻔﻠﯾﺎت‬ ‫ﻗرﻧﻔﻠﻰ ﻗرﻧﻔﻠﯾﺎن‬ ‫ﻗرﯾذﯾﺎت‬ ‫ﻓردﯾﺎن‬ ‫ﻓرﯾدى‬
‫ﺷﺎﺣﺑون‬ ‫ﺷﺎﺣب ﺷﺎﺣﺑﺎن‬ ‫وﺳﻣﺎء ‪ /‬وﺳﺎم‬ ‫وﺳﯾﻣﺎن‬ ‫وﺳﯾم‬
‫ﺑﺎھﺗﺎت‬ ‫ﺑﺎھﺗﺎن‬ ‫ﺑﺎھت‬ ‫ﺟﻣﯾﻠون‬ ‫ﺟﻣﯾﻼن‬ ‫ﺟﻣﯾل‬
‫ﻣﻌروف ﻣﻌروﻓﺎن ﻣﻌروﻓون‬ ‫ﻣﺣﻧﯾون‬ ‫ﻣﺣﻧﯾﺎن‬ ‫ﻣﺣن‬
‫ﺷﮭﯾرون‬ ‫ﺷﮭﯾران‬ ‫ﺷﮭﯾر‬ ‫ﻣﮭذﺑون‬ ‫ﻣﮭذﺑﺎن‬ ‫ﻣﮭذب‬
‫ﺟﺎﺋﻌون‬ ‫ﺟﺎﺋﻌﺎن‬ ‫ﺟﺎﺋﻊ‬ ‫ﻟطﺎف‪ /‬ﻟطﻔﺎء‬ ‫ﻟطﯾﻔﺎن‬ ‫ﻟطﯾف‬
‫ﻓﻌﺎﻟون‬ ‫ﻓﻌﺎﻻن‬ ‫ﻓﻌﺎل‬ ‫اﻗذار‬ ‫ﻗذران‬ ‫ﻗذر‬
‫ﻧﺎﺷطون‬ ‫ﻧﺎﺷطﺎن‬ ‫ﻧﺎﺷط‬ ‫اوﺳﺎخ‬ ‫وﺳﺧﺎن‬ ‫وﺳﺦ‬
‫ﺣﺻﺎﻗف‬ ‫ﺣﺻﻘف ﺣﺻﻘﻔﺎن‬ ‫ﻧﺎﻓﻌون‬ ‫ﻧﺎﻓﻌﺎن‬ ‫ﻧﺎﻓﻊ‬
‫ﺛرﺛﺎرون‬ ‫ﺛرﺛﺎران‬ ‫ﺛرﺛﺎر‬ ‫ﻣﻔﯾدون‬ ‫ﻣﻔﯾدان‬ ‫ﻣﻔﯾد‬
‫ﻣﻛﺛﺎرون‬ ‫ﻣﻛﺛﺎران‬ ‫ﻣﻛﺛﺎر‬ ‫ﺷرار‬ ‫ﺷراران‬ ‫ﺷرﯾر‬
‫ﻣﻐذﯾون‬ ‫ﻣﻐذﯾﺎن‬ ‫ﻋطﺎﺷﻰ ‪/‬ﻋطﺎش‪/‬ﻋطﺷﻰ ﻣﻐذى‬ ‫ﻋطﺷﺎﻧﺎن‬ ‫ﻋطﺷﺎن‬
‫أﻣﻧﺎء‬ ‫أﻣﻧﯾﺎن‬ ‫أﻣﯾن‬ ‫ﻣﻧورون‬ ‫ﻣﻧوران‬ ‫ﻣﻧور‬
‫ﻣرھﻘون‬ ‫ﻣرھق ﻣرھﻘﺎن‬ ‫ﻧﻔﺎﺋﯾس‬ ‫ﻧﻔﯾﺳﺎن‬ ‫ﻧﻔﯾس‬
‫ﻣﺗﻛﺑرون‬ ‫ﻣﺗﻛﺑر ﻣﺗﻛﺑران‬ ‫ﺛﻣﯾﻧﺎن‬ ‫ﺛﻣﯾن‬
‫ﺑﺎطﻠون‬ ‫ﺑﺎطﻼن‬ ‫ﺑﺎطل‬ ‫ﺑﯾض‬ ‫اﺑﯾﺿﺎن‬ ‫أﺑﯾض‬
‫ﺑﯾض‬ ‫ﺑﯾﺿﺎء ﺑﯾﺿﺎوان‬ ‫ﺣﻣر‬ ‫أﺣﻣران‬ ‫أﺣﻣر‬
‫ﺣﻣراء ﺣﻣراوان ﺣﻣر‪/‬ﺣﻣران‬ ‫ﺳود‪/‬ﺳودان‬ ‫أﺳودان‬ ‫أﺳود‬
‫ﺳود‬ ‫ﺳوداء ﺳوداوان‬ ‫ﺧﺿر‬ ‫اﺣﺿران‬ ‫اﺧﺿر‬
‫ﺣﺿراء ﺧﺿراوان ﺧﺿروات‬ ‫ﺻﻔر‬ ‫اﺻﻔران‬ ‫اﺻﻔر‬
‫ﺻﻔر‬ ‫ﺻﻔراء ﺻﻔراوان‬ ‫ﺳﻣر‬ ‫ﺳﻣراوان‬ ‫ﺳﻣراء‬
‫ﺳﻣر‬ ‫اﺳﻣران‬ ‫ﻋﻣﻰ‪/‬ﻋﻣﯾﺎن‪/‬أﻋﻣﺎء‪/‬ﻋﻣﺎة أﺳﻣر‬ ‫اﻋﻣﯾﺎن‬ ‫أﻋﻣﻰ‬
‫ﻋﻣﻰ‬ ‫ﺣرس‪/‬ﺣرﺳﺎن‪/‬اﺣﺎرس ﻋﻣﯾﺎء ﻋﻣﯾﺎوان‬ ‫اﺣرﺳﺎن‬ ‫اﺧرس‬
‫ﻓرس‬ ‫ﻓرﺳﺎء ﻓرﺳﺎوان‬ ‫ﺻم‬ ‫اﺻﻣﺎن‬ ‫اﺻم‬
‫ﺣم‬ ‫ﺣﻣﺎوان‬ ‫ﺣﻣﺎء‬ ‫ﻋور‪/‬ﻋوران‪/‬ﻋﯾران‬ ‫اﻋوران‬ ‫اﻋور‬
‫ﻋور‬ ‫ﻋوراء ﻋوراوان‬

‫ﻣوﻧث‬ ‫ﻣذﻛر‬ ‫ﻣوﻧث‬ ‫ﻣذﻛر‬ ‫ﻣوﻧث‬ ‫ﻣذﻛر‬

‫ﺑﯾﺿﺎء‬ ‫اﺑﯾض‬ ‫ﺣﻣراء‬ ‫أﺣﻣر‬ ‫ﺳوداء‬ ‫أﺳود‬
‫ﺣﺿراء‬ ‫اﺣﺿر‬ ‫ﺻﻔراء‬ ‫أﺻﻔر‬ ‫ﺳﻣراء‬ ‫أﺳﻣر‬
‫ﻋﻣﯾﺎء‬ ‫أﻋﻣﻰ‬ ‫ﻓرﺳﺎء‬ ‫أﻓرس‬ ‫ﺣﻣﺎء‬ ‫أﺣم‬
‫ﻋوراء‬ ‫أﻋور‬
‫‪ I‬ﺻﻔت ‪ Gi mgš^‡q †h evK¨ MwVZ nq, Zv c~Y© A_© †evaK nq| Avi‬ﺧﺑر ‪ I‬ﻣﺑﺗداء ‪ : †gŠwjK cv_©K¨-‬ﻓرق ﻣﻌﻧوى‬
‫|‪ Gi mgš^‡q †h evK¨ MwVZ nq, Zv c~Y© A_©‡evaK nqbv A_©vr e³vi K_v †kÖvZvi wbKU c~Y© †evaMg¨ nqbv‬ﻣوﺻوف‬
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72k cvV
‡KnB Dcw¯’Z b‡n ‫ﻣﺎاﺣد ﺣﺎﺿر‬ Nobody is present.
evjK AÜ b‡n ‫ﻣﺎ اﻟوﻟد اﻋﻣﻰ‬/‫ﻣﺎوﻟد اﻋﻣﻰ‬ The boy is not blind.
KvcowU aymi b‡n ‫ﻣﺎاﻟﺛوب رﻣﺎدى‬/‫ﻣﺎ ﺛوب رﻣﺎدى‬ The cloth is not grey.
‡jvKwU wK wbw`ªZ ‫ھل اﻟرﺟل ﻧﺎﺋم؟‬/‫ھل رﺟل ﻧﺎﺋم‬ Is the man asleep.
‡jvKwU wK Ávbx ‫ھل اﻟرﺟل ﻋﺎﻟم؟‬/‫ھل رﺟل ﻋﺎﻟم‬ Is the man learned?
KjgwU †Uwe‡ji Dci Av‡Q ‫اﻟﻘﻠم ﻋﻠﻰ اﻟطﺎوﻟﺔ‬ The pen is on the table.
eBwU Zv‡Ki g‡a¨ Av‡Q ‫اﻟﻛﺗﺎب ﻋﻠﻰ اﻟﻣﺷﻛوة ـ‬ The book is on the shelf.
‡Zvgvi wbKU KjgwU Av‡Q ‫اﻟﻘﻠم ﻋﻧدك ـ ﻟك اﻟﻘﻠم ـ‬ You have the pen.
‡Zvgv‡`i wbKU eB¸‡jv Av‡Q ‫اﻟﻛﺗب ﻋﻧدﻛم ـ‬ You have the books.
cy¯ÍK we‡µZv gymwjg ‫ﺑﺎﺋﻊ اﻟﻛﺗﺎب ﻣﺳﻠم‬ The book seller is muslim.
Kj‡gi gvwjK hv‡q` ‫ﻣﺎﻟك اﻟﻘﻠم زﯾد‬ The owner of the pen is Jayed.
‡Q‡ji cÖnviKvix wkÿK ‫اﺳﺗﺎذ ﺿﺎرب اﻟوﻟد‬ The beater of the boy is teacher
‡m hqbe ‫ھﻰ زﯾﻧب‬ She is Joynab.
Zviv `yÕRb hqbe ‫ھﻣﺎ اﻟزﯾﻧﺑﺎن‬ They two are Joynabs.
Zviv hqbe ‫ ھن اﻟزﯾﺎﻧب‬/‫ھن اﻟزﯾﻧﺑﺎت‬ They are Joynabs.
‡jvKwUB Ávbx ‫اﻟرﺟل ھو اﻟﻌﺎﻟم‬ The man is learned.
KjgwU †Zvgvi wbKU Av‡Q ‫اﻟﻘﻠم ﻋﻧدك‬ You have the pen.
47 Abykxjbx
1) Aviwe I Bs‡iwR Ki:
‡Zvgvi wK cyÎ Av‡Q? nv Avgvi cyÎ Av‡Q| †Zvgv‡`i fvB †Kv_vq? Avgv‡`i fvB gv`ivmvq Av‡Q| eBwU Avgvi wbKU
Av‡Q| eBwU wK †Zvgvi wbKU Av‡Q| nv eBwU Avgvi wbKU Av‡Q| jvj wmsnwU †Kv_vq? jvj wmsnwU R½‡j| evjKwU
my›`i| †g‡q †jvKwU †QvU| KjgwU fvj| Zviv (¯¿x) †K? Zviv mevB evjK| NiwUi gvwjK Lv‡j`| cyKziwUi
cvnviv`vi gyL©| gv`ivmvi cvnviv`vi gyL© †jvKwU| †Zvgv‡`i wbKU wK Avgvi KjgwU Av‡Q? nv Avgv‡`i wbKU
†Zvgvi KjgwU Av‡Q| Avjøvn m„wóKZ©v| Avjøvn wK m„wóKZ©v? Avjøvn wK †Zvgv‡`i m„wóKZ©v? nv wZwb Avgv‡`i m„wóKZ©v
I cvjbKZ©v| Kb¨v 2wU wK Ávbx|
2)evsjv I Aviwe Ki:
The boy is his brother. Where is your uncle. My uncle is not home. He is outside. Do you
have any pen? Yes, I have a pen. It is in the beg. The women of the village are very pious.
73k cvV
(‫)اﺳﻣﺎء اﻻﺷﺎرة‬
wb‡`©wkKv me©bvg Demonstrative Pronoun
‫اﺳﻣﺎء اﻻﺷﺎرة‬: H wb‡`©kK me©bvg‡K e‡j hvi Øviv †Kvb e¨w³, e¯‘ ev cÖvYxi w`‡K Bw½Z Kiv nq|
h_v: ‫ ھﺬا اﻟﻮﻟﺪ‬GB evjKwU|
‫ ﻣﺸﺎر اﻟﯿﮫ‬: H ‫† اﺳﻢ‬K ejv nq †h ‫ اﺳﻢ‬Gi w`‡K ‫ اﺳﻢ اﻻﺷﺎرة‬Øviv Bw½Z Kiv nq| h_v: ‫ ھﺬا اﻟﺮﺟﻞ‬G †jvKwU| D`vniY
‫ اﻟﺮﺟﻞ‬kãwU GKwU ‫ اﺳﻢ‬hvi w`‡K ‫( اﺳﻢ اﺷﺎرة‬Z_v wb‡`©kK me©bvg) ‫ ھﺬا‬Øviv Bw½Z Kiv n‡q‡Q| myZivs ‫ اﻟﺮﺟﻞ‬kãwU
‫ﻣﺸﺎر اﻟﯿﮫ‬
‫ اﺳﻢ اﻻﺷﺎرة‬wZb cªKvi:
1) ‫ اﺳﻢ اﻻﺷﺎرة ﻟﻠﻘﺮﯾﺐ‬wbKUeZx© wb‡`©kK me©bvg| Demonstrative Pronoun for near.
2) ‫ اﺳﻢ اﻻﺷﺎرة اﻟﻤﺘﻮﺳﻂ‬ga¨eZx© wb‡`©kK me©bvg| Demonstrative Pronoun
3) ‫~` اﺳﻢ اﻻﺷﺎرة ﻟﻠﺒﻌﯿﺪ‬ieZ©x wb‡`©kK me©bvg| Demonstrative Pronoun for far.
‫ اﺳﻢ اﻻﺷﺎرة ﻟﻠﻘﺮﯾﺐ‬: H me©bvg‡K e‡j, †h mKj me©bvg Øviv wbKUeZx© †Kvb e¨w³, e¯‘ ev cÖvYxi w`‡K Bw½Z Kiv nq|
h_v: ‫ ھﺬا اﻟﻜﺘﺎب‬G cy¯ÍKwU| GLv‡b ‫ ھﺬا‬n‡”Q ‫ اﺳﻢ اﻻﺷﺎرة ﻟﻠﻘﺮﯾﺐ‬Z_v wbKUeZx© wb‡`©kK me©bvg|
‫ اﺳﻢ اﻻﺷﺎرة ﻟﻠﻤﺘﻮﺳﻂ‬: H me©bvg‡K ‡K e‡j, †h mKj me©bvg Øviv ga¨eZx© †Kvb e¨w³, e¯‘ ev cÖvYxi w`‡K Bw½Z Kiv
nq| h_v: ‫ ذاﻟﻚ اﻟﻜﺘﺎب‬G cy¯ÍKwU| GLv‡b ‫ ذاﻟﻚ‬n‡”Q ‫ اﺳﻢ اﻻﺷﺎرة ﻟﻠﻤﺘﻮﺳﻂ‬Z_v ga¨eZx© © wb‡`©kK me©bvg|
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‫|‪ : H me©bvg‡K ‡K e‡j, †h mKj me©bvg Øviv `~ieZx© †Kvb e¨w³, e¯‘ ev cÖvYxi w`‡K Bw½Z Kiv nq‬اﺳﻢ اﻻﺷﺎرة ﻟﻠﺒﻌﯿﺪ‬
‫|‪ Z_v `~ieZx© wb‡`©kK me©bvg‬اﺳﻢ اﻻﺷﺎرة ﻟﻠﺒﻌﯿﺪ ‪ n‡”Q‬ذاﻟﻚ ‪ H cy¯ÍKwU| GLv‡b‬ذاﻟﻚ اﻟﻜﺘﺎب ‪h_v:‬‬
‫‪ Gi cÖKvi‡f‡`i iƒcvšÍi †`Iqv nj:‬اﺳﻢ اﺷﺎرة ‪wb‡¤œ‬‬
‫اﺳﻢ اﻻﺷﺎرة ﻟﻠﻘﺮﯾﺐ )‪(1‬‬
‫ﺟﻤﻊ‬ ‫ﺗﺜﻨﯿﺔ‬ ‫واﺣﺪ‬
‫ھﺆﻻء‬ ‫ذان‬ ‫ذا‬
‫ﻣﺬﻛﺮ‬
‫ھﻮﻻء‬ ‫ھﺬان‬ ‫ھﺬا‬
‫ھﻮﻻء‬ ‫ﺗﺎه‬ ‫ذه‬
‫ﻣﺆﻧﺚ‬
‫ھﻮﻻء‬ ‫ھﺎﺗﺎن‬ ‫ھﺬه‬

‫ھﺬا ـ ذا‬ ‫واﺣﺪ ﻣﺬﻛﺮ ‪ Gi‬اﺳﻢ اﻻﺷﺎرة ﻟﻠﻘﺮﯾﺐ‬ ‫‪A_©vr‬‬ ‫‪GB ev Bnv GKRb‬‬ ‫‪cy:‬‬
‫ھﺬان ـ ذان‬ ‫" "‬ ‫ﺗﺜﻨﯿﺔ " " ‪Gi‬‬ ‫‪A_©vr‬‬ ‫‪GB ev Bnv `yBRb‬‬ ‫‪cy:‬‬
‫ھﻮﻻء‬ ‫" "‬ ‫ﺟﻤﻊ " " ‪Gi‬‬ ‫‪A_©vr‬‬ ‫‪GB¸wj ev Giv mKj‬‬ ‫‪cy:‬‬
‫ذه ـ ھﺬه‬ ‫" "‬ ‫واﺣﺪ ﻣﺆﻧﺚ ‪Gi‬‬ ‫‪A_©vr‬‬ ‫‪GB ev Bnv GKRb‬‬ ‫‪¯¿x‬‬
‫ھﺎﺗﺎن ـ ﺗﺎن‬ ‫" "‬ ‫ﺗﺜﻨﯿﺔ " " ‪Gi‬‬ ‫‪A_©vr‬‬ ‫‪GB ev Bnv `yBRb‬‬ ‫‪¯¿x‬‬
‫ھﻮﻻء‬ ‫" "‬ ‫ﺟﻤﻊ " " ‪Gi‬‬ ‫‪A_©vr‬‬ ‫‪GB¸wj ev Giv mKj‬‬ ‫‪¯¿x‬‬
‫اﺳﻢ اﻻﺷﺎرة ﻟﻠﻤﺘﻮﺳﻂ )‪(2‬‬
‫ﺟﻤﻊ‬ ‫ﺗﺜﻨﯿﺔ‬ ‫واﺣﺪ‬
‫اوﻟﺌﻚ‬ ‫ذاﻧﻚ‬ ‫ذاك‬
‫ﻣﺬﻛﺮ‬
‫اوﻟﺌﻚ‬ ‫ﺗﺎﻧﻚ‬ ‫ﺗﺎك‬
‫ﻣﺆﻧﺚ‬

‫اﺳﻢ اﻻﺷﺎرة ﻟﻠﻤﺘﻮﺳﻂ ذاك‬ ‫‪ A_©vr‬واﺣﺪ ﻣﺬﻛﺮ ‪Gi‬‬ ‫‪GB GKRb‬‬ ‫‪cy:‬‬
‫ذاﻧﻚ‬ ‫" "‬ ‫‪ A_©vr‬ﺗﺜﻨﯿﺔ " " ‪Gi‬‬ ‫‪GB `yBRb‬‬ ‫‪cy:‬‬
‫اوﻟﺌﻚ‬ ‫" "‬ ‫‪ A_©vr‬ﺟﻤﻊ " " ‪Gi‬‬ ‫‪GB¸wj‬‬ ‫‪cy:‬‬
‫ﺗﺎك‬ ‫" "‬ ‫‪ A_©vr‬واﺣﺪ ﻣﺆﻧﺚ ‪Gi‬‬ ‫‪GB GKRb‬‬ ‫‪¯¿x‬‬
‫ﺗﺎﻧﻚ‬ ‫" "‬ ‫‪ A_©vr‬ﺗﺜﻨﯿﺔ " " ‪Gi‬‬ ‫‪GB `yBRb‬‬ ‫‪¯¿x‬‬
‫اوﻟﺌﻚ‬ ‫" "‬ ‫‪ A_©vr‬ﺟﻤﻊ " " ‪Gi‬‬ ‫‪GB¸wj‬‬ ‫‪¯¿x‬‬
‫اﺳﻢ اﻻﺷﺎرة ﻟﻠﺒﻌﯿﺪ )‪(3‬‬
‫ﺟﻤﻊ‬ ‫ﺗﺜﻨﯿﺔ‬ ‫واﺣﺪ‬
‫اوﻟﺌﻚ‬ ‫ذاﻧﻚ‬ ‫ذاك‬
‫ﻣﺬﻛﺮ‬
‫اوﻟﺌﻚ‬ ‫ﺗﺎﻧﻚ‬ ‫ﺗﺎك‬
‫ﻣﺆﻧﺚ‬

‫ذاك‬ ‫اﺳﻢ اﻻﺷﺎرة ﻟﻠﺒﻌﯿﺪ‬ ‫‪Gi‬‬ ‫واﺣﺪ ﻣﺬﻛﺮ‬ ‫‪A_©vr‬‬ ‫‪H ev Dnv GKRb‬‬ ‫‪cy:‬‬
‫ذاﻧﻚ‬ ‫" "‬ ‫‪Gi‬‬ ‫ﺗﺜﻨﯿﺔ " "‬ ‫‪A_©vr‬‬ ‫‪H ev Dnv `yBRb‬‬ ‫‪cy:‬‬
‫اوﻟﺌﻚ‬ ‫" "‬ ‫‪Gi‬‬ ‫ﺟﻤﻊ " "‬ ‫‪A_©vr‬‬ ‫‪H¸wj ev Iiv mKj‬‬ ‫‪cy:‬‬
‫ﺗﻠﻚ‬ ‫" "‬ ‫‪Gi‬‬ ‫واﺣﺪ ﻣﺆﻧﺚ‬ ‫‪A_©vr‬‬ ‫‪H ev Dnv GKRb‬‬ ‫‪¯¿x‬‬
‫ﺗﺎﻧﻚ‬ ‫" "‬ ‫‪Gi‬‬ ‫ﺗﺜﻨﯿﺔ " "‬ ‫‪A_©vr‬‬ ‫‪H ev Dnv `yBRb‬‬ ‫‪¯¿x‬‬
‫اوﻟﺌﻚ‪ /‬اوﻻﺋﻚ‬ ‫" "‬ ‫‪Gi‬‬ ‫ﺟﻤﻊ " "‬ ‫‪A_©vr‬‬ ‫‪H¸wj ev Iiv mKj‬‬ ‫‪¯¿x‬‬
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74k cvV
Aviwe fvlvq Avi GK cÖKvi ‫ اﺳﻢ اﻻﺷﺎرة‬Gi mÜvb cvIqv hvq, hv‡K ‫ اﺳﻢ اﻻﺷﺎرة ﻟﻠﻤﻜﺎن‬ev ¯’vb wb‡`©kK me©bvk
ejv nq| Bnv wZb fv‡M wef³|
1) ‫ اﺳﻢ اﻻﺷﺎرة ﻟﻠﻤﻜﺎن اﻟﻘﺮﯾﺐ‬: wbKUeZx© ¯’vb wb‡`©kK me©bvg H mg¯Í k‡ãi bvg hv Øviv wbKUeZx© ¯’v‡bi cÖwZ Bw½Z
Kiv nq| h_v: ‫ ھﻨﺎ‬Ges ‫† | ھﮭﻨﺎ‬hgb: ‫ ھﻨﺎ ﻣﺪرﺳﺔ ـ ھﮭﻨﺎ ﻣﺪرﺳﺔ‬GLv‡b GKwU gv`ivmv Av‡Q|
2) ‫ اﺳﻢ اﻻﺷﺎرة ﻟﻠﻤﻜﺎن اﻟﺒﻌﯿﺪ‬: `~ieZx© ¯’vb wb‡`©kK me©bvg H mg¯Í k‡ãi bvg hv Øviv `~ieZx© ¯’v‡bi cÖwZ Bw½Z Kiv
nq| h_v: ‫‡ ھﻨﺎﻟﻚ‬mLv‡b ‫‡ ھﻨﺎﻟﻚ زﯾﺪ‬mLv‡b hv‡q` Av‡Q|
3) ‫ اﺳﻢ اﻻﺷﺎرة ﻟﻠﻤﻜﺎن اﻟﻤﺘﻮﺳﻂ‬: ga¨eZx© ¯’vb wb‡`©kK me©bvg H mg¯Í k‡ãi bvg hv Øviv ga¨eZx© ¯’v‡bi cÖwZ Bw½Z
Kiv nq| h_v: ‫‡ ھﻨﺎك‬mLv‡b ‫‡ ھﻨﺎك زﯾﺪ‬mLv‡b hv‡q` Av‡Q|
75k cvV
‫ اﺳﻢ اﺷﺎرة‬I ‫ ﻣﺸﺎر اﻟﯿﮫ‬Gi KwZcq Riæix Av‡jvPbv:
1) ‫ ﻣﺸﺎر اﻟﯿﮫ‬hw` ‫ ﻣﺬﻛﺮ‬nq Z‡e ‫ اﺳﻢ اﻻﺷﺎرة‬hv ‫ﻣﺬﻛﺮ‬n‡e| h_v: ‫ ھذا اﻟوﻟد‬GB †Q‡jwU| GLv‡b ‫ اﻟوﻟد‬kãwU‫ ﻣﺷﺎر اﻟﯾﮫ‬hv
‫ ﻣذﻛر‬Z_v cyswj½ n‡q‡Q| ZvB ‫† اﺳم اﻻﺷﺎرة‬K I ‫ ﻣذﻛر‬Avbv n‡q‡Q|
2) ‫ ﻣﺷﺎر اﻟﯾﮫ‬hw` ‫ ﻣؤﻧث‬nq, Z‡e ‫ اﺳم اﻻﺷﺎرة‬I ‫ ﻣؤﻧث‬n‡e| h_v: ‫ ﺗﻠك ﻓﺎطﻣﺔ‬H dv‡Zgv| GLv‡b ‫ﻓﺎطﻣﺔ‬kãwU ‫ﻣﺷﺎر‬
‫ اﻟﯾﮫ‬hv ‫ ﻣؤﻧث‬Z_v ¯¿xwj½ n‡q‡Q| ZvB ‫† اﺳم اﻻﺷﺎرة‬K I ‫ ﻣؤﻧث‬Avbv n‡q‡Q|
3) ‫ ﻣﺷﺎر اﻟﯾﮫ‬hw` ‫ واﺣد‬nq Z‡e ‫ اﺳم اﻻﺷﺎرة‬I ‫ واﺣد‬n‡e| h_v: ‫ ھذا اﻟرﺟل‬GLv‡b ‫ اﻟرﺟل‬kãwU ‫ ﻣﺷﺎر اﻟﯾﮫ‬GKePb
nIqvi Kvi‡b ‫† اﺳم اﻻﺷﺎرة‬K ‫ واﺣد‬Avbv n‡q‡Q|
4) ‫ ﻣﺷﺎر اﻟﯾﮫ‬hw` ‫ ﺗﺛﻧﯾﺔ‬nq Z‡e ‫ اﺳم اﻻﺷﺎرة‬I ‫ ﺗﺛﻧﯾﺔ‬n‡e| h_v: ‫ ھذان اﻟرﺟﻼن‬GB †jvK `yÕwU| GLv‡b ‫ اﻟرﺟﻼن‬kãwU
‫ ﻣﺷﺎر اﻟﯾﮫ‬wØePb nIqvi Kvi‡b ‫† اﺳم اﻻﺷﺎرة‬K ‫ ﺗﺛﻧﯾﺔ‬Avbv n‡q‡Q|
Demonstrative Pronoun
wb‡Pi D`vniY¸‡jv c‡ov :
This is my home. That is your suitcase.
These are bad pencils but those are good.
GB this, that, these, those-word ¸‡jv h_vµ‡g home, suitcase, pencils Gi cwie‡Z© e‡m †m¸‡jv‡K wb‡`©k
Ki‡Q| G¸‡jv n‡jv Demonstrative pronoun| Zvn‡j Avgiv ej‡Z cvwi –
†h Pronoun †Kvb e¨w³ ev e¯‘i cwie‡Z© e‡m Zv‡K wb‡`©k K‡i Zv‡K Demonstrative Pronoun e‡j|
Demonstrative pronouns: this, that, these, those, such, so, the same
This, these, that, those Gi e¨envi
i) wbKUeZx© †Kv‡bv wKQy‡K wb‡`©k Ki‡Z this (plural these) Ges `~ieZx© †Kv‡bv wKQy‡K wb‡`©k Ki‡Z that
(plural those) e¨en„Z nq| †hgb : This is my book and that is yours. These are my books and
those are yours.
Note: This/that/these/those + noun – Gfv‡e e¨en„Z n‡j ZLb G‡`i‡K e‡j demonstrative
adjective †hgb : This man is good. (Adj.) This is a good man. (Pron.)
ii) c~e©eZx© clause ev sentence-G `yBwU noun Gi D‡jøL _vK‡j Ges c‡i Zv‡`i cÖ‡Z¨KwU‡K wb‡`©k Ki‡Z n‡j, cÖ_gwUi Rb¨
this Ges c‡iiwUi Rb¨ that e¨en„Z nq| †hgb : Men (1g Noun) and money (2q Noun) are both needed; this
(Men) gives us strength (kw³) and that (Money) gives us wealth (m¤ú`).
iii) ‡Kvb sentence G GKB RvZxq noun Gi g‡a¨ Zzjbv Kivi mgq c~e©eZx© †Kvb noun Gi cybive„wË Gov‡bvi Rb¨: †hgb:
The rice of Barishal is finer than the rice of Khulna. (ewikv‡ji Pvj Lyjbvi Pv‡ji †P‡q miæ|)
evK¨wU‡Z wØZxqevi the rice e¨envi bv K‡i †jLv hvq :
The rice of Barishal is finer than that of Khulna. Gfv‡e,
The streets of Khulna are not wide than the streets of Dhaka. bv wj‡L †jLv hvq:
The streets of Khulna are not wider than those of Dhaka.
 73

76k cvV
GB cy¯ÍKwU ‫ھذا اﻟﻛﺗﺎب‬ This book
GB cy¯ÍK 2wU ‫ھذان اﻟﻛﺗﺎﺑﺎن‬ These two books
GB Kjg 2wU ‫ھذان اﻟﻘﻠﻣﺎن‬ These two pens
GB k„MvjwU ‫ھذا اﻟﺛﻌﻠب‬ This fox
GB k„Mvj 2wU ‫ھذان اﻟﺛﻌﻠﺑﺎن‬ These two foxes
GB wmsn 2wU ‫ھذان اﻻﺳدان‬ These two lions
GB KvcowU ‫ھذا اﻟﺛوب‬ This cloth
H KzKziwU ‫ھذا اﻟﻛﻠب‬ That dog
H KzKzi 2wU ‫ذاﻧك اﻟﻛﺑﺎن‬ Those two dogs
H gyiMx 2wU ‫ﺗﺎﻧك اﻟرﺟﺎﺟﺗﺎن‬ Those two hens
48 Abykxjbx
1) Aviwe I Bs‡iwR Ki:
H †Q‡jwU †K? H †Q‡jwU Avgvi cyÎ| H Kb¨vwU †K? H Kb¨vwU Avgvi †g‡q| H evjK ¸‡jv †Kv_vq? H evjK ¸‡jv
¯‹z‡j| G Kb¨vwU gš¿xi| GwU †g‡qwUi nvZ| G KjgwU Kvi? G KjgwU G †jv‡Ki| G wmsnwU †Kv_v n‡Z? H wmsnwU
R½j n‡Z| G cy¯ÍK¸‡jv nvex‡ei| Bnv Kx? Bnv GKwU cvwL| Iiv †K? Iiv Avgv‡`i AwZw_| †K H KzVixi g‡a¨
Av‡Q? H KzVixi g‡a¨ Kwig, iwng I Lv‡j` Av‡Q| H igbx `yÕwU †Kv_vq? H igbx `yÕwU G N‡i Av‡Q| G KjgwU wK
†Zvgvi? n¨uv, G KjgwU Avgvi| H †UwejLvbv Kvi? H †UwejLvbv Kwig I iwn‡gi| HwU GKwU KzVix| G gyi‡Mi KwU
cv Av‡Q| G gyi‡Mi `yÕwU cv Av‡Q| G ¯¿x †jvKwUi KqwU †Q‡j Av‡Q? G ¯¿x †jvKwUi A‡bK¸wj †Q‡j Av‡Q? Iiv †K?
Zviv gymjgvb|
2) niKZ w`‡q evsjv Ki:
‫ھذه اﻟدار ـ ھذا اﻟﻛﺗﺎب ـ ھﺎﺗﺎن اﻟﺑﻧﺗﺎن ـ ھذان اﻟرﺟﻼن ـ ھذا اﻟﺣﯾوان ـ ذﻟك اﻟﻛﺗﺎب ـ ذاﻧك اﻟﻘﻠﻣﺎن ـ ذﻟك اﻻﺳد ـ ذاﻧك‬
‫اﻟﺛوران ـ ھذا اﻟﺛور ـ ذاك اﻟﻔرس ـ ﺗﻠك اﻟﻔرﻗﺔ ـ ھذه اﻟﺑﻧت ـ ذاﻟك اﻟﺛﻌﻠب ـ ذاﻧك اﻟﺛﻌﻠﺑﺎن ـ ھذه اﻟﺷﺟرة ـ ھذه اﻟﺑﺎﻗوﻣﺔ ـ‬
‫ھذا اﻟرﺟﺎل ـ ﺗﻠك اﻟﻣﻘﺎطﻌﺔ ـ ﺗﺎﻧك اﻟﻘرﯾﺗﺎن ـ ذﻟك اﻟﺑﯾت ـ ذاك اﻟﺑﺣر ـ ھذا اﻟﻣﺣﯾط ـ ﺗﻠك اﻟﻌﺎﺻﻣﺔ ـ ھذه اﻟﻘﺎرة ـ ﺗﻠك‬
‫اﻟﻠؤﻟؤ ـ ھذا زﻣرد ذاﻟك اﻟﻘﺳﯾم ـ‬
3)evsjv I Aviwe Ki:
This house, that bird, these flowers, those people. What is this man? That boy is my
cousin. These are his books. Those are our cows. Who are those. They are Rahim’s
friends. What are these in your bag? This is your madrasah and that is our madrasah.
77k cvV AbymiYxKv
‫ اﺳم اﻻﺷﺎرة‬I ‫ ﻣﺷﺎر اﻟﯾﮫ‬Gi Av‡iv KwZcq Av‡jvPbv:
1) g‡b ivLv `iKvi †h, ‫ اﺳم اﻻﺷﺎرة‬I ‫ ﻣﺷﺎر اﻟﯾﮫ‬wgwjZ n‡q GKwU c~Y© evK¨ n‡Z cv‡i bv| eis Zv ev‡K¨i GKwU Ask
n‡q _v‡K| h_v: ‫ ھذا اﻟرﺟل‬G †jvKwU GLv‡b ‫† ھذا اﻟرﺟل‬K GKwU c~Y© evK¨ ejv †h‡Z cv‡i bv| KviY G‡Z cÖ‡kœi
AeKvk i‡q‡Q| ïay G †jvKwU ej‡j †kÖævZvi wbKU cÖkœ †_‡K hvq †h, G †jvKwU †K hv‡q` bv Ab¨ †Kn? hLb G
K_v ev‡K¨i g‡a¨ D‡jøL bvB| ZvB Bnv GKwU m¤ú~Y© evK¨ n‡Z cv‡i bv| eis GUv evK¨vsk|
2) ‫ ﻣﺷﺎر اﻟﯾﮫ‬hw` gbyl¨evPK wbqwgZ wKsev AwbqwgZ eûePb nq, Z‡e ‫‡ اﺳم اﻻﺷﺎرة‬K I ‫ ﺟﻣﻊ‬Avb‡Z n‡e| h_v: (1)
‫( ھؤﻻء اﻟﺑﻧﺎت ــ ﺟﻣﻊ ﻣﻛﺳر ﺳﺎﻟم ﻋﺎﻗل‬2) ‫اوﻟﺋك اﻟطﻼب ـ ﺟﻣﻊ ﻣﻛﺳر ﻋﺎﻗل‬
3) ‫ ﻣﺷﺎر اﻟﯾﮫ‬hw` Agbyl¨evPK wbqwgZ wKsev AwbqwgZ eûePb (‫ )ﺟﻣﻊ‬nq, n‡e ‫‡ اﺳم اﻻﺷﺎرة‬K ‫ واﺣد ﻣؤﻧث‬Avb‡Z n‡e| h_v:
1) ‫ ﺟﻣﻊ ﺳﺎﻟم ﻏﯾر ﻋﺎﻗل‬h_v: ‫ ھذه اﻟﺑﻘرات‬G Mvfx¸wj| (2) ‫ ﺟﻣﻊ ﻣﻛﺳر ﻏﯾر ﻋﺎﻗل‬h_v: ‫ ﺗﻠك اﻻﻓراس‬H †Nvov¸wj|
4) mgq mgq ‫ اﺳم اﻻﺷﺎرة‬c`wU ‫ ﻣﺑﺗداء‬Ges ‫ ﻣﺷﺎر اﻟﯾﮫ‬c`wU ‫ ﺧﺑر‬n‡q _v‡K| h_v : ‫ ھذا ﻗﻠم‬Bnv GKwU Kjg| GLv‡b
‫ ھذا‬kãwU ‫ ﻣﺑﺗداء‬Ges ‫ ﻗﻠم‬kãwU ‫ ﺧﺑر‬n‡q‡Q|
5) mgq mgq ‫ اﺳم اﻻﺷﺎرة‬I ‫ ﻣﺷﺎر اﻟﯾﮫ‬Dfq wgwjZ n‡q ‫ ﻣﺑﺗداء‬n‡q _v‡K| G ‫ اﺳم اﻻﺷﺎرة‬c`wU ‫ﻣوﺻوف‬Ges ‫ﻣﺷﺎر‬
‫ اﻟﯾﮫ‬c`wU ‫ ﺻﻔت‬n‡e| Avi ‫ ﺻﻔت‬I ‫ ﻣوﺻوف‬wgwjZ n‡q ‫ ﻣﺑﺗداء‬n‡e| h_v: ‫ ھذا اﻟرﺟل ﻋﺎﻟم‬G †jvKwU Ávbx|
GLv‡b ‫ ھذا‬c`wU ‫ ﻣوﺻوف‬Ges ‫ اﻟرﺟل‬c`wU ‫ ﺻﻔت‬n‡q‡Q| ‫ ﺻﻔت‬I ‫ ﻣوﺻوف‬wgwjZ n‡q‫ ﻣﺑﺗداء‬Ges ‫ﻋﺎﻟم‬
kãwU ‫ | ﺧﺑر‬AZci ‫ ﻣﺑﺗداء‬I ‫ ﺧﺑر‬wg‡j ‫ ﺟﻣﻠﺔ اﺳﻣﯾﺔ‬n‡q‡Q|
 74

78k cvV
G KzKzi¸wj ‫ھذه اﻟﻛﻼب‬ These dogs
H cvV¸wj ‫ﺗﻠﻚ اﻟﺪروس‬ Those lessons
G igbx¸wj ‫ھﺆﻻء اﻟﻨﺴﺎء‬ These women
H igbx¸wj ‫ﺗﻠﻚ اﻟﻨﺴﺎء‬ Those women
H Kvco ¸wj ‫ﺗﻠﻚ اﻟﺜﯿﺎب‬ Those clothes
G gyiM 2wU ‫ھﺬا اﻟﺪﯾﻜﺎن‬ Thesetwo cocks
H KvK ¸wj ‫ﺗﻠك اﻟﻐرﺑﺎن‬ Those crows
G Kjg ¸wj ‫ھذه اﻻﻗﻼم‬ These pens
GivA‡bK¸wj †jvK ‫ھؤﻻء رﺟﺎل‬ These men
Giv A‡bK¸wj Kb¨v ‫ھؤﻻء ﺑﻧﺎت‬ These daughters
H MvQ¸wj ‫ﺗﻠك اﻻﺷﺟﺎر‬ Those trees
H Kjg¸wj ‫ﺗﻠك اﻻﻗﻼم‬ those pens
49k Abykxjbx
1) Aviwe I Bs‡iwR Ki:
GB evjKwU| H evjKvwU| H evwjKv 2wU| H evwjKv¸‡jv| H A‡bK¸‡jv evwjKv| H 2wU evwjKv| Bnv nxiv| G
MÖvg¸‡jv| H ivRv 2wU| G cvwLwU| G weovj 2wU| H ¯¿x †jvK¸‡jv| G `yÕwU fvB| G `yÕwU nvZx| Giv `yÕRb †jvK|
Iiv A‡bK¸‡jv Kb¨v| H ¸‡jv †K? H ¸‡jv cyiæl| H 2wU fvB| H mgy`ª 2wU| G c„w_ex| G cvnvo¸‡jv| H cv_i
2wU| H Kjg¸‡jv| G gyiMx 2wU| G mKj cy¯ÍK| H mKj Kjg| Dnv GKwU gvQ| H UzwcwU| H `v 2wU| H
evwjKv¸‡jv| G Mvfx 2wU| G nwiY¸‡jv| G 2wU gwnl| H mKj †Nvov| G mKj †NvUK| G cvV¨wU| H GKwU Mvav|
H AÜ| G 2wU †Uwej| H ¸‡jv †Uwej| H †Uwej¸‡jv| GwU nvZ| H 2wU Kvb| H 2wWU Po–B cvwL| H GKwU
‡cÖixZ cyiæl| H ¯^vgx| H 2Rb ¯¿x| H Kb¨v 2wU| Iiv PvPv mKj| Iiv mKj PvPv| H cy¯ÍK¸‡jv|
2) niKZ w`‡q evsjv Ki:
‫ھذا اﻟوﻟد ـ ھؤﻻء اﻻوﻻد ـ ﺗﻠك اﻟﺑﻧﺎت ـ ھذه اﻟﻌﺟوز ـ ﺗﻠك اﻟﻛﺗب ـ ھذا زﯾد ـ ﺗﻠك زﯾﻧب ـ وھذه ﻓﺎطﻣﺔ ـ ذاﻟك اﻟﻛﺗﺎب ـ‬
‫وذاﻧك اﻟﻘرطﺎﺳﺎن ـ ھذه اﻟدروس ـ ﺗﻠك اﻟدﺟﺎﺟﺎت ـ ذاﻧك اﻟﻔرﺳﺎن ـ ذاﻧك اﻟﻘﻠﻣﺎن ـ ھؤﻻء اﻟﺑﻧﺎت ـ ھؤﻻء اﻟرﺟﺎل ـ ھذه‬
‫اﻟﻧﯾﺔ اﻟﺟﻣﯾﻠﺔ ـ ھﺎﺗﺎن اﻟﺑﻧﺎت اﻟﺟﻣﯾﻠﺗﺎن ـ ھؤﻻء اﻟﺑﻧﺎت اﻟﺟﻣﯾﻠﺔ ـ ذﻟك اﻟﻔرس ـ ذﻟك اﻟﻔرﺳﺎن ـ ﺗﻠك اﻟﻔرﺳﺎن ـ ھؤﻻء ﺑﻧﺎت‬
‫ـ اوﻟﺋك رﺟﺎل ـ اوﻟﺋك اﻟرﺟﺎل ـ ھؤﻻء اﻟﻧﺎﺋﻣون ـ ھؤﻻء اﻟﺻﺎدﻗﺎت ـ‬
3)evsjv I Aviwe Ki:
those hills, these toys. These are her toys. Those are his horses. That is my garden. Who
are those? Those are our cousins. That is our masjid. This is their house.
79k cvV
G †jvKwU †Zvgvi wcZv ‫ھذا اﻟرﺟل اﺑوك‬ This man is your father.
G †jvK 2wU Zvi fvB ‫ھذان اﻟرﺟﻼن اﺧوه‬ These two men are his brother.
H †jvK¸‡jv †Zvgvi wkÿK ‫اوﻟﺋك اﻟرﺟﺎل أﺳﺎﺗذﺗك‬ Those men are your teacher.
H Kÿ¸‡jv hv‡q‡`i ‫ﺗﻠك اﻟﻐرﻓﺎت ﻟزﯾد‬ Those are Jayed’s rooms.
G Kb¨v 2wU iwn‡gi ‫ھﺎﺗﺎن اﻟﺑﻧﺎت ﻟرﺣﯾم‬ These are Rahim’s daughters.
H Ni ¸‡jv Avgv‡`i ‫ﺗﻠك اﻟﺑﯾوت ﻟﻧﺎ‬ Those houses are ours.
G MvQ 2wU Lv‡j‡`i ‫ھﺎﺗﺎن اﻟﺷﺟرﺗﺎن ﻟﺧﺎﻟد‬ These two trees belong to Khaled.
G Kjg¸‡jv hv‡q‡`i †Q‡ji ‫ھذه اﻻﻗﻼم ﻻﺑن زﯾد‬ These pens belong to the son of Jayed.
e„×wU eoB `~e©j ‫اﻟﻌﺟوز ﺿﻌﯾﻔﺔ ﺟدا‬ The old man is very weak.
G Kjg¸‡jv cyivZb ‫ھذه اﻻﻗﻼم ﻗدﯾﻣﺔ‬ They are Yusuf’s brothers.
Iiv BDmy‡di fvB ‫اوﻟﺋك أﺧوه ﯾوﺳف‬ These boys are Jayed’s friends.
GmKj evj‡Kiv hv‡q‡`i eÜz ‫ھؤﻻء اﻻوﻻد اﺻدﻗﺎء زﯾد‬ Does that book belong to youe son?
 75

H cy¯ÍKwU wK †Zvgvi †Q‡ji
G N‡i wK †jvK Av‡Q?
GwU wK Avgvi Kjg?
G `yÕwU Avgvi Kjg|
G Kjg 2wU Avgvi|
‡g‡qwU jvRyK|
G e„×vwU eo `~e©j|
H cy¯ÍK¸‡jv bZzb|
‫ھل ھذا اﻟﻛﺗﺎب ﻟوﻟدك ؟‬ Is there any man in this house?
‫ھل ﻓﻰ اﻟﺑﯾت رﺟل؟‬ Is this my pen?
‫ھل ھذا ﻗﻠﻣﻰ ؟‬ These two are my pens.
‫ھذان ﻗﻠﻣﻰ ـ‬ These two pens are mine.
‫ھذان اﻟﻘﻠﻣﺎن ﻟﻰ ـ‬ The girl is shy.
‫اﻟﺑﻧت ﺣﺟول‬ This old woman is very weak.
‫ھذه اﻟﻌﺟوز ﺿﻌﯾﻔﺔ ﺟدا ـ‬ Those books are new.
‫ﺗﻠك اﻟﻛﺗب ﺟدﯾدة ـ‬ This man is your father.

50 k Abykxjbx
1) Aviwe I Bs‡iwR Ki:
G ÿz`ª evjKwU †Zvgvi| †Zvgvi wK GKwU ÿz`ª Kjg Av‡Q? n¨uv Avgvi GKwU ÿz`ª Kjg Av‡Q| G nvwZ¸wj †gvUv| H
†gvUv nvZx¸wj eo| G P›`ª Ges H m~h©| H evjK 2wU Kvj| H Kvco ¸wj mv`v| †Zvgvi cy¯ÍKwU Kx bZzb? nu¨v Avgvi
cy¯ÍKwU bZzb| Zvi wcZv GLb Amy¯’| Zvi fvB evox‡Z| H evjKwU jvj| H evwjKvwU jvj| †Uwe‡ji Dci GKwU
ev· Av‡Q| G ev·wU †Uwe‡ji Dci Av‡Q| Avgvi wcZv GKRb DwKj| G †jvKwU wK DwKj? Bnv gwZ‡bi QvZv|
Bnv GKwU evwjKv we`¨vjq| G cy¯ÍKwU Lye gyj¨evb| wZwb Avgvi GKRb eÜz| G MÖv‡g GKwU gv`ivmv Av‡Q| Bnv
Avgvi PvPvi †`vKvb| G eyw×gvb †jvKwU| H eo NwowU| H Mixe †jvKwU Amy¯’| H evwjKvMY †Zvgvi evÜex| H
evjKwUi wcZv gvZv| H †jvKwUi wkÿK| Zvi bvg Kvgvj| G †jvKwUi bvg Kx? G †jvKwUi bvg nvexe| Avgvi
A‡bK¸‡jv eÜz Av‡Q|
3)evsjv I Aviwe Ki:
These good students, that nice house, this nice pen. Those good boys are my friends. These nice
pens are ours. What is this man? The man is a doctor. Who is that man? The man is his uncle.
80k cvV
‫ اﺳم اﻻﺷﺎرة‬Gi AviI K‡ZK ÁvZe¨ welq:
‫ اﺳم اﻻﺷﺎرة‬Gi cÖK…Ziƒc:
‫ ﻣذﻛر واﺣد ـ ﺗﺛﻧﯾﺔ ـ ﺟﻣﻊ‬Dc‡ivwjøwLZ ‫ اﺳم اﻻﺷﺎرة‬Gi mv‡_ wZbwU Aÿi hy³ n‡q _v‡K|
‫ذا ـ ذان ـ اوﻻء‬ ‫ ھﺎ‬mZK© †evaK
‫ ك ﻣؤﻧث ذى ـ ذه ـ ذان ـ اوﻻء‬m‡¤^vab Kvix
‫ﺗﺎ ـ ﺗﻰ ـ ﺗﮫ ـ ﺗﺎن‬ ‫ل‬
D‡jøL¨ †h, G wZbwU Aÿi GKB m‡½ Dc‡ivwjøwLZ ‫ اﺳم اﻻﺷﺎرة‬Gi mv‡_ hy³ n‡Z cv‡i bv| Ges mZK©‡evaK ‫ﻻم ـ ھﺎ‬
Gi mv‡_ GKwÎZ n‡Z cv‡i bv|
hw` Dc‡ivwjøwLZ ‫ اﺳم اﻻﺷﺎرة‬Gi Av‡M ‫ ھﺎء اﻟﺗﻧﺑﯾﮫ‬mZK©‡evaK ‫† ھﺎء‬hvM Kiv hvq, Z‡e Zv ‫اﺳم اﻻﺷﺎرة ﻟﻠﻘرﯾب‬
wbKUeZx© wb‡`©kK me©bvg n‡q hv‡e| h_v:
‫ذا‬ ‡K ‫ھذا‬
‫ذان‬ ‡K ‫ھذان‬
‫ذى‬ ‡K ‫ھذى‬
‫ذه‬ ‡K ‫ھذه‬
‫ﺗﺎن‬ ‡K ‫ھﺎﺗﺎن‬
‫اوﻻء‬ ‡K ‫ھؤﻻء‬
Avi hw` Dc‡ivwjøwLZ ‫ اﺳم اﻻﺷﺎرة‬Gi c‡i ‫ﻛﺎف اﻟﺧطﺎب‬mshy³ nq, Z‡e Zv ‫ اﺳم اﻻﺷﺎرة ﻟﻠﻣﺗوﺳط‬ga¨eZx© wb‡`©kK
me©bvg n‡q hv‡e| h_v:
‫ذا‬ ‡K ‫ذاﻟك‬
‫ذان‬ ‡K ‫ذاﻧك‬
‫ﺗﺎ‬ ‡K ‫ﺗﺎك‬
‫ﺗﻰ‬ ‡K ‫ﺗﯾك‬
 ‫‪76‬‬

‫ﺗﺎن‬ ‫ﺗﺎﻧك ‪‡K‬‬

‫اوﻻء‬ ‫اوﻟﺋك ‪‡K‬‬
‫‪ `~ieZx© wb‡`©kK me©bvg‬اﺳم اﻻﺷﺎرة ﻟﻠﺑﻌﯾد ‪ mshy³ nq, Z‡e Zv‬ﻛﺎف ‪ I‬ﻻم ‪ Gi c‡i‬اﺳم اﻻﺷﺎرة ‪Avi hw` Dc‡ivwjøwLZ‬‬
‫‪n‡q hv‡e| h_v:‬‬
‫ذا‬ ‫ذاﻟك ‪‡K‬‬
‫ﺗﺎ‬ ‫ﺗﻠك ‪ ev‬ﺗﺎﻟك ‪‡K‬‬
‫اوﻻء‬ ‫اؤﻟﺋك ‪‡K‬‬
‫‪ n‡q hv‡e| h_v:‬اﺳم اﻻﺷﺎرة ﻟﻠﺑﻌﯾد ‪ †hvM Ki‡j‬ﻧون _‡‪ Gi m‬ﻧون ‪ Gi‬ﺗﻧﺑﯾﮫ ‪ Gi‬اﺳم اﻻﺷﺎرة ﻟﻠﻣﺗوﺳط ‪D‡jøL¨ †h‬‬
‫ذاﻧك‬ ‫ذاﻧك ‪‡K‬‬
‫ﺗﺎﻧك‬ ‫ﺗﺎﻧك ‪‡K‬‬
‫|‪ n‡Z ....... †Kvb GKwUI hy³ nIqv ˆea b‡n‬اﺳم اﻻﺷﺎرة ﻟﻠﺑﻌﯾد _‡‪ Gi mv‬ذه ‪ I‬ﺗﮫ ‪D‡jøL¨ †h,‬‬
‫|‪ Gi gZ iƒcvšÍi Kiv hv‡qR Av‡Q| h_v‬ﺿﻣﯾر ‪ Abymv‡i‬ﻣﺧﺎطب ‪ †K‬ﻛﺎف ‪ Gi‬اﺳم اﻻﺷﺎرة ﻟﻠﺑﻌﯾد ‪we: `ª:‬‬
‫ﺟﻣﻊ‬ ‫ﺗﺜﻨﯿﺔ‬ ‫واﺣد‬
‫ذاﻛم‬ ‫ذاﻛﻤﺎ‬ ‫ذاك‬ ‫ﻣذﻛر‬
‫ذاﻛن‬ ‫ذاﻛﻤﺎ‬ ‫ذاك‬ ‫ﻣؤﻧث‬
‫‪ GiI iƒcvšÍi Kiv hv‡qR Av‡Q| h_v:‬ذاﻟك ‪Ges Giƒc‬‬
‫ﺟﻣﻊ‬ ‫ﺗﺜﻨﯿﺔ‬ ‫واﺣد‬
‫ذاﻟﻛم‬ ‫ذاﻟﻜﻤﺎ‬ ‫ذاﻟك‬ ‫ﻣذﻛر‬
‫ذاﻟﻛن‬ ‫ذاﻟﻜﻤﺎ‬ ‫ذاﻟك‬ ‫ﻣؤﻧث‬
‫‪ GiI iƒcvšÍi Kiv hv‡qR Av‡Q| h_v:‬ذاﻧك ‪Ges Giƒc‬‬
‫ﺟﻣﻊ‬ ‫ﺗﺜﻨﯿﺔ‬ ‫واﺣد‬
‫ذاﻧﻛم‬ ‫ذاﻧﻜﻤﺎ‬ ‫ذاﻧك‬ ‫ﻣذﻛر‬
‫ذاﻧﻛن‬ ‫ذاﻧﻜﻤﺎ‬ ‫ذاﻧك‬ ‫ﻣؤﻧث‬
‫‪ GiI iƒcvšÍi Kiv hv‡qR Av‡Q| h_v:‬ﺗﺎك‪Giƒc‬‬
‫ﺟﻣﻊ‬ ‫ﺗﺜﻨﯿﺔ‬ ‫واﺣد‬
‫ﺗﺎﻛم‬ ‫ﺗﺎﻛﻤﺎ‬ ‫ﺗﺎك‬ ‫ﻣذﻛر‬
‫ﺗﺎﻛن‬ ‫ﺗﺎﻛﻤﺎ‬ ‫ﺗﺎكِ‬ ‫ﻣؤﻧث‬
‫‪ GiI iƒcvšÍi Kiv hv‡qR Av‡Q| h_v:‬ﺗﺎﻧك ‪Ges Giƒc‬‬
‫ﺟﻣﻊ‬ ‫ﺗﺜﻨﯿﺔ‬ ‫واﺣد‬
‫ﺗﺎﻧﻛم‬ ‫ﺗﺎﻧﻜﻤﺎ‬ ‫ﺗﺎﻧك‬ ‫ﻣذﻛر‬
‫ﺗﺎﻧﻛن‬ ‫ﺗﺎﻧﻜﻤﺎ‬ ‫ﺗﺎﻧك‬ ‫ﻣؤﻧث‬
‫‪ GiI iƒcvšÍi Kiv hv‡qR Av‡Q| h_v:‬اوﻟﺋك ‪Ges Giƒc‬‬
‫ﺟﻣﻊ‬ ‫ﺗﺜﻨﯿﺔ‬ ‫واﺣد‬
‫اوﻟﺋﻛم‬ ‫اوﻟﺌﻜﻤﺎ‬ ‫اوﻟﺋك‬ ‫ﻣذﻛر‬
‫اوﻟﺋﻛن‬ ‫اوﻟﺌﻜﻤﺎ‬ ‫اوﻟﺋك‬ ‫ﻣؤﻧث‬
 77

82k cvV
‫ اﻟﻔﻌل‬wµqvc` (Verb)
‡h c` Øviv AZxZ, eZ©gvb I fwel¨Z Kv‡j †Kvb wKQz Kiv, hvIqv, nIqv, jIqv, BZvw` eySvq, Zv‡K ‫ ﻓﻌﻞ‬ev wµqvc`
e‡j|
Kvj Abymv‡i ‫ ﻓﻌﻞ‬Pvi cÖKvi:
1) ‫ ﻣﺎﺿﻰ‬AZxZKvj Past Tense
2) ‫ ﻣﻀﺎرع‬eZ©gvb I fwel¨ZKvj Present & Future tense
3)‫ اﻣﺮ‬AvÁvm~PK wµqv (eZ©gvb) Imperative Mood, Verb of Order.
4) ‫ ﻧﮭﻰ‬wb‡lavÁv m~PK wµqv, Verb of Negative Order.
‫ اﻟﻤﺎﺿﻰ‬: H ‫† ﻓﻌﻞ‬K ejv nq, hvi Øviv AZxZKv‡j †Kvb KvR m¤úv`b Kiv n‡q‡Q eySvq| h_v: ‫† ﻧﺼﺮ‬m GKRb cyiæl
mvnvh¨ K‡i‡Q|
‫ ﻣﻀﺎرع‬: H ‫† ﻓﻌﻞ‬K ejv nq, hvi Øviv eZ©gvb I fwel¨ZKv‡j †Kvb KvR m¤úv`b Kiv ev Ki‡e eySvq| h_v: ‫† ﯾﺬھﺐ‬m
GKRb cyiæl hv‡”Q ev hv‡e|
‫ اﻣﺮ‬: H ‫† ﻓﻌﻞ‬K ejv nq, hvi Øviv eZ©gvb Kv‡j wµqv m¤úv`‡bi Av‡`k I Dc‡`k Ges Aby‡iva I cÖv_©bv eySvq|
h_v: ‫ اﻧﺼﺮ‬Zzwg mvnvh¨ Ki|
‫ ﻧﮭﻰ‬: H ‫† ﻓﻌﻞ‬K ejv nq, hvi Øviv eZ©gvb ev fwel¨Z Kv‡j wµqv m¤úv`‡bi wb‡lavÁv eySvq| h_v: ‫ ﻻ ﺗﺬھﺐ‬Zzwg †h‡qv bv|
‫ ﻓﻌﻞ‬ev wµqv Avevi `yB cÖKvi:
1) ‫( ﻻزم‬AKg©K)Transative Verb.
2) ‫( ﻣﺘﻌﺪى‬mKg©K)Intransative Verb.
‫ ﻻزم‬: H ‫‡ ﻓﻌﻞ‬K ejv nq hvi ‫ ﻣﻔﻌﻮل‬ev Kg©c` _v‡Kbv| A_©vr Ggb wµqv‡K ejv nq hv ïay KZ©v Øviv m¤úbœ nq ‫ﻣﻔﻌﻮل‬
Gi cÖ‡qvRb nq bv| h_v: ‫ذھﺐ ﺧﺎﻟﺪ‬
‫ ﻣﺘﻌﺪى‬: H ‫† ﻓﻌﻞ‬K ejv nq hv ïay gvÎ KZ©v Øviv m¤úbœ nqbv eis ‫ ﻣﻔﻌﻮل‬Gi cÖ‡qvRb nq| h_v: ‫ﻧﺼﺮت زﯾﺪا‬
Transitive verb v Intransitive verb:
Look at the following sentences:
A mother loves
A child likes
Helen lost
Here the meaning is not clear and the sentences are not complete. We want to know whom a
mother loves, what a child likes and what Helen lost.
The verbs love, like and lost need some word after each of them to make the meaning clear
and to complete the sentences.
So we can say:
A mother loves her child.
A child likes sweets.
Helen lost her book.
Now the meaning is clear and each sentence is complete.
 A_© m¤ú~Y© Kivi Rb¨ ‡h verb Gi object Gi cÖ‡qvRb nq Zv‡K transitive verb e‡j | verb‡K w`‡q Kx ev
Kv‡K cÖkœ Ki‡j Gi Dˇi object cvIqv hvq|
Structure: subject + transitive verb + object
We helped him
 A_© m¤ú~Y© Kivi Rb¨ ‡h verb Gi object Gi cÖ‡qvRb nq bv Zv‡K intransitive verb e‡j|
Example: He laughed. We sleep at night.
 78

82k cvV (K‡qKwU wµqvg~j)

evsjv Aviwe Bs‡iwR Past Past Participle
Kiv ‫ﻓﻌل‬ do did done
hvIqv ‫ذھﺎب‬ go went gone
‡jLv ‫ﻛﺗﺎﺑﺔ‬ write wrote written
‡kvqv ‫ﻧوم‬ sleep slept slept
‡`Lv ‫ﻧظر‬/‫روﯾﺔ‬ see saw seen
‡kvbv ‫ﺳﻣﺎع ـ ﺳﻣﻊ‬ hear heard heard
Kv`v ‫ﺑﻛﺎء‬ cry cried cried
nvmv ‫ﺿﺣك‬ laugh laughed laughed
jIqv ‫اﺧذ‬ take took taken
`vovb ‫ﻗﯾﺎم‬ stand stood stood
Nygvb ‫ﻧوم‬ sleep slept slept
Mvb Kiv ‫ﻏﻧﺎء‬ sing sang sung
Dov ‫طﯾران‬ fly flew flown
DVv ‫ﻗﯾﺎم‬ rise rose risen
cvV Kiv ‫دراﯾﺔ‬/‫ﻗراءة‬ study studied dt;udied
cvb Kiv ‫ﺷرب‬ drink drank drunk
ejv ‫ﻗول‬ tell told told
giv ‫ﻣوت‬ die died died
Rvbv ‫ﻋﻠم‬ know knew known
ivbœv ‫طﺑﺦ‬ cook cooked cooked
Uvbv ‫ﺟر‬ pull pulled pulled
emv ‫ﺟﻠوس‬ sit sat sat
fvjevmv ‫ﺣب‬ love loved loved
gviv ‫ﺿرب‬ beat beat beaten
mvnvh¨ Kiv ‫ﻧﺻر‬ help helped helped
‡Lvjv ‫ﻓﺗﺢ‬ open opened opened
`vb Kiv ‫ﻛرم‬ donate donated donated
avibv Kiv ‫ﺣﺳﺑﺎن‬/ ‫ظن‬ guess guessed guessed
hy× Kiv ‫ﺣرب‬ fight fought fought
‡Ljv Kiv ‫ﻟﻌب‬ play played played
enb Kiv ‫ﺣﻣل‬ carry carried carried
Lbb Kiv ‫ﺧﻔر‬ dig dug dug
fz‡j hvIqv ‫ﻧﺳﯾﺎن‬ forget forgot forgotten
cwZZ nIqv ‫وﻗوع‬ fall fell fallen
cvIqv ‫وﺟدان‬ get got got
aiv ‫أﺧذ‬ catch caught caught
cwZZ nIqv ‫ﺳﻘوط‬ fall fell fallen
cvIqv ‫وﺟدان‬ find found found
‡`Šovb ‫ﺟر‬ run ran run
KvR Kiv ‫ﻓﻌل‬ do did done
fv½v ‫ﻛﺳر‬ break broke broken
ivLv ‫وﺿﻊ‬ keep kept kept
 79

Z¨vM Kiv ‫ﺗرك‬ leave left left

mvÿvr Kiv ‫ﻟﻘﺎء‬ meet met met
wejvc Kiv ‫ﻧوﻣﺔ‬ moan moaned moaned
_vKv ‫وﻗوف‬ stay stayed stayed
Mí Kiv ‫ﺣﻛﺎﯾﺔ‬ gossip gossiped gossiped
Rgvb ‫ﻧﻣو ـ ﻧﯾﺎت‬ save saved saved
fvmv ‫ﻋوم‬ float floated floated
_y _y †djv ‫ﺑﺻق‬ spit spat spat
¯œvb Kiv ‫ﻏﺳل‬ bathe bathed bathed
wei³ Kiv ‫اﻏﺎظﺔ‬ disturb disturbed disturbed
DcvR©b Kiv ‫ﻛﺳب‬ earn earned earned
ÿgv Kiv ‫ﻏﻔران‬ pardon pardoned pardoned
evbvb Kiv ‫ﺗﮭﺟﻰ‬ spell spelt spelt
‡kuvKv ‫ﺷم‬ sniff sniffed sniffed
D`q nIqv ‫طﻠوع‬ rise rose risen
Rvbv ‫ﻋﻠم‬ know knew known
Pzwi Kiv ‫ﺳرﻗﺔ‬ steal stole stolen
Rqjvf Kiv ‫ظﻔر ـ ﻓوز‬ win won won
cwiavb Kiv ‫ﻟﺑس‬ wear wore worn
‰Zwi Kiv ‫ﻓﺎﻋﺔ‬ prepare prepared prepared
Wzev ‫ﻧﻣرق‬ sink sank sunk
cÖv_©bv Kiv ‫ﻣﻧﺎﺟﺎة ـ دﻋﺎء‬ pray prayed prayed
AwaKv‡i _vKv ‫ﺧﺻوص‬ possess possessed possessed
Kwg‡q hvIqv ‫ﻧﻘص‬ decline declined declined
wRÁvmv Kiv ‫ﺳؤال‬ ask asked asked
nuvPv ‫ﻋطﺎس ـ ﻋطﺳﺔ‬ sneeze sneezed sneezed
‡avqv ‫ﻏﺳل‬ wash washed washed
eÜ Kiv ‫ﻗﺑس‬ close closed closed
iÿv Kiv ‫ﺧﻔﺎظﺔ ـ ﺣﻔظ‬ save saved saved
jvf Kiv ‫ﺣﺻول‬ gain gained gained
nvivb ‫ﻓﻘدان‬ lose lost lost
‡ePv ‫ﺑﯾﻊ‬ sell sold sold
‡Kbv ‫ﺷراء‬ buy bought bought
Kvgovb ‫ﻋض‬ bite bit bitten
evav ‫ﻗﯾد‬ bind bound bound
Pvl Kiv ‫زراﻋﺔ‬ plough ploughed ploughed
Av‡`k Kiv ‫اﻣر‬ order ordered ordered
fvjevmv ‫ﺣب‬ love loved loved
mš‘ó nIqv ‫ﻓرح‬ get pleased got pleased got pleased
‡Quvqv ‫ﻣس ـ ﻟﻣس‬ touch touched touched
jyKvb ‫ﻛﺗﻣﺎن ـ ﺣﯾﺎء‬ hide hid hidden
N„Yv Kiv ‫ﻛره‬ hate hated hated
wnsmv Kiv ‫ﺣﺳد‬ envy envied envied
AMÖvn¨ Kiv ‫رﻓض‬ ignore ignored ignored
fvuR Kiv ‫ﻟف‬ fold folded folded
 80

duvwm †`qv ‫اﻋرام‬ hang hanged hanged

AvNvZ Kiv ‫ﺟرح‬ strike stroke striken
A¯Í hvIqv ‫ﻏروب‬ set set set
hvÎv Kiv ‫ﺑداﯾﺔ اﻟﻣرﺣﻠﺔ‬ set out set out set out
¯^cœ †`Lv ‫ﺣﻠم‬ dream dreamt dreamt
bvPv ‫رﻗص‬ dance danced danced
wedj nIqv ‫ﺧﺳل ـ اﺑوب‬ fail failed failed
wdmwdm Kiv ‫ھﻣس‬ whisper whispered whispered
B”Qv Kiv ‫ﻗﺻد‬ intend intended intended
e„w× cvIqv ‫ﻧﻣو‬ increase increased increased

82k cvV
‫ اﻟﻔﻌل‬wµqvc` (Verb)Gi Riæix Av‡jvPbv
‫ﻓﻌﻞ‬Gi K‡qKwU Ask Av‡Q| (1) ‫( ﻓﺎﻋل‬2) ‫( ﻣﻔﻌول‬3) ‫ﻣﺗﻌﻠق‬
1) ‫ ﻓﺎﻋل‬KvRwU †h K‡i Zv‡K ‫ ﻓﺎﻋل‬ev KZ©v e‡j| h_v: ‫ ذھب زﯾد‬hv‡q` ‡M‡Q| G ev‡K¨ ‫ زﯾد‬kãwU ‫ ﻓﺎﻋل‬ev KZ©v
Ges ‫ ذھب‬kãwU ‫ ﻓﻌل‬ev wµqv| GLv‡b hvIqv GKwU KvR| Avi G KvRwU ‫ زﯾد‬K‡i‡Q, myZivs ‫( زﯾد‬we‡kl¨) wU
‫ﻓﺎﻋل‬
2) ‫( ﻣﻔﻌول‬Kg©) KZ©vi KvR hvi Dci cwZZ nq, Zv‡K ‫ ﻣﻔﻌول‬ev Kg© e‡j| h_v: ‫ ﺿرب زﯾد ﻋﻣروا‬hv‡q` Avgi‡K
†g‡i‡Q| G D`vni‡Y KZ©vi KvRwU Avg‡ii Dci cwZZ n‡q‡Q weavq ‫ ﻋﻣرو‬kãwU ‫ ﻣﻔﻌول‬ev Kg©|
3) ‫ ﻣﺗﻌﻠق‬ev m¤^Üm~PK: A_©vr H Am¤ú~Y© evK¨ hv ‫ ﺟر‬I ‫ ﻣﺟرور‬wg‡j MwVZ nq Ges H evK¨wU †Kvb GKwU ‫ ﻓﻌل‬wKsev
‫ ﺷﺑﮫ ﻓﻌل‬Gi w`‡K m¤^Ü hy³ nq| h_v: ‫ ذھﺑت إﻟﻰ اﻟﻣدرﺳﺔ‬G ev‡K¨ ‫ إﻟﻰ‬Ae¨qwU ‫ ﺣرف ﺟر‬Ges ‫ اﻟﻣدرﺳﺔ‬we‡kl¨wU
‫ ﻣﺟرور‬Df‡q wg‡j ‫ ﻓﻌل‬Gi mv‡_ ‫ ﻣﺗﻌﻠق‬ev m¤^Ühy³ n‡q‡Q|
D‡jøL¨ †h, ‫ ﻓﻌل ﻻزم‬ev AKg©K wµqv ïaygvÎ ‫ ﻓﺎﻋل‬Øviv MwVZ nq| ‫ ﻣﻔﻌول‬Gi gyLv‡cÿx nqbv| h_v: ‫ﺛﺎم ـ ذھب ـ ﻧﺎم‬
Avi k㸇jvi ‫ ﻣﺟﮭول‬e¨eüZ nqbv| ‫ ﻧﺎم‬Gi ‫ ﻣﺟﮭول ﻧﯾم‬, ‫ ذھب‬Gi ‫ ﻣﺟﮭوﻟ ُذھب‬I ‫ ﻗﺎم‬Gi ‫ ﻣﺟﮭوﻟﻘﯾم‬ejv hv‡ebv|
†Kbbv G ‫‡¸ ﻓﻌل‬jv ‫ ﻻزم‬ev AKg©K wµqv|
Avi ‫ ﻗﻌل ﻣﺗﻌدى‬ev mKg©K wµqv hv Aek¨B ‫ ﻣﻔﻌول‬Gi cÖwZ gyLv‡cÿx nq| h_v: ‫ اﻣر ـ ﻧﺻر‬GB kã Øq I Zvi
mgRvZxq kã¸wji ‫ ﻣﺟﮭول‬e¨eüZ nq| myZivs ‫ ﻧﺻر‬Gi ‫ ﻣﺟﮭول اﻣر ـ ﻧﺻر ـ‬Gi ‫ ﻣﺟﮭوﻻﻣر ـ‬ejv hv‡e|
we:`ª: ‫ ﻓﻌل ﻻزم‬ev ‫ ﻓﻌل ﻣﺗﻌدى‬Df‡qi mv‡_ ‫ ﻣﺗﻌﻠق‬G‡m _v‡K| h_v: ‫ ﻧﺎم زﯾد ﻓﻰ اﻟﻔراش‬A_©vr hv‡q` weQvbvi wb`ªv
wM‡q‡Q| ‫ ﻧﺻرت زﯾدا ﻓﻰ اﻟﻣدرﺳﺔ‬Avwg hv‡q`‡K gv`ivmvq mvnvh¨ K‡iwQ| GLv‡b cÖ_g D`vni‡Y ‫ ﻧﺎم‬wµqvwU ‫ﻓﻌل‬
‫ ﻻزم‬ev ‫ ﻻزم‬wµqv hvi ‫ ﻣﺗﻌﻠق‬i‡q‡Q|
wØZxq D`vni‡Y ‫ ﻧﺻرت‬wµqvwU ‫ ﻓﻌل ﻣﺗﻌدى‬ev ‫ ﻣﺗﻌدى‬wµqv hvi ‫ ﻣﺗﻌﻠق‬i‡q‡Q|
* ‫ ﺷﺑﮫ ﻓﻌل‬: wµqv mv`„k¨ H wµqv‡K e‡j hv cÖK…Z c‡ÿ ‫ ﻓﻌل‬b‡n eis Zv ‫ ﻓﻌل‬Gi gZ ‫ ﻋﻣل‬ev KvR K‡i _v‡K|
A_©vr ‫ ﻓﻌل‬Gi †h iKg ‫ ﻓﺎﻋل‬I ‫ ﻣﻔﻌول‬Av‡Q| wVK Z`ªæc BnviI Av‡Q|
* ‫ ﺷﺑﮫ ﻓﻌل‬n‡”Q : (1) ‫( اﺳم ﻓﺎﻋل‬2) ‫( اﺳم ﻣﻔﻌول‬3) ‫( اﺳم ﺗﻔﺿﯾل‬4) ‫( اﺳم ظرف‬5) ‫( ﺻﻔت ﻣﺷﺑﮫ‬6) ‫ﻣﺻدر‬
(7) ‫اﺳم ﻣﺑﺎﻟﻐﺔ‬
84 k cvV
‫ ﻓﻌل‬I ‫ ﻓﺎﻋل‬Gi wKQz ÁvZe¨ welq:
cÖ‡Z¨K ‫ ﻓﻌل‬ev wµqvi Rb¨ ‫ ﻓﺎﻋل‬Aek¨B _vK‡Z n‡e| Ggb †Kvb ‫ ﻓﻌل‬bvB hvi ‫ ﻓﺎﻋل‬cvIqv hvqbv| weavq ‫ ﻓﻌل‬I
‫ ﻓﺎﻋل‬Gi gv‡S wbexo m¤úK© i‡q‡Q| wb‡¤œ K‡ZK cÖ‡qvRbxq wbqg wjwce× Kiv nj|
1) Aviwe‡Z cÖ_‡g ‫ ﻓﻌل‬I c‡i ‫ ﻓﺎﻋل‬G‡m _v‡K| h_v: ‫ ذھب زﯾد‬hv‡q` ‡M‡Q| GLv‡b ‫ ذھب‬wµqv cÖ_‡g Ges ‫ زﯾد‬kãwU
dv‡qj c‡i G‡m‡Q|
2) ‫ ﻓﺎﻋل‬I ‫ ﻣﻔﻌول‬Dfq ‫ اﺳم‬n‡q _v‡K| h_v: ‫ ﺿرب زﯾد ﻋﻣروا‬hv‡q` Avgi‡K cÖnvi K‡i‡Q| GLv‡b ‫ زﯾد‬I ‫ﻋﻣرو‬
DfqB ‫ اﺳم‬hv h_vµ‡g ‫ ﻓﺎﻋل‬I ‫ ﻣﻔﻌول‬n‡q‡Q|
3) ‫ ﻓﺎﻋل‬I ‫ ﻣﻔﻌول‬Dfq ‫ ﺿﻣﯾر‬I n‡q _v‡K| h_v: ‫ ﻧﺻرﺗﮭم‬Avwg Zv‡`i‡K mvnvh¨ K‡iwQ| GLv‡b ‫ ﺿﻣﯾر اﻧﺎ‬I
‫ ﺿﻣﯾر ھم‬DfqB ‫ ﺿﻣﯾر‬n‡q‡Q| hv h_vµ‡g ‫ ﻓﺎﻋل‬I ‫ ﻣﻔﻌول‬n‡q‡Q|
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4) ‫ ﻓﺎﻋل‬m`vme©`v †ck Ges ‫ ﻣﻔﻌول‬m`v me©`v Rei wewkó n‡q _v‡K| h_v: ‫ ﺿرب زﯾد ﻋﻣروا‬hv‡q` Avgi‡K cÖnvi
K‡i‡Q| G D`vni‡Y ‫ زﯾد‬kãwU ‫ ﻓﺎﻋل‬nIqvi Kvi‡Y †ck Ges ‫ ﻋﻣروا‬kãwU ‫ ﻣﻔﻌول‬nIqvi Kvi‡Y Rei n‡q‡Q|
5) ‫† ﻓﺎﻋل‬h mgq cÖKv‡k¨ we‡kl¨ n‡e ZLb ‫† ﻓﺎﻋل‬h eP‡bi (‫ واﺣد‬/ ‫ ﺗﺛﻧﯾﺔ‬/ ‫† )ﺟﻣﻊ‬nvK bv †Kb ‫† ﻓﻌل‬K GKePb Avb‡Z
nq| nv wj½ †f‡` ‫† ﻓﻌل‬K ‫ ﻣذﻛر‬I ‫ ﻣؤﻧث‬Avbv Ab¯^xKvh©| †hgb:-
(K) ‫ واﺣد ﻣذﻛر‬h_v: ‫ﻗﺎم اﻟرﺟل‬ (L) ‫ واﺣد ﻣؤﻧث‬h_v: ‫ﻗﺎﻟت اﻟﺑﻧت‬
(K) ‫ ﺗﺛﻧﯾﺔ ﻣذﻛر‬h_v: ‫ﻗﺎم اﻟرﺟﻼن‬ (L) ‫ ﺗﺛﻧﯾﺔ ﻣؤﻧث‬h_v: ‫ﻗﺎﻟت اﻟﺑﻧﺗﺎن‬
(K) ‫ ﺟﻣﻊ ﻣذﻛر‬h_v: ‫ﻗﺎم اﻟرﺟﺎل‬ (L) ‫ ﺟﻣﻊ ﻣؤﻧث‬h_v: ‫ﻗﺎﻟت اﻟﺑﻧﺎت‬
6) Avevi ‫† ﻓﺎﻋل‬h mgq ‫ ﺿﻣﯾر‬ev me©bvg n‡e, H mgq ‫† ﻓﺎﻋل‬h eP‡bi n‡e ‫† ﻓﻌل‬K †m eP‡bi Avb‡Z n‡e| A_v©r †h
we‡k‡l¨i cwie‡Z© H ‫ ﺿﻣﯾر‬D‡jøL Kiv n‡q‡Q| Zv H ‫ ﻓﻌل‬Gi Av‡M D‡jøL _vKzK ev bvB _vKzK Dfq Ae¯’v‡Z ‫† ﻓﻌل‬K
‫ ﻓﺎﻋل‬Abyhvqx Avb‡Z n‡e| ‫ اﻟزﯾدون ذھﺑوا ـ اﻟزﯾدان ذھﺑﺎ ـ اﻟزﯾد ذھب‬cÖ_g D`vni‡Y ‫ ذھب‬wµqvi ‫ ﻓﺎﻋل‬nj ‫ھو‬
me©bvg| Ges me©bvgwU †h ‫ اﺳم‬Gi cwie‡Z© D‡jøL Kiv n‡q‡Q| †m ‫ اﺳم‬wU ‫ ﻓﻌل‬Gi Av‡M D‡jøL Kiv n‡q‡Q| †m ‫ اﺳم‬wU
‫ ﻓﻌل‬Gi Av‡M D‡jøL i‡q‡Q|
7) ‫ ﻓﺎﻋل‬hw` ‫ ﻣؤﻧث ﺣﻘﯾﻘﻰ‬ev cÖK…Z ¯¿xwj½ nq, Z‡e wZbwU k‡Z© ‫† ﻓﻌل‬K ‫ ﻣؤﻧث‬Avb‡Z nq| †m kZ©¸‡jv wb¤œiƒc:
(K) ‫ ﻓﻌل‬I ‫ ﻓﺎﻋل‬Gi gvSLv‡b †Kvb e¨eavb bv _vKv| (L) gvby‡li bvg nIqv| (M) ‫ ﻓﻌل‬wU iƒcvšÍikxj nIqv| A_©vr
Ggb ‫ ﻓﻌل‬hv ‫ ﻧﮭﻰ ـ اﻣر ـ ﻣﺿﺎرع ـ ﻣﺎﺿﻰ‬c‡` iƒcvšÍwiZ nq| h_v: ‫ ذھﺑت ﻣرﯾم‬D`vni‡Y ‫ ﻣرﯾم‬kãwU GKRb gvby‡li
bvg| ‫ ﻓﻌل‬I ‫ ﻓﺎﻋل‬Gi gvSLv‡b †Kvb e¨eavb bvB| ‫ ﻓﻌل‬wU iƒcvšÍikxj| Avi hw` Dc‡ivwjøwLZ wZbwU kZ© n‡Z †h
†Kvb GKwU kZ© cvIqv bv hvq, Z‡e ‫† ﻓﻌل‬K ‫ ﻣذﻛر و ﻣؤﻧث‬e¨envi Kiv hv‡e| h_v:
(1)‫ ﺿرب اﻟﯾوم ھﻧد‬ev ‫ ﺿرﺑت اﻟﯾوم ھﻧد‬A`¨ wn›`v †g‡i‡Q|
(2) ‫ اﺗﻰ اﻟﻧﻌﺟﺔ‬ev ‫ اﺗت اﻟﻧﻌﺟﺔ‬D‡Ui ev”Pv G‡m‡Q|
(3) ‫ ﻧﻌم ھﻧد‬ev ‫ ﻧﻌﻣت ھﻧد‬wn›`v DËg n‡q‡Q|
1) cÖ_g D`vni‡Y ‫ ﻓﻌل‬I ‫ ﻓﺎﻋل‬Gi gvSLv‡b ‫ ﻓﺎﺻﻠﺔ‬Z_v e¨eavb i‡q‡Q|
2) wØZxq D`vni‡Y ‫ ﻓﺎﻋل‬gvby‡li bvg nq bvB|
3) Z…Zxq D`vni‡Y ‫ ﻓﻌل‬Z_v wµqvwU iƒcvšÍikxj b‡n| ZvB ‫† ﻓﻌل‬K ‫ ﻣذﻛر‬I ‫ ﻣؤﻧث‬Avbv Rv‡qR n‡q‡Q|
8) ‫ ﻓﺎﻋل‬hw` ‫ ﻣؤﻧث ﻏﯾر ﺣﻘﯾﻘﻰ‬nq, Z‡e ‫‡ ﻓﻌل‬K ‫ ﻣذﻛر‬I ‫ ﻣؤﻧث‬Dfqfv‡e e¨envi Kiv n‡q _v‡K| h_v: ‫طﻠﻊ اﻟﺷﻣس‬
ev ‫ طﻠﻌت اﻟﺷﻣس‬m~h©¨ D`q n‡q‡Q|
9) ‫ ﻓﺎﻋل‬hw` ‫ ﻣؤﻧث ﻏﯾر ﺣﻘﯾﻘﻰ‬Gi me©bvg nq, Z‡e ‫† ﻓﻌل‬K Aek¨B ¯¿x wj½ e¨envi Ki‡Z n‡e| h_v: ‫اﻟﺷﻣس طﻠﻌت‬
m~h© D`q n‡q‡Q|
10) ‫ ﻣﻔﻌول‬hw` ‫ ﺗﺛﻧﯾﮫ‬nq Z‡e ‫ ان‬Gi cwie‡Z© ‫ ﯾن‬n‡e| h_v: ‫رأﯾت اﻟرﺟﻠﯾن‬
11) ‫ ﻣﻔﻌول‬hw` ‫ ﺟﻣﻊ ﻣذﻛر ﺳﺎﻟم‬nq, Z‡e ‫ ون‬Gi cwie‡Z© ‫ ﯾن‬n‡e| h_v: ‫رأﯾت اﻟﻣﺳﻠﻣﯾن‬
12) ‫ ﻣﻔﻌول‬hw` ‫ ﺟﻣﻊ ﻣوﻧث ﺳﺎﻟم‬nq, Z‡e ‫ ات‬Gi ‫ ﺗﺎء‬Gi wb‡P †Ri n‡e| h_v: ‫رأﯾت اﻟﻣﺳﻠﻣﺎت‬
€
85k cvV
‫ اﺛﺑﺎت ﻓﻌل ﻣﺎﺿﻰ ﻣطﻠق ﻣﻌروف‬ev Past Indefinite tense.
‫ﺟﻤﻊ‬ ‫ﺗﺜﻨﯿﺔ‬ ‫واﺣﺪ‬
‫ﻓﻌﻠﻮا‬ ‫ﻓﻌﻼ‬ ‫ﻓﻌﻞ‬
‫ﻓﻌﻠﻦ‬ ‫ﻓﻌﻠﺘﺎ‬ ‫ﻓﻌﻠﺖ‬
‫ﻓﻌﻠﺘﻢ‬ ‫ﻓﻌﻠﺘﻤﺎ‬ ‫ﻓﻌﻠﺖ‬
‫ﻓﻌﻠﺘﻦ‬ ‫ﻓﻌﻠﺘﻤﺎ‬ ‫ﻓﻌﻠﺖ‬
‫ﻓﻌﻠﻨﺎ‬ ‫ﻓﻌﻠﻨﺎ‬ ‫ﻓﻌﻠﺖ‬
‫ ﻣﺎﺿﻰ‬: AZxZ Kvj: H wµqv‡K e‡j, †h wµqv †Kvb GKwU NUbv msNwUZ n‡q †M‡Q eySvq| h_v: ‫† ﺿرب‬m
cÖnvi K‡i‡Q| GLv‡b cÖnvi GKwU KvR hv c~‡e© msNwUZ n‡q †M‡Q eySvq|
‫ ﻣﺎﺿﻰ ﻣﺟﮭول‬: wZb Aÿi wewkó ‫† ﻣﺎﺿﻰ‬K ‫ ﻣﺟﮭول‬Ki‡Z n‡j ‫ ﻓﺎء ﻛﻠﻣﺔ‬A_©vr cÖ_g Aÿ‡ii Dci ‫ ﺿﻣﺔ‬,
‫ ﻋﯾن ﻛﻠﻣﺔ‬ev wØZxq Aÿ‡ii wbP †Ri w`‡Z n‡e| h_v: ‫‡_† ﻓﻌل‬K ‫ﻓﻌل‬
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86k cvV
‫ ﻋﻼﻣﺎت ﻣﺎﺿﻰ‬: AZxZKvj wµqv c‡`i wPýmg~n
cÖavbZ: ‫ ﻣﺎﺿﻰ‬ev AZxZKvj `yÕcÖKvi|
1) H wµqv hv‡Z ‫ ﻣﺎﺿﻰ‬Gi A_© I Zvi wPý cvIqv hvq| h_v: ‫ﺿرﺑت‬ ْ ُ
‫ﺿرﺑت ـ‬ D‡jøL¨ †h ‫ ﻣﺎﺿﻰ‬Gi wPý `yÕwU (1)
ْ
‫ ﺗﺎء ﻧﺎﺗﯾث‬h_v ‫ﺿرﺑت‬ ُ
(2) ‫ ﺗﺎء اﻟﻔﺎﻋل‬h_v: ‫ﺿرﺑت‬
2) H wµqv hvi g‡a¨ ‫ ﻣﺎﺿﻰ‬Gi A_© cvIqv hvq| wKš‘ Zvi `yÕwU wPý n‡Z †Kvb GKwU wPý cvIqv hvqbv| G ai‡bi
‫† ﻣﺎﺿﻰ‬K ‫( ﻣﻠﺣق ﺑﺎﻟﻣﺎﺿﻰ‬mswkøó AZxZKvj wµqvc`) ejv nq| h_v: ‫ اﺑد‬MZKj¨, ‫† ھﯾﮭﺎت‬m `yi n‡q ‡M‡Q| ‫ﺷﺗﺎت‬
†m c„_K n‡q †M‡Q|
H wµqv hv‡Z ‫ ﻣﺎﺿﻰ‬Gi A_© I Zvi wPý cvIqv hvq Zv `yÕcÖKvi|
1) H wµqv hv‡Z ‫ﻣﺎﺿﻰ ﻧﮭﻰ ـ اﻣر ـ ﻣﺿﺎرع ـ‬me wµqv‡Z iƒcvšÍi nq| ‫ ﻻﺗﺿرب ـ اﺿرب ـ ﯾﺿرب ـ ﺿرب‬Gi `yÕwU
ُ
wPý i‡q‡Q| (K) H wµqv hv ‫ ﺗﺎء اﻟﻔﺎﻋل‬A_©vr KZ©v‡evaK ‫ ﺗﺎء‬MÖnb K‡i _v‡K| h_v: ‫ﺿرﺑت‬ ‫( ﺿرﺑت ـ ﺿرﺑت ـ‬L)
ْ
H wµqv hv ‫ ﺗﺎء اﻟﺗﺎﻧﯾث‬A_©vr‫ ﻣؤﻧث‬Gi ‫† ﺗﺎء‬K MÖnb K‡i _v‡K| h_v: ‫ﺿرﺑت‬
2) H wµqv hv ïaygvÎ ‫ ﻣﺎﺿﻰ‬wµqv‡Z iƒcvšÍwiZ nq| h_v: ‫ ﻋﺳﻰ ـ ﺳﺎء ـ ﺑﺋس ـ ﻧﻌم ـ ﻟﯾس‬BZ¨vw`|
Bnv Avevi `yÕcÖKvi: (K) H wµqv hv ‫ ﻣﺎﺿﻰ‬Gi mg¯Í iƒcvšÍi‡K MÖnb K‡i| A_©vr ‫ ﻣﺎﺿﻰ‬Gi †h iKg 14wU ‫ﺻﯾﻐﺔ‬
Av‡Q| GiI †miKg 14wU ‫ ﺻﯾﻐﺔ‬n‡e| h_v ‫( ﻟﯾس‬L) H wµqv hv ‫ ﻣﺎﺿﻰ‬Gi mg¯Í iƒcvšÍi‡K MÖnb K‡i bv| h_v: ‫ﺑﺋس‬
‫ ﻧﺳﺑت‬//‫ ﻣﺳﺎء ﺳﺎﺋت‬/ ‫ﻧﻌم ﻧﻌﻣت ﻋﺳﻰ ﻋﺳت‬
87k cvV
‫( اﻟﻣﺎﺿﻰ‬AZxZ Kvj)
‫ اﻟﻔﻌل واﻟﻔﺎﻋل اﻟﻣﺿﻣر‬: wµqv ‫ ﺿﻣﯾر‬hy³ KZ©vi e¨envi:
D‡jøL¨ †h †h ‫ ﻓﺎﻋل‬c` ‫ ﺗﺛﻧﯾﺔ ـ واﺣد ـ ﺿﻣﯾرﺟﻣﻊ ـ‬n‡Z cv‡i| GLv‡b ‫ ﻓﺎﻋل‬c` ‫ ﺿﻣﯾر‬nIqvi e¨vcv‡i Av‡jvPbv Kiv
n‡”Q| ‫ ﻓﺎﻋل‬c` hLb ‫ ﺿﻣﯾر‬nq Zv ‫ ﻓﻌل‬Gi mv‡_ m¤ú„³ n‡q _v‡K| ‫ ﻓﻌل‬n‡Z c„_Kfv‡e D‡jøwLZ nq bv| †hgb
‫ ﺿرﺑت‬Zzwg ‡g‡iQ| D`vni‡b ‫ ت‬hv ‫ ﻓﺎﻋل‬Z_v KZ©v ‫ ﺿرب‬wµqvi mv‡_ m¤ú„³ n‡q‡Q|
‡m †n‡m‡Q ‫ﺿﺣك‬ He laughed.
‡m (¯¿x) †n‡m‡Q ‫ﺿﺣﻛت‬ She laughed.
Zviv cvV K‡i‡Q ‫درﺳوا‬ They studied.
‡Zvgiv Ly‡jQ ‫ﻓﺗﺣﺗم‬ You opened.
‡Zvgiv (¯¿x) Ly‡jQ ‫ﻓﺗﺣﺗن‬ You opened.
Avgiv cwiavb K‡iwQ ‫ﻟﺑﺳﻧﺎ‬ We wore.
Zviv ˆZwi K‡i‡Q ‫ﺻﻧﻌوا‬ They built.
Avgiv e‡jwQ| ‫ﻗﻠﻧﺎ‬ We said.
Zviv (¯¿x) cÖnvi K‡i‡Q ‫ﺿرﺑن‬ They beat.
‡Zvgiv cvb Ki bvB ‫ﻣﺎﺷرﺑﺗم‬ You didn’t drink.
‡Zvgiv (¯¿x) avibv Kiwb ‫ﻣﺎﺗﺣﺳﺑﺗم‬ You didn’t guess.
Avwg Kuvw` bvB ‫ﻣﺎﺑﻛﯾت‬ I didn’t cry.
Past Indefinite Tense
AZx‡Z †Kvb KvR n‡qwQj ev N‡UwQj Ggb eySv‡j verb-Gi Past Indefinite Tense nq| h_v: He went to school
MVb:
Affirmative: Subject + Verb (past form)
He went to school.
Negative: Subj + didn’t + verb (present form)
He didn’t go to school.
Interrogative: Did/Didn’t + Subj + verb (present form)
Did he go to school?
 83

Exercise
Fill in the gaps by using Past Indefinite Tense.
1) I --- him a minute ago
2) I --- to the market yesterday.
3) He --- a banana.
4) They --- football in that field.
5) Then he --- a song.
6) They --- their clothes yesterday.
7) He did not --- fruit.
8) You --- not finish the lesson.
9) They did not -- him.
10) --- they finish the lessons?
51k Abykxjbx
1) Aviwe I Bs‡iwR Ki:
†Zvgiv w`‡qQ| Zviv ÿgv K‡i‡Q| †Zvgiv wnsmv K‡iQ| Zviv (¯¿x) AvNvZ K‡i‡Q| †m (¯¿x) avibv K‡i‡Q| Zviv
`yBRb (¯¿x) DcvR©b K‡i‡Q| Zviv Pzwi K‡i‡Q| †Zvgiv Mvb K‡iQ| Avgiv `yÕRb Lbb K‡iwQ| †h hy× K‡i‡Q|
Avgiv wedj n‡qwQ| wdm wdm K‡i‡Q| Zviv `yÕRb †Ljv K‡i‡Q| †Zvgiv `vb K‡iQ| Zviv †`wL‡q‡Q| †Zvgiv
cwiavb K‡iQ| Zviv Rqjvf K‡i‡Q| †m enb K‡i‡Q| †Zvgiv `yÕR‡b AvNvZ K‡iQ| Avwg DcvR©b K‡iwQ| †Zvgiv
ïbwb| Zviv K…ZKvh© nqwb| †Zvgiv K…ZKvh© nIwb| Avgiv Kwi bvB| Avgiv NygvBwb| †Zvgiv `yÕRb N„Yv Kiwb|
Avgiv 2Rb cwowb| Zviv (¯¿x) ï‡bwb| Avgiv cvKv Kwiwb| †Zvgiv mvnvh¨ Kiwb|
2) niKZ w`‡q evsjv Ki:
‫ﻓرﺣﺗم ـ ﻣﺎﻓرﺣﻧﺎ ـ ﻣﺎﺗوا ـ اﺧذن ـ ﻗﻣن ـ ﻣﺎﻟﺑﺳوا ـ ﺷرﯾت ـ ﻣﺎﻧﺑت ـ ﺳرﻗوا ـ ﻋﻠﻣت ـ ﺣﺳﺑت ـ وﺟدوا ـ اﺧذﺗم ـ وﺿﻌﺗم‬
‫ـ ﻗﺻدوا ـ ﺑﺻﻘوا ـ دﻋوت ـ ﻓزﻧﺎ ـ ﺑﻌت ـ اﻣروا ـ رﻓﺿوا ـ ﻟﻔﻔت ـ ﺟرﺣت ـ ذرﻋوا ـ ﻓﻘدوا ـ ﻣﺎﻓﺎزوا ـ ﻣﺎدﻋوت ـ‬
‫ﻣﺎﺳﺄﻟﻧﺎ ـ ﻣﺎﺻﻧﻌوا ـ ﻏرﻗﺗﻣﺎ ـ ﺑﺳت ـ ﺗرﻛﻧﺎ ـ ﻛﺳروا ـ ﻟﻘﯾﺗﻣﺎ ـ وﻓﻘﺗم ـ رﻓﺿن ـ ﻗﺻدن ـ ﻏﺳﻠوا ـ ﻛﺳﺑﺗن ـ ﻏﻔروا ـ‬
‫دﻓﻘت ـ ﻟﺑﺳﺗم ـ ﻋطﺳوا ـ ﺣﺑﺑت ـ ﻣﺳﺄ ـ ﻛﺗﻣﺗﺎ ـ ﺣﺳدﺗﺎ ـ ﺣﺑﺄ ـ ﻟﻣﺳوا ـ ﻣﺎﺟررت ـ ﻣﺎﺳﻘطواـ ﻧﺎﺣوا ـ ﺳﻣﻌت ـ ﺣﻔظوا ـ‬
‫ﺣﺻﻠت ـ ﺧﺻوا ـ‬
3)evsjv I Aviwe Ki:
I went. They came. You saw. He failed. She sang. We helped. He didn’t learn. We didn’t
study. You laughed. They didn’t write. I didn’t play.
88k cvV
‫ اﻟﻔﻌل واﻟﻔﺎﻋل اﻟواﺣد‬wµqv I GKePbhy³ KZ©v
1) ‫ ﻓﺎﻋل‬hw` cªKvk¨ GKePb nq, Z‡e ‫ ﻓﻌل‬I GKePb n‡e|
2) ‫ ﻓﺎﻋل‬hw` ‫ ﻣذﻛر‬nq, Z‡e ‫ ﻓﻌل‬I ‫ ﻣذﻛر‬n‡e|
3) ‫ ﻓﺎﻋل‬hw` ‫ ﻣؤﻧث‬nq, Z‡e ‫ ﻓﻌل‬I ‫ ﻣؤﻧث‬n‡e| h_v:-
hv‡q` ‡M‡Q ‫ذھب زﯾد‬ Jayed went.
Kwig Ly‡j‡Q ‫ﻓﺗﺢ ﻛرﯾم‬ Karim opened.
Lv‡j`v e‡j‡Q ‫ﻗﺎﻟت ﺧﺎﻟدة‬ Khaled said.
myh©¨ D`q nqwb ‫ﻣﺎطﻠﻌت اﻟﺷﻣس‬ The sun didn’t rise.
Kwig K…ZKvh© n‡q‡Q ‫ﻧﺟﺢ ﻛرﯾم‬ Karim succeeded.
hv‡q` hvqwb ‫ﻣﺎذھب زﯾد‬ Jayed didn’t come.
iwngv nv‡mwb ‫ﻣﺎ ﺿﺣﻛت رﺣﯾﻣﺔ‬ Rahima didn’t laugh.
iwdK gv‡iwb ‫ﻣﺎﺿرب رﻓﯾق‬ Rafik didn’t beat.
hv‡q` avibv K‡iwb ‫ﻣﺎﺣﺳب زﯾد‬ Jayed didn’t guess.
Kwei c‡owb ‫ﻣﺎ ﻗرأ ﻛﺑﯾر‬ Kabir didn’t read.
 84

52k Abykxjbx
1) Aviwe I Bs‡iwR Ki:
Avjøvn `qv K‡i‡Qb| Avjøvn mvnvh¨ K‡i‡Qb| iwng P‡j †M‡Qb| ivm~j (m:) †M‡Qb| iwngv hvqwb| Lv‡j`v †`‡L
bvB| Kwig e‡m bvB| hqbe ev‡a bvB| iwngv †`‡L‡Q| wmsnwU g‡i bvB| Avjøvn mvnvh¨ K‡iwb| Kwig I kwdK
hvqwb| Avgiv ewm bvB| †Zvgiv wj‡LQ| †Zvgiv (¯¿x) wj‡LQ| Zviv `yÕRb evjK K‡i‡Q| †Zvgiv Av‡`k Ki bvB|
Zviv `yÕRb mš‘ó nqwb| †m wRÁvmv K‡i wb| Kwig wmm w`‡q‡Q| evjK `yÕwU cvV K‡i bvB| Kwig enb K‡i bvB|
†Zvgiv muvZvi KvU‡e|Zviv e‡m bvB| Avgiv Rvwb bvB| hv‡q` I iwng B”Qv K‡i bvB| Zviv `yÕRb †L‡jwb| Lv‡j`
I kwdK ˆZwi K‡i bvB| Kwigv `vb K‡iwb| ûgvBiv K_v e‡jwb| mygvBqv Kuvw`qv‡Q| evNwU Nywg‡q‡Q| gy‡k©` hvq
bvB| Zviv gviv †M‡Q| Av¤§v gviv †M‡Qb| AveŸv gviv †M‡Qb|
2) niKZ w`‡q evsjv Ki:
‫ذھﺑوا ـ اﻣر زﯾد ـ ﻣﺷت زﯾﻧب ـ راﺣت ﻓﺎطﻣﺔ ـ ﺳﺄل ﻛرﯾم ـ ﻏرﻗن ـ ﻟﺑﺳﺗم ـ ﺣﻔظﺗم ـ ﺣﺳد زﯾد ـ دﻋوﺗم ـ ﺣﻔظﺎ ﻋﻣرو ـ‬
‫ﻏﺳل ﻛرﯾم ـ دﻋوت ـ ﺣﻔظﺗم ـ زرﻋﺗﻣﺎ ـ ﻛﻧﺗم ـ ﺳرﻗوا ـ دﻋون ـ ﺣﻔظوا ـ ﻓرﺣﺗم ـ ﺗرﻛﻧﺎ ـ طﻠﻌﺗﺎ ـ وﻗﻔوا ـ رﻗﺻت ـ‬
‫ﺷﺎھدة ـ ﻗﺻدﺗن ـ ھﻣس زﯾد ـ ﻟطم ﻋﻣرو ـ ﻣﺎ طﻠﻌت اﻟﺷﻣس ـ ﻣﺎ ﺷﺗﻣت اﻟﺑﻧت ـ ﻏرﺑت اﻟﺷﻣس ـ ﻣﺎطﻠﻊ اﻟﻘﻣر ـ ﻣس زﯾد‬
‫ـ ﻋض اﻟﻛﻠب ـ ﺑﺎع زﯾد ـ ظﻔر زﯾد ـ ﺳرق ﻛﻣﺎل ـ ﻏﺳل رﺣﯾم ـ رﺳب ﺣﻣﯾد ـ ﺗرك ﺷﻔﯾق ـ ﺗرﻛﺗﻣﺎ ـ ﺑﺻﻘوا ـ ﺟرﺣﺗم ـ‬
‫رﻓض ـ ﻛرھت ھﻧد ـ ﻣﺎﺳرﻗﺗم ـ ﺣرب زﯾد ـ ﻣﺎﻧﺎﻣوا ـ ﻣﺎﻧﺟﺣﺗﻣﺎ ـ ﻣﺎﺳﻣﻌﻧﺎ ـ ﻣﺎﺑﻛﻰ ﻛرﯾم ـ ﺷرﺑﺗم ـ ﻣﺎﻗراء ﺣﺑﯾب ـ‬
‫ﻣﺎوﺿﻊ رﺣﯾم ـ ﻣﺎﻣﺎﺗت ﺣﺑﯾﺑﺔ ـ‬
3)evsjv I Aviwe Ki:
Karim worked. Rahim smiled. The boy swam. The girl danced. The man slept. The baby
played. The student studied. Jami didn’t learn. Sami didn’t go. Habib didn’t play.

89k cvV
‫(اﻟﻔﻌل واﻟﻔﺎﻋل اﻟﻣﺛﻧﻰ‬wµqv I wØePb KZ©v)
K) ‫ ﻓﺎﻋل‬hw` cÖKvk¨ ‫ ﺗﺛﻧﯾﺔ‬nq, Z‡e ‫ ﻓﻌل‬GKePb n‡e|
L) ‫ ﻓﺎﻋل‬hw` ‫ ﺗﺛﻧﯾﺔ‬nq, Z‡e †ck bv n‡q ‫ إن‬n‡e| h_v:
`yBRb †jvK G‡m‡Q ‫ﺟﺎء رﺟﻼن‬ Two men came.
`yBRb hv‡q` fz‡j †M‡Q ‫ﻧﺳﻰ اﻟزﯾدان‬ Two Jayeds forgot.
‡jvK `yBwU Nywg‡q‡Q ‫ﻧﺎم اﻟرﺟﻼن‬ Two men slept.
`yBRb Kb¨v †Ku‡`‡Q ‫ﺑﻛت ﺑﻧﺗﺎن‬ Two daughters cried.
P›`ª myh© D‡V‡Q ‫ ﻏرب اﻟﻘﻣران‬/‫ﻏرﺑت اﻟﺷﻣﺳﺎن‬ The sun and the moon rose.
wcZv-gvZv †g‡i‡Q ‫ﺿرب اﻻﺑوان‬ Parents beat.
53k Abykxjbx
1) Aviwe I Bs‡iwR Ki:
‡jvK 2wU e‡m‡Q| Kjg 2wU nvwi‡q †M‡Q| `yÕRb Kwig †L‡q‡Q| MvQ `yÕwU c‡o †M‡Q| †Q‡j `yÕwU g‡i †M‡Q| `yÕRb
hv‡q` Pvl K‡i‡Q| `yÕRb kÎæ wdm wdm K‡i‡Q| 2wU cvwL D‡o †M‡Q| 2wU Ni †f‡½ †M‡Q| QvÎ 2wU †cŠ‡Q‡Q| cyÎ
2wU †cŠwQ‡q‡Q| Kjg 2wU †n‡i †M‡Q| `yÕwU Mvfx g‡i †M‡Q| hv‡q` cweÎZv AR©b K‡i‡Q| Kwig e‡m‡Q| wcZv-
gvZv G‡m‡Q| `yB eÜz †`‡L‡Q| gvQ `yÕwU †f‡m †M‡Q| †Q‡j 2wU nZ¨v K‡i‡Q| cv_i 2wU c‡o †M‡Q|
2) niKZ w`‡q evsjv Ki:
‫رﻓﻊ اﻟرﺟﻼن ـ ﺷﺗم اﻟرﺟﻼن ـ ﻓﺗﺣت ـ درﺳت ـ وﺟدت ـ ﺣﺿرت اﻟﻣرأﺗﺎن ـ ﻏﺎب اﻟطﺎﻟﺑﺎن ـ ﺟﺎءت اﻻﻣرأﺗﺎن ـ ﻟﺑس‬
‫اﻟرﺟﻼن ـ ﻗرأ اﻟﺷﯾﺧﺎن ـ ﺿﺣﻛت ﺑﻧﺗﺎن ـ ﺳﻘط اﻟﺻﺑﯾﺎن ـ ذھب اﻟﻛرﯾﻣﺎن ـ طﻠﻌت اﻟﺷﻣﺳﺎن ـ ﻓﻘد ﻛﺗﺎﺑﺎن ـ ﻣﺎت اﺧوان‬
‫ـ ﺳرﻗت اﺧﺗﺎن ـ ﺳرق رﻣﺎن ـ ذھب اﻟﻛرﯾﻣﺎن ـ ﻋﺿت اﻟﺣﯾﺗﺎن ـ وﺻﻠت اﻟرﺳﺎﻟﺗﺎن ـ ﺟرح اﻟرﺟل ـ ﻏﺳل ﻛرﯾم ـ ﻧﺳﻰ‬
‫اﻟزﯾدان ـ‬
3)evsjv I Aviwe Ki:
Parents advised. The two boys came. The two men worked. The two girls sang. The two
friends met. They two didn’t come. The two babies didn’t sleep.
 85

90k cvV
‫( اﻟﻔﻌل واﻟﻔﺎﻋل ﻋﻠﻰ اﻟﺟﻣوع‬wµqv I eûePb KZ©v)
K) ‫ ﻓﺎﻋل‬hw` ‫ ﺟﻣﻊ ﻣﻛﺳر‬nq, Z‡e †ck n‡e|
L) ‫ ﻓﺎﻋل‬hw` ‫ ﺟﻣﻊ ﻣذﻛر ﺳﺎﻟم‬nq, Z‡e †c‡ki cwie‡Z© ‫ ون‬n‡e|
M) ‫ ﻓﺎﻋل‬hw` ‫ ﺟﻣﻊ ﻣؤﻧث ﺳﺎﻟم‬nq, Z‡e †ck n‡e|
N) ‫ ﻓﺎﻋل‬hw` ‫ﺟﻣﻊ ﻣﻛﺳر‬nq, Z‡e ‫† ﻓﻌل‬K ‫ ﻣذﻛر‬I ‫ ﻣؤﻧث‬Dfq e¨envi Kiv †h‡Z cv‡i|
O) ‫ ﻓﺎﻋل‬hw` ‫ ﺟﻣﻊ ﻣذﻛر ﺳﺎﻟم‬nq, Z‡e ‫† ﻓﻌل‬K ‫ واﺣد ﻣذﻛر ﻏﺎﺋب‬Avb‡Z n‡e|
P) ‫ ﻓﺎﻋل‬hw` ‫ ﺟﻣﻊ ﻣؤﻧث ﺳﺎﻟم‬nq, Z‡e ‫† ﻓﻌل‬K ‫ واﺣد ﻣؤﻧث ﻏﺎﺋب‬Avb‡Z n‡e|
wb‡¤œ cÖ‡Z¨KwU D`vniY ‡`qv nj:
K) ‫ ﻓﺎﻋل‬hw` ‫ ﺟﻣﻊ ﻣذﻛر‬nq, Z‡e ‫† ﻓﻌل‬K ‫ ﻣذﻛر‬I ‫ ﻣؤﻧث‬Dfq Avb‡Z n‡e| h_v:
A‡bK †jvK G‡m‡Q ‫ ﺟﺎء رﺟﺎل‬ev ‫ ﺟﺎءت رﺟﺎل‬Many men came.
A‡bK igbx †K‡`‡Q ‫ ﺑﻛت ﻧﺳﺎء‬ev ‫ ﺑﻛﻰ ﻧﺳوة‬Many women cried.
A‡bK cvwL D‡o †M‡Q ‫ طﺎرت طﯾور‬ev ‫ طﺎر طﯾور‬Many birds flew.
A‡bK †Q‡j †Ku‡`‡Q ‫ ﺑﻛﻰ اوﻻد‬ev ‫ ﺑﻛت أوﻻد‬Many boys crid.
A‡bK wkï g‡i †M‡Q ‫ ﻣﺎت أطﻔﺎل‬ev ‫ ﻣﺎﺗت أطﻔﺎل‬Many babies died.
(L) ‫ ﻓﺎﻋل‬hw` ‫ ﺟﻣﻊ ﻣذﻛر ﺳﺎﻟم‬nq, Z‡e ‫† ﻓﻌل‬K ‫ ﻣذﻛر‬Avb‡Z n‡e| h_v:
A‡bK `iRx G‡m‡Q ‫ﺟﺎء ﺧﯾﺎطون‬ Many tailors came.
QvÎiv `vwo‡q‡Q ‫ﻗﺎم اﻟﻣﻌﻠﻣون‬ The students stood.
gy`xiv µq K‡i‡Q ‫ﺷرى اﻟﺑﻘﺎﻟون‬ The grocers bought.
`wR©¸‡jv G‡m‡Q ‫ﺟﺎء اﻟﺧﯾﺎطون‬ Tailors came.
wjL‡Kiv wj‡L‡Q ‫ﻛﺗب اﻟﻛﺎﺗﺑون‬ Writers wrote.
(M) ‫ ﻓﺎﻋل‬hw` ‫ ﺟﻣﻊ ﻣؤﻧث ﺳﺎﻟم‬nq, Z‡e ‫† ﻓﻌل‬K ‫ ﻣؤﻧث‬Avb‡Z n‡e| h_v:
A‡bK¸‡jv bvm© G‡m‡Q ‫ﺟﺎء ﺧﯾﺎطون‬ Many nurses came.
avÎxMY P‡j †M‡Q ‫ راﺣت اﻟﻣرﺿﻌﺎت‬The midwives left.
QvÎxiv †Ku‡`‡Q ‫ﺑﻛت اﻟطﺎﻟﺑﺎت‬ The students cried.
wkÿqÎxMY ‡g‡i‡Q ‫ ﺿرﺑت اﻟﻣﻌﻠﻣﺎت‬The teachers beat.
Kb¨viv c‡o‡Q ‫ﻗرات اﻟﺑﻧﺎت‬ The daughters read.
54k Abykxjbx
1) Aviwe I Bs‡iwR Ki:
WzeyixMY gviv †M‡Q| QvÎMY cÖZ¨veZ©b K‡i‡Q| igYxMY ‡c‡q‡Q| †dwiIqvjviv P‡j †M‡Q| Øvi iÿKMY cÖ‡ek
K‡i‡Q|QvÎxiv gv`ivmvq G‡m‡Q| A‡bK eÜz †K‡`‡Q| A‡bK gywP P‡j ‡M‡Q| A‡bK Miæ Wz‡e †M‡Q| wfÿzKMb
†K‡`‡Q| myÎK‡iiv KvR K‡i‡Q| Kb¨viv †`‡L‡Q| igbxiv cvK K‡i‡Q| QvÎiv AK…ZKvh© n‡q‡Q| bvexKiv gviv
†M‡Q| †jvK¸wj wb`ªv †M‡Q| wjL‡Kiv ï‡b‡Q| †g‡q †jv‡Kiv †b‡P‡Q|
2) niKZ w`‡q evsjv Ki:
‫وﺻل اﻟطﻼب ـ ﺟﺎءت اﻟطﺎﻟﺑﺎت ـ ذھﺑت اﻟﻧﺳﺎء ـ ﻧﺻر اﻟﻣﮭﻧدﺳون ـ ﻏرب اﻟﻣﻼﺣون ـ ﺻﻧﻊ اﻟﺗﺟﺎرون ـ ﻗﺎم اﻟرﺟﺎل ـ‬
‫ﺣﻔظ اﻻوﻻد ـ ﺟﺎء اﻻﺻدﻗﺎء ـ ذھب اﻻﺧوان ـ ﻣﺳت اﻻﯾدى ـ وﻗﺻت اﻟﺑﻧﺎت ـ رﻗص اﻟﺑﻧون ـ ﺳﻣﻊ اﻟﻧﺎس ـ ﻋﺿب‬
‫اﻟﻛﻼب ـ ﺳﺄﻟت اﻟﻧﺳﺎء ـ ﺑﺻق اﻻوﻻد ـ ﻛﺗب اﻻﺣﺑﺎب ـ ﻏﺳل اﻟﻌﻠﻣﺎء ـ ﺣﻔظ اﻟطﻼب ـ ﻓرح اﻟﺻﺎدﻗون ـ اﻣر اﻟﺣﻛﺎم ـ‬
‫ﻛﺗم اﻻﻏﻧﯾﺎء ـ اﺑﻔت اﻟدﺟﺎﺟﺎت ـ ﺑﺎع اﻟرﺟﺎل ـ ﺣﺻل اﻟطﻼب ـ ﻓرﺣت اﻟطﺎﻟﺑﺎت ـ ﺣﺳد اﻟرﺟﺎل ـ رﺳﺑت اﻟﺑﻧﺎت ـ ﻛﺳب‬
‫اﻻوﻻد ـ ھﻣس اﻟﻧﺎس ـ‬
3)evsjv I Aviwe Ki:
Students came. Friends met. Girls danced. The boys played. The laborers worked. The
babies laughed. The men didn’t work. The cows didn’t eat. Teachers didn’t beat
 86

91k cvV
‫( اﻟﻣﺗﻌﻠﻘﺎت ﺑﺎﻟﻔﻌل‬wµqvi mv‡_ m¤^Ühy³ Ae¨‡qi e¨envi|)
‫ اﻟﻰ‬w`‡K ‫ ﻋﻠﻰ‬Dci ‫ ﻓﻰ‬g‡a¨ ‫ ﻣﻊ‬mv‡_ ‫ ﻣن‬n‡Z ‫ ب‬Øviv
Kwig evRv‡i †M‡Q ‫ ذھب ﻛرﯾم اﻟﻰ اﻟﺳوق‬Karim went to market.
A‡bK¸wj Kwig evRv‡i †M‡Q ‫ ذھت اﻟﻛرﯾﻣون اﻟﻰ اﻟﺳوق‬Many Karims went to market.
m~h©¨ c~e© w`K n‡Z Dw`Z nq ‫ طﻠﻌت اﻟﺷﻣس ﻣن اﻟﻣﺷرق‬The sun rises in the east.
‡m Ni n‡Z gv`ivmvq G‡m‡Q ‫ ﺟﺎء ﻣن اﻟﺑﯾت اﻟﻰ اﻟﻣدرﺳﺔ‬He came to madrasah from home.
†m MvQ n‡Z c‡o †M‡Q ‫ ﺳﻘط ﻣن اﻟﺷﺟرة‬He fell from the tree.
2Rb Kwig evRv‡i †M‡Q ‫ ذھب اﻟﻛرﯾﻣﺎن اﻟﻰ اﻟﺳوق‬Two Karim went to market.
Kwig Kvgivq e‡m‡Q ‫ ﺟﻠس ﻛرﯾم ﻓﻰ اﻟﻐرﻓﺔ‬Karim sat in the room.
Kwig evRvi n‡Z G‡m‡Q ‫ ﺟﺎء ﻛرﯾم ﻣن اﻟﺳوق‬Karim came from market.
‡m gv`ivmv n‡Z evRv‡i †M‡Q ‫ ذھب اﻟﻰ اﻟﺳوق ﻣن اﻟﻣدرﺳﺔ‬He went to market from madrasah.
Avgiv gv‡V †`vovBwQ ‫ ﺟررﻧﺎ ﻋﻠﻰ اﻟﺣﻘل‬We ran in the field.
54k Abykxjbx
1) Aviwe I Bs‡iwR Ki:
Avgiv GK MÖvg n‡Z Ab¨ MÖv‡g ‡MwQ| Zviv MvQ n‡Z cwZZ n‡q‡Q| †Zvgiv †Ljvq Rqjvf K‡iQ| hv‡q` gv‡V
†b‡g‡Q| Avgiv Kwi‡gi mv‡_ mvÿvr K‡iwQ| †Zvgiv cyKz‡i mvZvi †K‡UQ| iwdK cyKz‡i ¯œvb K‡i‡Q| Zviv evox‡Z
wb`ªv †M‡Q| Avwg cixÿvq †dj n‡qwQ| Kwig hv‡q‡`i Rb¨ wejvc K‡i‡Q| Avwg †Zvgi mv‡_ evRv‡i †MwQ| Avwg
iv‡Î c‡owQ| †m XvKv n‡Z G‡m‡Q| †m fvB‡qi wbKU wj‡L‡Q| kv‡n` cyKz‡i ¯œvb K‡i‡Q| Kwig gv‡V Pvl K‡i‡Q|
†Q‡jwU gv‡V †Ljv K‡i‡Q| evjK¸wj c‡o‡Q| Kb¨viv N‡i e‡m‡Q| gyiMx¸wj N‡i †W‡K‡Q|
2) niKZ w`‡q evsjv Ki:
‫ﻣﺎوﺻﻠوا اﻟﻰ اﻟﻣدرﺳﺔ ـ ﻣﺎﺻﺎﻟوا ﻓﻰ اﻟﻧﮭﺎر ـ ﻣﺎﻏرب اﻟﻘﻣر ﻓﻰ اﻟﻠﯾل ـ ﻣﺎ ﻟطﻊ اﻟﻧﺟم ـ ﻣﺎ ﻗﺎﻣت زﯾﻧب ﻓﻰ اﻟﺑﯾت ـ ﻣﺎ‬
‫ﻧﺎم ﻋﻣرو ﻓﻰ اﻟﻠﯾل ـ ﻣﺎ ﺿﺣك ﻓﻼن ﻓﻰ اﻟﻘﻣر ـ ﻣﺎﻗرء زﯾد ﻓﻰ اﻟﺑﯾت ـ ﻣﺎﻧوا ﻓﻰ اﻻﻣس ـ ﺷرﺑوا ﻣن اﻟﻛﺄس ـ ﺟﺎء‬
‫اﻟﻣﻌﻠم ﻣن اﻟﺑﯾت ـ ﻣﺎ وﺻل اﻻﺳﺗﺎذ اﻟﻰ اﻟﻣدرﺳﺔ ـ ﻧﺎﻣت اﻻم ﻓﻰ اﻟﻐرﻓﺔ ـ ﻧﺻر ﺧﺎﻟد ﻓﻰ اﻟﺑﻠد ـ ﻛﺛﯾر اﻟﻣﺎء ﻓﻰ اﻟﺑﺋر ـ‬
‫ﻣﺎطﺎرت اﻟطﯾﺎرة ﻓﻰ اﻟﺳﻣﺎء ـ ﻣﺎﺻﻧﻊ اﻟﻧﺟﺎرون ﻓﻰ اﻟﺑﯾت ـ ﺟﻠس ﻛرﯾم ﻓﻰ اﻟﻐرﻓﺔ ـ ﺟﺎء ﻛرﯾم ﻣن اﻟﺳوق ـ‬
3)evsjv I Aviwe Ki:
Students went to beach. The boys played in the field. We swam in the pond. Father came
from market. Mother cooked in the kitchen. The men worked in the field.
92k cvV
‫( ﺿﻣﺎﺋر اﻟﻣﻔﻌول‬Kg©evPK me©bvg)
‫ اﻟﻰ‬w`‡K ‫ ﻋﻠﻰ‬Dci ‫ ﻓﻰ‬g‡a¨ ‫ ﻣﻊ‬mv‡_ ‫ ﻣن‬n‡Z ‫ ب‬Øviv
‫ﺟﻣﻊ‬ ‫ﺗﺛﻧﯾﺔ‬ ‫واﺣد‬ ‫ﺑﺣث‬
‫ھم‬ ‫ھﻣﺎ‬ ‫ه‬ ‫ﻣذﻛر ﻏﺎﺋب‬
‫ھن‬ ‫ھﻣﺎ‬ ‫ھﺎ‬ ‫ﻣؤﻧث ﻏﺎﺋب‬
‫ﻛم‬ ‫ﻛﻣﺎ‬ ‫ك‬ ‫ﻣذﻛر ﺣﺎﺿر‬
‫ﻛن‬ ‫ﻛﻣﺎ‬ ِ‫ك‬ ‫ﻣؤﻧث ﺣﺎﺿر‬
‫ﻧﺎ‬ ‫ﻧﺎ‬ ‫ى‬ ‫ﻣذﻛر و ﻣؤﻧث ﻣﺗﻛﻠم‬

‫ه‬ ‫ ﺿﻣﺎﺋر اﻟﻣﻔﻌول‬Gi ‫ واﺣد ﻣذﻛرﻏﺎﺋب‬A_v©r Zv‡K GKRb cy:

‫ھﻣﺎ‬ ‫" ﺿﻣﺎﺋر اﻟﻣﻔﻌول‬ ‫" ﺗﺛﻧﯾﺔ ﻣذﻛر ﻏﺎﺋب‬ Zv‡`i‡K 2Rb "
‫ھم‬ ‫" ﺿﻣﺎﺋر اﻟﻣﻔﻌول‬ ‫" ﺟﻣﻊ ﻣذﻛر ﻏﺎﺋب‬ Zv‡`i‡K A‡bK "
‫ھﺎ‬ ‫" ﺿﻣﺎﺋر اﻟﻣﻔﻌول‬ ‫" واﺣد ﻣؤﻧث ﻏﺎﺋب‬ Zv‡K GKRb ¯¿x
‫ھﻣﺎ‬ ‫" ﺿﻣﺎﺋر اﻟﻣﻔﻌول‬ ‫" ﺗﺛﻧﯾﺔ ﻣؤﻧث ﻏﺎﺋب‬ Zv‡`i‡K 2Rb "
‫ھن‬ ‫" ﺿﻣﺎﺋر اﻟﻣﻔﻌول‬ ‫" ﺟﻣﻊ ﻣؤﻧث ﻏﺎﺋب‬ Zv‡`i‡K A‡bK "
 87

‫َك‬ ‫ﺿﻣﺎﺋر اﻟﻣﻔﻌول‬ " ‫واﺣد ﻣذﻛر ﺣﺎﺿر‬ " ‡Zvgv‡K GKRb cy:
‫ﻛﻣﺎ‬ ‫ﺿﻣﺎﺋر اﻟﻣﻔﻌول‬ " ‫ﺗﺛﻧﯾﺔ ﻣذﻛر ﺣﺎﺿر‬ " ‡Zvgv‡`i‡K 2Rb "
‫ﻛم‬ ‫ﺿﻣﺎﺋر اﻟﻣﻔﻌول‬ " ‫ﺟﻣﻊ ﻣذﻛر ﺣﺎﺿر‬ " ‡Zvgv‡`i‡K A‡bK "
ِ‫ك‬ ‫ﺿﻣﺎﺋر اﻟﻣﻔﻌول‬ " ‫واﺣد ﻣؤﻧث ﺣﺎﺿر‬ " ‡Zvgv‡K GKRb ¯¿x
‫ﻛﻣﺎ‬ ‫ﺿﻣﺎﺋر اﻟﻣﻔﻌول‬ " ‫ﺗﺛﻧﯾﺔ ﻣؤﻧث ﺣﺎﺿر‬ " ‡Zvgv‡`i‡K 2Rb "
‫ﻛن‬ ‫ﺿﻣﺎﺋر اﻟﻣﻔﻌول‬ " ‫ﺟﻣﻊ ﻣؤﻧث ﺣﺎﺿر‬ " ‡Zvgv‡`i‡K A‡bK "
‫ى‬ ‫ﺿﻣﺎﺋر اﻟﻣﻔﻌول‬ " ‫واﺣد ﻣذﻛر و ﻣؤﻧث ﻣﺗﻛﻠم‬ " Avgv‡K GKRb cy:¯¿x
‫ﻧﺎ‬ ‫ﺿﻣﺎﺋر اﻟﻣﻔﻌول‬ " ‫ﺗﺛﻧﯾﮫ وﺟﻣﻊ ﻣذﻛروﻣؤﻧث ﻣﺗﻛﻠم‬ " Avgv‡`i‡K 2Rb/A‡bK cy:¯¿x

Zv‡K cy: ‫ه‬ Zv‡`i‡K 2Rb ‫ ھﺎ‬Zv‡`i‡K A‡bK ‫ھن ـ ھم‬

Zv‡K ¯¿x: ‫ھﺎ‬
‡Zvgv‡K ِ‫‡ َك ـ ك‬Zvgv‡`i‡K 2Rb ‫‡ ﻛﻣﺎ‬Zvgv‡`i‡K A‡bK ‫ﻛن ـ ﻛم‬
Avgv‡K ‫ ى‬Avgv‡`i‡K 2Rb ‫ ﻧﺎ‬Avgv‡`i‡K A‡bK ‫ﻧﺎ‬
93k cvV
‫ اﻟﻔﻌﻞ واﻟﻤﻔﻌﻮل اﻟﻤﻀﻤﺮ‬wµqv I me©bvg hy³ Kg©
1) ‫ ﺿﻤﯿﺮ‬hw` ‫ ﻣﻔﻌﻮل‬nq, Z‡e Zv m`v me©`v ‫ ﻓﻌﻞ‬Gi mv‡_ hy³ n‡q _vK‡e|
2) hw` ‫ ﻓﺎﻋﻞ‬I ‫ ﻣﻔﻌﻮل‬Dfq ‫ﺿﻤﯿﺮ‬nq Z‡e ‫ ﻓﺎﻋﻞ‬c` ‫ ﻓﻌﻞ‬Gi mv‡_-Z _vK‡eB| Gi c‡i ‫ ﻣﻔﻌﻮل‬D‡jøwLZ n‡e| h_v:
‫ ﻧﺼﺮﺗﮫ‬Avwg Zv‡K mvnvh¨ K‡iwQ| D`vni‡Y ‫ ﻧﺼﺮ‬kãwU ‫ ﻓﻌﻞ‬Ges ‫ ت‬me©bvgwU ‫ ﻓﺎﻋﻞ‬hv ‫ ﻓﻌﻞ‬Gi mv‡_B wg‡k
i‡q‡Q| Ges ci c‡i ‫ ه‬me©bvg hv ‫ ﻣﻔﻌﻮل‬Zv D‡jøL Kiv n‡q‡Q|
3) Avi hw` ‫ ﻓﺎﻋﻞ‬c` cÖKvk¨ we‡kl¨ Z_v ‫ اﺳﻢ ظﺎھﺮ‬nq, Z‡e ‫ ﻓﻌﻞ‬Gi mv‡_ hy³ n‡q Zvi ‫ ﻣﻔﻌﻮل‬Avm‡e| Ges ‫ﻣﻔﻌﻮل‬
Gi ‫ اﺳﻢ ظﺎھﺮ‬D‡jøwLZ n‡e| h_v: ‫ ﺿﺮب زﯾﺪ‬Zv‡K hv‡q` †g‡i‡Q| D`vni‡Y ‫ ه‬me©bvgwU ‫ ﻣﻔﻌﻮل‬Z_v Kg©evP¨ ‫ﻓﻌﻞ‬
Gi c‡i I ‫ زﯾﺪ‬KZ©vwU ‫ ﻣﻔﻌﻮل‬Gi c‡i D‡jøwLZ n‡q‡Q|
Avwg Zv‡K mvnvh¨ K‡iwQ ‫ ﻧﺼﺮﺗﮫ‬I helped him.
Avwg †Zvgv‡K mvnvh¨ K‡iwQ ‫ ﻧﺼﺮﺗﻚ‬I helped you.
Avwg †Zvgv‡`i‡K mvnvh¨ K‡iwQ ‫ ﻧﺼﺮﺗﻜﻢ‬I helped you.
Zviv †Zvgv‡K †g‡i‡Q ‫ ﺿﺮﺑﻮك‬They beat you.
evjK 2wU Zv‡K †`‡L‡Q ‫ رأه اﻟﻮﻟﺪان‬The two boys saw him.
Zviv Avgv‡K †g‡i‡Q ‫ ﺿﺮﺑﻮﻧﻰ‬They beat me.
Zviv Zv‡K †g‡i‡Q ‫ ﺿﺮﺑﻮه‬They beat him.
Kwig Zv‡K Av‡`k K‡i‡Q ‫ اﻣﺮه ﻛﺮﯾﻢ‬Karim ordered him.
‡Zvgv‡K hv‡q` fz‡j †M‡Q ‫ ﻧﺴﯿﻚ زﯾﺪ‬Jayed forgot you.
56k Abykxjbx
1) Aviwe I Bs‡iwR Ki:
Avwg Bnv‡K wj‡LwQ| †m †Zvgv‡K †`‡L‡Q| †Zvgiv Bnv‡K cvV K‡i‡Q| Avwg †Zvgv‡K †g‡iwQ| Zviv †Zvgv‡K fz‡j
†M‡Q| †Zvgiv Zv‡K enb K‡iQ| †Zvgiv Zv‡`i‡K `vb K‡iQ| †Zvgiv Zv‡`i‡K Rvwb‡qQ| †Zvgiv G‡K ï‡bQ|
Avgiv †Zvgv‡K †c‡qwQ| Zviv Zv‡`i‡K Z¨vM K‡i‡Q| Avgiv †Zvgv‡`i mv‡_ mvÿvr K‡iwQ| Zzwg Zv‡`i‡K ÿgv
K‡iQ| †m ‡Zvgv‡`i‡K PU †g‡i‡Q| Avgiv Zv‡`i‡K AvNvZ K‡iwQ| Zviv Zv‡K N„Yv K‡i‡Q| †Zvgiv Zv‡K jywK‡q
†i‡LQ|
2| evsjv Ki:
‫ﻧﻔﻘﺘﮫ ـ دﻓﻌﮫ زﯾﺪ ـ ﻛﺮھﮫ ﻋﻤﺮو ـ أدرﺗﮫ ـ زرﻋﺘﮫ ـ ﻋﻀﺔ اﻟﻜﻠﺐ ـ ﺑﺎﻋﺔ زﯾﺪ ـ ﺣﺼﻠﺘﮫ ـ ﺣﺒﺴﺘﻤﻮه ـ ﺳﺄﻟﻮه ـ دﻋﻮﺗﻜﻢ ـ‬
‫ﻟﺒﺴﺘﮫ ـ ﺳﺮﻗﺔ ﻋﻤﺮو ـ ﻏﺮﻓﺔ ﻛﺮﯾﻢ ـ ﻏﻔﺮﺗﮫ ـ ﻛﺴﺒﮫ رﻓﯿﻖ ـ ﻏﻔﺮﺗﮫ ـ ﺣﻜﯿﺴﺘﮫ ـ ﻟﻐﯿﮫ زﯾﺪ ـ وﺻﻔﮫ ﻛﺮﯾﻢ ـ اﺧﺬﺗﮫ ـﺤﺒﺴﻮه ـ‬
‫دﻋﻮك ـ ﻟﻤﺴﻮك ـ ﺳﻮاك ـ ﻛﺘﻤﻮه ـ دﻓﻀﺘﻚ ـ ﻛﺮھﺘﻤﻮه ـ ﺷﻤﻤﺘﮫ ـ دﻓﻮه ـ ﺿﺮﺑﺘﻤﻮه ـ ﻧﺴﯿﺘﻤﻮه ـ ﺣﺼﻠﻨﺎه ـ ﺣﻔﻈﺘﮫ ـ ﺳﺄﻟﻨﺎ ـ‬
‫ﻗﺼﺪﺗﻤﻮه ـ ﻗﺼﺪه ﺷﻔﯿﻖ ـ ﺧﺮﺟﻨﺎه ـ ﻟﻄﻤﺘﻤﻮه ـ ﺷﺮوه ـ ﺣﺼﻠﺘﮫ ـ ﻏﺴﻠﺘﻤﻮه ـ‬
 88

3)evsjv I Aviwe Ki:

Students helped me. The boys saw him. The boys beat him. We saw them. They love us.
The man carried it. He wrote it. She met me. I met them. We found him.
94k cvV
‫ اﻟﻔﻌﻞ و اﻟﻤﻔﻌﻮل اﻟﻮاﺣﺪ‬wµqv I GKePb hy³ Kg©
Kwig `iRvwU Ly‡j‡Q ‫ ﻓﺘﺢ ﻛﺮﯾﻢ اﻟﺒﺎب‬Karim opened the door.
kwdK Lv‡j`‡K mvnvh¨ K‡i‡Q ‫ ﻧﺼﺮ ﺷﻔﯿﻖ ﺧﺎﻟﺪا‬Shafik helped Khaled
Zviv Zv‡K fz‡j †M‡Q ‫ ﻧﺴﻮه‬They forget him.
Zviv evNwU‡K nZ¨v K‡i bvB ‫ ﻓﺎﻗﺘﻠﻮا اﻷﺳﺪ‬They didn’t kill the tiger.
‡m eBwU c‡o bvB ‫ ﻣﺎ ﻗﺮأت اﻟﻜﺘﺎب‬He didn’t read the book.
iwng Avgi‡K †g‡i‡Q ‫ ﺿﺮب رﺣﯿﻢ ﻋﻤﺮوا‬Rahim beat Amor
Zzwg eBwU co bvB ‫ ﻣﺎﻗﺮأت اﻟﻜﺘﺎب‬You didn’t read the book.
Avwg hv‡q`‡K wR‡Ám Kwi bvB ‫ ﻣﺎ ﺳﺄﻟﺖ زﯾﺪا‬I didn’t ask Jaued.
Avwg Kwig‡K fzwj bvB ‫ ﻣﺎ ﻧﺴﯿﺖ ﻛﺮﯾﻤﺎ‬I didn’t forget Karim.
Zzwg cÎwU wjL bvB ‫ ﻣﺎ ﻛﺘﺒﺖ اﻟﺮﺳﺎﻟﺔ‬You didn’t write the letter.
57k Abykxjbx
1) Aviwe I Bs‡iwR Ki:
‡Zvgiv Avjøvi cÖksmv K‡iQ| Avwg hv‡q`‡K †g‡iwQ| Zzwg kv‡n`‡K †`‡LQ| †Zvgiv Lv‡j`‡K PU †g‡iQ| †Zvgiv
`iRvwU Ly‡jQ| Avwg UvKvwU DcvR©b K‡iwQ| Avwg hv‡q`‡K †c‡qwQ| Zviv cvVwU cvV K‡i‡Q| Zzwg KjgwU Pzwi
K‡iQ| Zviv NiwU ˆZwi K‡i bvB| †Zvgiv hv‡q`‡K cvIwb| Zzwg cvwb cvb K‡iQ| †Zvgiv `iRvwU Ly‡jQ| †m
nwiYwU wkKiv K‡i‡Q| †Zvgiv kv‡n`‡K †`‡LQ| Zviv KjgwU Pzwi K‡i‡Q| Avwg Kwig‡K Av‡`k K‡iwQ| iwk`
†jvKwU‡K `vb K‡i bvB| mygvBqv ûgvBiv‡K †g‡i‡Q| iv‡k` Avnmvb‡K a‡i‡Q| †Zvgiv hv‡q`‡K †W‡KQ| Kwig
iwng‡K enb K‡iwb| Avgiv wRÁvmv Kwi bvB|Avjøvn Kwig‡K mvnvh¨ K‡i‡Q| ivm~j (m:) †ejvj‡K mvnvh¨
K‡i‡Qb|
2) niKZ w`‡q evsjv Ki:
‫ﺿﺮﺑﺖ زﯾﺪا ـ رأﯾﺖ ﺷﺎھﺪا ـ راى زﯾﺪ اﻟﺮﺟﻞ ـ وﻓﻘﻮا رﺣﯿﻤﺎ ـ ﻛﺴﺒﺖ اﻟﺮوﺑﯿﺔ ـ ﻓﺘﺤﻨﺎ اﻟﺒﺎب ـ ﻓﺘﺤﺘﻢ اﻟﺒﺎب ـ ﺻﻨﻌﻮا اﻟﺒﯿﺖ‬
‫ـ ﺿﻊ اﻟﺒﺨﺎرون اﻟﻤﺴﺠﺪ ـ ﻛﺘﺒﺘﻢ رﺳﺎﻟﺔ ـ ﺷﺮﯾﻌﺖ اﻟﻘﻠﻢ ـ ﻗﺮأﺗﻢ اﻟﻜﺘﺎب ـ ﻣﺎﻓﺘﺤﻮا اﻟﻤﺴﺠﺪ ـ ﻣﺎﺳﻤﻌﺖ ﺷﯿﺌﺎ ـ ﻣﺎ وﺟﺪﺗﻢ ﺧﺎﻟﺪا‬
‫ـ ﻣﺎﻛﺘﺒﻮا رﺳﺎﻟﺔ ـ ﻣﺎوھﺒﺘﻢ ﺷﻔﯿﻘﺎ ـ ﻣﺎرأﯾﺖ اﻟﺸﻤﺲ ـ ﻣﺎﻓﺘﺤﻮا اﻟﺒﺎب ـ ﻧﺴﯿﺘﻤﻮﻧﻰ ـ زرع رﺣﯿﻢ اﻻرض ـ ﺗﺮﻛﺖ ﻛﺮﯾﻤﺎ ـ‬
‫دﻓﻊ اﻟﺮوﺑﯿﺔ ـ ﺧﻠﻖ ﷲ اﻻﻧﺴﺎن ـ ﻓﺘﺢ اﻟﺮﺳﻮل ﻣﻜﺔ ـ ﺑﺪأ ﻛﺮﯾﻢ اﻟﺪراﺳﺔ ـ ﻣﺎرﺋﻮﻧﻰ ـ ﺿﺮﺑﺎ اﻟﺴﺎرق ـ ﺷﺘﻤﺘﻢ اﻟﺮﺟﻞ ـ رﺋﯿﺖ‬
‫طﯿﺎرة ـ ﻛﺴﺒﺖ ﻛﺮﯾﻢ اﻟﺮوﺑﯿﺔ ـ‬
3)evsjv I Aviwe Ki:
Students learnt their lesson. The boys helped the old man. We fouond the baby. The man
hunted the deer. The girl wrote a letter. The boys played cricket. Mother closed the door.
95k cvV
‫ اﻟﻔﻌﻞ واﻟﻤﻔﻌﻮل اﻟﻤﺜﻨﻰ‬wµqv I wØePb hy³ Kg©
‫ ﻣﻔﻌﻮل‬hw` ‫ ﺗﺜﻨﯿﺔ‬Z_v wØePb nq, Z‡e ‫ ﺗﺜﻨﯿﺔ‬Gi wPý‫ إن‬Gi cwie‡Z© ‫ ﯾﻦ‬n‡e| h_v: ‫ رﺋﯿﺖ اﻟﺮﺟﻠﯿﻦ‬Avwg †jvK 2wU‡K
†`‡LwQ| D`vniY ‫ اﻟﺮﺟﻠﯿﻦ‬kãwU wØePb hv ‫ ﻣﻔﻌﻮل‬n‡q‡Q| weavq ‫ ﯾﻦ‬mnKv‡i n‡q‡Q|
Zzwg `iRv 2wU Ly‡jQ ‫ﻓﺘﺤﺖ اﻟﺒﺎب‬ You opened the door.
‡Zvgiv cy¯ÍK 2wU c‡oQ ‫ﻗﺮأﺗﻢ اﻟﻜﺘﺎﺑﯿﻦ‬ You read the two books.
Avgiv †jvK 2wU‡K †g‡iwQ ‫ﺿﺮﺑﻨﺎ اﻟﺮﺟﻠﯿﻦ‬ We beat the two man.
Avwg 2Rb hv‡q`‡K †`‡LwQ ‫رﺋﯿﺖ اﻟﺰﯾﺪان‬ I saw two Jayeds.
‡Zvgiv Ni 2wU ˆZwi K‡iwQ ‫ﺻﻨﻌﺘﻢ اﻟﺒﯿﺘﯿﻦ‬ You built the two houses.
†Zvgiv 2wU Kjg µq K‡iQ ‫ﺷﺮﯾﺘﻢ اﻟﻘﻠﻤﯿﻦ‬ You bought the two pens.
Zviv evjK 2wU‡K †g‡iQ ‫ﺿﺮﺑﻮا اﻟﻮﻟﺪان‬ They beat the two boys.
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Avwg cÎ 2wU wj‡LwQ ‫ﻛﺘﺒﺖ اﻟﺮﺳﺎﻟﺘﯿﻦ‬ I wrote the two letter.

Avwg UvKv 2wU DcvR©b K‡iwQ ‫ﻛﺴﺒﺖ اﻟﺮوﺑﯿﺘﯿﻦ‬ I earned two taka.
Kwig †jvK 2wU‡K ‡`‡L‡Q ‫ رأى ﻛﺮﯾﻢ اﻟﺮﺟﻠﯿﻦ‬Karim saw the two men.
58k Abykxjbx
1) Aviwe I Bs‡iwR Ki:
Avwg evjK 2wU‡K †g‡iwQ| Zviv Kb¨v 2wU‡K mvnvh¨ K‡i‡Q| †Zvgiv Ni 2wU ˆZwi Ki bvB| hvB` †Q‡j 2wU‡K
nZ¨v K‡i‡Q| ˆmb¨ †g‡i †jvK 2wU‡K ew›` K‡i‡Q| Zviv 2Rb hv‡q`‡K µq K‡i‡Q| Kvco 2wU Zviv cwiavb
K‡i‡Q| Pz‡ii Miæ 2wU Pzwi K‡i‡Q| QvÎiv cy¯ÍK 2wU c‡o‡Q| QvÎiv AvqvZ 2wU gyL¯’ K‡i‡Q| Avgiv †jvK 2wU‡K
†`‡LwQ| Zviv 2Rb Mí 2wU eY©bv K‡i‡Q| Kwig 2wU kni Z¨vM K‡i‡Q| Avwg Kjg 2wU wK‡bwQ| Zviv (¯¿x) Møvm
2wU †f‡½‡Q|
2) niKZ w`‡q evsjv Ki:
‫رﺿﯿﺖ اﻟﻮاﻟﺪﯾﻦ ـ ﺳﻤﻌﺖ اﻟﺮﺟﻠﯿﻦ ـ وھﺒﺖ اﻟﻜﺘﺎﺑﯿﻦ ـ ﺿﺮﺑﺖ اﻟﺴﺎرﻗﯿﻦ ـ ﻗﺼﺪوا اﻟﺒﻠﺪﯾﻦ ـ ﻛﺴﺒﻦ اﻟﺮوﺑﯿﺘﯿﻦ ـ ﺑﻐﻮ اﻟﺜﻮران‬
‫ـ ﺟﺮﺣﺘﻢ اﻟﻌﺪدﯾﻦ ـ ﻟﻄﻤﺘﻢ اﻟﺨﺎﻟﺪﯾﻦ ـ ﻓﺘﺤﻮا اﻟﺒﺎﺑﯿﻦ ـ ﻗﺮﺋﻮا اﻟﺤﺪﯾﺜﯿﻦ ـ ذرﻋﺘﻢ اﻷرﺿﯿﻦ ـ ﺣﺼﻠﻮا اﻟﺮوﺑﯿﺘﯿﻦ ـ ﺑﺎﻋﻮا‬
‫اﻟﻘﻠﻤﯿﻦ ـ ﻓﻘﺪوا اﻟﻜﺮاﺳﺘﯿﻦ ـ ﺳﺄﻟﺘﺎه ـ ﻛﺘﻤﺘﻤﻮه ـ رﻓﻀﺘﻤﻮه ـ أﻣﺮﺗﻤﻮه ـ ﺗﺮﻛﻮا اﻟﺮﺟﻠﯿﻦ ـ ﺻﻨﻌﻮا اﻟﻜﻮﻓﯿﻦ ـ ﺣﻤﻠﻮا اﻟﺠﻨﺎزﺗﯿﻦ‬
‫ـ ﺣﻀﺮوا اﻟﺒﺌﺮﯾﻦ ـ ﻧﺴﻮا اﻷﺑﻮﯾﻦ ـ أﺧﺬواھﻤﺎ ـ ﻗﻠﺖ ﻛﻼﻣﯿﻦ ـ ﺷﺮﺑﺖ ﻛﺎﺳﺌﯿﻦ ـ رﻓﺲ زﯾﺪ اﻟﺮﺟﻠﯿﻦ ـ ﻟﻘﯿﺖ اﻟﻤﺠﻨﻮﻧﯿﻦ ـ‬
‫دﻓﻌﻦ اﻟﺮؤﺑﯿﺘﯿﻦ ـ ﺛﻤﻮا اﻟﺰھﺮﯾﻦ ـ‬
3)evsjv I Aviwe Ki:
Students helped the two men. We saw two boys. They caught two thieves. The man
bought two shirts. The farmer sold two cows. The boy ate two mangoes.
96k cvV
‫ اﻟﻔﻌﻞ واﻟﻤﻔﻌﻮل اﻟﺠﻤﻮع‬wµqv I eûePb hy³ Kg©
1) ‫ ﻣﻔﻌﻮل‬hw` ‫ ﺟﻤﻊ ﻣﻜﺴﺮ‬nq, Z‡e hei n‡e|
2) ‫ ﻣﻔﻌﻮل‬hw` ‫ ﺟﻤﻊ ﻣﺬﻛﺮ ﺳﺎﻟﻢ‬nq, Z‡e ‫ ون‬Gi cwie‡Z© ‫ ﯾﻦ‬n‡e|
3) ‫ ﻣﻔﻌﻮل‬hw` ‫ ﺟﻤﻊ ﻣﺆﻧﺚ ﺳﺎﻟﻢ‬nq, Z‡e ‫ ﺟﻤﻊ ﻣﺆﻧﺚ‬Gi wPý‫ أت‬Gi bx‡P ‫ ﺗﺎء‬Gi bx‡P †Ri n‡e|
A‡bK †jvK‡K Zviv †`‡L‡Q| ‫ رﺋﻮا رﺟﺎﻻ‬They saw many men.
Zviv eÜz‡`i‡K fz‡j †M‡Q ‫ ﻧﺴﻮا اﻻﺣﺒﺎب‬They forgot their friends
‡Zvgiv (¯¿x) igYx‡`i‡K `vb K‡i‡Q ‫ ﻛﺮﻣﻦ اﻟﻨﺴﺎء‬You offered the women
Kwig `wR©‡`i‡K †g‡i‡Q ‫ ﺿﺮب ﻛﺮﯾﻢ اﻟﺨﯿﺎطﯿﻦ‬Karim beat the tailors
Zviv A‡bK hv‡q`‡K mvnvh¨ K‡i‡Q ‫ ﻧﺼﺮوا اﻟﺰﯾﺪﯾﻦ‬They helped many Jayeds
‡Zvgiv evjK ¸wj‡K †g‡i‡Q ‫ ﺿﺮﺑﺘﻢ اﻻوﻻد‬You beat the boys
hv‡q` wcoxZ‡`i‡K mvnvh¨ K‡i‡Q ‫ ﻧﺼﺮ زﯾﺪ اﻟﻤﺮﺿﻰ‬Jayed helped the sick.
Zviv wkÿK‡`i‡K enb K‡i‡Q ‫ ﺣﻤﻠﻮا اﻟﻤﻌﻠﻤﯿﻦ‬They carried the teachers.
KzKzi A‡bK wjLK‡K Kvgwo‡q‡Q ‫ ﻋﺾ اﻟﻜﻠﺐ ﻛﺎﺗﺒﯿﻦ‬The dog bit many writers.
‫ ﻣﻔﻌﻮل‬hw` ‫ ﺟﻤﻊ ﻣﺆﻧﺚ ﺳﺎﻟﻢ‬nq, Z‡e ‫ ات‬Gi ‫ ﺗﺎء‬Gi bx‡P †R¡i n‡e| h_v:
A‡bK gyiMx Avwg µq K‡iwQ ‫ ﺷﺮﯾﺖ دﺟﺎﺟﺎت‬I bought many chickens
A‡bK UvKv DcvR©b K‡iwQ ‫ ﺷﺮﯾﺖ روﺑﯿﺎت‬I earned much taka
Qvθwj‡K Po †g‡iwQ ‫ ﻟﻄﻤﺖ اﻟﻄﺎﻟﺒﺎت‬I slapped the boy
wkÿqÎxMb‡K Avwg †`‡LwQ ‫ رﺋﯿﺖ اﻟﻤﻌﻠﻤﺎت‬I saw the teachers
59k Abykxjbx
1) Aviwe I Bs‡iwR Ki:
Avgiv A‡bK †jvK †`‡LwQ| Zviv A‡bK cvwL wkKvi K‡i‡Q| Avwg A‡bK ˆmb¨ †`‡LwQ| Zviv A‡bK cÎ wj‡L‡Q|
kv‡n` A‡bK cÎ wj‡L‡Q| Avwg A‡bK cy¯ÍK c‡owQ| Avwg A‡bK cvwL wkKvi K‡iwQ| Avwg A‡bK †`vKvb
†`‡LwQ| Avgiv cvnviv`vi‡`i‡K mvnvh¨ K‡iwQ| †Zvgiv K…lK‡`i‡K †g‡i‡Q| wPÎKi‡`i‡K †Zvgiv †`‡LQ| Avgiv
wfÿzK‡`i‡K wRÁvmv K‡iwQ| Zviv (¯¿x) cvnviv‡`i‡K mvnvh¨ K‡iwQ| wkÿK QvÎx‡`i‡K ‡g‡i‡Q| hvB`
evwjKv‡`i‡K ‡c‡q‡Q| Avwg A‡bK gv‡K †`‡LwQ| Zviv Ab‡K †g‡q Wv³vi‡K †c‡qwQ| †Zvgiv A‡bK †mweKv
 90

†c‡qQ| †dwiIqvjviv evRv‡i †M‡Q| Øviv iÿKMY N‡i cÖ‡ek Kwiqv‡Q| †R‡jiv grm wkKvi K‡i‡Q| Avwg A‡bK
gyiMx †`‡LwQ| Zviv A‡bK LvZv µq K‡i‡Q| Avgiv A‡bK QvZv weµq K‡iwQ| A‡bK UvKv †`‡LwQ| A‡bK Kjg
µq K‡iwQ| Zviv eû wfÿzK ‡`‡L‡Q|
2) niKZ w`‡q evsjv Ki:
‫وﺟﺪت اﻟﻨﺴﺎء ـ رﺋﯿﺖ اﻟﺮﺟﺎل ـ ﻧﺼﺮت اﻟﻤﮭﻨﺪﺳﯿﻦ ـ وﺟﺪت اﻟﺒﻨﺎﻧﯿﻦ ـ ﻓﺘﺤﺖ اﻻﺑﻮاب ـ رﺋﯿﺖ اﻻﻓﯿﺎل ـ ﺧﺮﺑﺖ اﻟﻀﻤﺎﺋﺮ ـ‬
‫ﺷﺮﺑﺖ اﻟﻤﯿﺎه ـ ﺳﻤﻌﺖ اﻟﻜﺎﺗﺒﯿﻦ ـ ﺣﻀﺮوا اﻟﺒﺌﺮ ـ ﺣﻔﻆ اﻟﻮﻟﺪ اﻟﻘﺮآن ـ ﺳﻤﻊ اﻟﻨﺎس اﻟﺤﺪﯾﺚ ـ ﺳﺄﻟﺖ اﻟﻤﺮأة ـ ﻛﺴﺒﺖ‬
‫اﻟﺮوﺑﯿﺎت ـ رﻓﻀﺖ اﻟﻜﻼم ـ ﻟﺼﻖ اﻟﻮﻟﺪ ـ ﻓﺸﻞ اﻟﻄﻼب ـ رﻓﻌﺖ اﻟﻄﺎﻟﺒﺎت ـ ﻧﺎم اﻟﺮﺟﺎل ـ ذھﺐ اﻟﺬاھﺒﻮن ـ ﻧﺼﺮ‬
‫اﻟﺼﺎدﻗﻮن ـ وﺟﺪت اﻟﺒﻮارﻣﯿﻦ ـ وﺻﻠﺖ طﺎﻟﺒﺎت ـ ﺟﺎﺋﺖ اﻟﺒﻨﺎت ـ ذھﺒﻮا اﻟﻰ اﻟﺒﯿﺖ ـ ﻋﺾ اﻟﻜﻠﺐ اﻟﻮﻟﺪ ـ ﺳﺄﻟﺖ اﻟﻤﺮأة ـ‬
‫ﺟﻠﺴﺖ ﻋﻠﻰ اﻟﻜﺮﺳﻰ ـ ﻛﺘﺒﺖ اﻟﺮﺳﺎﺋﻞ ـ ﻟﻄﻤﺘﻢ اﻟﻮاﯾﺘﻨﺎت ـ رﺋﯿﺖ طﯿﺎرات ـ ﺳﻤﻌﺖ اﻻﻣﮭﺎت ـ‬
3)evsjv I Aviwe Ki:
Students learnt their lessons. We saw many people. They helped the beggars. The teachers
beat the students. We met our friends. The girls ate many apples. The boy lost his pens.
97k cvV
Avwg N‡i fvZ †L‡qwQ ‫اﻟﻛت اﻟرز ﻓﻰ اﻟﺑﯾت‬ I ate my meal at home.
Zviv hv‡q`‡K evRv‡i †`‡L‡Q ‫زﺋوا زﯾدا ﻓﻰ اﻟﺳوق‬ They saw Jayed in the market.
Avwg evjKwU‡K c‡_ †c‡qwQ ‫وﺟدت اﻟوﻟد ﻓﻰ اﻟطرﯾق‬ I saw the boy on the way.
‡Zvgv‡`i‡K Avwg gmwR‡` †`‡LwQ ‫رﺋﯾﺗﻛم ﻓﻰ اﻟﻣﺳﺟد‬ I saw you in the masjid.
Zviv A‡bK cvwL R½‡j wkKvi K‡i‡Q ‫ﺻﺎدوا طﯾورا ﻓﻰ اﻟﻐﺎﺑﺔ‬ They hunted many birds in the jungle
Zvi wbKU Avwg A‡bK UvKv †`‡LwQ ‫رﺋﯾت روﺑﯾﺎت ﻋﻧده‬ I saw much taka with him
Avwg †`vKv‡b A‡bK QvZv weµq K‡iwQ ‫ﺑﻌت ﺷﻣﺳﯾﺎن ﻓﻰ اﻟدﻛﺎن‬ I sold many umbrellas in the shop.
Zvi wbKU A‡bK eÜz G‡m‡Q ‫ﺟﺎء اﻟﯾﮫ أﺣﺑﺎب‬ Many friends came to him
Zv‡K Avgiv evRv‡i †`‡LwQ :‫رﺋﯾﻧﺎه ﻓﻰ اﻟﺳوق‬ We saw him in the market.
Avgiv A‡bK †jvK gmwR‡` †`‡LwQ ‫رﺋﯾﻧﺎ اﻧﺎﺳﺎ ﻓﻰ اﻟﻣﺳﺟد‬ I saw many people in the masjid.
60k Abywkjbx
1) Aviwe I Bs‡iwR Ki:
Zviv hv‡q`‡K evRv‡i mvnvh¨ K‡i‡Q| †Zvgiv Avgv‡K †g‡iQ| Avwg Zv‡K N„Yv K‡iwQ| †Zvgiv Bnv AR©b K‡iQ|
†Kb †Zvgiv evRv‡i †MQ? Avwg †g‡q‡`i‡K N‡i †c‡qwQ| Avgiv †jvK‡`i‡K gv‡V †`‡LwQ| Zviv `vKv‡b A‡bK
Kjg µq K‡i‡Q| †Q‡jiv KziAvb gyL¯’ K‡i‡Q| Avwg evwo‡Z cθwj wj‡LwQ| †Zvgiv N‡i †MQ| Avgiv K¬v‡m
Qv·`i‡K mvnvh¨ K‡iwQ| Kwig iwng‡K mvnvh¨ K‡i‡Q| KzKzi 2wU †Q‡jwU‡K †K‡U‡Q| Kwig K¬v‡m hvqwb| Zviv
Kvgivq Nywg‡q‡Q| Avgiv K¬v‡m c‡owQ| †Pvi‡K Zviv †g‡i‡Q| †Zvgiv evox‡Z Miæ R‡en K‡iQ| †R‡jiv mgy‡`ª
grm¨ wkKvi K‡i‡Q| Zviv †NvovwU evRv‡i weµq K‡i‡Q| hv‡q` I Kwig Zv‡`i‡K c‡_ †g‡i‡Q|
2) evsjv Ki:
‫ذھﺒﻮا إﻟﻰ اﻟﺒﯿﺖ ـ ﻣﺎﻓﺘﺤﻮا اﻟﺒﺎب ـ ﻣﺎﻟﻄﻤﻮا ﺧﺎﻟﺪا ـ ﻣﺎﺻﻨﻌﻮا اﻟﺒﯿﺖ ـ وﺿﻌﺖ اﻟﻜﺘﺎب ـ رﺋﯿﺖ اﻟﺮﺟﻠﯿﻦ ـ ﻓﺘﺤﺖ اﻟﺒﺎﺑﯿﻦ ـ‬
‫ﺣﺎر ﻛﺮﯾﻢ اﻟﻐﺰاﻟﯿﻦ ـ طﺎﻟﻊ اﻟﻘﻤﺮان ـ ﺑﺎع اﻟﺰﯾﺪان ـ ﺟﺮﺣﺘﻢ اﻟﺰﯾﺪﯾﻦ ـ درﺳﺖ اﻟﻜﺘﺎب ﻓﻰ اﻟﺒﯿﺖ ـ ﻓﺘﺤﺖ اﻟﺒﺎﺑﯿﻦ ـ وﺟﺪﻧﺎ‬
‫اﻟﺮﺟﻠﯿﻦ ﻓﻰ اﻟﻤﺴﺠﺪ ـ ﻏﺴﻠﺖ ﯾﺪى ﻓﻰ اﻟﺒﺌﺮ ـ اﺧﺬت اﻟﻘﻠﻢ ﻣﻦ زﯾﺪ ـ ﺟﻠﺴﺖ ﻓﻰ اﻟﺒﯿﺖ ـ ﻣﺎذھﺒﺖ ﻓﺎطﻤﺔ إﻟﻰ اﻟﻤﺪرﺳﺔ ـ‬
‫زرﻋﻮا اﻻرض ـ ﻟﻔﻘﺖ اﻟﺜﻮرﯾﻦ ﻓﻰ اﻟﺪﻛﺎن ـ ﻗﺮأت اﻟﻘﺮآن ﻓﻰ اﻟﻤﺴﺠﺪ ـ ﻗﺮأت اﻟﺤﺪﯾﺚ ﻓﻰ اﻟﺼﻒ ـ ﻧﺴﯿﺖ اﻷﯾﺔ ـ ﻧﺴﯿﺖ‬
‫اﻻﯾﺘﯿﻦ ـ ﻧﺴﯿﻦ اﻟﺤﺪﯾﺚ ـ ﺿﺤﻚ زﯾﺪ ـ ﺳﻤﻌﺖ اﻟﻘﺮآن ﻓﻰ اﻟﻔﻀﻞ ـ ﻟﻘﯿﺖ زﯾﺪا ﻓﻰ اﻟﺴﻮق ـ ﺣﻜﯿﺖ اﻟﻘﺼﺔ ﻓﻰ اﻟﻠﯿﻞ ـ ﺷﻢ‬
‫زﯾﺪ اﻟﻄﻌﺎم ـ ﻟﺒﺲ زﯾﺪ اﻟﺜﻮرﯾﻦ ـ ﻏﺴﻞ ﻛﺮﯾﻢ اﻟﺜﯿﺎب ـ ﺣﺼﻠﺖ اﻟﺠﺎﺋﺰة ـ ﻓﺴﻞ زﯾﺪ ـ ﻣﺮج اﻟﺮﺟﻞ اﻟﺴﺎرق ـ‬
3)evsjv I Aviwe Ki:
We found the baby on the way. They caught the thief outside the house. The teacher
taught the students in the classroom. The farmer sold his cows in the market.
 91

98k cvV
D‡jøL¨ †h ‫ ﻣﻀﺎف‬c` ‫ ﻓﺎﻋﻞ‬I ‫ ﻣﻔﻌﻮل‬n‡Z cv‡i|
D‡jøL¨ †h, ‫ ﻣﻮﺻﻮف‬c` ‫ ﻓﺎﻋﻞ‬I ‫ ﻣﻔﻌﻮل‬n‡Z n‡e|
‫ ﻣﻀﺎف‬c` ‫ ﻓﺎﻋﻞ‬h_v:
hv‡q‡`i eÜy G‡m‡Q ‫ﺟﺎء ﺻﺪﯾﻖ زﯾﺪ‬ Jayed’s friend came.
Kwi‡gi wcZv †M‡Qb ‫ذھﺐ واﻟﺪ ﻛﺮﯾﻢ‬ Karim’s father went.
iwn‡gi gvZv gviv †M‡Qb ‫ﻣﺎت ام رﺣﯿﻢ‬ Rahim’s mother died.
kv‡n‡`i fwMœ c‡o‡Q ‫ﻗﺮأت اﺧﺖ ﺷﺎھﺪ‬ Shahed’s sister read.

‫ ﻣﻀﺎف‬c` ‫ ﻣﻔﻌﻮل‬h_v:
Avwg Avjøvni ivm~j (m:) †`‡LwQ
‡Zvgiv Mv‡Qi dj †L‡qQ
Zviv eÜzi cÎ c‡o‡Q
Kwig mgy‡`ªi Zi½ †`‡L‡Q
‫رﺋﯿﺖ رﺳﻮل ﷲ ﺻـ‬ I saw the prophet (sm) of Allah.
‫اﻟﻜﺘﻢ ﺛﻤﺮ اﻟﺸﺠﺮة‬ You ate the fruits of tree.
‫ﻗﺮوا رﺳﺎﻟﺔ اﻟﺼﺪﯾﻖ‬ They read the letter of friend.
‫رأى ﻛﺮﯾﻢ ﻣﻮج اﻟﺒﺤﺮ‬ Karim saw the wave of the sea

‫ ﻣﻮﺻﻮف‬c` ‫ ﻓﺎﻋﻞ‬h_v:
fvj evjK `yÕwU c‡o‡Q
j¤^v †jvKwU gviv †M‡Q
cyivZb cy¯ÍK¸wj nvwi‡q †M‡Q
Avwg my›`i Kb¨vwU †`‡LwQ
‫ﻗﺮﺋﺎ اﻟﻮﻟﺪان اﻟﺼﺎﻟﺤﺎن‬ The two good boys read.
‫ﻣﺎت اﻟﺮﺟﻞ اﻟﻄﻮﯾﻞ‬ The tall man died
‫ﻓﻘﺪت اﻟﻜﺘﺐ اﻟﻘﺪﯾﻤﺔ‬ The old books were lost.
‫رﺋﯿﺖ اﻟﺒﻨﺖ اﻟﺠﻤﯿﻠﺔ‬ I saw the pretty girl.

‫ ﻣﻮﺻﻮف‬hw` ‫ ﻣﻔﻌﻮل‬nq, h_v:

Avwg my›`i KvcowU µq K‡iwQ ‫ﺷﺮﯾﺖ اﻟﺜﻮب اﻟﺠﺪﯾﺪ‬ I bought the nice cloth.
Avwg wgwó Avg †L‡qwQ ‫اﻛﻠﺖ اﻣﺒﺠﺎ ﻟﺬﯾﺬا‬ I ate sweet mangoes.
Avwg ‡cUzK evjK 2wU‡K †g‡iwQ ‫ﺿﺮﺑﺖ اﻟﻮﻟﺪﯾﻦ اﻟﺒﻄﻨﯿﻦ‬ I beat the fat boys.
Avwg eb¨ cï¸wj †`‡LwQ ‫رﺋﯿﺖ اﻟﺤﯿﻮاﻧﺎت اﻟﻮﺣﺸﯿﺔ‬ I saw the wild animals.
61k Abywkjbx
1) Aviwe I Bs‡iwR Ki:
Avgvi wbKU `yÕRb †jvK G‡m‡Q| Kwi‡gi kÎæ G‡m‡Q| Avjøvni ivmyj (m:) e‡j‡Qb| ivmyj (m:) Gi `yÕRb mnPi
gviv †M‡Qb| Lv‡j‡`i `yÕeÜz Dcw¯’Z n‡q‡Q| †Zvgvi wcZv‡K Avwg †`‡LwQ| kv‡n‡`i cy¯ÍKwU Avwg c‡owQ| eÜzi
cy¯ÍK `yÕwU µq K‡iwQ| Avwg hv‡q‡`i Dcb¨vm c‡owQ| Avwg GKwU my›`i cy¯ÍK †c‡qwQ| †m GKwU g~j¨evb Nwo µq
K‡i‡Qb| Kwig GKwU jvj Kvco µq K‡i‡Q| Zviv Mig cvwb cvb K‡i‡Q| Avwg A‡bK ¸wj cy¯ÍK c‡owQ| Zvi
wcZvgvZv e‡j‡Q| Zviv †Zvgvi eÜz‡K nZ¨v K‡i‡Q| Zviv cweÎ KziAvb cvV K‡i bvB| Lv‡j‡`i gvZv XvKvq
G‡m‡Q| Kwi‡gi eÜz evRv‡i †M‡Q| evjKwU e¨vNª‡K nZ¨v K‡i‡Q| Avwg †Zvgvi gvZv‡K †`‡LwQ| weovj Bu`yi
K‡i‡Q|
2) evsjv Ki:
‫ﺟﺎءﻧﻰ أوﻻده ـ وﺻﻠﻮا إﻟﻰ اﻟﻤﺪﯾﻨﺔ اﻟﻤﻨﻮرة ـ ﺣﺠﻮا ﺑﯿﺖ ﷲ اﻟﺤﺮام ـ ذھﺒﺖ إﻟﻰ ﺑﯿﺖ ﻓﻼن ـ اﻛﻠﻮا ﻣﻦ رزﻗﮫ ـ رﺳﻢ‬
‫اﻻوﻻد ﺻﻮرة اﻟﻤﺮﺟﻞ ـ طﺎرت اﻟﻄﯿﻮر ـ ھﺒﺖ اﻟﺮﯾﺢ ـ ﻛﺘﺒﺖ اﻟﺒﻨﺖ اﻟﺠﻤﯿﻠﺔ ـ اﺧﺬت ﻣﺒﺰھﺮ ﺟﻤﯿﻞ ـ ذھﺐ اﻻوﻻد‬
‫اﻟﺼﺎﻟﺤﻮن ـ رﺋﯿﺖ ﺻﺎوﯾﺎ ـ ﻗﺮاء اﻻﯾﺴﺎﺋﯿﻮن اﻟﻜﺘﺎب اﻟﻤﻘﺪس ـ ﺷﺮﺑﺖ ﻣﺎء ﺑﺎردا ـ درﺳﺖ ﻛﺘﺎب ﷲ ـ ﻗﺮاء اﻟﮭﻨﺪ و ﻛﯿﻮن ـ‬
‫اﻟﺮاﻣﺎﯾﻦ ـ ﻓﻘﺪﻧﺎ اﻟﺤﺎﺗﻢ ـ ﺷﺮﺑﺖ ﻛﺘﺎﺑﺎ ﺟﯿﺪا ـ ﻟﻌﺐ اﻻوﻻد ﻓﻰ اﻟﺤﻘﻞ ـ ﻛﺘﺒﺖ اﻟﯿﻮم رﺳﺎﻟﺘﻰ ـ ﻣﺎﻓﺰت ﻓﻰ اﻻﺧﺒﺎر ـ ﻗﺮﺋﻮا‬
‫ﺟﺮﯾﺪة ﯾﻮﻣﯿﺔ ـ ﺑﺎﻓﺖ اﻟﺪﺟﺎﺟﺔ ـ ھﺒﺖ اﻟﺮﯾﺢ اﻟﺸﺪﯾﺪة ـ ھﺬا اﻷﺳﺪ ﻓﻰ اﻟﻐﺎﺑﺔ ـ ﻣﺎﻟﻌﺐ اﻷوﻻد ﻛﺮة اﻟﻘﺪم ـ ﺷﺮﺑﺖ اﻟﻠﺒﻦ‬
‫اﻟﺨﺎﻟﺺ ـ‬
3)evsjv I Aviwe Ki:
The cousin of Karim came. The enemy of prophet suffered. We helped the beggar of the
village. They met the friend of Rahim. Two good students came. I met an honest man.
She ate two ripe mangoes.
 92

99k cvV
‫ ﻓﻌﻞ‬I ‫ ﻓﺎﻋﻞ‬Gi Av‡iv wKQz ÁvZe¨ welq:
1) ‫ ﻓﺎﻋﻞ‬hw` ‫ ﺟﻤﻊ ﻣﻜﺴﺮ‬nq n‡e ‫† ﻓﻌﻞ‬K ‫ ﻣﺬﻛﺮ‬I ‫ ﻣﺆﻧﺚ‬Dfq e¨envi Kiv †h‡Z cv‡i| D‡jøL¨ †h ‫ ﺟﻤﻊ ﻣﻜﺴﺮ‬wZb
cÖKvi| h_v: (1) ‫ ﺟﻤﻊ ﻣﻜﺴﺮ ﻋﺎﻗﻞ‬gbyl¨ evPK AwbqwgZ eûePb cyswj½ h_v: ‫ ذھﺐ اﻟﺮﺟﺎل‬ev ‫† ذھﺒﺖ اﻟﺮﺟﺎل‬jvK¸wj
P‡j †M‡Q| (2) ‫ ﺟﻤﻊ ﻣﻜﺴﺮ ﻣﺆﻧﺚ ﻋﺎﻗﻞ‬: gbyl¨evPK AwbqwgZ eûePb ¯¿xwj½| h_v: ‫ ﺟﺎء اﻟﻨﺴﻮة‬ev ‫¿¯ ﺟﺎﺋﺖ اﻟﻨﺴﻮة‬x
†jvK¸wj G‡m‡Q| (3) ‫ﺟﻤﻊ ﻣﻜﺴﺮ ﻏﯿﺮ ﻋﺎﻗﻞ‬: Agvbyl¨evPK AwbqwgZ eûePb| h_v: ‫ ﻣﻀﻰ اﻻزﻣﺎن‬ev ‫ﻣﻀﺖ اﻻزﻣﺎن‬
mgq mg~n AZxZ n‡q †M‡Q|
2) ‫ ﻓﺎﻋﻞ‬hw` ‫ ﺟﻤﻊ ﻣﻜﺴﺮ ﻋﺎﻗﻞ‬Gi me©bvg nq, Z‡e ‫† ﻓﻌﻞ‬K ‫ واﺣﺪ ﻣﺆﻧﺚ‬wKsev wj½ †f‡` ‫ ﺟﻤﻊ‬Avb‡Z n‡e| h_v:
K) ‫ ﺟﻤﻊ ﻣﻜﺴﺮ ﻣﺬﻛﺮ ﻋﺎﻗﻞ‬h_v: ‫† اﻟﺮﺟﺎل ذھﺒﻮا ـ اﻟﺮﺟﺎل ذھﺒﺖ‬jvKRb P‡j †M‡Q|
L) ‫ ﺟﻤﻊ ﻣﻜﺴﺮ ﻣﺆﻧﺚ ﻋﺎﻗﻞ‬h_v: ‫¿¯ اﻟﻨﺴﻮة ﺟﺌﻦ ـ اﻟﻨﺴﻮة ﺟﺎﺋﺖ‬x‡jvK¸wj G‡m‡Q|
3) ‫ ﻓﺎﻋﻞ‬hw` ‫ ﺟﻤﻊ ﻣﻜﺴﺮ ﻏﯿﺮ ﻋﺎﻗﻞ‬Gi me©bvg nq, Z‡e ‫† ﻋﻘﻞ‬K ïaygvÎ ‫ واﺣﺪ ﻣﺆﻧﺚ‬Avb‡Z n‡e| h_v: ‫اﻻزﻣﺎن‬
‫ ﻣﻀﺖ‬mgq mgyn P‡j †M‡Q|
4) ‫ ﻓﺎﻋﻞ‬hw` ‫ ﺟﻤﻊ ﻣﺆﻧﺚ ﺳﺎﻟﻢ‬nq, Z‡e ‫† ﻓﻌﻞ‬K ‫ ﻣﺆﻧﺚ‬Avb‡Z n‡e| h_v: ‫ﺟﺎءت اﻟﻤﺆﻣﻨﺎت‬
5) ‫ ﻓﺎﻋﻞ‬hw` ‫ ﺟﻤﻊ ﻣﺆﻧﺚ ﺳﺎﻟﻢ‬Gi ‫ ﺿﻤﯿﺮ‬Z_v me©bvg nq, Z‡e ‫† ﻓﻌﻞ‬K ‫ واﺣﺪ ﻣﺆﻧﺚ ﻏﺎﺋﺐ‬A_ev ‫ﺟﻤﻊ ﻣﺆﻧﺚ ﻏﺎﺋﺐ‬
Dfqfv‡e e¨envi Kiv †h‡Z cv‡i| †hgb-
K) ‫ واﺣﺪ ﻣﺆﻧﺚ‬h_v: ‫اﻟﻤﺆﻣﻨﺎت ﺟﺎءت‬
L) ‫ ﺟﻤﻊ ﻣﺆﻧﺚ‬h_v: ‫ اﻟﻤﺆﻣﻨﺎت ﺟﯿﻦ‬gywgb bvixiv G‡m‡Q|
6) ‫ ﻓﺎﻋﻞ‬hw` ‫ ﺟﻤﻊ ﻣﺬﻛﺮ ﺳﺎﻟﻢ‬nq, n‡e ‫† ﻓﻌﻞ‬K ‫ واﺣﺪ ﻣﺬﻛﺮ ﻏﺎﺋﺐ‬Avb‡Z n‡e| h_v: ‫ ﺟﺎء اﻟﻤﺴﻠﻤﻮن‬gymwjg biMY
G‡m‡Q|
7) ‫ ﻓﺎﻋﻞ‬hw` ‫ ﺟﻤﻊ ﻣﺬﻛﺮ ﺳﺎﻟﻢ‬Gi ‫ ﺿﻤﯿﺮ‬Z_v me©bvg nq, Z‡e ‫† ﻓﻌﻞ‬K ‫ ﺟﻤﻊ ﻣﺬﻛﺮ ﻏﺎﺋﺐ‬Avb‡Z n‡e| h_v: ‫اﻟﻤﺴﻠﻤﻮن‬
‫ﺟﺎءوا‬
‫اﻋﺮاب اﻟﺠﻤﻊ اﻟﺴﺎﻟﻢ‬
Dfq Ae¯’v‡Z Z_v ‫ ﻓﺎﻋﻞ‬I ‫ ﻣﻔﻌﻮل‬Gi †ejvq ‫ ﺟﻤﻊ ﺳﺎﻟﻢ‬Gi ‫ اﻋﺮاب‬Gi Av‡jvPbv:
1) ‫ ﺟﻤﻊ ﻣﺬﻛﺮ ﺳﺎﻟﻢ‬hw` ‫ ﻓﺎﻋﻞ‬nq, Z‡e †c‡ki cwie‡Z© Zvi ‫ اﻋﺮاب‬- ‫ ون‬w`‡q n‡e| h_v: ‫ ﺟﺎء اﻟﻤﺴﻠﻤﻮن‬gymjgvbMY
G‡m‡Q|
2) ‫ ﺟﻤﻊ ﻣﺬﻛﺮ ﺳﺎﻟﻢ‬hw` ‫ ﻣﻔﻌﻮل‬nq, Z‡e he‡ii cwie‡Z© Zvi ‫ اﻋﺮاب‬n‡e ‫ ﯾﻦ‬w`‡q| h_v: ‫ رﺋﯿﺖ اﻟﻤﺴﻠﻤﯿﻦ‬Avwg
gymwjg MY‡K †`‡LwQ|
3) ‫ ﺟﻤﻊ ﻣﺆﻧﺚ ﺳﺎﻟﻢ‬hw` ‫ ﻓﺎﻋﻞ‬nq, Z‡e Zvi ‫† اﻋﺮاب‬ck n‡e| h_v: ‫ ﺟﺎءﻧﻰ ﻣﺴﻠﻤﺎت‬Avgvi wbKU A‡bK¸wj gymwjg
bvix G‡m‡Q|
4) ‫ ﺟﻤﻊ ﻣﺆﻧﺚ ﺳﺎﻟﻢ‬hw` ‫ ﻣﻔﻌﻮل‬nq, Z‡e Zvi ‫† اﻋﺮاب‬hi n‡e| h_v: ‫ رﺋﯿﺖ ﻣﺴﻠﻤﺎت ـ‬Avwg A‡bK¸wj gymwjg bvix
†`‡LwQ|
5) ‫ ﺟﻤﻊ ﻣﻜﺴﺮ‬hw` ‫ ﻓﺎﻋﻞ‬nq, Z‡e Zvi ‫† اﻋﺮاب‬ck n‡e| h_v: ‫ ﺟﺎء رﺟﺎل‬A‡bK¸wj †jvK G‡m‡Q|
6) ‫ ﺟﻤﻊ ﻣﻜﺴﺮ‬hw` ‫ ﻣﻔﻌﻮل‬nq, Z‡e Zvi ‫ اﻋﺮاب‬hei n‡e| h_v: ‫ رﺋﯿﺖ رﺟﺎﻻ‬Avwg A‡bK †jvK †`‡LwQ|
100k cvV
‫اﻻﺳﺘﻔﮭﺎم‬
‫ ھﻤﺰة‬I ‫ ھﻞ‬Gi ga¨Kvi cv_©K¨:
1) ‫ ھﻞ‬ïay n¨v †evaK ev‡K¨ e¨eüZ nq, wKš‘ ‫ ھﻤﺰة‬n¨uv †evaK I bv †evaK Dfq ev‡K¨ e¨eüZ n‡q _v‡K| h_v: ‫ ھﻞ‬Gi
D`vniY: ‫ ھﻞ ﻗﺎم زﯾﺪا؟ ھﻞ زﯾﺪ ﻗﺎﺋﻢ ؟‬myZivs ‫ ھﻞ ﻟﻢ ﯾﺴﺎﻓﺮ ﻋﻠﻰ‬ejv hv‡e bv|
‫ ھﻤﺰة‬Gi D`vniY: ‫ أﻣﺎﻗﺎم زﯾﺪ؟ أﻗﺎم زﯾﺪ؟ أزﯾﺪ ﻗﺎﺋﻢ؟‬hv‡q` `Ûvqgvb bvB|
2) ‫ ھﻞ‬ïaygvÎ fwel¨Z Kv‡ji Rb¨ e¨eüZ nq| wKš‘ ‫ ھﻤﺰة‬me©Kv‡ji Rb¨ e¨eüZ nq| h_v: ‫ ھﻞ ﺗﺴﺎﻓﺮ‬Zzwg wK ågb
Ki‡e? ‫ ھﻤﺰة‬Gi D`vniY: ‫ أﺗﺴﺎﻓﺮ‬Zzwg Kx hv‡e? ‫ أﺗﺬھﺐ اﻻن‬Zzwg wK GLb hv‡e? ‫ أﻻ ﺗﺬھﺐ اﻟﻰ اﻟﻤﺪرﺳﺔ؟‬Zzwg wK
gv`ivmvq hv‡e bv? wKš‘ ‫ ھﻞ ﺗﺬھﺐ اﻻن‬ejv hv‡qR n‡e bv|
3) ‫( ھﻞ‬hw`) kZ©‡evaK Ae¨‡qi c~‡e© e¨eüZ nqbv| wKš‘ ‫ ھﻤﺰة‬kZ©‡evaK Ae¨‡qi c~‡e© e¨eüZ nq| h_v: ‫أﻓﺈن ﻣﺖ ﻓﮭﻢ‬
‫ اﻟﺨﺎﻟﺪون‬Avcwb hw` g‡i hvb, Z‡e Zviv wK wPi¯’vqx n‡e? wKš‘ ‫ ھﻞ ان ﻗﺎم ﺗﻘﻢ‬ejv hv‡e bv|
4) ‫ ھﻞ‬Ae¨q ‫ إن‬Gi c~‡e© nq bv wKš‘ ‫ ھﻤﺰةـ إن‬Gi c~‡e© e¨eüZ nq| h_v: ‫ ھﻞ اﻧﺖ ﯾﻮﺳﻒ؟‬Avcwb wK BDmyd? myZivs ‫ھﻞ‬
‫ اﻧﻚ ﻣﺴﺎﻓﺮ‬ejv Rv‡qR n‡e bv| ‫ ھﻞ إن زﯾﺪا ﻗﺎﺋﻢ‬ejv Rv‡qR bvB|
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5) ‫ ھﻞ‬Ae¨qwU ‫ ﻋﻄﻒ‬Gi Rb¨ e¨eüZ ‫ واو‬ev ‫ ﻓﺎء‬Gi c‡i Av‡m, c~‡e© Av‡m bv| h_v: ‫ﻓﮭﻞ ﯾﮭﻠﻚ اﻻ اﻟﻘﻮم اﻟﻈﺎﻟﻤﻮن‬
AZ¨vPvix †jvK Qvov Ab¨ KvD‡KI Kx aŸsm Kiv hv‡e?
6) ‫ ھﻞ‬Ggb we‡k‡l¨i c~‡e© e¨eüZ nB‡e bv, hvi c‡i wµqv _v‡K, wKš‘ ‫ ھﻤﺰة‬e¨eüZ n‡e| h_v: ‫ ھﻞ زﯾﺪ ﻗﺎﺋﻢ‬hv‡q` Kx
`Ûvqgvb? ejv hv‡e bv|
7) ‫ ھﻞ‬mgq mgq †bwZevPK A_©vr bv A‡_© e¨eüZ nq, h_v: ‫ ھﻞ ﺟﺰاء اﻻﺣﺴﺎن اﻻ اﻻﺣﺴﺎن‬DcKv‡ii cÖwZ`vb DcKvi
Qvov Avi wKQz bq|
8) ‫ ھﻞ‬KLbI KLbI ‫ ﻗﺪ‬Gi A‡_© e¨eüZ nq| h_v: ‫ھﻞ اﺗﻰ ﻋﻠﻰ اﻻﻧﺴﺎن ﺣﯿﻦ ﻣﻦ اﻟﺪھﺮ‬
101 k cvV
‫ ﻣﺎﺿﻰ ﻣﻨﻔﻰ‬: ‫ ﻣﺎﺿﻰ ﻣﻌﺮوف‬c‡`i c~‡e© bv A_© ‡evaK ‫ ﻣﺎ‬Avm‡j ‫ ﻣﺎﺿﻰ ﻣﻨﻔﻰ‬c` MwVZ nq| h_v: ‫ ﻓﻌﻞ‬n‡Z ‫ ﻣﺎﻓﻌﻞ‬,
‫ ﻓُ ِﻌ َﻞ‬n‡Z ‫ ﻣﺎﻓﻌﻞ‬,
D‡jøL¨ †h, ‫ ﻣﺎﺿﻰ ﻣﻌﺮوف‬c‡`i c~‡e© gv‡S g‡a¨ bv A_©‡evaK ‫ ﻻ‬G‡m _v‡K| wKš‘ Bnv AZ¨šÍ Kg e¨eüZ nq|
wb¤œwjwLZ wZb Ae¯’vq ‫ ﻣﺎﺿﻰ ﻣﻌﺮوف‬Gi Dci bv †evaK ‫ ﻻ‬G‡m _v‡K| (1) hLb `yÕwU wfbœ wfbœ n¨uvm~PK ‫† ﻣﺎﺿﻰ‬K bv
m~PK wµhv iƒcvšÍwiZ Ki‡Z n‡j| h_v: ‫† ﻻ ﺻﻠﻰ وﻻ ﺻﺎم‬m bvgvRI c‡o bvB, †ivRvI iv‡L bvB ‫† ﻻ ﺟﺎء وﻻ ذھﺐ‬m
Av‡mI bvB hvBI bvB|
(2) e` †`vqvi A‡_© e¨eüZ n‡j h_v: ‫ ﻻ ﺑﺎرك ﷲ ﻓﻰ ﺳﮭﯿﻞ‬Avjøvn †mvnvB‡ji Kv‡R eiKZ bv w`K|
(3) Km‡gi Dˇi h_v: ‫ وﷲ ﻻ ﻋﺬﺑﮭﻢ ﺑﻌﺪھﺎ‬Avjøvni Kmg K‡i ejwQ Avjøvn Zv‡`i‡K Kx Gi c‡i †`vh‡Li kvw¯Í‡Z
w`‡eb bv|
* ‫† ﻣﻀﺎرع‬K ‫ ﻣﻀﺎرع‬bvgKiY Kivi 2wU KviY i‡q‡Q|
(1) ‫ ﻣﻀﺎرع‬kãwU ‫ اﺳﻢ ﻓﺎﻋﻞ‬Gi ‫ ﺻﯿﻐﺔ‬A_©vr ci¯úi Abyiƒc mv`„k nIqv| ‫† ﻣﻀﺎرع‬K ‫ ﻣﻀﺎرع‬Gi Rb¨B ejv nq,
†h‡nZz ‫ ﻣﻀﺎرع‬c` kã I A_© Ges e¨envwiK w`K w`qv ‫ اﺳﻢ ﻓﺎﻋﻞ‬c‡`i Abyiƒc|
* kã gv‡b: ‫ ﻣﻀﺎرع‬c‡` ‡h eP‡b hZwU Aÿi Av‡Q wVK Z`ªæc ‫ اﺳﻢ ﻓﺎﻋﻞ‬c‡`I †m eP‡b GKwU Aÿi Av‡Q| h_v:
‫ ﯾﻔﻌﻞ‬GLv‡b ‫ ل ـ ع ـ ف ـ ى‬hZwU Aÿi Z`ªæc ‫ ﻓﺎﻋﻞ‬Gi g‡a¨ ‫ ل ـ ع ـ اﻟﻒ ـ ف‬G 3wU Aÿi i‡q‡Q|
* A_© gv‡b: ‫ ﻣﻀﺎرع‬c` ‫ ﻣﺴﺘﻘﺒﻞ‬Gi A‡_© e¨eüZ nq Z`ªæc ‫ اﺳﻢ ﻓﺎﻋﻞ‬I ‫ ﻣﺴﺘﻘﺒﻞ‬Gi A‡_© e¨eüZ nq|
(2) ci¯úi GK¯Íb n‡Z `y» cvb Kiv †h‡nZz ‫ ﻣﻀﺎرع‬Gi Rb¨ `yÕwU Kvj GK‡Î cvIqv hvq weavq ‫† ﻣﻀﺎرع‬K ‫ﻣﻀﺎرع‬
ejv n‡q _v‡K|
102 k cvV
‫( ﻣﻀﺎرع‬eZ©gvb I fwel¨Z Kvj)
‫ ﻣﻀﺎرع‬H wµqv‡K ejv nq, †h wµqv eZ©gvb I fwel¨Z Kvj eySvq| †Kn †Kn e‡j‡Qb †h, ‫ ﻣﻀﺎرع‬c` cÖK…Z c‡ÿ ‫ﺣﺎل‬
Z_v eZ©gvb Kv‡ji Rb¨ e¨eüZ n‡q _v‡K| wKš‘ iƒcK A‡_© ‫ ﻣﺴﺘﻘﺒﻞ‬ev fwel¨Z Kv‡ji Rb¨ e¨nüZ nq| †Kbbv
‫ ﻣﺎﺿﻰ‬wµqv AZxZ Kv‡ji| Avi ‫ ﻣﻀﺎرع‬fwel¨Z Kv‡ji A‡_© e¨eüZ nq| myZivs GLb Ggb GK wµqvi `iKvi hv
eZ©gvb Kv‡ji A‡_© e¨eüZ nq| Avi Zv n‡”Q ‫ ﻣﻀﺎرع‬ZvB †Kn †Kn e‡j‡Qb †h ‫ ﻣﻀﺎرع‬eZ©gvb Kv‡ji A‡_© e¨eüZ
nIqvwU AwaK hyw³ m½Z| h_v: ‫ اﺿﺮب‬Avwg gviwQ ev gvie|
D‡jøL¨ †h ‫ ﻣﻀﺎرع‬c‡`i PviwU wPý i‡q‡Q hv‡K GK K_vq ‫اﺗﯿﻦ‬, ‫ ﻧﺎﺗﻰ‬ev ‫ ﺗﺎﻧﻰ‬ejv nq| ‫ ﻣﺎﺿﻰ‬c‡`i cÖ_‡g D³
PviwU Aÿi n‡Z †h †Kvb GKwU AvbZ: 1g Aÿi‡K ‫ ﺳﺎﻛﻦ‬mvwKb Ki‡Z n‡e Ges †kl Aÿ‡i †ck w`‡Z n‡e| h_v: ‫ﻓﻌﻞ‬
n‡Z ‫ ﯾﻔﻌﻞ‬BZ¨vw`|
‫اﺛﺒﺎت ﻓﻌﻞ ﻣﻀﺎرع ﻣﻌﺮوف‬
‫ﺟﻤﻊ‬ ‫ﺗﺜﻨﯿﺔ‬ ‫واﺣﺪ‬
‫ﯾﻔﻌﻠﻮن‬ ‫ﯾﻔﻌﻼن‬ ‫ﯾﻔﻌﻞ‬
‫ﯾﻔﻌﻠﻦ‬ ‫ﺗﻔﻌﻼن‬ ‫ﺗﻔﻌﻞ‬
‫ﺗﻔﻌﻠﻮن‬ ‫ﺗﻔﻌﻼن‬ ‫ﺗﻔﻌﻞ‬
‫ﺗﻔﻌﻠﻦ‬ ‫ﺗﻔﻌﻼن‬ ‫ﺗﻔﻌﻠﯿﻦ‬
‫ﻧﻔﻌﻞ‬ ‫ﻧﻔﻌﻞ‬ ‫اﻓﻌﻞ‬
‫ *ﻣﻀﺎرع ﻣﺠﮭﻮل‬: ‫ ﻣﻀﺎرع ﻣﻌﺮوف‬Gi wP‡ýi Dci ‫ ﺿﻤﺔ‬Ges †kl Aÿ‡ii Av‡Mi Aÿ‡i A_v©r ‫ ﻋﯿﻦ ﻛﻠﻤﺔ‬Gi Dci
‫ ﻓﺘﺤﺔ‬emv‡j ‫ ﻣﻀﺎرع ﻣﺠﮭﻮل‬c` MwVZ nq| h_v: ‫ﺼ ُﺮ‬ ُ ‫ ﯾَﻨ‬n‡Z ‫ﺼ ُﺮ‬
َ ‫ ﯾُﻨ‬BZ¨vw`|
* ‫ ﻣﻀﺎرع ﻣﻨﻔﻰ‬: ‫ ﻣﻀﺎرع ﻣﻌﺮوف‬wKsev ‫ ﻣﻀﺎرع ﻣﺠﮭﻮل‬Gi c~‡e© bv A_©‡evaK ‫ ﻻ‬emv‡j ‫ ﻣﻀﺎرع ﻣﻨﻔﻰ‬MwVZ nq|
h_v: ‫ ﯾﻨﺼﺮ‬n‡Z ‫ ﻻﯾﻨﺼﺮ‬, ‫ﺼ ُﺮ‬ َ ‫ ﯾُﻨ‬n‡Z ‫ﺼ ُﺮ‬
َ ‫ﻻ ﯾُﻨ‬
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103 k cvV
‫( ﻣﻀﺎرع‬eZ©gvb I fwel¨Z Kvj Gi wKQz Riæix Av‡jvPbv)
KZK¯’v‡b ‫ ﻣﻀﺎرع‬ïaygvÎ fwel¨Z Kv‡ji A‡_© e¨eüZ nq| wb‡P Zv Av‡jvKcvZ Kiv nj:
(1) ‫ ﻣﻀﺎرع‬Gi Dci ‫ س‬ev ‫ ﺳﻮف‬Avm‡j| h_v: ‫ﺳﻮف ﯾﻀﺮب ـ ﺳﻀﺮب‬
(2) ‫ ﻣﻀﺎرع‬Gi Dci ‫ ﻟﻦ‬ev ‫ أن‬Avm‡j| h_v: ‫ ﻟﻦ ﺗﺪﺧﻞ اﻟﺠﻨﺔ‬Zzwg KL‡bv †e‡n‡¯Í cÖ‡ek Ki‡e bv|
(3) kZ©‡evaK Ae¨q ‫ ﻣﻀﺎرع‬Gi Avm‡j| h_v: ‫ ان ﺗﺬھﺐ أذھﺐ‬hw` Zzwg hvI, AvwgI hve|
(4) ‫ ﻟﻌﻞ‬Ae¨qwU ‫ ﻣﻀﺎرع‬Gi Dci Avm‡j| h_v: ‫ ﻟﻌﻞ ﯾﺄﺗﻰ‬m¤¢eZ †m Avm‡e|
(5) †`vqvi mgq| h_v: ‫ ﯾﺮﺣﻤﻚ ﷲ‬Avjøvn †Zvgv‡K ing Kiæb|
(6) ‫ ﻣﻀﺎرع‬Gi †klvÿ‡i ‫ ﻧﻮن ﺛﻘﯿﻠﮫ‬ev wØZ¡‡evaK ‫ ﻧﻮن‬Ges ‫ ﻧﻮن ﺧﻔﯿﻔﺔ‬ev mvwKbhy³ ‫ ﻧﻮن‬Ki‡j| ‫ ﻟﯿﻔﻌﻠﻦ‬I ‫ ﻟﯿﻔﻌﻠﻦ‬A_©vr
†m wbðq Ki‡e|