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Textbook Cross Sectional Atlas of The Human Head With 0 1 MM Pixel Size Color Images 1St Edition Jin Seo Park Auth Ebook All Chapter PDF
Textbook Cross Sectional Atlas of The Human Head With 0 1 MM Pixel Size Color Images 1St Edition Jin Seo Park Auth Ebook All Chapter PDF
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Jin Seo Park
Cross-Sectional
Atlas of the
Human Head
123
Cross-Sectional Atlas of the Human Head
Jin Seo Park
1 Introduction��������������������������������������������������������������������������������������������������������������� 1
1.1 Making Cross-Sectional Images ����������������������������������������������������������������������� 2
1.2 Reference System����������������������������������������������������������������������������������������������� 3
1.3 Terminology and Labelling������������������������������������������������������������������������������� 4
1.4 Quick Guide to Use of This Atlas��������������������������������������������������������������������� 5
References������������������������������������������������������������������������������������������������������������������� 6
v
Introduction
1
This superb color atlas sets a new standard in neuroanatomy Moreover, the information gained from initiatives
by presenting around 300 detailed thin-sectioned images of involving photography of thin slices of human cadavers,
the human head, including the brain, with 0.1 mm intervals such as Visible Korean with Visible Human Project and
and a pixel size of 0.1 mm × 0.1 mm. A new reference system Chinese Visible Human (Park et al. 2009, 2010), has
employed for this purpose is clearly explained, and structures enriched knowledge of neuroanatomy and thereby facili-
are fully annotated in the horizontal, coronal, and sagittal tated the interpretation of such ultrahigh-field-resolution
planes. Recent advances in 7 Tesla MRI and 7 Tesla TDI have images. The exquisite images contained within this atlas
considerably enhanced imaging of the human brain, thereby will be invaluable in providing both researchers and clini-
impacting both neuroscience research and clinical practice. cians with important new insights.
1.1 Making Cross-Sectional Images 0.1 mm intervals, 0.1 × 0.1 mm2 pixel size, and 48-bit color)
by serial-sectioning the cadaver head of Visible Korean.
Cross-sectional images of the human body have high reso- After the cross-sectional images of axial plane were recon-
lution with real color unlike CTs and MRIs. Therefore, we structed by volume modeling, coronal and sagittal sectional
prepared 2,343 cross-sectional images (axial direction, images were prepared (Park et al. 2009).
1.2 Reference System two ancillary points are anterior commissure (AC) and pos-
terior commissure (PC). And the principal reference point is
The reference system of these cross-sectional images is com- the midpoint of two ancillary points. It resides in the center
posed of one principal point and two ancillary points. The of whole brain (Park et al. 2010).
midpoint
AC
PC
AC PC
1.3 Terminology and Labelling images were printed onto papers. The structures were traced
by referring to other atlases and anatomy books (Cho 2014,
Accurate anatomical terms are essential to the anatomy atlas. 2015; Schuenke et al. 2010). Every identified structure was
Therefore, all anatomical terms in this atlas were labelled denoted on the paper. Based on the papers, the identified struc-
based on the authorized terms, Terminologia Anatomica tures were labelled on PowerPoint 2016 (Microsoft Corp.,
(Termi FCoA 2002). Seattle, WA, USA).
It was difficult to identify directly each structure on the
cross-sectional images. Therefore, I worked as follows. The
Precentral gyrus
Postcentral gyrus(1)
Postcentral gyrus(2)
Supramarginal gyrus(1)
Supramarginal gyrus(2)
Angular gyrus(1)
Angular gyrus(2)
Superior parietal lobule
Precuneus(2) Cuneus
1.4 Quick Guide to Use of This Atlas 5
Axial 00 mm
+80 +70 +60 +50 +40 +30 +20 +10 00 −10 −20 −30 −40 −50 −60 −70 −80
Sup. frontal gyrus
Sup. frontal sulcus Anterior
Cingulate sulcus
Cingulate gyrus Frontal bone
Right Middle frontal gyrus Cerebral falx Left
Cingulum
+100 Cingulum
Ant. cerebral a.
Corpus callosum fibers Caudate nu., head
+90 Corona radiata Fornix, column
Sup. longitudinal
+80 Mammillothalamic fasiculus
fasciculus(1)
Inf. frontal sulcus Lat. medullary lamina
+70 Sup. occipitofrontal Med. medullary lamina
fasciculus
Uncinate fasciculus(1)/ Globus pallidus,
+60 int. segment
Inf. occipitofrontal
fasciculus(1) Globus pallidus,
+50 Inf. frontal gyrus, external segment
triangular part
+40 Middle meningeal a.
Temporal m.
Uncinate fasciculus(2)/ Middle cerebral a.
+30 Inf. occipitofrontal Extreme capsule
fasciculus(2)
Claustrum
+20 Lat. sulcus
Short gyrus of insula Temporal bone
+10 Sup. temporal gyrus Squamous suture
Anterior commissure
Long gyrus of insula Int. capsule, post. limb
00
Sup. temporal sulcus Thalamus
Uncinate fasciculus(3)/
−10 Parietal bone
Inf. longitudinal
fasciculus(1) Third ventricle
−20 Middle temporal gyrus(1) Caudate nu., tail
Auditory radiation
Fimbria
−30 Middle temporal gyrus(2)
Cerebral peduncle Hippocampus
−40 Optic radiation, Lat. ventricle, collateral
Meyer’s loop trigone
−50 Sup. longitudinal
Lat. ventricle, occipital
fasciculus(2)
horn
Tapetum
−60 Pineal gland
Gyri of occipital lobe(1)
Posterior commissure Great cerebral vein
−70 Cingulum
Cerebellar tentorium
Inf. longitudinal
−80 fasciculus(2) Straight sinus
Inf. occipitofrontal Lambdoid suture
−90 fasciculus(3)/
Optic radiation Cerebral falx
Gyri of occipital lobe(2) Sup. sagittal siuns
Calcarine sulcus(1)
Culmen
Calcarine sulcus(2)
Inf. occipitofrontal
fasciculus(4)
Gyri of occipital lobe(3)
Cuneus Posterior
Abbreviation
sup., superior; inf., inferior; ant., anterior; post., posterior; lat., lateral; Actual size of current plane
med., medial; int., internal; ext., external; a., artery; v., vein; n., nerve
6 1 Introduction
Acknowledgements This research was financially supported by the Cho ZH. 7.0 Tesla MRI brain white matter atlas. 2nd ed. New York:
Ministry of Trade, Industry and Energy (MOTIE) and Korea Institute Springer; 2015.
for Advancement of Technology (KIAT) through the International Park JS, Chung MS, Shin DS, Har DH, Cho ZH, Kim YB, Han JY,
Cooperative R&D program (Grant number: N0002249). Raw data of Chi JG. Sectioned images of the cadaver head including the brain
the Visible Korean were acquired by financial assistance from Korea and correspondences with ultrahigh field 7.0 T MRIs. Proc IEEE.
Institute of Science and Technology Information. 2009;97:1988–96.
Park JS, Chung MS, Park HS, Shin DS, Har DH, Cho ZH, Kim YB,
Han JY, Chi JG. A proposal of new reference system for the stan-
dard axial, sagittal, coronal planes of brain based on the serially-
References sectioned images. J Korean Med Sci. 2010;25:135–41.
Schuenke M, Schulte E, Schumacher U. Atlas of anatomy, head and
Cho ZH. 7.0 Tesla MRI brain atlas, in vivo atlas with cryomacrotome neuroanatomy. Leipzig: Thieme; 2010.
correlation. 2nd ed. New York: Springer; 2014. Termi FCoA. Terminologia anatomica. Leipzig: Thieme; 2002.
Part I
Whole Head
Whole Head: Axial
2
Axial + 72 mm
+80 +70 +60 +50 +40 +30 +20 +10 00 −10 −20 −30 −40 −50 −60 −70 −80
Anterior
Right Left
+100
+90
+80
+70
+60
+50
+40
+30
+20
+10
00
−10 Emissary v.
Spongy bone
−20
Compact bone Parietal bone
−30
Subcutaneous tissue
−40 Sagittal suture
Epidermis
−50
Epicranial aponeurosis
−60
−70
−80
−90
Posterior
2 Whole Head: Axial 11
Axial + 68 mm
+80 +70 +60 +50 +40 +30 +20 +10 00 −10 −20 −30 −40 −50 −60 −70 −80
Anterior
Right Left
+100
+90
+80
+70
+60
+50
+40
+10 Bregma
00
Sagittal suture(1)
−10
Emissary v.
Postcentral gyrus G
−20
Sup. sagittal sinus
−30
Parietal bone
−40
Sagittal suture(2)
−50
Epicranial aponeurosis
−60
−70
−80
−90
Posterior
12 2 Whole Head: Axial
Axial + 64 mm
+80 +70 +60 +50 +40 +30 +20 +10 00 −10 −20 −30 −40 −50 −60 −70 −80
Anterior
Right Left
+100
+90
+80
+70
+60
+50
+40
Frontal bone
+30
Sup. frontal gyrus Coronal suture
+20
Sagittal suture(1)
+10 Precentral sulcus
−40
Corona radiata Sup. sagittal sinus
−50
Sagittal suture(2)
Postcentral sulcus
−60
Epicranial aponeurosis
−70 Marginal sulcus
−80
−90
Posterior
2 Whole Head: Axial 13
Axial + 60 mm
+80 +70 +60 +50 +40 +30 +20 +10 00 −10 −20 −30 −40 −50 −60 −70 −80
Anterior
Right Left
+100
+90
+80
+70
+60
+50
Frontal bone
+40
Sup. frontal gyrus(1) G
+30 Coronal suture
Sup. frontal gyrus(2) G
+20 Sup. sagittal sinus
Precentral sulcus G
+10
Subarachnoid space
Precentral gyrus G
00
Postcentral gyrus G
−30 Sup. cerebral v.
Epicranial aponeurosis
−70 Precuneus G
−80
−90
Posterior
14 2 Whole Head: Axial
Axial + 56 mm
+80 +70 +60 +50 +40 +30 +20 +10 00 −10 −20 −30 −40 −50 −60 −70 −80
Anterior
Right Left
+100
+90
+80
+70
+60
Frontal bone
+50
(1)
Sup. frontal gyrus (1)
+40 Sup. sagittal sinus
(2)
Sup. frontal gyrus
+30 Coronal suture
Sup. frontal sulcus
+20 Subarachnoid space
Middle frontal gyrus
−80
−90
Posterior
2 Whole Head: Axial 15
Axial + 52 mm
+80 +70 +60 +50 +40 +30 +20 +10 00 −10 −20 −30 −40 −50 −60 −70 −80
Anterior
Right Left
+100
+90
Sup. frontal gyrus(1)
+80 Sup. frontal sulcus
Coronal suture
+40 Precentral sulcus
Precentral gyrus
+20 Subarachnoid space
Central sulcus
+10 Parietal bone
Postcentral gyrus
00
Dura mater
Postcentral sulcus
−10
Sup. parietal lobule(1) Cerebral falx
−20
Angular gyrus
Sup. cerebral v.
−30
Intraparietal sulcus
Emissary v.
−40
Sup. longitudinal
fasciculus Sup. sagittal sinus(2)
−50
Marginal sulcus
−60 Sagittal suture
Sup. parietal lobule(2)
−70 Epicranial aponeurosis
Precuneus
−80
−90
Posterior
16 2 Whole Head: Axial
Axial + 48 mm
+80 +70 +60 +50 +40 +30 +20 +10 00 −10 −20 −30 −40 −50 −60 −70 −80
Anterior
Right Left
+100 Sup. frontal gyrus(1)
−50
Corpus callosum Sup. sagittal sinus(2)
fibers(2)
Precuneus(1)
−70
Epicranial aponeurosis
Sup. parietal lobule(2)
−80
Parieto-occipital sulcus
−90 Precuneus(2)
Posterior
2 Whole Head: Axial 17
Axial + 44 mm
+80 +70 +60 +50 +40 +30 +20 +10 00 −10 −20 −30 −40 −50 −60 −70 −80
Anterior
Right Left
+100 Sup. frontal gyrus
Postcentral sulcus
00
Cerebral falx
Lat. sulcus
−10 Supramarginal gyrus
Parietal bone
−20 Intraparietal sulcus(1)
Angular gyrus(1)
−30 Sup. cerebral v.
Sup. parietal lobule(1)
−40
Sup. longitudinal Sup. sagittal sinus(2)
fasciculus(2)
−50
Precuneus(1)
Sagittal suture
−60
Angular gyrus(2)
−90
Posterior
18 2 Whole Head: Axial
Axial + 40 mm
+80 +70 +60 +50 +40 +30 +20 +10 00 −10 −20 −30 −40 −50 −60 −70 −80
Anterior
Right Left
Sup. frontal gyrus
+100
Sup. frontal sulcus
+90
Middle frontal gyrus(1)
Precentral gyrus
Coronal suture
+20
Central sulcus
+10 Callosomarginal a.
Postcentral gyrus
00 Postcentral sulcus
Dura mater
Lat. sulcus
−10
Sup. longitudinal Parietal bone
fasciculus(2)
−20
Supramarginal gyrus Centrum semiovale
−30
Corona radiata(2)
−40 Sup. sagittal sinus(2)
Angular gyrus(1)
−80 Precuneus
Posterior
2 Whole Head: Axial 19
Axial + 36 mm
+80 +70 +60 +50 +40 +30 +20 +10 00 −10 −20 −30 −40 −50 −60 −70 −80
Anterior
Right Left
Sup. frontal gyrus
+100
Sup. frontal sulcus
+90
Middle frontal gyrus(1)
Central sulcus
+10
Subarachnoid space
Postcentral sulcus
00
Temporal m.
Precuneus(2)
−90
Posterior
20 2 Whole Head: Axial
Axial + 32 mm
+80 +70 +60 +50 +40 +30 +20 +10 00 −10 −20 −30 −40 −50 −60 −70 −80
Anterior
Right Left
Sup. frontal gyrus
+100
Sup. frontal sulcus
+90
Middle frontal gyrus(1)
(1)
Cingulate gyrus
+70 Sup. sagittal sinus(1)
Middle frontal gyrus(2)
+60
Cingulum
Cerebral falx
+50 Corpus callosum fibers
Posterior
2 Whole Head: Axial 21
Axial + 28 mm
+80 +70 +60 +50 +40 +30 +20 +10 00 −10 −20 −30 −40 −50 −60 −70 −80
Anterior
Cingulate sulcus
+90
Sup. frontal sulcus(2)
Sup. sagittal sinus
+80 Cingulum
Sup. occipitofrontal
+30
fasciculus Subarachnoid space
Temporal m.
−10
Lat. sulcus Longitudinal cerebral fissure
Cerebral falx
Sup. longitudinal
−30
fasciculus(2)
Parieto-occipital sulcus
−90
Sup. parietal lobule(2)
Cuneus
Posterior
22 2 Whole Head: Axial
Axial + 24 mm
+80 +70 +60 +50 +40 +30 +20 +10 00 −10 −20 −30 −40 −50 −60 −70 −80
Anterior
Sup. frontal gyrus
Cingulate sulcus
Right Sup. frontal sulcus Left
+100 Cingulate gyrus Sup. sagittal sinus
Corona radiata
+20 Parietal bone
Central sulcus
Supramarginal gyrus(2)
Inf. sagittal sinus
−30
Sup. occipitofrontal
fasciculus(2)
−40 Precuneus
Angular gyrus(1)
−50 Corpus callosum Sup. sagittal sinus
fibers(2)
−60 Sup. longitudinal
fasciculus(3) Lambdoid suture
−70
Cingulum(2)
Spongy bone in
−80 Angular gyrus(2)
occipital bone
Subparietal sulcus
−90 Gyri of occipital lobe Epicranial aponeurosis
Precuneus
Parieto-occipital sulcus
Cuneus
Posterior
2 Whole Head: Axial 23
Axial + 22 mm
+80 +70 +60 +50 +40 +30 +20 +10 00 −10 −20 −30 −40 −50 −60 −70 −80
Anterior
00 Corona radiata
Supramarginal gyrus(1) Parietal bone
−10 Sup. occipitofrontal
fasciculus Lat. ventricle, body
−20 Lat. sulcus
(2)
Supramarginal gyrus Inf. sagittal sinus
−30
Angular gyrus(1)
Posterior
24 2 Whole Head: Axial
Axial + 20 mm
+80 +70 +60 +50 +40 +30 +20 +10 00 −10 −20 −30 −40 −50 −60 −70 −80
Anterior
Sup. frontal gyrus
Sup. frontal sulcus
Cingulate sulcus
Right Left
Cingulate gyrus
+100
Cingulum Frontal bone
Corpus callosum
+90 (1)
fibers Sup. sagittal sinus
Middle frontal gyrus
+80
Sup. longitudinal Subarachnoid space
fasciculus(1)
+70
Inf. frontal sulcus Cerebral falx
Inf. frontal gyrus,
+60
triangular part
Longitudinal cerebral
Sup. occipitofrontal fissure
+50 fasciculus
Inf. frontal gyrus, Coronal suture
+40 opercular part
Corona radiata
Ant. cerebral a.
+30 Precentral sulcus
Precentral gyrus
+20 Middle meningeal a.
Temporal m.
Central sulcus
+10 Caudate nucleus, body
Sup. longitudinal
fasciculus(2)
00 Lat. ventricle, body
Postcentral gyrus
Lat. sulcus Parietal bone
−10
Supramarginal gyrus(1)
Thalamostriate v. Pericallosal a.
−20
(2)
Supramarginal gyrus
−30 Sup. occipitofrontal Inf. sagittal sinus
fasciculus
Angular gyrus(1)
−40 Straight sinus
Sup. temporal sulcus
−50 Corpus callosum, body Cerebral falx
Sup. longitudinal
(3)
−60 fasciculus Sup. sagittal sinus
Angular gyrus(2)
−70 Forceps major Lambdoid suture
Corpus callosum
−80 fibers(2)
Spongy bone in
Post. cingulate gyrus occipital bone
(1)
−90 Gyri of occipital lobe
Subparietal sulcus Epicranial aponeurosis
Precuneus
Parietooccipital sulcus
Cuneus
(2)
Gyri of occipital lobe
Posterior
2 Whole Head: Axial 25
Axial + 18 mm
+80 +70 +60 +50 +40 +30 +20 +10 00 −10 −20 −30 −40 −50 −60 −70 −80
Anterior
Sup. frontal gyrus
Cingulate sulcus
Sup. frontal sulcus
(1)
Right Middle frontal gyrus Left
Cingulate gyrus(1) Frontal bone
+100
Cingulum(1)
Corpus callosum, genu Sup. sagittal sinus(1)
+90 (2)
Middle frontal gyrus
Corona radiata Cerebral falx(1)
+80 Sup. occipitofrontal
fasciculus Ant. cerebral a.
+70 Inf. frontal sulcus
Inf. frontal gyrus, Lat. ventricle, frontal horn
+60 triangular part
Caudate nucleus, head
Sup. longitudinal
+50 fasciculus(1)
Inf. frontal gyrus, Coronal suture
opercular part
+40 Thalamostriate v.
Int. capsule
Precentral sulcus
+30 Temporal m. Middle meningeal a.
Precentral gyrus
+20 Claustrum Parietal bone
Central sulcus (1)
Lat. ventricle, body
+10 Postcentral gyrus
Transverse temporal Int. capsule
00 gyrus(1)
Lat. sulcus
Caudate nucleus, tail
Transverse temporal
−10
gyrus(2)
Choroid plexus
Supramarginal gyrus
−20
Sup. occipitofrontal Lat. ventricle, body
(2)
fasciculus
−30 Tapetum
Inf. sagittal sinus
Angular gyrus(1)
−40 Sup. temporal sulcus Straight sinus
Sup. longitudinal
−50 fasciculus(2) (2)
Cerebral falx
Corpus callosum,
splenium
−60 (2) Sup. sagittal sinus(2)
Angular gyrus
−70 Forceps major Lambdoid suture
Sulcus of corpus
callosum Spongy bone in
−80
Cingulum(2) occipital bone
Cingulate gyrus(2)
−90 Gyri of occipital lobe(1) Epicranial aponeurosis
Precuneus
Parietooccipital sulcus
Gyri of occipital lobe(2)
Cuneus
Posterior
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XVIII
*****
— Nyt niitä kutjakkeita taas tuli. Eivät malta enää yölläkään maata,
hunsvotit. Kahviakohan nuo nyt naukasevat vai ruokaa.
— Ketä ne olivat?
— Oli se sentään ruma teko, vetää toista niin nenästä, murisi yhä
Keikaus.
— Hyvää huoment'.
*****
— Hei.
— Meritautia, vai…?
— Niin.
— Etkö tuota tienne sinäkin jo, että minut on sanottu irti yhtiöstä.
— Kuulehan!
— No?
— Jaa, jaa,
— No?
— Se käy helposti, jos vain te sanotte sille, että minä olen aikonut
ottaa vakuutuksen.
— Ymmärrän.
Jussi Minkkisellä. Kuvakkeen kauppa-apulaisella oli Kerälle
vanhaa kaunaa ajoilta, jolloin Kerä oli ollut Nakkilassa konttoristina.
Kauna oli syntynyt siitä, että Kerä oli anastanut Minkkiseltä
mielitietyn, lihakauppias Mutikaisen tyttären, Annan, jonka Minkkinen
oli saanut suurella vaivalla ensin omakseen. Nyt oli hänellä sopiva
tilaisuus kostoon, ja samalla saisi hän tilaisuuden vapauttaa
isäntänsä painajaisesta ja itse tienata kympin. Mieluisempaa
tehtävää ei hänelle ollut koskaan uskottu.