I -Ñ-Ø√-úø’ í∫’®Ω’¢√®Ωç 8 -ÂÆ°dç-•®Ω’ 2005

Ravi: Hi Rahul, going somewhere? a) We have classes in the morning everyday

( £æ…-ß˝’ ®√£æ›-™ ¸, -áéπ\-úÕÈéj-Ø√ ¢Á∞¡Ÿ- except on the morning of Sunday.
ûª’-Ø√o-¢√?) b) The accident took place in the evening, it
Rahul: I am on my way to class. was on the evening of last Saturday, the
(Class èπ◊ ¢Á∞¡Ÿ-ûª’-Ø√o†’) 29th.
Ravi: So early? Kumar: How do I go to Learnwell College
( Éçûª §Òü¿’l-ØËoØ√?) from here?
Rahul: Yes. Our Classes are in the morning Learnwell College
(Ééπ\-úÕ-†’ç* éÀ
from 7. ᙫ ¢Á∞«}L?
(´÷Classes Öü¿ßª’ç àúÕç-öÀéÀ) Kamala: You have been here for the past 15
Ravi: But I saw you at the temple on the days. Strange that you don't know c) During this period he has changed a lot Kushal: When did the meeting begin?
morning of the 15th. the way yet. (Ñ Ø√©’Íí-∞¡x-™ Åûªúø’ î√™« ´÷J-§Ú-ߪ÷úø’) (Meeting á°æ¤púø’ begin Å®·çC?)
(15 ´ û√Kê’ §Òü¿’l† E†’o í∫’úÕ™ 15
(†’´¤y ®ÓV-©’í¬ Ééπ\úø’-Ø√o´¤ éπü∆? Officer: When did you take your degree? Koushik: (At) about 6.30 in the evening

®Ó-V-© -´·ç-ü¿’ in.. on

îª÷¨»†’ ´’J) ü∆J ûÁL-ߪ’-éπ-§Ú-´úøç N*-vûª¢Ë’) (O’®Ω’ úÕvU á°æ¤púø’ BÆæ’-èπ◊-Ø√o®Ω’?) (≤ƒßª’çvûªç 6.30, Ç v§ƒçûªç™)
Kushal: When did it end?
(á°æ¤púø’ ´·T-ÆœçC?)
Koushik: Around 8. (8, Ç v§ƒçûªç™)
About, Around, ÅØË Ñ prepositions of
time, ü∆ü∆°æ¤, ÅØË Å®ΩnçûÓ time †’ ûÁLÊ° ´÷ô-©-
´·çü¿’ ¢√úøû√ç.
a) ؈’ Åéπ\úø ü∆ü∆°æ¤ Å®Ω-í∫çô ÖØ√o†’
Rahul: Yes. The 15th was a Saturday. We I was there for about half an hour.
Candidate: In April 2000 (April 2000 ™)
did not have classes on the morning b) Ç¢Á’ 2002 ´®Ωèπ◊ ü∆ü∆°æ¤ È®çúË∞¡Ÿx teacher í¬
Officer: What have you been doing
of Saturday. °æE-îË-ÆœçC.
since then?
(15
classes
´ ûËD ¨¡E-¢√®Ωç. -Ç®Ó-V §Òü¿’l† ´÷èπ◊ -Ççí∫x-¶µ«-≠æ-ù 44 (Å°æpöÀ †’ç*– Since then - She worked as a teacher for about/
™‰´¤)
O’Í®ç îËÆæ’h-Ø√o®Ω’?) around two years till 2002.
Ravi: You were planning to go home,
Candidate: I was a teacher for two years c) We reached home (at) about 1.30
when are you leaving? Kumar: No, not 15
upto 2002. ¢Ë’´· ü∆ü∆°æ¤ 1.30 éÀ ÉçöÀéÀ îË®√ç.
(ÉçöÀéÀ ¢Á∞«}-©-†’-èπ◊-Ø√o´¤ éπü∆, á°æ¤púø’ days. I have
¢Á∞¡Ÿ-ûª’-Ø√o´¤?) been here only
Since then I have been a õ„jç expression- 6 O' Clock, 5.30, 2.00
Software Programmer. (AM/ PM)- OöÀ-´·çü¿’ ü∆ü∆°æ¤ Ç time èπ◊ ÅE
Rahul: Yes, on the evening of the 25th since last
(Å´¤†’, 25 ≤ƒßª’çvûªç) Sunday. Only (2002 ´®Ωèπ◊ È®çúË-∞¡x-§ƒô’ teacher îÁ°æp-ú≈-EéÀ at about Åçö«®Ω’. ™‰èπ◊çõ‰ at ´C-™‰Æœ
Ravi: How do you spend your evenings? 5 days. í¬ ÖØ√o†’. Å°æp-öÀ-†’ç* Software Íé´©ç about èπÿú≈ ¢√úø’-ûª’çö«ç.
(F´¤ ≤ƒßª’ç-vû√©’ àç îËÆæ’hçö«´¤?) (ÅüËçé¬ü¿’. ؈’ Programmer í¬ ÖØ√o†’ (É°æp-öÀ ã period of time ´·çü¿’ 'over' ´ÊÆh °jí¬
Rahul: Usually I go for a long walk in the Ééπ\úø §Ú®·† M. SURESAN -´-®Ωèπ◊/ Éçé¬) ÅE Å®Ωnç.
evening ÇC-¢√®Ωç †’çîË Officer: During your period as Software Bhaskar: How long were you there yester-
(≤ƒßª’çvûªç ≤ƒ´÷†uçí¬ ¢√éÀç-í˚èπ◊ ¢Á∞¡Ÿ- éπü∆ Ö†oC. Åçõ‰ 5 ®ÓV™‰) Programmer what computer day?
ûª’ç-ö«†’) Kamala: And what have you been doing skills have you used? (E†o †’´¤y Åéπ\úø áçûª-ÊÆ-°æ¤-Ø√o´¤?)
Ééπ\úÕ Prepositions í∫´’-EçîªçúÕ. in (the during the 5 days? (Software Programmer í¬ Ö†o 鬩ç™, à Bhavan: For over an hour (= for more than
morning), on (the morning of saturday), in (´’J Ñ âü¿’-®Ó-V™x †’´¤y îËÆœçüËN’öÀ?) computer skills O’®Ω’ ¢√ú≈®Ω’?) an hour = í∫çô-èπ◊-°jí¬).
(the evening), on the (the evening of the Kumar: During these five days I have been É™« for, since, during ÅØË prepositions of Bhaskar: When did he come?
25th) etc. busy buying books, clothes etc. time †’ ¢√úø-û√®Ω’. ´·êuçí¬ since ¢√úÕ-†-°æ¤púø’
prepositions of time: for,
(Åûªúø’ á°æ¤p-úÌ-î√aúø’?)
éÀçü¿öÀ lesson ™ ´’†ç îª÷ÆœçC Ñ Ææ綵«-≠æ-ù™ ü∆ü∆°æ¤ á°æ¤púø÷ èπÿú≈ verb, have been/ has Bhavan: It was over five when he came.
Prepositions of time. Éçûª-´-®Ωèπ◊ ´’†ç ûÁ©’-Ææ’-èπ◊- since, during. been; have + past participle/ has + Past par-
for the past 15 days - 15 (Åûªúø’ ´îËa-Ææ-JéÀ 5 ü∆öÀçC.)
†oC.. 1) at, time
éπ*aûªçí¬ °∂晫Ø√ ÅE ûÁLÊ° ®ÓV-©’í¬ ticiple form
™ØË Öçö«®·. áçü¿’-éπçõ‰ °∂晫Ø√
Since last Sunday - last sunday
†’ç* Corrections:
´÷ô© ´·çü¿’; 2) on, days and dates ´·çü¿’, õ„jç †’ç* É°æp-öÀ-´-®Ω-èπ◊-í¬F, Éçé¬ ÅEí¬F Å®Ωnç
During these 5 days -
Ñ âü¿’ ®ÓV™x Spoken English 43 :
3) in, months and years ´·çü¿’ ÅE. 4) in, 鬕öÀd. (6.9.2005 Ææç-*éπ)™
'for'
äéπ period of time
´·çü¿’ ´Ææ’hçC. for an
Column line
´u´Cµ (a period of time) †’ ûÁLÊ° hour, for a day, for 10 days .
a) Delhi has been the capital of India since
¢Á·ü¿öÀ *´®Ω, *´J ™ ''Oô-Eoç-
(°æC ®ÓV-©’í¬) prepositions of place and position-
öÀF
´÷ô©´·çü¿’ ¢√úøû√ç. the time of the Pandavas
ÅüË since
Åçõ‰ í∫ûªç™ ã Æ洒ߪ’ç †’ç* ÅE. Åçõ‰ v°æüË-¨»-©†’ ´’E≠œ/ ´Ææ’h-´¤©’ Ö†o îÓôx†’
'In' °æ‹ô© (Parts of the day) ´·çü¿’ èπÿú≈
since 1999 (1999 †’ç*) (§ƒçúø-´¤© é¬©ç †’ç* ¶µ«®Ω-û˝èπ◊ úµÕMx ®√ï-üµ∆-Eí¬ ûÁL-Ê°N Åçö«ç—— ÅE ´*açC. Åçü¿’èπ◊ •ü¿’©’
¢√úøû√ç. since he last saw me ÖçC– Åçõ‰ Éçé¬ ÅE èπÿú≈.) ''Oô-Eoç-öÀE Prepositions of time—— ÅE
In the morning, in the evening, in the b) India was under the British rule during the îªü¿’-´¤-éÓ-¢√L.
(¢√úø’ ††’o îª÷Æœ-†-°æpöÀ†’ç*).
after noon, in the night or at night. a) India has been independent for the past 18th, 19th and part of the 20th Centuries
Last Column 5´ ™„jØ˛™ – Kumar: (Over to
Krishna: When do you get up? 58 years. (18, 19 ¨¡û√-¶«l©’, 20´ ¨¡û√•lç™ éÌçûª-´-®Ωèπ◊ Phone) •ü¿’©’ (Over Phone) ÅE Öçú≈L.

Ñ éÀçC Vocabulary îª÷úøçúÕ Å†o Line éÀçü¿
(F´¤ á°æ¤púø’ Evü¿ ™‰≤ƒh´¤?) b) India has been independent since 1947 ¶µ«®Ωû˝ British §ƒ©-†™ ÖçC.
Kesav: At 5 in the morning a) b) ¢√é¬u-©èπ◊ Å®Ωnç äéπõ‰. Å®·ûË– Ééπ-§ÚûË about, around, prepositions of ''É´Fo í∫’ù«-©†’ ûÁL-Ê°N—— ÅØË •ü¿’©’ ''OöÀ™
a) No. 1) í∫’ù«Eo, No. 2) and 3) °æ†’-©†’ ûÁL-
(Öü¿ßª’ç âCç-öÀéÀ) ¶µ«®Ωû˝ áØËo-∞¡Ÿxí¬ Ææyûªçvûª-üË-¨¡çí¬ Ö†oüÓ time í¬ ¢√úø’-éπ™  ÖØ√o®·.
Krishna: When do you usually have lunch? îÁ•’-ûÓçC. Ê°N—— ÅE îªü¿’-´¤-éÓ-¢√L.
(Lunch á°æ¤púø’ îË≤ƒh´¤?)
Kesav: In the afternoon between 1.00 and
b) ¶µ«®Ωû˝ á°æp-öÀ-†’ç* Ææyûªç-vûªçí¬ Ö†oüÓ
v°æ¨¡o: Ø√èπ◊ Active Voice, Passive éÀ Ææç•ç-Cµç* äéπ doubt ÖçC. I shall do my
îÁ•’-ûÓçC éπü∆. home work passive
èπ◊ ®Ω÷°æç Öçô’çC. é¬E I shall go to market.. ™«çöÀ
1.30 Period of time èπ◊ ´·çü¿’ 'for', Passive voice
¢√é¬u-©èπ◊ Öçúøü¿’. 鬮Ωùç àN’öÀ? N´-Jç-îªçúÕ.
(´’üµ∆u£æ«oç 1, 1.30èπ◊ ´’üµ¿u) point of time (°∂晫Ø√ í∫çô †’ç*/ ®ÓV †’ç*/ – N.íı-ûªN’, û√öÀ-°æLx, éπKç-†-í∫®˝ >™«x
í∫´’-Eç-îªçúÕ. °æ‹ô© (Parts of the day)
´·çü¿’ in ¢√úø-úø¢Ë’ é¬èπ◊çú≈, morning, evening
Ææç´-ûªq®Ωç †’ç*) ņo-°æ¤púø’ ‘since’ ¢√ú≈L.
Since the vedic times (¢Ëü∆© é¬©ç †’ç*)
ï¢√•’: I shall go to market- É™«çöÀ verbs (go - Ééπ\úø shall go) èπ◊ passive
Öçúøü¿’. verb èπ◊ á´-JE, üËEE ÅE v°æ¨¡o ¢ËÆæ’-èπ◊çõ‰ Ææ´÷-üµ∆†ç ´îËa
etc., ´·çü¿’ 'the' ûª°æpéπ ´Ææ’hçC. (In the morn- for the past last five thousand years Ææçü¿-®√s¥-©™ ´÷vûª¢Ë’ passive Öçô’çC.
ing, in the evening etc.) (5000 à∞¡Ÿxí¬) Shall go- Ééπ\úø go Åçõ‰ ¢Á∞¡}úøç– á´-JE ¢Á∞¡}úøç, üËEE ¢Á∞¡}úøç ÅE v°æ¨¡o
Ñ lesson conversation
™ í∫´’-Eç-îªçúÕ. I met him last in 2000 Jan ¢ËÆæ’-èπ◊çõ‰ Ææ´÷-üµ∆†ç ®√ü¿’. 鬕öÀd passive Öçúøü¿’.
a) In the morning; On the morning of (؈’ Åûª-úÕE 2000
*´-®Ωí¬ -ï-†-´-J-™  'do' Åçõ‰ üËEE îËߪ’úøç Åçõ‰ Ææ´÷-üµ∆†ç ÖçC – 鬕öÀd ü∆EéÀ passive
Saturday
v°æ¨¡o: ÉçTx-≠ˇ™ õ„j¢˛’ îÁÊ°p-ô-°æ¤púø’ O' clock ÅE áçü¿’èπ◊ Åçö«®Ω’. ´öÀd Clock ´÷vûª¢Ë’ ņ-´-a-éπü∆!
éπ©’-Ææ’-èπ◊-Ø√o†’.) Öçô’çC.
b) In the evening; on the evening of the 25th. a) I have not met him for the past/ the last
Åçõ‰, morning, evening
ÅØË parts of the four years and ten months – Ƒ£«î˝.´’™‰x¨¡ç, ÆœCl-Ê°ô
day in
´·çü¿’ ´Ææ’hçC. Å®·ûË °∂晫Ø√ ®ÓV -Ø√-©’Íí∞¡x °æCØÁ©-©’í¬ Øˆ’ Åûª-úÕE éπ©’-Ææ’-éÓ-™‰ü¿’. ï¢√•’: O' Clock Åçõ‰ of the clock. Of the clock E èπ◊Cç* îÁ°æpúøç, ®√ߪ’-úø¢Ë’ O' clock. Ééπ\úÕ
morning,
°∂晫Ø√ ûËD evening
ņo°æ¤púø’ ¢√öÀ- b) I have not met him since January 2000 apostrophe (') ´C-™‰ÊÆ ¨¡¶«lEo Ææ÷*-Ææ’hçC. ´öÀd clock Åçõ‰ Ç Å®Ωnç ®√ü¿’. °æ‹®Ωh-®·† í∫çô-©èπ◊
on
´·çü¿’ ´Ææ’hçC. January 2000 †’ç* ؈-ûª-úÕE éπ©’-Ææ’-éÓ-™‰ü¿’. ´·çü¿’ ´÷vûª¢Ë’ O' clock ¢√úøû√ç. 7.25 O' clock ņç.