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DIRECT PROPORTION

A ratio is a relationship between two quantities.

We use the following notation in writing the
ratio of two quantities a and b:
• read as “a over b;” or

• a:b read as “a is to b”
DIRECT PROPORTION
To illustrate the concept of ratio, consider this
situation. Suppose a vendor sells two baskets
of fruits. One baskets contains 50 mangoes
while the other contains 60 avocados. The ratio
of mangoes to avocados is
50 : 60 or
DIRECT PROPORTION
This ratio can be reduced in lowest
terms by dividing both terms of the
ratio by their GCF, as shown below:

= , or 5 : 6
DIRECT PROPORTION
Example 1:

Eunice wants to cook pancakes for her

children. She knows that an egg mixed
with a certain amount of flour can make 8
pancakes. What is the ratio of the number
of eggs to the number of pancakes?
 PROBLEM SOLVING INVOLVINNG RATIO
Six cups of flour is mixed with 2 cups
of sugar.
1. What is the number of cups of
sugar to that of flour?
2. What part of the mixture is flour?

Express your answer in lowest terms.

RATE
A rate is a comparison of two quantities
with the same different units– for
example, number of kilometers to number
of hours , number of feet to number of
seconds , or Philippine peso toUS dollar .
RATE
EXAMPLE 1

Joyce spend 32 minutes to make

pancakes for her children. What is her
rate in cooking pancakes ? Express
your answer in simplest form.
 PROBLEM SOLVING INVOLVING RATE

Aljon drives 6km to bring his daughter

to school. Their travel time usually
takes 0.5 hour. What is Aljon’s
driving rate ? Express your answer in
simplest form.
PROPORTION

When two ratios are equal, we may

write the equality in either of the
following notations :
PROPORTION

Such equality is called “PROPORTION”.

The outer terms a and d are called the
extremes, while the inner terms b and c
are called means. An important
property of any proportion is the cross-
product property.
PROPORTION

The cross-product property is useful

when one of the terms in a proportion
is unknown and we need to solve for
the value of that term.
SOLVE FOR THE VALUE OF X IN THE PROPORTIONS

1. = 3. =

2. = 4. =
PROBLEM COLVING INVOLVING PROPORTION

A shoemaker finishes 3 pairs f men’s

shoes for every 5 pairs of ladies shoes
that his son finishes. At the same rate,
if the shoemaker finishes 45 pairs of
men’s shoes how many pairs of ladies
shoes can his son finish ?
PROBLEM COLVING INVOLVING DIRECT PROPORTION

For every 2,000 jars that the company

ships, an average of3 jars break during
transit. If the company ships 10,000
jars, how many jars can be expected to
break during the transit?
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