GROUP 7

ANGELICA MARIANO
THERESE DIVINE MATEO
ALYSSA GABRIELLE MERCADO
MIKAELA MOLINA

UNPACKING THE SELF PHIA NOVELA

SAMANTHA OAFERICUA
 A. Distinguish the difference between belief in spirits and belief in the
Holy Spirit.

• Every people have certain opinions on the things they belief in. One of which is the belief in
spirits, when we say spirits it is a supernatural existence of a being that includes the connection of
good and bad spirits. It can be in a form of a persons soul and others. While belief in Holy Spirit
comes with the relationship in the Christian Theology that they called the Third Person of Holy
Trinity. Unlike spirit, Holy spirits are considered as divine and holy. The healing, expelling of
demons and speaking tongues are the examples of the Holy Spirits doing.
 B. What is the relationship between religion and spirituality?

• People often thinks that religion and spirituality are the same but in fact they
have different meaning but has a connection to each other. Religion is a
specific religious beliefs shared by many people while spirituality is more on
self capacity to explore life and develop practices. Their relationship is
chained by one another as if your lack in spirit then your religion is useless
and vice versa. While having a well formed religion will help you develop
your spirituality personally.
C. Give at least 5 kinds of spiritual beliefs (animism) in the Philippines. What are the reasons
for having those spiritual beliefs?

• Talunanon - are believed to inhabit sacred trees, springs and other significant features of the natural
environment, all of which are treated with the utmost respect. Behaviors of speech, thought and action are
restricted in such holy places in order to honor or pacify the talunanon, and to maintain balance between the
Ati world and that of the spirits.
• Anito - also spelled anitu, refers to ancestor spirits, nature spirits, and deities in the indigenous Philippine folk
religions from the precolonial age to the present, although the term itself may have other meanings and
associations depending on the Filipino ethnic group. They believed that everything has a spirit, from rocks and
trees to animals and humans to natural phenomena.
• Babaylan - someone who has the ability to mediate with the spirit world, has her own spirit guides,
and is given gifts of healing, foretelling, and insight. It serves as intermediaries between spiritual
and material worlds in their communities.
• Shaman - someone who practices magic, foresees the future and cures illness. It acts as a medium
between the visible world and an invisible spirit world.
• Roman Catholic Christianity - Christian church that has been the decisive spiritual force in the
history of Western civilization. The Roman Catholic Church traces its history to Jesus Christ and
the Apostles.
 D. Give 10 functions of religion in developing the spiritual self?

1.) Religion serves as an emotional support and provides consolation since it is a sense of comfort to a person during
times of social and personal crises such as serious injury, death of loved ones, etc.
2.) Religion provides answers to ultimate questions such as “Why are we here on earth?”, “Is there a supreme being?”,
What happens after death?”, etc.
3.) Religion gives individuals a sense of identity since it enables them to cope effectively with the many doubts and
indignation of everyday life.
4.) Religion provides a system of beliefs which people gather to belong to something greater than themselves.
5.) Religion provides rites of passage in performing ceremonies and rituals which give meaning and a social significance
to our life.
6.) Religion strengthens self-confidence because it gives strength to the individual and boosts morale.
7.) Religion promotes welfare because of the influence of religious belief different organizations and
individuals engage themselves in various welfare activities.
8.) Religion serves as an agent of social change since it provides individuals with an unshakable
foundation of social criticism which later on becomes the basis of social change.
9.) Religion acts as a psychotherapy. Such a hopeful perception helps the people who are suffering in
alleviating his/her personal and social crisis.
10.) Psychologizing religion provides peace of mind, promises prosperity and success in life, as well as
effective and happy human relations.
E. Enumerate at least 5 functions of the political self.
 F. Explain the origin of the political self. Discuss how the family,
school, church, peer groups, and media affect the development of the
political Self.
 G. Identify current political issues in the Philippines and recount the circumstances that
led to the issues. As a citizen, what can you do to prevent the issues from recurring?
FREEDOM OF MEDIA
It started when CEO Maria Ressa was convicted by a court in Manila because of cyber libel. Additionally, the
Philippine Congress in which President Duterte, who manages a large majority, voted not to extend the
franchise of ABS-CBN—country’s largest television network. This led to the closure of ABS-CBN.
•MASS VACCINATION PROGRAM
The delays in vaccine appropriation because of the tight supply of the vaccines, the
government prioritize the groups and regions which will receive additional supplies.
However, due to the rise of new cases, many local officials expressed their complaints
regarding the slow and insufficient distribution of vaccines. As well as the hesitancy
of the Filipinos to be vaccinated considering their fears of its severe effects.
•POLITICAL KILLINGS, THREATS, HARASSMENT
The attacks against the activists and since 2015 human rights defenders and activists are being killed.
A new Anti-Terrorism Law was signed by President Duterte containing an overboard and vague
provisions that the government can use to unjustly target critics.
•DEATH PENALTY
In 2020, the Philippine government began to earnestly consider the law to reinstitute death penalty.
Due to the State of the Nation Address of President Duterte calls for capital punishment through
lethal injection to the drug offenders.
•COVID-19
As of the record, the Philippines had one of the highest numbers of confirmed of COVID-19 cases in
Southeast Asia. Consequently, Duterte Administration’s response to this issue has been led by the
military forces that resulted in human rights abuses. In addition to that the government has utilized
varying types of quarantines and lockdowns. Abuses were reported because of curfews and
overcrowded facilities heightening the risk of contracting the virus.
• As a Filipino citizen, I want a better country for the people to live in, a
country where there is no unjust behavior and abuse of power ruling.
That is why I must educate my fellow citizens about what is
happening to our country and the need for change because many
people are suffering due to our system. Even more so that the national
elections are fast-approaching, each and every one should use their
right to vote and vote for the person that is deserving of the position
who uses not just his/her mouth but does the job expected from
him/her.
8. Give at least three problems that ail Philippine political
system. Explain how these problems can affect your political
views and beliefs. Discuss your answers.
ROBLEMS THAT AIL PHILIPPINE POLITICAL SYSTEM
•POLITICAL DYNASTIES
For how many years now, it has been going on even up to now and this act of
political families monopolizing political power from generation to the next and
treating this as their personal property. This action of the politicians should stop
because this is not a possession but a responsibility to be done as person in position.
•CORRUPTION
Being in the position doesn’t give the right to the person to take the money of the
people because it shouldn’t be used for personal gain but for the good of the people.
As a politician, the people trusts your capabilities however, if you’re a corrupt
politician are you still deserving of their trust? Imagine the cost we paid because of
corruption whether in politically, socially, environmentally and economically.
• ABUSING OF POWER
Given the power to make the lives of the Filipino people better is what their job
entails not the other way around. Not by using the position of power to make
unjust advantage among individuals, organizations and government.
• POLITICIZING EVEN AMIDST THE PANDEMIC
During this time of pandemic, the people need a proper response to mitigate
spread of virus from the government. This is not the time to fight against
differences rather to come together amidst the differences and have one goal.
Therefore, the need to take action from the government for the welfare of all and
not just a few.
9. What are the basic ethical issues to consider when
sharing personal information in social networks?
Ethical Issues to consider:
•The internet probably has personal data about you
•Data about you are visible
•Most of Networking Companies are giving you service in exchange for your data
•Personal Data is kept for a long time, and you cannot get it back.
Most of us have been using technology for the longest time and it is not new to us
when other websites ask for our personal information such as our names, age,
birthdate, etc. As eager as we are in trying these websites and apps, we immediately
give away our personal information not knowing the ethical issues we might face or
get after using it. We should always remember to only give our personal information
to websites that are secured and to websites that are credible because with a lot of
hackers around, we will never know what problems we might get when giving away
our information.
10. Give 10 advantages of the Data Privacy Act of
2012?
● It protects the personal data of individuals who deal with offshore businesses.
● It prevents the dissemination of personal data to other people or most especially
to those businesses that make use of it.
● Confidentiality will be evident throughout your transaction with different
websites and services.
● Safety of the individual and their information will be secured.
● It imposes tighter requirements in the handling of personal data.
● Different organizations like banks, schools and workplaces are entitled
to comply with the Data Privacy Act.
●It provides privacy to the people who want to stay private and respects
the individual’s decision/ wish.
● It prevents people from using your information most especially for
unethical deeds.
●It brings about the feeling of safety and relief towards people who are
anxious with getting their information out of them.
● It brings out the best interest for the business owners/ service givers and
to their customers as well.
SOURCES/ REFERENCES:
• Question 3:
• https://www.aswangproject.com/understand-philippine-mythology-animism/
• https://artsandculture.google.com/entity/anito/g11f2wjbq4b?hl=en
• https://www.centerforbabaylanstudies.org/history
• https://filipinawomensnetwork.org/epahayagan/did-you-know-pre-colonial-philippines-longstanding-
tradition-of-women-leadership-and-mysticism
• https://www.britannica.com/topic/Roman-Catholicism
• Question 4:
• https://www.yourarticlelibrary.com/sociology/religious-institutions/religion-3-most-important-functions-of-
religion/31380
• https://www.preservearticles.com/articles/10-most-important-functions-of-religion/4473
• Question 7:
• https://www.hrw.org/world-report/2021/country-chapters/philippines
• https://cnnphilippines.com/news/2021/7/13/COVID-19-vaccination-Philippines-SONA-Duterte.html