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HP NG MUA BN QUC T
I/ Khi qut v hp ng mua bn quc t II/ Cc iu kin giao dch trong mua bn quc t
1/ CC NH NGHA Hp ng: l s tho thun t do gia cc bn ng s lm thay i, iu chnh, pht sinh hay chm dt mt quan h php l no Hp ng mua bn: bn bn cam kt chuyn vo quyn s hu ca bn mua 1 loi hng ho, dch v v c nhn mt khon tin tng ng tr gi hng ho v dch v Hp ng mua bn quc t (Hp ng mua bn c yu t quc t) : 3 Cc bn c tr s thng mi cc nc khc nhau
2/ CC C IM CA HMB QUC T L Hp ng mua bn : + Chuyn quyn s hu t ngi bn sang ngi mua + Mang tnh cht n b + Mang tnh cht song v C cc yu t quc t: + Ch th ca H: cc bn k kt c tr s thng mi cc nc khc nhau + Hng ho: di chuyn qua bin gii 4 + ng tin thanh ton l ngoi t
3/ IU KIN HIU LC CA HMB QUC T L Hp ng mua bn : + Th hin ch thc s tho thun ca cc bn HMB quc t: + Ch th ca H phi hp php: + Ni dung hp ng l hp php + i tng ca hp ng l hng ho c php XNK + Hnh thc ca Hp ng phi hp php 5
4/ NI DUNG CA HMB QUC T + S hiu H + a im ngy thng k H + Phn m u - L do cn c k H - Tn a ch cc bn - Tn v chc v ca ngi i din - Cc nh ngha
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+ Cc iu khon tho thun: - Cc iu kin k thut thng phm hc - Cc iu kin ti chnh - Cc iu kin vn ti - iu kin php l
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+ Phn k kt
- S bn ca H
This contract is made in Hanoi and is made in English into six (06) original copies with the same value. Each party keeps three (03) copies.
CHNG III
HP NG MUA BN QUC T
I/ Khi qut v hp ng mua bn quc t II/ Cc iu kin giao dch trong mua bn quc t
GII THIU CHUNG C s vn dng cc iu kin giao dch Tnh cht hng ho Tng quan lc lng Tp qun thng mi Phng thc giao dch
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1/ IU KIN TN HNG L iu khon ch yu ca H Ni ln chnh xc i tng ca H Yu cu din t chnh xc C th kt hp cc cch sau n din t tn hng
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Ghi theo h HS (Harmonised System) Ghi tn thng mi km tn thng thng v tn khoa hc ca hng ho Ghi tn hng km tn a phng sn xut ra hng ho Ghi tn hng km tn nh sn xut Ghi tn hng km nhn hiu hng ho Ghi tn hng km qui cch chnh Ghi tn hng km cng dng ca hng ho
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H thng HS phn chia sn phm theo 6 ch s (6 digits) da vo s m t sn phm. V d: M s HS 6 ch s ca n Violin l 920210. M s HS M t sn phm 92 9202 920210 Nhc c; ph tng v linh kin nhc c; v.v. Nhc c c dy, n ghi ta, n violine, n hc, v.v. Cc loi nhc c c dy s dng cn ko dy (V cm, ...)
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V d: Tn hng: Go trng N24 5% tm v h thu-Nam Vit Nam Honda Dream II 100cc Motocycle assembled in Thailand in 1998
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2/ IU KIN PHM CHT L iu khon ch yu ca H Ni ln chnh xc mt cht ca i tng mua bn C th kt hp 12 cch sau din t cht lng hng ha:
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1 Theo mu hng (Sample) 2 Da vo tiu chun (standard) v phm cp. 3 Da vo ch tiu i khi quen dng 4 Da vo hm lng cht ch yu 5 Da vo qui cch phm cht ca hng ha 6 Da vo lng thnh phm thu c t HH 7 Da vo hin trng hng ha (tale quale) 8 Da vo xem hng trc 9 Da vo dung trng hng ha 10 Da vo ti liu k thut: 11 Da vo nhn hiu hng ho 12 Da vo m t hng ho:
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2. 1 Theo mu hng (Sample) Mu hng l 1 n v hng ho ly ra t l hng v i din cho l hng v mt qui cch phm cht + Trng hp p dng: hng ho kh tiu chun ho, kh m t, c phm cht n nh + Hng ho l ph hp vi mu khi:
Hng ha ph hp v mt phm cht vi mu Ngi mua c iu kin hp l i chiu mu Mu ko c n t
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II/ CC IU KIN GIAO DCH TRONG MBQT 2/ iu kin phm cht 2.1/ Qui nh phm cht theo mu hng
CCH LY MU + Mu do bn bn a ra: Bn bn lm 3 mu giao cho 3 bn - Bn bn - Bn mua - Bn th 3 c 2 bn tho thun + Mu do bn mua a ra: Bn bn lp ra 3 mu i v lu gi nh trn
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II/ CC IU KIN GIAO DCH TRONG MBQT 2/ iu kin phm cht 2.1/ Qui nh phm cht theo mu hng
CH + Mu phi c c nh ho, ghi r ngy thng chn mu. + Mu phi c bo qun cn thn n khi ht hn khiu ni v phm cht + Mi H nn c 1 mu ring + Mu thng khng b tnh tin
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II/ CC IU KIN GIAO DCH TRONG MBQT 2/ iu kin phm cht 2.1/ Qui nh phm cht theo mu hng
CCH GHI TRONG HP NG + Phm cht hng ho tng t/ ging nh mu s do bn bn a ra, c lp thnh 3 mu, c 2 bn k tn trn mu ngy ; giao cho bn bn, bn mua, v Vinacontrol nm gi
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gi cht lng v phng php sn xut, ch bin ng gi, kim tra hng ho thng ban hnh bi cc c quan c thm quyn hoc cc t chc quc t + Trong khi xc nh tiu chun ngi ta cng qui nh c phm cp (loi 1, loi 2, loi 3)
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II/ CC IU KIN GIAO DCH TRONG MBQT 2/ iu kin phm cht 2.2/ Qui nh phm cht da v tiu chun, phm cp
CH + Cn dn chiu n tiu chun hoc nh km tiu chun vi H + Tiu chun l ch tiu tng hp ko nn qui nh thm + Ghi r tn c quan ban hnh cng nm ban hnh, s hiu
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II/ CC IU KIN GIAO DCH TRONG MBQT 2/ iu kin phm cht 2.2/ Qui nh phm cht da v tiu chun, phm cp
2.3/ DA VO CC CH TIU I KHI QUEN DNG + FAQ: Fair Average Quality (Phm cht bnh qun kh) + GMQ: Good Merchantable Quality (Phm cht tiu th tt) + Good ordinary Brand + ln men thng thng/ Tt (Ca cao)
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2.4/ DA VO HM LNG CHT CH YU p dng vi nhng mt hng thng qua hm lng cht ch yu xc nh c cht lng ca hng ho (Nng sn, thu sn, khong sn) C th phn bit theo cht c ch, c hi C th qui nh thng nu cht lng tt hn v pht nu cht lng thp
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2.5 DA VO QUI CCH PHM CHT CA HNG HO Qui cch l cc thng s k thut v mt cht lng p dng vi hng ho l sn phm cng nghip
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2.6 DA VO S LNG THNH PHM THU C T HNG HO p dng vi nguyn liu bn thnh phm Cch ny khng chnh xc v s lng thnh phm thu c ko ch ph thuc vo cht lng nguyn liu
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2.7 DA VO HIN TRNG HNG HO Ngi bn chu trch nhim v cht lng hng ho ng nh khi bc hng Qui nh trong H: As it is p dng: + Hng nu n + Hng thanh l sau tn kho + Th trng ca ngi bn
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2.8 DA VO XEM HNG TRC Ngi mua c to iu kin xem hng trc khi k hp ng. Sau khi mua ko c quyn khiu ni v cht lng hng ha Qui nh trong H: xem v ng p dng: Mua bn ti kho, bn u gi, bn c
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2.9 DA VO DUNG TRNG HNG HO Dung trng l trng lng t nhin ca 1 n v dung tch hng ho, phn nh tnh cht vt l, t l tp cht p dng vi mua bn ng cc lng thc Kt hp vi cc phng php khc
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2.10 DA VO TI LIU K THUT Ti liu k thut gm bn v k thut, s lp rp, bn thuyt minh tnh nng v tc dng, bn hng dn s dng ghi r cc ch tiu cht lng ca sn phm Ch + Trong H phi ghi r ti liu k thut l ti liu no, + Ghi r nh xut bn, nm xut bn bi v tn ch mc ich ca mi nh Xut bn l khc nahu nn cng dng s nu khc nhau, hoc ni dung bn in trc khng c cp nht + Cc bn phi lm cc du hiu c nh ha ti liu tr thnh b phn ko tch ri ca H: k ng du + Qui nh r trch nhim ca cc bn c lin quan n ti liu k thut, ngn ng ca ti liu k thut 32
2.11 DA VO NHN HIU HNG HO Nhn hiu l nhng du hiu, hnh v hay ch vit phn bit hng ho ca nh sn xut ny vi hng ha ca nh sn xut khc p dng mt hng cng nghip, hng nng sn ch bin 2.12 DA VO M T HNG HO Trong Hp ng m t k lng v hng ho nh hnh dng mu sc, kch thc, cng sut, hiu sut v ngi bn c ngha v giao hng theo ng cc m t
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CH + Kt hp cc phng php qui nh + Ph hp vi cc yu cu qun l CL HH XNK ca Nh nc Cn c: - Tnh cht hng ho - Tp qun tiu dng - Phng thc mua bn - V th ca ngi mua v ngi bn
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a im kim tra - Ni sn xut/ Ni giao hng/ Ni s dng Ngi kim tra - Ngi sn xut/ Trung gian/ i din ca nh nc Giy t chng minh
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3/ IU KIN S LNG L iu khon ch yu ca H Ni ln chnh xc mt lng ca i tng mua bn Cc vn chnh: 3.1/ n v tnh s lng 3.2/ Phng php qui nh s lng 3.3/ Phng php xc nh trng lng 3.4/ a im xc nh s lng
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II/ CC IU KIN GIAO DCH TRONG MBQT 3/ iu kin s lng 3.2/ Phng php qui nh s lng
3.2/ PHNG PHP QUI NH S LNG a/ Qui nh chnh xc : + Khi n v tnh l ci chic + Hng d cn ong o m + Hng c gi tr cao,n gi ln: + Tng s lng mua nh
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II/ CC IU KIN GIAO DCH TRONG MBQT 3/ iu kin s lng 3.2/ Phng php qui nh s lng
b/ Qui nh phng chng: Cho php mt mc chnh lch trong giao nhn s lng hng ho + Hng khi lng ln + Tn dng dung tch vn ti Cch vit:
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II/ CC IU KIN GIAO DCH TRONG MBQT 3/ iu kin s lng 3.2/ Phng php qui nh s lng
b/ Qui nh phng chng (tip): Ch : ln ca dung sai Ngi c quyn chn dung sai: Gi ca dung sai:
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II/ CC IU KIN GIAO DCH TRONG MBQT 3/ iu kin s lng 3.3/ Phng php xc nh trng lng
a/ Trng lng c b = trng lng hng ho + trng lng bao b Cch ghi: gross weight for net p dng
+ Trng lng bao b khng ng k + Gi tr mt n v bao b nh + Hng ho v bao b cng l mt loi vt phm + Th trng thuc v ngi bn
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II/ CC IU KIN GIAO DCH TRONG MBQT 3/ iu kin s lng 3.3/ Phng php xc nh trng lng
II/ CC IU KIN GIAO DCH TRONG MBQT 3/ iu kin s lng 3.3/ Phng php xc nh trng lng
b/ Trng lng tnh (tip) (Net net weight): + Trng lng na tnh: (Semi Net Weight) + Trng lng tnh lut nh
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II/ CC IU KIN GIAO DCH TRONG MBQT 3/ iu kin s lng 3.3/ Phng php xc nh trng lng
(100+WTC)
GTM= GTT X
(100+WTT)
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II/ CC IU KIN GIAO DCH TRONG MBQT 3/ iu kin s lng 3.3/ Phng php xc nh trng lng
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V D
Quality: Gross weight for net: MT 3000+- 5% at the charterers option. Final certificate of Quantity issued by Vinacontrol at HaiPhong port.
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II/ CC IU KIN GIAO DCH TRONG MBQT 4/ iu kin bao b k m hiu 4.1/ Phng php qui nh cht lng bao b
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4.3 K m hiu
L nhng k hiu hng ch hng dn giao nhn vn chuyn bo qun hng ho Yu cu ca k m hiu: c vit bng sn hoc mc khng phai, khng nho. D c d thy Khng nh hng n phm cht ca hng ho Mu sc ph hp B mt vit k m hiu phi bo nhn 53 Phi vit theo th t nht nh
V D
Packing: Export standard with Sea transportation Packing: In about 60kg net/ 60.7 kg gross, 300 bags per container Packing: In about 60kgs net, 0,65 kgs tare. New uniform jute bags required for the whole lot, to be closed by jute yarn or cotton yarn. Weight for payment is the net shipping weight, 0,5% franchise
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5/ IU KIN GI C L iu khon ch yu ca H Cc vn chnh: 5.1/ ng tin tnh gi 5.2/ Cc phng php xc nh gi 5.3/ Gim gi 5.4/ Cc qui nh khc c lin quan
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V D
n gi: 510 USD/ 1 MT Tng gi : khong 8670 000 USD Gi CFR Singapore theo Incoterms 2000 bao gm c chi ph bao b.
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5.1 NG TIN TNH GI + La chn ng tin tnh gi - Nc ngi mua - Nc ngi bn - Nc th ba + Qui nh v t gi
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5.2 PHNG PHP QUI NH GI a/ Gi c nh: b/ Gi qui nh sau c/ Gi linh hot (hay gi c th chnh li) d/ Gi di ng:
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II/ CC IU KIN GIAO DCH TRONG MBQT 5/ iu kin gi c 5.2/ Phng php qui nh gi
a/ Gi c nh:
+ Gi c c tha thun vo lc k hp ng v khng xem xt li trong sut qu trnh thc hin hp ng + p dng vi - Cc mt hng bch ha, mt hng ch to ngn
ngy - Hp ng c hiu lc trong thi gian ngn - Trn cc th trng c gi c t bin ng - Mua bn cc th trng c bit: s giao dch 59 hng ha, u thu, u gi
II/ CC IU KIN GIAO DCH TRONG MBQT 5/ iu kin gi c 5.2/ Phng php qui nh gi
b/ Gi qui nh sau Cc bn k mt hp ng trong qui nh cc nguyn tc xc nh gi vo trc khi giao hng + Theo tho thun gia 2 bn trc khi giao hng + Theo gi nim yt ti s giao dch hng ho + Theo gi bn trn th trng chnh ca mt hng
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II/ CC IU KIN GIAO DCH TRONG MBQT 5/ iu kin gi c 5.2/ Phng php qui nh gi
c/ Gi linh hot
L mc gi c xc nh khi k kt Hp ng nhng c th xem xt li nu th trng bin ng n mt mc no Qui nh r - Gi gc - Thi gian xc nh li gi - Mc chnh lch gi ti a gia gi Hp ng v gi th trng - Ngun ti liu xc nh s bin ng gi
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II/ CC IU KIN GIAO DCH TRONG MBQT 5/ iu kin gi c 5.2/ Phng php qui nh gi
d/ Gi di ng:
Theo , gi c hng ho c tnh ton dt khot vo lc thc hin hp ng tu theo s bin ng ca cc yu t cu thnh nn gi B1 C1
P1= P0 A +B x
+C x
B0
C0
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5.3 GIM GI + Gim gi do tr tin sm: Trong H c th qui inh COD 3%, tr sau 1 thng gim 2%, sau 2 thng gim 1% + Gim gi thi v + Gim gi i hng c ly hng mi, + Gim gi cho thit b qua s dng; + Gim gi do mua hng vi s lng ln Cn c vo cch tnh gim gi: + Gim gi n: + Gim gi kp: + Gim gi lu tin: + Gim gi tng thng: :
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5.4 CC QUI NH KHC C LIN QUAN a/ iu kin c s giao hng b/ Chi ph bao b c/ Chi ph v ph tng
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6/ IU KIN GIAO HNG (terms of deliery) L iu khon ch yu ca Hp ng mua bn hng ha tha thun v cc iu kin giao nhn hng hng ha, phn chia chi ph v trch nhim gia cc bn 6.1/ Thi hn giao hng 6.2/ a im giao hng, 6.3/ Phng thc giao hng 6.4/ Thng bo giao hng.
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6.2 PHNG THC GIAO HNG + Giao v s lng: xc nh s lng thc t ca hng c giao bng cc phng php cn, o, m + Giao v cht lng: l vic kim tra hng ha v tnh nng, cng dng, hiu sut, kch thc v cc ch tiu khc xc nh s ph hp gia chng vi quy nh trong H
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6.2 PHNG THC GIAO HNG + Giao nhn s b: Bc u xem xt hng ho, xc nh s ph hp v s lng cht lng ca HH vi H + Giao nhn cui cng: Ly kt qu kim tra hng ha ly ni giao nhn cui cng xc nhn ngi bn c hon thnh ngha v giao hng v s lng, cht lng v thi gian giao hng hay khng.
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Phn loi :
Trc khi giao hng: preshipment
advices
II/ CC IU KIN GIAO DCH TRONG MBQT 6/ iu kin giao hng 6.4Thng bo giao hng
V D:
Vi iu kin FOB thng bo 3 ln + Ln 1: ngi bn thng bo sn sng giao hng + Ln 2: ngi mua thng bo v tu n nhn hng + Ln 3: ngi bn v vic giao hng
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