BIODIVERSITY ANIMALS

BIODIVERSITEIT DIERE
Animalia word verdeel in 2 hoof groepe:
Gewerweldes en Ongewerweldes
Animalia is devided in 2 main groups:
Vertebrates and Invertebrate
 Filum Porifera - Sponse
Phylum Porifera- Sponges
Aquatic- Living in water Akwaties- Leef in water

No tissue – function at cellular Geen weefsel- funksioneer op

level of organization sellulêre vlak van organisasie
Asymmetrical- No cephalisation Asimmetries – Geen kefalisasie

No gut openings Geen svk openinge nie

Sessile (sedentary) Sessiel (sittend)

Vase shape – Vaasvorming –

Osculum (large opening on top) oskulum (groot opening bo)
Feed by filtering out floating Voed deurdrywende deeltjies uit
particles from the water column. die waterkolom te filtreer.
Pores in the side walls Porië in sywande

Spongocoel (Large central cavity) Spongosoel (groot sentrale holte)

–Acoelomate
Collar cells (specialized cells) =
has flagellum , sweeping
movement to circulate water
trough the pores and out the
osculum. The collar cells filter and
traps food particles.
– Aselomaties
Kraagselle( gespesialiseerdeselle)
= het fagellum, vee bewegings om
water deur porie te sirkuleer en
uit by oskulum.
Die kraagselle filtreer en vang
kosdeeltjies vas.

Body made of millions of spicules Liggaam word opgemaak deur

which protect and support the miljoene spikulas (sponsnaalde)
sponge. wat die spons beskerm en
ondersteun.
Natural bath sponge= skeleton of Natuurlikebadspons= Skelet van
porifera porifera
Eg Jelly fish, blue bottles, sea Bv Jellievisse, bloublasies, see
anemones, corals forming reeves, anemone, koraal vorm riwwe,
hydra hidra

Radial symmetry Radiale simmetrie

Diploblastic with jelly like Diploblasties met jellieagtige

mesoglea
Tissue level of organization –
specialized cells =Stinging cells
(nematoblasts) secrete toxin to
paralyze prey, filaments with barb
to hold on to prey
mesoglea
Weefselvlak van organisasie–
gespesialiseerde selle= Netelselle
(nematosiete/blaste) skei
toksiene af wat prooi verlam,
filament met hakkie hou aan
prooi vas
Acoelomate
Central cavity (Coelentron) with
mouth opening
Filled with water = hydrostatic
skeleton, transport, digestion of
food
Undigested food leaves through
mouth opening
No transport system
Protein-like or calcerous skeleton
in corals
Aselomaties
Sentrale holte (Selentron) met
mondopening
Gevul met water = hidrostatiese
skelet, vervoer, verteer kos
Onverteerde voedsel verlaat deur
mond opening
Geen vervoersisteem
Proteienagtige of kalsium skelet in
koraal
2 basic body forms: 2 basiese liggaamvorme:

•Polyp –sessile, mouth opening •Poliep–sessile, mond opening bo

on top with tentacles eg sea met tentakels bv see anemone,
anemones, hydra hidra

•Medusa –free swimming, •Medusa –vryswemmend,

umbrella shape with mouth sambreelvormig met
opening on bottom between mondopening onder tussen
tentacles eg jelly fish, blue bottles tentakels bv jellievisse en
bloublasies

https://youtu.be/-UI531GMRTM

https://youtu.be/nI8A61uqybw
Flatworms –dorso ventrally flattened Platwurms–dorso ventraal afgeplat

Free living –lives in water, parasites –lives in Vrylewend–lewe in water, parasities–lewe in

host body gasheerliggaam

Organ level of organization Orgaanvlak van organisasie

Triploblastic Triploblasties

Acoelomate Aselomaat

Cephalisation Kefalisasie

Bilateral symmetry Bilaterale simmetrie

Blind ending gut – not a through gut Blinde einde SVK – nie deurlopende svk

No transport system –nutrients travel Geen vervoerstelsel–voedingstowwe beweeg

through digestive tract, gasses through deur SVK, gasse deur diffusie
diffusion
FLAT WORM –
Free living
PLATWURM -
Vrylewend
TAPEWORM – Endo parasite
LINTWURM - Endoparasiet
Home work
Solutions / Almal Verstaan pg 102
Activity 5
Segmented worms eg earthworms Gesegmenteerde wurms bv erdwurms

Bilateral symmetry Bilaterale simmetrie

Cephalisation Kefalisasie

Triploblastic Triploblasties

Coelomate filled with fluid= hydrostatic Seloom gevul met vloeistof= hidrostatiese
skeleton skelet

Well developed organs Goed ontwikkelde organe

Through gut Deurlopende SVK

No gaseous exchange organs –happen by Geen gaswisselings organe–gebeur deur

diffusion through the body wall (skin) liggaamswand (vel) deur diffusie

Has bloodvessels–closed blood system Het bloedvate–geslote bloedvloeistelsel

Excretory system –nephridia–excrete Uitskeidingstelsel–nefridiums–skei

nitrogenous waste stikstofhoudende afval af
Arthropoda (jointed legs) –more Artropoda (geledepote) –meer
efficient movements effektiewe beweging

Larges phylum Grootste filum

Exoskeleton of chitin (leathery) Eksoskelet van chitien (leer-agtig)

Crustaceans is hardened by Crustasea is verhard deur kalsium

calcium carbonate karbonaat

Segmented body Gesegmenteerde liggaam

Insects –3 segments ( head, Insekte–3 segmente( kop, toraks,

thorax, abdomen) abdomen)

Spiders –2 segments Spinnekoppe–2 segmente

(Cephalothorax and abdomen) (kefalotoraks en abdomen)
Bilateral symmetry Bilaterale simmetrie

Cephalisation Kefalisasie

Compound of simple eyes, antennae Saamgestelde en enkelvoudige oë,

antenna

Through gut DeurlopendeSVK

Triploblastic Triploblasties

Coelomate – blood filled Haemocoel Selomaties – bloed gevulde Haemosoel

Haemocoel= open blood system with Haemosoel = oop bloedvloeistelsel met
organs organe

Nervous system Senustelsel

Gaseous exchange organs – Gaswisselings organe–

tracheae in insects, tragea in insekte,
gills in crustaceans, kieue in crustasea,
book lungs in spiders. boeklonge in spinnekoppe.
See page 106
Solutions
Label
• Notochord: A rod of cells along the dorsal side
of a chordate’s embryo
• Notochord: ‘n staaf selle al langs die dorsale
kant van die chordate se embrios

Home work
Solutions / Almal Verstaan pg 107-108
Activity 8 Q1-8
 Body Reproductio Breathing Temperature Other features
Cover n
Fish Scales External Gills Ectothermic Swim bladder
Lay soft eggs Cold blooded Fins to swim
Amphibia Moist skin External Gills as Ectothermic Larvae stages in
Lay soft eggs larvae Cold blooded water
Lungs & Adult on land
Skin as
adult
Reptile Scaly skin Internal Lungs Ectothermic Simple teeth with
Lay soft eggs Cold blooded no living tissue

Bird Skin with Internal Lungs Endothermic Wings and beaks

feathers Lay hard Warm blooded with no teeth
eggs
Mammal Skin and Internal Lungs Endothermic Young drink milk
Hair or Fur No eggs Warm blooded from milk glands
Except
Monotrems
 Liggaams Voortplan Asemhaling Temperatuur Ander
bedekking ting eienskappe
Vis Skubbe Uitwendig Gills Ektotermies Swemblaas
Lê sagte Koudbloedig Swem met vinne
eiers
Amfibieë Klam vel Uitwendig Gills as Ektotermies Larwe stadium in
Lê sagte larvae Koudbloedig water
eiers Lungs & Volwassene op
Skin as land
adult
Reptiele Skubagtige Inwendig Lungs Ektotermies Eenvoudige tande
vel Lê sagte Koudbloedig met geen
eiers lewendige
weefsel
Voëls Vel met Inwendig Lungs Endotermies Vlerke met
vere Lê harde Warmbloedig snawels sonder
eiers tande.
Soogdiere Vel en Inwendig Lungs Endotermies Kleintjies drink
hare of Geen eiers Warmbloedig melk van melk
pels Behalwe kliere
Monotrems
Home work
Answer series Unit 4
Question 5, 7 and 9

Huiswerk
Antwoord reeks Eenheid 4
Vraag 5 , 7 en 9
 ROLE OF INVERTEBRATES IN
AGRICULTURE AND ECOSYSTEMS
ROL VAN INVERTEBRATE IN
LANDBOU EN DIE EKOSISTEEM
• Pollination – Insects like honeybees and
butterflies act as pollinators.
• Without pollination no food production can take
place
• Bestuiwing – Insekte soos bye en skoenlappers
tree op as bestuiwers
• Sonder bestuiwers kan geen voedsel produksie
plaasvind
• Decomposition – Invertebrates like beetles, flies,
earthworms breaks down dead plant and animal
matter to simpler chemical substances which are
released into the soil and made available to
plants.
• Ontbinding – Invertebrate soos kewers, vliee,
erdwurms breek dooie plant en diermateriaal of
tot eenvoudiger chemiese stowwe wat in die
grond vrygestel kan word vir plante om te
gebruik.
• Aerating the soil – Earthworms, ants and termites
dig underground tunnels. This digging loosens the
soil and traps more air between the soil particles,
which makes it easier for water to infiltrate the
soil.

• Belugting van grond – Erdwurms, miere en

termiete grou ondergrondse tonnels. Die grou
van tonnels maak die grond los en plaas lug
tussen die grond deeltjies wat dit makliker maak
vir water om die grond in te filtreer.
Home work
Answer series Unit 4
Question 10 and 11

Huiswerk
Antwoord reeks Eenheid 4
Vraag 10 en 11