Chapter 01-Reproduction in

Organisms
By,
Anjali Aithal
Introduction
• What are the life processes that define a living being?
• MRS GREN

• What is a life cycle?

• the series of changes in the life of an organism including reproduction.

• What is a life span?

• The period from birth to natural death is known as life span
• Doesn’t corelate with the size of the organism
• No immortality except in unicellular organisms where natural death is not found

• What is reproduction and why is it necessary?

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Reproduction
• Reproduction is the process by which every organism ensures its continuity

• It is the process through which organisms produce young ones, which in turn mature to give rise to their young ones

Reproductio
n

Asexual Sexual
reproduction reproduction
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Asexual reproduction
• In this type, a single parent can produce offspring.

• The produced offspring are clones of each other i.e identical to each other
morphologically and genetically and to the parent.

• It is commonly seen in unicellular organisms belonging to protista and monera.

• Binary fission
• Budding

• Also seen in plants (vegetative propagation)

• Here, the cell division itself is the mode of reproduction .

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 Means of Asexual reproduction

Budding
Eg: yeast

Binary Fission
Eg: Amoeba
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Formation of specialized structures
• Conidia − (Example: Penicillium)
• Gemmules − (Example: Sponges)
• Buds − (Example: Hydra)
• Zoospores − Microscopic, motile spores (Example:
Algae)

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Vegetative reproduction in plants
• Vegetative propagation − means of asexual reproduction in plants.
Different structures are capable of giving rise to new plants.
• ○ Runner − (Example: Grass)
• ○ Rhizome − (Example: Ginger)
• ○ Sucker− (Example: Mint, Chrysanthemum)
• ○ Tuber − (Example: Potato)
• ○ Offset− (Example: Eichhornia, Pistia)
• ○ Bulb − (Example: Onion)

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Spore formation (Sporulation)
• Under unfavourable condition the Amoeba withdraws its pseudopodia and secretes a three
layered hard covering or cyst around it self. This phenomenon is called encystation.

• When favourable conditions returns, the encysted Amoeba divides by multiple fission and
produces many minute Amoeba or pseudopodiospores; the cyst wall burst out and spores
are liberated in the surrounding medium to grow up into many amoebae. This
phenomenon is known as sporulation.

• In some organisms , if the body breaks into distinct pieces(fragments) each fragment
grows up into an adult capable of producing offspring(e.g Hydra). This mode of asexual
reproduction is known as fragmentation.

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