Technological University of the Philippines

STATIC OF RIGID
BODIES
SYSTEM OF FORCES
(CLASSIFICATION)

Common methods when finding a specific

magnitude

The graphical method of adding vectors and

involves drawing vectors on a graph and the
use of some instruments like ruler, protractor
etc.

The Computational methods are

mathematical models used to numerically
study the behaviors of complex systems and
to solve fast, easier, reliable and efficient
 PRINCIPLE OF
BIOMECHANICS
(MOTION ANALYSIS)
TRIGONOMETRIC FORMULAS
(RESULTANT)
Finding the equivalent resultant of two given
forces when its at right triangle
F1 Using the Pythagorean theorem F1
𝑐 2=𝑎 2 +𝑏2
F2 𝑅2 = 𝐹 12+ 𝐹 2 2
F2
R
𝑅= √ 𝐹 + 𝐹
R 2 2
1 2
Finding the equivalent resultant of two given
forces when its at oblique triangle

F1 Using the Cosine Law F1

θ 𝑠θ 𝑐 2=𝑎 2 +𝑏2 − 2 𝑎𝑏𝑐𝑜𝑠𝐶
R
R
F2 𝑅2 =𝐹 12+ 𝐹 22 − 2 𝐹 1 𝐹 2 𝑐𝑜𝑠 𝜃 𝑠 F 2
θ𝑠
𝑅=√ 𝐹 +𝐹 −2𝐹 𝐹 𝑐𝑜𝑠𝜃
2 2
1 2 1 2 𝑠
BEARING AND DIRECTION
(AT CONCURRENT FORCES)

N
𝐹1 Example : find the bearing of the following forces
acting as shown
𝐹2
40° 𝑜 𝑜
60° 𝐹 1 = 𝑁 40 𝐹 𝐸
1 =40 𝐸 𝑜𝑓 𝑁
𝑜
𝐹 2= 𝑁 60 𝑜𝐹
𝑊 2 =60 𝑊 𝑜𝑓 𝑁
W E
𝑜
𝐹 3= 𝑆 30𝑜𝐹
𝑊 3 =30 𝑊 𝑜𝑓 𝑆
𝑜
50° 𝐹 4= 𝑆 50𝑜𝐹𝐸
4 = 50 𝐸 𝑜𝑓 𝑆

30°
𝐹4
𝐹3
S
SAMPLE PROBLEM
(RESULTANT)
1. An ice skater is propelling herself along a level horizontal ice field with a posterior force of 50 N and a
lateral force of 40 N. What is the resultant force of propulsion and angle ?

F1 =50 𝑁
𝑅2 = 𝐹 12+ 𝐹Using
2
the SOHCAHTOA we can find the angle of
𝜃 F = 40 𝑁 2

𝑅=√ 𝐹 + 𝐹
the resultant
2 2 2
R 1 2 𝑜𝑝𝑝𝑡𝑎𝑛 𝜃 =
𝑦
𝑡𝑎𝑛 𝜃 = 𝑥
𝑎𝑑𝑗
𝑅= √ 50 + 40
2 2
𝑦
𝑅 = √ 4100 𝜃 = tan − 1 (
𝑥
¿ )¿
𝑅 =64.03 𝑁 −1 40
𝜃 = tan ( ¿) ¿
50

ANS.
𝜃 =38.66 𝑜
 SAMPLE PROBLEM
(RESULTANT)
2. A sailboat moves 1200 m w/ 10 N due east followed by 1500 m w/ 13 N due northeast. What is the overall
resultant and displacement?

𝑹
𝟏𝟓𝟎𝟎𝒎 𝑭 𝟐=𝟏𝟑 𝑵
θ θ

𝟏𝟐𝟎𝟎𝒎 𝑭 𝟏=𝟏𝟎 𝑵

𝑑𝑖𝑠𝑝𝑙𝑎𝑐𝑒𝑚𝑒𝑛𝑡=√ 𝐹 + 𝐹 −2 𝐹 1 𝐹 2 𝑐𝑜𝑠𝜃 𝑠 𝑅=√ 𝐹 +𝐹 −2𝐹 1 𝐹 2 𝑐𝑜𝑠 𝜃 𝑠

2 2 2 2
1 2 1 2
𝑑𝑖𝑠 .=√ 1200 +1500 −2(1200)(1500) cos ⁡(180−𝑅=
45)√ 102 +132 −2(10)(13) cos ⁡(180 −
2 2

𝑑𝑖𝑠𝑝𝑙𝑎𝑐𝑒𝑚𝑒𝑛𝑡 =2497.12 𝑚𝑅 =21.28 𝑁

 SAMPLE PROBLEM
(RESULTANT)
2. A sailboat moves 1200 m w/ 10 N due east followed by 1500 m w/ 13 N due northeast. What is the overall
resultant and displacement?

𝑹
𝟏𝟓𝟎𝟎𝒎 𝑭 𝟐=𝟏𝟑 𝑵
θ θ
𝜽𝒓
𝟏𝟐𝟎𝟎𝒎 𝑭 𝟏=𝟏𝟎 𝑵 θ = 180 – 45 =135°
𝑠𝑖𝑛𝑔 𝑆𝑖𝑛𝑒 𝐿𝑎𝑤
𝑠𝑖𝑛 ( 𝑎 ) 𝑠𝑖𝑛 ( 𝑏 ) 𝑠𝑖𝑛 ( 𝑐 ) 13 21.28 𝑠𝑖𝑛 ⁡( 𝜃 𝑟 )=0.432
= = =
𝐴 𝐵 𝐶 𝑠𝑖𝑛 𝜃 𝑟 𝑠𝑖𝑛 ( 135𝜃𝑟=) 𝑠𝑖𝑛− 1 (0.432 )
𝐴 𝐵 𝐶 13 𝑠𝑖𝑛 ⁡(135 ) =25.59𝑜
= = 𝑠𝑖𝑛 𝜃
𝑠𝑖𝑛 ( 𝑎 ) 𝑠𝑖𝑛 ( 𝑏 ) 𝑠𝑖𝑛 ( 𝑐 ) ⁡( 𝜃 𝑟 )= 21.28
𝑟
COMPONENT METHOD
(X-Y COMPONENT)
This method use when two or more forces acting on a plane

𝐹 𝑛𝑒𝑡 = √ Σ 𝐹 + Σ 𝐹
y
2 2
𝐹1 𝑥 𝑦
Where :
𝐹2 Σ 𝐹 𝑥 =𝑡𝑜𝑡𝑎𝑙 𝑓𝑜𝑟𝑐𝑒𝑠 𝑎𝑙𝑜𝑛𝑔 h𝑜𝑟𝑖𝑧𝑜𝑛𝑡𝑎𝑙
𝜃2 Σ 𝐹 𝑥 = 𝐹 1 𝑐𝑜𝑠 𝜃 1+ 𝐹 2 𝑐𝑜𝑠 𝜃 2 + 𝐹 3 𝑐𝑜𝑠 𝜃 3
𝜃1 Σ 𝐹 𝑦 =𝑡𝑜𝑡𝑎𝑙 𝑓𝑜𝑟𝑐𝑒𝑠 𝑎𝑙𝑜𝑛𝑔 𝑣𝑒𝑟𝑡𝑖𝑐𝑎𝑙
Σx 𝐹 𝑦 = 𝐹 1 𝑠𝑖𝑛 𝜃 1 + 𝐹 2 𝑠𝑖𝑛 𝜃 2+ 𝐹 3 𝑠𝑖𝑛 𝜃 3
𝜃3 Σ𝐹𝑦 −1 Σ 𝐹 𝑦
𝑡𝑎𝑛 𝜃 = 𝜃 = tan
Σ 𝐹𝑥 Σ 𝐹𝑥

𝐹3
SAMPLE PROBLEM Solution :
Σ 𝐹 𝑥 = 𝐹 1 𝑐𝑜𝑠 𝜃 1+ 𝐹 2 𝑐𝑜𝑠 𝜃 2 + 𝐹
(USING X-Y COMPONENT METHOD)
Σ 𝐹 𝑥 =30 𝑐𝑜𝑠 37 𝑜+50 𝑐𝑜𝑠 135 𝑜+ 80 𝑐
Find the net force and direction of a given forces
Σ 𝐹 𝑥 =− 51.396
Σ 𝐹 𝑦 = 𝐹 1 𝑠𝑖𝑛 𝜃 1 + 𝐹 2 𝑠𝑖𝑛 𝜃 2+ 𝐹
Σ 𝐹 𝑦 =30 𝑠𝑖𝑛 37𝑜 +50 𝑠𝑖𝑛135𝑜 +80 𝑠𝑖𝑛240 𝑜
Σ 𝐹 𝑦 =−15.872 𝑙𝑏

𝐹 𝑛𝑒𝑡 = √ Σ 𝐹 +Σ 𝐹
2 2
𝑥 𝑦
= √ (− 51.396 ) + ( −15.872 )
2 2
𝐹 𝑛𝑒𝑡
𝐹 𝑛𝑒𝑡 =53.79 𝑙𝑏
−1 Σ 𝐹𝑦
𝜃 = tan
Σ 𝐹𝑥
−1 − 15.872
𝜃 = tan 𝜃 =17.162 o
− 51.396
𝑏 𝑒𝑙𝑜𝑤 𝑛𝑒𝑔𝑎𝑡𝑖𝑣𝑒 𝑥 − 𝑎𝑥𝑖𝑠
CONDITIONS OF STATICS
(THE EQUILIBRIUM SYSTEM)
This condition implies to a general application of forces
Set :
Σ 𝐹 𝑥 =𝑡𝑜𝑡𝑎𝑙 𝑓𝑜𝑟𝑐𝑒𝑠 𝑎𝑙𝑜𝑛𝑔 h𝑜𝑟𝑖𝑧
Σ 𝐹 𝑥 = 𝐹 1 𝑐𝑜𝑠 𝜃 1+ 𝐹 2 𝑐𝑜𝑠 𝜃 2 + 𝐹 3 𝑐
Σ 𝐹 𝑥 =0

Σ 𝐹 𝑦 =𝑡𝑜𝑡𝑎𝑙 𝑓𝑜𝑟𝑐𝑒𝑠 𝑎𝑙𝑜𝑛𝑔 𝑣𝑒𝑟𝑡

Σ 𝐹 𝑦 = 𝐹 1 𝑠𝑖𝑛 𝜃 1 + 𝐹 2 𝑠𝑖𝑛 𝜃 2+ 𝐹 3 𝑠
Σ 𝐹 𝑦 =0
Σ 𝑀 @ 𝑎𝑛𝑦 𝑝𝑜𝑖𝑛𝑡 =𝑡𝑜𝑡𝑎𝑙 𝑚𝑜𝑚𝑒𝑛𝑡 𝑎𝑡 𝑎𝑛𝑦 𝑝𝑜𝑖𝑛𝑡
Σ 𝑀 @ 𝑎𝑛𝑦 𝑝𝑜𝑖𝑛𝑡 =0
Σ 𝑀 @ 𝑎𝑛𝑦 𝑝𝑜𝑖𝑛𝑡 =𝑐𝑙𝑜𝑐𝑘𝑤𝑖𝑠𝑒 𝑜𝑟 𝑐𝑜𝑢𝑛𝑡𝑒𝑟𝑐𝑙𝑜𝑐𝑘𝑤𝑖
SAMPLE PROBLEM
(APPLICATION)
1. Find the tensions , in the ropes shown so that the
system is in equilibrium.
There are two possible solution :
𝑇1 1. Using trigonometric formula
60𝑜 𝑇2

𝑇1 𝑐 2=𝑎2 +𝑏2
𝑊 𝑊 =80 𝑁 𝑇 12=𝑇 22+𝑊 2
45 𝑜
𝑇 22=𝑇 21 −𝑊 2
45𝑁 𝑇2

𝑠𝑖𝑛 θ=
𝑜𝑝𝑝 𝑊
=
𝑇 2=√ 𝑇 −𝑊
2
1
2

𝑇1 h𝑦𝑝 𝑇 1
𝑇 =√ (113.14 ) −(80)
2 2

45 𝑜 𝑇2 80
2
𝑠𝑖𝑛 45 𝑜= 𝑇 2=80 𝑁
𝑇1
𝑊 𝑇 1 =113.14 𝑁
SAMPLE PROBLEM
(APPLICATION)
Find the tensions , in the ropes shown so that the
system is in equilibrium.
2. Using static condition
𝑇1 Σ 𝐹 𝑥 =0 Σ 𝐹 𝑦 =0
45 𝑜 𝑇2
𝑇 1 +𝑇 2=0 𝑇 1 +(− 𝑊 )=0
𝑊 𝑇 1 𝑐𝑜𝑠 135+𝑇 2=0 𝑇 1 𝑠𝑖𝑛 135− 80=0
113.14 𝑐𝑜𝑠 135+𝑇 2=0 𝑇 1 =113.14 𝑁
80 𝑁 𝑇 2=80 𝑁

𝑇1
45 𝑜 𝑇2

𝑊
SAMPLE PROBLEM
(APPLICATION)
2. The system in figure as shown is in equilibrium with
the string in the center exactly horizontal. Find the
tensions .
SAMPLE PROBLEM
(APPLICATION)
Solution :
From junction (a)
Σ 𝐹 𝑥 =0 Σ 𝐹 𝑦 =0
𝑇 1 +𝑇 2=0 𝑇 1 +(− 𝑊 )=0
𝑇 1 𝑐𝑜𝑠 125+𝑇 2=0 𝑇 1 𝑠𝑖𝑛 125− 40=0
48.83 𝑐𝑜𝑠125+𝑇 2=0 𝑇 1 =48.83 𝑁
𝑇 2=28 𝑁

From junction (b)

𝑠𝑖𝑛 𝜃 28
Σ 𝐹 𝑥 =0 Σ 𝐹 𝑦 =0 𝑡𝑎𝑛𝜃= 𝑇 3= θ=90 𝑜 − 𝜃 3
𝑐𝑜𝑠 𝜃 𝑐𝑜𝑠 𝜃
−𝑇 2+ 𝑇 3 =0 𝑇 3+(−𝑊 )=0
28 𝑡𝑎𝑛 𝜃 3 − 50=0 28 θ=90 𝑜 − 60.75𝑜
−28+𝑇 3 𝑐𝑜𝑠 𝜃 3=0 𝑇 3 𝑠𝑖𝑛 𝜃3 −50=0 𝑇 3=
28 50 𝑐𝑜𝑠 60.75
𝑜
θ=2 9.25𝑜
𝑇 3 𝑐𝑜𝑠 𝜃3=28 𝑠𝑖𝑛 𝜃3 −50=0 𝑡𝑎𝑛 𝜃 3= 28
𝑐𝑜𝑠 𝜃 3 𝑇 3=57.31 𝑁
28 28 𝑠𝑖𝑛 𝜃3 − 1 50 𝑜
𝑇 3= 𝜃 =tan =60.75
𝑐𝑜𝑠 𝜃 3 − 50=0 3
28
𝑐𝑜𝑠 𝜃 3
SEAT WORK 2(=QUIZ NO.1) y
(USING X-Y COMPONENT METHOD) 𝐹 1 =50 𝑁
Instruction : show your solution
BOX THE FINAL ANSWER 𝐹 2=45 𝑁
𝜃2
1.The five forces shown act at point A. what is the
magnitude and direction of the resultant 𝜃1
x
𝐹 4=20 𝑁
2. Find the tensions , in the ropes shown so that the
𝜃3
system is in equilibrium. 𝜃 1=50 𝑜
𝜃 2=150 𝑜
𝑇1 𝜃 3= 245𝑜
45 𝑜
𝑇2 𝐹 3=30 𝑁
15 𝑜
𝑊

80 𝑁