Date:

Theme: Geometry.
Unit topic: Deductive proofs.
Lesson topic: The exterior angle of a triangle is equal to the two opposite interior angles.
Time:
Duration:
Period:
Instructional objectives: At the end of the lesson, the students should be able to:
i. Write out the proofs of the basic theorem;
ii. List the steps of proving a theorem;
iii. Prove the basic theorems;
iv. Apply the proofs in solving practical problems.
Instructional resources: Model of triangles.
Presentation:
------Step 1: Identification of students’ prior ideas.
Mode: whole class.
Teacher’s activities: leads the students in correcting their mistakes in the previous lesson’s assignment.
Solution:
𝑦 = 180° − (100° + 35°)(𝑠𝑢𝑚 𝑜𝑓 𝑎𝑛𝑔𝑙𝑒𝑠 𝑖𝑛 𝑎 𝑡𝑟𝑖𝑎𝑛𝑔𝑙𝑒)
𝑦 = 180° − 135°
𝑦 = 45°
𝑏 = 180° − 𝑦 (𝑎𝑛𝑔𝑙𝑒𝑠 𝑜𝑛 𝑎 𝑠𝑡𝑟𝑎𝑖𝑔ℎ𝑡 𝑙𝑖𝑛𝑒)
𝑏 = 180° − 45°
𝑏 = 135°
𝑎 + 𝑏 + 18° = 180° (𝑠𝑢𝑚 𝑜𝑓 𝑎𝑛𝑔𝑙𝑒𝑠 𝑜𝑛 𝑎 𝑠𝑡𝑟𝑎𝑖𝑔ℎ𝑡 𝑙𝑖𝑛𝑒)
𝑎 + 135° + 18° = 180°
𝑎 = 180° − 153°
𝑎 = 27°
𝑥 + 𝑎 = 180° (𝑎𝑛𝑔𝑙𝑒𝑠 𝑜𝑛 𝑎 𝑠𝑡𝑟𝑎𝑖𝑔ℎ𝑡 𝑙𝑖𝑛𝑒)
𝑥 = 180° − 27°
𝑥 = 153°
Students’ activities: correct their mistakes.
------Step 2: Exploration.
Mode: whole class.
Teacher’s activities: leads the students in recalling the procedures for proving a theorem.
 Given – a statement of what is given for the proof.
 To prove – a statement showing what is required to be proved.
 Construction – where necessary.
 Proof proper.
Students’ activities: copy down the procedures.
------Step 3: Discussion.
Mode: whole class.
Teacher’s activities: leads the students in proving the theorem.
A

B D
C
Given: ABC with 𝐵𝐶 produced to a point D.
To prove: AĈD = Â + B.
Proof:
With the lettering above;
AĈD + AĈB = 180° (sum of angles on a straight line BCD)
AĈD = 180° – AĈB………………eqn (1)
BÂC + ABC + AĈB = 180°
BÂC + ABC = 180° – AĈB……eqn (2)
∴ AĈD = BÂC + ABC
∴AĈD = Â + B Q. E. D.
Students’ activities: listen, answer questions and take notes.
------Step 4: Application.
Mode: whole class.
Teacher’s activities: leads the students in applying the theorem in problem solving.
1. Find the angle B in the diagram below.
X

126° 𝐴

B C
Solution:
Let AĈB be m
ABC = AĈB (base angles of an isosceles triangle)
m + m = 126° (exterior angle of triangle equal two opposite interior angles)
2m = 126°
m = 63°
∴ angle B = 63°.
2. Name the exterior angles shown in the diagram below and find the size of each exterior angle.
P
A

Q 45° 60° R
B C
Solution:
The exterior angles are; PÂC, ABQ and AĈR
PÂC = 45° + 60° (𝑒𝑥𝑡, 𝐿𝑠 𝑜𝑓 𝑡𝑟𝑖𝑎𝑛𝑔𝑙𝑒 = 𝑠𝑢𝑚 𝑜𝑓 2 𝑜𝑝𝑝 𝑖𝑛𝑡. 𝐿𝑠
= 105°

ABQ +45° = 180° (𝑠𝑢𝑚 𝑜𝑓 𝑎𝑛𝑔𝑙𝑒𝑠 𝑜𝑛 𝑎 𝑠𝑡𝑟𝑎𝑖𝑔ℎ𝑡 𝑙𝑖𝑛𝑒)

ABQ = 180° − 45°
= 135°

AĈR+ 60° = 180° (𝑠𝑢𝑚 𝑜𝑓 𝑎𝑛𝑔𝑙𝑒𝑠 𝑜𝑛 𝑎 𝑠𝑡𝑟𝑎𝑖𝑔ℎ𝑡 𝑙𝑖𝑛𝑒)

AĈR = 180° − 60°
= 120°
Students’ activities: listen, answer questions and take notes.
------Step 5: Evaluation.
Mode: whole class.
Teacher’s activities: asks the students to find the lettered angles below.

77°

33° ℎ 𝑘
Students’ activities: answer the question thus;
𝑘 = 77° + 33° (𝑒𝑥𝑡. 𝐿 𝑖𝑠 𝑒𝑞𝑢𝑎𝑙 2 𝑜𝑝𝑝 𝑖𝑛𝑡. 𝐿𝑠)
= 110°

ℎ = 180° − 110° (𝑠𝑢𝑚 𝑜𝑓 𝑎𝑛𝑔𝑙𝑒𝑠 𝑜𝑛 𝑎 𝑠𝑡𝑟𝑎𝑖𝑔ℎ𝑡 𝑙𝑖𝑛𝑒)

= 70°
Assignment:
Two exterior angles of a triangle are 112° 𝑎𝑛𝑑 98°. Find the third exterior angle.
References:
 New General Mathematics for SS 1 by J B Channon etal.
 New Concept Mathematics for SS 1 by H N Odogwu etal.