Methods and Procedure

RC-102
Prepared by: Mylene A. Amparo, Joseph John H. Echaluce, Frances
Pauline L. Mateo, Marinel A. Grefaldeo,Gaylyn S. Robediso, Gretel Z.
Gan and Mary Joy B. Mantes. MAPE
Research Methods and Procedure
• How was the study conducted
• Who were the participants
• What data were collected and
• How you analyzed your data
• Allowing reader to evaluate the Validity and reliability
of the research
Research Methods and Procedure

A. By Purpose B. By Method
1. Basic or Pure 1. Historical
2. Applied 2. Descriptive
3. Action 3. Experimental
4. Causal- Comparative or Ex
Post Facto
Research Methods and Procedure
• A. By purpose
1. Basic or pure- tries to answer
fundamental questions about the
nature of behavior; conducted
primarily to test or arrive at
theory
Research Methods and Procedure
• A. By purpose
2. Applied- application of theory to

the solution of problems; conducted

to apply; test and evaluate the
usefulness of theory
Research Methods and Procedure
• A. By purpose
3. Action-feature of applied
research; aims to improve practices
Research Methods and Procedure
• B. By Method
1. Historical
2. Descriptive
3. Experimental
4. Causal-Comparative or Ex Post
Facto
Research Methods and Procedure
• B. By Method
1. Historical- to describe past events
or facts to make us understand
and appreciate our human nature
and uniqueness
Research Methods and Procedure
2. Descriptive- describe what is the
nature of a situation as it exists at
the time of the study and to explore
the causes of particular
phenomenon (Travers, 1978)
Research Methods and Procedure
2. Descriptive- involves collection of
data in order to test hypothesis or to
answer questions concerning the
current status of the subjects of the
study (Gay, 1976)
Research Methods and Procedure
3. Experimental- research in which one
intervenes or does something to one
group of people but not to another,
then compares results for the two
groups
Research Methods and Procedure
4. Causal-Comparative or Ex Post Facto-
“from after the fact”; the researchers
observes an effect and then tries to
determine the cause; no manipulation
of the independent variable
Research Methods and Procedure
Tips to Strenghten your Methodology
Tips #1. Objectives and research question
- Show your methods suit your
objectives
- convince the reader that you
choose the best approach to
answer the research questions
Research Methods and Procedure
Tips#2. Cite Sources
- To show how other researchers
have used these methods
-To support your methodological
choices
Research Methods and Procedure
Tips#3. Discuss obstacles
- explain how you dealt with
difficulties
- show how you minimized the
impact of obstacle
Research Methods and Procedure
Sources: https:// www. Scribbr.com,
dissertation
• Aquino, G. V.(1992). Fundamentals of
Research: Pasig City Philippines, National
Bookstore
• Fraenkel, J.R.(2003).How to design and
evaluate research in education 5th ed.
Philippines: McGraw Hill Companies