Padam October 2013

HIvtSm-_ 2013
FUn-:
Fkv.-kp-[ojv
]mTw HIvtSm-_ 2013
Fnepw
In-n-f-bvp bu-\-ns
Ipcp-Xn-\n-e--fn \nv
_en-ar-K-
Ah-cpsS kz]v\--fpsS sImSn-Sw
]nSn-p-bpp
Fkv.-kp-[o-jns
"am\-hobw' F Ihn-X-bn \nv
]mTw HIvtSm-_ 2013
B-X-]pw _en-sNbvhq
Fkv. kp[ojv
HIvtSm-_ 2013
FUn-:
Fkv.-kp-[ojv
Ime-ns apdn-hp-I
FUn-tm-dn-b
dnb Ftv Imes

taL-k-t-i-
jq_ sI.-F-kv.
27
40
81
AUz: Fw.-_m-e-tKm-hn-
Fkv. kp[ojv
51
aebmf`mj
]mTw s]mfn-n-
sUkvIv
s{]m^. Fw.-F.-hn-P-b
63
100
Fw.-F.-hn-P-b
kmwkvIm-cn-I-thZn
Kb, ]-m\w, sImw
t^m: 04742744853
samss_: 9447159832
mn.vijayan.paatom@gmail.com
mnvijayan-patom.blogspot.com
te Huv
cmP-tKm-]m
Xncp-h-\--]pcw
Ih Nn{Xw
A`n-Pnv hn.-Fk
- v.
\bXmc
]qfpw
Infn-sm-p-Ikmln-Xy-sa-gp-Xp-tm
fp-an-m
an\n Fkv.
HmWhpw
91
sshtem-nn
Ihn-Xbpw
kmaq-lnI {]Xn-_
- X
- t- bmsS
79
ssIIkn hn.-F-kv.
H.-F.-hn. Ipdppw
ae-_m tKmUpw
95
Fkv sI.
]mTw HIvtSm-_ 2013
FUn-tm-dn-b
Ime-ns apdn-hp-I
2007 hnP-b amjns Ah-km\ hmp-I NnX-bn-se-cn-bp-tm \mw tIXv \psS
s\ns\ ]nfp D-WvT-I-fm-bn-cp-p. Hcp P\-X-bpsS cm{ob kzbw ac-Ws
kw_-n hnlz-e-X-I-fm-bn-cp-p. cm{ob _pn-iq-\y-X-bpsS A-b-J-\n-bmbn amdnb
Hcp kap-Zm-b-amWv \mw F hkvXp-X-bn-tebvv amjv hnc Nqn-b-tm Fw.-hn. Pb-cmPt\m Fw.Fw aWntbm \psS cm{ob Pohn-X-n {]Imiw ]c-n-p-S-n-bn-cp-n-.
`mjm \nL-p-hns ]npWbn-msX Xs ipw` F ]Z-ns Aw \apv
Bkz-Zn-m Ign-Xv hnZym-`ym-k---h-S-ns ISn-tbp ]nS-bp ]cn-bm-c-ns _entm-c-]p-c an \nm-Wv. ipw` Hcp lmkym-\p-`-h-a-, lrZ-b-iq-\y-X-bpsS Zpc--\mS-I-amWv Fv ]cn-bmcw kmy-s-Sp-p-p.
acWw amjns Akm-n-ys nco-I-cn-p-Itbm \o \n-_vZ-X-bpsS CS-th-fI Hm-bpsS i_vZs apdn-p-am-p-Itbm sNp-n-. arXyp-hns Bt-jh
- p-ambn s]mcpXn-sm-n-cn-p {]-bpsS Ah-km-\-\n-an-j--fn ]pd-p-h i_vZ--sfm-sbpw
hcm-\n-cn-p Imew Bhn-m-hnv t_m[y-s-Sp-p-hm t]mhp \n-b-bmYmy-sf kw_-n {]h-N-\--fm-bn-cpp. \app \-s-Sp-hm [\-Im-cy-_--\ns N-e-I am{X-am-Wp--sX-pw, Xncnp ]nSn-m-\pXp \psS PohnXw XsbmWv Fpw Xncn-d
- n-bp-tm-tgbvpw \mw [\-Im-cym-[n-\n-th-i
- ns Ag-b
-
- f
- n-tebvp
hoWp-t]m-bn-cn-p-p. kzmX-{y-n-tebvp \on--b-dp-I Akm-y-amWv Fv ]cn-bm-cns ckoXp ]pkvX-I--fpsS A-n-S-bn sXfn-bp _en-ar-K--fpsS HmIsf ap\n-dpn \mw {]Xn sNbvXn-cn-p-p. Pohn-p-hm\pw Pohn-Xs \ymbo-I-cnp-hm\pw ]pXnb ]pXnb sXp-I-fpsS NXn-p-gn-I \mw Is-n-bn-cn-p-p. Fm {]Xo-Ifpw AkvX-an-p-tm-gpw, H-s-S-ens Xpcp-n Ccp-p-I-b-dp-tmgpw lrZ-b-n
tNmc-s]m-Sn-bp-tmgpw amjv Akm-y-X-Isf hnkva-bn-n-p Hcp t{]c-W-bmbn A\p-`-hs-Sp-p. Ctm kz]v\-p {`mp-]n-Sn-p-n Fn PohnXw \n-e-am-bn-o-cpp. kvt\lw Hcp {`mm-Wv.
^nw-Kns cm{o-bs Kuc-h-_p-n-tbmsS FXn-cn-S-W-sap "]mTw' ]d-n-cp-p.
kuP-\y-[-\-k-lm-b-ambpw hmbv]-bmbpw Poh-Im-cp-Wy-ip-{iq-j-bm-bpw, a\p-jym-h-Im-i-]-cnc--bm-bpw, ]cn-nXn {]W-b-am-bpw, kv{Xo]o-U-\-]-cn-lm-c-ambpw, òI-c-hm-Z-ambpw Hgp-nbn-d-p ^nw-Kns \nKq-V-cm-{ob {]l-c-tav \psS cmPy-ns DSepw Xebpw
NnX-dn-tm-bn-cn-p-p. Hcp SpPnkvs]{-tam, sF.-F-kv.-B.-H.-tbm, I-cn-m-S-tam, Agn-aXn-bpsS \n-N-\--fn \n_-n-m-\m-hm [\-Im-cym-[n-\n-th-i-ns \ne-bn-m
Bg--fmWv. ^nw-Kns cm{ob X{-n\p Iogvs Hcp P\-X-bpsS kzmX{yw inYne-am-hp--Xns Zmcp-W-amb H-m-Sp-I-fmWv \mw tIp-sIm-n-cn-p--Xv.
Ctm I-cn-m-S-fpw ImSp-Ifpw Irjn-bn-S-fpw hyh-km-bnI `qanbpw D]-{K-l-fpsS AXo-Xm-Im-i-fpw Pehpw Pem-i-b-fpw Fs\ hn-W-sa--Xns\ kw_nv N-I \S-p-sIm-n-cn-p-p. aqe-[-\-i-n-Iv ]m--cm hyh--bn cmPyw
Af-p-ap-dn-p-sIm-Sp--W-sa-p-- Im-cy-n `c-W--{]-Xn-]--cm-{o-b-I-n-I-fpw, F.Pn.-H.-I-fpw, am[y-a-m-]-\-fpw Xn A`n-{]m-b---fn-. cmPys Fp-X-sb,
]mm-en-sb--sbpw hnp-tm teew sNbvXp-hn-W-sa-mWv I-cn-m-S-hnhm-Z-n ]s-Sp CS-Xp-] Fw.-]n.-am A`n-{]m-b-s--Xv. Hcp hymg-h--m-e-n-\papv kzIm-cy-ta-J-ebvp {]th-i-\-an-m-Xn-cp I-cn-m-S--fpsS Du-t{km-X-p-Ifn \nv s]mXp-ta-Je ]pd-m--s-Sp--Xn \app ZpxJ-an-. s]mXp-ta-J-e-bpsS L\hy-h-kmb kmt-Xn-I-hn-Zy-hn-I-kn-n-p-sImv Du-tZ-i-km-cWw \S-pI F
4
]mTw HIvtSm-_ 2013
km-n-I-c-m-bp-nsb hgn-bn-ep-t]-n-p-sImv teew hnfn-bp-sSbpw Dul---h-Sn-sbpw kmt-Xn-I-am-v ASn-b-d-hp-]-d-bm CS-Xp-]w Xocp-am-\n-n-cn-p-p.

Hcp hymg-h--mew Ign-bp-tm Agn-aXn Btcm-]Ww [\-Im-cym-[n-\n-th-i-ò-I-c-Xsb
efn-X-h-ev-cn-p--Xn-\p D]m-[n-bm-bn-on-cn-p-p. _ln-cm-Im-i-cw-Kv [\-Im-cym[n-\n-th-i-ns Cc-p-I-b--ap-m-hp-tm \mw AXns\ sF.-F-kv.-B.H Agn-aXn Fphn-fn-p-I-bpw, AXn-s\-m Ipd [\-Im-cy- Zphybw \Sn F Ip-ns t]cn
SqPn-kvs]{w CS-]m-Sn cmPmsb Pbn-en-e-S-bvp-I-bpw, [\-Im-cy- C-S-]m-Sp-I-fpsS KpW-t`mm--fmb Aw_m-\n-sbbpw Sm-sbbpw ]m]-tam--s-Sp-p-Ibpw sNp-p. I-cn-mS-hym-]m-c
- n `c-W]
- c
- a
- mb D-ch
- m-Zn-Xz-ap at\m-tam-l\
- k
- nw-ls
- -]mn-m Xnlm
Pbn aXn-bm-hn F-Xp-sImp cmPbvpw I\n-sam-gnpw _m[-Ia
- mb kn.-F.-Pn. dntmv,
I-cnmSn-se-p-tm Akm-[p-hm-bn-o-cp-p.
[\-Im-cym-[n-\n-thi-ns [-\o-Xn-bmWv [\-Im-cy-Zphybw F-Xn-\m Agn-aXn
Fp hnh-n--s-Sp--sXm-sbpw [\-Im-cym-[n-\n-th-i-ns I-]-Y-nse A\nhm-cy-X-I-fmWv [\-Im-cym-[n-\n-th-i-ns Imev [\-Im-cy-hn-\n-ab \nb-a- DZm-c-hev-cn--s-n-cn-p-p. \ntbm-en-_-d apX-em-fn--ns I-Im-s kpJ-I-c-amb
A`ym-k-am-n-am-p-Xv [\-Im-cy-k-Zm-Nm-c-\n-b-a--fpsS DZm-c-h-ev-c-W-am-Wv. Cu DZm-c-hev-c-W-ns Dev]--amWv ]p-ew tImSn-bpsS BIm-c-h-ep-hpw D-S--hp-ap
Agn-a-Xn-bpsS _rl-Zm-Jym-bn-I. cm{w F _rl-Zm-Jym-bn-Isb iI-eo-I-cn-p--Xn-\v,
[\-Im-cy-ap-X-em-fnw Dm-Zn-n-p Agn-a-Xn-bpsS _rl-Zm-Jym-bn-I-I F-t]mse
Agn-a-Xn-bpsS {lkzm-Jym-bnImkwLm-X-fpw {]tbm-P-\-s-Sp-p. P\-Io-bm-kq-{XWw F
t]cn Adn-b-s-n-cp A[n-Im-c-hn-tI-{o-I-c-W-n-eqsS cm{-k-Zvhyh-sb inYneo-I-cn-p-tm Agn-a-Xn-bpsS {lkzm-Jym-bn-I-I ]n-p-p--sf-tmse s]p-s]-cpIn-sm-n-cn-p-I-bm-Wv. s]mXp-ap-X Zphy-b-n ]p-]-m Hcp s]mXp-{]-h-It\m, hntZ-i-^-nw-Kp-sImp ]-\n-d-bvm Hcp [-tam {]h-It\m Cv
Cm-Xm-bn-on-cn-p-p. CS-\n-e-Ww Hcp kpJ-I-c-am-b Hcp D]-Po-h-t\m-]m-[n-bmbn
AwKo-I-cn--s-n-cn-p-p. CS-Xp-]--cm-{obw Hcp [\-Imcy Zpcm-Nm-c-ambn ]cn-hn-s-n-cn-p-p. XrW-aq-e--e--fn Agn-a-Xn-bpsS {lkzm-Jym-bn-I-Iv A\n-b-{nX-amb hwi-h-\h
- p-m-hp-tm, A-sImv Af-p-Xom-\m-hm Agn-aXnbpsS
_rl-Zm-Jym-bn-I-I _ln-cm-Im-ipw I-cn-m-S--fnepw B[n-]Xyw m]n--Ww.
[\-Im-cym-[n-\n-thiw F-s\-bmWv Cysb _m[n-n-cn-p-Xv F-Xns Zrm--fmWv [\-Im-cym-[n-\n-th-i-ns ]p [-im-kv{X-n \npm-Zn-n--s-Sp
Agn-a-Xn-bpsS _rl-Zm-Jym-bn-I-I. F Pn H Ifn-eqsS Bo-b-[-\-Im-cy-m-]-\--fneqsS Cy-bn-tebvv Ccp Ib-dp ^nw-Kn-s\-Xnsc cmPys kq hmbv]mh-c-W-n-tebvp Xn-ho-gvnb [\-Im-cym-[n-\n-thi I-{I-a-sXn-sc, s]mXpta-J-em-ew teew sNbvXpw Am-sXbpw [\-Im-cym-[n-\n-th-i-ns Bh-iy-v
Fgp-Xn--p--Xn-s\-Xnsc, ]cn-nXn I\y-ImXzw \ne-\np--Xn-\p-thn ]cn-nXn-bpsS Du-s, ]cn-n-Xn-bpsS D-c-Xsb D]-tcm-[n-p [\-Im-cy-ap-X-em-fn-n\v ùa-]-cn-n-Xnsb ssIamw sNp--Xn-s\-Xn-sc, ^nw-Kns Btbm-[-\-i-nsImv CSnp s]mfn Cy km-nI hyh--bpsS XI-bvn-S-bn sSn-k-ns
bp-ap-d-]-co-n-p hob Xo{h-hmZn F Pn H Iqm-bva-Is-Xnsc AXn-i--amb
D]-tcm[w cq]-s-Sp-pI F-XmWv Cy CS-Xp-]--ns kzm`m-hn-I-amb Ncn-{X_m-y-X.
s{]m^. Fkv.-kp-[ojv
]mTw HIvtSm-_ 2013
teJ\w
B-X-]pw
_en sNbvhq....
Fkv. -kp-[ojv
Fp-samcp
imn hoin temIw

apn \nm-W-n Xmt\
Fn \nq `mc-Xn semcp
]p--Xm-_vZ-a-m-n...................
"Nme `npIn' \nm-W

- n app
`mc-ns imn-Xo-cs ]cm-ain-p-sImmWv Ah-km-\n-p--Xv. ]p \qmp
\op \np Imehpw `mcXw F
ehpw _u \nm-W
- ns kzm[o-\
- nem-bn-cp-p-shp Ihn ]d-bp-tm, \nmWw
kzXz-_
- a
- mb B-tam-a
-
- , Hcp kmwkvImcn-Im-\p-`-hhpw Pohn--dn bmYmyhpambn-cp-p-sh-mWv AXns Aw. \nmW-n\v Hcp kaq-l-ns Pohm-\p-`-h-bmYmy-am-bn-o-cm Ign-bp-tam, AXv Hcp
_rl-mb kmaq-ly-e
- I
- m-em-\p-`h
- a
- mtWm
FXv X hnj-b-am-Wv. ]p iXm_vZw
`mc-Xs kzm[o-\n _p-a-Xs \nmW-sa {]Xo-I-n-sem-Xp-mtam FXp
asmcp {][m\ tNmZy-am-Wv.
Fm Icp-W-bpsS HSp-hn-e-s hcn-I
]p \qm-p-Imew Hcp alm-cm-Py-n\v
imn \Ip Ncn{X {]{Inb F \ne-bne-, \nm-Ws IW-m-p--Xv.
\a-kvIm-c-ap-]-Kp-]vX, hcn-I-`-hm \nmW
\na-m-ImsX hopw temI-tk-h-bvm-bv,
]Xn-X-Im-cp-Wn-Icmw `hm-Zr-i-kp-X-msc
nXntZhn-np thW-a-[nIw t]sc.
6
]mTw HIvtSm-_ 2013
\nmW \nK-a-\m-hm-sX, [ym\n-n-cn-msX, `qan-bn-tev Cdn hcpI Fp ]d-bpn-S-v, "\nmWw' Hcp kaq-l-ns Pohn- d n bmYmy- a - , temItkhbn
\npw thXn-cnp amdp-, GIm--amb
Bkwhm- Z - ns
hgn- b m- W v.
\nmWns ]Xn Dt]-nv temI-tkh-bvmbn Cd-n-h-c-W-sap ]d-bp-tm,
B- k w- h mZ]- X n- s b- m {][m- \ - a mWv
temI- ns ZpxJ- Pohn- - d n- b p
{]h\w Fp hcp-p. ChnsS \nmWw
_rlmb Hcp aX-]--Xn-b-, Ncn-{Xm-\p-`-ha-. Bkwhm-Z-ns cm-amw am{X-amWv.
Bobtam-ns am-n Hcp-]mSp
k-cn Ihnsb kw_-n-n-S-tmfw temIns ZpxJ- Adn-bp--Xn-\p Ign-hv,
B-tam-s
- -m {][m-\a
- mWv Fp hcpp. IhnX Hcp X]-m-Wv. Hcp \nmW]Zs-tm-se, Blj-ns Ah--bvp-d-tbvp k-cn-p [ym\ {]h-\amWv IhnX Fn- e pw, IhnX Hcp
Btmj {]h-cv-\-a-spw temIns ZpxJ- Adn-bp {]h-\-amWv
Fpw Ihn Is-p-p.
Pohn- - d n A\p- ` - h w, Pohn- - d n
bmYmyw Fn--s\-bp k]-\-fn \nmWv tdav hneywkv A\p-`q-Xn-LS\ F ko k]-\s cq]-s-Spp--Xv. B[n-]-Xy-]-c-amb m\naw F-
Xns-bpw, B[n]-Xy-]-c-amb hyh-lm-c-

Fn-h-bp-sSbpw ]cn-[n-I-fn s]Sp-m-hp
Cy k]-\--fm-Wv, tamhpw \nmW-hpw. ]m]_-\-n \nv Pohn-Xs
ap-am-p {]h\w ssZh-{]-am-W-hm-Zns `mK-ambn hcp k]-am-Wv. hmkh-Z-bvv D]-Kp-]vX ]m]-tamw \Intbm, Ahv ]m]-tamw \Im Ignbptam F-XmWv, "Icp-W'- bn Dbp hcp
kwhmZ{]iv\w. Ihn-X-bnse {]iv\m--I-XbpsS apJy- a - - e - - f n- s em- v , AXm- W v .
ssl-h--{In-kvXob ssZh {]am-W-hm-Z--fnse t]mse, Bob ]m]-tamw Fsmcp
]utcm-lnXy{Inbbvv _u-a--e-n
{]k-n-bptm FXv IrXy-ambn Dcw
Is-m-\m-hm Imcy-am-Wv. \nco-iz-c-hm-Zm[n-jvTn-X-amb _u{]m-\-n-epw, ssZhhmZ{]amWhmZ-n-t-Xmb Iep-If
- p-m-bnp-v. F-Xn-\m A-c-samcp k{-Zmbw
Ihnsb hy-ambpw kzm[o-\n-n-p-v. Ihn-XbpsS ]pd- fw Hcp ]m]- t am- - - Y - b psS
{]XoXn P\n-n-p--Xn\p ImcWw CXm-Wv.
]t, Ihn-X-bn Hcp ]mThpw ]Tn-Xm-hpap-v. Hcp bmYmys Pohn-d
- n-bpp FXmWv {][m\ Imcyw. D]-cn-X-e-n hmk-hZ Ipe-hn-cp--amb {]WbPzc-ns Ayn Pohn--dn bmYmyw FXv ]mTam-Wv. Ah D]-Kp-]vX\
- n \nv Fs-nepw
]Tn-n-p-s-n AXp ka-b-ns ]mIw
BWv. Ripeness is all Fp tjIvk]
v n-b. adnv
D]-Kp-]vX Pohn--dn-bp bmYmyw hmkh-Z--bpsS Pohn-X-am-Wv. AXv Hcp ]mThpw
D]-Kp-]vX ]Tn-Xm-hp-am-Wv F-Xn-\m BWv
PohnXhnZym-`ym-k-ns Ay-n \nmW-ns hgn-amdn k-cnv `qan-bnse ZpxJ Pohn--dn-bp {]{In-b-bn-tev Cdn
hc-W-sav Ihn D]-Kp-]vX-t\mSp ]d-bp-Xv
""timIm-i--sb-gm ip kpJhpw ZpxJo-Icn-''p `qan-bn \a-kvIm-c-an-p ({]tcm-Z-\w) Ihn \nKpW {_-hn-Zy-bn \nv,
PohnXZpxJ-hn-Zym-`ym-k-ns `qan-bn-tev
Cdn hc-W-sav D]-Kp-]vX-t\mSp ]d-bp-p.
`qan-bnse PohnX hnZym-`ym-ks
- -m hepX-, ssZh {]amW hmZ-_--amb {_-hn-Zy.
\nm-W-hpw, {_-hn-Zy-bpsS _u-th-Zm-t`-Z-am-Wv. BcmWv Akm-[m-c-W-\mb "Kpcp'
Fv Bim hnh-cn-p-n-Sv Kpcp-[ns ]cn-h-\m--I-ap-J-ap-v. A\yp
KpWw sNbvhXn\v Bbppw h]ppw _en

sNp Kpcp, _env ]pXn-sbm-c aew
cNn-p-I-bm-Wv. Poh\pw ico-chpw _en sNpXv Bob tam-n\p thn-b-. `qanbnse a\p-jyp KpWw sNp--Xn\p thnbm-Wv. A\yp KpWw sNbvhXn-\m-bppw
h]ppw _ensNp a\-mWv Kpcp. Kpcp
{]hm-N-I-\m-Wv. `qX-Ime ]mT--fpsS hnaiIt\m hymJym-Xmthm BWv. AhbpsS hmh-. Kpcp Ihn-bm-Wv. Kpcp-hn-\v, Ihnv Ghpw
hne-s--XmWv B-X-]-v. B-hn-Zy-bpsS
X]-v. ]pXnb Is--ep-I-fp-sS, Adn-hn-s,
Ay-b-\-ns X]-mWv AXv. Kpcp-hn-s,
Ihn-bpsS AkvXnXzw Xs Adn-hns X]m-Wv. A-s\-sbmcp X]-n Pohn-p-hm\mWv GXp-I-hnbpw B{K-ln-p--Xv. Fm
Ihn-bpsS Kpcp A\yp KpWw sNp--Xn\v
Bbppw h]ppw am{X-a
- . [\y-Xz-tamSv BX-]pw _en sNp-p. B-X-]p _en
sNp--Xns [\y-X, B-X-]-ns [\yX-sb-m aln-a-bm-Xm-Wv.
ssPh{]am-W-hm-Z-nepw AtX-m-tfsd
ssZh-{]-amWhmZnepw BIr-jvS-\m-bn-cp
Ihn, Ihn-X-bpsS X]-p-t]-n-v, cmjv{Sob
ka-c-n-\n-d-nb tPm ans Ncn-{Xs
Hmn-p-hm \s t{]cn-n-p-p. Bob- X - b psS hgnv Hcp- ] mSp Zqcw k- c n
ZkvXtb-hn-kvIn-bpsS Atemjy BIm-iv
Dbp \np tKm]p-c-pw \-{Xpw Xmsg InS-p `qansb B{Z-XtbmsS ]cn-cw-`Ww sNp-p-v. \oN-`q-X-en \np Ipdn- p- I Fgp- X p- p- v .
BX]-ns\ \oN-`q-Xe
- _
-
-
- n\p IogvsSp- pI F- X v , B- X - ] - ns hgnv
Hcp]mSp Zqcw k-cn Ihn-bpsS ZpxJ-am-Wv.
Kpcp A\yp KpWw sNp--Xn\v B-X]p Xsbpw _en sNp-p. Ihn Imhy-X]-p-X-sbpw _en sNp-p. ip-amb B\-sbpw ZpxJo-I-cn-p `qan-bn-tev ({]-tcmZ-\w) Cd-n-s-p-p. \nmW \na--\mhmsX nXn-bn-tev Cdn hcpI Fp ]dbp-tm, B-X-]pw _en sNpI Fp
]d-bp-tm, A-a--ehpw `qanbpw Xnep sshcp-y-n Pohn-Xs A\p-`-hnp-Ibpw Zpx-Js Adn-bp-Ibpw sNp- `qanbmWv Ihn-bpsS hgn Fv Bim hy-amp-p. hneyw thUvkvhv A\-iz-c-Xm-KoX-n, ssZh-tmSv G-hp-aS- pp \np
inip-hns ku`m-Ky-i-n-tb-m aqey-ap-]mTw HIvtSm-_ 2013
XmWv `qan-bnse ZpxJ- Adn-bm-\p Ignhv

Fv shfn-s-Sp-p-p-v. Hv P-Z--amb
A\p-{K-lhpw atXv Pohn-Xs Pohn--dn-bptm-gp-m-hp ssh`-h-hp-am-Wv. Imhy-c-N\m
{]h-\-s-tmepw _en-sIm-Sp-p-sImv
kmaqly {]tm-`-n-\n-d-n-n-cn Ihnv
ico-chpw Bbppw am{X-a B-X-]p
Xsbpw _en-sIm-Sp Kpcp hgn-Im-n-bmbn
\np-p.
Icp-W-bpsS HSp-hn D]-Kp-]vXs In
\nv Io- W - sNmcn- b p- p- v .
ZpxJs Adn-bp--h ZpxJ-m Ic-bpn. hmk-h-Z-bvp [tm-]-tZiw \Inb-Xns IrXm-X-b AXn\p Imc-Ww. acW-n-eqsS s]sp \nmW]Z-hn-bn-senb hmk-h-Z-sb Ip hnkva-b-c-khp-a AXv. AXv Icp-W-bpsS Ib-n \nv
ap-amb Dze ê-amWv Fv Ihn ]d-bpp.
ChnsS IcpW D]-Kp-]vXs ico-c-kv]ins A\p-`hw IqSn-bm-Wv. `Kn-\n, tkmZcn
Fn--s\-bp kwt_m-[-\-I sImmWv
D]-Kp-]vX hmk-h-Z--bpsS Io XpS-bvp-sX-nepw B kv]i-amWv \mbI ico-ckv ] i- n tZlw shSnbp eoe- b psSbpw \fn-\n-bp-sSbpw ]c--c-bn hmk-h-Zsb sIms-n-p--Xv. \fn\n
kmXznItZl-am-Wv. eoe-bm-hs \mbI kwKa-ns Ah-k-c-n e`y-amb hkvXp-
sImv tZls Ae--cn-p-I-bm-Wv. Ccphcpw tZlw shSn- b p- p. hmk- h - Z - bpw
\mbI kwK-a-ns aplq-n tZlw
shSn-bp-p.
\fn- \ n- b psS tZl- { ]- I rXw ko- a - .
Fm eoe-bpsS tZl-km-nyw aZ-\s\
]nSn-p-e-bvp-p-v. eoe-bpsS tZl-km-n-yns Xo{h-hn-]-co-X-amWv hmk-h-Z--bp-tSXv.
aZ-P-\I aò-jvS-cq-]hpw X
IZ\ hna\ awK-kw-Khpw
kZb a[p-c-hm-p-ap-n-emgpw
aZ-\\p taml-a-I--t]mse tXmn.
FmWv aZ-\s\ tXSn-sb-p eoesb
ImWp- t m aZ- \ - \ n- e p- m- h p ams
Bim hnh-cn-p--Xv. Znhm-I-cs ico-cn Nmp-a-cn-p \fn-\nv Znhm-I-cs\
Hcp \nanjw ]nSnp \nm Ign-bp-p-shnepw B ac-Ww, Abm-fpsS Pohn-X-ns
8
]mTw HIvtSm-_ 2013
]q \nnX ]mXsb Xpe-bvp-n-. tbmKnbpsS apn kw`-hn-p hy-amb {]Wb-_en am{X-amWv \fn-\n.
]t "eoe'sb ImWp- t m aZ- \ \p
taml-a-I t]mse tXmp-I-bm-Wv. tamlmIp-e-amb a\-m-bn-cpp aZ-\-tXv Fpw,
{]W-bn-\n-bpsS cq]w aZ-\s\ taml-ap--amp-p-sh-p-amWv Ihn ]d-bp--Xv. Bob
aln-a-bpsS taml-a-IXpsIm-mWv, aZ-\
`qK {]hm-l-n-tebvp IpXn-bvp--Xv.
Fm Znhm-I-cs kvt\lkmck]w
`qK-n-te-bv-, `ph\ kwKs \nckn-p kqcys BIm-i-n-te-bvmWv
k-cn-p-X
- v. Xma-csb P\n-n-p \oS-a kzmanbmw chn-bpsS km-c-]-Yw. hfsc
ko- a mb Hcp a\- m- k v { Xm- \ p- ` - h - a mWv
eoebpw aZ-\\pw Xn-ep IqSn-m-gvN-bpsS
k`-n Ihn hn`m-h\ sNp--Xv. tamlw
F-Xv, -A-b-Ym-amb {]Xo-Xn-bmWv. ùXnI-temIw Hcp Ab-Ym {]Xo-Xn-bm-sWp Bi-b-hm-Z-ns a-e-n cq]wsIm Bo-b-Xm-hm-Zw, ùXn-tI-X-c-amb
XXzsBm-hn-s\-bmWv
bmYmyambpw kXy-ambpw ImWp-X
- v. eoebpsS aZ-P-\-I-amb Aò-jvS-cq-]-hpw, a[p-chmpw Dn-emgv aZ-\\v taml-a-I--t]mse
tXmn Fp Ihn ]d-bp-tm taml-sbpw
tam-sbpw kw_-nv m]n-Xa
- m-bn-p
Bob k]- XInSw adn-bp-I-bm-Wv.
Imn tbmKn-sb-m [\y-amb PohnXw \bnn-cp aZ-\\v ""Hcp tbmKn Ch--as]gm'' F {]tbmKw t\mpI tamlm-Ip-eX-bp-m-bn-cpp shpw, Imap-Insb I am{Xbn B taml-a-Ip t]mse tXmn FpamWv Ihn ChnsS ]d-bp--Xv. ChnsS tamlw
FXv Bob tam-ns hymtamlw
Xs-bm-Wv.
\fn\n As-n Hcp kvt\lw Fv {]Ya
J-Im-hy-n\p t]cn-Sp-tm, kvt\lw,
]pcp-jtbm-Kn-bpsS kvt\l Zi-\
- n \np
`n-amb hyXn-cn--X-tbmsS Ah-X-cn-n--sSp-p-v. kvt\ls kmam-\y-h-cn-p
Znhm-I-c taml-\-amb `qan Pohn-Xs shSnbp- - X n\p Imc- W - a mbn Nqn- m- p- Xv
kvt\l-kmcw F GI kXy-s-bm-Wv. `qanbnse PohnXw taml-\-amWv Fpw AXn-s\m t{ijvT-amWv "kvt\lw' Fpw ]d-bptm, "kvt\lw' F k]w `qanbvv
A\yhpw Dr-jvS-hp-amWv Fp hcp-p.
`ph\kwK-as XyPn-m t{]cnn-p

kvt\lw, Cy Bob ]mc--cy-nse
Xs ]c-am-m-hn-ep eb-amtWm? kvt\lam-W-Jn-e-kmc"aqgn'bn Fp ]-d-bp-n-Sv
kv t \lw `qan- b nse eb- a m- W v . F- npw
taml\w `qh\kwK-an \nv kvt\lw
\nanw hnSp amdn \npp F
hymJym-\-n\v ko-X-I-fp-v.
B alm Xncnsb \np \ne
t{]aamw he-bn-emcp hoWnSm
Fsmcp {]kv X m- h - n\p tij- a m- W v ,
kvt\l-Zi\ hymJym\w Ihn D-cn-p--Xv.
\ne t{]a-ns he s]mn-s-dnp-sImmWv, Xncnsb \n-a-lm, kvt\l-kmcw
F AssZz-Xz-n-tebvp aS-p--Xv.
kXys {]m]n--h\v, kpJw Ahn-tbm-KamWv Fp ]d-p-sIm-mWv Znhm-I {]`mjWw Ah-km-\n-n-p--Xv. \fn\n kzw
Pohn-X-n-eqsS aptmp hbvp {]W-bs-m DZm--amb "kXy'apv Fpw, B
kXyw kvt\l-ns Hs--sbpw kmcamWv Fpw, AXn-\m `qan-bnse kvt\ln \np e`n-p--Xn-\p-a-p-d-ap kpJw,
kXys {]m]n--h-\mb X\np e`n-Xp
sImv `qan-bnse kvt\l-ns ]nhn-fnIsf Dt]-n-tn hcpp Fp-amWv \fn\n-bn Ihn ]dp hbvp--Xv. A\-iz-chpw
ùXn-I-hp-amb kvt\l-n \np e`n-p
kpJw A\p-`-hn-p tbmKn-bmb ]pcp-j
F k]-\s Xpcp Ib-dp kv{Xo]p-cpj {]W-b-ns \mZ-s-bmWv Ihn,
\nkvtX-P-am-p--Xv.
`qan-bpw, ùta-X-c-amb kXy ka-Whpw
Xn-ep kwLj-sa--Xv, Bim Ihn-XI-fn Bhn--s-Sp {]ta-b-am-Wv. {]Wbn-Isf {]W-b-c-ln-X-amb {_-kp-J-ns
hgnp \bn-m\pw {]W-bs Fgp-Xn-
- m\p-amWv Bim {ian-Xv Fp ISp Bob-hm-Zn-bmb apV-]-n-X t]mepw iTn-p-Ibn-. {_-N-cy-kp-J-a-t\z-jn-p ]pcp-j-mcpsS Pohn-X-n-te-bvv, t`mK-an-cp sImv
Ib-dn-s-p kv{XoI ]cn-Xy-Pn--s-SpXn\vv D]-cn-h
- a
- mb km[q-Ic
- W
- \nc-pp-sh-nepw BXy-n-I-ambn kv{XoIp
kzbw hg-p ]pcp-j-m-cmWv Bims
\mb-I-m.
"`qan' Bims Ihn-X-bnse Ghpw iamb cq]I ]c--cbpw {]mMvcq]-hp-am-Wv. `qan
D-X--fnse {_-m\ {]m`-hs shphn-fn-p k-S-am-bpw, tem`-\ob ku-cyns amXr tZl-ambpw Bims Ihn-X-bn
{]Xy--s-Sp-p. taml\w `ph-\-kwKw F
Bims {]tbm-K-n k-S-km-y-amb
kmn-y-a-, tem`-\ob ku-cy-ns tZlamWv `qan. Fm "`qan' sb kw_-n
Bims Zi\w k-S-n-t-Xm-Wv. a\pjy
k- S - ns alna Xs- b m- W v, ]ca
kXys {]m]n-p--hs ]c-am-\--sm Ihnp kzoIm-cy-ambn ocp-X
- v. AXpsImp Xs-bmWv `qan-bpsS aIsf Znhm-Ic- s \- X nsc \n_- np sImv ""\ne
t{]aamw he-bn-em-cp-ho-WnSm''Fp Ihn -]-dbp--Xv.
C-hnsS \fn\n Znhm-I-cs Bob alna
Dsm-p-sIm-v, arXn-bn-eqsS kXy-]-c-am\--n-se-pp Fsmcp hymJym-\-amhmw.
Ccw hymJym-\- Znhm-I-c-\n \fn\n
krjvSn-p Ne-\-sf Xa-kv-cn-p
kq{X-_p-n-bpsS D]--fm-Wv. ""Xncnsb
\n alm\v'' Hcp \nanjw Nm-ey-ap-mbn
Fp t]mepw k- X n- m, ^yqU
k u c y t _ m [ - n s
Bob{]Xybimkv{X-a-ln-a-bn A`n-c-an-p- h p k- \ - p- m- h n- . Znhm- I - c
\ne {]W-b-ns he-bn hoW ]pcpj-\mWv. AXp-sImp Xs Hcp \nanjw
Abm Hcp \nanjw Xncnp \np Fp
am{X-a B Nmeyn \nv kXy-{]m]vXs kpJm-h--bn-tebvp Xncn-s-phm Abm B{K-ln-p-p-sh-n t]mepw
\fn\n Abm-fn-ep-m-nb Ne-\- hep-XmWv. Bims \mbn-I-am-scmw ImapIkwK-an ùa{]Wb \ymbw shSnv Bob
tamw {]m]n-pp FXv J-Imhy ]c-c-bpsS hfsc D]-cn--h-amb hmb-\-bm-Wv.
kv{Xo-]p-cpj {]W-bs
- -m A`n-Im-ay-amb
Bo-bX
- b
- psS aln-a
- m-]n-s-Sp-m thnbmWv Cu Imhy--sfm-sbpw Fgp-Xn-bn-pXv Fp ]d-bm-\m-{K-ln-p--hv Nme- ` n- p- I n- b nse ""Acn- b - \ om samt''
Fp XpS-p hcn-I henb klm-b-amWv
sNbvXp sImSp-p-Xv Fnepw _mly-n
{]Xy--am-hp ]e {]kvXm-h--fpw, km{Zm-bnI Bo-b-Xm-hm-Zs XpW-bvp-tm
Xs, Bims J-Im-hy--sfmw Xs
Bob ]co- - b p- s Sbpw {]Wb ]cobpsSbpw kwLj--fmWv F hkvXpX
]mTw HIvtSm-_ 2013
ad-p-Iq-Sm. {]Wbw Bob]pcp-j\

- n Fp
Ne- \ - krjvSnp F- X n- s - b pw,
Bob]pcp- j
{]W- b m- b mb
kv{Xobn Fp Ne-\- krjvSnp FXn-sbpw At\z-j-W-amWv J-Im-hy--fn
ImWp-X
- v. Bob ]pcp-js Ana hnPbw
Chn-sS-sbmw m]n--s-Spp F hmb\
hfsc D]-cn--hhpw DZm-ko-\-hp-am-Wv. An-aambn Bcp Pbn-pp F-X-, ]c-kv]cw
Iqn- t m- \ m- h m Bob \nm- W ns-bpw, {]Wb km^-ey-n-sbpw
LS-\I
- Xn Iqn-ap-p-tm-gp-mhp kwLjw Fp-am{Xw
Xo{h-amWv F-XmWv IhnXsb
Adn- b p- - X n
Ghpw {][m-\-am-bp--Xv.
"ac-W'neqsS {]W-bam-tWm, kv{Xo\n-cm-k-hmZ- ] - c - a mb Bo- b - X bmtWm Aa-c-Xz-amnp-Xv F-XmWv {]k-amb tNmZyw. ]pcp-j\m- b - I s Bo- b hpw
cmjv{So-b-hp-amb aln-asb
sXfnp Imp- -X n-\ p
D]m[n am{X-amWv kv{Xo
{]km- [ \w
sNp
{]Wbw F hmZw
"Nnm-hn-jvS-bmb
koX'bneqsS ISp t]mhp hmb\-m-c\v AwKo-I-cn-m Ign-bp H-.
cma cmPjn- b m- b n- o- c p- n- s - n- e pw,
Bims ap \mb-I-m-scmw `nmw tZlnI- f m- W v . Cc- - h - m- c m- W v . kv { XoI- s fmw
koXsb-tmse Xs asmw shSnv t`mKan-c-p--h-cm-Wv. as-m-ap-t]-n-v, tamns hgn tXSp Cc--h-m-cpw, as-m-apt]-n {]W-b-ns hgn tXSp Cc-ham-cp-amWv Bims \mbnIm\m-b-I-m
(C- c - - h - \ pw, EXp- h mb s]w Htc- K - W ns- S p- p- s hp lcn- \ ma Io- \ w)
AXp-sImp Xs-bmWv ""Cch\pw EXphmb'' s]pw kss-iz-cy-fpw shSn-v,
aqeym-t\z-j-W-ns D-m-bn-bn \np-Xv. Cc--h\pw EXp-hmb s]pw Imhyns tI{-`m-K-ambnocp-tm lcn-\ma
Io- \ - nse KW- \ nb hnth- N - \ ns \ntj[w IqSn-bmWv AXv. Bim
Bob bmYm-n-Xn-I-X-bp-sS-tbm, ]utcm10 ]mTw HIvtSm-_ 2013
lnXy {]am- W - h m- Z - n- s tbm Ihn- b - .

Ihpw m\hpw sImv {_m-Wy-nse-n-t-cm B{K-ln-p A[x-Ir-Xs
In\m-hp-a-. Fm CsXm-s-bmWv Bim
F {]XoXn At-l-ns IhnXbnep-v.
BnX {_m-Wy-n-te-bvp hgn tXSp-hsc am{X-a-, Pohn-Xs Xs ap\w
sNbvXv `nm-]m-{Xs Zmcn-{Zy-n-sbpw
hni-n-sbpw Ncn-{X-]-c-amb hnip-m-\p-I-c-Wam-n-o Fm Bob Zmi-\nI \ne]m-Sp-I-sfbpw XIp If-bp XovWamb ImgvN Bim {]km-[\w sNp
kv { Xo- ] p- c pj {]W- b - n- e pv .
AXp-sImv Bo-b-hm-Zn-bmb
Ihn {]W- b s Bo- b Xbvp Iogvs-Sp-p--Xn\p
thn Fgp-Xnb Imhy-
F aphn[nbpw `mjm
{]Xo-Xnbpw BimIm-hyhm-b\sb hmsX hnIeo-I-cn-n-p-v. Fm hmb\-Is
- fbpw \nb-{n-p-Xv
ss\XnIaphn-[n-I
Xs-bm-Wv. hmb-\
- m-cs
`mhp- I - X z- nse hnthN\t{]c- W - I sf cq]- s - S pp _un-I-amb D]-IcW kwLmXw, {]Xy- b - i mkv{X-]-Xn, Fm Ime-L-n-sebpw A[n-Imcm]-\p-ap-v. DZm-l-c-W-n\v ]cn-nXn, ZfnXv A\-\yX, kv{Xo] ho-Ww, ssewKnI
_lp-kz-c-X, kzh-cXn XpS-nb {]ta-bsf DZm- o- I - c n- p _unID]- I cWkwlnX B[p-\nI tIm-tdv apX-em-fn-n-\p-v. CXv tIm-tdv apX-em-fn-ns km-nI cmjv{So-bs kwc-nm- \ m- h - i y- a mb {]Xy- b - i mkv { XkwLm- X ns CjvS LS-I--fm-Wv. a\p-jy\pw {]IrXnbpw Xn- e p _s \nh- N n- ptm, a\p-jys\ {]Ir-Xnp Iogvs-Sp-n-bpw,
a\p-jy\pw a\p-jy\pw Xn-ep _s
\n-Nn-p-tm ssewKnI]c-am-[n-Im-cs
apJy-ambn Ipw, Nqj-W-ns ASn-m\w
km-n-I-a hwio-b-hpw, tKm{X-]-c-hpw,
tZio-b-hp-amb LS-\-I-fm-sWp knm-n-psIm-pw, a\pjy k]\ \nn-Xn-bpsS
bpnsb XIp-sIm-v, a\p-jys\ t`mKns Pp-fpw D]-t`m-K-ns ]cn-jvIrX
am\y-XI
- f
- p-am-n-ot-X
- ,v tIm-tdv apXem-fn--ns hn]-Wn-bpsS Xm]-cy-am-Wv.
Atm ]cn- n- X n- t bm, kv { Xohm- Z - t am,
hwiob A\-\y-Xtbm {]ta-b-amn Ah-X-cnn-m Ime-L--nse Fgp-p-Im-c/Fgpp-Imcn kzm`m-hn-I-ambpw \n_-n--s-Spw.
]t C-d {]ta-b--fn-tebvv IS-v,
Ahsb hnai- \ m- - I - a mbn hymJym- \ n- v ,
AXnse [\-Imcy apX-emfnns òIc
kmn-ys Xpdp Imp-I-bmWv kmln-Xysa-gp-XpbmfpsS ZuXyw. AmsX tIm-tdv
apX-em-fn--ns {]Xyb-imkv{X kwlnX
I]n-p-X
- p-t]mse CXp tIaw CXp lo\w
F an e-Ws
- am Hcp {]Xy-bi
- mkv{X
km[q-I-cWw \n-ln-p Fgp-p-Im-c-\pw,
A- c - s amcp km[q- I - c Ww hmb- \ - b n- e qsS
At\z-jn-p Fgp-p-Im-c-\pw, A[n-Imc
hyh cq]-s-Sp-p-Ibpw {]N-cn-n-p-Ibpw
sNbvX ]cn-nXnimkv{X\oXn-tm, kv{XohmZ-im-kv{X-\o-Xntm ASn-a-s-SpI am{X-amWv
sNp--Xv. Fm Bim Cy sshZnI
{]Xy- b - i m- k v { Xs Dsm- p- s Im- pw,
sshZn- I - a mb ASn- a - - n- s bpw bmN- \ ({]m-\)bpsSbpw {]ta-b-sf Dsm-psImpw Fm BXy-n-I-ambn Ah-bpsS
\ncmkw D]-Zin-p-sIm-p-amWv IhnX FgpXn-b-Xv.
"ASna' FXv Bims B-]-cn-tim-[\-bn \np ]e-tmgpw ]pd-n hcp
B- c nI {]iv \ - a m- W v . sshZnI {]Xy- b imkv{Xw a\p-jy-\p-ta krjvSn "D]-I-cW
t_m[hpw ASna t_m[hpw ssZh-ns
D]-I-c-Ww, \ntbm-Kw, ASna Fn--s\-bp
k]-\-fpw Bims BZy-Im-hy-sf
Akz--am-p-p-v. ssZh-n-s-bm-bmepw
ssZh-\n-tj-[-amb Kpcp-hn-s-bm-bmepw ]mZ-fn A`-ba
- W
- b
- p ASn-ab
- psS \n-lm-ba
- mb
\ne-hn-fnsb sshZnI{]Xy-b-im-kv{Xw, Cuizc-\n sN-S-p a\p-jys apn-bpsS
a-e-n sIms-n-p-p-v. ]mZ-Zmkys Cuizckmmmc aq-bmn
amp Cu {]Xyb imkv{X k{-Zm-b-stmse Xs-bmWv, "Cc-h's DZm-o-I-cWhpw Cy {]Xybimkv{X-n kw`-hnp--Xv. ùXnIkpJ- apgp-h XyPn-v,
kv{Xo-]p-cpj ssewKn-I-X-bpsS Ah-km\
t{]c-W-I-sfbpw \nc-kn-p-sIm-v, \nmW
]Zw tXSp `nmw-tZ-ln, Zmcn-{Zy-ns tia-\p-`-hn-p P\-X-bpsS Dm-\p-ap-Sp-m-\p-an-
m Ah-sb Xs, A[n-Imc hyh-mkw-c--W-n-\p D]m-[n-bm-n-op-p.

Cuizc \ntj-[-ns Imcy-nepw PmXn
hnth-N-\-ns Imcy-nepw, kv{Xok-a-Xzns Imcy-nepw {_mWy {]Xy-b-imkv{Xs \ntj-[n-n-cp _u {]m-\n\v km-n-Ihpw kmaq-lyhpw a\-m-kv{X]-ch
- p-amb ASn-a
-
- n\pw, Zmcn-{Zy-n\pw ]cnlmcw Is-m Ign-bp-am-bn-cp-n-. ASn-aI-tfmSv ImcpWyw Im-W-sap ]d-bp-hm
am{Xta _u {]m-\-n\p Ign-bp-am-bn-cpp-q.
Cu Hcp ]cn- k - c - n hp thWw,
Bims A-w-Ljs ]cn-tim-[n-t-Xv. Zmcn{Zyw, ASn-aw Fo kmaq-lyhpw
ùXn- I - h p- a mb bmYmy- p- a - p- d tbvp t]mIp-hm-\p hgn-bmWv Zmcn-{Zyn- s bpw
ASn- a - - nsbpw
Bobh-c-Ww. "\mdp DS-ep' Hcphs Pohn-Xw, tNmdn-cp NpW-sIp Nobp
PohnXw AXmWv Xs ùXn-Im-h Fv
Bim Xncn--dn-n-cp-p. ]n-h-Sn-th-e-\pw,
\mbm-Snbpw bmN-I-\p-amb inh\pw A-bpsamw Xs \mdp ico-cs ]pW-cp-Xmbn Xs k-S-v Bizm-k-a-cp-fp-Xmbpw Bim BZy-Ime ko-\--fn
`mh\ sNp-p.
"Zmcn{Zy'tmSv ASn-a--tmSv AXns
kmaq-lyhpw ùXn-I-hp-amb Zpc--tmSv {]XnI-cn-msX Ihnv hgn amdn \S-p-hm Ignbp-am-bn-cp-n-. cn-s\bpw Bo-b-h-cnp-Xv Ah-bpsS ùXnI Zpc--p ]cnlm-c-am-hp-I-bn Fn-epw, k\ym-k-ns
Bob {]Xy- b - i mkv { Xw A- s \- s bmcp
A_--hr-m--n-eqsS B Zpc--p
]cn-lmcw Is-m {ian-p. t`mK-an-c-p
\fn\n {]W-bh
- p-am-sb-p-Xv A-s\-sbmcp
Bob A_--hr--n Pohn-p-sImv
ASn-a--n-sbpw Zmcn-{Zy-n-sbpw ùXnI-amb sISp-Xn-I-p-dv tam-ns
aew BJym\w sNp \mb-Is a\ns\ ]nSn-p-e-bvm-\m-Wv. "ASna'nsbpw "`nmS\'nsbpw `n-cq-]-
Ihn- X - b n hyXykv X e- I m- e - - f n
Bhn- - s - S p- p- v . ASn- a - - ns
Bob A_ hr-n lrZ-b-ns
Xo{h k- S - sf HXp- n- s b- S p- m- \ mWv
Bim kvtXm{X-Ir-Xn-I-fn {ian-p--Xv.
kvXpXn, {]m-\, bmN\ Fn-h-bn-eqsS
]mTw HIvtSm-_ 2013
11
Fm Cc-p-I, bmNn-p-I, {]mn-pI Fo aqp {]h-\-fpw hnt[-b-Xzh-c-W-ns Nn--fm-Wv. Cwojv Hmôkv Ip-I-fn At] Fgp-Xp-tm
I beg, I pray Fn-s\bp {]tbm-K- Htc A-n {]tbm-Kn-p-Xp {inp-I. {]mn-p--h, bmN-I Xs-bmWv F-XmWv CXns Aw. tae-[n-Imcn-tbmSv {]mn-p-I-bpw, bmNn-p-Ibpw sNp Cu ioe-s-bm-Wv, tbmKn-bp-sSbpw
`np-hn-sbpw Xe-n Bim sImp-sN-s-n-p-Xv Fn-epw, "Cc-mfn'bpsS
DZm--h-c-Ww, Bims Xs kzmX{y kaXz kvt\lm-Zi-p hn]-co-Xam-bn-o-cp-p. Cc--h-s\--t]mse kv{Xobqw, ]mZ-ip-{iq-j-I-\mb iq{Z-s\--t]mse
Xcp-Wn-bpw, Fmw Dt]-n-n-d-n-tm-Ip--h-cm-Wv. As-n Fmw \jvS-s-Sp-htcm \jvS-s-Sp-n-b-htcm BWv. Cmbva F ùXn-I-amb Zpc-h--sb, DZm-o-Icn-pI F {]IrXw Bims J-Im-hy--fn s]mXpsh Dv. ]pcp-j -\m-b-Imcpw kv{Xo \mbnI-amcpw, tams As-n {]W-bs ap\n-dpn asmw
]cn-Xy-Pnv Cm-bvasb kzmKXw sNp--h-cm-Wv. Bim kzw Pohn-X-n A\p-`hn--dn Cm-bva-bpsS Xo{h-k--Ss Cmbva kzbw-h-cn-p \mbnIm\m-b-I-mcpsS BZi{]h-\-ambn ]cn-hn-n-p-p.
shfn-s-Sp \nkzs hynXzw kvtXm{X- -Xv. Cu DZm \mb-I-m-cm-hs mknIv
Ir-Xn-I-fn \np J-Im-hy--fn-se-p- \mbIk]-nse [otcm-Zm-\pw AXntm `np-hns ]pcp-j\
- mbIXz-amn-p- {]- X m- ] - h m\pw KpW- h m- \ p- a mb k{am- ns
p. Xo{h-tim-I-ns m\-v, tbmKn-bpsS t\hn-]-co-X-am-Wv. Fmw shn-n-Snv Fm\nw-KX {]Xy--s-Sp-p. Bims ]pcp-j- n\pw aosX \np N{I-hn-bpsS hncp\m-b-Is _oP-cq]w Cc--h Xs-bm-Wv. -ap-J-am-Wv, Fmw shSn-bp--Xns A`n-am-\- m-bI
- . cpw A[nCu Cc-m-fn-t_m-[w, kvtXm{X-Ir-Xn-I-fn ]- n Pohn-p ]pcp-j\
bmbn thZ-\n-p-p-ap-v. ""tNmdn-cp NpW- Im-c-hy-h--bpsS [\m--Ihpw EWm--I-hpsIp Nobptam?'' F {]tbm-K-nse "NpW' amb {[ph- - f mbn {]hn- p- s Imv
FXv knwl-\m-Z
- nse B-in {]Wbw A[nImc-hy-h-sb kwc-n-p-p.
Xs-bm-Wv. ]e-Ir-Xn-I-fnepw Bhn--sFm Cc-p-I, bmNn-p-I, {]mnSp A`n-am\w Xs-bm-Wv. Cc-m-fn-bmb ]pcp- pI Fo aqp {]h-\-fpw hnt[-b-Xzj-\v, Ahs hnp ]nf am\-t_m-[-n\v h- c - W - ns Nn- - f m- W v . Cwojv
BobA_--hra-e-n A`n-am\w Hmôkv Ip-I-fn At] Fgp-Xp-tm
cq]-s-Sp-n-sb-Sp-m-\mWv Bim {ian-p- I beg, I pray Fn-s\bp {]tbm-K-
-Xv. Cc-m-fn-bmb Ihnv Xp-ey-\m-Wv, Xe- Htc A-n {]tbm-Kn-p-Xp {in-ptbm-Sp-tan \S-p inh FXv kvtXm{X- I. {]mn-p--h, bmN-I Xs-bmWv
Ir-Xn-I-fnse BizmkhN-\-am-Wv. Cc--h-\mb F-XmWv CXns Aw. tae-[n-Im-cn-tbmSv
inh FXv Cc--h-m-cpsS irwJ-e-bmb {]mn-p-I-bpw, bmNn-p-Ibpw sNp Cu
Bims \mb-I-m-cpsS {]mMvcq]-am-sWp ioe- s - b m- W v , tbmKn- b p- s Sbpw `np- h n]d-p. Ccp Pohn-p a\p-jym-h-sb sbpw Xe-n Bim sImp-sN-s-nA`n-am-\-cq-]-am-n-op--Xn\v, Bob p-Xv Fn-epw, "Cc-mfn'bpsS DZm-h
- A_--hr-s D]-tbm-K-s-Sp-p-tm-gm- c- W w, Bims Xs kzmX{y kaXz
Wv, Znhm-I-c-tbmKn apX D]Kp]vX hsc- kvt\lm-Zi-p hn]-co-X-am-bn-o-cp-p.
bp \mb-I-m cq]-sa-Sp-p--Xv. Fmw ]cn- Cc--h-s\--t]mse kv{Xobqw, ]mZ-ip-{iq-jXy-Pn-p-sImv `np-cq-]-n-se-p ]pcp-j- I-\mb iq{Z-s\--t]mse Xcp-Wn-bpw, Fmw
\pw, XyPn-m-s\m-p-an-m--Xp-sImv `np- Dt]-n-n-d-n-tm-Ip--h-cm-Wv. As-n
hm-bn-o-cp ]pcp-j\pw Xn-ep k-e-\- Fmw \jvS-s-Sp--htcm \jvS-s-Sp-n-bamWv Bims \mbI cq]-. XyPn-m-s\m- htcm BWv. Cmbva F ùXn-I-amb Zpc-hp-an-m Cc--h-\mb ]pcp-js\ Bo-b- - s b, DZm- o- I - c n- pI F {]IrXw
Im-\n-I-X-bpsS a-e-n-te-bvp-bp- Bims J-Im-hy--fn s]mXpsh Dv.
tm-gmWv Ah DZm--\m-b-I-m-cm-bn-o-cp- ]pcp-j -\m-b-I-mcpw kv{Xo \mbnI-amcpw,
12 ]mTw HIvtSm-_ 2013
tams As-n {]W-bs ap\ndpn asmw ]cn- X y- P nv Cm- b v a sb

kzmKXw sNp-h
- c
- m-Wv. Bim kzw PohnX-n A\p-`-hn--dn Cm-bva-bpsS Xo{hk- - S s Cmbva kzbw- h - c n- p
\mbnIm\m-bI
-
- m-cpsS BZi{]h-\a
- mbn
]cn-hn-n-p-p.
ASn-a
-
- ns, bmN-\b
- psS, Cm-bvab
- psS
BZi-h-cW
-
- n\v Bo-bX
- b
- psS A_m-\p-`-hhrw, Bo-b-X-bpsS A_-m-\p`hhrs XIp--Xn-\v, Cm-bva-bpsS
Xe-n-tebvv Cdn hcp kv{XobpsS
{]Wbw C-s\-sbmcp kmam-\y-]--Xn-bmWv
Bim kzoI-cn-n-cn-p--Xv. Bo-b-X-bpsS
A_-m-\p-`h
- h
- r-a
- mbn BIm-ih
- pw, AXns
hn]-co-X-amb k-Sm-\p-`h {]tZ-i-ambn `qanbpw
Bim AS-bm-fs
- -Sp-n-bn-cn-p-p. k-S
- fpsS `qanbpw BIm-i-ns Boba-efpw Xn-ep sshcp-ys a\-n-emmsX Bim IhnX hmbn-s-pI Akmy-am-Wv. Hcp bYm Ihnsb cq]-s-Sp-pXv DZm--sap Icp-Xp PohnX k]\-f
- psS Akzo-Im-cy-XI
- f
- m-Wv. ChnsS Cy
Bo-b-X-bpsS DZm a-e-n Aancn- p tam- b p- n- s - X n- s c- b mWv
a\pjyk-S--fpsS `qansb Bim \n_-np--Xv. k-S--fn \np tamN-\-a-,
k-S- Adn-bp--Xn\p Ign-bp lrZ-bamWv Ihn At\z-jn-p--Xv. `qan kpJ--Zpx-J-fpsS k-e-\-am-sW-nepw `qansb k-S-fpsS e-am-bmWv Ihn ImWp--Xv. BImiw
k-S--fpsS m\-n \np tamN-\hp-am-Wv. AXp-sImv Bims Fm {]W-bfpw km[y-am-hp-Xv k-S--fpsS `qan-bn
hm-Wv. "`qan' kmy-an-msX \fn-\n-bnse
{]W- b s Xsbpw km[q- I - c n- p- h m
Bim Xm-dm-hp-n-. Nme `npIn
am{X-amWv CXn-s\mcp A]-hm-Z-ambnocp-Xv
Fnepw Nmen Xsabv ZznPs _oP-]n- n- \ q- j - c - a mtWm Fp tNmZn- p
_p a\p-jys\ Pp-]c
-
- c
- b
- psS Ct-e-bvse In F \ne-bn-emWv hnh-cn-pXv Fp-IqSn ImtW--Xp-v.
Fs GI-[-\-ap Poh-\
ss t`mK-a-Xp-sas tamhpw
Fsboi ZrV-an--Zm-_pwP
ns koa-bnXp t]mIn-en Rm
Fp ]d-bp-n-Sv GI ]pcp-j-t\m-Sp
kq-amb ASn-aw {]Wb `mh-\b

- n-eqsS
{]Im- i n- n- - s - S p- p- v . ASn- a w F
ùXnI Pohn-Xm-h-sb {]W-b-`m-h-\-bn-eqsS
kmm- c n- p- t m Pohn- X - nse
ùXnIZpc-
- sf {]W-b
- n-sbpw Bob
`mh-\-bp-sSbpw A_--hr---fn-eqsS adn-IS-pI F ku-cy-c-N\m X{-amWv Ihn
Ah-ew-_n-p--Xv. Bo-bX F t]mse
Bo-b-X-bpsS `mhp-I-Xz-ap {]W-bhpw Hcp
^me-kn Xs-bm-Wv. Fm \fn\n {]Wbm-\p-`-hs t`mtK-Xc tam-am-bn- t`mKm\p-_ tam-am-bn-mWp ImWp--Xv. t`mKsbpw tam-sbpw AXn-Im-\n-I-ambn
ka- \ z- b n- n- p Cu hnkv a b ]- X n,
"bmYmy's adn-I-S-p-hm {ian-p
Ihn-bpsS kwLj-n\v ]cn-lm-c-am-hp-n.
"`qan' ^me- k n- b psS Imhy- h m- M v a - b - t mSp
ak-cn-p-sIm-v, bmYmy-ns kambn Ihn-X-bn ISp hcp-I-bpw, Ihn-X-bpsS
kqvam-ns apJyL-SI
- a
- mbn {]hnp-Ibpw sNp-p.
\nXy-`m-kp-c -\-`ctf
nXy-h _X:\n-tfmnSm
Fv Ihn \fn-\n-bn ]d-bp-p-v. \nXy`m-kp-ca
- m-b, BIm-ia
- m-hpw, nXn-bpsS Ahbpw Xn-ep Cu sshcpyw Xs-bmWv, \nXy-`m-kp-c-amb \nm-W-ns BImi- a m- t p t]mIp D]- K p- ] v X - t \m- S v ,
nXn-bn-tev aS-n-h-cm A`yn-p
Ihn-bpsS hmp-If
- nepw {]Xn-ê
- n-p-X
- v. \fn\n- b n- s , \fn- \ n, Znhm- I - c - t bm- K nsb
Fs\ _m[np Fp hni-Z-am-p-n-Spw
Bob ^me-kn-tbmSv CSp \np
Hcp _nw_-ambn "`qan' {]Xy-s
- -Sp-p-v. \fn\n-bpsS {]mW-hn-tbm-K-s-n Znhm-I-c
kwkm-cn-p-tm tbmKn-bpsS Dv De-bppv FmWv Ihn ]d-bp--Xv. Dv Aenm `qanp-t]mepw Ne-\-ap-m-hpw. banbmb tbmKnv A-c-samcp Ne\apm-hp-Xn A`p-X-an Fp ]-d-bp-tm Dp-dns Imcy-n ban-bmb Znhm-I-c-s\-m
aln-a-bm-XmWv `qan F {]Xy hnh
Xs-bp-v.
t{]a-Ku-c-h-an-b-n-h--ap
kvtXb-a--cp-fn, bmp ]nsbpw
B alm \nP-b-aw, Nen-pta
`qanbpw lrZ-b-eo\ tlXp-hm
]mTw HIvtSm-_ 2013
13
t{]aKuc- h - a m- t m, Dkv t X- b - a - v ,
Dns ZrV-X-bp-ev Znhm-I-c C{Xbpw
]d-p. ]nsbpw B alm Xs ba-ns
Ah--bn-tep aS-n-s-p. lrZ-bs
kv ] in- p tlXp- h m `qan Xsbpw
I\w sImp nXnv, ban-bmb a\pjy-\n-ep-mb Ne-\-n A`p-X-n-\p-h-Ibn FmWv Ihn-]-d-bp--Xv.
""Ic-]n \np hopw IpWp-n- Ipfn-te-bv-c-bnS-t]mse'' aS-n-tm-hp
hmk-h-Z--bn {]Wbw krjvSn Ne-\n\p kam-\-amb Hcp A\p-`h k`-am-WnXv. hmk-h-Z-bpw Znhm-I-c\pw Pohn-X-ns
hyXykvX Xe--fn \nv {]W-b-\n-cmkw
\S-p--h-cm-Wv. ba-n-tebvp aS-n-tmhp Znhm-I-c hmp-I-fn De-p-sIm-ncp \nan- j - - f n {]W- b - n- \ - [ o- \ \mbnocp- I - b m- b n- c p- p. tbmKnp baw
t]mse Xs-bmWv A`n-km-c-Wnv Xs
icoc t`mK- b - w. \fn\n D- c n- p
"t`mK'ns Acm-P-I-amb hgn-bm-Wv, hmkh-Z--bp-tS-Xv. tam-ns (kz-b-a-S-p-,
B-j-o-I-c-W-n-s) hgn-bmWv baw.
cpw kv{Xo]p-cpj {]W-b-ns FXn-c--fm-Wv. Hp Zpc]q-amb nXy-h--bmsW-n atXv \nXy-`m-kpc \ìvNc-Xz-am-Wv.
Bims `qan ZrV-X-bp-Xpw Fm ImcpWy-m ]nSn-p-e-bv-s-Sp--Xp-amb lrZ-bam-Wv. Znhm-I-c- Hcp \nanjw B lrZ-bs
Adn-bp-p. `qansb Adn-bp-p. \nm-W-]Zs ey-am-n-bp {]bm-Ws Dt]nv `qan-bpsS lrZ-bs Adn-bpXn\p
Ign-hn-tebvv Fn-t-cm-\mWv Ihn D]-Kp]vXs\ D]-tZ-in-p--Xv.
A\y-Po-h\v B{i-b-ta-Im thn kzw
PohnXw \on-h-bvp tbmKn-bpw, B
\nm-W-]-Z-a-t\z-jn-p tbmKnbpw Xnep sshcp-yhpw Bim ]cn-K-Wn-p-pv. sshZn-I-\pw--E-jnbpw Xn-ep sshcpy-am-W-Xv. ""k\ymknIfn-n-s\ Cn--an-btm, h\ym-{i-a-ta-ep--hcpw'' Fp Ihn ]dbp-p. Kml-y-n-s-bpw, hm\-{]--nsbpw am-a-h-ew-_n-p k\ym-kn-InS-bn C-s\-sbmcp k\ymkn C Fv
Bim ZrV-X-tbmsS ]d-bp--Xn\pImc-Ww,
B tam-ns X]-ns\s _ensN-p--h-\mWv Cu k\ymkn F-Xm-Wv.
A\yp KpWw sNbvhXn\v F Bibw
\fn- \ n- b n Xs ]d- b p- p- v . Bbppw
h]ppw A\yp KpWw sNp--Xn-\mbn

kan-pI FXp am{X-a
- , A\y-cpsS KpWn- \ mbn B- X - ] - n- s \- X - s bpw _en
sNpp F-XmWv Kpcp-hns almyw
Fp ]d-bp-tm Bo-b-X-bpsS BIm-itam--s-m Imay-amWv `qan-bnse ZpxJhp-am-bp {]Xn-{]-h\w Fp hy-amhp- p- v . A\yp KpWw sNp- - X n\v
B-X-]v _en sNm Znhm-I-c\p Ign-bpn-. AtX-k-abw A\y-Pn-h-\p-XIn kzPohnXw [\y-am-m-sav Abm ]d-bp-Ibpw
sNp-p.
B-X-]-ns _en F Bi-b-hp-ambn
_-s-Sp-m-hp Hcp hoWw "`{Zm-k-\-n-bnse sIme-]m-XIw' F Imhy-\m-S-In Sn.-F-kv.-F-en-bv Ah-X-cn-n-p-p-v.
Fp-sImv Pohn-Xhpw c-km-n-Xzhpw
F tNmZy-n\v D-c-a-t\z-jn-p-tm Hcp
c- k m- n- X z- ntmepw B- _ - e nbntmepw al- X z- ns ac- W m- \ - c
Ion-bpsS t{]c-W-I ]Xn-bn-cn-pv FXn-\m, AXmWv B-_-en-bpsS \nzm-Xbvv Ghpw òj-Wa
- mb shp-hnfn DbpXv Fv Ah-km-\s {]tem-`\
- s ap\ndpn Fen-bv {]kvXm-hn-p-p-v. BImis \nXy-`m-kp-c-amb \-{X--fn-sem-mbn-o-cp--Xn-s\-m t{ijvT-amWv `qan-bpsS
ZpxJ-n ]p-tN-cpI F-Xv. Bob ^mekn-bn \nv `qan-bnse ZpxJ-n-tebvv
F ho-W-am-Wv, \nm-W-ns hgn
shSnv `qan-bpsS ZpxJ-n- ]p-tN-cm D]tZ-in-p "IcpW'bpsS Ah-km\ hcn-I-fn
{]Im-in-p--Xv. Aen-hp lrZ-b-amWp `qanbp- t SXv Fp "\fn\n'bn ]d- b p- t m- g pw,
A\yp KpWw sNp- - X n- \ m- b ppw
h]ppw B X]pw _en sNpp Fp
]d-bp-tm-gp-sa-mw, Bob ^me-kn-bpsS
\-{X-Zo-]vXn-bn \nv hnp-amdn `qan-bn-tep
k-cn-p-I-bpw, `qan-bpsS Dm-bn-o-cp-Ibpw
sNp PohnXs kw_-n-p Zi-\amWv hnSp hcp--Xv.
"\fn\n'bn \nXy- ` m- k pc \`- - c - fpw
nXy-h- Xn-ep sshcp-ys Ihn
kv]in-p-p-v. nXy-h--bpsS XmgvN
Adn-bp-tm, Xs "taml\w `ph\kwKw'
Fsmcp I]-\-bpw, AXn\p hn]-co-X-amWv
"kv t \lw' F hmZhpw D- b n- p- I bpw
sNp-p-v. Fm \fn\n As-n Hcp
kvt\lw FXv A\yPo-h-\p-X-Ip [\yX
BWv Fp ]d-bp-tm, kv{Xo]p-cpj {]Wbw, `ph\ kwKaw Fn- h - s bms B

kvt\l-n\p ]pdp \np taml\
hymtam-l--fmWv Fsmcp Bibw IqSn
hywKy- a m- h p- p- v . \ne {]W- b - n
hoWp N-e-\mb Znhm-I-c {]W-b-ns
he t`Znp {_-Xz-n-tep k-cn-p-p.
A\y-Po-h-\p-X-In-smv kzPo-hnXw [\y-amp {]h-\s
- -m t{ijvTa
- mb BX-]-n-eqsS Abm "Ahn-cX kpJ'amnp- I - b mWv. Fm B- X - ] - ns\
Xsbpw _en sNp temIm-\p-cm-Knv
hncm-a-an-m kpJ-amn-p-hm Ign-bp-Ibn-. Ahn-c-X-kp-Jm-\-am-Wv, \nm-W-neqsS km[y-am-hp--Xv. B amw shSnv
nXn-bn-tev Cdn hcm-\m-Wv, "IcpW'bn
Ihn shSn-mb `mj-bn Xpdp ]d-bp--Xv.
\fn-\n-bn Znhm-Ic
- Ahn-cX kp-Ja
- mnp, Fmw ip`-ambn Fp ]d-bp-tm "{_`qb'amWv, ]pcp-js D-a-am-sa-pw, \fn\n-bpsS Zi\m hnj-b-ta-L-taXpw Nnhr-n-bn \np amp, ip-kp-J-ns
Ah--bn-tep Znhm-I-c k-cn-p-pshpw Ihn ]d-bp-p. ChnsS \fn\n aZP-\I-amb cq]-a-, im-hoNn t]mse, Imnt]mse, Im-\mZw t]mse, ip-km-n-yam-Wv. Fm eoe-bn eoe-bpsS aZ-P-\-Iamb Aò-jvSc
- q-]h
- pw, AwK-kw-Kh
- pw, kZb a[pc-hmpapn-em-gp-tm aZ-\\p taml-a-I-t]mse tXmn. Bims \mb-I-m-scmw
\mbnIamv ssewKnI{]W-b-n \np
Bobtam-n-te-bvp hgn ImWnp
sImSp-p-p-sh coXn-bn-ep hmb\ A-]lm-kyhpw _men-i-hp-am-Wv. As\ hmbn-p-h IhnX A Ihn-Xsb kw_-n-p
aphn-[n-I-fmWv hmbnp sImn-cnp--Xv.
Znhm-I-cs a\-n hnj-b-ta-L-_m[bpmIm Xc-n Nn--hr-nsb ipo-I-cnm \fn-\np Ignp Fpw, aZ-\\p tamlap-m-bn-cp-p-shpw tamlw AI-X
- p-t]mse
tXmn Fp-amWv Ihn ]d-bp--Xv. Znhm-Ics\ {_-kp-J-tm-S-Sp-n-p-I-bpw, aZ-\s
Bob tamlm- I p- e XIsf aZ- P - \ - I - c q]w
sImv Cm-Xm-p-Ibpw sNpI F-XmWv
Ah-cpsS [-. cpw hn]-coX [-fm-Wv. Znhm-I-c {_-`q-b-n-tebvpw aZ\ `qan-bpsS XmgvN-bn-te-p-amWv k-cn-p- X v. tbmKn- h - c y- m- c mb \mb- I - msc
kv{XobpsS {]Wbw Fs\ _m[n-pp
Fm-Wv Bim {][m\ J-Im-hy--fneqsS Is-m {ian-p--Xv. kmXznI{]Wbn-\n-bmb \fn\n (Bims Xs \ncq-]-WamWv AXv) Znhm-I-c\p taepw cmPk{]W-bn\n-bmb eoe aZ-\\p taepw Xmak{]W-bn-\nbmb hmk-h-Z D]-Kp-]vX-\p-taepw Gnp ss\Xn-Im-Lm-X-amWv Bims {][m\
BJym\{]tab-am-bn-o-cp--Xv. koX-bm-hs
tbmKn-bmb ]pcp-j-\p-ta Hcp ss\XnI shphnfn DbpI am{X-a `mc-Xob ]pcp-j-a-\xim-kv{X-nse kv{Xo\n-cm-k-bp-n-bpsS A`nIm-ay-X-sb-s B{I-an-p-I-bpw, tbmKnbpsS Bo-bm-[n-Im-c-hy-{K-X-bpw, k{am-ns
cmjv{So-bm-[n-Imc hy{K-Xbpw Hp tNcp
{iocm-a-_nw-_s ]nSn-p-e-bvp-Ibpw sN-pp. ssIbn HmSp-tan \S-p D-e-_mW-\pw, ssIbn A[n-Im-c-ns sNtm-epambn \S-p {iocm-a-N-{\pw A[n-Imc LS\-bpsS EWm--I-hpw, [m\m--I-hp-amb {[ph-fm-Wv. Ch hn]-co-X--fmWv F-t]mse
]c-kv]c]qc-I--fp-amWv. CXn-sem-ns\ am{Xap-]-Po-hnv Hcp hyh-bvv \ne \nm
Ign-bp-I-bn-. t`mK-an-c-p kv{Xo {]W-bns Du-in Dbn-smp hv
A[n-Imc LS\sb ]nSn-p-e-bvp-p. Znhm-Ic
a\-nse hnj-b-ta-Lhpw aZ-\s taml-hpw,
ZpxJ-k-Xy--\mb D]-Kp-]vXs \nm-Wmk- n- b p- s amw \ntj- [ n- - s - S p- Xv
kv{XobpsS kv]i-mem-Wv.
kv{Xo `qan-]--tbvpw ]pcp-j kqcy]--t-bvp-sa-p km{-Zm-bnI Zmi\nI \ne-]m-Sn \np-sImv Ah Xn-ep
ssPh-cmkkwtbm-Ks cq]-s-Sp-m-\mWv
BimIhnX bXv\n-p--Xv. C\n-bm-{X-]-dn-St Fp ]d-bp koX, Zn\-km-{am-Py-]Xn-bmb kqcy \nXy-`m-kp-c-\-`--c-ambn hneks Fm-iw-kn-p-tm \fn-\n-bn ]cmain- - s - S p nXy- h - bpw \nXy- ` mkpc\`- - c - fpw Xn- e p sshcpyw
XovW-ambn {]tIm-]n-n--s-Sp-p-v. "I\nhmsgpa-a-ew' FXv `qan-n-fntebvv AS-p koX-bpsS Xo{h-tim-Ins Zi-\-am-Wv. I\nhv FXv ChnsS
Zpc-m-\p-`-h-ambn amdp-I-bm-Wv.
kmwJy-n cq]-s-Sp ]pcp-j--{]-IrXn
k]s hen- s bm- c - f- t hmfw Bim
]nXp-S-cp-p-s-nepw, Imhy {]mMvcq]-I-sf \ne-bn `qan-bpw, kqcy\pw {]Ir-Xn--]pcpj {]mMvcq]-I
- f
- psS ]nXp-S F \ne]mTw HIvtSm-_ 2013
15
bn ]p\-cm-Jym-\-n\p ]mI-s-Sp-I-bm-Wv.
]pcp-j {]Ir-Xn-p-ta I{]tbmKw \Sp ]pnwKcq]-am-Wv. ]t Bims IrXnI-fn I {]tbmKw \S-p ]pcp-js
m\-tap-Xv {]W-bn-\n-I-fm-Wv. kqcy
BIm-i
- n-eqsS Nen-p-Ibpw \n-ea
- mb `qanp-ta shbnepw hj-]m-X--fp-ta-n-pIbpw sNpp Fp--Xp-sIm-mWv kqcy\v
]pcpj {]Ir- X - a p- m- h p- - X v . `qan- p- t a
I{]tbmKw \S-pp F A-nemWv a\pjy]pnw-Ks ]pcpj Fp \n-Nn-p--Xv.
`q]-cn-n-Xn-bpsS D-c-X-]pdp
sImp
hcp
I{]tbm-Ka
- mWv `q]-Xn-bmb
]pcp-j. ]t kv{Xobp-sS,
{]Ir-Xn-bpsS D-cX ]pd-psIm- p- h - c m Xm- d - m
{_-N-cy-ns DS-ep-I-fmWv
Bims ]pcpj \mb-I-m.
{_-Nc
- y-sa-Xv B hywI-c-W-am-Wv. CXv \oXo-I-cn-m\m-hm \ncmk]-Xn-bmWv
F hkvXp-X-bmWv Bims
{]W-bn-\n-am Ah-cpsS PohnXhpw ac- W hpw sImp
kan-p--Xv.
\nXy-`m-kpc \`--c-fpw
nXy-h-bpw Xn-ep sshcp-yw, a\pjys\ \n-Nn-p--Xn \nm-bI LS-Iam-bn-o-cp-p. {]tcm-Z-\-nse Ah-km\
tmIw "Ahn-cX kpJ-am-n-p' Znhm-Ic-tbm-Kn-bpsS {_-`qbkpJk-s \nckn- p- p- v . BIm- i - sf A- c m- i nIsfmSpw `n-p-Ibpw BIm-i-nse kl{k-\-{X Pze-\-sf AXn-i-bn-p {]Imi-Im-n-sIm-v, AXn-s\-sbmw A-Im-c-amn-op-Ibpw sNp asm-cm-Im-iw, a\pjy- i - c ocw shs- c n- b p An- P zm- e - b n
\np-b-cp-p-v. `qan-bpsS Xo{h-Zpx-J--fpsS
I\- e p- I \- { X- sf AXn- i - b n- p
{]Imim\--fmbn amdp-I-bpw, AXns
An asm-cm-Im-i-am-bn-o-cp-Ibpw sNp-p.
tlm]vInkns hn-tUm-hd
- nse Pze\kmaym\p-am-\s CXv A\p-kva-cn-n-p-p. \nXy-`mkpc\`--c--fpw, Ah-bpsS {]bm-W-]-Y-neqsS {_m-\ kpJ-n-tebvp Nen-p
]pcp-j-mcpw shp-hn-fn--s-Sp-p. \`-n-s\Xnsc asmcp \`p \n_-n--s-Sp-I-bm-Wv.
Ahn- c XkpJw
F
{_m- \
kpJss-bm-Wv, "{]tcm-Z\'n Ihn
"timIm-i--sb-gm kpJw' Fp-hn-ti-jn-np--Xv. timIm-i--sb-gm kpJ-sbpw
ZpxJo-Ic
- n-p GIm-hpw GI-hp-amb `qanv
Ihn \a-kvIm-c-an-p-tm, \nXy-`m-kp-c-\`--c-sf nXy-h--bpsS t\cn\p IogvsSp-p- Zi\w cq]-s-Sp-p-v. timIm-i-sb-gm kpJhpw ZpxJo-I-cn-p `qhn\p
\Im Ign-bp-Xv B\-m-\p-`q-Xn-b-, adnv
im- a m- W v . Imen- - S n- b nepw
Akz--X-bpsS tImem-l-e tIpp Fpw, `qan
ZpxJo-I-c-Wm-\p-`-h-am-sWpw
ImWpI am{X-a `qankwtbmK-n \nv imn e`n-pp-shp IqSn Ihn ]d-bp-p.
Xo{h-ùa k-S--fpsS XmgvNI-- f - d n- b p- t m- h p- m- h p
imn, Hu]\n-j-ZnI imnbpsS [oc-amb BJym-\-am-Wv.
kqcy- s \bpw A- a - - e sbpw [ym\np tatemp
Ib-dp \nmW ]pcp-j-\-.
kv{XobpsS, `qan-bpsS ]nf
amdn- S - n- t ebv v Cd- n- s p am\p-jnI ]pcp-j-\m-Wv.
Ihn-X-bpsS kwLj a-en \nv D- - a m- h p D- c w.
{]IrXn]pcpj k]-\-n ]pcp-js\
{]tem-`n-n-p ip-kp-J-a--e-hpw, hyYnX-`q-a--e-hp-ap-s-pw, CXn `qa--e-nem-Wv, ]pcp-j Hcp {]tbm-K-ambn amtd--Xv
Fp-ap hnh--bmWv ChnsS {]Im-i-\-sSp--Xv. ""taml\w `ph-\-kwKw'' F {]tbmK- nse tem`- \ ob{]Ir- X n- b `qan. AXv
timIm-i-sb-gm kpJhpw ZpxJo-I-cn-p
A\p-`-h-am-Wv. AXp-sIm-m-Wv, \nmWw
shSnv nXy- h - - b psS t\pt\
\nm Ihn D]-Kp-]vX-t\mSv ]d-bp--Xv.
taml\`ph-\-kw-K-n \np ]nn-cnp kv t \lw, A\y- P o- h n- X - n\v \
sNp {]h-\-amWv Fv \fn-\n-bn
ImWp- p. A\yp KpWw sNp- - X n\v
Bbppw h]ppw B-X-]pw \n-m-Wns ip- k p- J hpw _en- s N- p- n- S p
Xsbpw A]q-X-bp-v. {]Ir-Xn-tbm-Sv,
kv{XotbmSv \oXn-sN-p-ptm F-XmWv
auenI{]iv\w. t`mK-an-c
- p-Ib
- pw, \nc-kn-s
- -
Sp-Ibpw sNp kv{Xobm-Wv, timIm-i--sbgm kpJhpw ZpxJo-I-cn-p--Xv.

{_-Ncyw, I\y-ImXzw Fn--s\-bp
\njvT-I-fn-eqsS ]cn-]m-en--s-Sp kvt\lw,
FXv ]pXnb Ime- ns ]cn- n- X nhmZ\ne-]m-Sp-I-tfm-S-Spp \np--Xm-Wv.
`q{]-Ir-Xn-bpsS I\y-Im-Xzs \ne-\nnsmp \S-m-hp hnI-k-\-s-bmWv ]cnnXn hmZn-I k-bn-\-_n sUh-e-vsa v
Fp ]-bpXv. `qan-bpsS D-c-Xsb ]pdp-sImp hc- Xc-n a\p-jy(-]pcp-j) `qan-bp-ambn {]-hn-m ]mSn
Fp ]d-bp-Xpw {_-Ncyw FXv ]pnwK
[oc- X bmWv Fpw I\y- I mXzw FXv
kv{XoenwK hnip-n-bmWv Fp-ap Cu ImgvNm-Sv, bmYm-n-Xn-I-am-Wv, ]cn-h\ hncp-am-Wv. IjvS-`q-ansb kmz-\-s-S-pI FX-, `qan-bpsS D-c-Xsb ]pd-p-sImp
hcpI Fp--XmWv ]pcpj[w.
It-dp-sImp Iep-j--S-enagvpw
s]p-fpw ]pgp-Xnp s]men-p-t]mhpw
Fpw,
Gg-s-n-en-c-p-an--a-Xn-ens-n{X Imcyw hrYm
Iognt-he ioeanr-an-Ifpw
{IoUnp Io-etbm
Xmgpp Itc-dn-hp X]km
knnsmco ]ucpjw
]mgn ssIsh-Sn-sbm
Fpw "Iman-\n-KlW'nepw
s]sp s]sImSn NnX- b v n- c - b mbv
hcpp
]n-p-ami-b-h-fn ]Xnbm ]pcm-tc
Fp "sshcmKy ]I'nepw Ihn ]dbp-p-v. kv{Xo Hcp tem`-\o-b-Xbm-bn-cn-pIbpw ]pcp-j-Xz-n\p shphnfn-bm-bn-o-cpIbpw sNp Hc-h--bn-emWv Gg-s-nse
"C-n' Imcy-sam-p-an Fp Ihn ImWp-Xv. Ah tIhew IranIsftmse Xsbp {IoUm-kn-n-bm-emWv ]pcp-js\ shphn-fn-p--sX-pw, ]n-p-t]mepw Ah-fn
Bi Dm-hp-n-spsams ]d-bp-tm,
ssewKnI {]tem-`\w sImp ]pcp-j-sscys NnX-dnp If-bp kv{Xosb-p-dnp
`b- a mWv Ihn- p- Xv . AXp- s Im- mWv
kv{Xos-Xnsc ]pe-`y-ns Imhy-`mj ]pd-
tbvp hcp-X
- v. ]ucp-js
- a-Xv Xmg-pp
tIdn hcp-Xpw X]-km-kn-n-p--Xp-amb
{_-N-cy-ho-cy-am-Wv. "B-X-]pw _en'
sNp-n-Sv X]-kmkn-n-smcp ]ucp-jhpw
_en sNt- n- h - c pw. {_- N - c yhpw _en
sNt-n-h-cpw. Znhm-I-c-\pw aZ-\-\pw D]-Kp-]vX\p-sa-mw, X]km knn-smcm {_-N-cys
_en sNpptm F tNmZy-n\v IrXyamb Dcw Bim \Ip-n-. IrXy-amb
Dcw \I-e-, D-c-ns kwLj
a-e-n Fn-pI F-XmWv Ihn-XbpsS ZuXyw. Fm [\-Xz-samSv B-X]pw _en sNp-Xv X]-km-kn-n-smcm
]ucp-js ]mgn ssIsh-Sn-sbm F
{]kvXm-h
- ns t\hn-]c
- oXambn-o-cp-Ibpw
sNp-p-v.
"\fn\n'bn A\y-Po-h-\p-XIn kzPo-hnXw
[\y-am-p {]h-\-s-n Ihn ]d-bpp-v. `qan-bnse AJn-e-km-chpw kvt\l-amsW-pw, kvt\l-km-c-amWv GI-k-Xy-sapw
]d- b p- t m kv t \lw "]cakXy'sa
Bob k]-\t- m-SS- p-p-Ibpw sNp-pv. Fm ]cakXy kzcq-]-sa \ne-bn
\npw hyXy-kvX-amb Hcp {]Xn-{]-h\
{Inb F \ne- b n- e m- W v ]noSv Bim
kvt\ls hymJym\n-p--Xv. GIm X]n-eqsS kXym-t\z-jWw \-p ]-Xnp
hn]- c o- X - a mb am\- h nII- i m- e n- X z- a m- W v
kvt\lw Fv Bim ]d-bp-p.
kvt\lw PK-n\p Pohn-Xamw PK-n
tamlm--Po-hn-X-a-Xnp atlm-hn-f-mw.....
temIm-\p-cm-K-an-b-em--htc \cs
bmIm-c-amn-hnsS \n P\n-n-Smbvhn
G-Im \n-a-X-tc, shdptX h\-n
tIm- amw Kpl- s h- S np shfn- s Smbvhn
(Hcp h\-bm-{X)
GIm-amw Kpl-sh-Snp shfn-s-Sm-hv temIm-\p-cmKw kmy-am-hn-, Fpw
Xs-s Bkz-Zn-n-cn-p GIm-\
- naXv \cs BIm-ca
- mp P\n-p-hm AhIm-i-an Fpw, Ah GIm--X-bpsS Kpl
shSnp shfn-s-tS--Xn Fp-amWv Ihn
]d-bp--Xv. km{-Zm-bnI hmb-\-b-\p-k-cnv
GIm\n-a-X-cmb tbmKn-I, ssZh-tmS-Spp \np-h
- cpw \cm-Imcw ssIsm
Pohn-I-sf-m t{ijvT-cmWv Fp sXfn-bn]mTw HIvtSm-_ 2013
17
m thn GIm--Kp-l-hnv shfn-s-Sp-h-cp-am-Wv. temIm-\p-cm-K-ns kmam\y`qXe- n PohnXw Ign- p- - h - c n \npw

thXn-cnv GIm-X
- ]
-
- ns PohnXw BkzZn-p-h
- \cm-Im-c
- n\v Al-c Fp ]cpj-amb `mj-bn Bims\ ]d-bm t{]cn-np-Xv tUm.-]phpw IpSpw-_-hp-sam-p
h\-bm-{X-bm-Wv. taml\w `ph-\-kw-K-n
\nv Znhm-I-cs\ ]nXn-cn-p kvt\l-n\v
GIm \na-X-bpsS ]cn-k-c-ap-v. Fm
nXy-h--bn-tebvv Cdn hcp temIm\p-cm-K-_--Xbvv ko-am-\--fpv. Acphn-p-ds Kpl-bn \np shfn-s-v, BX-]pw _en sNbvX Kpcp \cs BIm-camn-m Ign-Xv temIm-\p-cmK_X
\nan- - a m- W v . Cu tem- I m- \ p- c mK _X
Xmgp\np Itcdn hcp ]cp-j-n A`nam- \ n- p {_- N - c y- ns Bo- b - h pw,
kmXzn-Ih
- p-amb a-e
- sf ]nSn-p-eb
- vp-p.
Znhm-I-c apX D]-Kp-]vX hsc-bp bmNI-\
- m-bI ]c-c
- b
- psS {_-Ncy {]Xn-sb
t`Zn-p-sIm-m-Wv, t`mK-an-c-p kv{Xo\mbnIm ]c-c Bims IrXn-I-fn {]Xy-s- S p- - X v . EXp- h mb s]v Nm- e - b mb
Ggsns cq]-n-epw, ]cn-Xy-Pn--s
`q]m-e-I-bpsS cq]-n-epw, ]pc-th-iy-bpsS cq]nepw Fmw {]Xy--s-Sp-p-v. Cc--h\mb ]pcp-j tbmKn-bpsS cq]-n-epw, `nphns cq]-n-epw, \nc--c-\mb Zfn-Xs cq]nepw {]Xy- - s - S p- p. t`mK- a n- c - p
s]pw, B-h-yw-I-c-W-ns am-neqsS Fm t`mK-fpw XyPnv Cc--h-\mbn
\np ]pcp-j\pw Xn-ep kwLjn-sbpw k-e-\-n-sbpw kwt-j-Wn-sbpw BJym-\--fmWv Bims JIm-hy-. ]pcp-j\pw kv{Xobpw \ncm-k-]-cnk-n-emWv \n_-n-s
- -Sp-X
- v. kv{Xo]p-cpj
kwtbm-K-ns ASn-m\ t{]c-W-bmb cXn
Cu kwt-jW cwK-nse ]ncn-ap-dp--ns
t{kmX-m-bn-cn-p-p.
Bims \mbnI-am Fmw XyPn-p-Xv
cXn-_--amb GI]pcpj {]W-b-n\p thnbm-Wv. AXn "\fn\n' `qX-e--km-aqly \n_-\-ns khn-tija-e-n\p ]pdp
kmam\y kv{Xo\ym-b-ns Hcp cq]-ambn
\np-p. Znhm-I-c-\p-sam-p _mey-Im-ens \pdp- p- I am{X- a mWv Ah- f psS
kmaqly`qX- e - ns khn- t i- j - X - I sf
kv]in-p--Xv. AsXm-gn-m am\-p-s18 ]mTw HIvtSm-_ 2013
m\pw s]mn-hotWm F an-ep hnipm-Xn-i-b-amWv Ah. ]pcp-js hnj-bm-knsb t]mepw hna-eo-I-cn-p \mZn-sbpw, im-n-sbpw Aaq-X-bmWv Ah.
t{]a-`n-p-Inbpw t{]a-tbm-Kn-\n-bp-amWv Ah.
Fs t`mK-a-Xp-sas tamhpw Fn-S-pam-{X-am-Wv, tams F-t]mse t`mKsbpw Cc-p kv{Xo]-c--c-bpsS InbmWv Ah Fp m]n--s-Sp--Xv. Ggs-ns Zmcn-{Zy-Zo-\-X-bpw, cmn-bpsS A[nI-Xpw-K-]-Zhpw hna-eo-I-c-W-n-eqsS Ah\y-am-bn-on-cn-p-p. Cc--h-\mb ]pcp-jtbm-Kn-bpsS {_-N-cys ]nSn-p-e-bvpp
Fp- - X mWv Ah- f psS kmXznI{]W- b ns ta. hmk-h-Z--sb-tm-se, B tImafs {]W-b-samgnsI a-smpw Ah A`n-ejn-p-n-. hnipw F Aip (A-bn-)
hncp a-e-tmSv \n_-n--s-n-cn-p
\fn\n Ahn-ip--amb hmk-h-Z--bpsS hn]co- X - a m- s W- nepw, Ccp- h cpw {]W- b - n- \ pthn ]g-Inb Xcp-h-n-sbbpw ]pg-sbm-gpIpw
hgn-sbbpw amp-hm B{K-ln-p--h-cm-Wv.
"eoe'bnse- p- t m kv { XobpsS Cm- i nv hocyw hn-p-p. t`mK-an-c
- p-sImv
aZ-\s\ tXSn-b-e-bp eoe, `qan-bnse ZmXy-k-{-Zm-b-tm-Spw, Kpcp-P-\-`b hyh-tbmSpw \n_-n--s--h-fm-Wv. kmaq-ly-{I-atm-Sp \n_--\-am-Wv, Ahsf hen-sbmcp
\ntj-[-ns Cm-cq-]-am-n-op--Xv.
eoe \oN-`q-X-e-n-te-bvp kv{Xo kmc-ns BZys ]Sn-bm-Wv. DS an-\pw,
Dbncp {]W-b-n\pw \Ip kv{Xo \n-bam-W-Xv. Nme `np-In-bnepw Zpc-h-bnepw t`mK-an-c-p kv{XoI, Ipsd-qSn
Ccp \oN-`q-X-e-n \n_-n--s-n-cn-pp. Nm-e-`n-p-In-bn kaqlw Hcp IYm]m-{X-ambn amdp-p. kv{Xoin--I-\mb, Abn- h in- I - \ mb kaq- l - s at]mse
Abn hncp `np-a--e-hpw, AXns
kqcy-[m-h-fyhpw {]W-b-ns\ Icnp If-bpp. kaq- l hpw cmjv { Shpw HptNp
kv{Xnbvs-Xnsc \S-p B{I-a-W-n
a\w s\mm- W v , koX Dg- e m- t `m- K - a n- c p
Rm\n\n Fp ]d-bp--Xv. AXn-\w t`mKap-t]-nv tamw am{Xw At\z-jn-p \fn\n-bmbnocm Rm Xm-sd-Sp-p-I-bmWv
F-. IpXn-sIm-pI temI N{Ita lXbmw
koXsb Cp-X-pI Fp ]d-bp--Xpw, \ngen hgn ss]X t]mse t]mbp-gem t`mK-
Nme `np-In-bnepw Zpc-h--bnepw t`mK-an-c-p kv{XoI, IpsdqSn Ccp \oN-`q-X-e-n \n_-n--s-n-cn-p-p. Nm-e-`n-pIn-bn kaqlw Hcp IYm-]m-{X-ambn amdp-p. kv{Xoin--I-\mb, Abn-h in-I-\mb kaq-l-sat]mse Abn hncp `np-a--ehpw, AXns kqcy-[m-h-fyhpw {]W-b-ns\ Icnp If-bp-p. kaq-lhpw
cmjv{Shpw HptNp kv{Xobvs-Xnsc \S-p B{I-a-W-n a\w
s\mm-Wv, koX Dg-em-t`m-K-an-cp Rm\n\n Fp ]d-bp--Xv. AXn-\w
t`mK-ap-t]-nv tamw am{Xw At\z-jn-p \fn-\n-bmbnocm Rm
Xm-sd-Sp-p-I-bmWv F-. IpXn-sIm-pI temI N{Ita lXbmw
koXsb Cp-X-pI Fp ]d-bp--Xpw, \ng-en hgn ss]X t]mse
t]mbp-gem t`mK-an-cp Rm\n\n Fp ]d-bp-Xpw Htc Xe-n-ep
B-\n-cmk hnem-]--fm-Wv. "t`mKw' FXv m\hep--n-s-bpw, [mSnbp-sSbpw cmPym-[n-Im-c-n-sbpw A\p-`-h--fmbn amdp-Ibpw kv{Xo]p-cpj
{]W-b-ns \ng t]mep-an-m A\p-`ha-e-ambn amdp-Ibpw sNptm {]Wbcln-Xa
- mb t`mK-ns ]nm-se, t`mK-an-cp sImp Rm
Ae-bp-I-bn Fp koX ]d-bp-p. t`mKw {]W-b-c-ln-X-amb (t`m-K-amb
Fp Ihn) Bbn amdp-tm, m\-h-ep--ns-bpw, {]`pX-bp-sSbpw
A[n-Im-c-n-sbpw taml-ambn AXp amdp-tm, {]Wbw sImv kpjvS-am-Ip t`mKw Ahn-sS-bn-. Fs t`mK-a-Xp-sas tamhpw Fp
]d-bp-n-Sv {]Wb t`mK-n-eqsS B{K-ln-p tamsXs-bmWv. {]IrXn ]pcpj kwtbm-K-n-eqsS A\p-`-hn-m-\m-hp tam-sbmWv \fn\n Xsbpw B{K-ln-p--Xv. Dg-em-t`m-K-an-cp Rm\n\n Fp
]d-bp-tm, {]W-bs iq\y-h-cn-p A[n-Im-c-a--e--tfmsSmw k-cn-m C\n Rm\n, C\n cmjv{So-bm-[n-Im-c-ns ]-a-lnjn-bm-bn-cn-m Rm Xm-d Fp-IqSn AXn-\-ap-v. `qan Kn-tebvv Cd-n-s-p Ij-Is agpp-n \np Is-Sp-s s]v an-tebvv aS-n-s-p-tm, cmjv{S-hpw, kaq-lh
- pw, AXns
Xe--n-cn-p ]pcp-j\pw shp-hn-fn--s-Sp-I-bm-Wv.
an-cp Rm\n\n Fp ]d-bp-Xpw Htc Xen- e p B- \ n- c mk hnem- ] - - f m- W v .
"t`mKw' FXv m\hep--n-s-bpw, [mSnbp-sSbpw cmPym-[n-Im-c-n-sbpw A\p-`-h-fmbn amdp-Ibpw kv{Xo]p-cpj {]W-b-ns
\ng t]mep-an-m A\p-`ha-ea
- mbn amdpIbpw sNp-tm {]Wbcln-X-amb t`mKns ]nm-se, t`mK-an-cp sImp Rm
Ae-bp-I-bn Fp koX ]d-bp-p. t`mKw
{]W-b-c-ln-X-amb (t`m-K-amb Fp Ihn)
Bbn amdp-tm, m\-h-ep--ns-bpw,
{]`pX-bp-sSbpw A[n-Im-c-n-sbpw taml-
ambn AXp amdp-tm, {]Wbw sImv kpjvS-am-Ip t`mKw Ahn-sS-bn-. Fs t`mK-aXp- s as tamhpw Fp ]d- b p- n- S v
{]Wb t`mK- n- e qsS B{K- l n- p
tamsXs- b m- W v . {]IrXn ]pcpj
kwtbm-K
- n-eqsS A\p-`h
- n-m-\m-hp tams-bmWv \fn\n Xsbpw B{K-ln-p--Xv.
Dg-em-t`m-K-an-cp Rm\n\n Fp ]d-bp-tm,
{]W-bs iq\y-h-cn-p A[n-Im-c-a-e
- t- fm-sSmw k-cn-m C\n Rm\n,
C\n cmjv{So-bm-[n-Im-c-ns ]-a-ln-jn-bm-bncn-m Rm Xm-d Fp-IqSn AXn-\]mTw HIvtSm-_ 2013
19
ap-v. `qan K-n-tebvv Cd-n-s-p

Nnnp \ns ]Z-ta-sd-be
- np Nnw
Ij-Is agpp-n \np Is-Sp--s
sht-dn-Sp hnc-lmn s]mdp-n-SmsX
s]v an-tebvv aS-n-s-p-tm, cmjv{SA-n-Snp Icbpw s]mgp-X{- ip-[mc
hpw, kaq-l-hpw, AXns Xe--n-cn-p
Nnn kzbw inin-ca
- m-hX
- p-sa-n-\nv (tZho
]pcp-j\pw shp-hn-fn--s-Sp-I-bm-Wv.
kvtXm{X-)
{]Xy--n t`mK-an-cp sImv D]-KpBW-h
- S- e
- n-em-gp-ta-g
]v X \p kt- i - a - b - b v p hmk- h - Z - bpw

t\W ]mWn-aI
- s
- \s Xp-cm
kaqlw F IYm-]m-{X-ns Z\\oXnp-hn-t[-ba
- m-hp-p. kmaqlyZ\\oXn-bpsS
\odn-Sp a\-Xm-cn \n]Zw
Cc-I-fmWv eoe-bpw, AwKn-bpw, kmhn-{Xn-bpw,
tXdn-Sp--Xn-\-i--s\-nepw
koX-bp-sa-n-epw, B Z\ \oXn-bpsS {Iucyw
G-hp-a[
- nIw A\p`hn-p-Xv koXbpw hmkIqdn-Sp Xnc-ta-\n-sb-ntb
h-Z--bp-am-Wv. AtX-k-abw kmaq-ly-Z-\
thsd-\n-sm-cp-h-cn ssZhta!
\nXn-bp-am-bp Gp-ap--en \nv hgn-amdn
\mdp-ao-bp-Sep Xs ta\n-bn
k-cn-p-h
- c
- m-Wv, Cc-h
-
- m-cmb, `np-fmb Bims \mb-I
- m.
tIdn-bs]mSp-Ie
- p sImptam
kv{Xo, ]pcp-jt- \mSv kvt\l-an-c
- p-Ib
- pw, ]pcptNmdn-cp NpW-sIp Nobptam
j temI-tmSv Aw Cc-p-Ibpw sNpIqd-gnp hne-kp ssZhta!
p. EXp-hmb s]v Cc-h
- f
- pw, Ah-fpsS ]pcpam\-a
- a
- e
- a
- mb s]pao
j Cc-h
- \
- p-am-bn-o-cp-p. Cc-p-I, AsZo\-sap Xpe-bpp ssZhta!
n bmNn-pI F-Xv, Bims Zcn-{Z-bu-\s Xo{h-ambn thZ-\n-n-n-cp t]n-\m]c-amb \ns ]-P
- n\n
hm-bn-cp-p. Bims BZy-Ime kvtXm{X-Irpd-ambn \np s]mXn-bpp kSw
Xn-If
- n kYm hym]np InS-p hyY-bpsS
ASn- m\w, Zmcn- { Zy- ] o- U - b m- W v . Bims
]bm-h-X ]e-tcm-Sp-tam-Xn-bm
kvtXm{X-Ir-Xn-I, ae-bmf `mjm-km-ln-Xyedn-bm-hX
-
- , If-h ssZhta!
nse Ghpw Xo{h-amb hnem-]t- c-JI
- f
- m-bnBZn-\m-bI! \ndp \obn-cp
o-cp-Xv AXp-sIm-m-Wv. bmNIXpey-amb
Zcn-{Zm-h--bn \np sImm-Wv, Bim
mZ-cn-p-Inep a-\mb Rm
{ZmhnU ssZh-Ip-es kvXpXn-p-X
- v.
tJZ-hm-cn-[n-bn InStlm
""\osb-n-tb, \nJn-e\
- m-bI! asm-cp-
thZ-\s
- -Sp-hs
- Xp ssZhta!
\otb-gb
- n IcpW sNbvhXn-\n iwt`m
t]p t]p ]cn-Xm-]s
- ams Rm
sat-Xpta ]dI \-Xn-bn-n-\np
t\mp sNmn-bp-ge
- pp kXw
ht hnjm-Z\
- Zn \on hiw sISp-t!
Z-anpanb-ep--tXmn-se
t]mIs h-hn-[hpw s]mgp-Xp Np
Ip-\ocp Ihn-bpp ssZh-ta.
t]mIs Rm Xh-]Zw \n\-bmsX hm
ap-sXmp ajn-tbm-fhpw InS
lm! sI P-aX
- n-\m-eS- n-bp h
sn-sb-n-bp-g-epp ssZhta
XmIs sbp ê-sa-n-\n-XImtc!
\n \n \c-Inp s\Iw
(an-{i-kvX-h-)
]pp-t]mse ]nf-cpp ssZhta!
thIpp Nn-ae
- s
- c-n-ep-ap-s-\np
A-cw-K-a-dn-bmX\m-cXw
\o ssI hnSn \nPm - ` - - s \- s b
shs-cnp hnc-fpp ssZhta!
t_m[w.....
ASn-I-p-sIm-p-h-Xn-s\-p-sXm-p-h
Xom-dn-en-s\ InSp X]n-p-sas
Sn-b InSp he-bp-\
- m-cXw
sam-dp-am-dp-ambn, \o IcpWm ISmw (tZho
s]mSn-t]m-ep-an kpJ-anp am\kw
kvtXm{X-)
]nS-Im-ba
- m\a-Xn-ses ssZhta (`- - h n- S- - o- c - , kl- X m- ] - - o- c kwtbm- K ns Io-cm-Wv FmWv Ihn A-am-pem-]w)
-Xv. kv{XobpsS tNmc-]p-c amwk-j
- W
-
- kpc-XS- n\o kpX! kSw kln-m
fn-ea
- c
- p temI-Zpx-Js Adn-bp-tm Bk\cp-Xc
- p-sXp hnfw-_tahatm!
n-bpsS am{X-a
- , A\m-k
- n-bpsS A]-cm-[-sf-p-dn-pw, tIma-f\
- mb tbmKn Adn-bp-pZpcn-Xa
- d
- p-n\n ssZhta! I\ns
v. Ia-\o-bI
- mn Ie-cp ]pcp-j Ia-\o-hnncp-angn aps-gp-s\pIn-tbm \o
ap-J\
- m-Ip-Xp ITn-\a
- t FXv hmk-hZ-
Bim hnjm-Zm-I Ihn-bm-sW-pw, Pohn- F A`n-km-cn-Wn-bpsS tNmZy-am-Wv. ]t
Xm iq\y-Xsb kw_-n-pw, \iz-cX
- sb "Gg-s-n-e-c-p-an's Pbn-p ]ucpkw_-n-p-ap XXz-Nn-m-]c
- a
- mb Akz-X jhpw Ia\o hnap-JX
- bpw Xn-ep sshcpyw
Bim Ihn-Xb
- psS c-n-ea
- p InS-p- _mlym-e
- mc _w am{X-am-Wv. ""Cn-b
- m-f''
pv Fp-ap hmZ- {]Xy-
- n \ne- Fpw, "Gg' Fpw, "ASna' Fpw Ihn
\np-tm Xs XXz-Nn-m-c-amb hnjm- kvtXm{X-Ir-Xn-If
- n Bhnp kzbw hntiZm-IXbvp-a-p-d-ap Xo{h-k--S-ns jn-n-p-p-v. Ihn-bpsS ZpxJ-n\v ""Gg-ssshIm-cnI aew Bim Ihn-X-bn-ep-v n-en-c
- p-an'' amWv BZys Imc-Ws
- a-Fp ImtW-X
- p-v. XXz-Nn-m-h-cWw Xp-sIm-v, Xmg-pp Itcdn hcp {_-Ncy
{]mW-k
- S-
- ns Xo{h-Xsb kam-iz-kn-n-p- ]ucp-js Ihn A`n-\
- n-p-p-ap-v. Fp-Xn-\p ]Xn Xs-bmWv Fn-epw, XXz- sImv ""s\Iw ]pp-t]mse ]nf-cpp
Nn-b
- psS {]Xn-tcm-[
- sf XIp A\p- ssZhta!'' Fsmcp \ne-hnfn Ihn-bpsS a\`qXnXo{hX Bims BZy-Ime Imhy-f
- n-ep- n \nv Fcnp hogpp Fv At\z-jnv. Xobm-dn InSp thhp-Ib
- pw, tJZ-hm-cn-[n- p-tm cXn a\-n-s\bpw amwk-sbpw
bnn-Sp thZ-\s
- -Sp-Ibpw sNp Hcp a\- Xo{h-ambn Fcn-p kwLj {]Xn-`m-k-amv, s\Iw ]pp-t]mse ]nfv \ne-hn-fnsWp a\- n- e mp a\-v, ae-bmm-hp--Xm-Wv.
f-n asmcp Ihnc-sbpw amwkbpsS cN- \ - b nepw
sbpw Fcn- pImWm Ign-bp-Ib
- nIbpw \op- I bpw
. AkvXn-Xzs
sNp- Xv cXn
s \ S p s I
Bb-Xp-sIm-m-Wv
]nfp ZpxJ"Iman-\o-KlWw',
ns \ne- h n- f nsshcm- K y- ] - Iw
bn
\nmWv
Fn- - s \- b p
Bims IhnX
Imhy--fn
D-n-sb-Sp-pkv { Xobv s - X nsc
-Xv. AXp-sImv
{_-N-cy-a-lm-yZpxJ-n\v ]nmns D]- t cm[w
ev
kmXop-sImv
IZmi-\nIam\""]n-p-am--ib
- h
- f
- n
- f p- m- h p- I bpw
]Xnbm'' FsmAXv BIm-i
- sf
s - - d v
AXns \{X hyql--tfmsS `n-p kv{XoXzs A[n-t-]n-p-hm Ihn Xma\p-jys An-a
e
- a
- mbpw, asmcp BIm-i- dm-Ip-X
- v. Ihn-bpsS J-Im-hy-f
- nse \mbambpw timIm-i
- s
- b-gm- ip\nmWkpJ- I-m-scmw kv{Xosb \ntcm--[np {_sbpw ZpxJo-Ic
- n-p `qan-bmbpw Bims m-\-ns Dcp-p-I-h-N-p-nIhn-Xb
- n cq]m-c
- s
- -Sp-Ibpw sNp-p.
Sp \np sskm-nI{]`m-jWw \S-pZpxJ kXy-\
- mb [oc-tbmKn Ic-bp-s
- X- tm CcppN- b v p- n t]mepw
p-sImv F tNmZy-n-\v, AXv ZpxJ-a ssewKnIkvt\l-ns Xo Fcn-bp-p-v.
Icp-Wb
- mWv Fv Bim ]d-bp-p. AXp k- Ccpp IhNw Fcnp s]mfnp hogp-tm]mTw HIvtSm-_ 2013
21
gm-Wv, B alms In \np Iopn-I AS-cp-X

- .v Hcp Bt-jtam kv]itam
cXn-kw-tbm-K
- ns Nn-ambn amdp-p-.v IhnbpsS a\-s-t- ]mse hmk-hZ-
- b
- psS icochpw Xobm-dnInSp X]n-p-Ib
- m-Wv. Xobmdnn-Sp X]n-p-Ib
- pw, tJZ-hm-cn-[n-bnnSp thZ-\s
- -Sp-Ibpw sNp- ]pcp-j\
- m-Wv.
kvtXm{X-Im-hy-s
- f-gp-Xp- Ipam-c\
- m-im. inht\m, thet\m Icp-Wm-ar-Xt- a-Ip A-tbm,
thZ- \ - s - S p Xs Poh\v Bizm- k aWbvpsav B{K-ln-p--Xp-t]m-se-bm-Wv,
D]-Kp-]vX Xobm-dn InSv Fcn-bp Xs
Poh\v, {]Wbw \Ip-sav hmk-hZ- {]Xymin-p--Xv. D]-Kp-]vXs Zi-\hpw kv]i\hpw Ahp {]Wbkm^-ey-am-bn-o-cp-Xv. ssewKnI {]W-ba
- d
- n-bn-p-X
- n\v klm-bam-hp-Xv Ftm F tNmZy-n\v D-chpw
ChnsS Dv. ]g-b\
- n-ba
- ]
- p-kvXI
-
- n ]d-bp-Xp-t]m-se, apncn hn-I ]qp-hn-Sc
- p-Ibpw, ]pe-cn-bpsS kpK-i
- o-Xf
- a
- mb Imv hoipIbpw sNp-tm-g
- , Ic-Nc
- W
-
- t- fv Fcn-Xobn hoWp-In-S
- p-tm-gmWv {]Wbw Adn-bnm ka-ba
- m-hp-X
- v. Pohn-X
- ns {]^p
kuc`y Nmcp-XI
- f
-
- , \nmW kpJ-s-sbpw ZpxJo-Ic
- n-p `qan-bpsS hnem-]a
- m-Wv,
{_-Nc
- y-{]-Xn-sb XIp Io-cS- c
- pI-fm-bn-o-cp-X
- v.
s\Iw ]pp- t ]mse ]nf- c p Fp
]dp \ne-hn-fn-p Ihn apcp-Is/AbpsS/inhs Imep-If
- mWv X\n-`
- bw Fv
BZy-Ime IrXn-If
- n ]d-bp-p-v. "Imep-I'
Bims BZy-Ime Ihn-XI
- f
- n Ghpa[nIw
Bhn--s-Sp tamo-^m-Wv. `-\mb
ASn-abpw, Ggbpw A`bw Is-p-Xv Kpcphn- s - t bm, ]pcp- j - s tbm ]mZ- - f n- e m- W v .
Cy
sshZnI
]mc- - c y- h p- a mbn
sIp]nWp InS-p ]mZ-tk-hb
- p-sS-tbm,
ska-nIv_m-_n-tem-Wn-b-]
- m-mXy \mK-cnI-X-I-fnse ]mZip{iqjk]-n-stbm
ASn-d
- ASn-a
- a
- m-Wv. Bims BZy-Ime
Ihn-XI
- f
- nse Ggbvv tNmdn-cp NpW-sIp
Nobptam Xs Pohn-Xs
- av Bi-n-p ]nbm-f\
- v, A`bw {ZmhnU ssZh-Ip-e
- ns ImepI-fm-Wv. As-n BNm-cys Ig-em-Wv. \fn\n-m-hs Znhm-Ic
- s ]Zmw-_p-P
- ns kmny-am-Wv. Ggbpw ]n-bm-f\pw Cc--h-\p-amb
a\p-jys bmN-\-bm-Wv, ]mZ-{]-Wm-a-]-cn-lm-cam-Wv, kvtXm{X-Ir-Xn-If
- n ImW-s-Sp-X
- v. CcpI As-n bmNn-pI F {]h-\22 ]mTw HIvtSm-_ 2013
amWv kvtXm{X-Ir-Xn-If
- n-ep-S\
- ofw ImWp-X
- v.
[ym\s-m am\p-jnIhpw tbmKm-I
{]m-\s
- b-m ZpxJ-k
- o-hp-am-Wv, Cc-hs
- , tNmdn-c
- p-h
- s bmN-\. \fn\n Ccp-Xv t`mKhpw tam-hp-am-Wv. koX t`mK-ancv Dg-em-\m-hn-sp Xocp-am-\n-p-p. hmkh-Z Cc-p-Xv tIma-f-\mb D]-Kp-]vXs
{]Wbw am{X-am-Wv. tNmdpw {]W-b-hp-samw
Ccp sImn-cn-p \mbIo \mb-I
- mv
Ccv Ccp NpW-sIp t]mhptam Fv Bi-bp-m-hp-p. Cu Bi t`mK-an-cp Xf
koX-bpsS hmp-I-fn-emWv AXni-ambn
{]Xn-ê
- n-p-X
- v. {]m-\b
- psS bmN-\b
- psS
AXnhn\-b-ns `mj-bn \nv, At]-bpsS `mj-bn\nv hnai-\
- ns `mj-bntebvp {]th-in-p GI-\m-bnI koX-am-{Xam-Wv. kzIm--\n If-tc-J-I D]-Zinp asmcp \mbnI Bim Ihn-Xb
- n-en-.
As\ sNtn hXv Xm A`n- a m\n\nbmbn-tmbXp sImmWv Fp ]d-bptm, bmN-\-bn \npw {]m-\-bn
\npw, hnai-\-ns `mj-bn-te-bvp
kzX-{y-amWv A`n-am\w Fp hy-am-hp-p.
PohnXw FXv cmas Imep-Isf ]nXp-Sc
- m\p \n`m-Ky-Ic
- a
- mb kzmX{yw am{X-amWv
F k]s XIs-dn-p-sIm-mWv,
Cc--h-sbpw EXp-hmb s]nsbpw ImepI, C\n A`n-am-\
- ns hgn-bn-tebvpw, `qanbpsS Bm-X-bn-tebvpw Cd-n-s-psap koX ]d-bp-X
- v. ]mZ-Zm-ky-n-sbpw,
bmN-\b
- p-sSbpw {]m-\b
- p-sSbpw, NpW-sI
Pohn-Xw, Ccv Nop-t]m-hp PohnXw C\nsb-n\v Fv koX tNmZn-p-p.
Cc-h
- s
- bpw Cc-h
- f
- p-sSbpw _nw_-
Xn-ep kwtbm-Ks
- a-Xv Hcp Zi\ {]iv\am-hp-tm Xs Cc-h
- \pw Cc-h
- fpw PohnX-ns hyXykvX e-Im-e
- f
- n \n_-n-s-Sphcm-Wv. hninjy Bims \mbnImKWw. AXn-semv ]c-ah
- n-ip asm-cp-h
]c-ak
- m-[znbpw (ko-X) C\n-bp-sam-cp-h \K-cth-iy-bp-am-Wv. Nm-eb
- p-hX
- nbpw {_m-Wb
- ph-Xnbpw {]W-b
- n-s-bpw, ùXnI Pohn-Xn- s bpw hyXykv X e- - I m- e - - f n
\np- p. Ch- s cm- s - s Ah- c psS
Csb {]Im-in-n-p--Xv, {]W-b-nt\m
t`mK-nt\m thn-bp bmN-\b
- n-eq-sS-bm-Wv.
Bims \mbI a-e
- n-em-hs \mbnIma- - e - ns sshcp- y- - f n- . cma\pw
Nm\pw hyXykvX e-Im-e
- f
- psS D-
-f
- m-Wv. Fnepw Ccp-hcpw C-bpsS _elo-\X
- s
- Imv sFIy-s-Sp-p-v. Znhm-Ic
- \pw,
aZ-\-\pw, B\--\pw, D]-Kp-]vX\pw Bims
Imhy--fnse "Cc--h' As-n "]n-bmf'' Bob h-cn--s-Sp-tm Dmhp DrjvS _nw_-f
- m-Wv. kvtXm{X-IrXn-If
- n Bmhp Iodp-amdp \ne-hn-fn-p-sIm-ncn-p "]n-bm-f' Bims J-Im-hy-a- e - n \ndsb Bhn- - s - S p-
tamo^v BWv. ]n-bm-fs {]mMvcq]-amb inhs\ ap \ndpn ]n-bm-f\pw ]ng-bm-f\
- p-amb
Xs Pohn- X s km[q- I - c n- p- h m Ihn
kvtXm{X-Ir-Xn-If
- n {ian-p-p-v.
\mbnI-amcpw Cc-h
- Xssb-n-epw, \mbI-m-cn-emWv Cc-h
- s DZm cq]m-c
- a
- p-mIp-X
- v. \mbnIam {]Xy-
- n ]n-bm
cq]w kzoI-cn-p-n-. kzIw bmN-\b
- m-Wv,
{]m-\b
- mWv F an s]cp-am-dpI am{XamWv sNp-X
- v. bmNn-p-Xv tNmd-, {]Wb-amWv F-Xp-sIm-m-Wv, Ah-cpsS bmN\
al-Xz-h-cn-s
- -Sp-X
- v. \mb-I
- m bmNnp-Xv apJy-ambpw `Ww Xs-bm-Wv.
Bo-b-X-bpsS anYymI-hNw [cn--Xp-sImv
Cc-h
-
- mcmb \mb-I
- m al-Xz-h-cn-s
- Spp. al-Xz-h-cns Cc-h
-
- m-cpsS \cq-]a
- mWv kvtXm{X-Ir-Xn-If
- psS s\p ]nfp
\ne-hn-fn-p-X
- v. Xobm-dn InSp shp adnbp-X
- v, tNmdn-cp NpW-sIp Nobptam Fp
ktlnp thZ-\s
- -Sp-X
- v.
ssewKnI Pohn-X
- ns tamlw hnv,
kv{Xo\n-cm-k
- ns hgn-bn-eqsS k-cn-p
bmNI]ucp-j
- ns \ne-bn ]pcp-j\
- m-bI
- m-scn \np-Xv AXn-Po-h\hymtamlw
sImp Xs-bm-Wv. ùXn-I-amb k-ns\bpw, kv{Xobp-sam-p Pohn-X-sbpw
kmy-a
- m-Xm-bn-m-Wp Ipam-c, Akm-yX-Isf adn-I-S-m thn-bmWv Ahsb
Hsbpw ]nX-n-f
- b
- p `np-hns PohnXs BZi-h-cn-p-X
- v. hni-n-sbpw
Ima-n-sbpw Ansb ian-n-p-X
- n-\p
D]m-[n-bmbn k\ym-ks Is-Sp-p-tm
BWv kv{Xoap-\
- mb `np- \m-bI cq]-amnp- - X v . Fm CsXmpw sImpw
Bims \mb-I
- m Cc-h
-
- m-c
- m-Xm-bn-ocp-n-. kvtXm{X-Ir-Xn-I-fnse ]nbm-f-\mb
Ipam-cs Xo{h-Zpx-J-n\p ImcWw hnipw
Ima-hp-am-Wv. kv{Xo \ncm-km-[n-jvTn-Xa
- mb `np
Pnho-Xs t{ijvTh
- -cn-p-sImv Bm-
hns ]cm-[o-\-X-Isf Cm-Xm-m-\m-hptam

F At\z-j-W-amWv Bim Ihn-X-bn
kw`hnpsIm-n-cn-p-X
- v. kv{Xo\ncm-ks
km[q-Ic
- n-p-Ib
- pw, ]n-bm-fc
- q-]s t{ijvTh-cn-p-Ibpw sNp Hcp kwtj cq]sa \ne-bn Dbn-sb-Sp _p-`n-phns thiym-ip-{iq-j, {InkvXob ]utcm-ln-Xyns Ay ip{iq-jsb A\p-kvac
- n-n-p-psh-n-epw, AhnsS tamw Ima-kw-tbmK {]Xncq-]a
- mb Hcp kv]i-ambn amdp-p. D]-Kp]vX\v
AXv `qan-bn-tev hgn Xpdp sImSp-p-p.
Bims \mbnI-am-cn kmhn{Xn am{X-amWv
Nm\v ]mb-hn-cnp sImSpp ssZh {]am-Wsf [n-cn-p Hcp cXn kwtbm-K-n\v
]pcp-js\ ]mI-am-n-sb-Sp-p-X
- v. Hcp Btj-n cXn-km-ê
- y-ns km-cX Adnp-sImv \fn-\nbpw eoebpw acn-p-p.
Fm hmk-hZ- D]-Kp-]vXs\ Hcp hninjvS
t`mPy-sa \ne-bn A\p-`h
- n-m-\mWv B{Kln-p-X
- v. {]Wbw {]Xo-Im-I kv]i-a
- ,
DS-ep-I-fp-sSbpw tZl--fp-sSbpw a\-p-I-fpsSbpw kwtbmKw IqSn-bm-Wv. _p-aX
-
- ns
P\-Io-b-h-cWw _u k\ym-km-{i-a-fn ssewKn-I--A-cm-P-I-Xz-ns B]v
Dmn Fv Ncn-{X-Im-c
- m ]cm-Xn-s-Sp-pv. B kml-Nc
- y-n _p-`n-p- cXnkp-J-a-\p-`-hn-p--Xn sXp-I-s-n-bn-cpn Fp-X
- p-sIm-m-hmw, bph-tbm-Kn-bmb
D]-Kp-]vXs\ A\p-`-hn--W-sa B{Klw
hmk-hZ- aptmp hbvp-X
- .v Fm icoc--fpsS CjvS-tam, hn{]uVntbm A,
adnv {]W-bs
- a-Xv hn-nepw ico-c
- n-epambn HXp-m-\m-hm PohnX kmmmcw
IqSn-bmWv Fpw AXp acWhpambn Npp
]nWp InS-p Xo{h-k--S-amWv Fpw
hmk- h - Z kmy- s - S p- p- p. {]Wbw
\nm-W-ns amw Dt]-n-m t{]cnn-p [oc-Xb
- mWv Fp-IqSn Ihn hy-amp-p-v.
iptm-\s ]p{X\v cmP-Iob kpJ-t`m-Kn-Sb
- nepw ZpxJ-ap-m-bn. Fm Ipam-cI-hn-bpsS ZpxJw kpJ-t`m-Kk
- u-`m-Ky-f
- psS ]cnk-c
- f
- n s]cpIn h-X
- . P\m cmPm-hmb
KuX-a\
- pw, P\m ]nbm-f\
- mb Ipam-cI
- h
- nbpw
`np-_nw-_-n kwt-jn--s-Sp-p-v.
Fm {]W-bs
- a-Xp t]mse ZpxJhpw kpJku-`m-Ky-f
- psS apn-cn-m-Sp-If
- n \np-mbn
hcp In\m-hnse ê-a
- . kpJ-ku-`m-Ky--
]mTw HIvtSm-_ 2013
23
fpsS Imcy-n hmk-hZ-

- bpw Hcp cmn
t]mse A[nI XpwK-]Z-
- n Xs-bmWv hknn-cp-X
- v. Fm Ic-Nc
- W
-
- apdnv \new
]p-tm-gmWv \oe-c
-
- n ]pgp- \optm-gm-Wv, D]-Kp-]vX Ahsf {]W-ba
- d
- n-bn-p-Xv. B {]Wbw Pohs AXn-Po-h\
- h
- pw-a
- rXyq- h ns A[n- \ n- t h- i hpw Xn- e p
kwLjw sImm-Wv, Hcp Xo{hm-\p-`h
- a
- m-bno-cp-X
- v.
]n-bm-f\
- mb Ihn A-bpsS Imep-If
- n
A`bw Is-p-p. hSn-th-es ]mZ-f
- n
ZpxJ-]-cn-lmcw Imwn-p-p. ]n-bm-f-\mb
inhs {]mMvcq]-n-\-Sn-h-W-p-p. BNmcys sN-ae kam-\a
- mb Ig-ens\ {]W-an-pp. {ioImm-cnW Ipn-Sp-p. ]mZ-n-sbpw, ]mZ-ip-{iq-jb
- p-tS-bpw, ASn-ab
- p-tS-bpw, Ggbp-tSbpw Cc-m-fn-bp-tS-bp-samw _nw_w ]-ae-bm-f
- n cq]I ]c-c
- I
- f
- mbn (tam-o-^p-I)
{]Xy--s-Sp-Xv {][m-\-ambpw kvtXm{X-IrXn-I-fn-em-Wv. ]mZ-n Ipn-Sm-s\m-cp-p
{]W-bn-\nsb Bt-jn-p Znhm-Ic
- \
- pw, aZ\-\p-samw, ]mZ-]q-Pm-k--ns AXn-cpI-p-dv {]W-b
- ns ka-Xz-k
- ]-\n-tebvv kcnp-hc
- m-Wv. Rm \ns
ASna Fp ]d-bp kv{Xobn \np hnh-Ic
- a
- mb hnp-am-d Bims \mbnIam-cn
kw`-hn-p-p-v.
]Zw, ]mZw, Imev Fn-s
- \-bp _nw_, ]mZ-]q-Pb
- p-sSbpw, ]mZ-ip-{iq-jb
- p-tSbpw
]mc-c
- y-hp-ambn _-sp InS-p-X
- m-Wv.
kvtXm{X-Ir-Xn-If
- n D-a ]
- p-cpjm\p
\np "ASna' `n-]m-c
- c
- y-n km[qI-cn-s
- -Sp Hcp \ne-]m-SmWv Fnepw, ASna hyh-b
- n \nv D-a
- m-hp Ncn{X
k-ev]\
- a
- mWv AXv. Ggbpw ]nbm-f\
- p-amb
Ihn, ` F \ne-bn BWv ASn-ab
- psS
ZpxJw Bkz-Zn-p-Xv Fn-epw, `s B]o-U\
- m-\p-`h
-
- ns Bkzm-ZyX AXn-\n-. ]mZtk-hI
- \
- mb Zkyq, Ncn-{X-n ]Xnp InSp ]oU\ Zpc-a
- m-W.v tNmdn-cp NpW-sIp
Nop t]mhp Pohn-X-s-n Bi--sSp Ihnv `n-bpsS Bkzm-ZyX \pW-bm\m-hp-n-. s\Iw ]pp-t]mse ]nf-cpp
Fp ]d- b p- n- S pw ]mZ- i p- { iq- j - b m
tamw {]m]n-m-sa taml-Nn-bvv henb
CS-f
- n-. "]mZw' A[n-Imc m\-ns ASbmfw F \ne-bn \nv, N
- e
- \
-
- ns Ii-n-bpsS `mK-tbvv \op-tm, Cy
]mc--cy-n incpw ]mZhpw Xn-ep
sshcpyw {]k--am-bn-o-cp-p. inc-n

\nv BVy-{_m--W P\n-p-p-sh-pw,
{_m-Ws P-e
- n-bmb incv t{ijvTa
- msW-pw, adnv ]mZ-Ps P-e
- n-bmb ]mZw
A]-Ir-jSv a
- mWv Fp-ap k]s shphn-fn-p-sIm-mWv, Ipam-cI
- hn ]mZs apdp-sIp-Wc
- p-X
- v. ASn-ab
- pw, Gg-bpw, bmN-I\
- p-amb
Ihn, {_m-Wy-ns P-e
- n-bn \n
PohnX Zpcn-X
- p ]cn-lmcw Is-p-Xv. Kpcp-hns ]mZw sN-ae
- a
- m-Wv. AXn-\
- pdw
Hcp \nmW e-an-sp \nPm-\ hnem-kn Xs Ihn ]d-bp-p. B[mc {_-amcm--Jne a-S
- n-n-Spw ta[mhn {]uV\pw HSphn-eg
- nv A-\m-b
- c
- npw Fp Ihn ]dbp-p-v. \nXy-`m-kpc \`-c
-
- fpw nXy-hbpw Xn-ep sshcp-yw, \nmW ]cam- \ - - h pw, timIm- i - - s b- g m kpJ- s tmepw ZpxJo-I-cn-p `qanbpw Xn-ep
sshcp-yw, {]]-i
- n-cpw {]] ]mZ-fpw
Xn-ep-v. ZpxJn-X\pw ]oUn-X\
- p-amb Ipam-cs
lrZ-bh
- pw, thZm-s
- -bd
- n Ihn lrZ-bhpw
BNm-cys Ig-en-emWv A`-ba
- W
- n-bp-X
- v. ]Zw
sN-ae
- a
- m-Wv. intcm-a
e
-
- nse kl-{k-]ZvaZ- f
-
- ns FXn-c
- a
- m-W.v ]mZhpw incpw hn]coX h-f
- psS AS-bm-f
- f
- m-Wv. ]mZw ZpxJk-Xy-m-\
- ns Ne-\a
- m-Wv. \n-eX
- b
-
- .
ZpxJw F ]c-ak
- X
- ys {]m]n-p-sIm-m-Wv,
kvtXm{X-f
- nse Ipam-cI
- hn ]pp-t]mse ]nfcp s\- I s kam- i z- k n- n- p- - X v .
"ASna'bpw Gg-bp-amb Ihn-v, ASn-a
-
- n-\pa-p-da
- p tamN-\
- ns `qan-bmWv, ]mZ-ns
ZpxJ-ew.
]Zw, ]mZw, ]mZ-Ps ASn-a-m-h-sb
km[q-Ic
- n-p A[oiXz{]am-W
- ns ASnm\ _nw_-am-Wv. ASn-a
-
- n-sbpw Zmkyn-sbpw ]oU-\m-h--bn \nv {]]
ZpxJ-ns Ah--bn-te-bvp km-cns Nn-ambn "]mZw' ]cn-h-\s
- -Sp-p.
{]]-s Ne\ _-am-p \oXn-N{Iw
F k]w Ihn- X - b n {]Xy- - s - S ptm, AXv "]mZ'ns Xs cq]m--cambnocp-p. {io\m-cm-b-Ws ssZh-Z-i-In "]Z'n\p \Ip hn-h-I-c-amb
hymJym\w IqSn ]cn-K-Wn-p-tm am{X-ta,
Bim Ihn-Xb
- n Bhn-s
- -Sp tamo^mb "]Z'-ns "]mZ'ns A-KXn
hy-am-hp-Ib
- p-q.
]Z-kt- cm-cplhpw, ]Zmw-_p-Ph
- pw, ]Z-Ia
- e
- h
- psamw `mc-Xob Ihn-Xb
- nse A`b _nw_-
Xs-bm-bn-cn-t, Ahsb ASn kzoI-cn-psIm-,v asmcp ]mZ-_

- p-Xzm-\p-`h
-
- n-tebvp
k-cn-pp F-XmWv Bim Ihn-Xb
- psS
khn-ti-jX
- . Cu ]Zmw-_p-P
- ns koa-bnXp
t]mIn-en Rm Fp ]d-bp-n-Sv ]mZw
{]W-b-ns AS-bm-f-amWv. AhnsS ]mZw
ip{iq-j-bp-sStbm ]qP-bp-sStbm m]-\-a-.
adnv ka-{K-amb A\p-`h
- a
- m-Wv.
\oXn N{Ihpw AXns Xncn-n-en-\
- a
- mb
kXyhpw F Hcp k]\w Bims IhnX-bn-ep-v. Ne-\
- ns knw F \ne-bnemWv "N{Iw' Ihn-Xb
- n-tebvp {]th-in-p-Xv. {io\m-cm-bW
-
\mhn-I \o
`mhm-_v[nv
Hcp Bhn htXmWn \n]Zw Fp ]dbp-n-S
- pw, PohnX kap-{Z-n k-cn-p
Bhn-bpsS htXm-Wn-bmWv ]mZw Fp ]dbp-p-ap-v. ]mZw I-ns Ne\-ns
hyql-am-Wv, hml-\-amWv Fp ]d-bp-tm
AXp Ipam-cI
- h
- n-bpsS kvtXm{X-Ir-Xn-If
- n ]dn-d
- p hSn-th-es abn-en-s\bpw A\p-kvacn-n-p-pv. "]mZ'ns [w, Iogm-fs\
Nhn-p Imep-I Ftm, Iogm-f\v P\n-m\p ew Ftm A. ]mZ-hpw, Iogm-f\pw
Xn ]mZ-hpw, ]mZ-P\pw Xn I]n-s-n-cn-p _s ap\n-dpn {io\m-cmbW tmIs hymJym-\n-p-tm, temI-Pe-[n-bn Nen-p Hcp hyql-am-Wv, ]mZ-Ps
P--m-\-sa-pw, temIs Nen-n-p
"I--in'bmWv ]mZ-P Fpw ImWm-hp-Xm-Wv. ]mZ-P-s\bpw Xcp-Wn-sbbpw Hpt]mse `n-p {ipXn-If
- n \npw kvarXnI-fn \npw ]nSn-s-Sp ]mZ-ns kmI hymJym-\a
- mWv AXv. "]mZ's An-aambn B{i-bn-p Ipam-c-I-hn-bpsS t_m[n-s-bmWv \oXn-N-{I-ns Iin hnem-khpw cq]-sa-Sp-p-X
- v. Bhn-b{- an-m-sX, \mhn-I C. \mhn-I F hynXzss cq]-s-Sp-p-Xv Bhn-b{- -amWv. ASn-a, lrZbw ]nfcp Hcp \ne-hnfn am{Xa-, hn Ne-\h
- yq-la
- mWv F Hcp Xncn-dn-hn-te-bvm-Wv, Ipam-cI
- hnbpw sNs-p-Xv.
""Ij-Is Ic-n'' ""s\bvp-Im-cpsS ]mv''
Fo {lkz-Im-hy-f
- n Fp-s\mv Dugn-bn
]Wn-sN-p-h
- s thZ\ Ihnsb kv]in-p-Xmbn ImWp-p. PmXo-b-amb D-\o-N-Xz-
s-Xn-sc-bp t]mcm-w, kzm`m-hn-Ia

- mbpw
ASn-bmf h-]--]m-Xn-bm-bn-o-cp-p-v.
Bim Ihn-Xb
- nse Zi-\
- ns hnImk ]cnWm-a
- hmbn-d
- n-bp-tm-gpw, kvtXm{X-Ir-XnI apX Icp-Wh
- s
- c-bp Bim Ihn-XI
- fnse ka-{K-Im-hy-Zi-\s hni-Ie
- \w sNptm-gpw, ASn-bm-fs
- -bpw, Gg-bp-tSbpw `nphn-sbpw A[o-iX
- z-m-]\
-
- n \nv A\yh-cn-s
- -Sp-Ib
- pw, \nc-kn-s
- -Sp-Ibpw ]pd- - s - S p- I bpw sNp h- nsbpw
kmnyw Pohn-d
- n A\p-`h
- a
- mbn ]Xn-bpp. Gg-bp-sS, Cc-m-fn-bp-sS, t`mK-an-c-p
s]ns, tbmKn-\n-bpsS `nmw--tZ-ln-bpsS
_nw_-]c
-
- I (tam-n-^p-I)fpsS irwJ-eb
- m
kw{K-Yn-s
- -Sp Hcp ka-{K-Zi-\a
- mWv Bimt- X v . {_- N - c y- t am, {]W- b tam GXmWv
DrjvSw F ASn-m\ {]iv\w ]cn-KWn-p-tm Hp asm-ns ewL-\-am-bno-cp-p. A-cs
- amcp "ewL\'amWv Bim
Ihn- X . AXp- s Im- mWv \nbaw hnsmcp
sX koX-bpsS \nizm-k
- ns hymJym-\am-bn-o-cp-X
- v. Cu ewL\ {]h-\
- n
_p-`n-p-hmb D]-Kp-]vXs
- \-t- ]mse BZy
kvtXm{X-Ir-Xn-If
- nse ]n-bm-f\pw {]k LSI-am-Wv. CXn-sem-ns\ amn-\nn-sm-v,
asm-ns\ Is-m-\m-hn-.
Imtb-Is
- a-Sp-m-anl ]qth-I\
- n-dpmw
ambmsX hnX-bvm-aY hn-\y-s\m-cp-
Bbm-ka
- s
- X-m hn[n kn-Xa
- mpw
\otbmXp tl! tkmZc! s\q ! XpWn
s\q
[\y-Xz-sa-gpw-a
- h
- \pw, ap-In-fbvpw
Jn-n-Xnbmw Ij-I\pw, tIh-ea
- mcpw
(s\-bvp-Im-cpsS Hcp ]mv
1905)
shn-sbm-cpn Rms\-sp hnp-I
fnn-Xp Im\ Pe-m
Xn-mbv X [\amw XovWc
- i
- van-I
IjvSw IXn-tcm Irjn sNp-p.
(Ij-Is Ic-n 1922)
Fpw Bim Fgp-Xp-p-v.
Fp-s\mv Dugn-bn ]Wn-sN-p-h
- s
Azm-\^
- ew A\y "Irjn' sNp Zpc-h-bmWv ChnsS BJym\w sNbvXn-c
- p-X
- v.
Ij-Is\ `qan-bp-ambn ka-\z-bn-p-sIm-pw,
]mTw HIvtSm-_ 2013
25
D]-Kp-]vXs angn-\o-cn-gnv AXv Nm-en ]Xn-p-tm, Abm

hmk-h-Z--bpsS \mdp DS-en Iqtdm-sS, A]p-I-ev, ]n-n-Snp Ibdp-I-bm-Wv. Ip-\o Hcp DZv{K-Y\ cq]-I-am-Wv. AXv hmk-h-Z--tbbpw
]Wn-bm-f-s\bpw DZv{K-Yn-p-p. D]-Kp-]vX-s\bpw hSn-th-e-s\bpw DZv{K-Ynp-p. \nkzm-amb {]W-bm-t-j-n {_-N-cy-ap-S-p-sImv BWpw
s]pw Hp tNcp-p. ssZhw \mhn-I-\m-sW-n, ssZh-]Zw Bhn-h
tXmWn-bmWv Fp ]d-bp-n-S-v, temIs Nen-n-p temI-ns
Imep-If
- m-Wv. ]Wn-bm-f F Aw sXfn-p-hc
- p-p-v. C-s\-sbmcp
Zi\w Bims {]W-b-`m-h-\-bp-sSbpw temIm-\p-cmK `mh-\-bp-sSbpw
Du t{kmX-mbn \np-p.
IXn-tcms\ "[\y-\mbn' kn-p-sImpap BJym-\
- n \nXy-`m-kpc \`-c- fpw nXy- h - bpw Xn- e p
sshcpyw {]k-a
- m-bn-o-cp-Ibpw sNpp-v.
Fp-s\m-q-gn-bp-gpXp hnbp-X
Itm-e[
- m-cb
- m Rm \\p
Cw Ign-bt hn-X\
- m-bn-h
\n-db
- n-en\n hnp-t]mepw
(Ij-Is Ic-n)
Fp- s \m- q- g n- b n ]Wn sNp- - h s
I-in kzm-c-ln-X-am-Wv. Ah ]pXnp ]Wn-bp-h
- \
- m-Wv. Ahs Azm-\ns êw Bcp sImp t]mIpp Fp
IW-m-msX Ah Azm-\
- n apgp-Ipp. B-fms BZy-Ir-Xn-If
- n-sem-mb kp{_-Wy-i-X-I-nse Xp-cm\v, AXp-sImv
Xs ASn-bm-fh
- ]-]m-Xa
- p-v.
F-p-cm-s\-fn-b-h-en-bp-sm-scs
km-\-km-c-kpc the-\n-Xm-h-cp-p.
]-p-\np ]Wnbpw ]Wn-bm-f Xn
enn-ng angn-\o-cn-gn-bp t\cw
]n-n-Snp ]pWcpw ]c-am-amb
] ]n hSn-th-e\
- n-Xm-hc
- pp
Fs-gp-Xp-tm, Ffn-b-h\pw Gg-bp-amb
]Wn-bm-fs angn-\o-cnnng-bp ico-cs ]nn-Snp ]pW-cp Hcp ssZh-ap-v. ""\mdp-ao-bp-Sep- X s ta\n- b n, Iqsdm- S ]p Iep
sImptam'' Fp ]d-bp-n-S
- pw, tZl,
X-n-ep ebhpw Bt-j-hp-am-Wv \nt-in-s-Sp-X
- .v DS-ens ta\n-bn tIdp-Ib
- pw, Iecp-Ibpw ]n-n-Sn-p-Ibpw sNp hSn-th-e\v
DS\m-dp-p-sh-pw, ico-c
- n angn-\o-scm-gpIn-sm-n-cn-p-I-bmWv Fpadn-bmw. ]Wn
sNp-h
- s angn-bn \nv Cgn-bp Iocn ]n-n-Snp ]pW-cp ssZh-sa-X
- v, A]q-amb Hcm-tj `mK-am-Wv. AXn\v kv{Xo]p-cpj _-ns Aim ssNX-\y-ap-mhp-Xv D]-Kp-]vX hmk-hZ-
- b
- psS \mdp
tNmc-sbm-gp-Ip DS-en-\S- pp \np-tm-gmWv. D]-Kp-]vXs angn-\o-cn-gnv AXv Nm-en
]Xn- p- t m, Abm hmk- h - Z - - b psS
\mdp DS-en Iqtdm-sS, A]p-Ie
- v, ]nn-Snp Ib-dp-Ib
- m-Wv. Ip-\o Hcp DZv{K-Y\
cq]-Ia
- m-Wv. AXv hmk-hZ-
- t- bbpw ]Wn-bm-fs\bpw DZv{K-Yn-p-p. D]-Kp-]vXs
- \bpw hSn-the-s\bpw DZv{K-Yn-p-p. \nkzm-amb {]Wbm-t-j
- n {_-Nc
- y-ap-S
- p-sImv BWpw
s]pw Hp tNcp-p. ssZhw \mhn-I\
- m-sWn, ssZh-]Zw Bhn-h tXmWn-bmWv Fp
]d-bp-n-S
- v, temIs Nen-n-p temIns Imep-If
- m-W.v ]Wn-bm-f F Aw
sXfn-p-h-cp-p-v. C-s\-sbmcp Zi\w
Bims {]W-b`
- m-h\
- b
- p-sSbpw temIm-\p-cmK
`mh-\b
- p-sSbpw Du t{kmX-mbn \npp.
dnb Ftv
Imes
taL-k-t-i-
"CS-\n-e-m-c' Hcp cmjv{So-b-cq-]-Iambn
]cn-tim-[n-p-sIm-p kmwkvIm-cnI hnai\w
_p tUm- k - d ns
Cc- p i_v Z w s\ntev Dcpp Ib-dp-p. Dbp Xmgp

Iq Ccpp apjvSn-I Ccp Ib-dp-Ibpw
ISnp Iodp-Ibpw sNp-p. Ddw \jvS-s
A[n- \ n- t h- i nX P\X ]mXn- a - b - - n
sRn sRn DW-cp-p. hoSpw hgnbpw IpSnsh-hpw \jvS-sv Ah-Im-i--fn-m-Xmbn
A]-am-\n--s P\X dnbFtvam^nb- b psS HuZm- c y- mbn bmNn- p- p.
cmjv{So-b-m \nmW {]h-\--fn
\npw Hgnp t]mhp-Ibpw AhnsS tImSnI-fpsS BkvXn-bp-ambn dnb Ft-p-Im
ISv hcn-Ibpw Ah-cpsS em`-n-\-\p-Iq-eambn temI- { I- a s amn FSp- p- I bpw
sNp-p. hj--fmbn ASp--Spv Xmakn--h AI-ep-p. hgn-I AS-bv-s-Spp. As-n Npw Npa--s-Sp-p. Nppw
]Ww sImv B{I- a nv Iogv s - S p- n- b tijw \psS hoSn\v Ah hne ]d-bp-p.
FXnv \np-h\v Nppw av amnbnv Ah-s\bpw Ahs hoSn-s\bpw ]mXmf-n-tebvv Nhn-n-m-gvp-p. As-n
Nppw av amn-sb-Spv Ah-s\bpw Ahs
hoSn-s\bpw BIm-i-n-tebvv Dbp-p.
ap Nne-tm Ahs hoSns\ HSnp aSn
temdn-bn Ib-n-smv t]mIp-p. cmjv{Sob- m- c \pw \nb- a - ] m- e - I \pw Hmtcm a\pjy\pw dnb Ft-vIm-cpsS CS-\n-e-mcmbn amdp-p. dnb Ftp _nkn-\-pIm Ah- c psS em`- n\p thn sImv
jq_
sI.-F-
kv.
hcp-Xpw _lp-`q-cn-]w t]scbpw ]pdwX- p- - X p- a mb {]h- \ - - f n \npw
Nnev am{Xw e`n-p Nnd ku`m-Kysf \mw hnI-k\w Fv hnfn-p-p. B
ku`m- K y- - f psS ]nXrXzw Ah- I m- i - s v
CSXv heXv cmjv{So-b-m ]c-kv]cw acn-p--Xns\
B[p-\n-Im-\ccmjv{Sob{]h\w Fv hnfn-p-p.
Ghpw \ Iqn-sm-Sp-p-Im-c hnI-k-\\m-b-I F-dn-b-s-Sp-p.
ka-kvX-_--n-S-bnepw CS-\n-e-mc ISv hcn-Ibpw _- ]W-m
BtZiw sN-s-Sp-Ibpw sNp-p. hntPm-ôkpw tIm-td-j Hmôkpw ]mbv Hmôkpw Hs P\--fp-am-b CS\n-e-m-cp-am-bmWv _-s-Sp--Xv. ssIqenbpw Io- j \pw P\w CS- \ n- e - m- c \v
sImSp-m am{Xw Imcy- \S-p-p.
ss{Uh ssekkv Inm\pw Itemhn\v F t{KUv e`n-m\pw CS-\n-e-mc thWw. tUmIvSam ss^hvm
tlmkv]n--ep-I-fp-tSbpw kvIm\nwKv sk-dpI-fp-tSbpw CS-\n-e-m-c-\mbn \nv Io-j
XpI ssI-n-bmWv Pohn-p--Xv. hnm\p hoSns hgn ssINqn ]dv sImSpm Hcp {]tXyI iX- a m\w Io- j
Inpw. Ah-c-h sNp tPmen-bpsS Iqen]mTw HIvtSm-_ 2013
27
tb-m At\Iw Ccn XpI Io-j hgn

e`np XpS-p-tm tPmen sNm hnapJX Dmbn h-cn-Ibpw ]q-k-ab
t{_m-dmbn Hmtcm a\p-jycpw amdp-Ibpw
sNp- p. am{X- a Ah- c - h sNp
]Wnsb t{_m ]Wn-bmbn amn-sb-Sp-pIbpw sNp-p. kn\n-am \S-m-cpw, Sn.-hn.
Ah-Xm-c-I-cpw, Kmb-I-cpw, Imbn-I-Xm-c--fpw,
am[ya {]h-Icpw A[ym-]-I-cpw,
cmjv { Sob {]h- I cpw Hs hXpI
ssIn P\-Xsb Itmf hymtam-l-v
ssI]n-Snv \Ip CS-\n-e-m-cmbn amdnbn-cn-p-p. Fm-t]-tcbpw CS-\n-e-m-c-\mIm \n_-n-p-I-bm-Wv [\-Imcy apX-emfnw sNp- - X v . \thm- m\ ]q- I mes aX ]utcm-ln-Xyhpw a\p-jys\ CS\n-e-m-c-\m-m-\mWv {ian--Xv. CS-\n-e-mcs\ \nn-p--Xn\v ]nn-ep km-nI- - c m- j v { Sob _- ]cn- t im- [ n- p- I ,
kv { Xoim- o- I - c - W w, ssk_ ssewKnI
hyn-Xzw, ]pXnb hnZym-`ymk ]-Xn, Dcm-[p-\nI kmwkvIm-cnI {]h-\w Fnh-bn CS-\n-e-m-cs\ \nn-p
cmjv{Sobw Fs\ {]hn-pp Fv
At\z- j n- p- I , CS- \ n- e - m- c - \ mbn amdp
AYhm taL- c q- ] - a mbn amdp Zpc- h - bvs-Xn-sc-bp {]Xn-tcm-[- Imfn-Zmk
IrXn- I sf ap\nn shfn- s - S p- pI
Fn- h - b mWv Cu {]_- - ns ey.
CS-\n-e-m-c Hcp cmjv{So-b-cq-]Iw F
\ne-bn
kv{Xobpw ]pcp-j\pw Xn-ep C-m-Ihpw km- - I hpw {]W- b - _ - - h p- a mb
_w Akm-[y-am-hp-tmtgm A{]m-]y-am-Iptmtgm BWv Hcp CS-\n-e-m-c ISv
hcp--Xv. Hcp s]n\v BWn-s\tbm
BWn\v s]ns\tbm sXc- s - S p- m
Ign- b msX hcp- t m- g mWv Hcp IeymW
t{_m Dm-Ip--Xv. thiym-hr-n-p
CS-\n-e-m-cs krjvSn-bnepw Cm-c-ln-Xamb kv{Xo]p-cp-j-_--am-Wp--Xv. AXm-bXv
Cm- c - l n- X - a mb kv { Xo]p- c pj _- n\v
e kuIcyw Hcp-n-sm-Sp-p--bm-fmWv
CS-\n-e-m-c. jo-I-cn--s kv{Xo]pcpj _-ns kmnbpw A\y-h-Xvcn--s kv{Xo]p-cpj _-ns AS-bmf- h p- a m- W - b m. \ Iqn- s m- S p- p- I m- c
s]ns\ Iqn-sm-Sp-pI am{Xta sNp28 ]mTw HIvtSm-_ 2013
pq. D]- t bm- K n- p- n- . Bcp- s Stbm

AXn-Im-a-n\v kmnbpw ImgvN-m-c-\p-amW-bm. AXn-Im-a-n\v kuI-cy-sam-cp-nsm-Sp-p-tmgpw \njvIm-an-bmWv CS-\n-em-c Fw.
CS-\n-e-m-c Ncn-{X-nse bmZr-n-IX-b-. Nne khn-tij km-n-I--cm-jv{Sob--kmw-kvIm-cnI k`--fn CS-\n-e-mc al-Xz-h-XvI-cn--s-Sp-p. CS-\n-e-mcs e-W-ambn ta-d AXn-Im-an-sbpw \njvIm-a-n-sbpw kn{i cq]amWv `K- h m {ioIr- j v W . Hcp bpnepw t\cnv ]s-Sp-m-Xn-cn-p-Ibpw Ccp
Iqpw thn ZqXn\v t]mIp-Ibpw sNbvX
Irjv W s\ `K- h m- \ m- n- b - t m Ncn- { Xn CS-\n-e-m-cs DZ-b-am-bn-cp-p. ]Xn\m-dm-bn-c-s-ns CS-b-\mb AXn-Im-an-bpw
KotXm-]-tZ-i-nse \njvIm-an-bp-amWv `Khm {ioIr- j vW. alm- ` m- c - X - nse
IrjvW\v tKm]-kv{Xo-I-fpsS Imap-I\pw
ssZh ]p{X\pw sF{-Pm-enI kmay-ap-h-\p-amb IrjvW-\p-ambn Hcp kmZr-iy-hpan Fv Ccm-hXn Imsh ]d-bp-p-v.
AXm- b Xv NmXphyhpw {_m- W - a Xhpw ZrVo- I - c n- - s ]nme Ncn{X
k`-n-emWv IrjvWs CS-\n-e-m-c
F hynXzw cq]w sImp--Xv. DXv]mZ-\s A]-Ij-s-Sp-p Hcp A[oi
cmjv{So-b--km--nI hyh--bn-emWv CS\n- e - m- c DZbw sNp- - X v. Iw
sNp AYhm DXv]m-Z\w sNp iq{Zhy- nXzw A[x- n- X - a m- - s - S p- I bpw
DXv ] m- Z - t \- X c hyn- X z- a p {_m- W
D-X-\mbn
amdp-Ibpw
sNp
cmjv{Sobhyh- - b mWv NmXphynt-Xv. {_m-W-aXw D]-tZ-in \njvIma
I-ns cmjv{So-b-amb Aw iq{Z
sNp {]hr-n-bpsS êw {_m-W\v
sImSp-Ww F-Xm-bn-cp-p. `qan-bn ]Wnsb-Sp-p--hs\ `qan-bn \npw ]pd--pI- b m- b n- c pp {_m- W - a Xw sNbv X - X v .
Cs\ DXv]m-Z\ hyn-Xzs A[x-I-cnp- I bpw DXv ] m- Z \cln- X - a mb hynXzw
al- X z- h - X v I - c n- - s - S p- I bpw sNp Hcp
cmjv { So- b m- h - - b psS kzm`m- h nIkrjv S nbmWv CS-\n-e-m-c F-Xv. DXv]m-Z\ clnXhpw Cm- c - l n- X - h p- a mb ssewKn- I - { In- b bpsS am{X-a cmjv{Sob hyh--bpsS IqSn
{]Xo- I - a mWv CS- \ n- e - m- c Fw.
BtKm-fo-I-c-W-Im-es `c-W-IqSw I-h-S-mv e-ku-Icyw Hcpn-sm-Sp-p s^kn-en-t--dm-Wv, AYhm CS-\n-e-m-cm-Wv. I-h-S-m

Ah-cpsS ]-Xn-I \S-n-em-p--Xns `mK-ambn I\np Inp kuIcy--fpsS ]nXrXzw Gs-Sp-pI am{X-amWv `c-W-IqSw sNp--Xv. cmjv{Sob
ka-c--fn-eqsS t\Sn-sb-Sp Ah-Im-i-sf ]W-n\v thn Hp-sIm-Spp-Ibpw `c-W-IqSw CS-\n-e-m-c-\m-Ip-Ibpw cmPys I-h-S-mv Iqnsm-Sp-p-Ibpw sNp-p. I-h-S-m Ah-cpsS em`-hn-lnXw Bizmk
]-Xn-Imbn `c-W-Iq-Ss Gn-p-p. apX-em-fnw \nn-p
amen-\y- \ow sNm ]g-b-Ime tXmn-Isf Hmn-npw hn[w
sXmgn-ep-d-p kv{XoIq-m-bva-Isf krjvSn-p-p.
{_mW{Xo- b m- Z n- I - f psS AXn- I m- a v e-ku-Icyw Hcp-n-sm-Sp-p
\njvIm-an-I-fmn AYhm CS-\n-e-m-cmn
P\- sf amn- s b- S p- p- I - b mWv {_mW
\oXnhyh sNbv X - X v . hnhn[ Amcmjv{S ^nwKv GPkn-I aptJ\ aqmw
temI- c m- P y- - f n- t ebv v tImSn- - W - n\v
]Ww Hgp- n- h nv DXv ] m- Z \ hyh- sb
XIp apX- e m- f n- hpw CXp XsbmWv sNp- - X v . shw, hgn, shfn- w,
hnZym- ` ym- k w, ssewKn- I X Fn- h - b n
\nsmw Hcp P\Xsb Bn-b-In A]-am\n- Xv ]v ssZh- s bpw PmXn- s bbpw
ap\nn-bm-bn-cp-p-sh-n Cv
]Ws am\-Z--am-n-bm-Wv.
BtKm-fo-I-c-W-Im-es `c-W-IqSw Ih- S - mv e- k u- I cyw Hcp- n- s m- S pp s^kn-en-t--dm-Wv, AYhm CS-\n-em-cm-Wv. I-h-S-m Ah-cpsS ]-Xn-I
\S- n- e m- p- - X ns `mK- a mbn I\np
Inp kuI-cy--fpsS ]nXrXzw Gs-SppI am{X- a mWv `c- W - I qSw sNp- - X v .
cmjv{Sob ka-c--fn-eqsS t\Sn-sb-Sp AhIm-i-sf ]W-n\v thn Hp-sIm-Sp-pIbpw `c- W - I qSw CS- \ n- e - m- c - \ m- I p- I bpw
cmPys I- h - S - mv Iqn- s m- S p- pIbpw sNp-p. I-h-S-m Ah-cpsS em`hn-lnXw Bizmk ]-Xn-Imbn `c-WIq-Ss Gn-p-p. apX-em-fnw \nnp amen-\y- \ow sNm ]g-bIme tXmn-Isf Hmn-npw hn[w sXmgnep-d-p kv{XoIq-m-bva-Isf krjvSn-p-p.
amen-\y-n-s\-Xnsc thWp-\m-Z- Db-cpp. DXv]m-Z-t\-X-c-amb AanX D]-t`m-K-amWv
amen- \ y- - f psS krjvSn. hngp- p- a mbn

\np CS- \ n- e - m- c s Akv Xn- X z- n-tev `c-W-Iq-Ss amn-op [\-]c- a mb ISp Ib- s ey- a m- msX
Acw [\t{kmX-p-Isf Xs B{i-bnp-sImv P\-Iob ka-c-sf Ae-kn-nm\pw sNdp-Xm-m-\p-amWv F.-Pn.-H. kwL {ian- p- - X v . P\- n\pw `c- W - I q- S n\pw CS- b n \np- s Imv Ah Xnep km-I_s Cm-Xm-p
CS-s]-SepI-fmWv
km-tc-Xc
kkwL- F henb CS-\n-e-m
sNp--Xv. tIc-f-nse CS-Xp-kzm-`m-h-ap
cmjv { Sob a\- ns\ shn- s m- e - s - S p- pXv ]mn--Ipw ]pd-p-ap cmjv{Sob
kwL- BWv. Fm Fm sIme-]mX-I-pw FXn-sc-bp ka-c-fpw Cu
kwL- Xs kwL-Sn-n-Ww. Fm
ka-c--sfbpw tIc-fob cmjv{Sob a\-n\v
FXn-cm-m\pw hyn-]-c-amb Poh-Im-cpWy
{]ta-b-n-tev ]cn-hn-m-\p-am-bmWv
Cu CS-\n-e-m Fm-n-tepw \pg-p-Ib-dp--Xv. Hcp Iyq-Wn-p-Im-cs sIme-]mXIw bYm-n, ChnsS CSXv \ne-]mSp- I sf Cm- X m- p F.- P n.- H . kwLpw ]mn-p-nepw ]pd-p-ap heXp-]--n\pw FXn-sc-bmWv hncNq-t-Xv. ]t ChnsS kw`-hn-Xv t\sc FXncmWv. Sn.-]n.-bpsS sIme-]m-XIw CS-Xp-cmjv { Sob a\- ns Ay- a mbn BtLm- j nm F.-Pn.-H. kwL-v Ign-p.
Iyq-Wnv ]mn-bnse \-bp-tS-Xmbn
am[y-a- Dbn-sm-p-h-cp ]w
hn.-F-kv. Ds-Sp sFkv ]w
]mTw HIvtSm-_ 2013
29
tIm-tdv CS-\n-e-mcpambpw ]cn-nXn

F.-Pn.-H. {]h-I-cp-ambpw t\cnv _s- n- c n- p- p. CXn- s - s bms ad- h nepw
]m- - e - n- e p- a mWv CXn- s - s bms
]m- - e - n- e mWv tIc- f s Bp- I fmbn Hcp hntZi kq am-n-\p-n-emp I-h-S-ta-f-I ChnsS Dm-Ip--Xv.
C- c - n Fm cwK- - f nepw Dbp
s]mp
DXv]m-Z\clnX
[\ImcyhynXzw kzm`m- h nI Pohn- X - n
\npw `qan-bn \npw a\p-jys\ Bn-pd-m-p-Ibpw ]gb IpSn-bms Ah--bntebvv P\-Xsb amn-sb-Sp-p-Ibpw sNpp. A-s\-bmWv Hcp dnb Ft-p-Imcs _ptUm- k Iq ]p- I - f p- a mbn
]nfn- h hmbbp-ambn \psS
Pohn-Xs ]ngp-sXSp-m ]mp-h-cp-Xv.
CS\nem-cs
cmjv{So-bw--a-lm-`mcX cmam- b - W - fn
CS-\n-e-m-csbpw
jsbpw BJym-\ cmjv{So-b-amb
AYhm DXv]m-Z-\-]c-amb kvXw`-\ns AS-bm-f-fmWv
FmWv
tahn-h-cn--Xv.
alm-`m-c-Xhpw cmamb- W - h p- s amw Iqn- s m- S p- p- I m- c p- s Sbpw
j-m-cp-sSbpw Zpc---fmWv Bhn-jvcn- p- - X v . alm- ` m- c - X - I m- e s [mnI
hyh--bpsS {]Xo-I-sav ]d-bm-hp òjva]n-Xm-a-l Fm A-nepw Hcp CS-\ne-m-c-\m-bn-cp-p. A\pw A\p-P-mpw
A\p-P-m-cpsS `mcy-ampw thn CS-\ne- m- c s ZuXyw Atlw hln- p- p.
]nXm-hn\v kXy-hXn F app-h-s-ns\
Iqn- s m- S p- p- I bpw AXns `mK- a mbn
hnhmlw Xs th Fv hbvp-Ibpw
sNbvX BfmWv òjva. A[n-Im-chpw ]Whp- a p- - h s AXn- I maw \njv I m- a - a mbn
\n- l np sImSp- pI FXv GsXmcp
anI CS- \ n- e - m- c - s bpw [- a m- s Wv
hni-Zo-I-cn--tm. AXp-X-s-bmWv òjva

sNp--Xv. ]nXm-hn\v kXy-h-Xn-bn ]nd
]p{X-mv thn Aw_, Aw_n-I,
Aw_m-enI Fo kv{XoIsf ]nSn-p-sImv
hv sImSp-p-Xpw Atlw BWv. HSphn IpnIfn-msX A\p-P-m ac-W-s-Spp. CS- \ n- e - m- c - \ m krjv S n- - s - S p
j-Xz-amWv ChnsS shfn-sv hcp--Xv.
CXv
{]W-b-ns
ac-W-sbpw
kv{XobpsS A\m-Y-Xz-sbpw \nn-p-samWv Awt_m- ] m- J ym- \ - n- e qsS CXnlmk Ihn ]d-bp--Xv. òjva {]Xn-\n-[m\w
sNp CS- \ n- e - m- c s hyn- X z- a m- W v ,
Dt]-n--s-Sp kv{XoXz-sbpw Anbn Npp-sIm--s-Sp kv{XoP--sbpw
ih-Xp-ey-ambn
Pohn-p icibnse a\pjy
Pohn-X-sbpw
inJn hyn-Xz- s fbpw \nnp--Xv Fv Cu
IY- b n ImWmw.
òjva-cpsS Xnsmv t]mI
\nanw Imap- I \m Dt]- n- s
Aw_
XobnNmSn acnv
inJ-n-bmbn
hopw
]ndv
` o j v a s
hogvNbvv Imc-Wm-cn-bmbn ]I-hop-p. {]W-bs ad-p-Ibpw Zpc-s
\nn-p-Ibpw sNp òjva-cpsS
jXzw \nd asmcp {]hr-n-bm-bn-cpp, Aw_n- I bv pw Aw_m- e n- I - b v pw
hymks\ Iqn-sm-Sp-pI F-Xv. AXn
\nmWv j-\mb ]mphpw A-\mb
[rX-cm-jv{Scpw Dm-b-Xv. (A-XjoIc- W - a m- s Wv t{^mbn- U v ) . Cu
A-X-bmWv AYhm j-Xam-bmWv A[nIm-c-a--c-ambn Hcp Ipcpt{X-bp--ambn
]cn-W-an--Xv. j-\mb ]mp `mcysb
]epw Iqn- s m- S p- mWv ]p{X- msc
t\Sn-b-Xv. AXn ]nd--h\pw B [mnI
hyh- - b psS {]Xo- I - h p- a mb [- ] p- { X
`mcysb ]W-b-s-Sp-n-b-h\pw B{I-an--
s-Sm hnp-sIm-Sp---h-\p-am-Wv. CS-\n-e-mc

al-Xz-h-XvI-cn--s-Sp
Cu
[mnIhyh--bpsS j-X-bm ]pdwX--s {]W-b-fpw (Aw-_-bpsS {]Wbw, Ipn-bpsS hnhml]q {]W-bw) XnckvIrX I- P - - fpw krjvSn- p
[mnI{]Xn- k - n- I - f mWv alm- ` m- c - X ns CXn-hr-w. cmam-b-Whpw As\
Xs.
A[n- \ n- t hi hyh- - b n cmPyhpw
`mcybpw A[nImcn- p- - X m- W v . ]pe- b \v
Fn-\mWv `mcy ]ip t]mtc Fv Icp-Xnbn-cp Hcp Imew \ap-p-m-bn-cp-Xv AXpsIm-m-Wv. ]Xn-s\v aWn-q ]Wn-sb-Spp Hcp sF.-Sn. sXmgn-em-fn-tbmSv apX-emfnw tNmZn-p-Xpw AXm-Wv. \nsn-\mWv `mcybpw Ip-Spw-_hpw ]Ww t]mtc
Fv . cmjv { So- b - m- t cmSv tNmZn- p- Xv
\ns- n- \ mWv cmPyw ]Ww t]mtc
Fm-Wv. As\ `c-Wm-[n-Im-cn-I s^knen-t--dmbn amdp-Ibpw {]tXyI km-nI
taJ-e-I Dm-Ip-Ibpw sNp-p. {_mW
A[oi hyh--bn Zi-c-Y\pw Hcp s^knen- t - am{X- a m- b n- c p- p. AXp- s Im- mWv
Atlw
j-\mbn
amdp-Xpw
{_mWk-m `mcy-am {]k-hnp- - X pw. bmKm- n- b n \npw Dbp
h ]mbktm Ignv Ipp-
Dmbn F IY Zi-c-Ys CS-\n-e-mc F AkvXn-Xzs adp ]nSn-m
thn krjvSn--s--Xm-Wv. ]mbktmdn
\npw ]nd AYhm Zi-c-Ys j-Xzn \npw ]nd {iocm-a `mcy-bpsS
Iqn-sm-Sp-p-Im-c-\mbn amdp-Xv kzm`mhn-I-am-Wv. koXsb bpw sNbvXv hosSp tijw A\p-P-m-tcm-sSm-tam Ipc-m-tcm-sSm-tam t]mIm-\mWv cma Bhiy- s - S p- - X v . l\p- a m F Ipc- s\
X\nv Xpey-\mb kplr-mbn A cma
ImWp- - X v . thW- s a- n Ipc- - m- t cmsSmw s]mbv t m F Bt- ] - n
AXmWv D-Xv. l\p-ams\ koXbvv thnbp shdpw CS-\n-e-m-c am{X-ambn ]cnK- W n- p cma asmcp k`- n
kzbw Hcp CS-\n-e-m-c-\mbn A[x-]-Xn-pp. AXmWv bpm- \ - cw ImWp- - X v .
kv{XoIsf thiy-bmbn ]cn-K-Wn-p-I, ]pcpj-msc hnS-m-cmbn ImWpI Fo CS-\ne-m-cs e-W- {iocm-a av ]e-
tmgpw {]I-Sn-n-n-p-v. {]W-bm-`y-\bp-ambn hcp iq-W-Jsb eva-W\v

Iqn-sm-Sp-p-tm kv{Xosb thiy-bmbpw
A\p- P s\ hnS- \ mbpw ]cn- K - W n- p- s Imv
kzbw Hcp CS-\n-e-m-c-\mbn amdp-p. Xm
`mcy D- h - \ mWv Fv ]dv sImv
iq- W - J sb ev a - W s t\v Abbv p- t m D- b n- - s - S p {]iv \ -
Dv. cma-s\-tmse eva-W\pw hnhm-lnX-\m-Wv. Hw `mcy C Fv am{Xw. AXmbXv Xs Hw koX-bnmbn-cp-p-sh-n
iq-W-Jsb ]cn-K-Wn-m-am-bn-cpp FmWw. Fm cma AXv ]c-ky-ambn
{]I-Sn-n-n-. AXm-bXv ad-p-]n-Sn--s
hnS-Xz-amWv \njvIm-a-cm-a-hy-n-Xzw. C-cn al-Xz-h-XvI-cn--s-Sp {_m-W-cma-hy-nXzw P\-Xsb apgp-h thiy, hnS,
CS-\n-e-m-c Fn--s\-bp hyn-Xz-fn-tebvv Iqn-smv t]mIp-p. Cc-n AkvXnXzw \jvS-s P\-X-bmWv
Ipc--m-cmbpw cm-k-m-cmbpw Ahcmbpw A]- I jn- - s - - X v . cma- I - Y - b nse
hm\-c-mcpw cm-k-mcpw hny {]tZ-i-fn-sebpw a[y-`m-c-X-n-sebpw BZn-hm-knI-fmb A\mcy D]-Pm-Xn-I-fm-bn-cpp Fv
^mZ Iman _ps \nco-n-p-p-v.
(cm-a-I-Y--D--hhpw hf-bpw). C-c-n
CS-\n-e-m-cs hyn-Xz-m sImSp-mSp-I-fn X-s-Sp kv{Xobpw Ah\pw
A[n-Imc hyh--bn krjvSn-p BLmX-fpw {]Xn-k-n-I-fp-amWv alm`mc-X-stmse cmam- b - W - n- s bpw CXn- h r- w.
CS-\n-e-m-c hmgv-s-Sp A[nImchynXzw tNmZywsN- s v sImv
Xs- b mWv Ncn- { X- n \ne- \ n- - X v.
Ggmw\qmv hsc cmas {]hrn- I
tNmZyw sN-s-SmsX t]mbn-n-spw B
ImeL- f n cmas\ Ah- X m- c - ] p- c p- j \mbn Icp- X n- b n- c p- n Fpw km- e nb
A`n-{]m-b-s-Sp-p-v. (cm-am-bW ]T-\-).
tIc- f - nepw `n- { ]- m\ Ime- mWv
cma-hy-nXzw al-Xz-h-XvI-cn--s--Xv. Fgp-\pw apw Hcp Ime-L--ns skz
Un{]-j Fp ]d-bp Hcp kmaq-lnI
at\m-tcm-K-n\v hnt[-b-cmb ]mh--fmWv
Fv \nXy-ssN-X-\y-bXn \nco-n-p-pv.
(koX \qm-n-eq-sS) cma-hy-n-Xz-n\pw
apw Dn-ep CS-\n-e-m-cs j-hynXzw ]pdv hcp-Xv \thm-m\ Ime]mTw HIvtSm-_ 2013
31
m-Wv. òjvasc Nne k`--fn kzoIcn-ppsn t]mepw òjva-cnepw cma\nepw Hs-bp-Xv ssewKnI sshI-ey-fm-sWv Ipn-r-jvW-am-cmcv Is-p-pv . kzm`m- h nI ssewKn- I - X bv v taep
A[n-Imc {]tbm-K-amWv AXns\ hnI-e-amp--Xv. hnIessewKn-IX A[o-i-Xzs
\nn-p-Ibpw sNp-p. ]nXr A[n-Imc
hyh-bvv thn kzw bu\w Dt]n- p òjv a cmPm- - mv thn
kv{XoIsf Xn-smv hcp-p.
ssewKn-I-X-bpsS hocycqt]-Wbp {]I-S\w FmWv amcmcv
CXn- s \- p- d nv ]d- b p- - X v.
AXm-bXv A[n-Im-c-m
j-\m--s-Sp Hcm-fpsS
ssewKnI {]{Inb A[n- I m- c m hnI- e - a m- - s - S p- I bpw
A[n- I m- c m- \ p- I q- e - a m- p- I bpw
sNp-p.
cma-\p-Xpw
ssewKnI sshI- e y- a m- s Wv
amcmcv ]d- b p- p- v . iq- W Jsb ]dv hnSm- X n- c p- Xv
cma\v Im-kz-Zn-m-\m-sWv
Atlw kqNn-n-p-p. \b-\t`mKw F js cXn-sshI-ey-amWv ChnsS cma-\p--Xv.
ssewKn-I-Xbvv {]ap-J-m\w
\Ip t{^mbn-Un-s\bpw A[n-Im-c-n\v
{]m[m\yw \Ip \oXvsj-tbbpw cns\bpw cmjv{So- b - a mbn _n- n- p
amIvkn-s\bpw khn-ti-j-ambn Iqn-tbm-Pnn- p- s Imv ssewKnI hyXn- b m- \ - - f psS
cmjv{So-bm-kvXnXzw FdnIvt{^mw ]cntim[np-p-v. cXn-hy-Xn-bm-\--fpsS al-Xz-hXvI-cWw km[n-p-Xv A[o-i-Xz-am-Wv. \b\-t`m-Khpw kzh-ssew-Kn-I-Xbpw apX-emfn A[oiXzw km[y-am-m am[yahyhkmbw krjvSn-p-sImv hcp-tm AXv
\thm-m-\-ns \ntj-[-am-Wv. ssewKnI
hyXn- b m- \ - v ]nnse A[o- i Xzw
amcmcv shfn-s-Sp-p-tm B[p-\n-Im-\c kwhm-Z- AXv adv ]nSn-m {ianp-p.
ssk_ ssewKn-I-Xbpw j-Xzhpw
]q \thm-m\ Imev jo-I-cn-s ssewKn-I-Xsb \nn-Xv {_mW
A[o-i-Xz-am-Wv. kv{Xobvpw ]pcp-j\pw CSbn, ssewKn-IX ]m]-amWv Fv hnfnp
]d-p-sImv ]ptcm-ln-X F CS-\n-em-c Av \ne-bp-d-n-n-cp-p. apt kqNnnt]mse kzm`m-hn-Ihpw krjvSn-]-c-hp-amb

ssewKn-IX CS-\n-e-m-cs\ Xn--fbpw
F-Xn-\m ]ptcm-ln-X A{]-k--\m-bno- c p- p. AXn- \ m Xs A[n- I mcw
sImv hnI-e-am-bXpw hyh-m-hn-t[-bhpw
CS-\n-e-m-c Bh-iy-ambn hcp--Xp-amb
Cm- c - l nX Imaw am{Xta ]utcm- l nXyw
t{]mm- l n- n- p- p- q. C- s \- b mWv
ssewKnIX bm{n-Ihpw jo-I-cn--sXpw BIpXv. `mcysb {]m]n-m {_map-lqw

Imp
\np
{_mWbphm- h ns\ "Ankmn' F
t\mh- e n Nqn- m- p- p- v , AXns
s]mn-s-dn-I-fpw. Imaw k-]m-]-pw
Imc-W-am-sWpw Wn-I-am-sWpw ]dp- s Imv Bo- b - X - b psS {]Xn- ] p- c p- j \mbn {_mW ]utcm-lnXyw CS-\n-e-mc-\mbn \np-Xv sImmWv ssewKn-IX
hnI-ehpw \njv{In-b-hp-am-Ip--Xv. {_mW
]utcm-ln-Xy-s-tmse Itm-fhpw WnIhpw imco-cn-I-hp-amb AkvXn-Xz-n-emWv
ssewKn- I - X sb \n- N n- p- - X v . Fm
\n-e-amb Bm-hns\ ap \nn-b
Itmfw As\ ]d-bp--Xv. Bob ]pcpj F CS-\n-e-m-c-\ ]t t]mse
ssewKn- I - X sb jo- I - c n- p- - X v . adnv
Itm- f - ns DXv ] - - fpw b{- - f pamWv a\p-jy-ssew-Kn-I-Xbvv B[n-]Xyw
m]n-p--Xv. ]v Hcp Imap-I Imap-
Bob ]pcp-j F CS-\n-e

- m-c\
- ]t t]mse ssewKn-IX
- sb
jo-Ic
- n-p-X
- v. adnv Itm-f
- ns DXv]
-
- fpw b{-f
- p-amWv a\pjy-ssew-Kn-IX
- bvv ta B[n-]Xyw m]n-p-X
- v. ]v Hcp Imap-I
Imap-Insb Npw_n-m Inp Ah-kcw ]m]-ns t]cn Nne-tm
an-hb
- vpw. As-n AXns\ AXn-Po-hnv D-hb
- vpw. Cs ImapI Npw_n-p-X
- n\v ]Icw Imap-In-bpsS t^mtm FSp-pw. {]W-b
- n\pw
ssewKn-IX
- bvpw CS-bn Hcp CS-\n-e
- m-c\
- mbn ]gb ]utcm-ln-Xy-n\v
]Icw samss_ t^mWpw Iyma-dbpw Iyq-dpw Zriy-am-[y-a
- fpw Dbp
hcpp. C-c-n jo-I-cn--s-Sp ssewKn-IX ]utcm-ln-Xy-ns\ t]mse I-h-S-n\pw A\n-hm-cy-am-Wv. Cm--I-amb ssewKn-IX
am[y-as
- sew-KnI I-hS- s Akm-[y-am-pw. am[ya ssewKn-IX
- , kzm`mhnI ssewKnI _-s-m ssewKnI Zriy-v ASn-as
- -Sp Hcp
kaq-ls krjvSn-p-p. CXv ssewKnI j-Xz-n-tebvpw ssew-KnI
Ip-Ir-Xy-f
- n-tebvpw \bn-p-p. Iqp-Im-cs Iyma-dsb t]Sn-p Hcp
kv{Xo kaqlw A-s\-bmWv Dm-Ip-X
- v.
Insb Npw_n-m Inp Ah-kcw ]m]ns t]cn Nne- t m an- h - b v pw.
As- n AXns\ AXn- P o- h nv D- h bvpw. Cs Imap-I Npw_n-p--Xn\v
]Icw Imap-In-bpsS t^mtm FSp-pw. {]Wb-n\pw ssewKn-I-Xbvpw CS-bn Hcp
CS-\n-e-m-c-\mbn ]gb ]utcm-ln-Xy-n\v
]Icw samss_ t^mWpw Iyma-dbpw Iyqdpw Zriy-am-[y-a-fpw Dbp hcpp. Cc-n jo-I-cn--s-Sp ssewKn-IX
]utcm- l n- X y- n- s \ t]mse I- h - S n\pw A\n- h m- c y- a m- W v . Cm- - I - a mb
ssewKn- I X am[y- a - s sew- K nI I- h - S s
Akm-[y-am-pw. am[ya ssewKn-I-X, kzm`mhnI ssewKnI _-s-m ssewKnI
Zriy-v ASn-a-s-Sp Hcp kaq-ls
krjvSn-p-p. CXv ssewKnI j-Xz-ntebvpw ssew-KnI Ip-Ir-Xy--fn-tebvpw
\bn- p- p. Iqp- I m- c s Iyma- d sb t]Snp Hcp kv{Xo kaqlw A-s\-bmWv
Dm-Ip--Xv. Cv Iymadp-I Imnepw AI- - f - nepw ASp- - f - b nepw
s]mXp \nc- nepw ISv hv Hfnpw
sXfnpw icocw ]Ip- p. Itmf
ssewKn-I-X-bpsS CS-\n-e-m-c-\mbn Zriyam- [ y- a - amdp- p. ]gb K- c - X nt]msebmWv ]pXn-b-Ime ssk_ cXn-sbpw, AXn- \ p- n j- X z- a p- s pw
`mcysb A\y\v Iqn-sm-Sp-p KXn-tI-
Sp-spw A{X i-am-b-s-nepw "cm{Xnag' F kn\n-a-bn Bhn-jvI-cn-p-p-v.

Fm I-hS kn\nam icoc hyh-km-bn-\p-nse j-Xzs tcmKhr-mw
sImv hv \ymbo-I-cn-s-Sp-p-I-bmWv "XncY' F kn\n-a-bn. K`-]m{Xw am{Xap ico-c-am-bmWv ]utcm-lnXyw kv{Xosb
\n-Nn-p--sX-n K`-]m{Xw apdn-s-Sp-s ico-c-am-bmWv apX-em-fnw
kv{Xosb \n-Nn-p--Xv. K`-]m{Xw apdns-dn-bp--Xn I-h-S-hym-tam-l-p
]ns\ adv ]nSn- p- s Imv Iymk
tcmKs sImv hv Itm-f-s]m---fpsS ]pcp-j-cq-]-v \mbn-Isb Iqnsm-Sp-p ]Wn-bmWv kn\nam kwhn-[mb- I - \ p- Xv FmWv ta- d kn\na
m]n- p- - X v. hymP ssewKn- I - X sb
t{]mm-ln-n-pI F-XmWv K`-\n-tcm[\ Dd-I-fpsS {]tbm-P-\-sa-nepw Dd-I-fpsS
{]Nm-c-W-n\v ]nn-ep eyw FbvUvkv
tcmK-{]-Xn-tcm-[-amWv Fp ]d-bpw-t]m-sebmWv jo-I-c-W-n\v ImcWw Imk
tcmK-amWv Fv ChnsS ]d-bp--Xv. GXmv
CtX {]ta-b-ap "BIm-i-nse ]pjv]' F {ioe- kn\n-a-bn Ipn-Isf
Cm- X m- pI FXv Itmf ssewKnI
kn\nam Pohn-X-ns Zpcw F \nebn Xs Ah-Xcnnp-pv FXv
{it- b - a m- W v . I- h S ssewKn- I - X - b v s ]mTw HIvtSm-_ 2013
33
Xnsc {]Xntcm- [ - s am- c p- m {ian- p

kn\n- a - b mWv "Im \yqkv ' . Fm
Itmf ssewKn-I-X-bvp Iyma-d-bp-sSbpw
am[y-a-nsbpw ]v Ah-K-Wn-p-sImv
]pXnb tamU samss_ t^mWns\
Xs \mb-I-\mn ChnsS Dbnsmp hcp-p. As\ GXn-s\-bmtWm
FXnp- Xv AXn\v Xs P\- X sb
ssI]n- S nv \Ip CS- \ n- e - m- c mbn
kn\nam {]hI amdp-p. CS-\n-e-mcs (C--sk v Ah-X-cn-n IYm-]m-{Xw)
Hgnv _mn-bp--h-cp-sS-sbmw IpSpw_w
inYn- e - a m- I pp Fv ]dv CS\n- e - mcs\ \mb- I - \ mn al- X z- h - X v I - c n- p
"Cs Nnm- h n- j bw' F kn\na
]pXnb Imes kn\n-a-bm-Wv. hkv{X-I-bp-aXn cwKs CS-\ne-m-c\pw ^mj
Unssk-\dpw Xnep \mbnIm\mbI
_s Ah-X-cn-np-sImv ]pXnb
kv{Xo]pcpj_s
\n-bn-p-Xv
{]W-b-a I-hS
kuI-cy--fmWv Fv
t_m[y- s - S p- p- p.
{]W-b-sbpw
ssewKn-I-X-sbbpw
I- h - S - m CS- \ n- e m-cmbn
\nv
BtZiw sNp-Xv C-s\-bm-Wv. "Cy
dpn' bn {]I-S-am-bn-Xs CS-\n-e-m-c
\mb-I-\mbn amdp-p. "]Ww' F ]nXrcq]n\p apn \mw \psS bu\w
]q-ambn kanp Ignp Fv hniZo-I-cn--s-Sp-p. kv{Xo Fm I-t\m-m A]Xv ew Fw e`n-n-cnp-p. dnb Ft-ns Hcp ]ckyNn{Xn\v tZiob AwKo-Imcw e`n-n-cn-p-p.
"I-t\mv' Hgn-hmn dnb Ftv _nkn\kv sNpI F KpW-]mTw AwKo-I-cn-s-n-cn-p-p.
A[n- I m- c - h ym- ] - W m- [ n- ] Xyw ssewKn- I Xsb Fs\ \ntj-[n-pp Fv kXy
An- m- S ns Xs "`mKy- t Z- h X'bn
ImWmw. kv{Xo[\w e`n-mte `mcy-bp-ambn
_-sSq Fv Pbdmw Ah-X-cn-n-p
IYm-]m{Xw ]d-bp-p-v. AXp-sIm-mWv
{]kvXpX IYm-]m-{X-s-m \mbI kz`mh-n-tebvv s\Sp-apSn thWp Ah-X-cn-np Sqdnv CS- \ n- e - m- c amdp- - X v .
lmky-I-Ym-]m-{X-am-bn-cp CS-\n-e-m-c
F-s\-bmWv Kuc-h-ap {]hm-NI Xpey
hyn- X z- a mbn amdp- Xv Fv CXn
ImWmw. thiy-tbbpw ]Xn-{h-X-tbbpw XcmXcw t]mse Iq-n-sm-Sp-p-Ibpw {]W-bssew-Kn-I-X-bn \npw P\-Xsb Xn-amp-Ibpw sNp "sshimen'bnse ]ptcmln-Xs\ "`mKy-tZ-hX'bnse Sqdnv
ssKUmbn amdp s\Sp- a pSn thWp- h ns
ico-`mj Hmn-n-p-p-v. (]p-tcm-lnX
CS-\n-e-m-c Hcp Zpc--am-sWv
"sshimen' A\p-`-hn-n-p-tm Sqdnv CS\n-e-m-c "`mKy-tZ-hX' bn al-Xz-h-XvIcn--s-Sp-p.
"sshimen' sa-s
kn\n-a-bm-Ip-Xv
AXp-sIm-m-Wv). apXem-fn Imes
kv{Xossew-KnI FSp p - N m - -
(lukvt_mnse
{]W-b-eo-e) ]Wm am\y-am-IpXpw (]- p- e w
kv{Xo[\w sImSp-ptm "am\-tSv'
Cm-Xm-Ip-p). `c-WIq-S-n-sbpw
kv{Xobp-sSbpw A]-Ij-X-I ]W-m
]cn- l - c n- - s - S p- Xpw (kv { Xo[\- a n- m- Xn\v iIm- c n- p- t m anm- X n- c n- p
\mbnI tem- d n- b - S n- - t ijw FXnv
kwkm- c n- p- p. Khsa v tPmensb
lmky-h-XvI-cnv kwkm-cn-p-tm
FXnm Ign-bm-Xn-cp \mbnI tem-dnb-Sn--tijw Khsa v tPmen-bpsS alXzw
]d-bp-p) ChnsS ImWmw. A[zm-\-an-msX
e`n-p tImSn-I \psS _--sfbpw
`c-W-Iq-S-sbpw \n-bn-p Ah-bn-em-Wv CS-\n-e-m-c al-Xz-h-XvI-cn--sSp-Xv. Sqdnv ssKUv \psS _--fpsSbpw A`n- a m- \ - - f p- s Sbpw kwc- Ww
Gs- S pv \psS hon B[n- ] Xyw
m]n- p- p. Pbdmw Ah- X - c n- n- p
IYm-]m{Xw ktlm-Z-cn-bpsS hnhml k`n A\y-s\-tmse \np-tm
Sqdnv CS- \ n- e - m- c ktlm- Z - c - m\w

Gs-Sp-p-p.
CS-\n-e-m-cn-bpsS DZbw
ssewKn-I-X-bn \npw am{X-a
kv{Xohy-n-Xz-n \npw km-IX
tNmp t]mIp-p. jo-I-cn--s-Sp-Ibpw
CS-\n-e-m-cn-bpsS AkvXnXzw \nn--sSp- I bpw sNp- p. km- nI \nmW
{]h-\-n \npw AIn \n-sSp- I bpw \n- e - a mb Hcp kmwkv I m- c nI
{]Xo-Xn-bmbn kv{Xo amdp-Ibpw sNp-p.
]utcm-ln-Xy-Im-es "]Xn{hX' FXv kv{XoIsf
\njv{Inb hy-n-Xz-ntebvv Wn- p- s Imv
hcm-\p Hcp CS-\n-e-m-cnbpsS al- X z- h - X v I - c n- - s
cq]- a m- b n- c p- p. Cjv S - a p
Hcp `m- h n- s \mw Pohnp Hcp kv{Xob ]Xn-{hX. A-s\-bmWv km[m-cW
Icp-X-s-Sp--sX-nepw CjvSap Pohn- X s sImp
Ipgn-p-aqSn A[n-Imcw AS-bmf-s-Sp-m-\p Hcp ]c-kyi- c o- c - a mbn kv { Xo amdp- XmWv ]Xn- { hXm k]n. Ipn ]Xn-{hXm
cXv\--fn Hcm-fm-Wv. Ipnbvv
{]Wb_-n ]nd Is\ ]pdw-Xt-n-h-cp-p. Fm j-\mb `mhn-\m Iqn-sm-Sp--sv AXn ]nd
[-]p-{X-m-cp-ambn Pohn-pXmWv ]Xn{hXm Pohn-Xw. `mhv F CS-\n-e-mcs A\p-a-Xn-tbmsS \S-p thiym-hrnbvv hnt[-b-s-Sp-Xv sImmWv Ipn
]Xn-{h-Xm-c-Xv\-am-Ip--Xv.
AwKo-Im-c-ap icochn]\ kzoIm-cyambnXocp Ah Itmf A[n-\n-thi
Imepw kw`- h n- p- p. \nnX Imetbvv Hcp {]tXyI I-\nv tImSn-IfpsS {]Xn- ^ - e - n\v icocw hnp
hniz-kp-cn kzoIm-cy-bm-hp-Xv ]Wm-[o-ihy-h--bpsS AwKo-Im-c-ap--Xp-sIm-m-Wv.
hniz-kp-cn Kpcm-hm-bq-cn Xpem-`mcw \Sp-Xv hm-bm-Ip-Xpw sXcphv
thiybvv A{X-tmfw _lp-am\w e`n-mXn-cn-p-Xpw Ah-c-hv e`n-p {]Xn-
^-e-n-ep henb A-c-am-Wv. ssewKnI

sXmgn-em-fnbvv Hcp B-IY Dm-bn-cn-pIbpw sXcphv t hiybv v A- s \- s bmv
Cm-Xn-cn-p-Ibpw sNp--Xn\p ]nnepw
Cu km- nI A- c - a p- v . kv { Xob- h bvv ]nn-ep km-nI \nesb adm\pw kv{Xo FXv Hcp kmwkvIm-cnI
hnj-b-sa \ne-bn ]cn-hn-n-s-Sp-m\p-ap Hcp ]c-ky-amWv "hnizkp-cnbpw
ssewKn-I-sXm-gnem-fn-bpw.'
""]ckyw kwkv I m- c - n\pw km- nIn\p-an-S-bn Hcp auen-Iamb CS-\n-e-m-c-\mbn'' amdp- X n- s \- p- d nv {Û- d nIv
Pbnw-k \nco-n-p-p-v.
apX-em-fnw
Dbnsmv hcp kv{Xo {]XoXn-I,
Itm-f-n\v
kv{XoIsf Iqn-sm-Sp-p
]c- k yhpw CS- \ n- e - m- c p- a mWv. Hcp-]t Hcn-
t]mepw hnd- I - S p- n Hcp
Nmb- t ]mepw Cn- n- m
hniz- k p- - c ntbm kn\n- a m- \ Sntbm Bp- I m s]mmebvv ]c-ky-ambn amdptm Icn-b-Sp-n Hcp Pw
apgp-h DuXn DuXn Ipw
a\pw Ie- nb kv { XoIsf hntam- N \
clnX hyn- X z- - f mn Itm- f - n\v
ssI]n- S nv \Ip- I - b mWv . Xqpw Aenbpw tXpw Icn-b-Sp-n thhnpw \sv
XIv ASn-a-bm--s Hcp `mcy Fs\
hntam- N n- - s Spw F- X n\v Itmfw
\Ip Dcw CkvXn-cnbpw anIvknbpw
hmjnwKv sajo\pw hmnq F-Xm-Wv.
As\ ]W- a p `mhv \ `mhmbn amdp-p. "shdpsX Hcp `mcy' Xt-StmsS ZpxJ-fpw Zpcn-X-fpw \tmSv ]dbp--Xv. HSp-hn C DXv]-- hmq,
\n c- s Spw Fv ]dv sImv
Itm-f-ns, CS-\n-e-m-cn-bm-hm-\mWv.
Xs \mev hb-mb aI hniz-kp--cn-bpsS
^mkn {Un Hcp-n---tm
ktmjw sImv Ip \nd- p- t ]mbn
Fv h\n-X-I-fpsS hgn-Im-n-bmb Hcp amknI-bn h "Chyq'hn Hcp {]ikvX
kn\n-am-\Sn ]d-bp-p-v. \mev hb-nte
hn]- \ - b v p Hcp ico- c - a mbn aIsf
]mTw HIvtSm-_ 2013
35
A[n-\n-thi ]-Xn-Iv e kuIcyw Hcp-n-sm-Sp-p s^knen-t--dmbn `c-W-IqSw amdp Hcp hyh--bn A[ym-]-I\pw s^kn-ent--dmbn \nh-Nn-sSp-p. ]pXnb ]mTy-]--Xn-bn A[ym-]-I-\n Iqnsm-Sp-p-Im-c AYhm s^kn-en-t- am{Xta Dq. A[ym-]-I\v Hcp
\ne-]mSpw ]mSn-m, CS-\n-e-m-c-\mbn Ip-\nmt\ ]mSp-q. A[ym]I kwL-S-\-I am-n\pw apt] k-cn-p--h-cm-bXv sImv Ah
]t s^kn-en-t--dp-I-fpsS kaq-l-ambn amdn. A[n-\n-thi ]-Xn-Iv
e kuI-cy-sam-cp-n-sm-Spv thp ]Z-hn-Ifpw Am-Z-anIv kuIcy-fpw t\Sp Hcp kaq-l-ambn A[ym-]-I-kw-L-S\m t\XrXzw amdn.
ImWp Cu A e-W-sam CS-\n-em-cn-bmWv. aWn-{]-hmf Ime-s, aIv
D]- t Ziw \Ip A- t h- i ysb Ch
Hmn-n-pw. \mep-h-b-mb s]Ip-n-I
apX F]Xv hb-mb hr-I hsc
ssewKnI ]oU-\-n\v Cc-bm-Ip-Xv Cc-sam-c-h--bn-em-Wv. Ccw hniz-kp-co
hyn-Xz--fpsS A]-c--ev cq]-s-Sp
IpSpw-_{io kv{Xo asm-cp-Xcw CS-\n-e-mcn-bmbn amdp-p. ssat{Im-^n-\mknwKv ]Xnbpw Bwsh t]mep Am-cmjv{S DXv]-fpw {KmaoW sNdp-kw-L--fn hsc
Fn-p CS-\n-e-m-cn-bmWv IpSpw-_{io
kv{Xo. \thm-m\w cq]-s-Sp-nb sXmgnemfn kv{Xobn \npw IpSpw-_{io kv{Xobntebvpw hniz-kp--cn-bn-tebvpw D Zqcsa-Xv kv{XoIXr-Xz-ns ac-Whpw CS\n-e-m-cn-bpsS DZ-b-hp-am-bn-cp-p.
Iqn-sm-Sp-p-Imcpw A[ym-]-Icpw
Kmeh F {_mWinjy\v Kpcp-ZnW--b mbn sImSp- t - Xv sNhn- b n
shfp ]pn-bp Bbncw IpXn-c-I-fm-Wv.
AXv tXSn bbm-Xn-bpsS ASp-sn B
cmPyv apgp-h IpXn-c-I-fp-an-m-Xn-cp-p.
Fm {_m-Ws\ [n-cn-m ss[cyan-m bbmXn IpXn-c-Iv ]Icw kzw
aIsf sImSp-p. aIsf av cmPm--mv
Iqn-sm-Spv IpXn-c-Isf t\S-Ww. Kmhe
bbm-Xn-bpsS aIsfbpw ]epw Iqn-smSp- npw IpXn- c - I XnI- b m- - X n- \ m
_mn-h-cp--hbvv ]Icw Ah-sf-s
Kpcp-hn\v ImgvN-h-bvp-p. Kpcp ]d-bp-Xv
BZyta Xs Ahsf sImp-hv IqSm-bncptm Fm- W v . {_m- W \v {Xnb
cmPmhv kzw aIsf Iqn- s m- S p- p
{_m-Wm-[o-i-hy-h--bn Kpcp-in-jy-_hpw A-c-ns Bbn amdp-Xv

Cu alm-`m-c-XmJym-\-n ImWmw. B[p\n-Im-\-c apX-em-fn hyh--bn, [\m[o-i-Xz-n\v apn cmPyw Xs Iqn-smSp-s-Sp cmjv{So-b-hy-h--bn A[ym]- I cpw hnZymn- I fpw CS- \ n- e - m- c mbn
amdp-p. A[n-\n-thi ]-Xn-Iv e
kuIcyw Hcp-n-sm-Sp-p s^kn-en-t-dmbn `c-W-IqSw amdp Hcp hyh--bn
A[ym-]-I\pw s^kn-en-t--dmbn \nh-NnsSp-p. ]pXnb ]mTy-]--Xn-bn A[ym]-I-\n Iqn-sm-Sp-p-Im-c AYhm s^knen-t- am{Xta Dq. A[ym-]-I\v Hcp \ne]mSpw ]mSn- m, CS- \ n- e - m- c - \ mbn Ip\nmt\ ]mSp-q. A[ym-]I kwL-S-\I am-n\pw apt] k-cn-p--h-cmbXv sImv Ah ]t s^kn-en-t--dp-IfpsS kaq-l-ambn amdn. A[n-\n-thi ]-XnIv e kuI- c y- s am- c p- n- s m- S pv
thp ]Z-hn-Ifpw Am-Z-anIv kuI-cyfpw t\Sp Hcp kaq-l-ambn A[ym-]-Ikw- L - S \m t\XrXzw amdn. lnv e - d n\pw
tPmv _pjn\pw BW- h - I - c m- d n\pw
FXnsc tLmc- t Lmcw {]kw- K n- p- I bpw
hnZym-`ym-k-nse A[n-\n-th-i-n\v CS-\ne-m-cmbn {]hn-p-Ibpw sNpw. Cybnse DX hnZym-`ym-k-cw-Ks \nb-{np \mv (NAAC) F k kwLS\ Hcp CS-\n-e-m-c-\m-Wv. ]e aqmw temIcm-Py--fp-sSbpw Xe-tmdv XI
CIzmlv F Am- c mjv { S ^nwKv
GPkn- b psS Cy CS- \ n- e - m- c m- b
\mv Im-S-I-bn cPn- sNbvXn-p
km- t c- X c k kwL- S - \ - b m- W v.
tImtf-Pn Ib-dn-bn-d-mt\m aqey-\nbw
\S-mt\m t{KUv sNmt\m `c-W-L-S-\m]-c-ambn Hc-h-Im-i-hp-an-m \mv A[nIr-X ISv hcp-tm A[ym-]-I AhcpsS hnZymn-\n-Isf AWn-bn-sm-cpn
^mj ]tcUpw Xme-sm-enbpw Xncp-hmXn-cbpw \S-n, tImtfPv tamSn-]n-Sn-n-p,
I--W-p-I Fgp-Xn, Sq-dnv tI{-fn sImv t]mbn ISepw Imbepw ImWnp, aZyw hnf-n, tIm-bv Bcy-ssh-Zyim-e-bn sImp-t]mbn Imep Xncp-n, HSphn CS-\n-e-m-cs Pf-X-tbmsS A[ym-]I Ahsc bm{X-bm-n. Hcp-]mSv ]Ww Inpw
Fv HSp-hn kam-[m-\n-p. s]sv ]Ww
Inpw F hymtam-l-amWv A[ym-]-I-tcbpw
amt\-Pvsa n-s\bpw Iqn-sm-SppImcmn
amn-b-Xv. Xan-gv\m-nse Hcp tImtfPv amt\Pvsa v \mv A[n-Ir-X-Iv tImtf-Pnse
hnZymn-\n-Isf Iqn-sm-Sp--Xn {]Xntj-[nv AhnsS CSXv hnZymn kwLS\ kacw sNbvXp. ChnsS \mv htm
hnZymn kwL-S-\-I Ah-cpsS sImSn
Agnp hp, Ah t]mb-tm cv ap{ZmhmIyw hnfn-p. \mv hn`m-h\w sNp
Imkv k^- e - a m- I p- - t XmsS hnZymnI kq-ambn jo-I-cn--s-Sp-p.
\mv \nt-in-p-Xpw Fw.-Pn.-bq-Wn-thgv k n- n- b n \S- n- e mbn XpS- n- b - X p- a mb
kzbw-`-c-Wm-h-Imiw tImtf-Pp-Iv e`n-p-tXmsS ^nwKv GPkn-I-fpsS
ItmfXm]- c y- - \ p- k - c nv kne_kpw A[ym-]-Icpw hnZymn-Ifpw amdpp. kvIqfn \npw XpS-bmbn hsnb ]pXnb ]mTy-]--Xn Imcy- thKn-em-n. hnZymn-I-fp-tSXv F \nebn Fp A[ym-]-I-sc-p-dn-p aqey\nbw AXmXv tImtf-Pnse [\Imcy{]mtbm- P - I v A[ym- ] - I sc sacpm\pw ]pd-m-m\pw D]-I-cn-pw. A[ym]-IsXv F coXn-bn Xm-dm--s-Sp
Ipn- I - f psS t{KUnwKv hnZymn- I - f n
\npw ]Ww ]m\pw Ahsc sacp-m\pw
jo- I - c n- m\pw tImtf- P ns {]tbm- P Iv D]-I-cn-pw. DSs\ Xs \mv hn`mh\w sNbv X hn[- n kmlnXyw A{]Xy--am-Ipw. Hcp CS-\n-e-m-c\v ssIImcyw
sNm thn-h-cp Iyq-Wn-t-ohv aebm- f hpw Iyq- W n- t - ohv Cwojpw ]Tnm aXn-bm-Ipw. imkv{X kmln-Xy-]-cn-jv
F F.- P n.- H .bpw \mv F F.- P n.H.bpw hnhn-[ CS--fn CS-\n-e-m-cmbn
\nv Htc Imcyw Xs {]hn-p-p.

Ncn{Xhpw kmln-Xyhpw tNmv
t]mIp Hcp P\X imco-cn-Ihpw hwio-bhp-amb HckvXn-Xz-n Fn-t-cp-Ibpw
B cmPyw Xo{h-hm-Z-n-sbpw ssew-KnI
hyh-km-b-n-tbpw CS-\n-e-mcpw D]-t`mm- fpw \nd e- a mbn amdp- I bpw
sNpw. ssewKnIhyh-kmb hf kz]v\w
ImWp FbnUUv It{Sm t_mUv ]pdn-d-nb ssewKnI ]mTy-]--Xnbpw Dcm-[p-\nI kzXz-cm-jv{Sob CXn-hr--fpw
kne-_-kn CSw t\Sp-Xv A-s\-bm-Wv.
am{X-a A[ym-]-I ssewKnI hyhkm-bnI-fpsS CS-\n-e-m-cmbn {]Xy--s-SpIbpw
sNp-p. DZm-l-c-W-ambn kn\nam\Sn-I-fpsS
DShym]mchyh- k m- b s {]Ion- psImv A`n- { ]m- b - A[ym- ] - I - c n
\npw hcpp (F-kv.-im-c-Z-p-n, s]p-Sens {]Jym- ] - \ - ) Cs\ A[ym- ] Icpw hnZymn kaq-l-fpw CS-\n-e-mcmbn amdp-p.
kmwkv I mcnI hyh- k m- b n- I fpw {iol- \ pam\pw
km-nI ASn-a-Xz-n\v kmwkvIm-cnI
apJw \In A[n-Im-cn-Iv Hcp P\Xsb
]nSnp \Ip CS-\n-e-m-c-\mWv
kmwkvIm-cnI \mb-I-m. CS-Xp-]-hpw
Xo{h- h m- Z - c m- j v { So- b hpw Xn- e p _n\v bYm-Im-cWw km-n-I-am-Wv.
km- nI ]cm- { i- b Xzw krjv S n- m
thn CSXv]-n\pw Xo{h-hm-Z-pw
e`n-p ]W-amWv Ccw _-p
Imc- W - s a- nepw AXn\v kzXz- c m- j v { So- b ns kmwkv I m- c nI apJw \Im- \ p
ZuXy-amWv kmwkvIm-cnI \mb-I-mpXv . As\ km- nI ASn- a - X z- n\p
kmwkv I m- c nI apJw \In cmjv { So- b m- [ nImcw \ne- \ nm thn A[n- I m- c nImbn P\-sf ]mI-s-Sp-pI F
ey-amWv B ]W-ns ]v ]n Pohnp kmwkvIm-cnI {]h-Ip--Xv.
Fkv.-F-.-kn. emhven Hcp CS-\n-e-m-c\m-Wv. lam-kn-s\-tm-ep Cm-anI Xo{hhmZ kwL-S-\-Ipw KpP-dm a\p-jy-pcp-Xnpw cq]w \Inb kn.-sF.F DXv]-amb samkm-Zn\pw slbvXn-bnse CSXp]
`c-Wm-[n-Im-cn-bmb Acn-s-Uns\ c-cqjn-X-amb ]mf hn-h-n-eqsS ]pd-m-nb-hpw ^v \Inb knU-bpsS AYhm
]mTw HIvtSm-_ 2013
37
It\-Un-b C\m-j-W Uh-e-]vsa v

GPkn-bpsS CS-\n-e-m-c-\mWv Fkv.-F.kn. emhven. knU t]mep [\-Im-cy-ZmXm--fpsS Xn-an-Sp-n-em-Wv kzXz-hmZ hnh-Im-cn-Ifpw CSXv Xo{h-hmZ cmjv{Sob _fpw Dm-Ip--Xv. kmwkvIm-cnI hyh-kmbn-I Cv apX-em-fn--ns ]Ww hmn
P\-Xsb Xo{h-hm-Z-n\pw ssewKnIhyh-kmb-n\pw ]nSnp sImSp-p CS-\n-e-m-cmWv. Ip-l-Zv GXv Xcw Ipc--\mWv Fv
N sNbvXv sImv {iol-\p-am F alm\mWv Atlw Fv ]v Hcp -a{n {]kvXmhn- p- I - b p- m- b n. {iol- \ p- a m cmas
Ion-tI CS-\n-e-m-c-\m-Wv. am{X-a cmaZm-k-\p-am-Wv. A[n-Im-c-n\v ]pdv sXnb-e-bp iq{Z-scbpw kv{XoI-sfbpw Npp-Icn {iocm-a F `c-Wm-[n-Imcn {_m-W\oXn \S-m-m-\mbn P\Xsb apgp-h hwiob-amb hyn-Xz-n-tebvv Iqn-sm-p-t]mbn. am{X hn\oX hnt[-bsc "{iol-\p-am\m'n al-Xz-h-XvI-cn-p-Ibpw sNbvXp. [\Imcy apX-em-fn-hpw kmwkvIm-cnI
{]h-Isc apgp-h {iol-\p-ams hwiob
hynXzntebvv Iqn-smv t]mIm\mWv B{K-ln-p--Xv. AsXmcp CS-\n-e-mcs hynXzw IqSn-bm-Wv.
taLw ag-bmbn s]p-tm
cma-Kncym{ia-n i]n--sv GIm--S-hn Ign-bp--IbmWv b. A-Ise
Af-Im-]pcn F Ag-sIm-gp-Ip {Kma-nemWv Xs Imap-In. A-s\-bn-cn-s-bmWv
hj- I mew AXns BZy- t a- L - s bpw
sImv ISp hcp--Xv. ]XinJ-c-sf
XgpIn DWn, sImp-Ip-n--fn-p
sIm-\m-\-I-sf-tmse CfInadn-bp taLw
Iv b Imam-Xp-c-\m-bn. b Cf-In-adn-bp taL-ambpw taLw `qan-bn Imncn-p b-\mbpw amdp-p. taLw hc
]mS- - f n- e q- s S, ]qWy- X o- - f n- e q- s S,
Xmgvhmc--fn-eqsS ]mp-t]m-Ip-p. Imaw
sImv In-z-en-p Iman-\n-I taLqSv h{P-h-f-I-fm Xn-p-fv ag-sNm-cn-bp
hoSmn amp-p. taLw ]pXp-ag
-
- m-de
- m \J- X - - t f]n- p- p. HSp- h n, Hgn
GtXm tImWn Imaq-Snb Zn\-nse \oem- a - c - t ]mse DW- c p- I tbm Dd- p- I tbm
sNmsX InS-p Imap-In-bpsS P\-e-cnIn-se-pw. an-ep-I Dn-sem-Xpn CSn38 ]mTw HIvtSm-_ 2013
sam-gn-I-fm Xs {]W-b-sam-gn-I ]d-b-Ww.

CXmWv bs B{K-lw. bs B{Kl- taL-ambn Xocp-p. AXmWv ImfnZm-ks "taL-k-tiw.'
CXnse taLw bs CS-\n-e-m-c-\mWv. b Xsbpw a\p-jym-kvXnXzw hnv
taLw F CS-\n-e-m-cs AkvXn-Xz-n
F-s-n-cn-p-p. `qan-bn \npw ssewKnI-X-bn \npw ]pdw-X--s-v, A\y-h-XvIcn--sv CS-\n-e-m-cs AkvXn-Xz-n
Fn-t Hcp P\-X-bpsS ]nS-n-ep-Ifpw
AXn-Po-h-\--fp-amWv taL-k-t-iw. `qan,
kv { Xo, ssewKn- I X Ch- s bmw Bcm- [ nmt\m B{I-an-mt\m D hkvXp--fm-bncp-p, kvarXn-Ime \oXn hyh--bn. ImSv
Hp-In B{I-an-m-\p hkvXp As-n
Bbp-[- Agn-p-hv Bcm-[n-m-\p-Xv. AXp-sIm-mWv Zpjy- \mbm-n-\n-dp- Xpw B{i- a - s av tIp- t m
Bbp[w Agn-p-h-bvp--Xpw. IWzm-{i-ahpw
cma- K n- c ym- { i- a hpw Hs `qansb Bcm[\mhkvXp-hm-p-p. ]cn-nXn kwc-n-W-sav ]d-p-sImv ]e ]-Xn-I-sfbpw
XS-p-h-bvp B[p-\n-Im-\-c ]cn-nXn-hm-Zn-I Xs `qansb B{I-anv IogvsSp- p dnb Ft- p- I mpw hntZ- i nIp-ap
sF.-Sn.-kn-n-Ipw
Iqp\npw. ]cn-nXn {]h-I-\mb
kn.-B.-\o-e-I-WvT kvamvv knn-bpsS CS\n-e-m-c-\mbn amdn-bXv A-s\-bm-Wv. CXv
`qan-bn \npw bYm Pohn-Xs ]pdwX-pw. B{I-an--s-Sp-Ibpw A]-am-\n--sSp-Ibpw sNp hnI-k-\-ns \ne-hn-fnp Cc-I As\ Dm-Ip--Xm-Wv.
a\p-kvar-Xn-bnse kv{Xo Htc-k-abw ]qP\o- b bpw ASn- a - b p- a m- W v . B[p- \ n- I m- \ - c
Itmf \oXn-hy-h--bnepw Cs\ Xs.
kv{Xo Bcm-[n-m-\p hkvXp As-n
B{I-an-m-\p hkvXp. ]Xn-{h-Xbpw hnizkp- - c n- b p- a mbn ]qPn- - s - S p kv{Xo
\Ip hymtam- l - fpw kwLj- - f pamWv A\-L-sbbpw imcn-sbbpw \nn-p- X v . B{i- a - h n- c p- - a mb iIp- - f - b psS
{]Wbw cmPm-hn-t\m-Sm-bXv sImmWv hnip-ambn B{iaw AwKo-I-cn-p--Xv. cmPmhv
Dt]-n iIp-sb B{i-ahpw Dt]-n-pp. A[n-Imc\ntj-[n-bmb kv{Xosb sImmchpw B{i-ahpw Dt]-n-p-p. dntkmv
Cv, "taL-k-tiw' ag-bmbn hmb-\-m-cn-tebvv s]bvXn-d-p-tm

ssk_ kvs]bnknepw kvamvkn-n-I-fnepw hne-IqSnb hgn-I-fnepw \jvSs PohnXw Xncnp hcn-I-bm-Wv. `qan-sbbpw kv{Xosbbpw ssewKn-I-Xsbbpw Xpp-Xp-p-I-fmn hnp CS-\n-e-m-cs j-hy-n-Xzn-s\-Xn-sc-bp t]mcm--am-W-Xv. \jvS-s {]Wb Pohn-X--fpsS hosSp--ep-I-fm-Wv. ]pdw X-s Pohn-X- `qan-bpsS lrZ-b-n-tebvv
ag-bmbn s]bvXn-d-p-p. ]pd-m--s a\p-jy-cpsS \ne-hn-fn-bpsS i_vZamWv Cu ag-b-bvv. an-ep-I Dn-sem-Xpn AXv CSn-sam-gn-I-fm
\tmSv kwkm-cn-p-p. AXv a\p-jy-cpsS CS-bn Dbnb henb Icn `nn-I CSnp adn-p-p. ]pd-m--s--h taL-ambn Xncn
hcpw Fv ]d Fw.-F.-hn-P-b Atm BIm-i-n-se-hn-sStbm
Dm-Ipw.
DS-a-Ifpw kocn-b--kn-\nam \nm-Xm-fpw
a{n-]p-{X-mcpw Pph-edn DS-a-Ifpw ]d-bp-Xv
tIp kv{XoI kaq-l-n Bcm-[n- s - S p- p. adnv Ahsc FXnp
kv{XoI kaq-l-m A]-am-\n--s-SpIbpw sIm-s-Sp-Ibpw sNp-p.
B{I- a n- - s - S p `qan- s b, kv { Xobmbn
cq]Ww sNp Hcp k`w "cLphwi'nep-v. ""kap-{Z-n \npw amdn
ImW-s-Sp kly-]-Xs hkv{Xw amdn
InS-p `qan-bpsS \nXw-_s F-t]mse
cLp B{I-an-p.'' (c-Lp-hwiw 4.52) cmPyw
B{I-anv IogvsSp-p--h alm-\mb N{Ihn- b m- W v . ChnsS hn- - X - \ p- k - c nv
kv{Xosb _emkwKw sNp-h\pw AXpsImv Xs alm-\m-Wv. B{I-an-p-Xv
cmPm-hm-bXv sImmWv AXv ChnsS almbn amdp--Xv. hniz-kp--cn-bpsS hkv{Xw
Agn-p-am-p-Xv Itm-f-am-bXv sImmWv
AXv al- mb A\p- ` - h - a mbn amdp- - X v .
kvamvknn al-m-hp-Xpw AXp-sIm-pX- s . kv { Xosbbpw `qan- s bbpw Cs\
B{I- a n- p- I bpw Bcm- [ n- p- I bpw sNptm cpw BIm-i-tbvv Db-sSp-p. \psS apw s]pw \nb-a-fpw
_-fpw Ah-Im-i-fpw Cm-Xm-hp-p.
kv{Xo]p-cpj _w Bcm-[-\-bnepw B{Ia-nepw \n-Nn-p ta-d k]w
bYm- c - X nsb A{]m- ] y- a m- p- p. CXv
ssewKn-I-Xsb `qan-bn \npw hnSn
taL-amn ]dnhnSp-p. XS-h-d-bn-em--s-
, i]n--s ssewKnIX cXnsb A cXnhy-Xn-bm-\--sf-bmWv \nn-p--Xv. amcmcv

]d- - t ]mse taL- ns ag- m- d - e n
kmUn-k-ap-m-Ip-Xv A-Xp-sIm-m-Wv. B[p\n- t Im- c ssewKn- I X ssk_ cXn- b ntebvv ]d-p-b-cp-tmgpw CXmWv kw`-hnp--Xv. ssewKn-IX \b-\-t`m-K-ambn , kw`mjWcXn- b mbn {]Xn- _ nw- _ m- \ p- ` - h - - f psS
ssk_ kvs]bn-kn taL-ambn ]dp
t]mIp-p. Hcp P\X jo-I-cn--s-Sp-p,
Iqn-sm-SppImcmbn amdp-p.
Cv, "taL-k-tiw' ag-bmbn hmb-\-mcn- t ebv v s]bv X n- d - p- t m ssk_
kv s ]bnknepw kv a mv k n- n- I - f nepw hneIqSnb hgn-I-fnepw \jvS-s PohnXw Xncnp
hcn-I-bm-Wv. `qan-sbbpw kv{Xosbbpw ssewKnI-X-sbbpw Xpp-Xp-p-I-fmn hnp
CS-\n-e-m-cs j-hy-n-Xz-n-s\-Xn-scbp t]mcm--am-W-Xv. \jvS-s {]Wb PohnX--fpsS hos-Sp--ep-I-fm-Wv. ]pdw Xs Pohn-X- `qan-bpsS lrZ-b-n-tebvv
ag-bmbn s]bvXn-d-p-p. ]pd-m--s a\pjy-cpsS \ne-hn-fn-bpsS i_vZ-amWv Cu ag-bbvv. an-ep-I Dn-sem-Xpn AXv CSnsam-gn-I-fm \tmSv kwkm-cn-p-p. AXv
a\p-jy-cpsS CS-bn Dbnb henb Icn `nn-I CSnp adn-p-p. ]pd-m-s--h taL-ambn Xncn hcpw Fv ]d
Fw.-F.-hn-P-b Atm BIm-i-n-sehn-sStbm Dm-Ipw.
]mTw HIvtSm-_ 2013
39
(hnZym-e-b-sf I-hS tI{-fpw Xo{h-hmZ

]cn-io-e\ tI{--fp-amn amp ]pXnb ]mTy-]-Xn
]cn-jvI-c-W-s-p-dnv DX hnZym-`ymk Iukn-ens
IcSv tcJ ap\nn Hcp hni-I-e-\w)
\psS hnZym-`ym-k-sbpw P\-a-\-n-s\bpw

XIpI F ey-tmsS temI-_mv
\S-n-em-nb ]pXnb ]mTy-]-Xn l-bsk-dn-bn \npw Un{Kn-X-e-n-tebvv {]thin-n-cn-p-I-bm-Wv. Ap-ap-X Dmb {]Xntj-[-v Cv henb cq]w {]m]n-p-Ibm-Wv. ]mTy-]--Xn-bpsS {]Xn-tem-a-e-y-
Ghpw {]Xyt_m[y-am-bn-cn-p-p. Cu
hnZym-`ymk]Xn hnZym-`ymkey--fpsS
hn]-coXZni-bn-te-bvp {]bm-Wa
- mWv km[yamp--Xv. bpn-t_m-[hpw ku-cy-t_m[hpw kzmX-{y-t_m-[hpw \nnv hynXz
hnI-k-\hpw kmaq-lnI t_m[hpw krjvSn-pI-bmWv hnZym-`ymkey-sa-n hwio-bhpw
imco-cn-I-hp-amb Hc-kvXn-Xz-n-tebvv Iqnsmv t]mIp-Ib

- m-Wn-hnsS. bpnbpw kucy-t_m-[hpw \jvS-s ASnakaqlw krjvSn-s-Sm t]mIp-p. tIcfw asmcp {`mm-eb-am-Im t]mIp-p.
D-X-hn-Zym-`ymk Iukn ]pd-n-dnb ]mTy-]-Xn ]cn-jvI-c-W-ns IcSv
tcJ Cs\ kwt-]n-mw.
1. Fm-n-t\bpw Dsm-p {]Ir-X-amIWw hnZym-`ym-k-n\v.
2. {]mtZ-inI/BtKmf sXmgn-e-h-k-c-v
DX-Ip--Xm-hWw hnZym-`ym-kw.
3. hnhn[ tPmen-I sNm-\p hnm-\sm-gn-em-fn-Isf am{X-a Hcp kwkvIm-
4.
5.
6.
7.
8.
9.
10.
11.
12.
c-ns aptm-p {]bmWw km[y-amp Nn-I, Zmi-\n-I, Iem-Im-cm, \b-cq-]o-Ic

- Ww \S-p-h
- , `c-Wm[n-Im-cn-I, cmjv{So-b-m, cmPy-X-{ XpS-n-b-hcpw kaq-l-n\v Bhiy-ap-v. AXv krjvSn-sS-Ww.
Cwojv t_m[\- a m- [ y- a - a mbn XpS- c mw.
Fm am\-hnI hnj-b-, kmaq-lyimkv{Xw Fnh amXr-`m-j-bn thWw.
amXr-`m-j-bn-eqsS hnm\w {]mtZ-inI
P\- X - b n- t ev {]N- c n- n- - W w. KthjW{]_-- amXr-`m-j-bn-em-hmw.
t_m[\coXn amd- W w. hnZymn- I
Adnhv \nn--Ww.
Assksa v, skan\m-dp-I, t{]mP-IvSpI, ôUv ]T- \ Fn-h-bn-eq-sSbm-hWw ]T-\w.
hnZymn-Iv
CjvS-n-s\mv
hnj- b - sXcs-Sp-m-\p-X-Ip
s{IUnv/ska-
k{-Zmbw thWw.
kq
BcnIaqey-\nbw
\S-n-em--Ww.
NAAC aptmv hn-p amXr-I-bn
B`y-c KpW-\n-e-hmcw Dd-m--Ww.
A[ym- ] - I - s \bpw m]- \ - s bpw
hnZymn-I hne-bn-cp-n- AXv Fm
A[ym- ] - I pw D sh_v s sk- n
{]kn-o-I-cn--Ww.
tI{ \nb-{W GPkn-I-fn-eq-sS-bp
km- n- I m- [ n- I mc hn`- P \w tI{
km- c n\v A\p- I q- e hpw kwm\
km-cp-I-fpsS Xm]-cy-v {]XnIq-e-hp-am-Wv. {]mtZ-inI Xm]-cy-v
IqSp-X ]cn-K-W\ \I-Ww.
[\-k-lmbw s]mXp-P-\-n-sbpw cmIm--fp-sSbpw ]q-hn-Zymn-I-fptSbpw kw`m-h\ Bbntm hyh-km-b-fp-am-bn-p ]m-fn-
- n \ntm kzcq]n-mw.
khnZymn-I-fpsS ôkn-sem-cwiw
\n\hnZymn- I - f psS ]T- \ - s - e -
hn\pXI-Ww.
13. A[ym- ] - I - \ n- b - a - \ - n\v
Hcp
tImtfPvkokv Io-j\v cq]w \IWw.
14. Syqtm-dn-b k{-Zmbw thWw. Syqtm-dnb-ep-I-fn A[ym-]-Isc klm-bn-m
SonwKv Akn-p-amsc \nb-an-m-hp-Xm- W v . Kth- j W hnZymn- I v
s^tem- j nv \In- s mtm ]mv ssSw A[ym-]-Isc \nb-an-p-sImtm
CXv km[n-pw. A[ym-]-I-sbpw A[yb- \ - n- t bpw aw {]tNm- Z - \ - a m- W v .
A[ym- ] - I v BIj- I - a mb tkh\thX\-hy-h-bpw
hnZymn-Iv ]T-\m-\- c - a p sXmgnkm[yXbpw Xo-bmbpw {]tNmZ\LS-I-am-Wv.
15. Hm kh-I-em-im-eIfpw
kzbw- ` - c W
tImtfPpIfpw Dm-h-Ww.
16. tImtf-Pp-I cq]s-Sp--Ww. -dp-I-fpsS
`cWw AXXv m]- \ , kh-I-em-im-e-I,
{]mtZ-inI `c-W-Iq-S-
Fn-h-bn \np {]Xn\n-[n-I Ds-Sp `c-Wk-an-Xnsb Gn--Ww. `mhn-bn Ah
Pnm kh-I-em-im-e-I F-\n-e-bn
Fpw.
Ch hni-Z-ambn ]cn-tim-[n-m-hp--Xm-Wv.
DX hnZym-`ym-k-ns eyw
hnZym-`ym-k-ns ey-ambn D-X-hn-Zym`ymk Iukn \nt-in-p-Xv Fsms-bm-Wv. Fm-n-s\bpw Dsm-m-\p
am\- k n- I m- h Dm- I - W w. {]mtZ- i nI/
BtKmf sXmgn-eh
- k
- c
-
- v DX-IW
- w. AXmbXv Fmw A\p-k-cn-p sXmgn-em-fn-Isf
\nn-W
- w. lm! F{X al-mb hnZym-`ymk
eyw! F-s\-sb-nepw sXmgnev In-Ww.
GsX-nepw X-amtcm X-amtcm ]d-bptam
av sXmgnev th Fv. cmjv{So-bw, IhnX, ASn-]n-Sn, aZy-]m\w XpS-nb Zpxo-e-
Cm asf BcmWv B{K-ln-m--Xv.
cmjv{So-b-t_m-[hpw ku-cy-t_m-[-hpw hnZym`ym-k-ns ey--fmbn henb hmbn
]d alm-m apSn-p-t]m-I-s. DX
]mTw HIvtSm-_ 2013
41
Npcp--n Hcp imkv{X-t_m-[hpw ku-cy-t_m-[hpw Cm ASn-asm- g n- e m- f n- I sfbmbn- c npw ]pXnb ]mTy- ] - Xn krjv S n- p- Xv
Fw. Nne ASn-a-Iv kaq-l-n Ir{Xn-a-amb am\yX e`n-psav am{Xw. imkv{X-Wn sNp--h BtKmf ASn-a-Wn sNp-tm
B km-nI am\y-mv ]pdw ]Wn sNm {]mtZ-inI sXmgn-em-fnIsf thWw. AXmWv D- X - h n- Z ym- ` ym- k - ns eyw. {]mtZ- i nI/
BtKmf sXmgn-e-h-k-c- krjvSn-p-sav ]d-bp--Xns Aw AXmWv . ]Tnm {_m- W cpw sXmgnev sNm iq{Zcpw F ]gb
NmXphy hyh--bpsS ]p\-c-h-Xm-camWv hp-sIm-n-cn-p--Xv. CXv
hwio-b-amb hyn-Xz-n-tebvpw bm{n-I-amb hyn-Xz-n-tebvpw
Ipn-Isf Iqn-smv t]mIp-p. Hp-In PmXn ico-c-am-IpI Asn ssewKnI ico-c-am-IpI AXp-a-s-n b{-am-IpI Fn-s\
aqp tNmbn-kmWv Ipn-Iv hv \op--Xv.
hnZym-`ymk Iukn-ens Ghpw ck-I-camb {]tbmKw asm-m-Wv. sXmgn-em-fn-Isf
am{X-a Nn-Is
- cbpw Zmi-\n-Is
- cbpw cmjv{Sob-m-scbpw IqSn \nn-s-Sp-p-a-s{X. AXmbXv sXmgnev sNm Ipsd Bfp-Isf krjvSnpw. Nnn-m\pw cmjv{Sob{]h-\
- n\pw
sXmgnev sNm ap Nne Bfp-Isf \nnpw. sXmgn-en \npw Nn \jvS-s-Sp-Ibpw
Nn-bn \npw sXmgnepw {]mtbm-Kn-I-Xbpw
\jvSs
- -Sp-Ibpw sNpw. imkv{X-Nn-b
- n-m
sXmgn- e m- f n- I - s fbpw PohnX- _ - - a n- m
imkv { X- - m, cmjv { Sob- m Fn- h scbpw hms-Sppw Fm-Wv ]d-bp--Xv.
lbsk--dn-bn Hcn- \nt-in kne_-n AXv hfsc {]I-S-am-Wv. imkv{Xw,
kmaq-ly-im-kv{Xw, hmWn-Py-im-kv{Xw, kwkvImcw, sXmgn sshZKv[yw Fo Av hnjb
kap--b--fn GsX-nepw Hv sXc-sSpv AXn-\p-nse aqv hnj-b- Ipn
]Tnpp. Hw GsX-nepw asmcp hnj-bhpw. DZm-l-c-W-ambn imkv{X hn`m-K-n
KWn-Xw, ^nkn-Ivkv, sIankv{Sn sXc-s-Spp Ipnv Iyq- Bn-t-j\pw IqSn
sXc-s-Sp-mw. Cu Ipn `mjtbm kmlnXytam ]Tn-t--Xn-. Cwotjm lnntbm
ae-bm-ftam th. C\n, sXmgn sshZ-Kv[ynsSp ao]n-Sp-w, ]mN-Iw, tak
Fo sXmgn-ep-I sXc-s-Sp-p Ipn
"kwkvIm-c'ns kwKoXw sXc-s-Sppp Fv Icp-Xp-I. A]w ]msms
]mSn ao]n-Sn-m t]mIp Ipnv kvIqfn
\npw Hpw ]Tn- t - - X n Fw.

imkv{Xtam kmln-Xytam thW-sa-n-. ao
]nSnpw ]md-Np-apw IjvSsv ]Tn-p
Ipnv C\n IjvS-s-m am{Xw aXn ]Tn-t-Xn Fw. (sXm-gn {]tZ-inI Kpcp-m-cn \np-amWv ]Tn-t-Xv Fp ]dn- c n- p- - X n- \ m sXmgn sshZKv [ yw
tImgv k mbn sXc- s - S p- p kv I qfnse
A[ym-]-Isc Fv sNWw FXv asmcp
{]iv\-am-Wv) sXmgn-en\v am\yX Inm-\mWv
sXmgn ]mTy-hn-j-b-am-p-Xv FmWv \Sn- e m- p- - h - c psS hmZw. Hcp sXmgn- e n\v
am\yX e`n-t-Xv B sXmgn ASn-m\
P\-Xbvpw s]mXpth kaq-l-n\pw sXmgn
sNp hynpw ]ptcm-K-a\]chpw \nmW-]-c-hp-amb AkvXnXzw \Ip-ptm FXns\ Bkv]-Z-am-n-bm-Wv. imkv{Xobt_m[n \npw ku-cy-t_m-[-n \npw
sXmgn-ens\ amn \np-tm C-c-n
am\yX \jvS-s-Sp-I-bmWv sNp--Xv. {_mW- a - X - ns Imev sXmgn- e n\v C- c n Aam- \ yX Dm- b n- c p- p. Fm
{_m-W sNp bmKw t]mep
bm{nIsmgn al-Xz-h-XvI-cn--s-Sp-Ibpw
ao]n-Sp-w, Irjn XpS-nb, A[x-n-X
sNp bm{nI ]Wn A]-Ij-s-Sp-Ibpw
sNbvXXv PmXn hyh-sb ap \nn-bmbn-cp-p. ChnsS hnZym-e-b-n ao]n-Sphpw (^n-j-do-kv) Irjnbpw (Snjyq I)
]mTy- h n- j - b - a m- I p- t m AXn\v hInS
{]mtbm-P-I ]Ww apS-p-Xv sImv am\yX
ChnsS ]d-bp-Xv imkv{Xhpw hmWn-Py-im-kv{Xhpw ]Tn-m Cwojv

BIm-sapw am\-hnI hnj-b- amXr-`m-j-bn-em-I-W-sapw AXv {]mtZinI P\-Xbvv ]dv sImSp--W-sapamWv. ChnsS sXfnp hcpXv imkv{Xw ]Tn--h {]mtZ-inI P\-X-bn \npw amXr-`m-j-bn \npw
Db-sv BtKm-fo-I-cn--s-SWw Fpw {]mtZ-inI P\X av `mj-Ifn \npw kwkvIm-c-n \npw kqN-\-bn \npw H-s-SWw Fpam-Wv. A\y-`m-j-Ifpw kwkm-I-c-hp-am-bp sImSp- hm-ep-I-fmWv
Hcp `mjsb AYhm AXv kwkm-cn-p P\-Xsb hfp--Xv. Fm
ChnsS {]mtZ-inI P\-X-sbbpw tZi-`m-j-sbbpw av `mj-I-fn \npw
imkv{X-Nn--I-fn \npw AS-n-Sp-p. CXv `mjsb \n-e-am-p-Ibpw
{]mtZ-inI `mjm t`Z--fn-tebvv aS-n-smv t]mIp-Ibpw sNp-p.
""Ipn-I-fpsS Krl-`m-jbvpw {]mtZ-inI `mjbvpw \psS mp-ap-dn-Ifn \npw AwKo-Imcw thWw'' Fpw am\I `mj-bpsS {]m[m\yw apJytZm-j-am-sWpw Fkv.-kn.-B.-Sn. Cd-nb kvIq ]mTy-]-Xn ]cn-jvImc
kan-Xn-bpsS IcSv tcJ-bn \nt-in-p-Xv AXp-sIm-mWv
e`npw ( Cu am\yX ssewKnI sXmgn-en\pw
e`n- pw) PmXn hyh- - b n bmK- n\v
am\yX Dm- b Xv t]mse- b m- b n- c n- p- s ap
am{Xw. ]t Atmgpw hInS I-\n-Iv
]pdv ao ]nSn-p--hpw Irjn sNp-hpw A`n-m-\-im-Ip-f Imes
ao]n-Sp--m-cs Ah Xs-bm-bn-cnpw. Npcp--n Hcp imkv{X-t_m-[hpw
ku-cy-t_m-[hpw Cm ASn-a-sm-gn-emfn- I sfbmbn- c npw ]pXnb ]mTy- ] - Xn
krjvSn-p-Xv Fw. Nne ASn-a-Iv
kaq-l-n Ir{Xn-a-amb am\yX e`n-p-sav
am{Xw. imkv{X-Wn sNp--h BtKmf
ASn-a-Wn sNp-tm B km-nI am\ymv ]pdw ]Wn sNm {]mtZ-inI sXmgnem-fn-Isf thWw. AXmWv D-X-hn-Zym-`ymk-ns eyw. {]mtZ-inI/BtKmf sXmgne-h-k-c- krjvSn-p-sav ]d-bp--Xns
Aw AXm- W v . ]Tnm {_m- W cpw
sXmgnev sNm iq{Zcpw F ]gb
NmXphy hyh--bpsS ]p\-c-h-Xm-camWv
hp- s Im- n- c n- p- - X v . CXv hwio- b - a mb
hyn-Xz-n-tebvpw bm{n-I-amb hynXz-n-tebvpw Ipn-Isf Iqn-smv t]mIpp. Hp-In PmXn ico-c-am-IpI As-n
ssewKnI ico-c-am-IpI AXp-a-s-n b{am-IpI Fn-s\ aqp tNmbn-kmWv IpnIv hv \op--Xv.
ae-bmf `mj-tbm-Sp kao-]\w

DX hnZym-`ymk Iukn-ens ae-bm-f`m-j-tbm-Sp kao-]\w CXn-\Iw Nbvv
hnt[-b-am-bn-p-v. ]n.-Ko-X ]pXnb ]mTy-]-Xn-bn `mj acn-pp Fpw As\ ^mknp-I krjvSn--s-Spp Fpw Nqn-mp-p. Fm "DX hnZym-`ymk Iuknens amXr--`m-jtbm-Sp kao-]\w mL-\obw
Xs' Fv tUm. tdmkn Xn tcmam--sSp-p. Cu t]mvtam-tU ]mTy-]--Xn-bn
ae-bm--fn\v CSw-In-n-b-Xnepw ]n-X-cmb
CXns `mc-hm-ln-I ae-bm-f-tmSv HuZmcyw
Imn-b-Xnepw Ap-X-s-Sp--h thsdbpw
Dm-Ipw. `mjbpw kwkvIm-chpw \jvS-sSpn-, {]mtZ-inI Ncn-{Xw-k
- w-kvImc ]T\w Chsbms Iqn-tncnpI-bmWv ]mTy-]-Xn-bn Fv ]n.-Ko-X-bvp adp-]-Sn-bn
DX hnZym-`ymk Iukn sask-{Idn ]d-bp-p-v. Cwojv t_m[-\-am-[y-a-ambn
XpS-cm-sapw am\-hnI hnj-b
- fpw kmaq-lnI
imkv{Xhpw amXr-`m-j-bn thW-sapw amXr`m-j-bn-eqsS hnm\w {]tZ-inI P\-X-bntebvv {]N-cn-n--W-sapw Kth-jW {]_- amXr-`m-j-bn-em-h-W-sapw ]d-bptm amXr-`m-jsb Dt]-n-n-n Fv a\n-em-Ipw. Fm AXv sImm thn hfp--XmWv Fv am{Xw. ChnsS ]d-bp-Xv
imkv{Xhpw hmWn-Py-im-kv{Xhpw ]Tn-m
]mTw HIvtSm-_ 2013
43
Cwojv BIm-sapw am\-hnI hnj-b-

amXr-`m-j-bn-em-I-W-sapw AXv {]mtZ-inI P\Xbvv ]dRv sImSp-W
- s
- apamWv. ChnsS
sXfnp hcp-Xv imkv{Xw ]Tn-h
- {]mtZinI P\-Xb
- n \npw amXr-`m-jb
- n \npw
Db-sv BtKm-fo-I-cn--s-SWw Fpw
{]mtZ-inI P\X av `mj-If
- n \npw kwkvImc-n \npw kqN-\b
- n \npw H-s-SWw
Fp-am-W.v A\y-`m-jI
- fpw kwkm-Ic
- h
- p-am-bp
sImSp- hm-ep-If
- mWv Hcp `mjsb AYhm
AXv kwkm-cn-p P\-Xsb hfp--Xv.
Fm ChnsS {]mtZ-inI P\-Xs
- bbpw tZi-`mj-sbbpw av `mj-If
- n \npw imkv{X-Nn-I
- fn \npw AS-n-Sp-p. CXv `mjsb \n-ea
- mp-Ibpw {]mtZ-inI `mjm t`Z-f
- n-tebvv aSn-smv t]mIp-Ibpw sNp-p. ""Ipn-If
- psS
Krl-`m-jbvpw {]mtZ-inI `mjbvpw \psS
mp-ap-dn-I-fn \npw AwKo-Imcw thWw''
Fpw am\I `mj-bpsS {]m[m\yw apJy-tZm-jam-sWpw Fkv.k
- n.-B.-Sn. Cd-nb kvIq ]mTy]-Xn ]cn-jI
v mc kan-Xn-bpsS IcSv tcJ-bn
\nt-in-p-Xv AXp-sIm-mWv (]p.51) Cs\
]gb kwkvIr-X- ]
- m-ac
- `
- mj hn`-P\w t]mse
htcWy (Cw-o-j)v /Iogmf (a-eb
- mf `mjm-t`-Z) `mjm hn`-P\w krjvSn-s
- -Sp-p. As\
tZi-]T
- \
-
- n \npw Iogmf]T-\
- n \npw
imkv{Xo-bX
- bpw bpn-]c
- X
- bpw Ncn-{X-]c
- X
- bpw
\jvSa
- m-Ip-p. A-s\-bp-m-Ip Nne KthjW hnj-b
- Dv. ""Bp-Im s]mm-ebnse kv{Xoaptw'', Xoc-tZi ay-sXm-gn-em-fnI-fpsS A]-c`- m-j Hcp kmaq-lnI imkv{X-]c
- amb At\z-jW
- w, tIc-f
- nse Imfn-t-{X-fpw
ZfnXv kv{Xo hntam-N\
- hpw Ccw hnj-b
- f
- nse
Bth-ZI
- {]mtZ-inI `mj kwkm-cn-p-h
- c
- mbn-cn-pw. AXn-\m Ccw tkmtjym-fPn KthjWhnj-b- ae-bm-f-n Xm-dmmw
FmWv DX hnZym-`ymk Iukn-en-d
- nb
\nt-i
- ns D-S
- w. ]t Chn-sS-sbpw
ae-bmf Pohn-X
- n-stbm `mj-bp-sStbm Ncn-{Xn-stbm Duw ImWp-n-.
]pXnb kne-_-kn tImatIm-gvknse
ae-bmfw Un{Kn t{]m{Km-ambn sImSp-ncn-pXv (]-gb sk v emwtKz-Pn\v ]I-cw)
Im Nncn- m Ign- b m- - h lrZ- b mLmXw hv acn-pw. IY, Ihn-X, kvac-W-I,
ô, Snhn--td-Untbm ]cn-]m-Sn-I Xm-dmp--Xn-\p kmam\y \nb-a- ]Tn-p-I.
C-sa-bn, ]ht]m-bn v, tmKv Ch \nnp- I . IYbpw bm{Xm- h n- h - c - W hpw ô- d p44 ]mTw HIvtSm-_ 2013
sams Fgp-Xp--Xn-\p ]cn-io-e\w Hmw

mkp-ap-X ]{mw mkp-hsc Ipn-I
]Tn--Xm-Wv. ]{v sImw ]Tn-n-pw ]Tnm--XmWv Hcp-hjw sImtm Bdv amkw
sImtm Un{Kn A[ym]-Iv ]Tn-n-t-Xv. AtXmSv IqSn IY-sb-gp-Xm\pw Ihn-X-sb-gpXm\pw Ipn-I ]Tn-p-am-bn-cn-pw. ]noSv
DXv Iyq- ]T-\-am-Wv. cm-gvN-sImv
Bpw ]Tn-m-hp Imcy--fmWv CXn
Ds-Spn-bn-cn-p-X
- v. am{X-a Iyq- ]T\hpw ]{mw mkp-hsc Ipn-I ]-Tn-pp-v. IS-em-knepw Iyq--dn-ep-ap Fgpv
]cn- i o- e - \ - a mWv ChnsS ImWp- - X v . CXv
`mjm]T-\-n\v Ghpw {]mY-an-I-amb Imcyam-Wv. ]{mw mkv hsc Ipn ]Tn Ch
Xs DX hnZym-`ym-k-nepw Bhn-ncn-p-p. ]t Chn-sS-sbpw ]pXnb A\p`-h-fpw Nn-Ifpw Bhn-jvI-cn-m DX-Ipwhn[w `mj ]Tn-p-n-. Ihn-X-bnse Amdv
hcn-Ifpw A\p-`-h-p-dn-p-Ifpw am{X-amWv DXv . AXp- X - s bpw av Nne ey-
ap\nn D-Xm-Wv. DZm-l-c-W-ambn ka-ImenI {]iv\- F tImgvkn IhnX ]Tnm-\p-v. ]t Fs\ ]Tn--W-sav ]dn-p-v. ]cn-n-Xn, enwK {]iv\--fmWv
CXn \npw ]Tn-t--Xv. (which could generate informed discussion on ecology, gender, human rights and globalisation) AXm-bXv ka-ImenI {]iv\- Fm-sWpw Ihn-X-bn
\npw FmWv hmbn- t - Xv Fpw
apIqn Xm- d mn hn- pv Fw.
ChnsS km--I-amb Nnbpw ku-cym-\p`h \nn-Xnbpw Cm-Xm-Ip-p. C-s\-bmWv
Ihn-Xbpw `mjbpw acn-p--Xv. CXv Cwojv
kwkm-cn-p htcWy BtKmf hyn-Xzsbpw ae-bmf`mjm-Xo-{h-hm-Z-hp-ambn \Sp {]mtZ- i n- I - P - \ - X - s bbpw \nnpw.
BtKm-fo-I-c-W-ns Cc-I-fmb _n.-]n.-F.Imv cv cq]bvv Acn F t]mse aebmfw ]Tn--hv DSt\ Zpcn-Xm-izm-k-
Fpw. ae- b mf k- I - e m- i me Db- c pw.
t^mIv t em- d n- p- I DssS ae- b mfw
mknv `mjbmm apd-hnfn Iqpw. ae-bmfw
tImSn-I-fpsS hn\n-a-b--e-am-Ipw.*
* `mjbpw imkv{X-t_m-[hpw bpnbpw \jvSs-Sp-p ]pXnb ]mTy-]--Xn-tbmSv \-coXn-bn Dbp-h ka-cs \yq\n-In-cn-Ip, F ey-am-bn-cpp s]sv s]mn-p-ds ae-bm-f-t{i-jvT-`mjmhmZ-ns eyw.
A[ym-]-Icpw hnZymn-Ifpw
]pXnb ]mTy-]--Xn-b-\p-k-cnpw Iuknens \nt-i-a-\p-k-cnpw Adnhv \nn-pXv hnZymn- I - f mWv . Cu ]- X nsb
FXnp A[ym-]-I-scmw Adn-hn-t
A[ym-]-I-\p A[o-iXzw \jvS-s-Sp--Xn
ZpxJn-p--h-cmWv FmWv hnizm-kw. A[ym]-I ]pXnb ]-Xn-bn s^kn-en-t- am{Xam-Wv. Ipn-Iv Adn-hp-m-m-\p kmlNcyw Hcp- n- s m- S p- p- - h . Adn- h p- I
t{ImUo-I-cn-p--h. ]pXnb Bi-b-
\nn-p-Xv Bi-b-kw-hm-Z-\--fn-eq-sSbpw
Bi-b-kw-Lj--fn-eq-sS-bp-amWv F ImXem-b-h-i-amWv ChnsS Ah-K-Wn-p--Xv. Bib--fpsS ]m-fnw Fm-n-s\bpw AtXt]mse kzoI- c n- p- p. ]t Hpw
\nn-p-n-. P\m-[n-]X
- yhpw ]m-fn
P\m-[n-]-Xyhpw Xn-ep hyXymkamWXv. \ne-hn-en-cn-p Bi-b-hp-ambn (A[ym-]-I) {]Xn-]-m-i-b- (Ip-n)
kwLj- s v ]pXn- b Xv \nn- p- XmWv P\m-[n-]-Xyw. \ne-hn-ep Bi-b t{ImUo-I-cn--s-Sp--XmWv ]mfn P\m-[n-]-Xyw. ttm F A[ym]- I \v Hcp A`n- { ]mbw Dm- b n- c p- Xv
sImmWv Acn-tm-n F injy
Dm-b-Xv. ttm s^kn-en-t- am{X-ambn-cp-s-n Acn-tm-n F injy
Adnhv \nn-n-m-bn-cp-p. ]pXnb ]Xn-bn in-jy Adnhv \nn-p-n-.
adnv Adnhv tiJ-cn-p-p. Adnhv F
hmv \nm-W-]-c-amb AkvXn-Xz-n
D]-tbm-Kn-p-tm AXv hnm-\hpw
AmsX D]-tbm-Kn-p-tm hnh-chpamWv.
]pXnb ]mTy-]--Xn-bn Ipn Adnhv \nnpp Fv ]d-m AXn-\w \ne-hnep hnh- c - tiJ- c n- pp Fm- W v .
A[ym-]-I\pw ChnsS \nmW hynXzw
C. injy tNmZy- tNmZn-m-Xn-cn-ptm Kpcp acn-pp F Hcp k]w
_p IY-bn-ep-v. ChnsS injy-\p-ambn kwhmZ-n\v \nm A[ym-]-I acn A[ym]-I-\m-Wv. AXp-sImv Xs A[ym-]-I\pw
hnZymnbpw Xn-ep Btcm-Ky-I-c-amb
_w Cm- X m- I p- p. Hcp b{w sImv
A[ym-]-Is\ BtZiw sNm-sav hcp-p.
A[ym-]-Is\ CXv Hcp b{-ns hyn-Xzn- t ebv t m hwio- b - a mb hyn- X z- ntebvtm Iqn-smv t]mIpw. AYhm Iyq-
-dns klm-b-tmsS hwio-b-amb Adn-hpI tiJ-cn-p-Ibpw BtKm-fm-Sn-m-\-n

t{]mP-IvSp-I sNbvXp sImSp-p-Ibpw skan\m-dp-I Ah-X-cn-n-p-Ibpw sNp Hcp
C\m-j-W ^nK-dmn A[ym-]-Isc amnopw. Fm `qcn-`mKw t]cpw {KmaoW
sXmgn-ep-dv ]-Xn-bn-teXv t]mse Icm ]Wn
sNp {]mtZ-inI Kpcp--m-cmbnocpw.
sXmgn ]T\w kzoI-cn-p lb skdn
hnZymn kvIqfn \n {]mtZ-inI Kpcp-m-cn \nmWv ]Tn-t-Xv Fv ]-bpp-v. {]mtZ-inI sXmgn ]Tnv Hcp `mjm
{]mho- W yhpw CmsX Cd- p IpnIp sXmgn km[y-Xbpw Xmm-enI
Icm ]Wn-bm-Wv. asmcp {]mtZ-inI Kpcp-hmbn
Xmm-en-Im-Sn-m-\-n B Ipn ]Wn

sNpw. Ccp-]tXm aptXm Ipn-Isf A[ym-]I tat\mw sNp Syqtm-dn-b kns-p-dnv ]d-bp-tm A[ym-]-Isc klmbn-m SonwKv Akn-ns\ \nb-anmw
Fv Iukn-ens tcJ-bn kqNn-np-pv. XpSv Cs\ ImWp-p. ""A[ym-]-\n-sbpw A-[ym-b\
-
- n-sbpw aw {]tNmZ-\a
- m-Wv. A[ym-]I
- v BIj-Ia
- mb tkh\
hyh-bpw hnZymn-Iv ]T-\m-\--cap sXmgn km[y- X bpw Xo- b mbpw
{]tNm-Z\ LS-I--fm-Wv.'' AXm-bXv ]pXnb
]mTy-]
- X
- n-bpsS ahpw {]tNm-Z\ LS-Ihpw
FmWv Fv tNmZn-m ]Ww, Icm]Wn
Fn-h-bmWv Fw. s^kn-en-t--dm-bno A[ym- ] - I s\bpw hnhcw tiJ- c n]mTw HIvtSm-_ 2013
45
""[\- k - l mbw s]mXp- P - \ - n- s bpw cm- I m- - f p- t Sbpw

]qhnZymn-If
- p-tSbpw kw`m-h\ Bbntm hyh-km-b
- f
- p-am-bp ]mfn--n \ntm kzcq-]nmw'' aWn- apX dne-bkv I\n hsc
Bcn \npw ]Ww kzoI-cnmw Fw. tImtf-Pp-I-fn "\mn's
\nt-im-\p-k-cWw cq]-s-Sp ]qhnZymn Iqm-bva-I `mhn-bn
^nwKv GPkn-Isf tImtf-Pn {]th-in-n-m-\p Hcp hgn-bm-Wv.
`c-W-Iq-S-ns [\-k-lm-b-n \nv amdn GsX-nepw hyh-kmb kwcw`-I-cpsS Xm]-cy--f-\p-k-cnv kne-_v tImgvkv \nm-Ww, hnZymn-A-[ym-]I \nb-a-\- CsXm-s-bm-Wv ey-an-Sp--Xv. Ipn-I-fn A]Ij t_m-[-an-m-Xn-cn-m\pw kmaq-ly-\o-Xnbpw cmjv{S-{]-Xn-_--Xbpw
krjvSn-m-\p-amWv ôkv GIo-I-cWw sImp-h--Xv. Xm Bcp-sSbpw
HuZmcyw sIm ]Tn-p--sXpw Xs tkh\ cmjv{S-n-\m-bncn--W-sapw Hs-bp A-W--A-`n-am\ t_m[--fm-bn-cpp AXns
eyw. Fm ChnsS ]d-bp-Xv ]W-ap--hs HuZm-cy-n ]W-anm--h ]Tn--W-sa-m-Wv. ""k hnZymn-I-fpsS ôkn-sem-cwiw
\n\ hnZymn-I-fpsS ]T-\-s-e-hn-\p-X-IWw'' Fv Iukn-ens
tcJ-bn ImWp-p.
m hn[n--s hnZymn-sbbpw {]tNmZn-n-p-Xv ]Whpw Icmdv ]Wnbpw am{X-amWv. An-chpw A\n-n-X-Xzhpw ]W-tmSp Bnbpw \nd Hcp Xe-apd DmIp-sa-w.
t_m[-\-co-Xn.
Ipn-I am{X-amWv Adnhv \nn-p-Xv
F-Xn-\m A[ym-]I
- - h
- n-Zymn kwhm-Zhpw
Bib kwLjhpw Akm-[y-am-Ip-p. skan\m-dv, t{]mP-IvSv, ôUv hv Fn-h-bn-eqsS- b mWv Adnhv \nn- t - - X v . Fm
takq-Nn-n--t]mse BibkwLj--fnm--Xn-\m t{]mP-IvSp-Ifpw skan-\m-dp-Ifpw
Hs \ne-hn-en-cn-p-p. apIqn Xm-dm-s-Sp-X
- p-amb Bi-b
- Bhn-m-\p
thZn- b mbn amdp- p. AXp- s Imv Xs
ssKUns {]kn Gdp-p. ]pXnb Bi-b \nnt amkn-I-Iv t]mepw
]mw-Xcw ssKUp-Isf D-S--n DsSp-tn hcp Ah ]pXnb ]mTy-]-Xn
krjvSn-p. DtZym-K- a-fpsS t{]mPIvSv
sNm hnj-b-hn-Z-Kv[sc tXSn-b-e-p. Fv
]Tn-Ww F-Xns\ kw_-nv ]mT-]p-kvXI-s-m A[ym-]-I-sc-mfpw hniz-knmhp-Xv ssKUp-I-fmWv Fv hp. ChnsS
]Whpw kml-N-cyhpw D-h "D-X-\n-e46 ]mTw HIvtSm-_ 2013
bnepw' ap--h Hp-an-m Ah--bnepw

Fn-tp.
Ipn-Iv CjvS-n\v hnj-b- sXcs-Spmw F-XmWv s{IUnv/ska-
k{-Zm-b-ns ta FmWv tcJ-I ]dbp--Xv. Fn Am-bncw Ipn-I-fpsS Hcp
tImtf-Pn Am-bncw hnj-b- ]Tn-m\p Ah-kcw Dm-Ipw. AXv {]mtbm-Kn-Ia Fv hyw. ]ns DXv Btcm Xmdm- n- b n- p t{]m{Km- a p- I - f m- W v . AXmWv
sXc-s-Sp-t--Xv. kq am-n Ibdp hyn- b psS kzmX- { y- a m- W - X v . GXv
thW-sa-nepw FSpv Ip--bn-en-Smw. GsXSp-mepw \nm-W-]-c-amb hy-n-Xz-an-.
apIqn Xm- d mn hn- c n- p- Xv am{Xw
FSp-m-\p kzmX-{yta Dq. ae-bmfw
]Tn-p Hcp Ipnv Hcp IhnX kz-ambn
]Tn-m-\p kzmX-{y-an FXv I-XmW- t m.
kq B- c nI aqey- \ n- b - a mWv
Iukn \nt-in-p--Xv. AXm-bXv \qdv
iX-am\w ampw A[ym-]-IsIm-Sp-p-
Ct-W amm-bn-cn-p-sa-w. BcnI aqey-\nbw Ipn-I FXnp--Xn\v
ImcWw A[ym-]-I-cpsS kXy-k-Xbnm-bvabmWv FmWv D-X-hn-Zym-`ymk Iukn
sa sk{I-dn ]d-bp--Xv. ASp hjw
apX A[ym-]-I kXy-k--cm-bn-cn-Ww

F Ii\ \nt-itam D-cthm hcp-ambn-cn-pw. tUm. ]n. KoX-bvp adp-]-Sn-bn
ta]- d sa Cs\ Fgp- X p- p:
""tImgv k p- I sshhn- [ y- h - X v I - c n- - s - S p
apdbvv Hmtcm tImgvkpw aqey-\nbw \Sm Ign-hp A[ym-]-I Ipdp hcpw.
sshhn- [ y- h - X v I - c - W - ns Bw IqSpwtXmdpw B-cnI aqey-\nbw Am-Z-an-Iambn A\n- h m- c y- a mIpw Fp Npcp- w.''
tImgv k p- I sshhn- [ y- h - X v I - c n- p- t m
A[ym-]-Iv Adn-hn-m-Xmbn Xocp-a-tm. `cW-L-S-\bpw hnh-\hpw apw Ds-Sptm, AXv Bcpw ]Tn-n-t Ah hcptm A[ym-]-I\v AXn Adn-hn-m-Xm-Ipw.
Atm A[ym-]-I\v t] t\mpI FXv
Akm-[y-am-Ipw. AXp-sImv B-cnI aqey\nbw thWw. Imcyw hy- a m- W - t m.
A[ym-]-Is Adn-hn-m-bva-bmWv B-cnI
aqey-\nbw A\n-hm-cy-am-p--Xv. B-cnI
aqey-\nbw sNp A[ym-]-I\v
{]kvXpX hnj-b-n Hc-dnhpw thXn
Fv D-X-hn-Zym-`ymk kanXn AwKw Xs
k-Xn-pp Fw. Cu kml-N-cy-nemWv PmXn, ]Ww, ku-cyw, hnt[-b-Xzw,
aWn-b-Sn, \pW, hop-tPmen kmayw Chsbms am\-Z--ambn hcp--Xv. B-cnI
aqey-\nbw \S-m A[ym-]-I hnjbw
Adn-tb--Xn F coXn-bn-ep \ne-]mSv
FSp-p-hm-\p ImcWw t{]mP-IvSv, skan-\mdv
Fnh-bn-semw BibA]qX A am\Z--am-p--Xv, AXns coXn-imkv{Xw am{XamWv F-Xm-Wv. coXn-imkv{Xw am{X-am-b-Xn\m GXv hnj-bhpw GXv A[ym-]-I\pw aqey\nbw \S-mw. CXv lbsk--dn-bn
\S- n- e m- b - t m skan- \ m- d n\v ae- b mfw
tkmgvkv _pn \Inb hne-bn-cpkqN-I- Ch--bm-bn-cp-p. 1 Bkp-{XWw, 2 hnh-c-ti-J-c-Ww, 3. ]m-fn-w, 4. Xmdm- , 5. Ah- X - c - W w. CXn Bib
kwLj- nt\m ]pXnb Bib\nnXntm amn-. AXm-bXv Hc-[ym-]-I\v ]Tnn-m\pw aqey-\nbw \S-m\pw hnjbw
Adn-tb--Xn-. Hp-a-dn-bmsX Xs A[ym]-I-cpssS Ghpw G t{KUv e`n-pp. A[ym-]I ]cn-io-e-\-n\v Am-Z-anIv
m^v tImtf-Pp-I hopw XpS--W-sav
Iukn tcJ- b n- e p- v. A[ym- ] - I
Bib\nnXn \S-t--Xn-m--Xn-\m
]cn-io-e\ mp-I-fn Bib kwhm-Z-

th- X n- . Ah- X - c Ww Fs\ sa- s Spmw AYhm Iyq- Fs\ D]-tbmKnmw Fmbn amdp-p. (sF.-Sn. Hmdn-b-tj tImgvk-kv) (C-tm Xs A-s\bm-Wv) AXp-t]mse apIqn Xm-dmn hncn-p hnh-c-W-fpw tImgvkn \npw e`nmw. kv{Xo ]T\w F dn{^-j tImgvkv
Ctm Xs kJn t]mep kv{Xohn-]W\ tI{- - f n- t e- b v p ki\- a mbn
amdp- p- v . "Fbv t dm- _ nIv k v ' t]mep
ImbnI anan-{In-I sNm \n_-n-p
e-ambn Am-Z-anIv m^v tImtf-Pp-I
amdp-p. Pp-im-kv{Xhpw, kky-im-kv{Xhpw
Bim Ihn- X bpw ]Tn- n- p A[ym- ] Iv hniz-kp--cn-bpsS ico-chpw kn\n-am-\Ss a-nepw thW-sa \n_w Ctm
Xs Cu ]cn- i o- e \ tI{- hp
]pep-p-v.
B- c nI aqey- \ nbw A[ym- ] - I v
am{X-a Ipn-Ipw \nt-in-p-p-v. IpnI A[ym-]I
- sc hne-bn-cp-W
- w. AXv A[ym]-Is t]cn-ep sh_vssk-n {]kn-o-Icn- - W w. Bib \nn- X n- b n- e n- S - s ]- S msX
Ip \np s^kn-en-t-s
- d-bmWv Ipnv
aqey- \ nbw \S- t - - X v . AXp- s Imv
Xs Ipn-Isf aqey-\nbw sNp am\Zw kzm`m-hn-I-ambpw A[ym-]-I\v e`n-pp. Ipn-Isf aWn-b-Sn-pI FXv AXpsImv Xs A[ym-]-Is hn[n-bmbn amdpp. (Cu aWn-bSn tImtfPv amt\-Pvsan-t\mSpw
^nwKv GPkn-tbm-Sp-ambn ]noSv ]cn-Wan- pw). C\n C- X n- e p asmcp Imcyw.
hnZymn-aq-ey-\nbw ap]pw Dm-bn-cpp. A[ym-]-Is Ipd-hp-I a\-n-emn
Abmv kzbw Xncp-m-\mWv AXp-]-tbmK-s--Xv. AXn Ihn {][m\yw s]mXp
am\-Z {]Imcw \nb-an-X-cm-Ip A[ym-]Isc kw_-nv hnZymn aqey-\n-bn\v I]n-t--Xn-. ]t ChnsS AXv
Cs\-n {]kn-o-I-cn--Ww. AXm-bXv
F-s\-sb-nepw t{KUv t\Sn Xm henb
hn]\ km[y-X-bmWv, X\nv henb t{]mPIv S p- I fpw Ah- k - c - fpw Xcq. Xms\mcp
"HmkvIm Ipn' bmWv Fv Itm-fs Adnbn-m-\p "dnbm-enn tjm' Bbn A[ym-]-Isc-p-dn-p hnZymn aqey-\nbw amdpw.
(A-[ym-]-Is\ A[n-Imc Xm]cyw A\p-kcnv `mhn-bn ]pd-m-m\pw CXv D]-I-cn]mTw HIvtSm-_ 2013
47
pw) As\ Ghpw henb s]m--mc Ghpw henb A[ym]-I\

- mbn amdpw. \mv
aptmv hbvp B`y KpW-\nehmcw
CXm-Wv. "ku-cy-hX
- vc
- n-s
- ' sIn-S
- fpw
"ku- c y- h - c n- - s ' A[ym- ] - I cpw
hnZymn-Ifpw am{Xw \ne-\npw. _mnbp-h sImgnp t]mIpw.
kzbw-`-c-Wm-h-Imiw
D-X-hn-Zym-`ymk m]-\-v kzbw-`c-Wm-h-Imiw Bh-iy-am-Wv Fv D-X-hnZym`ymk Iukn \nt-in-p-p. Hm
kh-Ie
- m-im-eI
- s
- f-p-dnpw \Xv ]d-bp-p.
kwhn-[m\w thW-sapw Ah ]noSv
Pnm kh-Ie
- m-im-eI
- BIp-sapw ZoLho-Ww sNp-p. AXm-bXv kne-_kv \nbn-m\pw ]co \S-m\pw D kzX-{m[n-Imcw tImtf-Pp-Itm, Hcp Iqw tImtf-PpItm \Ip k]-am-WnXv Fw.
A[ym-]I \nb-a\
-
- n\pw GIo-IrX kz`mhw
\jvSs
- -Spw. AXn-\mWv tImtfPv kokv Ioj. Agn-aXn \nd bqWn-th-gvknn \nb-a\
- -fpsS Ah A[ym-]I \nb-a-\-n\pw
Fn-t-cpw. {]mtZ-in-Ia
- mb kne-_k
- v, AXv
]Tn-n-m {]mtZ-inI `mj kwkm-cn-p
A[ym-]I
- , A[ym-]I
- sc \nb-an-m {]mtZinI `c-W-IqSw. {]mtZ-inI `c-W-Iq-S-am-Is
tZiob cmjv{SobLS-\b
- n \npw hnp-am-dp
kzX-{m-[n-Im-ca
- p Abq-
- f
- mbn amdnsm- n- c n- p- p. kne- _ kv \nm- W w,
]com \S-n-v, A[ym-]I \nb-a\w Fnh
Khsan \npw amdn-tmIpw Fv \nbw. CXv Un.-]n.-C.-]n. bpsSbpw \mnsbpw
Hs k]-am-Wv. Fw.-Pn.-bq-Wn-th-gvkn-n-bn
CXv \S-n-embn XpS-n. tImtfPv {]th-i\
- w,
]com \S-n-v, ê-{]-Jym-]\
- w, A[ym-]I
- \n-b-a\w Ch-bvsmw tImtf-Pn\v A\p-aXn
\Ip Am-Z-anIv kzbw-`-c-Wm-h-Imiw
\nnX am\-Z
- ]men-p tImtf-PpIp \Im-\p Xocp-am\w Am-Z-anIv

Iukn FSpp Ign-p. hnZym-`ymk
cwKv CXp-hsc t\Sn-sb-Sp Am-Za
- n-Ia
- mb
Fm Ah- I m- i - - s fbpw Cm- X mn
Khsa n \npw hnZym- ` ym- k s
ASn-am-p {]{In-b-bmWv kzbw-`-c-Wm-hIm-i
- n D-S-n-bn-cn-p--Xv.
hnZym-e-b- hn]-\bvv ([-\-k-lm-bs-p-dn-v)
BcmWv ]Ww apS-p-Xv F-XmWv GsXnepw Hns \nn-Xn-bn Ghpw {][m-\48 ]mTw HIvtSm-_ 2013
s Imcyw. CX-dn-bm-am-bn-cp-Xv sImmWv

ap-tcn hnZym-`ymk _nn, A-[ym-]-I\v
ifw Khsa v sImSp-Ww F \ntiw
h-Xv. Ipn-If
- psS {]-Xn-`bpw krjvSn-]c
- X
- bpw
Ignhpw Hs cmPy-n\v thn D]-tbm-Kn-W-sav Bh-iy-s-Sm Ign-bp-X
- v Ah-cpsS
hnZy-`ym-k
- ns sNehv `c-WI
- qSw \nh-lnp-tm-gm-Wv. bp.-Pn.-kn.-bp-tSbpw tI{-[-\-klmb
GPkn- b p- t Sbpw
klmbw
t{]mmlnn-t--Xn FXmWv DX
hnZym-`ymk Iukn-ens \nt-iw. Fnv
FhnsS \nv ]Ww kzoI-cnmw Fv ]d-bpp-v. ""[\-k-lmbw s]mXp-P-\-n-sbpw
cm-Im--fp-tSbpw ]qhnZymn-I-fptSbpw kw`m-h\ Bbntm hyh-km-b--fp-ambp ]m-fn--n \ntm kzcq-]nmw''
aWn- apX dne-bkv I\n hsc Bcn
\npw ]Ww kzoI-cnmw Fw. tImtfPp-I-fn "\mn's \nt-im-\p-k-cWw cq]s-Sp ]qhnZymn Iqm-bvaI
- `mhn-bn
^nwKv GPkn-Isf tImtf-Pn {]th-in-nm-\p Hcp hgn-bm-Wv. `c-WI
- q-S
- ns [\k-lm-b
- n \nv amdn GsX-nepw hyh-kmb
kwcw-Ì
- c
- psS Xm]-cy-f
- \
- p-kc
- nv kne-_v
tImgvkv \nm-Ww, hnZymn-A
- [
- ym-]I \nba-\
- CsXm-s-bm-Wv ey-an-Sp-X
- v. IpnI-fn A]-Ij t_m-[a
- n-m-Xn-cn-m\pw kmaqly-\o-Xnbpw cmjv{S-{]-Xn-_
- X
- bpw krjvSn-m\p-amWv ôkv GIo-Ic
- Ww sImp-h
- X
- .v Xm
Bcp- s Sbpw HuZmcyw sIm ]Tn- p- sXpw Xs tkh\ cmjv{S-n-\m-bn-cn-W-sapw Hs-bp A-W--A-`n-am\
t_m[-f
- m-bn-cpp AXns eyw. Fm
ChnsS ]d-bp-Xv ]W-ap-h
- s HuZm-cy-n
]W-an-m--h ]Tn--W-sa-m-Wv. ""k
hnZymn-I-fpsS ôkn-sem-cwiw \n\
hnZymn-If
- psS ]T-\s
- -eh
- n-\p-XI
- Ww'' Fv
Iukn- e ns tcJ- b n ImWp- p. IhSey-am-bp tImgvkp-I sImv tImtfPp-I \nd-bp-tm hnZymn-If
- n \npw
tImg AYhm AanX ôkv CuSmpsapw
Cu hcn-bn kq-N\
- b
- p-v. t{KUnwKv Bb-Xn\m ]Tn-n-d-p-tm GXv t{KUv thWw
F-Xns\ ap\nn {]th-i\ ka-bv
Xs Ipn-bn \npw tImg-hm-m-\p
kuI-cy-ap-v. hnZymn aqey-\n-ba
- p-X
- n\m A[ym-]-I-\n-b-a-\-nepw Cu kuI-cy Dv. Npcp-
- n \psS Khsa v
tImtfPv A[ym-]I
- Fmw adv ]Tn-np-sIm-
\K-c-{]-tZ-iv sF.-Sn.-]-T-\- am[ya ]T-\-, imkv{X ]T-\-,

ssewKnI ]T-\-, tamU-enw-Kv, ^mj Unssk-\nwKv Ch kvt]mk
sN-s-Spw. Am-cmjv{S am[ya m]-\-fpw sF.-Sn.-m-]-\--fpw,
sSIvsskv apX-em-fn-amcpw Cu cwKs hyh-kmb ]m-fn-I-fm-Ipw.
Cs sF.-Sn. sXmgn-em-fn-I-fpsS Ah Iptd A[ym-]-I--hn-ZymnIv hp tNcpw. nc-Xbpw km-Zyhpw IpSpw-_hpw Cm hnetb-dnb hyn-Xz--fmbn amdpw. Am-cmjv{S km-nI \ne-b-\p-kcnv \psS hnZym-e-b-fpw IpSpw-_-fpw BSn-bp-e-bpw. Nne hnZym-eb--fn FgpXn hn-cn-p "kXy-tah PbtX' F-Xnse "kXyw
Iyq-t-gvkn's "kXyw' Bbn amdpw. hwio-bhpw imco-cn-I-hp-amb Ah-bn-se-n-tv hnZym-e-b- I-hS tI{-fpw Xo{h-hmZ ]cnio-e\tI{--fp-ambn amdpw. PohnX kv]i-an-msX imkv{Xhn`mKw
ssIImcywsNp htcWy P\X/asmpw Adn-bmsX sXmgnep sNp
Iogmf {]tZ-inI P\-X, htc-Wy-`mj/ Iogmf `mj, Am-cmjv{S A[ym]-I/{]mtZ-inI Kpcp--m, BtKmf I-\n-I-fn Icm hyh--bn
\nb-an--s-Sp kvammb hnZymn-I/Icm-d-Sn-m-\-n Ipd
Iqenv {]tZ-inI ]Wn sNp hnZymn-I, ss^hv m tImtf-PpI/{]mtZ-inI sXmgn ]T\w \Sp tImtf-Pp-I Ch-sbms
krjvSn--s-Spw. CXn-s\mw ]pdta Bm-`n-am-\hpw kzmX-{y-t_m-[hpw
Ah-Im-i-fpw {]W-bhpw cmjv{So-bhpw `mjbpw \jvS-s P\X, Xo{hhm-Z-n-sbpw ssewKnI hn]Wn-bp-tSbpw {`mn-sbpw temIw. \thmm\ ]q-Im-es, {_mW/iq{Z hn`-P\ Imes Hmn-n-pIbpw AXn-i-bn-n-p-Ibpw sNp {`mm-e-b-ambn tIcfw amdpw.
n-cns Xs kzm{ib A[ym-]I
- c
- mbn amdpw.
hnZym-eb
-
- hn-s-Spw.
`mhn-bn kw`-hn-p-Xv
Hcp IS-temctImtf-Pn {]mtZ-in-Im-h-iy-\p-kc
- nv \nn-s
- -Sp- tImgvkp-I
k]n-p-I. GsX-nepw henb t_mp I\n-bmWv tImtf-Pns {]tbm-P-Is-- c-n ^njdo-kpw, dntkmp-S-a-I-fmWv hyh-kmb]m-fnI-sf-n AhnsS Sqdn-khpw Nne-tm cpw
IqSnbpw kne-_-kn m\w t\Spw. AXn\v
thn tZi- k w- k vIm- c hpw kvt]m
Cwojpw Ah ]Tn-p-p. Ipdv t]v
Imkv Chyq hgn tPmen e`n-pw. Fmbmepw Ahn-sS-bp-h
- v asmv ]Tn-mt\m
asmcp sXmgn sNmt\m kzmX{yw Dmhn-. Bim-cn-bpsS aI Bim-cn-Wn am{Xw
sNtn hcp PmXn-hy-h--bpsS asmcp
coXn-bn-ep Bh-\w. {]tZ-i-n-\-\p-k-
cnpw {]tbm-P-I-\p-k-cnpw cq]-s-Sp

PmXn hyh-. hyh-kmb Bh-iy-p
kt- Wn e`n- p tkmtjym- f - P nbpw
t^mIv]T-\-fpw Nne-tm {]m {]tZ-i-fnse tImtf-Pp-I-fn tImgvkmbn hcpw. \Kc-{]-tZ-iv sF.-Sn.-]T
- \
-
- am[ya ]T-\
- ,
imkv { X ]T- \ - , ssewKnI ]T- \ - ,
tamU- e nw- K v , ^mj Unssk- \ nwKv Ch
kvt]mk sN-s-Spw. Am-cmjv{S am[ya
m]- \ - fpw sF.- S n.- m- ] - \ - - f pw,
sSIvsskv apX-em-fn-amcpw Cu cwKs
hyh-kmb ]m-fn-I-fm-Ipw. Cs sF.-Sn.
sXmgn-em-fn-I-fpsS Ah Iptd A[ym-]-I-hn-Zymn-Iv hp tNcpw. nc-Xbpw
km-Zyhpw IpSpw-_hpw Cm hne-tb-dnb
hyn-Xz--fmbn amdpw. Am-cmjv{S kmnI \ne-b-\p-k-cnv \psS hnZym-e-b-fpw
IpSpw-_-fpw BSn-bp-e-bpw. Nne hnZym-e-b-fn FgpXn hn-cn-p "kXy-tah PbtX'
]mTw HIvtSm-_ 2013
49
F-Xnse "kXyw Iyq-t-gvkn's "kXyw'

Bbn amdpw. hwio-bhpw imco-cn-I-hp-amb Ah-bn-se-n-tv hnZym-e-b- I-hS
tI{-fpw Xo{h-hmZ ]cn-io-e\tI{--fpambn amdpw. PohnX kv]i- a n- msX
imkv{Xhn`mKw ssIImcywsNp htcWy
P\X/asmpw Adn-bmsX sXmgnep sNp
Iogmf {]tZ-inI P\-X, htc-Wy-`mj/ Iogmf
`mj, Am-cmjv{S A[ym-]I
- /{]mtZ-inI Kpcp-m, BtKmf I-\n-I-fn Icm hyh-bn \nb-an--s-Sp kvammb hnZymnI/Icm-dS- n-m-\
- n Ipd Iqenv {]tZinI ]Wn sNp hnZymn-I, ss^hv
m tImtf-Pp-I/{]mtZ-inI sXmgn ]T\w
\Sp tImtf-Pp-I Ch-sbms krjvSn-s-Spw. CXn-s\mw ]pdta Bm-`n-am-\hpw
kzmX-{y-t_m-[hpw Ah-Im-i-fpw {]Wbhpw cmjv{So-bhpw `mjbpw \jvS-s P\X,
Xo{h- h m- Z - n- s bpw ssewKnI hn]Wn- b ptSbpw {`mn-sbpw temIw. \thm-m\ ]qIm-es, {_mW/iq{Z hn`-P\ Imes
Hmn- n- p- I bpw AXn- i - b n- n- p- I bpw
sNp {`mm-e-b-ambn tIcfw amdpw.
Ata- c n \nb- { n- p [\- I mcy
òIcm]-\-amb USAID bpsS hnI-k-\m-kq{XW k]-amWv Cu ]mTy-]--Xnv DXv. P\-Io-bm-kq-{XWw F t]cn \S
C- c - n- e p
hnI- k - \ m- k q- { XWw
Cymhncp {]h-\hpw Nmc-{]-h-\hp-am-bn-cpp Fpw imkv{X kmlnXy ]cnj-mWv AXn\v ]Ww ssI-n-b-sXpw
]mTw amkn- I bv v FXn- c mbn ]cn- j v
sImSp am\-\jvS tIkn ]cn-j-n-s\-Xncmbn h tImSXn hn[n- b n Dv . (Nmc
{]h- \ - s apw tZi- h n- c p {]h- \ sapw tImSXn hn[n-) P\-Io-bm-kq-{X-Wns cmjv{So-b-amWv ]pXnb ]mTy-]--Xnbvp--sXv Fkv.-kn.-B.-Sn.-bpsS kvIq
]mTy ]Xn ]cn-jvI-cW kanXn Cd-nb
tcJ-bn ]d-bp-p. (]p.8) tZi-cm-jv{S-sf
inYn-eo-Ic
- n-m\pw Iog-S
- m\pw `c-WI
- q-S
- sf
An-c-am-m\pw ISp hcp [\-Imcy
B{I-a-W-amWv Ccw ]mTy-]-Xn ]cn-jvIc-Ws \nn-p--Xv. enwK--hw-i--]m-cn-nXnI auenIhmZ--fp-tSbpw F.-Pn.-H. cm{]-h-\--fp-tSbpw {]Xyb imkv{Xw kaql-n-te-n-dn hnSm\pw P\-Xsb hwio-bh-XvIc
- n-m\pw Acm-jv{SobhXvIc
- n-m-\p-amWv
{iaw. CXn-s\-Xnsc ae-bmfw A[ym-]-I am{X50 ]mTw HIvtSm-_ 2013
a DW-tc--Xv. Ah-cpsS `mjm-kz-Xz-hm-Ztam

sXmgn {]iv\tam A CXv. hnZymn-Ifpw
A[ym-]-Icpw ap-P-\-fpw Hcp-anv Bbp[w
ssIn- s e- S p- t - n- b n- c n- p- p. Icn- pew
N-I-fn ]s-Sp-v, bm{X-qen t\Sn, \
`Ww Ignv kwL-S\m {]h-\-n-eqsS
m\-am-\- t\Sn, tamv tamU kne_kv \nn-p--Xn hymP-amb B\w
A\p- ` - h nv , ImWp- n- S - s ms Hnv
sImSpv `mhn-X-e-ap-dsb hn-p--h Zbhv
sNbvXv B-hn-Nm-c-Wbvv apXn-c-Ww. Asn {`mp-]n-Sn `mhn-P-\X \sf Hmtcm-cp-scbpw sXcp-hn ]nSnp \npw.
hnZym-`ymk cwKs amw ""Am-Za
- nI apXem-fn---n-te-bvp am-a adn-v, Am-ZanI P\m-[n-]-Xy-n-te-bvp BZy Nhn-p]-Sn-bmWv'' Fv D-X-hn-Zym-`ymk Iukn
sa sk{I--dn-bmb tXmakv tPmk^v ]dbp-p-v. Cu ]mTy-]--Xn-bn Fhn-sS-bmWv
km P\m-[n]Xyw?
]cm-ain-p tcJ-I, teJ-\-
1. www.kshese.kerala.gov F hnem-k
- n
DXhnZym-`ymkkanXn {]kn-o-I-cn
IcSv tcJ
2. ]n.--KoX "`mjbvpw kmln-Xy-n\pw Hcp
Nc-a-p-dnv' (k-a-Im-enI ae-bm-fw, amv)
3. ]n. KoX. "ae-bm-fhpw DX hnZym-`ymk
Iuknepw' (kaIm- e nI ae- b m- f w,
G{]n 24.)
4. ]n. KoX. "Ihn-Xsb BmWv t]Sn? (am[yaw G{]n 27)
5. ]n. ]hn-{X "^mkn-p-Isf krjvSn-m
BmWv XnSpw' (am- X r- ` qan amv
G{]n 4)
6. tUm. tdmkn Xn, "ae-bmfw `mhn-bpsS
`mj' (k.-a-e-bmfw F{]n 24)
7. tXmakv tPmk^v "\ap-n-jSv a
-
- m-s
- Xmw
^mkn-ka
- ' (am-Xr-`q-an F{]n 19)
8. tXmakv tPmk^v " ae-bm-fhpw Un{Kn-Xe
hnZym-`ym-khpw ]p\x-kw-Lm-S-\hpw' IpI (k.-a-ebmfw, G{]n 10)
9. jq_ sI.-Fkv. "A[n-\n-th-ihpw ]p
]mTy ]-Xnbpw' hmk-h-Z _lp-]m-T \nn-p-Ib
- mWv (]m-n-dkv _pIvkv)
10. tIcf ]mTy-]
- Xn N-qSv IcSv 2007, Fkv.kn.-B.-Sn.
Fkv. kp[ojv
Fs
Imcy-aJ
- new \S-Ww
Fs Zmcp-kp-ccpw kpJn-Ww
A\y-scm-s-b-Xn-Jn--cm-h-Ww...
a\p-jy \mK-cnI \oXn-bpsS Ncn-{X-L-nseptmgpw kaqlw Hcp h\hpw a\pjy ]cn-hn-nv ka-nXn `mh-\-bpsS
PohnXw ]cn-io-en-n-p-tm-gm-Wv, A\ys
AXn-Jn-X
- b
- mWv Fs kpJw F {]mIrX
t{]cW Zp-ea
- m-bn-o-cp-X
- v. kaq-l
- n
apssI t\Sm-\m-{K-ln-p hK CUnhn-Uz-en-k-ns Xm-cy-n \nm-Wv,
hyn-bpsS kh-kzm-X{yw F Bibw
Xs D-n-sb-Sp-p-X
- v. kl-Po-hn-If
- p-ambn {]Xn-{]-hn-p-sImpw ka-\z-b-s-psImpw cq]-s-Sp kmaq-ly-hy-n-Xz-n\p
apXq-a
- p-m-bt- XmsS, kmaq-ly-hn-cp-m-[n-Imc-hm-k\
- b
- p \yq\-hy-n, kmaq-ly-h\
- P
- o-hn,
A]-t_m-[
- ns Ccp Bg-f
- n Aa
sN-s-Sp-p. Cs\ Aa sN-s-Sp
\yq\-hyn (hK CUzn-hn-U) ]e-cq-]-fnepw Pohn-X
- ns D]cn Xe-f
- n-tebvv
\on-b
- dn hcp-p-v. kaq-l
- n kmam-\yambn Bcm-[n-s
- -Sp B ssZhw a\p-jymIm- c - a p Hcp _nw_- a m- W v . Fm B
_nw_s Hcp A[n-Im-c-i-n-bmbn hym]np Du-in kmaq-ly-a\
-
- n kmam\y-ambn Nhn-n-ba
- -spInS-p kmaq-lym[n-Im-ch
- m-k\
- b
- psS \yq\-hy-n-t{]cWbm-Wv.
Fm kmaq-ly-a\
- p-jy-Po-hn-If
- p-sSbpw A]-t_m[- ns Bg- n- W - d p- I - f n HXp- - s p
Ignbp hK CUzn-hn-U BWv B
ssZh-n kzw Aan-Xm-[n-Im-ch
- m-k\
- b
- psS
Bcq-]s
- -v AXn\v Duw ]Ip
sImSp-p-X
- v. Cu \yq\-hyn FXv Hmtcm
B a\-nepw kw`r-Xa
- m-bn-cn-p "at-bm'
(the other) BWv. cmjv{So-b-cw-Ktm Iem-cwKtm DZv`-hn-p "kqXmc' Iev]-\sb

Du-he
- vc
- n-p-X
- pw, B a\-ns A]t_m-[m-I
- m-c
- n Aa-s-n-cn-p atbm BWv. kmaq-ly-hy-n-a\
-
- ns Cm-insb Iogvs-Sp-p-hm Imem-Im-e
- f
- nse
A[n-Imc m]-\
- kaq-l
- ns D]-cn-Xe-n-tebvv Dbn-sm-p-h-cp-Xv Cu
at-bm-fn-s\-bm-Wv. \yq\-hy-n-Xz-s-bm-Wv.
"at-bm-fns\' Xns Is-n. imknp `mjm-em-fn-Xy-km-ay-amWv Ihn hmIyn {]Xn-^-en-p--Xv. "F\npw InWw
]Ww' Fp ]d-bp-tm AXnse Rm Fmh-cn-ep-ap-v. A\y-scms AXn-Jn--cm-h-Wsap ]d-bp-n-Ss Rm\pw Fm-hc
- n-ep-ap-v.
kwLm-I
- hpw hwio-bh
- p-amb ehpw Imehp-am-Wv, Chn-Ss Rm.
A\y-scms AXn-Jn-c
- m-hW
- s
- a-m-{Klnp \yq\-hy-n-Xz-ns hn]-coXw F
\ne-bn-em-Wv. Xs Zmc-kp-Xsc Ah-cpsS hgnp-hn-nv A\y-tcm-sSmw k-cn-h
- Ncn-{Xn m\w ]nSn-p-X
- v. "Ab-ep-Xg
-
- X
- n-\mbXn {]bXv\w sNW' saXpw A\y-cmsI
AXn-Jn--cm-I-W-sa-Xpw a\p-jy-a-\-ns
Xs hn]-coX hyn-LS- \
- I
- f
- m-Wv. A\y-Pohn-\p-XIn kzPo-hnXw [\y-am--W-sa--Xpw,
kzw Imcy-aJ
- new \S-W
- s
- a-X
- pw, kmaq-lyhy-n-Xz-n Xpey-_e
- t- msS a-cn-p
cp {]h-WX
- I
- f
- m-Wv. CXn Hp at-Xns
hn]-co-Xa
- mWv Fv ]d-bp-tm Xs, Hp-at-Xns A\p-_
- a
- m-bn-o-cp k`-f
- pap-v. DZm-l-c-W-n\v Poh-Im-cp-Wy-k-
kwL- { ]- h - \ - n\v {]Xy- - n
"kzm' \ncm-k
- ns {]Xy `mh-am-Wp-sX-n-epw, AXp-]e
- t- m-gpw, "kzm' ns
\nKq-Va
- p-t-a
- mbn amdp-p-v. Poh-Im-cp-Wy-{]]mTw HIvtSm-_ 2013
51
Ccp-]-Xmw-\q-m-ns D-cm-n ^mkn-ks {]Xy--n

BZi-he
- vc
- n-p-Ib
- pw, \thm-m-\b
- p-n-sb B`m-kI
- c
- a
- mbn A[n-t]n-p-Ibpw sNbvXp-sIm-v, apX-em-fnw hK CUzn-hn-Uz-en-k-n\v
{]Xy--amb ]npW \evIp-I-bp-m-bn. sân-\n-k-nse enwK-ssh-cm[n-jvTn-X-bp-n, ]cn-nXn hmZ-nse D-c-Xm-hn-cp--bp-n, hwi--Xti tI{o-b-Xm-hmZw (enthnocentrim) A\-\y-Xm-hmZw (identity politics)
Fn-h-sbmw P\m-[n-]Xy kmaq-ly-a-\-ns Bg-n-W-dp-I-fn Aa
sN-s-v, AwK-`w-Khpw {]m-`w-Khpw kw`-hn hK hyn-Xzs
BZi-h-cn-m-\p {ia--fm-bn-cp-p. A\y-Po-hn-\p-XIn PohnXw
[\y-am-m-\p Ncn-{X-t{]-c-W-s-Xn-sc, {]hn-p kzm-ns
ssPh-hn-{I-a-hm-k\ Fm a\p-jy-cnepw AS-n-n-S-p-v. A\y-Po-hn-Xns CS- shn-n-Snv al-Xz-amn hoc-hn-{I-a-amb Ae-Ivkm "at-bm' hyn-Xz-ns Hcp {]mMv_nw-_-am-Wv. P\m-[n-]-Xy-ns
ASn-h-b-n hv AwK-n{Zw kw`-hn--Xpw, _pn-amyw kw`-hn--Xp-amb
Ae-Ivkm- N{I-hnsb apX-em-fnw hwio-bhpw kmaq-ly-hp-amb
A]-t_m-[-n \np ]p\-cp--cnp sImp hn-p-v. ]mhbpsS AwKtN--Ifpw hnap-V-\n-w-K-Xbpw X-b-Xz-tmsS {]Zin-n-m Ign-bp
Hcp ]mh-{]-[m-\-a-{nbpw cmPy-ns {]Xn-tcm[ a{n m\w _pn-iq\y-Xb
- psS kmn-y-hpw, hyn-Xz-ns Akm-n-y-hp-amWv Fp m]np-hm Ign-bp {]Xn-tcm-[-a-{n-bp-sam-s, kmaq-lym-]-t_m-[-n
{]m-ssh-Ieyw kw`-hnp InS-p Ae-Ivkm- N{I-hn-bpsS
]p\-cp-m-\--fm-Wv.
h-\-n-tes-n-cn-p B ssZh-saXv A\y-Pohn {]W-b-ns {]--n
k-cn-p hK hyn-Xz-ns òI-cc
- q]-am-Wv. A\y-Po-hn-kvt\-ls
- -s An-ad
- np-sIm-pw, Fm A\y-Po-hnkvt\lw A`n\-bn-p-sImpw Hcp kaq-l
- n-\p-ta a\-mkv { X- ] - c - a mb tkzm- [ n- ] Xyw km[y- a m- nopI {]mtbW Ffp- - a m- W v . hK
CUn-hn-Uz AYhm at-bm Xm {]am-Wn-ns hmk-\-Isf kmm-cn-m
]e-tmgpw {ian-p-Xv P\-\m-bI
- X
- z-]Z- h
- n-bn
sNsn \np-sIm-m-W.v Npcp-
- n Abep-Xg
-
- X
- n-\mbn AXn-{]-bX
- v\s
- a-Xv Hcp {]-hpw, Fs Imcy-aJ
- new \S-W
- s
- a-X
- ,v Am-ch
- p-am-bn-o-cp {]iv\_
- nw-_
- f
- psS [mcmfnw \psS kaq-ls AXn-i--ambn
B{I-anp sImn-cn-p-p. _un-I-a--en hK CUzn-hn-U Aa sN-s-tm, hyn-bpsS k-X-{-kzm-X{yw
F t]cn-em-Wv AXns\ Dbnnp sImp52 ]mTw HIvtSm-_ 2013
h-cm apX-em-fnw {ian-X

- v. Ihn hmIy-n
\nt-in-s
- -n-cn-p "kzmw' apX-em-fn
hyh-b
- nse kzIm-cy-Xm-aq-ey-ns A--bmWv F-Xp-sIm-p-Xs
- , A\y-Po-h\
- p-XI- W - s a- p am\- h nI kl- P o- h nhmZs
am\np-tep sNp cmjv{So-bX{n-\mWv
apX-em-fnw Du \Ip--Xv. Ccp-]-Xmw\q-m-ns D-cm-n ^mkn-ks
{]Xy-
- n BZi-he
- vc
- n-p-Ib
- pw, \thmm-\-bp-n-sb B`m-k-I-c-ambn A[n-t-]np-Ibpw sNbvXp-sIm-v, apX-em-fnw hK
CUzn-hn-Uz-en-k
- n\v {]Xy-a
- mb ]npW
\evIp-Ib
- p-m-bn. sân-\n-k
- nse enwK-sshcm-[n-jvTn-Xb
- p-n, ]cn-nXn hmZ-nse Dc-Xm-hn-cp--bp-n, hwi--X-ti tI{o-b-XmhmZw (enthnocentrim) A\-\y-Xm-hmZw (identity
politics) Fn-hs
- bmw P\m-[n-]Xy kmaq-ly-a\-ns Bg-n-Wd
- p-If
- n Aa sN-s-v,
AwK-`w-Khpw {]m-`w-Khpw kw`-hn hK
hyn-Xzs BZi-h-cn-m-\p {ia--
kao-]I
- m-ev kaq-la
- [
- y-n ]\-t]mse hfp Ib-dnb hn.-Fk
- v. ANypXm-\-s B hoc-s-cp--n\p ]e Imc-W- ]d-bm-hp--Xm-Wv. [\Im-cym-[n-\n-th-i-ns Imev BtKm-f-X-e-n Iayq-Wnv {]m-\pw, m]-\-p-ap-m-b km-{Xn-I-amb XI-bvn-S-bnepw
tIc-f
- nse Iayq-Wnv m]-\
- n\pw {]m-\
- n-\pw, ]nSn-p-\n-evm
Ign-s-n-epw, {]m-\-ns m]-\-h-c-W-hpw, [\-Im-cy-Xmcym-`n-ap-Jy-hpw, [\-Im-cym-`n-ap-Jy-hpw, [\-Im-cym-[n-\n-th-i-_-e-tI-{-pthn {]m-\s ASn-a-s-Sp-p "Nmc' {]h-\--fpw, {]m\s hen-sbmcp A]-N-b-ns ]mX-bn-tep Xncn-p-hn-Sp-I-bp-m-bn.
bp.-F-kv.-F.-sF.Un kn.-sF.-F. t^mUp XpS-nb m]-\-, CS-Xp] m]-\-n-\p-n \S-nb A[n-\n-thiw \nKq-Vhpw X{-]-c-hpam-bn-cp-p. {]m-\-n\p kw`-hn Cu A]-N-b-n-s\-Xnscbp AXni--amb hnai\w aptm-p-hp sImp "]mTw' \S-nb t]mcm-s
Hcp \yq\-hy-n-Xzm-[n-jvTnX hoc-km-l-kn-I-X-bmbn ]cn-hn-n-s-Sp-phm [\-Im-cym-[n-\n-thi in-I \S-nb \nKq-V-\o---fpsS Dev]-amWv 2003 \p tijw s]mXp-P-\-a-y-n-e-h-X-cn-n--s-Sp-I-bpw,- kzbw
Ah-Xmcw sImp-Ibpw sNbvX hn.-F-kv.-A-Nyp-Xm-\-.
fm-bn-cp-p. A\y-Po-hn-\p-XIn PohnXw [\y-amm-\p Ncn-{X-t{]-c-W-s-Xn-sc, {]hnp kzm-ns ssPh-hn-{I-a-hm-k\
Fm a\p-jy-cnepw AS-n-n-S
- p-v. A\y-Pohn- X - ns CS- shn- n- S nv al- X zamn hoc-hn-{I-aa
- mb Ae-Ivkm- "atbm' hyn-Xz-ns Hcp {]mMv_nw-_a
- m-Wv.
P\m-[n-]X
- y-ns ASn-hb
-
- n hv AwK-n{Zw
kw`-hn-X
- pw, _pn-amyw kw`-hn-X
- p-amb AeIvkm- N{I-hnsb apX-em-fnw hwiobhpw kmaq-ly-hp-amb A]-t_m-[
- n \np
]p\-cp--cnp sImp hn-p-v. ]mhbpsS
AwK-tN-I
- fpw hnap-V\
- n-w-KX
- bpw X-bX
- ztmsS {]Zin-n-m Ign-bp Hcp ]mh-{][m-\-a-{nbpw cmPy-ns {]Xn-tcm[ a{n
m\w _pn- i q- \ y- X - b psS kmn- y- h pw,
hyn-Xz-ns Akm-n-y-hp-amWv Fp
m]n-p-hm Ign-bp {]Xn-tcm-[a
- {- n-bp-sams, kmaq-lym-]-t_m-[-n {]m-sshIeyw kw`-hnp InS-p Ae-Ivkm- N{Ihn-bpsS ]p\-cp-m-\
- f
- m-Wv.
A\y-Po-hn-X
- n-\p-XI
- p kzPo-hnX krnmbv {ian \nc-h[n hyn-Xz- \psS
apn-ep-v. Fs Imcy-sa-Xv kaq-l
- ns
Imcy-sa-p-Nn-nv, Fs Zmc-kp-Xsc Ah-cpsS
hgnp Pohn-m hnp-sImv kzm-ns
A]-t_m-[k
- m-n-ys kzw Pohn-X
- n
\nv Xn-Xm-g
v nb Hcm F \
- n-eb
- n-emWv
k: C.-Fw.-Fk
- v. \q-Xn-cn-m-Sns\ \ma-dn-bp-Xv. C.-Fw.-F-ns cmjv{Sob Pohn-X-ns
Ay-L-
- n At-l
- n-s\-Xnsc hnj-en-]X
v amb Btcm-]W kma{Kn cq]-s-Sp-n, Atls XIm {ian hn.-Fk
- .v ANyp-Xm-\ kzm`m-hn-Ia
- mbpw C.-Fw.-F
- ns hynXz
hn]-co-Xa
- m-W.v hn.-Fk
- .v ANyp-Xm-\
- C.-Fw.F-ns\ kwl-cn-m \S-nb ITn\ ]cn-{i-a kzm`m-hn-Ia
- mbpw kaq-la
- \
-
- nse cp
hn]-coX LS-I
- f
- mb \oXn-bp-n-hy-n-Xzhpw
hK hyn-Xzhpw Xn-ep Gp-ap-e
- n-s\bmWv kmy-s-Sp-p-X
- .v Akm-[m-cW
- a
- mb
\yq\-hy-n-Xz-hm-k\
- b
- p hn.-Fk
- v. ANyp-Xm\-\v C-s\-sbmcp Akw-_ kwlmc I\m-bI
- X
- z-n \nv kzbw {]Xn-tcm-[n-m
Ign-bp-am-bn-cp-n-. A{Xbvp i-amb \yq\hy-n-Xz-hm-k\ ANyp-Xm-\-s AkvXn-Xzn kw`r-Xa- m-bn-cn-p-p. hyn-Xz-nse Cu
ASn-m\ t{]c-Wsb hnai\w sImp-Xn-cpn-sb-Sp-m Ign-bp-Ib
- n-. icn-bmbn Imcy-
sNbvXp Xop-X
- n-\p B{K-l
- s
- f-sbmw
sRcn-p-If
- b
- p P\-XnI t{]c-Wb
- mWv AXv.
kao-]I
- m-ev kaq-la
- [
- y-n ]\-t]mse
hfp Ib-dnb hn.-Fk
- .v ANyp-Xm-\
- s B
]mTw HIvtSm-_ 2013
53
hoc-s-cp-
- n\p ]e Imc-W
- ]d-bm-hp-Xm-Wv. [\-Im-cym-[n-\n-th-i-ns Imev
BtKm- f - X - e - n Iayq- W nv {]m- \ pw, m]-\
- p-ap-m-b km-{XnI-amb XI-bvn-Sb
- nepw tIc-f
- nse IayqWnv m]-\
- n\pw {]m-\
- n-\pw, ]nSnp-\n-evm Ign-s-n-epw, {]m-\
- ns
m]-\h
- -cW
- h
- pw, [\-Im-cy-Xm-cym-`n-apJy-hpw, [\-Im-cym-`n-ap-Jy-hpw, [\-Im-cym-[n-\n-thi-_e
- t- I-{-p-thn {]m-\s ASna-s-Sp-p "Nmc' {]h-\
- f
- pw, {]m\s hen-sbmcp A]-N-b-ns ]mX-bntep Xncn-p-hn-Sp-I-bp-m-bn. bp.-F-kv.-F.sF.Un kn.-sF.-F. t^mUp XpS-nb
m]-\
- , CS-Xp-] m]-\
- n-\p-n
\S-nb A[n-\n-thiw \nKq-Vhpw X{-]c
- h
- pam-bn-cp-p. {]m-\
- n\p kw`-hn Cu A]N-b
- n-s\-Xnscbp AXn-i
- a
- mb hnai\w
aptm-p-hp sImp "]mTw' \S-nb t]mcms Hcp \yq\-hy-n-Xzm-[n-jvTnX hoc-km-lkn-IX
- b
- mbn ]cn-hn-n-s-Sp-p-hm [\-Imcym-[n-\n-thi in-I \S-nb \nKq-V-\o-f
- psS Dev]
- a
- mWv 2003 \p tijw s]mXpP-\a
-
- y-n-eh
- X
- c
- n-n-s
- -Sp-Ib
- pw,- kzbw AhXmcw sImp-Ibpw sNbvX hn.-Fk
- v.A
- N
- yp-Xm\-. 2003 hscbpw Nne t]mp-env Knn-pI sImv, P\-{i ]nSn-p-]
- m InW-p]-cn-{i-anp sImn-cp hn.-F-kv. ANyp-Xm-\ ]mn-p-n G-hp-a[
- nIw shdp-s]-h-\m-bn-cp-p. ]mnp ]pdpw P\-k--XnbpsS Imcy-n henb t\-s
- fm-p-ap-mm At-l
- n\p Ign-n-cp-n-. am{X-hpa 2001 se sXc-s-Sp-n ""e-\n NnIn-bvp-t]m-bXv Fs Poh-\n sImXn-bpXp sImmWv '' F ANyp- X m- \ - s
{]kvXm-h\
- b
- m-Wv, tIm{K-kp-Im F.-Un.-F^n-s\-Xn-sc-bp apJy-t]m- {]Nm-cW
- m-bp-[amn amn- b - X v . ]nm- e v ]mn- b psS
Ccp km-nI t{kmX-p-I-fmb hynIsf "shdp-s
- -h
- ' F ]Zw sImp ANypXm-\
- hnti-jn-n-X
- v, shdp-s
- -h
- F
B-t_m-[s Dm-S\w sNm-\p t{]cW-sIm-m-Wv. CXv Hcp a\-im-kv{X-{]iv\w IqSnbm-Wv. hnhn-[-Xcw t]mp-env Knn-p-In
IqSn {]mam-Wn-IX
- b
- mn-p-hm ANyp-Xm-\ \S-nb {]b-Xv\
- v 2003 \v ap]v
am[y-a
m-]\
-
- ns ]npW ]nSn-p-]
- m-\mbn Fn 2003 \p tijw nXn amdn-ad
- np. A[n-Im-ch
- n-tI-{o-Ic
- W
- s ap\n-dpn
"]mTw' Dbn-sm-p-h [\-Im-cym-[n-\nthi CS-s]-Se

- ns\Xnsc-bp ka-cs apJya{n ]Z-hn-tm-cm-
- n-\p-thn ANyp-Xm-\
-
]nSn-s-Sp-v, AXn "ANyp-Xm-\- hl'
Fp sImn hbvm {ian-p-Ibpw [\-Imcym-[n-\n-th-i-hn-cp--amb Cu Bi-b-tm-cm-n, \mb-IXzw A`n-\b
- n-p ANyp-Xm-\s\ [\-Im-cym-[n-\n-thi-ns Xs aptJym]-Ic
- W
-
- f
- mb F.-Pn.-HI
- fpw am[y-a
m-]\
- fpw Atlm- c m{Xw ]np- W - b v p- I bpw
sNbvXp. ANyp-Xm-\
- s hK CUn-Kzn-Uz
skkn-_n-en-n-bn \np-ev]
- a
- mb \b-X{- \ow, BXy-n-Ia
- mbn [\-Im-cym-[n-\n-thi hncp-am-bn-cp-n-. [\-Im-cym-[n-\n-th-ihn-cp-a
- mb
cm{ob \o-ns t\XrXzw ]nSn-s-Sp-v,
AXns\ hyn-Im-cy-em-`-n-\p-]-tbm-Kn-pI
FXp am{X-am-bn-cpp ANyp-Xm-\
- s Xmcyw. [\-Im-cy-[n-\n-th-i
- n-s\-Xnsc ]mn-pnepw ]pdpw \S-p ka-cs \yq\hyn tI{o-Ir-X-amn Cmbva sN-W-san, \yq\-hy-n-Xzm-[n-jvTn-X-amb hoc-_nw_s cq]-s-Sp-t-Xv Bh-iy-am-bn-o
kml-N-cy-n-em-Wv, ANyp-Xm-\- AXn\p
k-\
- mbn A[n-\n-thi tI{-f
- psS ssIIfn-tebvv Ib-dn-s-X
- v. CXv ANyp-Xm-\
- \pw
[\-Im-cy-[n-\n-thi in-Ipw Htc-t]mse
{]tbm-P\w sNp Imcy-am-bn-cp-p.
hoc (hero) FXv Hcp {]mMv{]-Xo-Ia
- m-Wv.
AXv a\p-jy-\m Akm-y-am-bX
- ns\ kmyam-pI F krn-]c
- a
- mb t{]c-Wb
- psS ]cnk-c-n \nv D-n-sb-Sp-p--Xm-sWntmepw ka-nXn t_m[m-[n-jvTn-X-amb
kmaq-ly-_
-
- f
- psS ]m-e
-
- n, hoc
B{K-lN
- n-m-I
- a
- mb \yq\hyn-Xz-hn-kvXmc-ambn amdp-Ib
- m-Wp-m-bX
- v. hyn-Xz-sa-X
- v,
Hcp kmaq-ly-amb D-a
- m-bXp sImp-Xs,
A\ys ]cn-an-Xn-Ip-ta Xs `pP-_e
- tam
_un-Im-[n-]X
- ytam m]n-s-Sp-p hoc
(hero) F-Xv, kmaq-ly-hn-cp-a
- mb Hcp \yq\hy-n-Xz-ambn amdp-p. AXv kXy-kmbn _m_bm- b m- e pw, ZmhqZv C{_mlnw Bbm- e pw,
tamlem-em-bmepw Hcp kaq-l
- n-\p-ta HcmfpsS tXtcmw FXv \oXn-bp-n-cl
- n-Xa
- mb
A`ym-ka
- m-bn-o-cp-p. C.-Fw. Fn-s\-tmse
Hcp cmjv{Sob \mb-Is\ "hoc\m'bnm-Wm
tIcf P\-Xbvp Ign-bp-am-bn-cp-n-. s]mXpkaql-hp-am-bp XmZmyamWv, s]mXp-ka
- q-l
- n\p-ta hoc-km-l-kn-I-amb A`ym-k-IneqsS B[y-]Xyw m]n-s-Sp-pI F-
X krn-]-c-amb hyn-Xzw. kzXz-sbpw

kzm-sbpw hoc-Km-Y-bm-n-opI
F-X
- , adnv Ah-bpsS \ncm-k
- n-eqsS kaql-ns ]cn-h-t\-b
- n ]p-tNp-sImv, kzXzs (person) kaq-lt- I-{o-Ir-Xa
- mb
hyn-Xz-am-bn ]p\-cm-hn-jvIc
- n-pI F-XmWv
hynbpw kaq-lhpw Xn-ep ssPh-_
- n, kaq-l
- ns {]m[m\yw AwKo-Ic
- n-pI
FXmWv ka-nXn Zi-\
- ns icn-bmb
]mX. Hcmv kaq-l
- ns icm-icn Ign-hpI-sf-m Db Xe-n-ep Ign-hp-I {]ISnnm Ign-t-bvpw. hyn-Xz-km-I-Xb
- psS G-p-d
- n-ep-I \n-ba
- mbpw kaql-a\
- p-jyn-Sb
- n-ep-m-hpw. Fm C.-{io-[c-\n-s-n Un.-Fw.-B.-kn. C, Un.-Fw.-B.kn. C Fn sImn sat{Sm C
Fsmsbp \ne-]m-SpI-fn sXfn-p-Im-Wp-Xv
\yq\-hyn hmZ-n-ep
kmaq-ly-hn-izm-ka
- m-Wv. ]eIm-c-W-sImp,
Hcmv s]mXp- k - a q- l ns icm-i-cn-sb-m
Db ssh`hw Dm-Imw.
AXn\v Hcp P\-XnI kw{IaW
]cn- k - c - a p- s ntmepw,
AXv
BnX ssh`- h - a mWv .
P- k n- - a mb ssh`hw
F- X v , ASn- m- \ - ] - c - a mbn Fm Pppap-X
- m-W.v ]cn-kc
- hpw kaq-lh
- p-am-bp
{]Xn-{]-h-\-n-eqsS, kaq-l-n \nv
Dsm--Xns\ t{]mkkv sNbvXv, kmaqlymkw-kvIr-Xs kwkvI-cn-v, Bn-Xssh-`hw {]tbm-P\
- s
- -tS-X
- m-Wv. a\p-jys
GXp {]hr- n- a - - e - nepw BnX
ssh`hw icm-i-cn-sb-m Db tXmXn
{]I-S-n-p-hm Ign-bp--h Dm-Ipw. Cu
BnX ssh`hw I-io-e
- n-eqsS HmKm\nv Bbn amdp-I-bpw, AXv ]nX-e-ap-d-I-fntbp kw{I-aWw sN-s-Sp P\-XnI Adnhns `mK-am-bn-o-cp-Ibpw sNpw. anI
BnX ssh`-ht- ijn Nne-cpsS Nn-bn-epw,
ImgvN
- m-Snepw, {]hr-n-bnepw {]Xn-ê
- n-pI
kzm`m-hn-Ia
- m-Wv. a\p-jy hnti-j_
- p-n-bp
arK-ambnocp-X
- v, BnX ssh`-h
- ns
hnti-j-hn-Imkw \nan--am-Wv. a\p-jyn-Sbn Xs Bn-Xs
- sh-`h
-
- ns DbtXmXp {]I-Sa
- m-m Ign-bp hsc-bmWv hnti-
j-hy-n-Xz-ap--h Fp-]-d-bp--Xv. kaqls As- n ]cn- n- X nsb Cs\

Bn-p-tm, kaq-l
- n\v As-n ]cnn-Xn-p-ta, kzw B-ab
-
- ns A[nImcw kYm-]n-p-Ib
- pw, kmaq-lyhpw ]mcn-nXn-Ih
- p-amb ]Zm ]cn-kc
- s
- bpw am\-knI
]Zm-]-cn-k-c-sbpw kzw Xm-cyv A[o-\a
- m-p-hm {ian-p-Ibpw sNpn-S
- mWv \yq\-hy-nXzn\p-apXq-a
- p-mhp-X
- v. adn-v, BnX ssh`-hs
- bpw hntijm-\t- i-jn-sbbpw kmaq-ly-a
- m-\k
- n-I- ]
- mcn-n-XnI ]Zm hnI-k\
-
- n-\mbn D]-bp-am-p-tm-gm-Wv, krn-]c
- a
- mb \oXn-bpn
hynXzw cq]-s-Sp-p-p. A\y-am-bX
- n\v DXIp-hm-\p Ign-hm-W,v hyn-Xz-sa-X
- .v A\ys\
X\nv DX- I p- - X mnop {]{In- b bv mWv \yq\- h ynXzw Fp ]d-bp-Xv. "hoc' A\y-am-bXn\v DX-Ip--Xn-\p
Ign-hns\b, A\y-ambXv X\nv DX-Ip-Xv
Bn- op- - X n\p Ign-hn-s\-bmWv
DZmoI-cn-p-X
- v.
ANyp-Xm-\- P\{]oXn ]nSn- p- ] - p
t\Xm-hm-bn-o-cp--Xn\p Imc-W
- ]cntim-[n-p-tm, AXn Hv CS-Xp-]--{]m-\
- ns A]-Nb
- a
- m-Wv. [\-Im-cy-m-]\
- h-cW
-
- ns L-n CS-Xp-]
-
m]-\-n-s\-Xnsc AXn-\p-n \np Iem-]smSn Dbp-h
- sc CS-Xp-]
- m-`n-ap-Jy-ap
P\-hn-`mKw s]mXp-sh- ]nXp-Wb
- vp-p. Iem]-Imcn t\Xr-Xz-n-en-cn-p ap- {]-[m-\n-Is
- fm apn-b-tXm, NotXm Agp-InbtXm
F ]cn-KW
- \ hfsc Xma-knp am{X-amWp
{]k--am-bn-o-cp--Xv. AXn-\p-ap]v Xs
Iem-]I
- m-cn-bpsS ]-tbvp P\- Nmbp-Xn\p Imc-Ww, {]-\-ns hgn ]ng
t]mn-s\-Xnsc Ie-ln-m Ah kzbw B{Kln-p-pv FXmWv. GsX-n-ep-samcp {]apJ AXn\p Xp\n-bp-tm, Abm Fmbmepw Bcm-bmepw P\-p kzoIm-cy-\mbn-o-cp-p.
Fw.-F.-hn-Pb
- CS-Xp-] {]m-\
- ns\-Xnsc hnai-\a
- p-bn-bX
- v Hcp kmwkvImcnI {]h-I F \ne-bn-em-Wv. kzbw
]mTw HIvtSm-_ 2013
55
]mn-tbm, ]mn-p-_-Ztem Bbn-o-cmsX

]mn F Inp aq hcp- p
"Ac'ns tdm BWp "]mT'n\p-Xv
Fp amjv ]d-p. Fm ]mn t\Xr-Xzn-ep ANyp-Xm-\
- hnP-b amjns {]Xyb-im-kv{X-ka
- c
- w, {]k-Ym-\
- n\v Fs\ DXIp-sap ]co-n-p-Ib
- ; adnv AXns DS-am-hI
- miw Xs B_nw_ hnIm-k
- n\p
Fs\ DX-Ip-sav At\z-jn-p-I-bmWp
sNbvXX
- v. amjv \yq\-hy-n-Xz-hn-]c
- o-Xa
- mb Hcp
hnai-\
- n-eqsS {]m-\
- ns {]Xy-bi
- mkv{X-]c
- a
- mb Dj-s-bmWv eyw hncp-s
- X-n, ANyp-Xm-\
- {]Xy-bi
- m-kv{X-]c-amb sISp-Xn-Is-Xn-sc-bp A`n-\bw
]mn-bnepw s]mXp-ka
- q-l
- nepw Xs B[n]Xyw m]n-p--Xn\v Fs\ {]tbm-P-\s-Sp-sav At\z-jn-p-Ib
- mWv sNbvXX
- v. amjv
Hcp P\-k-aq-l-ns \ncm-i-bpw, thZ-\bpw
{]Xn-ê
- n-n-p cmjv{Sob lrZ-b
- ns {]Xntj-[s
- -bmWv AS-bm-fs
- -Sp-n-bXv Fm
Cse hsc shdp-s
- -h
- \
- m-bn-cp ANypXm-\-, Cu \ntj-[w, s]mXp-k-aq-l-n,
Xs A[n-Im-c-in hnI-kn-n-s-Sp-p--Xn\p Ah-kc
- a
- mbn {]tbm-P\
- s
- -p.
shdp- - s h
F
cmjv { Sob
bmYmys adn-IS- v P\-{]n-b F Ah-bn-tebvv amn Fgp-Xs
- -Sp-X
- n\v ANypXm-\
- \S-nb ]cn-{i-a
- f
- mWv ""It,-Ictf hn Ft, s]mt apt hn Ft'' F
ap{Zm-hm-Iy-ns timN-\o-bX
- b
- n-tev ANypXm-\ `nsb sImp sNsn-Xv. \yq\hy-n-Xz-cm-[m-\-bn \nv D--am-hp
cmjv{Sob Aiveo-ea
- mWv Cu ap{Zm-hm-Iy-n
{]Xn-^-en-p--Xv. t{]am-Xp-c-\mb Imap-Is
cXn-hn-Imc kp-ea
- mb lrZ-b]
- c
- h
- i
- X Fs\-bmWv F]sm]-Xp-Ig
- n htbm-hrs \yq\-hy-n-Xz-tam-l
- sf Atcm-Na
- m-pXv Fpw \mw Ip-sIm-n-cn-p-I-bm-Wv.
A[n- I mc Zpcm- { K- l - n- s {]N- - h m- X nsv ImgvN-bp-sSbpw tIhn-bp-sSbpw
\ymb-t_m[w \-s-p-t]mb Hcp cmjv{Sob
kJm-hns Zmcp-Wa
- mb XIsb BWv Atl-ns t]mp-env Knn-p-I {]XypmZn-n-p-sIm-n-cn-p-Xv Fv Atlw C\nbpw
Xncn-d
- np Ign-n-n-. Ctm ANyp-Xm\- F \yq\-hy-nXzw Hcp cmj-{Sob Zpc-ambn amdp-I-bm-Wv. Hcp Bbpv cmjv{Sob
{]h-\
- n-\mbn \on h Hcm-sf, AbmfpsS \yq\-hy-nXzw F-s\-bmWv lrZ-bi
- q56 ]mTw HIvtSm-_ 2013
\y-ambn A[n-t-]n-p-Xv FmWv \mw

Ip-sIm-n-cn-p-X
- v. kaq-lt- mSpw cm{tm-Sp-ap I-{]-Xn-_--X-bm-Wv, t]mcm-ns Ime-n cmjv{So-bP
- o-hn-X
- n-\n-d
- nn-cn ANyp-Xm-\
- s a\-ns \sb Ncn{X-n AS-bmfw sNp-X
- .v B \-sb, Atl-ns Xs \yq\-hy-nXz t{]c-W-I
XIp-If
- b
- p-Xv Fs\ Fv Ctm
\mw Adnp-sIm-n-cn-p-p. Xo-bmbpw
t]mcmcmjv{So-b-n \nv A[n-Imccm{ob-ns ko-Xb
- n-tebvp ISp Ib-dnb
Iayq-Wnv hyn-Xz-f
- p-sSbpw, k-tZ-iob
Iayq-Wnv {]m-\-n-sbpw XIbvp
Imc-Ww, a\p-jym-kvXn-Xz-n Xs-bp
\yq\-hy-n-Xz-am-Wv. A[n-Imc \n-l-Wns ]cn-kc
-
- f
- n \yq\-hy-nXzw Dm-Zmh--bn-se-p-I-bpw, Xm P\-tIm-Sn-I-fpsS
Bcm-[\
- m-aqn-bpw, A[n-Imc m\-hp-am-bno-cW
- s
- av B{K-ln-p-Ibpw sNp-p. Fme-sbpw A[n-Im-chyh-I
- , \yq\-hy-nXz
t{]c-W-Isf Dm-Z-h-ev-cn-pI FXv Hcp
cmjv{So-b-X{w F \ne-bn kzoI-cnp
t]mn-p-v. Ctm [\-Im-cym-[m-\n-thi
m]\w AXns IpSn-ea
- mb Nqj-WX
- mcy- \n-ln-pXn\pw a\-jy-\n ASnp-In-S
- p \yq\-hy-n-Xzs Dm-Zh
- e
- vcn-pI F cm{ob X{w hnZ-Kv-ambn
{]tbm-Kn-p-p. AXns Cc F \ne-bn
Bbp- ns _mn ]{X- n cmjv { Sob
{]h-sam-gnsI asmpw Ah-ti-jn-n-m
Ign-bm Hcp a\p-jy Ah-am-\n-s
- -Sp-Ibpw,
BZi-]-cn-thjw s]mfn-p-hoWv Zb-\o-bambn shfn-hm-s
- -Sp-Ibpw sNp-tm, P\tIm-Sn-If
- psS kam-cm-[y F k-ev]
- ns
{Iucy-amWv kan-s
- -Sp-X
- v.
Iayq-Wnv ImgvN
- m-Sn \nv CS-Xp-]
- P
- \m-[n-]X
- y-an-Xh
- m-Z
- n-te-bvpw, AhnsS \nv
he-Xp-] km-tZ-iob km-Zn-]
-
- X
- n-IfpsS \S-n-p-Im-c F \ne-bn-tebvpw kn.]n.Fw A]-Nb
- s
- -Sp-tm, tIc-fob s]mXpk-aq-l
- ns a\v \mbn thZ-\n-p-Ib
- pw,
Aajw sImp-Ibpw kn.-]n.-F-n-\p-n
\np ]pd-s-Sp hna-Xi
- _
- vZ
- s]mXpkaql-n\v {]nb-c--fm-bn-o-cp--Xns apJyIm- c Ww AXp- X - s - b mWv . cm- b n- c n
aqn "]mTw' kn.-]n.-Fw-\p-n kw`-hn-n-cnp km-tZ-iob [\-Imcy km{am-Py-CS- s
- ]S-ens\ kw_-n hnai-\a
- p-bn-p-X
- p-hsc-bpw, hn.-F-kv. ANyp-Xm-\- ]mn-bnse
HutZym-KnI ]-ns ZrV-Km-{X-am-bn-cp-p.

]mn-p-nse Xs FXn-cm-fn-Isf \new-]cn-im-p--Xn\v Atlw apJy-ambpw D]-tbmKn-n-cp-Xv kwL-S-\-bpsS HutZym-KnI `mj
Xs-bm-bn-cp-p. G-hp-sam-Sp-hn kpio-em-tKm]m-es\ XIpI F eyw hv ]mnbpsS kwm\ sk{I-d
- n-bp-ambn DS-Sn Dmn. Iq Iyq-Wn-p-Isf ]mn-bnse hn`mKo-b-X-bn ]m-fn-I-fm-n-smp kn.-sF.Sn.bp. ]s Acn- p- h o- g v p- - X n\p
thn Atlw D]-tbm-Kn-Xpw kwL-S\
- m-]c
- amb A-S
-
- ns ITn-\`
- mj Xs-bm-bn-cpp. Ahn-sS-sbmpw kwL-S\
- m-]c
- a
- mb A-Ss \ntj-[n-p Hcp hna-Xi
- _
- vZa
- m-bn-ocm ANyp-Xm-\
- Xm-dm-bn-cp-n-. cm-bncn aqn "]mTw' Dbn-sm-p-h cmj{Sob hnai-\
- n\v ]mn-p-n ]nXp-Wbp-m-bn-cp BZy-L-
- n ANyp-Xm-\
-
B cmjv{Sob hnai-\-ns hm-hm-Im
B{K-ln-n-cp-n-. ]noSv bp.-Fk
- v. tImkpte-ns Zm-f
- m ]mn-p-ff
- n ]nSn-ap-dp-pI-bpw , ]mn t\Xr-Xz-n-en-cn-p _lp-`qcn-]--hpw, [\-Im-cy-km-{am-Py-sam-cp-nb [\Im-cy-tem-`-\o-b-X-bpsS hgn-bn-eqsS _lp-Zqcw
k-cnp Ign-n-cn-p-p-shp Ah XsXn- c n- - d n- b p- I bpw sNp- t m- g m- W v , "]mTw'
Dbn-sm-p-h [\-Im-cy-km-{am-Py-Xz-hn-cp-cm-jv{So-bh
- n-ai\w Gs-Sp-m Ign-bm
\ne-bn Fn-s-n-cn-ppshv t\XrXzw
thZ-\t- bmsS a\-n-em-n-bX
- v. [\-Im-cy-ku-Jy_--fpsS he--n-I-fn-e-I-s-p-t]mb
]mn-kJ
- m-sf [\-Im-cy-km-{am-PyXz hncp-cm-jv{So-b-ns FXn]--tbvp Bns-fn-p-sImp t]mIm bp.-Fk
- v. tImkptev Zm-f
- mp Ign-bp-sa Ah htm-gm-W,v ]mn kwL-S\ [\-Imcy km{am-PyXz
hncp-c
- m-jv{So-b
- n-s\-Xn-cpw, P\-a\
- v [\-Imcy-km-{am-PyXz hncp--cm-jv{So-b-n-\-\p-Iq-e-hpsa Ah-m-hn-ti-ja
- p-m-bX
- v. Cu k`n ]mn-bpsS HutZym-Kn-I-t\-Xr-Xzhpw
kwL-S\
- bpw [\-Im-cy-km-{am-Py-Xz-]
- X
- n-If
- psS
hm-f
- mbn amdp-Ib
- pw, Ahsc As\ amn
FSp-m ]mn-bpsS tI{ t\Xr-Xz-n\p Ignbp-Ibpw sNbvXp. bp.-Fk
- v. tImkp-te-p-ambp NmbpsS kml-N-cy-n, tIc-fns km{am- P yXz hncp- - a - \ - ns
tm`s \bn-m, [\-Im-cy-km-{am-Py-Xz-]p \np Hcm-fns\ Xs \ntbm-Kn-m\pw, As\ [\- I m- c y- k m- { am- P y- X z- h n- c p
{]tm-`
- ns t\Xr-Xzs kzw ssIsh-bn-sem-Xp-m-\pw, bp.-F-kv. Zm-f Fp
\ymbambpw kwi-bn-m Ign-bp {]Imiv
Icm-ns t\Xr-Xz-n-ep bp.-Fk
- .v tem_np
Ign-p. hj-f
- mbn ]mn-bn \ne-\n-ncp hyn-\n-jvT-hn-`m-Ko-b-Xsb adn-I-S-psImp Hcp {]Xy-bi
- m-kv{X-ka
- c
- w, ]mn-bn
cq]-s-t- m, AXns\ hyn-\njvT hn`m-Kob-Xb
- n-tebvp aS-n-smphcm-\pw, {]Xy-bim-kv{X-ka
- c
- s sslPmv sNbvXp bp.-Fk
- v.
tImkp-tep \bn-p F.-Pn.-H. cmjv{So-bn-s-bpw, \yq\-hy-n-cm-jv{So-b-n-sbpw
hgnp sImp-hc
- m\pw thn, ANyp-Xm-\
-
sXc- s - S p- - s - p. tI{- t \- X r- X z- ns
{]tXyI ]cn-c-bvpn \np-sIm-v,
ANyp-Xm-\- [\-Im-cy-km-{am-Py-Xz-hn-cp--XbpsS {]-s
- a-Sp-W
- n-p-sImv. kwL-S\m
A-S-s [n-cn-p Iem-]m-cn-bpsS
thjw A`n-\-bn-p-Ibpw, P\-a-\-p-I-fnse
hnai-\m-k
- nsb Cf-n- adn-p-Ibpw sNbvXp.
Cs\ Hcp Iem-]s P\w A`n-ej
- n-n-cpp
FXpsIm-v, kzm`m-hn-Ia
- mbpw Hcp ANyp-Xm\- XcwKw cq]-sp Fp Icp-Xp-Xv Hcp
sNdnb Hc-f-thmfw icn-bm-Wv. Fm Cu
ANyp-Xm-\
- XcwKw bp.-Fk
- v. tImkp-ten \npw Xe- t m- d pw, hntZ- i - ^ - nwKv
GPkn-If
- n \npw ]Whpw e`n-p F.Pn.-H. hob Xo{h-hm-Zn-kw-L
- ZrV-ambn
Bkq-{XWw sNbvX P\-Iob apt ]-Xnbm-bn-cp-p. [\-Im-cy-km-{am-PyXz hnt[-bXzw
\nanw Xw kw`-hn-p-Ig
- n ]mn-bpsS
kwL-S\m a\-n-s\-Xncp \np P\-a-\ns\ F.-Pn.-H. hob Xo{h-hmZn kwL-
cq]- s - S p- nb he- X p- ] Xo{h- h m- Z - ntebvp \bnp sImp-t]m-hm \nbp-\
- mb
t\Xmhv F \ne-bn, ANyp-Xm-\
- s P\{]o-Xn-bn KpW-]c
- a
- mb IpXnp Nm-ap-m-bn.
tIc-f
- nse he-Xp-] am[y-ak
- w-Lw, ANypXm-\ P\-{]-Xo-Xn-bpsS IpXnp Ib-
- n\v GII-WvTa
- mb ]npW \In. CXv, kzm`m-hn-Ia
- mbp-mb am[y-as
- F-Iy-aX
- a
-
- m-bn-cp-p, _mlyi- n- I - f psS Ir{Xn- a - a mb CS- s ]- S - e n
\np]-amb am[ya GI-kz-cX-bm-bn-cp-p.
tIc-f
- nse kn.-]n.Fw kwL-S\
- m-t\-Xr-Xz-n\v, [\-Im-cym-[n-\n-thi hnt[-bX
- z-ns ]mXbn-eqsS _lpZqcw k-cn-t-n- h-X
- p-sImv, ^n\mkv aqe-[\
-
- ns _lp-ap-J{- ]-tbmK-f
- p-ambn kn-sN-t-n- h-p. Cu A\p-cRvP\
-
- n-s\-Xnsc ANyp-Xm-\
- s\ bp-n\p
]mTw HIvtSm-_ 2013
57
\ntbm-Kn-Xv bp.-Fk
- v. tImkp-te-ns \nb{-W-n-ep tI{-t\-XrXzw Xs-bm-bn-cpp. \nb-ak
- `
- , m\mnn-Ib
- n \npw,
apJy-a{- n-]Z-
- n \npw, {]Xn-]
- t- \Xr- ]Zhnbn \npw ANyp-Xm-\
- s\ Hgn-hm-m
kwm\ kwL-S\m t\XrXzw Xm-dm-bt- m
B Xocp-am-\
- sf \ntj-[n-p-sIm-v, X\n-\p-Iq-ea
- mbn P\-Iob {]I-S\
-
- kwL-Sn-nm ANyp-Xm-\
- \v A\p-hmZw \In-bXv bp.F-kv. tImkp-te-ns \nb-{-W-n-ep
kn.-]n.-Fw. tI{-t\-XrXzw Xs-bm-bn-cp-p.
XpSv, kwm\ kan-Xn-bpsS kwL-S\m
Xocp-am-\s An-ad
- n-p-sImv tI{-t\-Xr-Xzns Xocp-am-\-ap-m-b-tXm-sS, kwm\
]mn kwL-S\ ASn-m-\]
- c
- a
- mbn shp-hnfn-s
- -Sp-Ib
- p-m-bn. A_vZp\m-k aZ-\n-tbmsSmw ANyp-Xm-\
- s Nn{X-ap CS-Xp-]
sXc-s-Spp t]m-dp-I tIc-f
- n-ep-S\
- ofw
{]Xy-s
- -SpXn\p-]n-n-epw, hy-amb Hcp
CS-Xp-] hncp Bkq-{X-W-ap-m-bn-cp-p.
he-Xp-] ho-b-Xo-{h-hm-Z-ns HSn
Ip-ap-\b
- mb A_vZp\m-k aZ\n ]mnsb
cn-p-sa ]nW-dmbn hnP-bs _pn-iq-\yamb \ne-]m-Sns\ ]cn-lk
- n-p-sIm-m-W,v ANypXm-\-s Nn{X-ap t]m-dp-I aZ-\n-bpsS
Nn{X- a p t]m- d p- I - t fmSv Dcpn \n- X v .
ASp sXc-s-Spv Fp-tm hopw
ANyp-Xm-\
- s\ kw_-n kwm\ kwLS\m Xocp-am\w Bhnv An-a-dn--s-SpIbpw ANyp-Xm-\- {]Xn-] t\Xm-hns
]Z-hn-bn-tev Db-s-Sp-Ibpw sNbvXp. bp.F-kv. tImkp-tev kn.-]n.-Fw. tI{-t\XrXz Ap-X
- ns hnP-ba
- m-bn-cpp AXv. aZ\n-bp-am-bp cm{ob Nm--n \nv
Cpdn kwm\ t\XrXzw hntam-Nn-X-am-btm, ANyp-Xm-\-s t\Xr-Xz-]p-\-cp-m-\n\v KWy-amb kw`m-h\ sNbvXX
- v, mvsabn-enwKv hnZ-Kv Fp kzbw Ah-Im-is
- Sp A_vZp dhq-^pw, dne-bkp-am-bn-cp-p.
kwm\ kwL-S\m Xocp-am-\- hn`mKo-bX
- b
- psS D-
- F \ne-bn kzm`mhn-I-ambpw Dmn P\m-[n-]Xy kp hncp-a
- m-bn-cp-p. AXn-\p-ao-sX, ANypXm-\
- s A[n-Imc Zptm-lm-k
- nsb apXse-Spp sImp tI{-t\-XrXzw kzoI-cn \ne]m-Sp-I AsX-m-tfsd Dmn P\m-[n-]X
- yhn-cp-hpw hnIr-Xh
- p-am-bn-cp-p. kwm\ t\XrXz-n-s\-Xnsc ANyp-Xm-\- D-bn "[\Im-cy-[n-\n-th-ih
- n-cp' {]Xo-Xn-bm \ne-]m58 ]mTw HIvtSm-_ 2013
Sp-If
- n-semw tI{-t\-XrXzw ANyp-Xm-\
- s\
Xncp-p \ne-]m-SmWp kzoI-cn--sX-n,
ANyp-Xm-\
- s\ ]me-sadn A[n-Im-c]
- Z- h
- n-bnte- b v p- b p Imcy- n am{Xw,
kwm\LS-Is Xmgvn-s-n-sm-pw,
]mn-bpsS ASn-m-\X
- X
- z-sf ]cn-lk
- n-psIm-p-ap \ne-]m-SmWv tI{-t\-XrXzw kzoIcn--Xv. "]mTw' Dbn-smp h [\-Imcykm{amPy-Xz-hn-cp hnai-\s \yq\-hynXz tI{o-Ir-Xa
- mn Ae-kn-np If-bp-Xn-\v, tI{-t\-XrXzw ANyp-Xm-\
- \p \Inb
]mcn-tXm-jn-Ia
- mbncpp apJy-a{n {]Xn-]
- t\-Xr-]Z- h
- n-I. kwm\ kwL-S\ [\-Im-cykm-{am-Py-Xz-n-\p-hg
-
- p \ne-]m-Sp-I kzoI-cn-p-tm AXn-s\-Xnsc Hcp t^bvv F
IuS (hym-Pk
- w-L- \
- w) cq]-s-Sp-n, [\Imcy km{am-PyXz hncp \ne-]m-Sp-If
- psS ]cmPbw nco-Ic
- n-p-Ibpw, [\-Imcy km{am-PyXz-hn-cp--\n-e-]m-Sp-I-fpsS hm-hmbn \npsImv B \ne-]m-Sp-If
- psS ]cm-Pbw kanp Hcp hymP-kw-L- \w cq]-s-Sp-n-bX
- ns
]mcn-tXm-jnIw F \ne-bn ]me-sadn
t\Xr-]Z- h
- n-I ]nSn-p-]
- p-Ibpw sNp B]ev-c-amb nXn-hn-ti-j-n-emWv ANyp-Xm\- Fn-s-X
- v.
ANyp-Xm-\
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P\-a\
-
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{]Xn-tj-[hpw Nqn-m-Wn-p-tm Xs
AXns cmjv{So-bs he-Xp-] Xo{h-hm-Zn-\\
- p-Iq-ea
- mbn Xncnp hnSp-X
- ns bp.-Fkv.t- Imkp-tev \S-nb Icp-\o-
- B
_nw_- k r- n- b nepw AXns hf- b nepw
\nm-bI
- a
- m-bn-o-cp asmcp Imc-Wa
- mbn
ImWm-hp-X
- m-Wv. ANyp-Xm-\
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- n \np am[ya-sf GtIm-]n-n-p Hcp in-{]-hnp-p-m-bn-cp-p. AXm-bXp tIm{K-v,
eoKp, tIcf tIm{Kp XpS-n, tIc-f
- nse
B Fkv. Fn-Xc _n.-sP.-]n.-hsc he-Xp-]
anX-hm-Z
- ns ]mX-bn-emWv Nen-p-sIm-n-cnp-X
- v. tIcf am[y-a
m-]\ DS-aI
- _lp`q-cn-]-hpw ANyp-Xm-\- kn.-]n.Fn
krn-n-cn-p hnL-S\ ZoL-Im-em-Sn-m-\n-se-nepw CS-Xp-]
-
- n\p hn\-bm-bn-ocp-sap IW-p-Iq-p he-Xp-] anX-hmZ
cm{o-b
- ns [\-Imcy kl-Im-cn-If
- m-bn-cp-p.
ANyp-Xm-\-s\ kn.-]n.-Fw. kwL-S-\-bp-ambn
Ie-ln-p Ghpw apXn hna-X_
- nw-_a
- mbn
s]cp-n-s-Sp-p-tm Xs Fw.-hn.-cm-Lh
- ,
sI.-B.-Ku-cn-b Fn-s
- \-bp hna-Xt- \Xm-, ap-KX
- n-bn-msX he-Xp-] anX-hm-Zns IqSm-c
- n tNt-dn-bX
- ns Ncn{Xw
he-Xp-]
- a
- n-Xh
- mZ m]-\s ap ]nSn-nn-cp-p.
he-Xp-]
- a
- n-Xh
- m-Zc
- m-jv{Sob m]-\
- f
- pw,
Ah-bpsS {]Nm-c-I-cmb am[y-a-m-]-\-fpw
CS-Xp-]--hn-aX t\Xm-hns\ BZi-ns
B ssZh-ambn Dbn-sm-p-h
- X
- v, Fw.h n.-cm-Lh
- s
- tbm sI.-B. Kucn-b
- b
- p-sStbm
]mX-]nXp-Sv Abm he-Xp-] cm{o-bns Xmh-f
- n-se-n-tcpw F IWp
Iq- e p- s Im- m- h mw. Fm [\- I mcy
kmtZiob- h - e v - c W
(Finance
Internationalisation) ns Ime-L-
- n ]pXpXmbn Dbp-h [\-Imcy cm{ob BtKm-fh-e
v c- Ww (internationalisation of finance politics)
FXv tZiob he-Xp-]
- a
- n-Xh
- m-Zs ]qambpw hngp-p-Ib
- pw, CS-Xp-]
-
- ns Bcn-IX
- e
-
- n-tebvv Acnp Ib-dp-Ibpw sNbvXp.
km-tZ-iob tkmjy-en-k
- n-sbpw kmtZ-iob h-cm-{o-b-n-sbpw {]Xn-tbmKn
F \ne-bn Ah-Xc
- n-n-s
- heXp Xo{hhmZ cm{o-b-ns Ip-ap-\-bm-bn-o
Ûv F.-Pn.-H.-Ifpw, ho-b- h
- w-iob hnLS\hmZ m]-\--fp-am-Wv, ANyp-Xm-\-s
BZi- _ nw_ cq]- h - c - W - n\v apJyImn-IXzw hln-X
- v. [\-Im-cy-km-{am-Py-Xz-nsbpw ^n\mkv C\m-j-W-sse-tk-jsbpw Ime-L-
- n, km-tZ-iob ^nwKv
GPkn-I, tZiob cmjv{Sob m]-\
- f
- psS
\ne-]mSp Xd-Isf XIp-sImv, A-hsb
^nwKv GPkn-If
- psS A\p-_
-
- f
- mn
amn. ]cn-n-Xn, enwKw, hwiob A\-\y-X, hnIk-\w, a\p-jym-hI
- miw Fn-s
- \-bp {]tab- Gs- S p- p- s Imv temI- s a- mSpw
{]hn-p F.-Pn.-H.-I h-]-c-amb
NqjWw F amIvknv ho-W-ns
{]Xym-Jym-\
- F \ne-bn-emWv AXns
{]ta-b- temI-k-aw Ah-X-cn-n--Xv.
amIvkn-k
- n-s\-Xn-sc-bp {]Xym-JymX {]tab-sf ASn-m-\-s-Spn {]tm` {]NmcWw \S-p F.-Pn.-H.-Ifpw, òI-ch
- mZ hnLS\ {]m-\
- f
- pw, [\-Im-cy-ap-Xe
- m-fn-
- ns
^nw-Kn \nv hocyw k
- w-`c
- n-p-sImv, tZicm-{m-Jym-bn-I-Isf inYn-eo-I-cn-pI F
heXp] Xo{h-hm-Z-cm-jv{Sob {]h-\n Gs-n-cn-p-p. heXp] Xo{h-hmZ
cm{o-b
- ns Acm-{ob {]tab sshhn-yhpw, [\-Im-cy-k
-
- X
- b
- pw, he-Xp-]
- a
- n-Xh
- mZs kq-ambn hngp-n-Ig
- n-n-cn-p
k`-n-em-Wv, tIc-f-nse CS-Xp-]
cm{ob kwL-S\
- b
- psS apJy-J
- n hnLS\w krn-p-hm thn ANyp-Xm-\

- \nbp-\m-b-Xv. ANyp-Xm-\-\p thn Bqs Hcp-n-sb-Sp-p-X
- n-epw, ANyp-Xm-\
- s
]me-sadn A[n-Imc m\-e_
- v[nsb ap\ndp-n, \mem am{X P\-Io-bX
- b
- psS {]Xn-tj[- kwL- S n- n- p- - X n\pw F.- P n.- H .
hob Xo{h-hm-Zn-kw-L
- f
- mWv ap ssIsbSp-X
- v. sSd-dnv F.-Pn.H. ^nw-Kn \nv
hocyw k
- w-`c
- n-p Nne am[y-a
m-]\
-
- ,
he- X p- ] - - a n- X - h m- Z - m- ] - \ - sf Xn\onsmv ANyp-Xm-\
- s cm-IXrXzw
t\cnv Gs-Sp-p-Ib
- pw, ANyp-Xm-\
- s BZi_nw_w hnI-kn-n-s-Sp-p {]h-\
- n
t\Xr-Xz-]-c-amb ]p-h-ln-p-Ibpw sNbvXp.
ssewKnI Agn-aX
- n-t-kns akvXn-jvIs
- ap
kzbw hnti-jn-n-p A_vZpd-hq-^ns P\pn-ep mIvsa-bn-enwKv hnZ-Kv-msc Iqp]n-Sn-p-sIm-v, ANyp-Xm-\
- \S-nb [k-a-c--sfm-s-bpw, he-Xp-] Xo{h-hmZ
cm{o- b - ns hm- - f mb F.- P n.H
hob òI-ch
- m-Z{- ]-m-\
- f
- psS Nhn-S- n-bn
\np cq]w sIm-Xm-bn-cp-p. ae-bmf at\m-ca- s b- t mse KX- I me he- X p- ] - - c m- { o- b ns t\Xr-m-\
- p-\n-n-cp am[y-a
m]-\-sf ]n-Wn-bn-em-n-smv ANyp-Xm\-X
- m-tcm-Zb
-
- n-\p-thn Atlm-cm{Xw ]Wnsb-Spp sImn-cn-p--Xpw, ANyp-Xm-\-
F hoc-km-l-knI _nw_-n\v \mS-Im-hnjvmcw \In-bXpw, ANyp-Xm-\
- s tbmKp thn Bsfm-cpw \S-n-b-Xpw,
ANyp-Xm-\
- s ]me-sadn t\Xr-]Z- e
- _
- v[np-thn {]Xn-tj[ PmY-I kwL-Sn-n-X
- psamw he- X p- ] - - X o- { h- h mZ ]p
\nevp \yq P\-td-j am[y-a
- f
- m-bn-cp-p.
F.-Pn.H cm{o-b
- n-sbpw, hob òI-ch
- mZ- n- s bpw {]Xy- hpw ]tcm- - h p- a mb
Bm- h n- j v mcw \S- n- s m- n- c n- p
"Cym-hn-j' F Nm\-en\v kn.-]n.-F
- n
ANyp-Xm-\- \S-n-sm-n-cn-p [k-a-c-ns ]S-\m-b-I-]-Z-hn-bn-se-n-t-cm
Ign-X
- v ANyp-Xm-\
- he-Xp-] Xo{h-hmZ
cm{o-b-ns D--ambn ]cm-h\w
sN-s-X
- p-sIm-m-Wv. F.-Pn.H. cm{o-b
- ns-bpw, hob Xo{h-hmZ òIc cm{ob-n]mTw HIvtSm-_ 2013
59
sbpw _p-ssk-\y--fmb am[y-a-m-]-\ Dp-Xpw DSp-p-X

- pw, sSddnv {^nwKnsbpw, BtKm-f-a-b-p-a-cpp hym]m-c-nsbpw, sshtZ-inI F.-Pn.H. ^nw-Kn-sbpw
BtKmf s]hmWn- ` - n- s bpw Agpp
]pc \mW-b-q-m-c-n \np hen-sdnp Inp Hml- c n- Ww Xs- b m- W v .
Acw am[y-a[
- ime-If
- n-en-cpp sImv
cm{ob Ip- h n- N m- c W \S- p am[ya
{]h-I, Ah-cpsS \oXn-\ymb hnkvXmc
\mSI kZ-p-Iv ]nn {]hn-p-Xv, Hcp P\-X-bpsS sIme-tmc ]pc ]WamWv Fp Xncn-d
- n-bp-n-. CS-Xp-]
- - cm-{ob-ns s]mXp-th-Zn-If
- n Hcp Pohn-XI
- mew
apgp- h BSn- - I v sXmq- d n- s en
\np cm{ob \mb-I\v F.-Pn.H Xo{hhm-Zc
- m-jv{Sob ^nw-Kn \np kmaqly [
\oXn-bpsS \mS-I
- d
- I
- krn-p he-Xp] Xo{h-hm-Zc
- m-{obn\p sIn-sb-gp-
- nm-\p Igp-Xb
- mbn \np sImSp-m Xmdm-bXv CS-Xp-] P\-a-\-ns\ en-n-pIbpw Bg-n apdn-s-Sp-p-Ibpw sNbvX
kw`-ha
- m-Wv. bp.-Un.-F^v. Ds-sS-bp heXp-] anX-hmZn m]-\
- , Ah, he-Xp] Xo{h-hm-Zs Dn-n-p-Ibpw DSp-n-pIbpw sNp km-tZ-iob [\-Imcy inI-fpsS Bm-\p-hn-I-fmWv Fntmepw, F.-Pn.-H. hnL-S\
- h
- mZ cm{ob m]-\-sf-tmse KqV-hn-t{Zm-l-_pn hnv Imipm-p-h
- c
-
- . [-ka
- c
-
- ns I]-S`
-
- ,
cm{ob Np-m-sc-m-fpw, cmjv{Sob thiy-Isf-mfpw \oN-a\
-
- p-If
- mWv F kphn-tij
hmIyw ]cnx-nXn kv{Xo ZfnX \yq\] a\p-jym-hI
- mi hnIk\ {]ta-b
- fpsS t]cn km-tZ-iob [\-Im-cy-ò-I-cX
(finance terrorism) bvpthn ]Wn-sb-Sp-p
am[ya Iqen-p m]-\
- pw, F.-Pn.H. B ssZh-q-Sm-c-pw _m[-I-am-Wv.
\yq\-hy-nXz ]cm-[o-\X
- I
- a\p-jy-kl
- P
- a
- mWv. AXv Fm a\p-jy-cnepw ASn-n-S
- p-v.
Fm ANyp-Xm-\
- s
- \-tmse ZoL-Im-ec
- m{ob Pohn-Xa
- p Hcmv Fsmw ]cm-[o\-XI
- Dm-bm-epw, cm{ob Pohn-Xm-y-n
kw`-hn-n-cn-p Cu A]-`wKw lrZ-bt- `-ZI
- am-Wv. A_vZp dhq^pw ANyp-Xm-\-\pw
"Cym-hn-j' F \oXn-\ym-b{- Xm-ns CcpX-p-If
- p-am-bn-n-Sv At\ym-\y-kl
- h
- Xzw
{]Jym-]n-p-tm F.-Pn.-H. cm{o-b
- ns
IpSne _pn Hcp ]pcp-jm-bpv s]mXp-Po-hn-X60 ]mTw HIvtSm-_ 2013
n-\mbn \on-h a\p-jys AkvXn-Xzms-s s\SpsI henp Iodp-I-bm-Wv.

"Cym-hn-j' F Nm\-ens KqV-cm-{ob
AP Fsv Nm\-ens cm{o-bX
- X
- z-hn-Nmc-n-b
- n-en-cp-v, temI-s-ap-gp-h ]cn-lk
- np am[y-a
-
- c
-
- m Adn-mepw Adn-ns-n-epw, Ah BcpsS ]Wn-bm-bp-[
- f
- mbn
Ipcp acn-p-Ib
- m-sWv Adn-bm-\p hntij-_pn ae-bm-fn-Iv ssItamiw hn-n-.
Cu P\p-ns am[y-a
m-]\
-
- ANypXm-\-s cm{ob cm-IXrXzw A\p-`-hnn-v, BZn-a[
- ym-
- ]nn [-bp-\
- m-SI-ns Ay-n, ANyp-Xm-\
- s\ X{]qw Nhn-n-
- m {ian-p-Xv \mw IpsIm-n-cn-p-p. F.-Pn.H cm{o-bs sInp-Wv C\nbpsam-c--n _mey-aptm
F-t\z-jn-p ANyp-Xm-\
- s\ ]p\-cp-c
- np-sImphcm Hcp dhq-^n-\pw, Hcp hnhctZmjI-ojWpw Ignp Fp-hc
- n-.
CS-Xp-] cmjv{So-b
- n XpSn he-Xp] Xo{h-hmZ cm{o-b
- n Ah-km-\a
- t- \zjn-p ANyp-Xm-\
- C\nbpw tIc-fo-bc
- psS
cmjv{So-ba
- \
-
- n Ah-ti-jn-p-X
- v, Atlw
apIm-e--en \S-n-bn-p Fs-nepw
krn-]-c-amb s]mXp-{]-h-\-n t]cn-e. CS-Xp-] cm{o-bh
- p-ambn At-l
- ns
\maw XmZm-y-s-n-cn-pp FXp sImpa ^p \oem--m-cpsS Xmf-n-s\mv
BSn-f
- n-p sImp-cm-a\
- mbn ]cn-h-\s
- nSpw, ANyp-Xm-\
- P\-a\
-
- n Ah-ti-jnp--Xv, a\p-jy-a-\-ns A]-t_m-[-n
Aap-In-S-p hK CUzn-hn-Uz-ens\
Dt-Pn-n-m At-l
- ns sNbvXn-Ip
Ign-bp-pv F-Xn-\m BWv. A]-t_m-[w,
FXv t_m[- a - \ - ns bpn- ` - { Z- X sb
XIm thp {]mIr-Xh
- o-cy-am PpXz-amWv Fv t{^mbnUv ]d-bp-p-v. Ccp-fns
A[n-Imcw Fp kphn-ti-j
- n hnti-jn-np-Xv kmaq-lyhpw hwio-bh
- p-amb A]-t_m[-ns A[n-Imc kzcq-]-s-bm-Wv. CtX
A[n-Imc kzcq-]
- ns Xs BJym-\c
- q-]
- fn- s em- m- W v ,
\yq\- h y- n- X z- s a- - X v .
{]mIrXPp-Xz-t{]-cW
- I
- f
- psS kzcq]w F-Xns\-m-tf-sd, kzXzhpw kmaq-ly-]c
- n-n-Xnbpw
Xn-ep {]Xn-{]-h-\-n \nv D-am-hp \ntj-[m-I
- a
- mb kmaqly LS-\bmWv, \yq\-hy-n-Xzw. \yq\-hy-nXz t{]c-Wbm-Wv, kn.-]n.-Fw. \v Fp kw`-hn-m-epw, ]nWdmbn hnP-bs\ sImebvp sImSp-n-m-bm-epw,
CS-Xp-] cmjv{So-b
- n XpSn he-Xp-] Xo{h-hmZ cm{o-b
- n
Ah-km-\a
- t- \z-jn-p ANyp-Xm-\
- C\nbpw tIc-fo-bc
- psS cmjv{So-ba
- \
- n Ah-ti-jn-p-X
- v, Atlw apIm-e
- e
- n \S-n-bn-p Fsnepw krn-]c
- a
- mb s]mXp-{]-h-\
- n t]cn-e
- . CS-Xp-] cm{o-bhp-ambn At-l-ns \maw XmZm-y-s-n-cn-pp FXp sImp-a
^p \oem-
- m-cpsS Xmf-n-s\mv BSn-f
- n-p sImp-cm-a\
- mbn ]cnh-\s
- -nSpw, ANyp-Xm-\
- P\-a\
-
- n Ah-ti-jn-p-X
- v, a\p-jy-a\-ns A]-t_m-[
- n Aap-In-S
- p hK CUzn-hn-Uz-ens\ DtPn-n-m At-l
- ns sNbvXn-Ip Ign-bp-pv F-Xn-\m BWv.
A]-t_m-[w, FXv t_m[-a\
-
- ns bpn-`{- Z-Xsb XIm thp
{]mIr-X-ho-cy-am Pp-Xz-amWv Fv t{^mbnUv ]d-bp-p-v. Ccp-fns
A[n-Imcw Fp kphn-ti-j
- n hnti-jn-n-p-Xv kmaq-lyhpw hwiob-hp-amb A]-t_m-[-ns A[n-Imc kzcq-]-s-bm-Wv. CtX A[n-Imc
kzcq-]-ns Xs BJym-\-cq-]--fn-sem-m-Wv, \yq\-hy-n-Xz-sa--Xv.
{]mIrXPp-Xz-t{]-cW
- I
- f
- psS kzcq]w F-Xn-s\-m-tf-sd, kzXzhpw kmaqly-]-cn-n-Xnbpw Xn-ep {]Xn-{]-h-\-n \nv D--am-hp
\ntj-[m-I
- a
- mb kmaqly LS-\b
- mWv, \yq\-hy-n-Xzw. \yq\-hy-nXz
t{]c-W-bm-Wv, kn.-]n.-Fw. \v Fp kw`-hn-m-epw, ]nW-dmbn hnP-bs\
sImebvp sImSp-n-m-bm-epw, X\nbvv kn.-]n.-Fw.\pn AP-a
- mb B[n]-Xyhpw P\-\m-bI
-
- m-\h
- pw, ]me-sadn A[n-Im-c]
- Z- hpw ssIb-S
- m
Ign-bW
- s
- a ANyp-Xm-\
- s \ne-]m-Sn sXfn-p-Im-Wp-X
- v.
X\nbvv kn.-]n.-Fw.\pn AP-a
- mb B[n]-Xyhpw P\-\m-b-I-m-\-hpw, ]me-sadn
A[n-Im-c-]-Zhpw ssIb-S-m Ign-b-W-sa
ANyp-Xm-\-s \ne-]m-Sn sXfn-p-Im-Wp-Xv. Xs Imcyw Fm-bn-S
- pw, \S-W
- s
- am-{K-ln-ptXmsSmw, Xs Zmc-kp-Xcpw
kpJn-W
- s
- av C{X-ta Xo{h-ambn B{K-lnp asm-cm Cy Iyq-Wnv Ncn-{Xn Dm-bn-n-. aI-\mb AcpIp-am-dn\p
am{X-a-, Hc-I--_-p-hmb tkma-\p-t]m-epw,
henb t\- Dm-n-sm-Sp-m thm-sXmw sNbvXp Iqnb ANyp-Xm-\
- \yq\hy-n-hm-[n-jvTn-Xa
- mb C-bpsS ]nXr-kz-cq]w
Xs-bm-Wv. Xs Zmc-kp-XkpJn-p-tm,
A\y-cmb ]nW-dm-bn-bpw, Xs kX-kl
- N
- mcn-If
- m-bn-cp t\Xm- Hsbpw AXn-Jn-cm-hW
- s
- av Atlw B{K-ln-p-p. AXp hn._n. sNdn-bm-\m-bm-epw, temdkm-bm-epw, App--\m-bm-epw, tImSn-tb-cn-bm-bmepw Ah-scmsbpw Fs-nepw {]bm-k
- f
- nsv AXnJn-c
- m-bn-o-cp-Xp ImWp-hm thn kzw
Du-in [qpambn Zphybw sNp-Xn Atlw A]m-c-amb B\w A\p-`-hnp-p. Fm a\p-jy-cnepw \yq\-hy-n-bpsS
kmn- y- a pv Fnepw \yq\- h y- nsb
AXns amXr-Im-cq-]
- n Ah-Xc
- n-n-p-sImm-W,v ANyp-Xm-\
- , ap-h
- c
- n Xs B[n]-Xy-ap-d
- n-X
- v. [oc-\mb t]mcm-fn-bmWv Atlw. \nin-X-amb imTy-_p-n-tbmsS Atlw
\nc-cw bpw sNbvXp. Ghpw HSp-hn-es
]ng-hp-I kn.-kn.-p-n Gp-]d
- b
- p-X
- n-\pap]v ]{X-te-JI
- t- cmSv Atlw ]d-Xv: ""Ahscmpw ]d-m A\p-kc
- n-ph\ Rm
F-dnp IqsS \nv?'' Fm-bn-cpp
P\-p apn kzbw hnai\w \S-msap k-Xn-nv AXn-\p-t\ hn]-co-X-amb
\ne-]mSp kzoI-cn-p-Ibpw, ]c-ky-amb kzbw
hnai-\
- n \nsm-gnp amdn \S-p-Ibpw
sNbvXp-sImv B kJmhv [oc-Xsb Zpc-`n-am\
k- - a m- n. hopw kn.- k n. A[n- I mc
{]tbmKw \S-n-b-tm kzbw hnai\w
FgpXn hmbn-p. AXn-\n-Sb
- nepw ]nW-dmbn hnP]mTw HIvtSm-_ 2013
61
bs s\n\v Ap-hp ]nSn-n-p. cm{ob

Imtcym-]t- Z-iI
-
- m-cmb ^p \oem-
- m ]cnnXn kuJy-n-\p-thn \S-p \mS-In {][m-\-th-j-m-c-\m-bn. Xs Imcy-aJnew \S-W
- s
- a-n, Xs Zmc-kp-Xcpw kpJn-W-sa-n A\y-scms AXn-Jn--cm-h-Wsa-n F Pn H ]cn-nXn cm{o-b
- ns
hm-hm-IW
- s
- av At-l
- n\v Adn-bm Ignp. AXn ]Xn-bn-cn-p kmaq-lyhpw
cm{o-b-hp-amb NXn Xncn--dn-bm-sX-bm-sW-nepw, B [oc-{]-h-\
- ns kpJw A\p-`hnp Xs Imcy-aJ
- new \S-p-X
- n-\v, Xs
Zmc-kp-Xcpw kpJn-p--Xn\v, A\y-scms
AXn-Jn--cmbnocp--Xn\v sske vhmen
apX IpSw-Ipfw hsc-bp bp Fkv Ûv
]cn-nXn bp-]-c--c-I-fpsS Iym]vkn
Atlw Gs-Sp-p. {]Imiv Imcm-ns XpWtbm-sS-bm-W,v bp.-Fk
- .v t- em-_n-bpsS ]np-Wt- bmsS-bm-W,v Atlw tIc-f
- n Iayq-Wnv t\XrXzs ]c-ky-ambn A[n-t-]n--sX-nepw
{]Imiv Imcmv ssIa-en-bn-pw, Atlw
A[o-c\
- m-bn-. [oc-\mb B kJmhv IqSw-Ipfw
Un. ssh.-Fk
- v.]
- n. sb-t- m-gmWv {Ia-ka
- m[m\ `RvP\w F alm-Zpx-s-p-dnv HmXv. Atm Atlw kzw ]Z-hn-Is
- f-p-dnv
t_m[-h-\m-bn. -H-cn-qSnsbnepw apJy-a{ntbm AXp-as
- -n KhWtdm Bbn P\sf B\-n-n-p-hm-\pw, IpSpw-_
- ns kpJku-`m-Ky- hn-n-m\pw A\yscsbms
AXn-Jn--cm-m-\p-ap Ncn-{X-]-c-amb D-chm-Zn-Xz-n \nv Hgnp amdm-\m-hn-. Un.ssh.-F-kv.-]nsb adn-I-S-p-tm-gp-m-Im-hp
{Iak-am-[m\ {]Xn-kn Xs cm{ob `mhnpw, IpSpw-_X
- m-cy-n\pw KpWw sNp-Ibn Fp t_m[y-amb \nan-j
- n IqSw-Ipfp \np-m-Ip-sap `b-s-n-cp tImSn-W-n-\m-fp-I-fpsS hn\m-i-s-p-dn-p
Bi Atlw ]cn-Xy-Pn-p. `bm-i--I-fpsS
]cn-Xym-Ka
- mWv [oc-X. P\-tIm-Sn-If
- psS k\m-is XS-bpI F-Xn-s\-m F{Xtbm
DZm--amWv `mcy-bp-sSbpw Ipn-I-fp-sSbpw
ktm-jhpw ap--h-cpsS AXn-Jn--Xbpw
Bkz-Zn-p-, P\-\m-bI
- [
- o-cX
- b
- psS A[n-Im-c]-Zw. P\-tImSnIfpsS hn\m-ia
- m-bn-o-cp Hcp
]-Xn-s-Xnsc bp-n-\n-d
- nb [oc kJmhn\v A-s\-sbmcp ]-Xn-s-Xn-sc-bp ]Ssbm-cp-
- n \np-]n-m-dW
- s
- a tXm
P\n-n-Xv Xan-gv\m-n bp Fkv ^n-s\Xnsc
\nKq-V-a-\p-jy-kvt\l t{]c-W-bn bpw
sNp DZ-bI
- p-am-cs taJ-eb
- n-tebvp ANypXm-\--k-Jm-hns\ ]q-ambpw hnp-sIm-Spm ANyp-Xm-\
- F.-Pn.H cm{o-b
- ns
]nSn-In-m Db-c
- f
- n-tebvp ]dp Ib-dptam
F Bi-\
- n-an-a
- p-mb \oem \nt-iam-bn-cp-p-shpw hcmw. P\-t\-Xm-hns A[nIm-c]
- Z-
- n-en-cp-p-sIm-v, ]mn-bpsS HutZymKnI ]s AXn-Jn--am-m-\p ]Xn
]mfp-tm kptcjv ]n-n-s\-m hne-W-amb Hcp \mb-Is
- sh-Ir-Xa
- mbn ANyp-Xm-\ amdp-p-sh-nepw At-ls ae-bm-fns s]mXp-a\
-
- n \nv A{X Ffp-
- n
Cd-n-\nm Ign-bp-Ib
- n-. Hmtcm ae-bm-fa-\-nepw \n{Zm-W-am-bn-n-S-p \yq\-hynsb ANyp-Xm-\
- hnfn-p-Wp-Ibpw apdpsI-p-Wc
- p-Ibpw sNbvXn-cn-p-p. Hcp P\-ka
- ql-s-bmsI "kzm'ns `bm-\-I-amb
B\-
- qv A\p-`h
- n-n-m ANyp-Xm-\
- \p
Ign-bp-p-v. sI.-B.-Ku-cn-b
- bvtm Fw hn
cmL-h-\p-t]m-eptam s]mXp-a-\-nse hK
CUn-hn-Uz-ens\ C{Xbvv B-ht- msS
D-cnsSpm Ign-n-n-. ANyp-Xm-\
- s
A]m-ca
- mb P\-{]o-Xnsb kw_-n At\z-jW-ns Dcw ]e-Im-c-W--fn sIp-]nWp InS-p-p. AXn BZy-tXv {]m\-ns hgn-]n-g t]mn-s\-Xnsc Hcm Iem]-i_
- vZa
- p-bp-tm, A-cs
- amcp \ntj[w
B{K-ln-n-cp CS-Xp-] a\v B Iem-]i
- _vZs _lp-am-\n-p-p FXpw B Iem-]i_vZw Dbnn hyn-Xz-ns \yq\-Xm-ev]cy- \n-]
- qw ad-p-If
- b
- pp Fp-Xp-am-Wv. cm-at- Xv B Iem]i_vZs
CS- X p- ] - - h n- c p- - i - n- I cm{o- b - a mbn
{]tbm-P\
- s
- -Sp-m {ian-p-Ibpw, [\-Imcy
sImtfm-Wn-b-enkw he-Xp-] Xo{h-hm-Zns am[y-a-hy-h-lm-c-fpw IpX-{-fpw
{]tbm-Knv hna-X-\n \nv B ssZh-_nw_s Dm-Zn-n-m {ian-p-Ibpw AXv Hcp
km-tZ-iob AP--bpsS `mK-am-bn-o-cpIbpw sNpp F-Xm-Wv. ap]-d cp
Imc-W--fp-sSbpw B\p-Iqeyw \-s--tijhpw, ANyp-Xm-\
- s hna-X_
- nw_w Ctmgpw
dp-sN-s
- -SmsX Ime-n Xqn-bm-Sp-X
- n\p-Im-cw, B _nw_w s]mXp-k-aq-l-a-\-n
\nn-]vX-amb \yq\-hynt{]c-W-I-fp-ambn
XmZmyw {]m]n-n-cn-p-p F-Xm-Wv.
IS-mSv : Vulgar Individual, Social Individual and
the Essential Man : Diego Maralles.
]mTw
s]mfn-n- sUkvIv
cm-bn-cn aqns XpS--n "]mTw' CSXp-] cm{ob-n kw`-hn-n-cn-p [\Imcy km{am-PyXz CS-s]-S-ens\ kw_-n
hnai-\-ap--bn--tm, AXns hkvXp \njvTamb AS-bm-f- F \ne-bn-emWv tXmakv
sFk-n-sbpw ]cn-j
- n-sbpw t\p hnc
Nqn-b-Xv. km-tZ-io-b-X-e-n bpssW-Uv
tvkv GPkn t^m C\m-j-W sUhe-vsa v (USAID) BWv tIm-tdv apX-em-fn-ns [\-Im-cy-A-[n-\n-th-i-n\v t\XrXzw
sImSp--Xv. Zmcn-{Zy-\nm-\w, kv{Xoim-oI-c-Ww, {Kma-kz-bw-`-cWw Fn--s\-bp {]--fpsS hnem-k-n tZi-cm-{-sf inYn-eoI-cn-p-hm-\pw, tZi-cm-{-f
- psS ssiYn-ey-ns
]m--e-n hn]-Wn-bpsS km-[n-]-Xyn\v hgn-sbm-cp-p-hm\pw thn-bp KqV-]- X n- I - f mWv USAID Bkq- { XWw sNbv X - X v .
cm{ob ey-sf \nKq-V-h-evI-cn-p-sImpw
Fm hnI-k\w F AP-sb s]mn-pIm-Wn-p-sImpw USAID Bhn-jvI-cn [\-Imcy
sImtfm-Wn-b \o--fpsS Ip-ap\ {Kmnsbpw hmbv]-bp-sSbpw cq]-n-ep ^nwKv
Xs-bm-bn-cp-p. Dm-Z-\\ aqeys kaqew
An-a-dn-p hn]-Wn-bpsS km-[n-]Xyn
Pohn-X
- ns ka-kvXL
- S- I
-
- fpw Nc-p-hcn--s-p. hymh-km-bn-Ihpw Imjn-I-hp-amb
D---fpsS Nc-p-h-c-W-tm-sSmw
Xs {]Ir- X n- Z - hpw ]mcn- n- X n- I - h p- a mb
Akw-kvIrX hn`-h-fpw Nc-p-h-cn--sp. kpn-c-hn-I-k-\-sav sXmbn ae-bm-f-n
]cn-`m-j-s-Sp-n-bn-cn-p k-bn-\-_n Uhe- v s a v FXv hnI- k - \ s kw_- n
IrXy-amb Hcp \n_--\-bm-bn-cp-p. "k-bn-\_n Uh-e-vsa v' F kw{]-Xybw km-tZiob Xe-n hy.-h-l-cn--s-Sp--Xv, DmZ\
\nc-t]--amb hnI-k\w F IrXy-amb Ahn-h--tbmsSbmWv. km-tZ-io-b-X-e-n
USAID bpw temI-_mpw tNp \S-n-em-nb
A[n-Im-c-hn-tI-{o-I-cW ]-Xn-bpsS ss]ev
t{]mPv Bb ]m-bp sehk--bn-\_v
Uh-e-vsa v m\nwKv BWv ]noSv tIc-f-n
P\-Io-bm-kq-{XW ]Xn F- t]cn, kzm{ib
Abq {lkz-hmbv]m kwL--fpsS hym]\-n\p XpS--an--Xv. C.-Fw.-F-n-s\, ]d-p]-n-mWv Cu USAID ]-Xn-v, tIc-f-n
{]th-i\w t\Sn-sb-Sp-Xv Fv Fw.-]n. ]c-taiz-c Xpdp k-Xn-p-p-v. CXv USAID ]Xn-bmWv Fp hkvXp-X-bpw, Cy cm{L-S-\-bpsS inYn-eo-I-c-W-amWv CXns ey-sap hkvXp-X-bpw, k-bn-\-_n Uh-e-vsa v
FXv Dm-Z\
- m-[n-jvTn-Xa- mb hnI-k\
- s ]cnn-Xn-bpsS t]cn D]-tcm-[n-pI F IpSne
cm{o-b-X-{s adhp sNp kw{]-Xy-bamWv Fp hkvXp-Xbpw ]mn-bn \npw
P\--fn \npw ad-p-hp sImmWv tXmakv
sFkv k- b n- \ - _ n hnI- k \ns
t{]mPv tIc-f-n\S-n-em-n-sb-Sp-p--Xn\v
]Xn-\mdp tImSn cq] I--Sp \S-p
{]h-\-n\p t\XrXzw \In-b-Xv. hntZ-ip-\np [\-k-lmbw Inp-sa H-m-c-Wm, k-bn-\-_n Uh-e-vsa v F A`ymks Cy kwm-\
- s
- fmw Xs kzm`mhn-Ia- mbpw kzmKXw sNbvXp-sh-nepw CS-Xp-]
tIc-f-n A-s\-sbmcp USAID ]Xn \S]mTw HIvtSm-_ 2013
63
n-em-p--Xn\p {]Xn-_---fp-m-m-Xn-cnm thn- b mWv USAID ]c- t a- i z- c - s bpw

sFk-n-sbpw amIvknv te_ D]-tbm-Knv
X{-]qw Icp- \on-b-Xv.
k-bn-\-_n hn-I-k-\hpw
kv{Xoim-o-I-c-W-ns cm{o-bhpw
k-bn-\-_n Uh-e-vsa v FmWv "kbn' sN-s-S-W-sav \n_-n-n-cn-p-Xv
F-Xn-s\-n At\z-jn-p-tm-gm-Wv, knwl-hme Ipc--\n XpSn lcnXhmZn Fw.-F.-Fam-cn sN-sn \np \h-tIm-f-Wo-I-c-Wns D]-Ic
- W kwLm-Xs
- -n kmam-\y-amb
[mc-W-bp-m-hp--Xv. "k-bn' F ]Z-n\v
"kpncw' Fv Aw Ipdn-p-sIm-Sp-p
hnaq-V-`m-jm-]m-vXy-n\p Xsbpw, AXsb Hcp apJw aqSn-bmbn D]-tbm-Kn-p-sImv
cm{ob h\ km[y-am-m Ign-bp-p-v.
USAID bpw temI-_mpw IqSn {]Nm-c
- n-em-nb
Cu kw{]-Xy-b-ns cm{ob ey-s-n
At\z-jn-p-hm-\p D-c-hm-ZnXzw Cy CSXp-]--ns `mKp \np-m-bn-.
]cn- nXnsb AXm- b n- s k- b n
sNbvXp-sIm-p hnI-k-\-s-bmWv USAID
k-bn\-_n Uh-e
- vsa v F kw{]-Xy-b
- neqsS Ah-X-cn-n-p-Xv. ùa-]-cn-nXn FXv
Z-amb ùa-{]-Ir-Xn-p-ta a\p-jy \S-nb
CS-s]-S-ens DamWv. AXp-sImp Xs
ùa-{]-IrXn LS-\-bvp-ta a\p-jy \S-p
CS-s]-S-ep-I Ah-km-\n-n-p-sIm-p hnIk\w am{Xta ]mSpq F hmZw, ùa-{]-Ir-XnbpsS D-c-Xsb D]-tcm-[n-p-I-bmWp sNp-Xv. CXv ]cn-nXn kwc--W-a-, ]cn-nXn
bmYm- n- X n- I - X m- h mZ (conservativism) amWv .
Fs\ Bbn-cptm AXmbn \ne-\npI
FXv (conserve) FXv amn-a-dn-pI F
k-ev]-\-ns hn]-co-X-amWv. ùa-{]-Ir-Xnsb
AXm-bn-s \ne-\nn-sm-p Dev]mZ\w am{Xta ]mSpq F-XmWv k-bn-\-_n
hnI-k-\-n \nn-]vX-am-bn-cn-p Bi-bw.
Hcp `mKv DZm-c-h-ev-cWw F Bi-bs
{]N-cn-n-p-I-bpw, kmt-Xn-I-hn-Zy-bpsS kvt^mS\m-I hfsb Dbn-n-Sn-p-Ibpw hnh-ckm-t-Xn-I-hn-Zy-bpsS Ap-X-I-c-amb km-I- X sbn D]- \ y- k n- p- I bpw sNp [\ImcyapX-em-fnw Xs-bmWv Ftm
Iskth-n hnk-ns adp-X-e-bv \npsImv ]cn-nXn hn-hs XS-bn-Sm {ianp--Xv. ùa-ùXnI ]cn-k-c-n-\p-ta ]pXnb
ktX-sf ]co-n-v, ùa-ù-XnI ]cn-k-cn \nv ]pXn-sbmcp ]cn-nXn aqeyw cq]s-Sp-p-tm-gm-Wv, ]cn-nXn km--I-am-bno-cp--Xv. ùa--ù-XnI {]Ir-Xn-bn CS-s]-SpIbpw AXns D-c-Xsb ]pd-p-sImp hcpIbpw sNp {]h- \ - a mWv Dm- Z \w.
Dm-Z-\-ns t\hpw DS-a--Xbpw aqe-[-\i-n-I kq-ambn ]nSn-s-Sp-p-I-bpw, aqe[-\-i-n-Iv t\cnv CS-s]-Sm Ign-bm
ùa--es Nc-p-h-cn-pI (commodify)
bpw sNpI F X{-ns `mK-am-bm-Wv,
ùa-{]-Ir-Xn-bnepw ùa-ù-XnI ]cn-n-Xn-bn-epap _rl-mb Dm-Z\ CS-s]-S-ep-Isf D]tcm-[n-p "k-bn-\-_n hnI-k\w' F
D]m[n USAID - temI-_mv m]-\- aptmp-h--Xv. AXm-bXv ùa--ù-XnI ]cn-n-Xn-bn
CS- s ]v Dm- Z \w \S- p- - X ns IpI
ssIb-S-p--Xn-\pw, Ahn-I-knX hnI-kz-c-cm-{m- ] - \ - sf ]cn- n- X n- b n CS- s ]- p- s Imp Dm-Z-\-n \nv H-gn-hm-n-sb-Sp-p-Xn\pw thn-bm-Wv, ]cn-n-Xn-bn CS-s]-SmsX, ]cn-n-Xnsb AXm-bn-s Iskhv
sNbv X p- s Im- p k- b n- \ - _ n hnI- k - \ ns hgn tIm-tdv aqe-[-\-i-n-I aqmw
temI-cm-Py--fpsS apn Ah-X-cn-n--Xv. am{Xa-, ]cn-nXn aqeys Du-h-ev-cn-p
_rl-mb Dm-Z-\-]--Xn-Isf Hgn-hm-p
k-bn-\_
- n Uh-e
- vsa v t{]mm-ln-n-p-Xn-\p-thn tIm-tdv aqe-[-\-i-n-I-fpsS
^nwKv GPkn-I tImSn-I {Kmmbpw
hmbv]-bmbpw Ahn-I-knX hnI-kzc cmPy--fnse-mSpw hn\y-kn-p-Ibpapm-bn. Dm-Z-\an-msX Xs hnI-k\w kmy-am-hp-sapw;
AXns {]Xy--amb sXfn-hmWv tIc-f-ns
hnI-k-\-am-XrI Fpw dnmUv {^mnbpw
tXmakv sFkpw {]kvXm-hn-Xv Cu kml-Ncy-n-em-Wv. Dm-Z-\-ns Ip-I-hcWw (monopolisation of production) F
tIm-tdv aqe-[-\-i-n-I-fpsS AP \S-nem-p--Xn-\v, _rlXv Dm-Z\ taJ-e-I-fn
\nv tIm-tdv apX-em-fn-t-Xc m]-\-sf
Hgn-hm-p-X
- n-\p-th-n-bmWv k-bn-\_
- n Uhe-vsa v F Bibw USAID aptm-p-h--Xv.
tIm-tdv apX-em-fnw hn`m-h-\-sN-p Xcnep eLp D]-t`m-K-D-- \nn-p-Xn\v s]p- aXn-bm-hp-sa-pw, Acw
Dm-Z-\-ns {lkzm-Jym-\- Hcn-epw
tIm-tdv apX-em-fn--ns Dm-Z\ _rlZm-Jym-bn-I-Ipw hn]-W-\-n\pw shp-hn-fn-
I-fp-bp-I-bn Fpw Dd-p--Xp-sIm-m-Wv,

eLp-X-c-Dm-Z\ tI{o-Ir-X-hpw, hntI-{o-Ir-Xhp-amb Dm-Z\ kwcw-`-sf USAID BJymbn-Im-Im-c-m BZih-ev-cn--Xv. Dm-Z\w
C- c - n eLp- X - a - k m- [ m- c - W - a mbnocpIbpw, _rlXv Dm-Z-\m-Jym-bn-I-I Hgn-hm-s-Sp-Ibpw sNp kml-N-cy-n ssat{Imss^-\mknwKv hmbv]m m]-\--sf, D]-Pohn-p {lkz-am\ Dm-Z\
-
- f
- psS alna km{Xn-I-ambn hmgv-s-p. ssat{Im ss^\mknwKns\ D]-Po-hn-p kv{Xokzm-{i-b-kw-L-fpw
Abq-
- fpw Dm-Z\
-
- ns \n-lW
-
- n\mbn \ntbm-Kn--s-Sp-Ibpw sNdp-InS Dm-Z\
GI-I--fn-eq-sS Dm-Z\w hntI-{o-I-cn--sSpbpw sNbvXp. Ccw sNdp-InS Dm-Z\ kwcw`- - f n kv{XoIv
Ghpw
{]nb- - c ambnoXv ]mN-I-hym]m- c hpw ASp- - f - t m- \nm-Whpw sagp-Ip-Xncn
\nm- W - h p- a m- b n- c p- p.
tkmp- \ nmW cwKtbvv Hcp ]pcp-j-\mb
tXmakv sFk- ns
t\Xr-Xz-n kv{XoI
IS-s-p-Ibpw ankvtacn
F t]cp tkmp\nn-p-Ibpw sNbvXp-shnepw, hntZ-i-^-nwKpw
km ^nw- K p- a p
F.- P n.- H . Cu kwcw- ` n\p ]nn Dm-bnp
IqSn ankvtacn hn]-Wn-bn
]cm-P-b-s-Sp-I-bm-Wv Dm-b-Xv. USAID hn`m-h\
sNbv X amXr- I - b n- e p kv { Xokw- L - ,
KhsatXc kwL-]c-
- c- b
- psS `mK-amWv Fnepw, Ahbvv tI{--kw-m\ km-cp-I-fn
\nv ]e Xpd-I-fn-embn tImSn--W-n\v ]Ww
hybw sNm ku`m-Ky-ap-m-bn. kuP-\y-[\
- k
- lm- b - k u- ` m- K y- n- \ p- ] p- d - t a, ssat{Im- s s^\mknwKv m]-\--fn \nv ]en-ibvv
Khsa v k_vkn-Un-tbm-Sp-IqSnb hmbv]e
- `- n-npw, A_-e-I-fmb kv{Xok-aq-l-n\v Dm-Z-\cw-Kv cmPy-ns kZv ]cm-[o-\X
- I
- sf Bizkn-n-p Hcp apt--hp-ap-m-m Ign-n-.
Bkq-{X-Wh
- I
- pv hy-amb IW-p-I \ncn
ASn-h-c-bnp ]d-n-cn-p Imcy-am-Wn-Xv.
kv { Xo kaq- l - ns sXmgn insb
hmbv]m hym]m-c-n-s-bpw, [\-Zphy-b-n-
sbpw a-e-n-se-nv Ie-n--f-bp Cu

{]{In-b-bmWv kv{Xoim-o-I-cWw F \nebn BtLm-jn--s--Xv. tIm-td-n-Xc DmZ-\-a--es iI-eo-I-cn-p-Ibpw kv{Xoam-{XtI-{o-Ir-X-hpw, hmbv]m tI{o-Ir-X-hp-am-pI
F-Xv, tIm-tdv apX-em-fn--ns IrXyamb km-n-I-X-{-am-bn-cp-p. tIm-tdv apXem-fnw CXn-\Iw Ip-I-h-cnp Ign
Devm-Z-\-ns _rl-Zm-Jym-bn-I-I-tfmSv a-cnm tbmKy-X-bn-m- Dm-Z-\-kw-cw-`--fmWv, hnI-kz-c--A-hn-I-knX cmPy-m-h-iy-ap- s X- v , USAID knm- n- p. kv { XoI- f psS
{lkz-X-e-Iq-m-bva-I-fn \np-m-hp D-, hn]-Wn-bn tIm-tdv apXemfn--n\v
Hcp-]-{Z-hhpw Dm-p-I-bn Fp-d-p--Xp-sImm-Wv, kv{Xoam-{X-tI-{oIr-X-amb Dm-Z-\ ae- n- t ev ^p- I
shn-p-dp hn-Xv.
kv{XotI-{o-IrX kzm{ib
Abq-
- {]mtbm-KnI-X-e-n ê-{]-Z-amb
Hcp Dm-Z-\hpw \S-nbn-. B `mKp \npmb Dm- Z - \ - k w- c w- ` tns\ kw_-nn-St- mfw {]Xn-km-
- nI (counter economic)
ambn ocp-Ibpw sNbvXp.
Khsans [\-Imcy
{Kmp-I-fpsS D]-t`m-mhmbn amdnb kv{Xo
kzm{ib
kwL-
Dm-Z-\-s-m AXyp-mlw {]Zin-n-Xv
BtKm-f-X-e-n hym]np Ign ssat{Im
ss^\mknwKv _nkn-\-n-em-Wv. hnI-kz-c
Ahn-I-knX cmPy--fnse kv{Xok-aq-l-s-bmsI, tIm-tdv apX-em-fn-w, AXns an-[-\Imcyw hmbv]-bpsS cq]-n hn-gn-p--Xn\v
\ntbm-Kn--tm Cy-bnse {KmaoW kv{Xokaq-lhpw {lkz-hmbv] hn-gn-p--Xn-\p hn]Wn-bmbn ssIImcyw sN-s-p. Cp tIc-fn km- c ns cm- I Xr- X z- n
{]hn-p t\mK-hsa kv{Xokzm{ib kwL--fpw, kzImcy kmap-Zm-bnI kv{Xo
kzm-{ib kwL-fpw tIm-tdv apX-em-fnw
[\-Imcy m]-\--fn-eqsS ]tcm--ambn hn\ykn-n-cn-p [\-Imcy an-aq-ey-ns hn]-Wnbmbn amdn-bn-cn-p-p. k-bn-\-_n hnI-k-\]mTw HIvtSm-_ 2013
65
tmSp s]mcp--s-Sp kv{Xoenw-K-hr-Xamb Dm-Z-\w, {lkz-hm-bv]m-hn-]-W-\-ns

ad-bmbnocp-I-bpw, ta-]--Xn-I-fpw, Zpcn-Xmizm- k - ] - - X n- I - f p- a ps- s S- b p tIm- t dv
^nwKv ]-Xn-I-fpsS \S-n-p-Im-cpw, {lkzhm-bv]m-hym-]m-c-ns m\--fp-ambn amdnb
kv{Xo kzm{ib Abq-- {]Xn--km-nI {]h-\-ns Xpcp-p-I-fm-bn-o-cpIbpw sNbvXp. tIm-tdv apX-em-fn--ns
Dev]m-Z-\-Ip-Ih-cWw F eys
ap\n-dp-n-bpw, hn]-Wn-km-[n-]Xyw F
eyw km[y-am-p--Xn-\p-th-n-bpw, tImtdv apX-em-fn--ns an [\-Imcyw Idkn
cq]-n {KmaoW XrW-aq-eX
- e
-
- f
- n ssat{Im
ss^\mkv k{-Zm-b
- n hn-gn-pXn\p-thnbpw, tIm-tdv Nc-p-I-fp-sSbpw an [\Imcynsbpw hn]-Wn-bmbn hnI-kn-X--A-hn-IknX cmPy--fnse P\-Xsb ]cn-hn-n-p-Xn-\p-th-nbpw USAID km-tZ-io-b-X-e-n
Bhn-jvI-cn kv{Xokzm-{ib Abq-m-bvaIsf ap\nn-bmWv kv{Xo-im-o-I-cWw
F kw{]-Xybw temI-sapw {]N-cn-n--Xv.
hmbv]m-_m-yX Gs-Sp-p--Xp-sImv Hcp
kv{Xobpw "kzm{ibw' F Ah--bnsentcp-n-. hmbv]m-h-cWw kzm{ibh-c-Wns hn]-co-Xa- m-sW-nepw, hmbv], k_vkn-Un,
kuP-\y-[-\-k-lm-bw, Zpcn-Xm-izm-k-k-lmbw
Fn--s\-bp [\-Imcy DS--Sn-I-fnepw Dcp-ph- n- I - f nepw Pohn- pXn\p- t hn \ne\nns ssIIm-ep-Isf [\-Im-cy-ap-X-em-fn-ns HuZm-cy-n-\p-thn aS-p-Ibpw HSn-pIbpw sNbvXp sImSp kv{Xo kaq-l-ns
B-l-Xym-]-c-amb Poh-\-s-bm-Wv, kv{Xo-imo-I-cWw Fp hnfn-p--Xv.
Dm-Z-\-ns Afhnepw KpW-n-ep-ap-mIp A[x-n-X-h-c-W-ns ]m--en-em-Wv, kv{Xoam-{X-tI-{o-Ir-X-amb sNdp-InS
Dm-Z-\-v CW-p sXmgn inkv{Xo-bm-sW Xocp-am-\-ap-m-b-Xv. cm{-ns
km-nI hyh--bn bmsXmcp kzm[o-\hpw
sNep- m- \ m- h m s]cn- s ^- d /amPn- \ /
{]m- h - e v rX Dm- Z \ {]h- \ - n\p
sImm-hp--h s]p- Bb-Xp-sIm-m-Wv,
BWp-sf Acw Dm-Z\ {]h-\-n
\nv Hgn-hm-n-bX
- v. Dm-Z\ {]h\w s]p-fn-tebvp ]cn-an-X-s-Sp-pI am{X-a-, kmnI hyh-sb kzm[o-\n-p-hm Ign-bp
tI{ob Dev]m-Z-\-ns Ignhpw angnhpw IpIbpw tIm-td-p-Iv Ah-Im-i-s--Xm-sW66 ]mTw HIvtSm-_ 2013
pw, Acw Dm-Z-\-kw-cw-`-p sImm-h-cpw, Fm hntI-{o-IrX {]mob DmZ\ kwcw-`-p sImp--h-cp-amWv s]p Fsmcp hnh-bpw k-bn-\-_n hnIk-\-]q-c-I-amb A[n-Im-c-hn-tI-{o-I-cW P\-Iobm-kq-{XW L-n cq]-s-Sp-I-bp-m-bn.
kv{Xo A_-e-enw-K-hn-`mKw (weaker sex) BbXp-sIm-mWv ]miz-hr-Xhpw A_-eo-IrXhpw (weakered) Bb Dm- Z - \ - ns
kq-amb D-c-hm-Zn-Xzhpw kv{Xo-kzm-{ib
kwL--fn-se-n-t-Xv. kztX Zp-e-bmb
kv { Xo, hmbv ] - b psS K`w- [ - c n- m- e p- m- h p
Dev]m-Z-\w, cm{-k-Zv hyh-sb kw_-n-nS-tmfw Nm ]n-bmWv Fv m]n-s-Sp-m\p Ah-k-chpw kv{Xo kzm{ib kwL--fneq-mbn hp. kv{Xobvtm--]p-cp-jt\m kzm{ibXzw FXv A\p-h-Z-\o-b-amb Hc-h--b-. ]ckv]-cm-{i-b-nse kp-en-X-Xz-am-Wv. kzmX{yw
Dm-Z-\-n-t\m, {]Xypm-Z-\-nt\m kv{Xo
kv{Xosb--stbm, ]pcp-j ]pcp-j-s\-stbm B{i-bn-pp Fp ]d-bp kzm{ibXzw Akw-_--am-Wv. hmbv] ]cm-{i-b-Xz-am-Wv.
AXv ]c-kv]-cm-{i-b-Xz-tam, kzm{i-b-Xztam A.
kv { Xo- k zm- { i- b - q- m- b v a - s b- - X pw, sk^v
ss^\mknwKv m]-\s
- a-Xpw kzm{i-bX
- ztam
]c-kv]-cm-{i-b-Xztam A. AXv ]cm-{i-b-Xz-hpw,
]mc-X-{y-hp-am-Wv. AXn-sem-s-s D-as B[n-]-Xyhpw A[-as ssZ\y-Xbpw
AS-n-n-S-p-v. Hcp hnZymn kzm{i-b-kz-Xzambnocp--Xv, hnZym-`ym-k-s-e-hn-\p XpI,
A-\--am-cn \nv ssI-m Ign-bmsX [\Im-cy-m-]-\--fn \nv hmbv] hmp-tmgmWv, Ahs Pohn-Xs [\-Im-cy-m-]-\ns Ne sImp apdp-p-tm-gmWv!! Hcp
hnZym-`ym-k-m-]\w kzm{i-b-am-bn-o-cp--Xv,
hnZym- ` ym- k - m- ] \w \S- n- n- \ p ]Ww
km-cn \np ssI-m-sX, DtZym-Kmn-Ifn \npw cm- I m- - f n \npw
]sm sNbvXp ]nSn-s-Sp-p-tm-gmWv!!
Cs\ sIm-Ww \Im-\p tijn cmIm-n-m-Xp sImv, Ah [\-Imcy-m-]-\--fn \np ]Ww IS-sa-Sp-p-I-bpw,
kzm{i-bXzw Fv Ctm hyh-l-cn--s-Sp
]cm-{i-b-Xz-ò-I-c-X-bpsS BXy-n-I-Kp-W-t`m-mhv, [\-Im-cy-ap-X-em-fn--amWv Fv shfn-s-SpIbpw sNp-p. km-cns Ap-i-X-am\w
]en-i-k-_vknUn apX, CS-\n-e-m-c-\mb hnZym`ymk hym]m-cn-bn-eqsS dqv sN-s-Sp hmbv]m
]W-ns an-aqeyw hsc ssIb-S-p-Xv [\-
ks-bn-\-_n hnI-k-\m-kq-{X-W-X-e-n {]m-h-cn--s kv{Xo

tI{o-Ir-X-amb Dm-Z\qm-bva-I, kmaq-lyhpw cm{o-b-hp-amb Agn-aXn-bn-ep kmt-Xn-Ihpw {]mtbm-Kn-I-hp-amb ]m-fn--n kv{XoIv
hn apt--apmhp--Xn\p Imc-W-am-bn-op. tIc-f-ns {KmaoW
kZv LS-\sb kwc-np \nn-bn-cp km--I-am-b kv{Xo sXmgn
insbbmWv, hmbv]m s]Iq---fpsS {]mob Dm-Z\ kwcw-`--fmn
shn-sbm-Xp-n--f--Xv. tXmw taJ-e, s\r-jn-ta-J-e, ssIdn taJe, Iip-hn taJ-e, ay-hn-]-W\ taJ-e, Ib taJe Fn-h-b-S-p
tIc-f-ns kwL-SnX ]mcn-n-XnI Dm-Z-\-ta-J-e-bm-Wv, tIc-f-ns
auenI k-ZvL-S-\sb Fm-ehpw kwc-np \nn-bn-cp--Xv. C-d
]mcn-n-XnI Dm-Z\ taJ-e-I-fnsemw apJy-sXm-gn inbm-bn-cp
kv { Xobv v ]mcn- n- X nI sXmgn- e n- S - Ac- n- X - - f mbnocp- I - b pw,
Ahsb Ir{Xn-a-izmtkmzm-k-n-eqsS \ne-\nt-p Hc-h--bn Ah
Fmw Xs {]Xn-km--nI Dm-Z\ taJ-e-I-fmbnocp-Ibpw sNbvXp.
]cn-nXn hn`-hw, ]cn-nXn k-m-bn-o-cp--Xv, Ah-bpsS ]mcn-nXnI Dm-Z\tijn hnI-kn-n-s-Sp-m Ign-bp-tm-gmWv. k-bn-\-_n
hnI-k\saXv ]cn-nXn t#mI\y-Im-Xzs \ne-\nn-sm-p ]mcnn-XnI {]Xn-{]-h-\s Hgn-hm-n-sm-p-, ]mcn-n-Xn-tImmZ\ \nc-t]--amb hnI-k-\-am-Wv.
Imcy apX-em-fn--am-Wv. kv{Xosb kaqew A[a- h - c n- p- I - b pw, Dm- Z - \ - ns
{]mob a-e-n _n-p-Ibpw sNp-{]-h-\-s-bmWv kv{Xokzm-{i-b-Xz-sa-pw,
kv{Xoim-o-I-c-W-sapw hnfn-p--Xv. Fw]-hdnwKv A F ô_vfnwKv BWv ChnsS kw`hn-p--Xv. D]-t`m-m--fn\nv \m-ncp iX-am\w hsc ]eni CuSm-p ssat{Im
ss^\mknwKv m]-\- Cv Cy-bn
{]hn-p-p-v. [\-Imcyw sIm--en-ibvv
hn-gn-p Ccw m]-\-v Cy
{KmaoW hyh--bn thtcm--ap-m-bXv A[nIm-c-hn-tI-{o-I-c-W-ns ad-hn kv{Xokzm{ib Abq-- cq]-s-Sp-Ibpw, Ah
ssat{Im ss^\mknw-Kns am[y-a-am-bn-o-cpIbpw sNbvX-tXm-sS-bm-Wv.
ssat{Im ss^\mknw-Kns km--I-amb
Bhn-jvImcw \S-nb t{ijvT F \ne-bnem-Wv, apl-Zv bq\kv _wm-tZ-ins t\m_
km- \ - X m- c - a m- b n- o- X v . Cv apl- Zv
bq\pkpw ssat{Im ss^\mkpw _wm-tZ-ins
A`n-i-]vXm-\p-`-h-ambn amdn-bn-cn-p-p. Ctm
bq\p-kn-\p- h Ah-Im-i-hm-Z--fn-. Iodn-dn Hcp kZv hyh--bp-sS, cqV-Zm-cn-{Zy-
ns, I-t\m-p-hym-]m-c-ns, I--S-ns, òI-c-hm-Z-]-cn-io-e\ tI{--fpsS `bm-\-Iamb Ah--bmbn amdn-bn-cn-pp _wm-tZ-iv.

A[n-Im-c-hn-tI-{o-I-c-W-s-p-dn-v, Xti P\m[n- ] - X y- s - p- d n- v , sFkpw {^mnbpw
tNs-gp-Xnb ]pkvX-I-n lnem-cn-n
Ds-sS-bp k-\-p-I ap-IWvTw Btjn al-Zv bq\p-kns ssat{Im ss^\mkv
Hcp _wm-tZiv Zpc--ambn Ncn-{X-n-se-gp-X-sn-cn-p-p. tIc-f
- n Ah-Xc
- n-n-s
- BtKmf-h-ev-cW Iem-cq-]--fmb kv{Xo kzm{ib
Abq---fp-sSbpw ssat{Im-ss^-\mknw-Knsbpw P\- b n- X mhv Up- a pJw aqSn- b - W n
USAID ]-Xn-bmb PLDP BWv Fv CDS s
Xt-i-P-\m-[n-]-Xy-]--Xn-sb-p-dn-p
dntmn Jn-X-am-bn--d-bp-p-s-nepw
tIc-f-n Cu s]Iq---fp-sS-sbmw P\-bnXm-hmbn Adn-b-s-Sp--Xv Hcp amIvknv apJwaqSn thj-am-Wv. USAID sb tIc-f-n-tebvp
Hfnp ISnsmp-h amIvknp {]s CXnssbms ]nXm-hmbn Ah-tcm-[np-X
- n, Hfn-hngn-bp P\-bn-Xm-hn\v AXnc kwXr-]vXn-bm-Wp--Xv. CXv [\-Imcy apX-emfnw \S-nb \nKq-V-_o-P-k--e-\-am-sW-n]mTw HIvtSm-_ 2013
67
epw, CXn-s-sbms ]nXm-hmbn Ah-tcm-[npXn, Hfn-hngn-bp P\-bn-Xm-hn\v AXnc kwXr-]vXn-bm-Wp--Xv. CXv [\-Im-cy-ap-X-emfnw \S-nb \nKq-V-_o-P-k--e-\-am-sW-nepw, CXn-s-sbms ]nXm-hmbn A`n-\-bn-m
amIvknv te_-e-Wn Hcmsf InpI FXv
USAID bpsS ku`m-Ky-am-Wv.
ks-bn-\-_n hnI-k-\m-kq-{X-W-X-e-n
{]m-h-cn--s kv{Xo tI{o-Ir-X-amb
Dm-Z\qm-bva-I, kmaq-lyhpw cm{o-b-hpamb Agn-a-Xn-bn-ep kmt-Xn-Ihpw {]mtbm-KnI-hp-amb ]m-fn--n
kv { XoIv hn apt- apmhp- - X n\p Imc- W - a m- b nop. tIc-f-ns {KmaoW
kZv LS- \ sb kwc- np
\nn-bn-cp km--I-am-b
kv{Xo
sXmgn
insbbmWv,
hmbv]m
s]Iq- - - f psS {]mob
Dm-Z\ kwcw-`--fmn shnsbm- X p- n- - f - - X v . tXmw
taJ- e , s\r- j n- t a- J - e ,
ssIdn taJ- e , Iip- h n
taJ-e, ay-hn-]-W\ taJ-e,
Ib taJe Fn-h-b-S-p
tIc-f-ns kwL-SnX ]mcnn-XnI Dm-Z-\-ta-J-e-bm-Wv,
tIc-f
- ns auenI k-ZvLS- \
- sb Fm-ehpw
kwc-np \nn-bn-cp--Xv. C-d ]mcn-nXnI Dm-Z\ taJ-e-I-fnsemw apJy-sXm-gn
inbm-bn-cp kv{Xobvv ]mcn-n-XnI sXmgnen-S- Ac-n-X--fmbnocp-I-bpw, Ahsb
Ir{Xn-ai
- zmtkmzm-k
- n-eqsS \ne-\nt-p
Hc-h
- b
- n Ah Fmw Xs {]Xn-km-
- nI
Dm-Z\ taJ-e-I-fmbnocp-Ibpw sNbvXp. ]cnnXn hn`-hw, ]cn-nXn k-m-bn-o-cp-Xv, Ah-bpsS ]mcn-n-XnI Dm-Z\tijn hnIkn-n-s-Sp-m Ign-bp-tm-gmWv. k-bn-\-_n
hnI-k\saXv ]cn-nXn t#mI\y-Im-Xzs
\ne-\nn-sm-p ]mcn-n-XnI {]Xn-{]h-\s Hgn-hm-n-sm-p-, ]mcn-n-XntImm-Z\ \nc-t]--amb hnI-k-\-am-Wv. Ac-samcp hnI-k-\-n-tebvp {i-Xn-cn-p-hn-Sp-Xn-eqsS ]mcn-n-Xn-tImm-Z\ tI{o-Ir-X-am-b
hnI-k-\-n kv{Xop ]v dp sN-s-SpIbpw kv{XobpsS sXmgnin {]m-hrX
Dm-Z-\-{]-h-\--fn-tebvp ]cn-anX hevcn--s-Sp-Ibpw sNbvXp. tIc-f-ns ]c--cm68 ]mTw HIvtSm-_ 2013
KX ]mcn- n- X n- t Imm- Z \ {]h- \ - ntesn-cp kv{Xo sXmgn insb temI_m-n-sbpw, USAID bpsSbpw km-tZ-iob
"ta'Imcy- ] - - X n- I Gs- S p- p- \ - S - p
hmbv]m-hym-]m-c-q---fmn A[--Xn-n-p
{]h-\-s-bmWv kv{Xoim-o-I-cWw Fphn-ti-jn-n-p--Xv. ssewKn-I-sm-gn hn]p-e\w, FbvUvkv ip{iq-j, BtImbva
s]tImbv a X- sf ap\n- d p- n- b p
s]Iq-m-bva-I Fnh kv{Xoim-o-I-cW
{]h-\--fpsS `mK-sa \ne-bn, kv{Xo
Nqj-W-n-s\-Xn-sc-bp Bi-b-sf {]N-cn-np-p-s-ntm-epw,
kv{XobpsS sXmgn insb
enwK-h-ev-cn-p-I-bpw, AXnssew-Kn-I-X-bn-eqsS AXns
kmaq- l y- k m- - I - X - s btmn- - f - b p- I - b pw, ên kv { XobpsS Akv X nXzs enwK-tI-{o-Ir-X-amb
hne- t ]- i {]h- \ - a m- nov Ah-a-Xn-s-Sp-p-Ibpw, sNpI FXv [\-Imcy
apX-em-fn--ns KqV-amb
Xm- c y- a m- W v . sXmgn- e ns
aqeys icocw sImpw
enwKw sImpw A[x-I-cn-pI
F-Xv, Azm-\-aq-eys hnebn-Snp Imp-X
- n-\p D]m-[n-bm-bn-on-cn-pp. BtIm-bva-bn-se--t]mse s]tImbvam
tI{o-Ir-X-am-b kzm{ib Abq--]--Xn-I-fnepw, kv{XobpsS sXmgnin {Iqc-ambn A]am-\n--s-Sp-p-sh-n AXn-\p-Im-cWw cn-S-fnepw apX-em-fn-
- ns Azm-\a- q-ey-\n-cmk
Xm-cy- X{-]-c-amb hnPbw ssIh-cnppshXp Xs-bm-Wv. ssewKnIsmgn-emWv, kv{XobpsS ImX-emb sXmgn Fp ]d-bpn-S-v, kv{Xo Hcp sXmgn in-bmbnocpI-b-, adnv ssewKnI am-nse Ncv F
\ne-bn hn-gn--s-Sp-I-bm-Wp-m-hp--Xv.
k-bn-\-_n hnI-k-\-n, Bhm-k-hy-h-bnse, A[n-hm-km--I-amb \nn-Xn-v,
Dm-Z-\-n\v {]k-n-bp-m-hp-n-. Fm
A-]q-amb Dm-Z-\-fpw A[n-hm-kns AS-bm-f--fm-Wv. a\p-jy\v BIm-i-kmcw kmy-a F-Xv, {]Ir-Xn-\n-n-X-amb
Bhm-k-\n-b-a-am-Wv. Fm BIm-i-hn-am-\-saXv Bhm-k\
- n-ba-
- n\p ta m]n-s
- -Sp
A[n-hm-k-ns AS-bm-f-am-Wv. {]IrXn ùa-k-
-m-bn-cn-p-tm Xs B ùa-k--nt a\p-jy \S-p {]Xn-{]-h-\-n-eqsS-bm-Wv, ùa-k--ns Dm-Z-\--aX shfns-Sp--Xv. {]IrXn k-n \nv Dm-Z-\n-eqsS km-Zy-ns cq]- Bhn-jv-cnp-tm-gm-Wv, k-Zvhy-h--bpsS {]iv\-
Dm-hp--Xv. ùa-{]-Ir-Xn-p-ta \S-p
Dm-Z-\-]-c-amb P\-Iob {]Xn-{]-h-\s
D]-tcm-[n-pI F-Xv, B[p-\nI apX-em-fn-ns km-nI DS-am-X-{-am-Wv.
]Zm-hn-e-b-hy-h-bpw (Eco system)
]cn-n-Xnbpw (Environment)
ùa-{]-Ir-Xnsb, Poh-Pm-e--fpsS Bhm-k-hyh-sb AXm-bn-s \ne-\np--Xn-s\-b, AXns Dev]m-Z-\--a-Xsb shfn-s-Sp-p
CS-s]-Se
- n-s\-bmWv ]cn-nXn {]h\w Fp
]d-bp--Xv. DZm-l-c-W-n\v Bhmk hyh-bnse `y-irw-Je (food chain) bvpta a\pjy \S-n-b In-th-j-\n \nv, Hcp `y]-cn-nXn Bhn-jvI-cn-m a\p-jy\p Ign-bpp. Hmtcm kaq-l-n\pw AXn-t-Xmb `-Wio-ehpw cpNn-t`-Z-fpw Dm-hp-I-bpw, AXv hyXncn---fmb `y-kw-kvIm-c-cq-]--fm-bn-o-cpIbpw sNp-p. `y-irw-J-e-bn am\-hn-I-amb
CS-s]-S Dm-hp-tm-gmWv Cs\ am\-hn-Iamb `y-]-cn-nXn cq]-s-Sp--Xv. {]mIr-X-amb
`y-irw-J-e-bnse CS-s]-S `y-irw-J-e-bpsS
hnIm-k-n\p Imc-W-am-hpp F-Xp-sIm-p-Xs AXp ]cn-nXn {]h-\-am-Wv. ùa-{]Ir-Xn-bpsS Dm-Z-\--a-Xsb XIp CSs]-S-ep-IsfbmWv, ]cn-nXn hncp {]h\- s ap hnfn- t - - X v . Dm- Z - \ - - a - X - b neqsSbmWv, ]cn-nXn \ne-\n-s-Sp-Xv
F-XmWv AXn-\p-Im-c-Ww. DZm-l-c-W-n\v Pn.Fw. hnp-I ]cp-n-hn-f-I-fpsS ans Dc-Xsb Cm-Xm-p-p. Irjn {]Xy--n Hcp
]cn-nXn hncp--{]-h-\-ambn ]cn-K-Wn--sSm-dn-s-n-epw, Hmtcm an-\-nepw \nn-]vX-ambn-cn-p D-c-Xsb Cm-Xm-p-Ibpw an\s hyw-I-cn-p-Ibpw sNp hnp-IfpsS {]tbmKw, ans Dm- Z - \ - ] - c - a mb
BbpssZLys Cm- X m- p- I - b pw, ]cnnXn \mi- n\p Imc- W - a mbnocp- I bpw
sNp-p. AtX-k-abw, an-\-ns Dm-Z-\-a-Xsb hn-n-p hntm hftam "]cnnXn'sb hnI-kn-n-s-Sp-p-Ib
- mWv sNp-X
- v.
]cn-n-Xnsb {]Ir-XnbpsS Dm-Z-\-a-X-bn
\np-ths]-Sp-n-smp \n-Nn-m-\m-hn-.
otdm-bnUv sImSpp sImgp-n-p
Cdntmgn, ]cn-n-Xn-hn-cp--amb ]nrjnbm-Wv. Dm-Z\

-
- a- X
- b
- n ambw Iep-Ibpw,
D- c - X sb D]- t cm- [ n- p- I bpw sNp- Xp
sImmWv Ccw {]h-\- ]cn-nXn
hncp CS-s]-S-ep-I-fm-bn-o-cp--Xv.
]cn-nXn imkv{X-hpw, ]cn-nXn {]h\hpw, Dm-Z-\s D]-tcm-[n-p--Xn-\p
imkv{X-sa \ne-bn-epw, am-sa \ne-bnepw
hnh-n--s-Sp timN-\o-b-amb Hc-h--bnemWv Cp \mw Fn-tn-cn-p--Xv. "]cnnXn Zp-e-{]-tZiw' F k-ev]\w Xs
sXmb A- n- e mWv ChnsS km[m- c - W bmbn {]tbm-Kn--s-Sp--Xv. Dujc ùa-{]-IrXnsb kmam-\y-ambn ]cn-nXn Zpe {]tZ-isap hnfn-m-sa-nepw, Duj-c-sav BXy-nI-ambn hn[n Fgp-Xm-hp Hcp -{]-tZ-ihpw `qanbn Dv Fp ]dp IqSm. _mo-cnb apX
Imm-arKw hsc-bp ssPh-cq-]-fpw cmk-]Zmfpw `qan-bn ]e-X-c-nepw cq]-n-epamWv hn\y-kn--s-n-cn-p--Xv. ùa-]m-fn-Ifpw
`qK`--p-Ifpw, hmX-I-]m-fn-I-fp-samw a\p-jyi-co-c-nse hyql-sftmse-Xs {Ia-_-am-bn--s-bm-Wv, {]IrXnbn hn\y-kn--s-ncn-p--Xv. Fm AtN-X-\-p-ta ktNX-\--fpsS {]Xn-{]-h-\-am-Wv ]cn-nXn cq]s-Sp-p--Xv. Acw {]h-\--fpsS êambn AtN-X-\--fn-t Dm-Zn-n--s-Sp
\nn-Xn-I-fpsS BsI-p-I-bmWv ]cn-n-Xn.
ùa-]m-fn-I-fp-sSbpw inem-]m-fn-I-fp-sSbpw Pe-]mfn-I-fp-sS-bpw {]Ir-Xn-]-c-amb hn\ym-k-hpw, ùa]m-fn-I-fpw hmX-I-]m-fn-Ifpw Xn-ep {]Xn-{]h-\-hp-samw ktN-X-\--fpsS CS-s]-S-ep-Ifn-eqsS ]p\x-{I-ao-I-cn--s-Sp-p-v. AtN-X-\p-ta Ghpw henb Af-hn \nnXn
{]h\w \S-m Ign-bp ktN-X-\-amWv
a\p-jy. Irjn-bpsS Bh-iy-n-\p-thn Imehj- - f n Pe- { ]- f - b s D]- t cm- [ n- p
{]h\w ]cn-nXn {]h\w Xs-bm-Wv.
hc `qX-e--fn-tebvp \om-ep-I shnp-d-v, Duj-c-`q-an-bn Pe-hn-Xm-\--fp-m-pXpw, `q{]-Ir-Xn-bpsS D-cX
- sb hn-n-p
{]h-\-am-bXp sImv AXpw ]cn-nXn
{]h\w Xs-bm-Wv. Z-amb ùa-{]-Ir-Xnbp-ambn Fs\ {]Xn-{]-hn-pp FXns ASn-m-\-n-emWv {]Xn-{]-h\w ]cnnXn {]h-\-amtWm ]cn-nXnhncp--{]h-\-amtWm Fp \n-bn-p-Xv. {]mNo\- I m- e - - f n Dm- b - X mbn Ncn- { X- n
ImWp alm- { ]- f - b - tfm, AXn- h r- ntbm,
]mTw HIvtSm-_ 2013
69
A\m-hr-ntbm, sImSp-m-p-Itfm Hpw Xs

a\p-jy-\nnXn Imc-W-am-bp-mb ]Zm-hn-eb-{I-a-hy-h--bpsS XInSw adn-n-ep-I-fm-bn-cpn. An ]-X-fpsS {]tIm-]-\-ap-m-hp
{]tZ- i - - f n hsc, a\p- j y A[n- h m- k - { ]h-\-n-eqsS Hcp Bhmk ]cn-nXn \nnn-p-v. A-c-n ùa-L-S-\-sbbpw Poh-Pme- h n- \ ym- k - L - S - \ - s bbpw amn- a - d nv Ahsb
IqSpX Dm- Z - t \m- p- J - a m- n- op
{]h-\-amWv ]cn-nXn {]h-\w. ùahpw
A[n-ù-a-hp-amb LS-I--fpsS A\p-c-RvP-\-amWv, Ftm hyh--bn-ep--Xv. Jc-am-bmepw {Zham-bmepw hmX-I-am-bmepw Du-ambn cq]m-c-s-Sp-sa-p--Xp-sIm-v, mh-tcmw NmetIm-ambpw adnpw ]cn-hn--s-Sp-sa-p-Xp-sIm-v, Acw ]cn-h-\-ns henb
kvt^mS-\- a\p-jys CS-s]-S IqSmsX
Xs Ftm-kn-s amn-a-dn-m-dp-v. Hcp
I{Xo-\m-p-ge
- ntbm {]f-btam kp\m-antbm Ftm
Ikth- j F ks XInSw
adnpshp-h-cmw.
a\p-jy-\nn-X-amb ]mcn-n-XnI ew,
{]Ir-Xn-bn \npw, a\p-jy-\n \npw shphn-fn-I t\cn-Sp-p-v. ]mcn-n-Xn-I-amb DmZ-\-h-\-hn\v ùa A-[n-ù-a-hy-h-sb kam-p-tm, Acw CS-s]-S-ep-I krn-]-camb ]cn-nXn {]h-\-am-bn-o-cp-p. adnv
ùam-[n-ùa hyh--bnepw AXns {]mIrX
kp-en-X-Xz-nepw kw`r-X-am-bn-cn-p DmZ-\-ti-jnsb XIp CS-s]-S-ep-I, ]cnnXn hncp--am-bn-o-cp-p. {]Ir-Xn-Z--amb
]Zm-LS- \
- m-k
- p-e\
-
- n a\p-jys CS-s]S IqSmsX Xs hnkvt^m-S-\--fp-m-hp-Ibpw, ùam-[n-ù-a-L-S-\-bn a\p-jy-\nn-Xn-I-fneqsS cq]-s ]mcn-n-XnI krn-]-cX inYn-eambnocp-Ibpw sNp-p-v. ]mcn-n-XnI
LS\ \nc--c-amb Dm-Z\{Inb-bn-eqsS amn\p hnt[-b-am-bn-o-cp-p-v. Ftm-k-p-enX- X z- s a- Xv `qan- b psS D- n- p- t ijw
Pothm-n-bpsS Ime-sa-p-tm Xs amn
Fgp-X-s-Sp-p-v. a\p-jys CS-s]-S sImv
apIm-e--fn ASn-Sn Dm-Im-dp `qI-\--tfm, {]f-b--tfm, \nb-{n--s-n-p-v.
Ftm- h y- h - - b n kw`r- X - a m- b n- c n- p
Dus ]e cq]--fn-tebvpw ]cn-hnn-s-Sp-m Ignp FXp sImv ]e {]IrXn-tm-`--sfbpw \nb-{n-m a\p-jy-\p-I-gnn-p-v. ]cn-Wma Ncn{Xw ]cn-tim-[n-p-tm
Poh-Pm-e--fn Znt\m-k apX hen-sbmcp
]n\v hwi-\miw kw`-hn-n-p-v. Cu hwi-\m-in\p ImcWw a\p-jys CS-s]-S-e-. t`mm

hnj-hm-X-I-Zp-c--n am{X-a-, Ima-dq XSmI-nse hnj-hm-X-I-Zp-c--nepw H-\-h[n t]
acn-n-p-v. ]cn-nXn {]h-\-sa-Xv Ftmkn--n \np kzm`m-hn-I-am-bp-m-hp ]mcnn-XnI \mi-sbpw a\p-jy-\nn-X-amb ]mcnn-XnI \mi-sbpw Htc-t]mse t\cn-SpI F
{]h-\-am-Wv. Z amb ùam-[n-ù-a {]IrXn
hyh-sb AtX-]Sn \ne-\nn-bmepw hn
]mcn-n-XnI \mi--fp-m-hmw. {]]--ns
]cn-Wma Ncn-{X-n a\p-jys Cm-in CSs]-Sp--tXm-sS-bmWv Z-amb {]Ir-Xn-bn \nc-ca- m-bp-m-bn-sm-n-cp kvt^mS-\m-I
- a- mb
hn\m-i-p AXn-cp-I-fp-m-hp--Xv. Pohn-temI-nse ]e-hw-im-he
- n-Ifpw ]cn-Wm-a
- ns ]e
L--fn-embn `qap-Jp \nv A{]-Xy--am-bnp-v. \ne-\n-ev]n-\p-th-n-bp ka-c-hpw, _ehms AXn-Po-h-\-hp-sa {]IrXn \nb-a-a-\p-kcnv AkwJyw Pohn-hw-im-h-en-I `qap-J-p\nv A{]-Xy--am-hp-Ibpw, ko-amb ]e
Pohn-hw-i-fpw `qap-Jv Dmbn hcp-Ibpw
sNbvXn-p-v. Hcp AW-s-p-\nn-m knwlhm-e Ipcv Cm-sX-bmbnocp-sap k-Ss-Sp--h, Pohn-I-fpsS Bhm-k-hy-h--bvv,
ùa-LS- \
- bvv BLm-Xa- p-m-hp-sav Bi-s
- Sp--h, ]e Pohn-hw-i--sf-bpw, ]e Bhm-khy-h--I-sfbpw ùa-L-S-\-I-sfbpw amn adnp Hcp XpS {]h-\-am-bn-cpp ]cn-Wm-a{Inb F hkvXpX adp t]mIp-p. Hns\
AXm-bn--s \ne-\np-I-bpw KpW-]-c-amb
{]Xypm- Z - \ s XpS{]- h - \ - a m- nop-Ibpw sNbvX-Xn a\p-jys Cm-inv hfsc \nm-bI
- a- mb ]p-\n-ln-m
Ign-n-p-v. k-bn-\-_n-enn F khpw, Bbp-ns ZoL-Ime \ne-\np-samw
a\p-jys Cm-in-bpsS D-
- f
- mWv F
hkvXpX Pohn {]am-W-hmZ (Bio centrism) ns
hm- hnkva-cn-p-p. k-bn-\-_n-enn
FXv {]Ir-Xn-bn kzbw `qhm-Ip--X-, adnv
a\p-jy-tI-{o-Ir-X-am-b, a\p-jys Cm-i-nbn cq]-s-Sp k-ev-\-am-Wv. ]cn-n-Xn-bpw,
]mcn-n-Xn-tImm-Z-\hpw, {]Ir-Xn-[-n
a\p-jys (]p-cp-j-s) Cm-in CS-s]-Sptm cq]-s-Sp {]{In-b-I-fmWv.
k-bn-\-_n-enn Fm....
km-cn-tKm-{X--fpw, mh-c-tKm-{X-fpw
Xn- e p {]Xn- { ]- h - \ - n \nm- W v ,
mhcw (stability) nXn ssZLyw (durabil-
ity) \ne-\n tijn (sustainability) Fn-s\-bp k-\- cq]-s--Xv. a\p-jy-Pohs\ \ne-\np--Xn\v (sustenane) \v, ê-hr--fpw, ]n-ar-Km-Zn-Ifpw {]mIr-X-tKm-{X-k-aql- p {]tbm- P - \ - s - n- p- v . Z- a mb
{]IrXn hn`-h-sf AtX-]Sn D]-Po-hn-pI
FXv {]mIrX Pohn-X-ssi-en-bm-bn-cp-p. a\pjy \nnXn {]h-\- Bcw-`n-p-I-bpw,
a\p- j y- P o- h s\ nc- a mbn Hcn- S p \ne\np hnf-I Dm-Zn-n-p-Ibpw sNp-tXmsS \ne-\nti-jn, {]Ir-Xn-bn \np
e`n-p Zm\-sa--Xn-t\-m-tfsd a\p-jys
Azm-\-_-e-ns D--amWv F Ah
Dm- b n. ]Zm {]]- - n- t A[n- ] mZmnI (meta material) amb asmcp D-{]-]w a\p-jy\p krn-m Ign--tXmsS
"mhcw' (stability) F-Xv, a\p-jys\ Nne
khn- t ij e- - f p- a mbn _n- p- I - b pw,
ew kzXz-ns sFU-n-bpsS AS-bm-f-ambn-o-cp-Ibpw sNbvXp. ew mh-c-hpw,
kabw khn-ti-j-amb Afhpw A\-\y-X-bpsS
AS-bm-f-am-bn-op. Nme-Ihpw mh-chpw
F \ne-bn ehpw Imehpw hn]-co-X-fmWv Fn-epw, Ah- -X-n-ep kw{K-Y-\hpw
kp-en-X-Xz-hp-amWv a\p-jys\ \n-ln-p--Xv.
e-n-s\--t]mse Ime-n\pw Af-hp-I-fpm-btXmsS a\p-jyn-S-bn e-n-sbpw
Ime-n-sbpw henb Af-hp-I kz-am-m\p a-c--fp-m-bn. e-ns Ime-nsbpw henb Af-hp-I kz-am-m-\p ac--fp-m-bn. e-nsbpw henb Af-hp-Ifp-ambn {]Xn-{]-hn-p-hm Ign-bphpw,
DS-a-m-h-Imiw ssI-S-m Ign-bp--hpw,
Ime-ns henb Af-hp-I-sfbpw kz-am-m
Ign-p. kzXz-ns e-]-chpw Ime-]-c-hpamb A[n-Imc hf-sb-bmWv Ncn-{X-n
k{amv Fp hnti-jn-n-p--Xv. Imew FXv
mh-c-ns \ne-\np-tijn \n-bn-p
Af-hp-Iq-Sn-bm-bn-op. AtX-k-a-bw, Imehpw
ehpw ]q-ambpw a\p-jy-\nn-Xn-I-fm-Wv.
a\p-jys {]hrnhym]m-cs \n_-n-p
Af-hp-If
- m-Wv. amw ]Zm {]]-
- ns \nba-am-Wv, F-Xn-\m Fmw \iz-ca- m-Wv, Fsmcp
t_m[w {]mIrX a\p-jy-\n-ep-mbn Fn-epw, B
t_m[-tmSv a-cn-p-sImv mh-c-Xz-ns
hym]vXn hn-n-p-hm-\p {ia-fpw a\pjys `mK-p-\n-p-m-bn. mh-cXzw (stability) Pohn-X-ns Hcm-h-iy-amWv F-Xp-t]mse
Nme-I-Xzhpw Pohn-X-ns Bh-iy-am-Wv. Hcm
ùXn-Ia- mbn Cm-Xm-hpp F-Xp-sImv, AbmfpsS \ne-\nev]v `qan-bn Cm-Xm-hp-n-. AbmfpsS \ne-\nev]v e-n \nv Ime-ntebvv IS-p-I-bm-Wp-m-hp--Xv. AXp Po\pI-fn-eq-sS-bm-hmw, Abm kmaq-lyhpw ]ZmnI-hp-amb temI-tmSp \S-nb {]Xn-{]-h\--fpsS am\-kn-Ihpw ùXn-I-hp-amb D--fn-eq-sS-bm-hmw. Hcp Xe-ap-d-bn \nv A\-c
Xe-ap-d-bn-tebvp IS-p-tm, Hcp Xe-ap-dbpsS mh-c-ns {]k-mw-i- A\-c-X-e-ap-d-bn-tebvp ssIamw sN-s-Sp-I-bm-Wv.
\ne-\np tijn k-bn-\-_n-en-n, FXp
kwc-n--s-Sp-Xv Hcp ]Zm-cq]w AXns
KpW-]-c-amb AkvXnXzw Ime-nepw enepw AS-bm-f-s-Sp-p-tm-gm-Wv. a\p-jy-cmin
\ne-\n-evpXv ]mZmnI temI-mWv FXn-\m, a\p-jys mh-c-Xzs ]Zm-temI-hp-ambn {]Xn-{]-hnv D---fp-m-ptm a\p-jy\pw ]Zm-tem-Ihpw Htc-t]mse
k-bn sN-s-Sp-p. k-bn-\_
- n-enn FXv
\ne-\n aX FXv Dm-Z-\m-[n-jvTn-Xam-Wv. Ime-n-sbpw e-n-sbpw LS-\I
-
amdp-sa-Xp amd-W-sa-Xpw A\n-hm-cy-am-Wv.
Hcm Abm-fpsS ùXn-I-i-co-c-ns {_-Ncy- t am, I\y- I m- X ztam \ne- \ nn- s m- ,
Abm-fpsS ]nX-e-apd (progeny) bneq-sS-bm-Wv.
\ne-\n aX F-Xv, mh-c-Xz-t{]-c-Wbm-Wv. AXv Dm-Z-\--a-X-bn-eqsSbmWv, {_N-cy-n-eq-sStbm I\ym-I-Xz-n-eq-sStbm A
\nd-th--s-Sp--Xv. {]Ir-Xn-p-ta ]pcp-j
DXvm-Z-\-]-c-ambn {]Xn-{]-hn-p--Xpw, Hcp
tdn-n-s\-tmse {]Ir-Xnsb D]-tbm-Knv Nnbmbn hen-s-dn-bp-Xpw Xn thXn-cn--dnbm Ign-b-Ww. {]Ir-Xn-bpsS I\y-Im-Xzs
kv]in-m-sX, t\mhn-m-sX, {]Ir-Xnsb AXmbn-s \ne-\np Xc-n-ep {]m-hevrX Dm-Z\ {]{In-b-I-fn ]pcp-j (a-\pjy) GsSW-sap \n_-n-p--Xn-\p-]nn {]hn-p--Xv. \h-\m-Wb apX-em-fn-ns emt`--I-fm-Wv. \ne-\n aX (k-bn-\-_n-en-n) F k-s-s Aoh-ev-cn-p `mjm {]h-\-amWv temI_mpw, USAID bpw tNp \S-n-sm-n-cnp-Xv.
Dm-Z-\-nse AXn-{Iaw (excess), Dm-Z\-\n-cm-k-s-tmse Xs, \ntj-[m--I-am-Wv.
AXp-sImv \ne-\ntijn FXv DmZ-\-n-s, D-c-X-bpsS {Ia-_--X-bn-e-[n-jvTnX-amWv Fv ImWm-hp--Xm-Wv. DZm-l-c-W-n\v
]mTw HIvtSm-_ 2013
71
IpSpw_w FXv kv{Xo]p-cp-j-m-cpsS

{]Xypm- Z \ {Ia- n- e - [ n- j v T n- X - a mWv AXv
Imem-\p-kr-X-ambn \ho-I-cn--s-n-p-v. Hcp
kv{Xov, Hcp ]pcp-j-\n \ntm, Hn-e-[nIw
]pcp-j-m-cn \ntm Ccp-]-tXm-ap-tXm IpnIsf Dm-Zn-n-m Ign-m, AXp P\-scp--n\p ImcWam-bn-o-cp-Ibpw, {]k-hn-p
Ipn-Isf Hs--sbpw B kv{Xov \ne\nm Ign-bmsX t]mhp-Ibpw sNpw. GXp
]pcp-j\pw GXp kv{Xobp-ambpw _-s IpnIsf {]Xypm-Zn-n-m Ign-bp-sa Ah-bn \npw, _lp-`m-cym-Xz-n \npw,
_lp-`Xr-Xz-n \npw, _lp-`m-cymXz-n `mcy-am-cpsS Fw ]cn-an-X-sSp-, _lp-`Xr-Xz-n `m-m-cpsS Fw ]cn-an-X-s-Sp- Fnh- b n \npw GI kv { Xo ]p- c pj
ZmXyw (monogamy) ntebv pw
\op-tm a\p-jy {]Xyp-ev]m-Z-\n\v Af-hp-]c
- a- mb {I\n-ba-
- Isp-I-bm-bn-cp-p. A\n-b-{n-X-amb P\s-cp-s {Ia-_--am-m Ign-bp-Xp- s Im- m- W v , a\p- j ycminv \ne\n aX Dm-hp--Xv. k-bn\- _ n- e nn F- X v , Xmev m- e n- I - a mbn
]n-cn hnf-I X-tijw ans
D-c-X-bpsS BbpssZLys CmXm-p Pn.-Fw. hnp-I-fpsS {]tbm-Ka- . D- c - X - b psS BbpssZLyw
hn-n-p ImjnI {]h-\a- m-Wv.
AXp-t]mse k-bn-\-_n-enn FXv ans
I\yImXzw \ne-\np-X
- n-\p-thn AXn-t
{]tbm-Kn-p B`n-Nm-c-{In-b-b-. In-th-js\
D]-tcm-[n--e-. AXv Bhm-k-hy-h-sb AtX]Sn \ne-\np {]h-\-a-, adnv Bhmk
hyh-sb A[n-hmk {]h\w sImv IqSpX kryp-p-J-hpw, ko-hpw, hnI-kz-c-hpam-p {]h-\-am-Wv.
FmWv k-bn-\_
- n hnI-k\w?
Aan-tXmm-Z-\w, Bh-iy-ns LS-\sb
XInSw adn-p-I-bpw, mh-c-Xz-ns krn-]c-Xsb An-a-dn-p-Ibpw sNp-p. Uyqd-_n-en-nbpw, ZoL-n-cX
- bpw Aan-tXmm-Z\
- _
-
- a- mb
apX-em-fn--ns \nL-p-hn KpW--f-mXmbn amdn-bn-cn-p-p. Hcp Dw ZoL-Imew
D]-tbm-Kn-m Ign-bp-sa-n AXns Dm-Z\-tmXv \nb-{n-t-n-h-cpw. AtXkabw Hcp
Dw Hcp {]mhiyw am{Xw D]-tbm-Knv hens-dn-bm-hp--XmWv Fn, AXv Aan-tXmm72 ]mTw HIvtSm-_ 2013
Z-\-n\v km[q-I-c-W-ap-m-Ipw. Atm Bhiy-ns LS-\sb A-a-dn-p Aan-tXmmZ-\

- n\v D-
- ns ZoL-n-cX Hcp shphn-fn-bm-bn-o-cp-p. ap-Xp-hj-ns D]-tbmK--a-X-bp Hcp Imdns D]-tbm-K--aX Hcp
hj-ambn shn-p-d-bvm t{]cn-n-p-sImv
D-- am-n Xn--bdn hcp-tm
D--ns k-bn-\-_n-enn tNmZyw sNs-Sp-I-bm-Wv. An-a-dn--s-Sp-I-bm-Wv. apX-em-fn-ns Aan-tXmm-Z\w \ne-\n-s-S-Wsa-n, D--ns BbpssZLyw shn-
p-d-bvtn hcp-p. B[p-\nI apX-em-fnw

aptm-p-h-bvp k-bn-\-_n-enn F Bib-n\v cp ey--fm-Wp--Xv. apX-em-fn
Dm-Z-\-nse AXn-{Iaw (excess) FXv, D]t`mr (user) kaq-l-n-tep A{I-a-amWv.
Cu AXn-{I-a-n\p thn e-sam-cp-p
{]h-\-amWv k-bn-\-_n hnI-k-\w.
hnI-kzc Ahn-I-kn-X-cm-Py--fnse CS-\m-gn-Isfmw ]{-p-h-cn-m-X-bmbn amdn-bn-s-n,
Btm samss_-ens Aan-tXmm-Z-\s \ne\nm-\m-hn-. s\m-S-sf ]{-p-h-cn-mX-bmn ]cn-hn-n-p {]h\w hnI-k\-am-bn-o-cp--Xpw, AXp k-bn-\-_n hnI-k\-am-bn-o-cp--Xpw, AXv hn-p-h-cp Btm
samss_ Dm-Z-\-ns AXn-{Ia (excess)
s \ne- \ npp Fp- - X p- s Im- m- W v .
ChnsS k-bn sN-s-Sp-Xp apX-em-fn-ns Aan-X-em-t`-m-hy-h-km-b-am-Wv. an-aq-eyns am\--fm-Wv. GXp-X-c-n-ep Dm-Z-
\--fmWv; hnI-kz-c--A-hn-I-knX cmPy--fnse

GPkn-I \S-t-Xv Fp--Xns Dc-amWv AXv. tIm-tdv D---fpsS amn-n\v bmsXmcp shp-hn-fn-I-fp-ap-bm
{]mob Dm-Z-\-ns {lkzm-Jym-bn-I-I,
tIm-tdv Dm-Z-\-ns _rlm-Zm-Jym-bn-IIv klm-b-am-hp-Ibpw tIm-tdv emt`-mhy-h-km-bs k-bn sNp-Ibpw sNp-p.
IpSpw-_{io amXr-I-bn-ep Acw sNdp-InS
Dm-Z-\-kw-cw-`--fpw, tIm-tdv emt`-m-hyh-km-b-ns {]mo-bm-e-m-c--fm-bn-o-cpp
F-Xp-sImv B hn`m-K-ns-Sp hnI-k\-hpw, tIm-tdv emt`-m-hy-h-km-bs kbn sNp hnI-k\
- s
- ap hnfn-s
- -Sp-p. ]cnn-Xn-bm-Ym-n-Xn-I-Xsb amn-a-dn-p Hcp
_{Im-\w-K-tem BXn-c--n-tbm, hnI-kzc cmPyns Du- k - v hn- n- p- I bpw,
hInS Dm-Z-\-ns km[y-X-I krn-pIbpw sNbvXm AXv tIm-tdv D--fpsS hn]- W nv shp- h nfn Dbpw, AXv
tIm-tdv Dm-Z-\m-Xn-{I-as k-bn sNp--Xn\p XS-- krnpw F-Xn-\m
AXv k-bn-\_
- n hnI-k\
- a-
- . ]cn-n-Xn-bpsS
t]cn Acw Dm-Z-\-p XS-bn-Sp-I-bpw,
]cn-n-Xnsb emt`-m-hy-h-km-bs k-bn
sNp--Xn-\p {]--ambn D]-tbm-Kn-p-Ibpw
sNp-p.
k-bn-\-_n hnI-k-\-sa-, emt`-m-hy-hkm-bm-[n-jvTnX hnI-k-\-ns `mK-am-Wv, {lkzhmbv ] m tI{o- I r- X - a mb kzm{ib Ab
s]Iq-m-bva-I. AanX emt`-m-hy-h-km-bns `mK-ambn Ipp-Iq-p an-aq-eyw, aqe-[\-n kvt^mS-\m--I-amb hfbvp ImcW-am-bn-o-cp-p. Cu aqe-[-\-anamsI-s
Dm-Z-\-n \nt-]n-m Ign-bmsX hcpp. ImcWw Dm-Z-\-cw-Kv kvt^mS-\m-I
hf-bp-s-ntm-epw, D]-t`mr kaq-ln \nv (user society) D]-t`mr (consumer)
kaq-l-n-tebvp s]mXp Pohn-Xs Xncn-phn-Sm Ign-n-p-v Fn-epw, D-
- ns D]tbm- K - - a - X - s b- b pw, (utility) Bh- i y- ns
bpn-sbbpw An-a-dn-p hn]-Wn-`m-hp-IXzw
(market sensibility) km-{Xn-I-ambn hnI-kn-ns-Sp-m Ign-n-p-v Fn-epw, ]e D]-t`mtKm---fpw, Dm-Z-\-ns D-m-bn-bnsen C\n aptmp t]mhm-\m-hm Ah-bn-se-n-\np-tm, aqe-[-\-anw AmsS
D]-t`m-Km-[njvTnX Dm-Z\
- c
- w-K
- f
- n \nt-]nm Ign-bmsX hcp-p. Cs\ hcp-, an-aq-
e-[-\s "sUUvaWn' F Ah--bn \nv

]en-i-bpsS cq]-n em`-ap-m-p hnwMv
Imn- Bn amp--Xn-\p-th-n-bm-Wv, {Km v,
hmbv]. XpS-n-bp [\-Imcy Gm-Sp-I
temI-sapw hym]n-n-p--Xv. Dm-Z-\m-[njvTnX aqe-[-\-s-m em`w sImm-hp
hnwKv Iymn- Bbn ip [\-Imcy (finance) s ssIImcyw sN-p-tm, AXv [\Im-cy-aq-e-[-\s hnwKv Iymn- Bn
k-bn sNp {]h-\-am-bn-o-cp-p.
Cs\ [\-Im-cys Dm-Z\ _-a-m
hnwKv Iymn- Bbn k-bn sNbvXv
AXn \np an-aq-ey-ap-m-p--Xn-\p-th-nbmWv [\-Im-cy-ap-X-em-fnw kzm{i-b--A-b
s]Iq- - - f n- e qsS ssat{Im ss^\mkv
hn]Wn hym]n- n- s - S p- - X v. kzm{ib
Abq hyql--fm-Wv, tIc-f-nse P\-Iobm-kq-{X-W-ns ss]ev t{]mPv Bb ]mbv seh k- b n- \ - _ n Uh- e - v s a v
m\nwKv (PLDP) F USAID ]-Xn-bpsS ImX
Fv, ]n.-F.-Un.-]n.sb kw_-nv tXmakv
sFk-ns t\Xr-Xz-n ]pd-n-d-nb kn.Un. Fkv. dntmn hy-ambpw ]d-bp-p-v.
k-bn-\-_n sUh-e-vsa v F Cwojv
kw{]-Xy-b-hpw, A-s\-sbmcp Bkq-{X-Whpw
BZy-ambn ae-bm-f
- c
- b
- n {]tbm-Kn-s
- -Sp-Xv.
kzm{ibA- b - - s ]Iq- - - s f- b pw, {lkzhmbv]m ]-Xn-sbbpw Xn _n-n-p
PLDP bneq-sSbpw, XpSp-mb P\-Io-bm-kq{XWw F ]-Xn-bn-eq-sS-bp-am-Wv. kzm{ib
Ab s]Iq-- ssat{Im ss^\mkv
Fo LS-I--fn-eqsS \n-ln--p Dm-Z-\]-c-tam, Dm-Z-t\-X-c-tam, ssat{Im-ss^-\mkv
tI{o-Ir-Xtam Bb hnI-k-\s hnti-jn-nm thn-bm-Wv. k-bn-\-_n Uh-e-vsa v
F kw{]-Xybw cq]-s-Sp-n-bn-p--Xv.
[\- I m- c y- a n- - a q- e y- s , Dm- Z - \ - c w- K v
\nt-]n-p-X
- n-\p-]I
- c
- w, kzm{i-b- A
- b
- Iqmbva-I-fn-tebvv hn\y-knv AXns\ hnMv
Iymn- Bbn k-bn sNp-tm, B "aqe[\w' tkmjy Imn- Fp-IqSn hnti-jn-n-s-Sp-p. DZm-l-c-W-n\v Btm samss_
hyh-km-b
- n hn-Xa- q-e[
- \w \nt]n-p-Xn-\p-]-Icw, ]uc-k-aq-l-kw-L--fn (kn-hn
skmssk-n HmK-ss\-tk-j) hnX aqe-[\w
\nt- ] n- p- t m, kmaq- l y- I q- m- b v a - I - f n
\nt-]n--s-Sp [\-Imcy aqe-[-\w, kmaq-lyaq-e-[\w (tkm-jy Imn-) Fp hyh-l-cn-s-Sp-p. Akw-kvIr-X-hn-`-h-p-ta aqe]mTw HIvtSm-_ 2013
73
[\w \nt- ] nv Akw- k v I rX hn`- h - sf

D]--epw Nc-p-I-fp-ambn cq]m--c-s-Spp--Xn-\p-]-I-cw, kmaq-ly-Iq-m-bva-Ipta
aqe-[\w \nt-]n-v, kmaqly Iqm-bva-Isf an
aqteym- ] m- [ n- I - f mbn Nc- p- I - f mn amp
{]h-\-amWv ChnsS BtLm-jn--s-Sp--Xv.
D-s Nc-mn amp-tm-gm-Wv, D-n \np an-aqeyw sImbvsX-Sp-m Ign-bp-Xv. Cs\ Hcp cq] Dm-Z-\-s-e-hp
tkmp-I-sb Ccp-]Xp cq] hne-bp Nc-mbn
hn-gn-p-X
- n-\p kt-Xa- m-Wv, Itm-fw, D-n-\p-ta {]tbm-Kn-p X{-v (D-Zml-cWw ]c-ky-n\v) Dm-Z-\-s-e-hns ]ea-S-p-]Ww apS-tn hcpw. Akw-kvIrX hn`hs D--amn amn-sb-Sp-p--Xn-\p-ap-Stn hcp--Xn-s\-m henb XpI
D-s Nc-mn amn-sb-Sp-p- X n- \ p- t hn hcpp Fp- - Y psImv Nc-p-h-c-W-s-e-hp-IqSn
Xn--gnp Inp--Xm-Wv, bYm
em`w. Dm-Z\ sehv Hcp cq]. anaqeyw ]sm]- X p- cq] Nc- ph-c-W-s-ehv ]p-cq-]. (I-oj Ds-sS) s\v t{]m^n-v. H]Xp-cq] Fn--s\-sbmcp k{-Zm-bamWv Itmf k{- Z m- b - ns
hf-bpsS kml-N-cy-n Dmbn
hncn-p--Xv.
Akw-kvIr-X-h-kvXp-sf
Dh-cn-p-Ibpw
Ncph-cn-p-Ibpw sNp amXr-I-bn
Xs [\- I mcy apX- e m- f nw kzm{ib
Abq---sfbpw F.-Pn.-H.-Isfbpw AkwkvIrX kmaq-ly-cq-]--fn \nv, ^n\mkv
kp-te-js am[y-a--fm-n-op-p. Un.]n.-C.-]n., km-cX G-hp-sam-Sp-hn, dqd
ssehven lukv t{]mP-v, Irjn hnImkvtbmP\-]--Xn, ]cn-nXn, kv{Xo {]ta-b-sf ap\ndp-n-bp ^nwKv t{]mP-p-I Fn-h, aqe[-\ an-aq-ey-hym-]m-c-n-\mbn Bkq-{XWw
sN-s-Sp-p.
[\- I m- c y- a q- e - [ \ Nw{I- a - W - ns AkwkvIrX am[y-a- F -\n-e-bn \nv, [\-Imcy-aq-e-[-\-ns D-- F \ne-bn-tebvpw, [\-Im-cy-aq-e-[-\-ns Nc-p-I F
\ne-bn-te-bvpw, Cu kmaq-ly-q-m-bva-I (knhn skmsskn kwL-) ]cn-hn--sSp-p. Hcp D--n-\p-ta Nc-p-h-c-Wn-\mbn sNe-h-gn--s-Sp (DZm: Io-j, ]c74 ]mTw HIvtSm-_ 2013
kyw) XpIbvp kam-\-amb XpI kuP-\y-[-\k-lm-b, ta-]--Xn-I-fpsS cq]-n kmaq-lyIq- m- b v a - I p- t a sNe- h - g n- - s - S p- I bpw,
kmaqly aqe-[-\w, kmaq-ly-N-cv (Social commodity) Bbn amdp-I-bpw, AXv hn]-Wn-bnse Hcp
{_m v D--s-tmse s]mXp-Po-hn-Xs
kzm[o-\n-p-Ibpw sNp-p. imkv{X-km-ln-Xy]-cn-j-v, IpSpw-_-{io, P\{io XpS-n-bp-h
C-c-n
Nc-p-h-ev-cn--s
(commodified) kmaq-ly-Iq-m-bva-I-fm-Wv. {_m v
\ma--fm-Wv. Nqcp--n PLDP bneqsS tIc-fn- \ p- ] - c n- N n- X - a mb k- b n- \ - _ n sUh- e vsans Dw, kmaq-ly-Iq-m-bva-I-fpsS Nc-ph-ev-c-W-hp-ambncppshp hy-am-hp-p.
temI-_m-pw, USAID bpw Bhn-jv-cn-p
cm{-hn-cp {]Xn-km--n-I-]--Xn-I \S-n-emp--Xn-\p- -D-]-I-c-W--fmn ]uc-k-k-aq-lkw-L- (kn.-F-kv.-H.)sf ]cn-hn-n-s-Sp-pIbpw Ahsb {_mUUv Nc- p- I - f m- nop-Ibpw sNp {]h-\-amWv hnP-bI-c-ambn \nd-th--s-p-sIm-n-cn-p--Xv.
{lkz-Xe kmaq-ly-Iq-m-bva-Isf kmaq-ly-aqe-[-\-sap hnti-jn-n-p-hm temI-_mv USAID sskm-n-I Xm-dm-hp-p-sh-nepw
kmaq-ly-Iq-m-bva-I [\-Imcy aqe-[-\-\n-t-]n-\p e--fmbn amdp-I-bpw, Ah Nc-ph-cn-s
- -Sp-X
- n-eqsS [\-Imcy aqe-[\ hn]Wn-s--t]mse tIm-tdv Dm-Z-\-ta-Jebv pw KpW- a p- m- h p- I bpw sNp- p- s h
hkvXpX temI-_mv USAID sskm-n-I adp-]n-Sn-p-p. knhn skmsskn kwL-sf
Nc-p-h-cn-p-tm Dm-hp hnI-k\
hymtam- l - s - b m- W v , (development illusion)
k-bn-\-_n sUh-e-vsa v Fp hnfn-p--
Xv. AXm-bXv Hcp cq]-bpsS Dev]m-Z\ aqe-[\

\nt-]-ap Hcp tkmp-I-, AXns _lphm-nX kuK-n-I-cq-]-n hn]-Wn-bn-sep-tm, tkmp-I-bvv Hcp "hnIk\'apmbn Fp hymJym- \ n- mw. Nc- ph- c - W - ns kmt- X n- I - h n- Z y, Itmf
kmt-XnI hnZy AXn-t {]tbm-Kn-p-tm-gpm-hp {]Xo-Xn-sb-bm-Wv, ChnsS hnI-k\w
Fp hnfn-p--Xv. C-c-n kmaqly Iqmbva-I Nc-p-h-cn--s-Sp-tm, kuP-\y[- \ - k - l m- b - n- e q- s S- b pw, hmbv ] - b n- e q- s Sbpw
Ahbvv Hcp {]Xn-mb Dm-bn-o-cp-tm
AXns\ "hnI-k\'sap- hn-fn-p-p.
kmaq-ly-Iq-m-bvaI
- s
- f, hnizm-k
- ns \nt]--e-amn amn-sm-mWv apIm-e--fn
A[n-Im-c-hy-h--I Nqj-W-{]-h\w \bnp- sIm-n-cp--Xv. ]pXnb apX-em-fn--ns
D-m-bn-bn kmaq-ly-Iq-m-bva-I, aqe-[-\ns \nt-]--e-ambn amdp-p. hnizm-k-]-Xn-bn a\p-jy A[n-Im-c-hy-h--bpsS D]I-cW (\n-tbm-Kw) tam ASn-atbm Bbn amdn-bncp-p. ASn-a-Isf R.W. Fta-gvk "things''
F ]Zw sImp hnti-jn-n-p-tm ASn-a
hyh--bn a\p-jy\p kw`-hn-n-cn-p A]am-\-ho-I-c-Ws kw_-n hnaiw AXn-epm-bn-cp-p. Cu A]-am-\-ho-I-c-W-n-s\-Xn-scbm-Wv, sXmgn-emWv {kmhv F Bi-bhpw,
sXmgnemfn-I-fpsS km-tZ-iob kwL-S\ F
ImgvN-m-Sp-ap-mbn h-Xv. sXmgn-emfn kwL-S\-I m]-\-h-c-W-n-eqsS A]-N-b-sSp-Ibpw Nqj-W
- ns CS-\n-e
- m\fm-bn-ocp-Ibpw sNbvX kml-Ncyw D]-tbm-K-s-Sp-nsm-mWv tIm-tdv apX-em-fn-w, cm{-kwL-S-\-bvpw, cm{ob kwL-S-\bvpw knhn
m]-\-p-sa-Xnsc knhn skmsskn
HmK-ss\-tk-j F k]\w Dbnsm-p-h--Xv. t\mK-hsa kwL-S-\-Ifpw, kokv kwL-S-\-I-fpw, s{SbnUv bqWn-b
kwL-S-\-I-fp-sa-m-a-S-p knhn skmsskn
kwL- , knhn Khsa kwL- S - \ bvp _Z-ep-I-fmbn amdp-I-bpw, B _Z-ep-Isf
XrW-aq-e-X-e-n
Dd-np\np
Abq kzm{i-b-kw-L- \nn-p-Ibpw
sNp Hcp kml- N - c y- a m- W v , temI- _ mpw
USAID bpw tNv A[n-Imc hntI-{o-I-c-Wsa k-\-ns ad-hn cq]-s-Sp-n-sbSp--Xv. aqe-[-\-i-n-bvs-Xnsc t]mcm-Sp
sXmgn-em-fn-h-kw-L-S-\-I FgpXn-s-SpIbpw, Ahbvp _Z-embn kzm{ib Abq--
sf tI{o-I-cn-p kmaq-ly-aq-e-[-\-cq-]-
\nn-p-Ibpw sNp {]h-\-am-bn-cpp
]m-b-p-Xe k-bn-\-_n hnI-k-\m-kq-{XW-sa P\-Io-bm-kq-{XWw. AXp kmaq-ly-Iqm- b v a - I sf aqe- [ \ \nt- ] - m- \ - - f mn
ampI am{X-a-, kmaqly Iqm-bva-Isf Xo{hambn Nc-p-h-cn-p-Ibpw sNbvXp. Ccw
Nc-p-h-c-W-n\v ]pcp-j-m-sc-m Ffp-n hg-pXv kv{XoI-fm-b-Xp-sIm-m-Wv,
Ab kzm{i-b-q---fm-sI-s s]Iq--fmbn amdn-b-Xv. "kv{Xo' sb aqe-[\ hn\ymk-n-eqsS Nc-p-h-ev-cn-p-Ibpw A]-am-\-hoI-cn-p-Ibpw sNp Cu lo\-{]-h-\-ns\-Xnsc {]Xn-I-cn-p--Xn\p ]I-cw, temI-_mn-s-bpw, bp.-F-ns {]Xy--[-\-Im-cy-^-nwKn-sbpw A--j-W- ]nSn-s-Sp-p--Xn-\pthn sk{I--dn-tb-n-\p-ap-n Bhpw ]mpw
\Sn Bhpw ]mpw \S-nb s]Iq-m-bvaIv Xncn--dn-hns hgn-I \-s-p-t]m-bncn-p-p. Nc-p-h-ev-cWw Akw-kvIr-X-hn-`hs kw_-n-n-S-tmfw "imo-I-cWw'
Xs- b mWv
Fv
]d- b m- h p- - X m- W v .
ImntkmUm
_lp- h
dmdnsmXnv, kpKw ]qin {]mhns cq]n Im- S n- s - n- b n- e n- c n- p- t m AXv
ImntkmUbvp kw`-hn Nc-p-h-cW-sa--t]mse imo-I-c-W-amWv Fv A`n{]m-b-s-Smw. Fm kv{XobpsS IpSpw-_-Iqm-bva, kmaqly Iqm-bva, sXmgn Iqm-bva,
inYn-e-am-hp-Ibpw, B m\v ssat{Im-ss^\mknwKv Nc-p-h-cWw kw`-hn-p-Ibpw
sNp-tm, AXv imo-I-c-W-amWv Fv
Ffp--n kXnp sImSp-m-\m-hn-. IpSpw_-{iobpw P\-{iobpw s]Iq-m-bva-bpsS Ncp- h - c - W - n \nv Dm- b n- h - c p
{_mUp-I-fm-Wv. AXn A`n-am-\n-p-I-tbm,
enp Xe Ip\n- p- I tbm sNm- \ p
"kzmX{yw' kv{XoIp-v.
kmaq-ly-aq-e-[-\-s]Iq-m-bva-I {]Xn-km-Zn-I-amWv F hkvXpX USAID sskmn- I Xsbpw \ntj- [ n- m Xm- d mbn
Fp-h-cn-. Ccw s]Iq-m-bva-I [\-Imcy- \ n- t h- i - ns At\Iw D]- I - c - W - - f n
Hp-am-{X-amWv F hkvXp-Xbpw hnkva-cn-pIqSm Fnepw kmaq- l y- a q- e - [ - \ - c q- ] - - f mbn
amdnb s]Iq-m-bva-I, IpSpw-_s inYn-eam-p nXn-hn-ti-j-n\v Hcp ]cn-[n-tbm-fsa-nepw Imc-W-am-bn-on-ptm Fp ]cntim-[n-t--Xp-v. ASp--Im-ev s]Ip]mTw HIvtSm-_ 2013
75
n-Isf A-\pw, Abpw ktlm-Z-c-\pw, Amh-\p-samw tNp ssewKnI Nc-p-h-ev-cW-n\p hnt[-b-am-p--Xns hm-I]pdp hp-sIm-n-cn-p-I-bm-Wv. ssewKn-I-N-cp-h-ev-c-W-n\v kmaq-ly Iqm-bva-I-fpsS
Nc- p- h - e v - c Ww am{X- a apJy- I m- c Ww
Fntm-epw, s]Ip-n-Isf IpSpw-_-X-ens ssewKnI Nc- p- h - c - W n\p hnt[-b-am-p {]h\w Hcp {]hW-X-bmbn amdn-bn-ptm Fp ]cn-tim-[n-t-Xp-v. AXv {]h-W-X-bm-hmw, AX-s-n
t_m[-]q-amb {]Nm-c-W-am-hmw. GXm-bmepw
AXn\v [\- I mcy sImtfm- W n- b - e n- k - ns
s]mXp-cm-{o-b-hp-ambn _-sp InS-p
ko- a mb ap Imc- W - Dv
Fntmepw IpSpw-_{io F [\-Im-cy-aq-e[\ kmaq-ly-Iq-m-bvasb ]cn-l-kn-p Hcp
Zpc--hn-cp-tmn Cu kml-N-cy-n cq]sp hn-ptm Fp IqSn hkvXp-\n-jvTambn ]cn-tim-[n-t--Xp-v. IpSpw-_{io Hcp
kmaq-ly-aq-e-[-\-cq-]-amWv F-Xn-\m kmaq-lyIq- m- b v a - I - f n- t e- b v p aqe- [ \ {]th- i hpw
XpSp Nc- p- h - c - W hpw, IpSpw_w
F m]-\-sbpw, ap kmaq-ly-m-]-\-sfbpw Fs\ _m[n-n-cn-pp Fp ]cntim-[n-t-Xpv. kvIq Ipn-Iv ssewKnI-hn-Zym-`ymkw \Ip--Xn\v Aym-]-Isc ]cnio-en-n-p-hm thn km A-Sn-n-dnb am-tcJ ]pkvX-I-n {]mbw Ipd
s]Ip- n- I apXn ]pcp- j - m- c p- a mbn
ssewKn- I - _ - - n- t es- S p- - X n Xmc- X tay\ hfsc Ipd A]- I - S - am{Xsa
Dm-Ip-pq Fp ]d-bp-p-v. Ipcp-ps]Ip-n-Isf Abpw Am-h\pw A\pw
Abm- c \pw Aym- ] - I \pw tNp
ssewKnI _en--d-bn Igpp apdn-p-h-bvptm, AXn kmaq-ly-Iq-m-bva-I-fpsS Nc-ph-c-W-n\v F{X-am{Xw ]p-mhmw Ft\z-jn--dn-tb--Xp-v. FmWv IpSpw-_-{iobpsS ss\Xn-I-amb Cw]mv F-Xn-s\-p-dnv,
s_hvtdPv Huvsense kam-[m\ {]nb-m-cpsS
\o Iyqhns\ ap\n-dpn Nnn-p-tm,
P\-Io-bm-kq-{XW Iqm-bva-bn ]pcp-j-m
A{]-k--am-bn-o-cp-tm-gp-m-hp ssewKnI
a\- mkv { X sshIr- X - fpw Nm- h n- j - b ambnotc--Xm-Wv. Cs\ ]pd---s-Sp
]pcp-js ]mgv Pohn-X-n \np e`n-p
t\--W-amWv \nIp-Xn-Ww F Imcy-n
\apv A`n-am-\n-p-Itbm en-p-X-e-Xm-gvp76 ]mTw HIvtSm-_ 2013
Itbm sNmw. kzh-c-Xn, `Xr-a-Xn-I-fpsS

A\y- ] p- c pj cXn kwkm- h - I miw Fnhbvp thn bp.-F-kv. kmwkvIm-cnI ]hm-Zn-bmb Fw.-Kw-Km-[-c-\pw, USAID hm-hmb
Fw.-]n.-]-c-ta-iz-c\pw am{X-a-,, IpSpw-_-{io-bpsS
CS-Xp-]--\ym-b-im-kv{X-Im-c-mcpw ]c-ky-ambn
cwK-{]-thiw sNbvXp F hkvXp-Xbpw Xn-fp IqSm. kmaq-ly-Iq-m-bva-I-fpsS aqe-[\
Nc-p-h-c-Ws Ccw Xokn-kp-I-fpambn _n-n-p-sImp am{Xta IpSpw-_{io
amXr-I-bn-ep kmaq-ly-aq-e-[\ Iqm-bva-I-fpsS
"Cw]mv' Fv Fv hne-bn-cp-m Ign-bp-Ibp-q.
k-bn-\-_n Uh-e-vsa v F {]Xn-km-nI ]-Xn-bpsS apJy-bpn ]cn-nXn
kwc--W-amWv Fp ]d-p-I-gn-p. ]cnn-Xnsb {]IrXn `qnXn F \ne-bn
Zphym-Jym\w sNbvXp-sImp ]cn-nXn kaw{]-IrXn, {]IrXn kaw kv{Xo Fsmcp kahmIyw cq]-s-Sp-n-bn-p-v. kv{Xoim-o-IcWsa-t]mse ]cn-nXnkwc--W-hpw, [\Im-cy-ap-X-em-fnw AXns apJy AP F
\ne-bn {]N-cn-n-n-p-v. s]Iq-m-bva-Isf
Nc-p-h-cn-v, kv{Xo kaq-l-ns\ IXr-Xzn \nv Hgn-hm-p-I-bpw, aqe-[\ \nt-]n-\p tkmjy kvs]bvkv Bn-opIbpw am{X-a-, Im-hns one who acts acWw BtLm-jn-p-sIm-v, {]Ir-Xn-bn-t
{]Xn-{]-hn-p ]pcp-j F k-ev]-\sbpw [\-Im-cy-ap-X-em-fnw D]-tcm-[n-p-p.
bp.-F-n-s-bpw, temI-_m-n-sbpw [\-Imcy
HuZm-cy-]--Xn-I kv{Xoam-{X-Ip-Spw-_-{iop
hnp-sIm-Sp-p-tm, ]pcp-j-mv AXns
B\p-Iqeyw e`n-p-n F P\{io ]w ]-cmXn ]d-bp-Xv {in-p-I. {]m-h-ev-cn-s-Sp-Itbm, ]pd---s-Sp-Itbm sNp
Hcp ]pcp-j-k-aq-l-s-bpw, aqe-[\ \nt-]ns kmaq-ly--e-amn am-W-sa \nthZ-\-amWv AhnsS ]pd-s-p-Im-Wp--Xv.
Azm-\m-[n-jvTn-X-amb hInS Dm-Z-\ns kmyXIsf ]cn-n-Xn-bpsS t]cn
D]-tcm-[n-p-I-bpw, kmaq-ly-Iq-m-bva-Isf ]cnn-Xn-bpsS t]cn D]-tcm-[n-p-I-bpw, kmaqly-Iq-m-bva-Isf tkmjy Imn- Bnop-I-bpw, Nc-p-h-cn-p-Ibpw sNp-tXm-sSmw, "]cn-nXn' bmbn sImm-S-sSp `qe {]Ir-Xn-sbbpw [\-Im-cy-ap-X-emfnw Nc-p-h-ev-cn-p-p. AXm-bXv `qe-{]-Ir-Xn-bn Dm-Z\w \Sn D-s
"kv{Xo' sb aqe-[\ hn\ym-k-n-eqsS Nc-p-h-ev-cn-p-Ibpw A]-am-\-hoI-cn-p-Ibpw sNp Cu lo\-{]-h-\-n-s\-Xnsc {]Xn-I-cn-p--Xn\p

]I-cw, temI-_m-n-s-bpw, bp.-F-ns {]Xy--[-\-Im-cy-^-nw-Kn-sbpw
A- - j - W - ]nSn- s - S p- p- - X n- \ p- t hn sk{I- - d n- t b- n- \ p- a p- n
- v Xncn-d
- nBhpw ]mpw \Sn Bhpw ]mpw \S-nb s]Iq-m-bvaI
hns hgn-I \-s-p-t]m-bn-cn-p-p. Nc-p-he
- vc
- Ww Akw-kvIr-Xh
- n-`hs kw_-n-n-St- mfw "imo-Ic
- Ww' Xs-bmWv Fv ]d-bm-hp-X
- mWv. ImntkmUm _lp-h dm-dnsmXnv, kpKw ]qin {]mhns
cq]-n Im-Sn-s-n-bn-en-cn-p-tm AXv ImntkmUbvp kw`-hn Ncp-h-cW
- s
- a-t- ]mse imo-Ic
- W
- a
- mWv Fv A`n-{]m-bs
- -Smw. Fm
kv{XobpsS IpSpw-_I
- q-m-bva, kmaqly Iqm-bva, sXmgn Iqm-bva, inYn-ea
- m-hpIbpw, B m\v ssat{Im-ss^-\mknwKv Nc-p-h-cWw kw`-hn-p-Ibpw
sNp-tm, AXv imo-Ic
- W
- a
- mWv Fv Ffp-
- n kXnp sImSp-m\m-hn-. IpSpw-_{- iobpw P\-{iobpw s]Iq-m-bvab
- psS Nc-p-h-cW
-
- n
\nv Dm-bn-hc
- p {_mUp-If
- m-Wv. AXn A`n-am-\n-p-It- bm, enp Xe
Ip\n-p-Itbm sNm-\p "kzmX{yw' kv{XoIp-v.
Nc-p-h-cn-pI F \ne-]m-Sn \np
amdn, `q-e-{]-Ir-Xnsb AXm-bn-s \ne\nn-smp Nc-p-h-cn-m-\pw, tZiob-Xe Dm-Z-\sbpw Dm-Z-\-kzbw ]cym]vX-X-sbbpw D]-tcm-[n-m\pw [\-Imcy apXem-fn--n\p Ign-bp-p.
{]mW- h mbp F- t ]mse Pehpw a\pjys Poh \ne-\np--Xn\v Bh-iy-amb- X p- s Im- v , Pew Hcp hn- \ - - c - mn
ampI FXv Hcp Im\q- m- n- \ p- a p]v
XnIpw hnNn-{X-ambntmn-bn-cp-p. ]g-bIm- e - - f n Pew A[- - nX kaq- l - sf
Xf-bvp--Xn-\p D]m-[n-bmbn ssIImcyw
sN-s-n-cp Ncn-{Xhpw \ap-p-v. Fm
`q-e-hn-`-h-amb Pes BtKm-f-X-e-n
Nc-p-h-cn-n-cn-p-p. apX-em-fn--ns
]cn- nXn \n- N - \ s ap\n- d pn hniZo-I-cn-p-I-bm-sW-n CXp ]cn-n-Xn-bpsS
Nc-p-h-c-W-am-Wv. sh-ns BtKmf
Nc- p- h - c Ww (commodification) AXncq--amb ùXnI {]Xn-k-n-bn-tebvv a\pjy- c m- i nsb sIms- n- n- c n- pp Fp
apX- e m- f n kZv imkv { X- I m- c - m Xs
A`n- { ]m- b - s - S p- p- v . ]cn- n- X nsb hn`- h sa \ne- b n \ne- \ n- W - s apw AXnt Dm- Z - \ - ] - c - a mb {]Xn- h j- \w
]mSn Fpw knm-n-p--h Xs ]cnnXn k- ns\ Nc- p- h - c n- pp
F-Xns Zrm--amWv Pe-ns Nc-ph- c - W w. D- - n- t - e p an- a qeyw

A[n-bp-n-I-ambn s]cp-Ip-tm Ncpw Ncp-h-c-Whpw
kmaq-ly-hn-]mbnop. ChnsS ]mcn-nXntImmZ-\-sbpw D kmy-X-I-sfbpw D]-tcm[np sImv ]cn-nXn k-ns\ Xs
A[n- b p- n- I - a mbn Nc- p- h - e v - c n- p
{]h- \ - a mWv apt- d n- s m- n- c n- p- - X v .
Pe-ns
Ghpw
ê-h-mb
Dkm[y-X-bmWv sshZyp-Xn. AXpt]mse ]mcn-n-Xn-tImm-Z-\-ns ktX-amWv Pe-tk-N-\w. ]cn-nXn kwc--Wns t]cn Dutm-ev]m-Z-\-]--Xn-I-sfbpw, Pe- t k- N \ ]- X n- I - s fbpw sNdpp
\np ]cn- nXn hmZn- I "]cn- nXn'
bpsS {]Xy Nc-p-h-c-W-ns\Xnsc
{]Xn-I-cn-p-n. BXn-c--n-bn Pe-sshZypX]- X n- \nn- m ]cn- n- X n- b psS
BIm-ihpw `qanbpw Iogvtaa-dn-bp-sap ]dbp k--kw-L-S-\-Iv tIm-td-p-I
]Ww \Ip- Xv, Cysbtmse- b p
cmPy--fn Du-{]-Xn-k-n-bpw, Du
Zmcn-{Zyhpw hcpp-Xn\pw tkmfm tamUyqfp-Iv ChnsS hn]Wn Is-p--Xn-\pw
th- n- b m- W v . AtX- k - a - b w, BXn- c - - nsb
Sqdnkw hyh-km-b-n-\p-thn Nc-p-hcn-p-hm tIm-td-p-I-fpsS Zm-f-m Xm]mTw HIvtSm-_ 2013
77
dmbn \np- p. BXn- c - n Hcp Sqdnkw

Nc-mbn amdp-Ibpw, Dutzm-ev]m-Z\w D]tcm-[n--s-Sp-Ibpw sNp-p.
a\p-jysc ]Zm Poh-Pme {]]-hpw
a\p-jy\pw Xn-ep in_-ns kmlN-cy-n a\p-jy-\n-m-c-Xsb DZvt_m-[n-np `mhp-IXz k{-Zm-b-am-Wv, Bo-b-X.
Cuiz-cs m\v ]cn-nXn F imkv{X{]-Xybs {]Xn-jvTn-p-Ibpw, AXns\ Hcp
\h- k - m hnizm- k - ] - - X n- b n \nv Hcp
hnizm-k-`m-hp-IXzw ]p\-cp--cn-p-sImp hcp-Ibpw, AXv Hcp k--kw-LaX {]m- \ - a m- n- opIbpw sNbv X n- p- v . s]ns\bpw s]Iq-m-bva-I-sf-bpw,
kmaq-ly-aq-e-[-\-cq-]--fmn
A[x-I-cn-p-I-bpw, ]cn-n-Xna-Xm-\p-_-hpw Fm ]mcnn-Xn-tImm-Z\ hncp--hpamb {]mob Dm- Z - \ - fpsS ]cn- a n- X n- I - f n- t ebv v
kv { XobpsS Azm- t \mmZ\insb HXp-nsbSppI- b pw, ]pcp- j \pw kv { Xobpw
Hp- t N- c p Azm- \ - I q- m- b v a - b n hnL- S \
krn-p-I-bpw, sNbvXp-sIm-m-Wv, tIm-tdv
apX-em-fnw BtKm-f-X-e-n AXns [\Im-cym-[n-Imcw m]n-s-Sp-n-cn-p--Xv. "hnIk\w' \n-b-ambpw kmaqlyaqe-[-\-Iq-m-bvaI-fpsS cq]o-I-c-W-ns BLm-X-n \npm- h p XIsb ad- b v p- - X n- \ p- - BizmkhN\w am{X-am-Wv. {_nojv sImtfm-Wnb-enkw Cyp ]cn-N-b-s-Sp-n-sm-Sp
dbnK- X m- K - X - h pw, hymh- k m- b nI Imjn
kwcw-`-fpw, sImtfm-Wn-b Nqj-W-n-\p-hnt[-b-am-bn-o-cp Hcp P\-Xbvp e`n Bizmk- ] - - X n- I pap- d - s amcp hnI- k - \ - a m\w
ssIh-cn-n-cp-p. k-bn-\-_n hnI-k\amIs
AXns ISp ]mcn- n- X nI hncp- - X sImpw kv{Xohn-cp--X- sImpw kmaq-ly-hncp--am-b Hcp-hn-I-k\ {]Xo-Xn-am-{X-ambnemin-n-cn-p-p. ssat{Im-ss^-\mkns NXns-Wn-bn-tebvp hoWpt]mb Cy {KmaoW
s]Iq-m-bva-Iv, [\-Imcy ]mc-X-{y-n
\nv hntam-N\w e`n-m-\m-hm--X-c-n [\Im-cym-{in-X-Xz-ns hgn-bn-tebvv {Kma-
_lp-Zqcw k-cn-p- I-gn-n-cn-p-p. Hcp
cm{s kq-ambn [\-Im-cy-]-cm-{i-b-Xzn- X s a\- mkv { X ]cm- [ o- \ - X - b n- t ebv p
Xn hogvp--Xn-\v, kv{Xosb apJy D]m-[nbmbn D]-tbm-Kn-pp F-Xm-Wv, \h-[-\-Imcym-[n-\n-th-i-ns khn-ti-j-X. apIm-e-fn, cm{--fpsS Iog-S-epw Iog-S--epw,
]pcpj ssk\y- X-n-ep Gp-ap--en-eqsS-bmWv \n-bn--s-n-cp--Xv. AXp ]pcpj-ta-[m-hn-Xz-ns Ncn-{X-km-l-N-cy-s-s-bmWv AS-bm-f-s-Sp-p--Xv. Fm ]eXe- - f nepw ]pcp- j \p Iogv s - n- c n- p
kv{Xosb tIm-tdv apX-em-fnw [\-Im-cyhm-bv]-bp-sSbpw [\-Imcy HuZm-cy-n-sbpw
hgn-I-fn-eqsS AXns ]-tbvp ]nSn-sSp-p-I-bpw, s]Iq-mbv a - I v
Du
\Ip aqe-[-\ NqjW-am--fn-eq-sS, hnIkzc Ahn-I-knX cm{sf Iogv s - S p- pIbpw sNbvXn-cn-p-p.
k kwL--sf-t]mse s]Iq-m-bva-Ifpw, [\-Imcy HuZm-cyn- \ p- t hn kzbw
hn-p sImtfm-Wnb tk\m- h yq- l - fmbn amdn-bn-cn-p-p. tZi-cm-{--fpsS iI-eoI-c-W-am-Wv, "k-bn-\-_n Uh-e-vsa v m\nMns' An-a-e-y-sa-v, hnI-k-\m-kq-{XWw
F USAID ]- X n- b psS sskm- n- I
Xpdp k-Xn-p-p. Hcp cm{s XIp-Xn-\v, Hcp cm{ob kwn-Xnsb Cmbva
sNp-X
- n\v s]ns\ Ip-sImp t]mhp-Itbm,
s]ns\ tee-n ]nSnv hkv{Xm-t]w \Sp-Itbm sNp-X
- m-bn, {]Xn-]m-Zn-p ]ucmWnI hyh-lm-c--fn, s]ns\ Iogvs-Sp, B s]ns\ Dsm- p kaq- l ns tImf-Wo-I-c-Ws kmy-s-Sp-p
AS-bm-f-am-Wv. s]v Hcp "s]mfn-n- knnssÛv' F \ne-bn-em-Wv, Acw hyh-lmc--fn hmbn--s-Sp--Xv. Fm s]Iqm-bva-I-fn-eq-sS, A[n-\n-th-i-cm-{ob {]tbmKw
\S-p-tm, s]Iq-m-bvaI
- , tIhew Nntfm {]Xo-I-tfm A. A[n-\n-thi-ns
cm{ob Cc-I-fmWv. ]pcp-j-ssk-\y-sf B{Ianp Iogvs-Sp-n-sm--, s]ns\ hmbv]bpw, "ssehven-lpUv' [\-k-lm-bhpw \evIn
Iogvs-Sp-n-sm-mWv [\-Im-cy-ap-X-em-fnw
AXns A[n-\n-th-i-ns sImSn Hcp P\-XbpsS s\n Ipn-\nn-bn-cn-p--Xv.
ssIIkn hn.-Fk
- v.
A vembpsS Xoc-f- n-tebvv Fw (EIM)

ac-sftSn BZys tdm_n ]n
]dp hcp-tm GsXmcp Ata-cn--m-c\p-a-dnbmw hk--ns hc-hmbn Fv.
Fm hj--fpsS IoS-\m-in-\n-{]-tbmKw
]n-I-fpsS Iq-p-cp-Xnv Imc-W-am-bn.
]qfpw Infn-sm-p-If
- p-an-m hk-s
- p-dnv td Imk (Rachel
Carson) "\ni-_vZ-h-kw' F
IrXn Fgp-Xn-bnv A]Xv sImam-bn. {]Ir-Xnsb \pn-t\m-hn-cpXv Fv ]d-bp B[p-\n-Im-c
]mcn-n-XnI auenI hmZ-n\v
thnbpw Cu ]pkvXIw D]-tbmKn--s-n-p-v. A-s\-bn-cn-sXs ]n- I - f n- m hkw
a\p-jys\ {]Ir-Xn-bn \npw
tOZnv If-bp-p F hkvXpX
Ah- t i- j n- p- p. {]Ir- X n- b n
{]hn-p a\p-jys ktmtd
j-amWv ]qfpw Infn-sm-p-I-fpambn amdp--Xv. HmWw ]q-fp-sSbpw ]nI-fp-sSbpw D-ha
- m-Ip-Xv AsXmcp ImjnIm-tLm-j-am-bXv sImv IqSn-bm-Wv. AXv
\nn-p-Xv a\p-jy-\m-Wv. sshtem-nn
HmW-s-p-dn-v ]m-Sp-tm AXv {]IrXnbpw a\p-jy\pw Xn-ep krn-]-c-amb
_-ns {]I-S-\-am-Wv.
Cv HmWw hp Fv hnfnp ]d-bpXv ]qtfm Infn-sm-p-Itfm A, Ih-S-m-cm-Wv. cmPm-hns Hcp Znh-ks
HuZmcyw Fv ]d-bpw-t]mse Nne {]tXyI
Znh-k--fn I-h-S-m Xcp dnU-

skbn-emWv AXv. As-n aZy-im-e-bnse
\oXpw am-]q-hp-amb Iyqhm-WXv.
AXm-bXv "tjmn' HmW-fpw "jmn' HmW-fp-am-Wp--Xv. (HmWw kkym-lm-c-k-ar-am-bXv sImv khmtLmj-am-sWpw
AXn-\m amwkm-lmcw Iqn-tp-tm
hnhw hcpw Fpw ]d-bp kzXz-hm-Zn-I
HmWs kw_- n- p I- h S
bmYmys adv ]nSn-pI
F ZuXyw `wKn-bmbn \nd-thp- p). AXp- s Imv Xs
sshtem-n-nv HmWw hcm-\ncn- p- tX Dq. tZim- ` n- a m\n
HmW--Xn-n (1967) Fgp-Xn-bXpw
kam-lm-c--fn hcm--Xp-amb
"Idp Aw' F IhnX
sshtem-nn Cs\ Ah-km\n-n-p-p.
"F{X-\m thWw Nncn-s-phm Xncp-thmWw
]p- \ m Xmt\m ]pImk hjtam iXm-_vZtam?'
a\p-jy sNs-t krn]-c-amb Ncn-{X-k-`w F \ne-bn-emWv
HmWs sshtem-nn ]cn-N-b-s-Sp-p-Xv.
HmW-s-p-dnv Hcp-]t Ghpw IqSpX Ihn-X-sb-gp-Xn-bn-p-Xv sshtem-n-nbm-Wv. HmW-ap--v, HmW-m-p-I, HmW-hn-X-, HmWw, A`n-hm-Z-\w, ]qm-ew, amthen
\mSp- h m- W oSpw Imew, ]qhnfn XpSn
At\Iw Ihn-X-I Fgp-Xn-bn-p-v. At-lns Ghpw {it-b-amb Ihn-X-I-fn
]mTw HIvtSm-_ 2013
79
NneXv HmW-ns CXn-hr--ap--Xm-Wv.

Hcp alm-Im-hy-ns hnjbw Dn-sem-Xpnb al-mb Imhy-amWv "HmW-m-p-I'
Fv \nco- n- - s - n- p- v . `qX- n
\npw `mhn-bn-tebvv ]nSn-p-h-enp sInb
HmW-hn-n ASn-p-]m-Sp HmW-m-p-Im-c\mWv Ihn. HmW-m-p-I-fmWv Xs Ihn-XI-sfv Atlw Xs ]d-n-p-v.
hcpw-Ime kzmX-{y-ns AYhm HmWns kmn-I-fmWv sshtem-n-nv
]qhp-I
""B
hc- h n- - e pWp Nncnq ]qhp-I
Rsf kmn- I fs{X
]qhp- I ! t]mhpI
\msa-Xn-tcpI \
sfmcp-pI \msf-sbmtcmWw''
(Hm-W-m-p-I)
Hcp-]t ]qhp-I-sfp-dnv C{Xbpw ]mSnbnp Ihn- I - f n- .
"R-fpsS sImSn' F
IhnXbv v ASn- p- d nmbn Ihn Cs\ Ipdnpp: ""kmln-Xy-Im-cmv Hcp tNcn-bp-sn ]qhm- b n- c npw
Ah-cpsS sImSn. {]Ir-Xnbp-sS ]pf-Iw, ]pcm-X-\sa-nepw ]pXp-a-bp-Xv
kuay-sanepw A\--c-^-e-]-c--c-I-fpsS
in-bp--Xv. ap-sIm-Sn-I-fn-m-Xm-Ip-tmgpw
CXv \ne- \ npw.'' {ZmhnU Imhy- i mkv{Xs Hmn-n-pw-hn[w ]qfpw InfnIfpw Ihn-X-bpsS sImSn-b-S-bm-f-ambn ChnsS
amdp-p. `qX-Im-es kv]inv A\--cIm- e - t v hnSv \np- - X mWv
sshtem-n-nv ]qhp-I. sshtem-n-nbpsS Infn-Ifpw Ime-n-eq-sS-bmWv kcn-p--Xv.:
"\-h-k' en-I-fn \np kar-h-k Ime-n-tev ]d-p "tZim-S\'
]n-I-fmWv Ah.
Cv HmW-n \npw ]qfpw ]nIfpw hk-hpw \-s-n-cn-p-p. Aq--f-fpw HmW--p-ap-v, HmW-an-.
PmXn ]d-mepw ]d-bm-Xn-cp-mepw ]Ww
am{Xw ey- a m- p HmW- - p- I fpv

Fv "HmW-v' F Ihn-X-bn ImWmw.
HmW-v Ip-a-Sn hcp Ihn-X-bnse
BJym-Xmhv ]d-bp-p.
""Imin-\p-th-n-bo-thjw Na-smcp
tdj a\p-jy-cm-sW-m-cpw.....
Hcp t]msetbm-W--s-p-an-c-pp
Xncp-thm-W-sa-p-n-s-mepw''
BIm-ihpw `qanbpw Hcp-anv tImp-hm-bnSp-p. a\pjy\pw {]Ir-Xnbpw Hcp-an-p-Xv
A[zm- \ n- m- \ - , Ddm\pw tImp-hm-bn-Sm\p-am-Wv Cv Iqm-ba
v I Dm-Ip-X
- .v kwLS-\I
- Cv hymP-amb
Xp-I Dmm-\mWv. Hcp-anv \pW ]d-bp-Xn\pw Hcp-anv tImphm- b n- S p- - X n- \ p- a mWv
Cv kwL- S - \ m- { ]h\w Fv ]d-bp-Xv. CXv a\p-jy\pw
a\p-jy-\pw, a\p-jy\pw
{]Ir- X nbpw Xn
krn-cl
- n-X_
- w cq]s-Sp-p-p. {]Ir-Xn-am{X-tI-{n-Xa- mb Hcp ]mcnn- X nI Zi- \ - a
sshtem-n-n-bp-tS-Xv.
dnb Ft- p- I m
shn-sbm-cpn
\np hne IqSnb
`qan- s bbpw aX- ns t]cn Hcpn
\np hnip k-m-hn-s\bpw Hcpt]mse FXnp \ne-]m-SmWv At-l
- n\p-X
- .v `qan-sbbpw a\p-jy-s\bpw Hcp-t]mse
krjvSn-]c
- a
- m-p-, `qX-nepw `mhn-bnepw Hcpt]mse ]mSp-Ibpw ]d-p-Ibpw hncn-bp-Ibpw
sNp ]qfpw ]n-Ifpw BWv sshtemn-nv HmWw. ""`qan apgp-h\
- mbn hngpn s]cpXm-bn-o IS t]mse At\Iw P Pohnv Npfn-hp-I hoW Hcp apJw
sshtem-n-n--hn-X-bvp-v. Ime--fn
hopw P\n-p Ihn-bmWv Xms\-, ss\c-cy-t_m[w CXp-m-n-op-p. Io-cpsImv \\v acWw sImv hf-anv hfp
Hcp ac-ns Imhm-c. \man-tm
AXns \ng-en-en-cn-p-p.'' (Fw.-F.-hnP-bs
temI- ]p.411)
AUz: Fw.-_m-et- Km-hn-
Ncn{X \ncq-]I
-
- v Hcp hntbm-P\ Ipdn-v
kwh-c-W-n Aa-cp kwKoXw
`c-W-n `mK-am-m-I (Participation in
Administration) F-XmWv Xm kwh-cWw
F ]Zw sImv Dt-in-p--sXv tUm.Aw-t_-ZvI ]d-n-p-v. Fp-h-m `c-WX-e-n Hp-am-ImsX `cn--s-Sm am{Xw
hn[n- - s - 80 iX- a m\w Ah A[nImcw Fsv A]-am-bn-s-nepw Adn-bs. Fm AXv krn {]iv\- \nc-h[n-bm-Wv. CXv Bap-Ja
- mbn Ipdn-p-hm Imcaw
Pw-sIm-p-Xs Ah-Imiw e`n-p Hcp
XkvXnI Cpw {_mW kaq-l-n \ne\np-p. Hcp {_m-W-kv{Xo-bpsS hb-n
]nd--Xp-aqew Fp hnh-c-tSv ImWn-mepw
{_m-Ws ]qPm-cn-bm-Im-\p A[n-Imcw
\ntj-[n--s-Sp-n-. B dnkth-j Bcpw
i-ambn Ctmgpw tNmZyw sNm--hw
cq]-s-Sp-n-bn-cn-p-p. AYhm kw`-hn-m
AXv asmcp {_m-Ws\ amn m]n-psImv Ah-km-\n-n-p-p. IWm-SI kwKoX-ns Imcy-nepw CXp-X-s-bmWv Ah. Fm ae-bm-f-n {]kn-o-Ir-X-amb
cv IrXn-I Im-SI kwKo-X -N-cn{Xw
(Sn.-sI. cho-{-\mYv 1984, 2000), kwKo-Xmap
(tUm.-a-[p-hm-kp-tZhv 2007). kwKo-X-nse
PmXn-]-c-amb D-\o-N-Xz--sf-p-dnv hkvXpXm-]-c-amb ]T\w Cm-sX-bmWv Xm-dm-nbn-cn-p--Xv. Hm-a-tXv hnI-e-amb Ncn{X
]pkv X - I - a m- s W- n cm- a - t Xv shdpw
amsm-en. CXv shdpsX Ipdn--X-. hkvXp-Xm-
]-c-sav ]cs AwKo-I-cn--hsb ad-p-]n-Snp-sIm-p ]T-\--fm-Wn-h-sbv t_m[ys--Xp-sIm-m-Wv.

Sn.-sI.-c-ho-{-\m-Yns IWm-SI kwKoX
Ncn- { X- n Atlw ]d- b pp XtXv
bHcp B[n-Im-cnI Ncn-{X-]p-kvX-I-a-sv.
AXv icnbmsWv ImWn-p Hm-as
]cm-aiw kwKo-X- tbip-Zm-kn-s\-pdn-m-Wv. ""lnp-tZ-h-X-I-sf-p-dn-p Km\-fm-sW-p-hv lnp-h-m Kmb-I `nhn-lo-\-\mbn ]mS-W-sav hbvp-Xpw icnbm- s Wv tXmp- n- . {iocm- a w, cLp- K pem]vXntkmaw, {inX-I-ev]-`q-cplw `tPlw
F \mcm-b-W-Ku-f-cm-K-n-ep Zon-X
IrXn Hcn- tbip-Zm-k ]mSn-b-Xp-tI
Hm-hv CXv Fgp-Xp-I-bm-Wv. Av AXn
\ng-en `n-`mhw {it-b-ambncpp. tbipZmk lnp-h-, {iocma `-\p-a-. Fnpw
B Km\- nse `n- ` mhwDsm- m
At-l-n\p km[n-p-sh-Xv kv]-am-bncp-p. `-\mb Hcp lnp-Km-b-I\v Dm-Imhp am\- k n- I m- h - - b p- a mbn XmZmyw
t\Sm kz-a-X-P-\y-amb Bob
kwkvImcw At-ls klm-bn-n-p-m-bncn- - W w. lnp- - f - m Kmb- I - mcpw
IWm-SI kwKoXw ssIImcyw sNp-tm
AXnse `n- ` - B hw tNmp- t ]m- I msX
kqn-m {in-t--Xm-sWv hy-amp-I-bmWv ChnsS Dt-iw.''
1984 CXv Ipdn- p- t m tb- i p- Z mkv
]mTw HIvtSm-_ 2013
81
lnp-aX hnizm-kn-sbv tIcf ssltm-SXn

hn[n- nv ]v sIm- a m- b n- c p- p. Ncn{X
]pkvXIn A-s\-sbmcp hn[n-sb-pdnv Hcp ]cm-aiw t]mep-an-. adnv {InkvXym\n-bm-sW {]tbmKw Hcp hnti-j-W-ambn
tNn-p-ap-v. Ncn-{X-Im-c AXv hnp-t]mb-Xn-\m kwn-]vX-ambn ChnsS Ipdn-pp. 1972 Be- pg ap- b v t{Xw.
mknIv Ie-Iv Fpw apXqw sImSpn-cp ap-bv t{Xm--W-n tbipZm-kns Itcn hgn ]mSmbn \S-m Hcp
` Xocp-am-\n-p--tXm-Sp-Iq-Sn-bmWv kw`h-ns XpS-w. tbip-Zmkv F \{km-WnbpsS Itcn ap- b v A- e - ntem!
kwKo- X - n- \ p- ] cn kh- W m- [ n- ] - X y- n\v
apXqw \Ip CSp- nb a\- p- I
Bth- i - t msS DWp {]hn- p.
Alnp t{Xm--W-nev Imev Ipn-bm
]ns Fpv _mn? Ccw sNdp a\p-If
- psS hnIm-k]
- c
- n-Wm-a
- apIqn Inm- I Ww kwKo- X - ] - c n- ] mSn kv t ]mk
sNbvX-bm Xncp-hn-Xmw-Iq tZhkzw
t_mUn \npw A\p-aXn
Bh-iy-s-p. t_mUv
A[n-Im-cn-I {io.-tbip-Zmkv lnp-a-X-n
h n i z - k n - p ptmsbv tbipZm-kn-t\mSv Bcm-p.
Atlw AsX- s bv
kXy-hm-Mvaqew \In.
CtXmsS kwKo-X--tcn
\S-p-t]m-Iptam Fv `bs--h X-fpsS `nbpw aX-hn-izm-khpw
ewLn--sSpw tbip-Zmkv t{X-n hp]m-Sn-bm Fp hnNm-cn-p-sImv Hcp dnv.
lPn tIcf ssltm- S Xnbn ^b
sNbv X p hnNn- { X- s ap ]d- b s! tIkn
Ahiyw In-bm-bn-cn-t tbip-Zm-kns\
am{Xw AXn tNn. Ans\ Atls Adn-bn-msX Xncp-hn-Xmw-Iq
tZhkzw t_mUns\ {]Xn-bm-n-smv dnv
lPn ^b sNbvXp. B lPn AUvan-j\p
h-tm tbip-Zmkv sImSn-a-c-n\v Cpdw
\nv ]mSp--Xn sXn-sv Hcp CS-me
D-chv _lp-am-\-s ssltm-SXn ]pd-sSp-hn-p. XpSv lPn Ah-km\ hmZ-n\v
hXv 1975 emWv. B tIkn Ah-km\hmZwtI Pnkv N{-ti-J-c-ta-t\m lnp-hn-izmk-sbpw BNmc A\p-jvTm-\--sfbpw hni82 ]mTw HIvtSm-_ 2013
Zo-I-cnv tbip-Zmkv lnp-a-X-n hniz-knp Bfm- s Wv A- i - bv v CSbnmsX hn[n- pI am{X- a - , tbip- Z m- k ns\
In-tNm--Xn tImS-Xn-p AXr]vXnbpw {]I-Sn-n-p-sImv tIkv Xp-Ibpw
sNbvXp.
Ft Cu Hcp hn[n {]Jym-]\w Xa-kvIcn- - s - S m ImcWw? cho- { - \ mYv Xs
]pkvXIn {_m-W-kw-Ko-X-sc hnebn-cp-p-tm A{_m--W-tcmSv Ahpm-bn-cp I\nhv hep-Xm-sWpw adn-p
{]Nm- c - W - sXm- s Wpw ]d- b p- p.
CsXmcp A`n-{]mb {]I-S-\-ambn Icp-Xmw.
Fm {_m-W Hcn-epw ]p-tN-cm-Xncp Hcp kwKo- X - t a- J - e - b mWv \mZ- k zcw
AYhm \mK-kz-cw. Fm CXv A{_m-W-cpsS Ip-I-bm-bn-cp-p. CXns ImcWw
H c p
{_mW kplrv
hy-am-n-bXv C{]Im-c-amWv \mZ-kzcw
hmbn-p-tm Ipg
hmbn hbv p- I bpw
FSp- p- I bpw hopw
hmbn hbvt-n-h-cnIbpw
sNp-p.
Atm Ipg Fn-emIpw. Cu ImcWw sImmWv
{_m- W AXv hPn- p- - X v . C{X
Fn `b- a p {_m- W \mZ- k zcw
hPnm-\p ImcWw Hcp-]t AXp-X-sbm-bn-cn-pw. asmcp Imc-Whpw ]d-p-tIn-n-.'' IWm-SI kwKoX Ncn{Xw `mjm
Cn-yqv cm-bn-cm-am-n ]p\x-{]-kn-oI-cn-p. hnNn-{X-am-sWp ]d-b-s, Ipg Fnem-sW--XmWv {_m-W \mZ-kzcw hmbnp--Xn hnap-J-cm-bXv F-Imcyw Hgn-hmn-bn-cp-p. CXv t_m[-]q-am-sWv IcptX-n-bn-cn-p-p. Fn\v A{_m--W-cpsS
Ip-I-bm-bn-s \mZ-kzcw \ne\nWw? Sn.-sP.-F-kv. tPmPns "Fw.-Fkv. Pohn-Xhpw kwKo-Xhpw' F ]pkvX-Inepw cho- { - \ m- Y ns Xa- k v I - c Ww aqeamImw \mZ-kz-c-s-n Cs\ ]cm-ainp- p. "nc- a mbn Xmgv PmXn- m- c n
hninjy tZh-Zm-kn-I-fpsS ]p{X-m-cn HXpn-\n-n-cp \mZ-kzcw awK-f-hmZw F-dnb-s-n-cp-s-nepw Fp-sImtm {_mW AXns\ AIn \nn. Xangv ]n-amcm-bn-cpp BZy-Im-ev Cu kpjn-c-hm-Zy-
ns hnZzm-m.''
kwKo-Xmap Fgp-Xnb a[p-hm-kp-tZ-h\pw
IWm- S I kwKo- X - n A{_m- - W v
m\w Dm- b n- c p- - X mbpw Bb- X n- \ m
A{_m--Wsc AIn \nn-sb Btcm]-W- _men-i-am-sW-p-amWv ]d-bp--Xv.
Atlw ]d- b p- Xv Cs\ ""IWm- S I
kwKo-X-n\p apI-fn CS-bvs-nepw FSpp- h - b v m- d p cv Btcm- ] - W - - f mWv
AXv kh ssl- h - c psS Iem- c q- ] - a m- s WXpw ]ptcm-K-a\ Nn-Iv Ah-kcw Cm-hw bmYm-n-Xn-I-am-sW-Xpw. hmkvXh-n IWm-SI kwKo-X--cpsS Imt\jp-am-cn-bn sF, sF-m hn`m-K-
IqSp-X Dsnepw [\-m, Fw.F-kv. kp-e-van, Fw.-F. hk-Ip-am-cn, cmP-c-n-\w-]n-, Ipw`tImWw cmP-am-Wn-Iy-]n-, a[pc- t kmap XpS- nb A{_m- Wsc _lp-am-\n-m kwKoXm- k zm- Z - I - c p- s Sbpw kwKoX
temI-nsbpw apn XS-k Dm-bn-n-. kmaq-lnI
am-sf IWm-SI kwKoXw
Dsmp FXn\p kqN\-bmWv hniz-\m-Y-, sNss
sshZy- \ mY `mK- h - X , Acn- b pSn cmam-\pP A-m, a[p-caWn A, sim-pSn {io\n-hmk- Fo KmbI {]am-Wn-Ip
app-Xs Imo-]pcw [\-tIm-Sn, tImb-q Xmbn japJ hSn-hv, _mwKvfq \mKc-Xv\w, efn-XmwKn XpS-nb kwKo-X--cpsS
Unkv I v dntmUp- I {]- k n- o- I - c n- - s Xpw klr-Z-b tIv B\-n--Xpw. tad kwKo-X--sc-m aptm Htam
h kv{XoI thsd-bp-ap-v. Xncp-hnssS acpXq `hm-\n, G\mZn ktlm-Z-cn-am, a[p-c-kp- c w, DSpn ev a n- ` m- b n, Xncp- t Km- I Ww
amWn- I yw, BZn- e - v a n, cmPw ]pjv ] - h \w
Fn--s\.'' ChnsS ImX-emb Hcp- hn-jbw
Hgn-hm-n-bn-p-v. A{_m--W-cm-bn-cpp kXyn kwKo- X s kvt\ln- - h . ]e
{_mW kwKo-X-cpw AXns hym]m-cta-J-e-bmWv t\mn-b-Xv. i_vZ-a-[p-cna Bhiy-an-m-n-S-tmfw Fn Ah-cpsS \nhN-\-. "B]mX a[p-c-amWv kwKoXw' ]Xnp am{X-bn a[p-c-am-b-Xv. XymK-cmP kzmanIfpw Zon-Xcpw iyma imkv{Xn-Ifpw a[p-chpw
at\m-l-c-hp-amb i_vZ-ns DS-a-I-fm-bn-cpp. Cu aqp-t]pw s]mXp-hmbn Dm-bncp asmcp KpWw D- h r- n- b n Ah

kwXr-]vX-cm-bn-cp-p-sh--Xm-Wv. XymK-cm-Ps
"\n[n- N me kpJam' F Ieym- W - c m- K Io\w At-l-ns [\-m\ taml-fpsS \ncmkw hy-am-p-p. iyma-imkv{Xn-sb-p-dn-p PohnX IY-\-n {io
hnZym-i- Zon-X-cpsS [\-\n-cmkw Cs\
hnh-cn-p-p. ""km-n-I-tijn Ipd-hm-bncp app-kzman Zon-X-cpsS kwKoX \n]pW- X sb {]kw- i nv cmPmhv kwkm- c n- Xv
imkv{Xn-I-fpsS ]Xv\n tIn-cp-p. imkv{Xn
]Xv \ nbpw Zon- X - c psS If- { Xhpw Da
kv t \ln- X - I - f m- b n- c p- p. cmPm- h n\v
Zon- X sc henb aXn- m- s Wpw
Iem- t {]- a n- b mb cmPm- h ns\ apJw
ImWn- p- I - b m- s W- n \n- b ambpw Atlw Zon-Xv
km-\- \Ip-sapw Hcp
\m kw`m-j-W-aty iyma-imkv{Xn-I-fpsS `mcy Zon-X-cpsS
]Xv \ n- t bmSv ]d- p. Zon- X cpsS `mcy `m-hp-ambn Cmcy-s-p-dnv kwkm-cn-p. ZonX \ntZiw Xn--f-p.
hyn-]-c-amb
B\p-Iq-eypthn cmPm-hns\ kao-]np-Xv At-l-n\v C-am-bn-cp-n. ùXnI klm-b-n-\p-thn sIpI-bm-bn-cnpw AsXv At-l-n\v tXmn.
"lnc-bnw evaow' F {]JymX IrXnbn- e qsS Atlw ev a o- t Z- h nsb `Pn- p.
kpw Btcm-Kyhpw \In tZhn Atls A\p-{K-ln-p.''
hnNn-{X-sap ]d-bs! cma-\m-Y-]pcw {io\nhmk A-m F kwKo-X--\n-se-ptm \n[n-bmWv kpJw F \ne-bn-sep-p. tPmv ]-as IncoS [mc-W-thf-bn tXmSn-cm-K-n Io-\-sa-gpXn Atls {]Ionv kzWw t\Sm
bmsXmcp Dfppw {io\n- h mk A- mv
Dm- b n- c p- n- . t\mWw XymK- c m- P - \ n
\npw cma-\m-Y-]pcw {io\n-hmk A-m-dnte-p Zqcw. (Great Masters of Carnatic
Music - Indira Menon page 25 -26)
A{_m--Ws kwKo-X-temIw
IWm-S-I-kw-Ko-X-ns Ipe-]-Xn-I-fmbn
Ah- t cm- [ n- - s - - h - c m- b n- c pp {_m- W .
]mTw HIvtSm-_ 2013
83
cmPjn-bmb hnizm-an-{X {_jn-bm-Im

{ian- - X n\v \tI- n- h hne- b m- W tm
{Xni-p. cmPjn-bn\npw {_jn-bn-tep Zqcw hknjvT hnizm-an{X t]cp-I
Hmp--hv a\-n-emIpw AXn-s\-m
hep-Xm-Wv. IWm-SI kwKo-X-n ImWn-am-cmbn \np {_m-Wcpw IWm-SI- k w- K o- X - n Ib- d n- - m {ian- p
A{_m--Wcpw Xn-ep A-cw.
Kpcp- i n- j y- _ - - n- e qn hfp- h
IWm-SI kwKoXw BZyta Xo-then
PmXn-bp-tS-Xm-bn-cp-p. A{_m--Wsc amn\nn-bn-p At\Iw k`- Dmbn-p-v. Cpw a{Zmkv ayqknIv Am-Zan "kwKoX Iem-\n[n' ]w sImSp-p--Xn-\p-apv
hne-bn-cp-p Hcp-Imcyw Kmb-I {_mW-\m-tWm-sb--Xm-Wv. {]ikvX kwKo-X-\mb a[p-c-tkm-a-kp--c-n\pw kwKo-X-n
NSp-e-X-bpsS `mhw ]qW-ambpw {]Im-in-np a\-bv cwK-cm-P\pw Iem-\n-[n-]w
InmsX t]mb-Xn\v ImcWw asm--, Fw.F-kv. kp-e-van-bw, Fw.-F. hk--Ip-amcnbpw ]ntm- - nepw ]ntm- - a mb
"Cssi shm-f' F tZh-Zmkn kaq-lmwK--fm-bn-cp-p. Fnepw {_mW kaqlns {]tXy-Inv ssaem-]q {_m-W-cpsS
kwc--W-n\v hnt[-b-cm-bn-cp--Xp-sImp
am{X-amWv Ah-cpsS Ign-hp-I AwKo-I-cn-ncp--Xv.
Ccp-]-Xmw-\q-m-n kwKo-X-n\v Nne
]pXnb am[y-a- Xpd-p-Inn. {Kma-t^m
dntmUpw kn\n-abpw ]ns BIm-i-hm-Wnbpw. kn\n-a-bpsS Bcw-`-Im-ev A-e-n
]qPmcn F {_mW IpI kn\n-a-bn
kn-th-in-n-m alm-{_m--W {ian-ncp- p. kn\n- a - b n Xe ImWn- m {ianm {]apJ {_mW kwKo-X- 1930
40 Ime-L--n Dm-bn-cp-n-. apJ-{iobn apn-p-\n Pn.-F. _me-kp-{_-Wyw
HgnsI ap--h ]cm-Pn-X-cm-bn. kn\na kmbnns Ip-]n-Sp--am-bn-cp--Xp-sImv {_mWv X-fpsS PmXn tatm-bva-bn-eqsS
AXn IS-p-I-b-dm km[n-n-. AXn-\m
Ah X{-]qw kn\n-abpw AXns kwKoXhpw Ie-bn-sebpw kwKo-X-n-sebpw cmwX-c-sav ap{Z-Ip-n. X-fpsS taJe AXpaqew aen-\-s-Sm-Xn-cn-m Ah {ian-p.
AXn- \ p- t hn ssaem- ] q F {_mW
ktXw IWm- S I kwKo- X - t em- I s
hnm\mn i_vZ-ku-Ip-am-cy-mepw cwK`m-h-mepw Fw.-F-kv. kp-evan A\p-{Klo- X - b mbtm Ah- c psS hyn- X z- s t]mepw hne-bvs-Sp-m t]m Iuiew
am{X- a Ah- c psS `m- h mb kZm- i nhw
Ds-Sp ssaem-]q {_m-W \S-nb?
Fw.-F-kv. Pohn-X-n Ghpw Bmambn t{]an Pn.-F.-_m-e-kp-{_--Wys
Ah-cn \npw AI-m F{Xtbm lo\-amb
X{--fmWv kZm-inhw F cmwsIp-Imc ImWn-p-Iq-n-bn-p-Xv? A{_m--W-cmb
Fw.- F kpw Fw.- F .- h nbpw {_m- W - c psS
A[o-i-Xz-n\v hnt[-b-cm-b-tm 1928
m]n- X - a mb ayqknIv Am- Z an F
{_mW kwKoX k` kwKoX Iem-\n-[n-w
Ahv \In. Ah-cpsS am-nwKv X{-fns-Sm H-Km-b-I\pw kwKo-X-I-em-\n[n-]w tbip-Zm-kn\v Inm km[y-X-bn-. Nnetm At-l-n\v `mc-X-cXv\w F ]ctam-X _lp-aXn Inn-bm-epw.
aptmp Imew IS-p-t]m-bn-SmsX apt
kvarXn-I-fm tIm-sI-n... hmWn-cp Hcp
hn`m-K-s-p-dnv Bims Zpc-h--bn
hnti-jn-n-n-cp--Xn\v kam-\-amWv IWm-SI
kwKo-X-n htcWy hw sInb tIm.
Xncp-hn-Xmw-Iq-dnse 19-mw \qm-nse ]ip-hf- e n\v kam- \ - a mWv 20- mw \qm- n
IWm-SI kwKo-X-n A{_m--Ws Ah. 19mw \qm-ns Ah-km-\-Im-ev Xncphn-Xmw-Iq-dn-sebpw sImn-bn-se-bpw AhW
hn`m-K-n\v ]ip-sf hfm-\p AhIm-ita
Dm-bn-cp-p-q.
]ip
{]khnptm B hnhcw khWsc Adnbn-p-p. Ah XobXn \n-bnv ]m IdpsImp- t ]m- I p- p. (19mw \qm- nse
tIcfw `mkvIc\p-n) CXn\p kam-\-am-bncpp IWm- S I kwKo- X - n A{_m- Ws Ah-. Ah\v ]mSmw, imkv{Xo-bambn ]Tn-m hne-p-I Gsd. A{_m-Wv kwKoXw e`n-p-Xv kzmXn Xncp\m kwKoX Am-Zan t]mep m]-\ XpS-p-Ibpw Ahn-tSv Pohn-p-hm
asmcp KXn-sbm-p-an-msX kvtImfjnv
tamlnv Ipsd Ac--n-Wn-mcpw apgp-]-n-Wnmcpw IS-p-h-cp--tXm-sS-bp-am-Wv. Ans\
IS- p- h cv Zcn{Z kwKo- X - - c mWv
bixico-c-\mb s\m-nIc hmkp-tZ-h-\pw,
At\Iw th-bm-S-ep-I Hfnpw sXfnpw
t\cn-npw Cpw H-bm-\mbn \ne-sIm-p
sI.-sP.-tb-ip-Zm-kpw. s\m-nIc hmkp-tZh Xs km[Iw e`n-n-cp-n-. kwKo-Xs--n-bp "Z lnp Hm ayqknIv' F

{K-n tbip-Zm-kns t]cp am{X-ta-bpq. s\m-n-Ic hmkp-tZ-hs t]cn-. tbipZm- k n- s \- t mse {]Xn- I q- e - k m- l - N - c y- n
kwKo- X - t em- I - t v IS- p- h s\mnIc hmkp-tZ-h\v lnp F Hcp Zp_e
Ihew Dm-bn-cp--Xp-sImv A[x-Ir-X-\mbn-cp-s-nepw t{X-{]-th-i\ hnfw-_-c-n\p-tijw sImSn-a-c-ns
Hc]w apn \nm
XS-k--sfmpw Dm-bn-cpn- . Fm tbip- Z mkns Ah hfsc ]cnXm-]-I-c-am-bn-cp-p. tImSXn
I]np \Inb "lnp'
F AwKo-Imcw t]mepw
kwKo-X-tem-Is AtmkvX-e-mv AcpNn Dmp--Xm-bn-cp-p. AXp-sImm-Wtm \h-cm{Xn a]- ns
Gg- b - e - pt]mepw tbip-Zm-kn\v Fs-Sm Ign-bm--Xv. kzbw
lnp-a-X-n hniz-kn-pp-shp ]d-npw tImSXn-hn[n Dm-bnpw tbip-Zm-kns\ ]e kwKoX-cpw (C-h-cn ]ecpw IWm-SI kwKoX-n\v Hcp _my-X-bm-Wv) A\y-a-X-m-c-\mbmWv ImWp--Xv. tbip-Zm-kn-t\mfw Ch-cmcpw
kwKo-Xs kvt\ln-p-Itbm Dsm-pItbm sNbvXn-n-. Fm kml-N-cy-fpw
{]Xn-Iq-e-am-bn-cp--tmgpw tbip-Zmkv XtmsSmw ]mSm Ign-hp--h Fp Icp-Xnb
sNss alm- \ m- W v . Aamn- S - b nse
Xmgv h-m-c-\mb At-l-n\v (tNm-gnb- hn-`m-K
- nsSp-h\
- m-bX
- n-\m bYm-nXn-I At-ls Ah-tl-fn-n-cp--Xmbn
Cncm tat\m "Z t{Kv amtgvkv Hm^v IWmSnIv ayqknIv' F ]pkvX-I-n tcJ-s-Spn-bn-p-v) ]e _pn-ap-p-Ifpw Dm-bn-pv.
X\np t\cn CI-gv-ens s\m-c-am-bn-cnWw tbip-Zm-kn-s\bpw Pb-hn-P-b-m-scbpw
Xs injy-m-cm-m B henb a\-ns\
t{]cn-n--Xv.
tbip-Zmkv F GI-e-hy
imkv{Xob kwKo-X-tm-Sp AZ-ay-amb
A`n-\n-th-i-m kwKo-X-tem-I-tv IS-
p-h-cp tbip-Zmkv F \{km-Wn,

\mbp-t]mepw Ccn-n-S-an-m temI-sp-tm GI-e-hy-t\m-tSm, I-t\mtSm
am{Xw D]-an-m-hp Hc-h--bmWv Dm-bnp--Xv. kn\nam kwKoXw Fsmv Cm-bncp-s-n tbip-Zmkv F Km\-K-h
Hcp thf ae-bm-f-n Bcpw Adn-bmsX Ahkm- \ n- p- a m- b n- c p- p. kn\n- a bpw AXns
kwKo-X-hp-samw emv t{KUv Poh-\-m-c\pXmsW [z\n {]N-cn-n kh
tbip- Z m- k n\v kn\n- a mtemIw Akm-[m-c-W-amb
AwKo-Imcw \In-btm AXn ZpxJn- X cmbn BZyw \nb- a - neqsS tbip-Zm-kns\ Ae- - d - n Ib- m- X n- c nm {ian- p. AXn
Ah Hcp-]-cn-[n-hsc hnPbn- p. Cu ]m- - e n thWw tbip- Z mkns kwKo-Xs hnebn-cp-t--Xv. Ac-Ns
Blmcw Aar-tXv
Fm-Wtm Adn-b-s-Sp- X v . Am- - h - c ptSXv
]e t]cp-I-fn-emWv Adnb-s-Sp--Xv Icn-mSn apX Atm-v. AXpt]m-se-bmWv IWmSI kwKo-Xhpw kwKoX- t em- I v Kuco- i - c kaw Kcn- a - b mv
\np \psS Km\-K-h-\mb tbipZm- k ns\ i_v Z - a - [ p- c n- a - b psS DSa am{Xw
FmWv hne-bn-cp-n-b-Xv. kwKo-Xmap
F ]T\ {K-n C{]-Imcw ]d-bp-p.
""tbip-Zmkv sNss sshZy-\mY `mK-h-X-cpsS
injy-\-. tbip-Zm-kns P\-{]nb kwKo-XI-t-cn-Ifpw BZi-ip-nbpw.
(B-Zi-ip-n) t{imXm-sf kwXr-]vXns-Sp-p--X-. imkv{Xob kwKo-X-ns
Kuchw \ne\nm Ign- b m Ccw
It-cn-I ]nX-e-ap-d-bpsS knn-Isf hnIkz-c-am-m klm-bn-pXpa-. Cu \nco-W-ns ]n_-e-n-\p-thn amth-enc {]`m- I - c - h - b psS hmp- I D- c npp ]d-p-tIp--Xp-t]mse tbipZmkv sNss-bpsS injy-\-. Ah Hcp-ann-cpv ]mSn-bn-pv. AXv kzman-bpsS alm-a\- k v I - X . Am- Z - a n- b n ]Tn- - X p- s Imv
sim-p-Sn, Ipam-c-kzm-an, shq Fn-h-cpsS
]mTw HIvtSm-_ 2013
85
sNssbpw tbip-Zmkpw
Iptd {i Zmkn\v Inn. Ah-cn \npw
]Tn Imcy--A-tlw Ctmgpw sImp
\S-p-p. AXns IqsS kz-am-bnv hXpw
tNm C{X-Im-e-am-bnpw tbip-Zmkv {iann-n-. i_vZw sImm-sa-p-I-cpXn AXp-am{X-a-tm kwKo-Xw. AXv hjs tIcf
kwKo-Xs hne-bn-cp-p-p-tm tbip-Zmkns\ FhnsS \n- W - s av IrXy- a mb
kqN\ Cu hmp-I-fn {]I-S-am-Wv.''
tbip-Zmkv sNss-bpsS injy-\-s-n
]ns BcpsS? GI-e-hy-t\mSv t{ZmWm-Nm-cy
ImWn {IqcX tbip-Zm-kns Ah--bpambn Xn-p-t\m-n-bm \nm-cw. tbip-Zmkv
sNss- b psS injy- \ mbn Adn- b - s - S p- XmWv {]`m-I-c-h-bpsS Ak-ln-jvWp-X.
"Xt- X m- b n- s mpw kwKo- X - t em- I - n\v
\Im Ign-bm--h-\mWv tbip-Zmkv' Fp
]d-bp--h, kmm {io ]mhXo tZhnsb
kv X pXn- p- s Imv tbip- Z mkv cNnv "\ncRvPn\n' cmK-n Nn-s-Spn Be-]n
Io\w tIn-p-m-hn FXv ]c-a-amb
kXyw. tbip-Zm-kns kwKo-Xs hne-bncp-p-hm kwKo-Xm-ap-Im-c Iqp-]n-Snp amth-en-c {]`m-I-c-h ]d-bp-Xv
tIm, kmln-Xy-tem-Is Nne IW--n-am-cpsS Iqv F{X \ {]`m-X-sa-tm,
ky- s btm ]d- m F{X- s b- Xv
kwJysb kqNn-n-pXn\m AXv icn-b
Fp ]d-bp--Xp-t]m-se-bp Nne Ip-sSp--ep-I-fmtb tXmp-I-bp-q. kwKo-Xs
IWm- S - I - k w- K oX Ncn- { X- I m- c \pw kwKoXm-ap-m-c\pw hne-bn-cp-p--Xn-s\-m
Kuc-h-ambn ]Tn tUm.-kp-hWm \me-mv
"\mZ-eb knp' F Xs IrXn-bn ]dbp-Xv t\mp-I. ""Unkw-_ 2005 hsc tbipZmkv ]mSn (Rm) tIn-p taf-Im cmK hmWv CXp-h-sc-bp Fs \nco-86 ]mTw HIvtSm-_ 2013
W- Rm\n-tm Hcp ]pkvXI cq]-nem-p--Xv. Atlw C\nbpw taf-Im-cmK- ]mSn cmK-tkm-]m-\-n ]Xn-s\v ]SnI- b dn {io.- c m- P - c m- t P- i z- c n- b mb imc- Z - b psS
{iohn- Z ym- k - - ] o- T - n Ccn- p- s amWv Fs hnizm- k w. aqImw- _ n- I - b psS
`v Kpcp-hm-bp-]p-tc-i Xs A-\mco-iz-c-Xz-tm-sSmw Acp-fp Kpcp-{]-km-ZamWv At-l-n Rm kZm Zin-p-Xv. Adntm Adn-bm-sXtbm XymK-cm-P-kzman-I ]np-S AtX ]mt-WmWv tbipZmkpw ]np-S-cp--sX-Xv IuXp-Icam-Wv.
Fp-sImv kzman-I Nne PmXn-I-sf, Fm
hyql-cm-Khpw ]mSn? Fp sImv Nne cmK ]mSm-Xn-cpp? Cu {]{In-bbvv ]mSn-Xn cmK- am{Xta ]mSmhqshv iTnp bmYm-n-XnI at\m-`m-h-tmSv IS-mSptm, Ctbm? Nne cmK- am{Xw NncIm-e-ambn ]mSn {]N-cn-n--Xns ê-am-bnt 72 XmXamsc hSt Cy- m
]mn Npcp- n- b Xv ? ]Tn- n- m ]mSnm hcm-fnsb Ghpw A[nIw IrXn-I-fn
XymK-cm-P D]-tbm-Kn--Xn\p ]nn \s
]Tn-n-m Nne-Xnt? 15 hnhmZn cmK-
]mSn-b-Xns ]nnepw Hcp Kpcp-hns am\kn-Ihpw _un-I-hp-amb a\-knt? Cu hI
tNmZy- Fs a\-kn-eqsS IS-p-t]m-bXn\v {]tNm-Z\w tbip-Zmkv It-cn-I-fm-Wv.
At-l-ns XymK-cmP ssien-bn-ep sXcs-Sp-mWv Fmw hnhm-Zn-I-fmb cq]-hyqls (\m-se--sbpw) ]mSp-tm XymKcm-P Hcp Socio Political Statement A adnv
Hcp kt-i-amWv Xcp--Xv. sXv Bcp-]-dmepw hnthIw D]-tbm-Knv tNmZyw sNW- s a ktiw. koW cmK- sf
AZr-n-bn [ym\-n Zin-v, D]m-knv, a{-ip-n-bm DWn-m-Sp-tm \mZ,
kzc, cmK-tkm-]m-\- Ib-dp bYm
D]m- k - I - c mb Kmb- I v hnhm- Z n- b n- ,
kwhmZn am{X-ta-bp-q. ssZzX-an-, AssZz-Xta- b p- q. hnhm- Z - s bpw kwhm- Z - a m- p- hs a\-kn\pw kaq-l-n\pw imn Acpfp Kpcphpw alm-`n-ppw BIm Ign-bq.
koWhpw AXy-]qh-hp-amb cmK--fnse
ssZhnI tim`-bn-tev AXo-{o-b-amb Hcp
a\kv {]th-in-p-tm AXv Hcp cXv\-ambn
Pzen-p-p. A-cs
- amcp AXy-]qhcmK-amWv
XymK-cm-P'' tUm. kphW \me-mv XpScp--p. ""hnhmZn Fm tIm kpJ-an-
m-Xv F Aw. IqSp-X

koWhpw ]mSn-^-en-n-m km[m-cW
Kmb-Iv {]bm-khpw Fm-Wv. (More Complex Complicated Music) euIn-I-amb B\-n \nv F{Xtbm hyXy-kvXhpw hfsc
A]-cn-Nn-X-hp-amb Aeu-In-Im-\--ns taJe-I-fn-tev t]mepw \ Kmb-Iv AXneqsS \s sImp-t]m-Im-\m-hpw. I\-Imw-Kn,
am\-hXn apX-emb 15 hnhmZncmK- ]mSntn XymK-cm-P CXm-bn-cn-Ww AcwK injy-mv sUtamkvt{Sv sNbvXXv. I\-Imw-Kn, h\-kv]-Xn, am\-h-Xn, \mK-\n-\n, iqen-\n, hmK-[o-iz-cn, \mkn-Im-`q-j-Wn,
amc-c-RvPn\n apX-emb hnhmZn cmK- ]mSn
]e It-cn-I-fnepw AXns kpJw ]dv
]Tn-nv
tbip-Zmkv
sUtamkvt{Sv sNp-Xv
tIn-p-v. Akm-[m-cW
Ignhpw km[-\bpw B-hnizm-khpw D-hp am{Xta
CXn\p ]p-I-bp-q-shv {]tXy- I nv ]d- t b- - X n- tm?
Dissonance (hn-hm-Zn) Hcp \
kwKo-X-s kwKo-X-nm-Xv hnhmZn ]mSm
t]Snv ]mSm-Xn-cn-p-tm-g-,
hnhm-Znsb kwhm-Zn-bm-m
lrZb kwhm- Z - a m- m- \ p
kwKo- X - m- \ hpw arZpXz
t_m[hpw am[p-cyhpw Icp-Wbp-ap lrZ-b-n \nv HgpIp-tm-gm-Wv.'' kwKo-Xm-apm-c tbip-Zm-kns kwKoXw F{X hnI-eam-bn-mWv hne-bn-cp-n-bn-cn-p-Xv A
Gp ]mSn-bn-cn-p--Xv.
sim- p- S n- s b Gp- s I- nb kwKoX
{]Xn`
tbip-Zm-kns\ Hcp icm-i-cn-m-c-\mbn hnebn-cp-p kwKo-Xm-ap-m-c sim-pSn
{io\n-hm-k- Hcp seP v BsWv ]d-bpp. AXn-\mbn Atlw ]d-bp Imcy-
CXmWv ""GXp Kmb-I\pw Bth-i-am-Im
t]m B-k-a-c-ns ApX hnP-b-amWv
sim-pSn-bpsS kwKo-Xw. henb ey-
Ip-sIm-p ITn\ km[-\-bpsS \mfp-Ifn At-l-n\v imco-cn-I-tijn \-s
k`-ap-m-bn. FtmXcw H Fv tIncn-p--h ]d-p-t]m-Ip Xc-n-embn
sim- p- S n- b psS ]mv . At- l - ns Cu
Zpxn-Xn-bn IcpW tXmn-b-h amXp-es

am[y- a - a mb hb- e n- \ n- t ev amdn- s m- m
At-ls t]cn-n-p. AXn\v Iqm-msX
tImtcn cmP- ] pcw sshZy- \ m- Y - A - sc
t]mse kzw ]cn-an-Xn-Isf Fs\ km[yX-bmn amm-sav sim-pSn a\-p-cp-n.
{ItaW A\p-\m-kn-IXzw IqSp-X-ep imco-cn\v tbmPn Hcp \mK- k z- c - h m- W nv
Atlw kzcq]w sImSp-p. AXv cmKm-em-]\-sf kpK-ahpw kpJ-Zm-b-I-hp-am-n. amdnb
{ipXn At-l-ns kwKo-X-n hnti-js kvss{XW-Im-nbpw tNp.
hmbvmpw D]-I-cW kwKo-Xhpw ka-\z-bn-n
B kwKoX ssien Ffp- - n {]Nmcw
t\Sn. a[p-c-aWn A-sc-t]mse ]mn A\mbmkw Xncn- - d n- b m Ignbp hyn-Xz-ambn simp- S nbpw {]Xn- j v T n- - s - p.
temI-sa-mSpw At-l-n\v
Bcm-[-I-cp-m-bn.''
Fv Ap-X-amWv kwKoX-tem-Iv sim-pSn ImnbXv? kwKo-Xs IW-ItTmcamn-btXm? lrZy-amb
i_vZ-n\v DS-a-bmWv simp- S n- s bv At- l - ns
]mp-tI-n-p \njv]--a-Xnbmb Hcp t{imXmhpw kXn- n- . ]mv t{imXm- h n\v
tIm kpJ-ap--Xm-bn-cn- W w. AXn- msX _mn
Fp-m-bnpw Fp-Imcyw?
sim- p- S n- b psS ISp Bcm- [ - I - c psS
sImSnbpw ]nSnp \S-p kwKo-Xm-apm-c sim-p-Sn-bpsS Ah-km\ Zi-I-fnse It-cn-I IW-I-tTm-c-sav k-Xnp-tm ItTm-c-sa i_vZ-n-\p-t]mepw
\mw Dt-in-p--Xn-s\-m ImTn-\y-ap-s-dn-bp-I. sim-p-Sn-bn-eqsS kwKo-X-ns
hfbpw hnIm- k hpw hne- b n- c p- p- - h
sNs- p- Xv Xs m\w Dd- n- m
Iui-e--fpsS Hcp ]c-c Xs \S-nb
Hcp icm- i - c n- m- c s \ne- b n- t e- m- W v .
tIhew Amw mkns hnZym-`ymk ]m-e-n \npw IWm-SI kwKo-X-ns
Ipe-]-Xn-bm-Im-\p {ia-nev t_m[-]qhw
]e Iq-ep-Ifpw Ingn--ep-Ifpw IpXn-Im
shp-Ifpw \S-n-bn-p BfmWv {io simpSnbpsS {]i- k v X n- b psS {][m\ tlXp.
]mTw HIvtSm-_ 2013
87
Fm Xncp-hn-Xmw-Iqdns AXnn ISm kzmXn Xncp-\m-fns Io-\-v

Xa-kvI-cWw \Ip--Xn\v sim-pSn Xmdm-bn-cpp Ftmp-I. kzmXn Xncp-\m
IrXn-I sim-p-Snp apt apkncn kp{_Wy A ]mSn-bn-cp--Xmbn At-l-ns
injy Sn.-sI. tKmhn-d
- mhp ]d-X
- mbn Cncm- t a- t \m tcJ- s - S p- p- p, sim- pSn
Xs {io_m-ea
- p-cf
- o-IrjvW Xncp-h\
-
- ]
- p-cv
]mSm h-tm _me-ap-c-fo-Ir-jvW-bpsS
kwKoXw Bcpw tI- c p- s Xv Xs
hnZymn- I n- S - b n
{]N-cWw \S-nb Bfmbn-cpp (Po-hnX kvac-WI AUz.- I p- a - c Iw
ipn tat\m, ae-bmfw
hmcn-I). AXns ck-I-camb ]cn-Wmaw Ipa-cIw
ipn tat\m Xs
B-I-Y-bn hnh-cn-pp-v. _me-ap-c-fo-Ir-jvWbpsS \mZ-[m-c-bn ebnv
Xr]vX-\mb {io Nnnc
Xncp-\m _me-cm-a-h
alm-cm-Pmhv At-l-n\v
km\w sImSp-p--Xp-hsc-sb-n. _me-ap-c-fo-Irjv W - b psS i_v Z - a - [ p- c n- a bn sim-pSn Akz-\m- b n- c p- - X n Ipa- c Iw
ipn tat\m kmn.
A-s\-sb-n tbip-Zm-kns i_vZ-ns
Imcy-n Fp-Xcw hnIm-c-amWv {]I-Sn-nn-cn-pI?
hnI-e-amb hne-bn-cp--ep-I/ ]T-\-
D]-cn-hn--h-amb cN-\-IsIm-v aebmfw
kp--am-Wv. Bg-n-ep ]T\w A\n-hm-cyamb taJ-e-I-fn-sem-mWv IWm-SI kwKoXw. \n`m-Ky-hi
- m ae-bm-f
- n Cu hnjbw
ssIImcyw sNbvXX
- mbn ImWp-h
- Gsdbpw
amsm-en-m-cm-Wv. tUm.-a[p hmkp-tZ-hs
kwKo-Xmap Hcp-Zm-l-cWw am{X-am-Wv. ]e
kwKo-X-cpw At-l-ns {K-n
Hcp ]cm-ai-n-\p-t]mepw Al-c-. ]{io
]n.-eo-ebpw Pb-hn-P-b-mcpw B Xa-kvI-c-Wns Hcp sNdnb DZm-l-cWw am{Xw. Nunepw {ZpX-nepw A\m-bmkw k-cn-p
a\-bv cwK-cm-P\pw Cpw \mZ-kp-[m-c-kn ApX {]Xn-`-bmbn IW-m-m-hp
_me-ap-cf
- o-Ir-jvWbpw shdpw ]cm-ai-v
hnt[-b. kwKo-Xm-ap-m-c ae-bm-fn-Ifmb kwKo- X - - a m- c psS t]cp- I ]d- b ptm ]n.-eo-esb Hmp-I-t]mepw sNbvXnn-. AtX-k-abw sI.-Hm-a-\-p-nsb Hmpp-p-Xm-\pw. kzc-am-[p-cn-bnepw cmKm-em-]\
ssien-bnepw bix-i-co-c-bmb ]n.eo-e-bpsS Ggb-ev Fmt]mepw tbmKy-bn-m--h
hsc Ct-l-ns {ibvv ]m{Xo-`-hn-ptm ]n.-eoe Xa-kvI-cn--s-Xv {]m[m-\yaln-p-p. ]n.-eo-e-bpsS kwKo-X--tcn
tIp-hm Hcp-Xh
- W XSnp-Iq-Sn-bn-p P\-k--bns \qdn-sem-p-t]mepw
kwKo-Xm-ap-m-c hnhcn- p ap- ] m- p- I m- c nIsmpw Xs Inn-bncn-m CS-bn-. Kpcp-hm-bq
t{X- n
\mw
tIp "tIim- Z n- ] m- Z hWw' ]n.-eo-eb
- psS \mhn
\npw hcp--Xm-Wv. Ahsc
\mcm-b-Wobw Be-]n-m
Xnc-s-Sp-p-tm Hw
i_v Z - ] - c n- t im- [ - \ - b v mbn
h-h Nn-d-m-scm-p-a-.
`mc-Xc
- Xv\w Fw.-Fk
- v. kpe-a
v n, Fw.-F.-hk
-
- I
- p-amcn, Un.-sI. ]-m Fn-hcm- W - h . ]n.- e o- e - b psS
Ghpw henb ZptcymKw
Ah Hcp A{_m-W kv{Xo F-Xn-ep-]cn
ae-bm-fn-bm-sW--Xn-\m-em-Wv. AXp-sIm-mWtm ]{io ]pc-kvImcw ac-Wm-\--c-ambn
Inp-hm Xan-gv\m-Sns in]mi thn-h-Xv. ]n.-eo-esb kwKo-X--I-fpsS \ma--fpsS
Iq-n\npw hnp-t]m-b-Xn\npw kwKoXm-ap-Im-c Ah-cpsS It-cn-I HpwXs tIn-n--sb--\p-am-\n-mw. sshWn-IcpsS Imcy-nepw hne-bn-cp-e
- p-I \S-p
a[p-hm-kp-tZ-h, cmtPjv sshZy F hoW
am{n-I-s\-p-dnv ]cm-ain-n-t-bn-.
"IWm-SI kwKo-X-temIw' F t]cn
{ioaXn.{io- I p- a mcn cma- N - { Fgp- X nb
]pkv X Iw Xa- k v I - c - W - n- e q- n- b - X m- W v .
IWm-SI kwKo-X--bmb Fw.-F-kv.-jo-ebpsS t]cv Bhn-s-gp-Xp-tm kwKo-X-bmb ]n.-eo-ebpw ioImgn tKmhn-c
- m-P\pw
Xa-kvI-cn--s-Sp-p. kn\n-a-bn ]mSn-tmbn
F alm A]-cm-[-amWv CXn\v Imc-W-ambn

tXmp--Xv. blqZn sa\q-ln F temtImc hb-en-\nv t]mepw Ap-X-tmsS
{ihn hb-en hmZ-\-amWv Fw.-F-kv. tKm]me-Ir-jvW-t-Xv. At-lhpw {ioIp-amcn cma-N{s ]pkvX-I-n ISp IqSn-bn-n-. Dcn-m XpS-n-bm Cu teJ-\w hfsc hepXm-Ip-sa--Xn-\m Xmew hnSp-p.
Sn.-sI.-ch
- o-{-\m-Yn-sbpw kwKo-Xm-ap-Imc-sbpw apw D]-cn--h-amb cN-\-I-sf-m
Fp-sImpw aXn-ln-p ]pkvX-I-amWv
hn.- S n. apc- f n- b psS "cmK- a - e bmfw'. AXp- t ]m- s e- X s
{i-bln-p-X
- mWv kwKoX- - \ mb tZh- c m- P s\
kw_-n-p "tZh-cmKw'
F IrXn. Hcp thf Ign
Xe-ap-d-bnse Fm {]K-cmb Kmb-I-scbpw hne-bn-cpm Ign-hp-m-bn-cp tZhcm-P F kwKoX
Xs ap- b v t{Xnse
It- c n- s b- n
Cs\ Hmp- p. ""apbv ]mm- k zman Fp
hnfn- p ]m- k m- c Yn
F Hcm-fp-m-bn-cp-p, AUzt- v , ap- b v ]mSm
hcp kwKoX hnZzm-m Pn.F._n., simp-Sn, Be-q ktlm-Z-c-m, kmq F.Pn. kp{_- Wyw Fn- h - s cms At- l ns hon- e m- b n- c pp Xma- k w. At- l ns a\-kn-ep {]K--m-cns Bfmbn-cp-n Rm. AXp-sImv ASp-n-cpv
]mp-tIm Ah-cpsS a\kv A\p-h-Zn-n. Asms {_m-W-mm-Wtm Ae-n ]mSm Ah-Im-iw. ]qWq Cm-h-\mb Fs ]mv Ah AIse t]mbn-bncpv tIp. ]mv alm t_mdm-bn-cn-p-sa
aphn-[n-tbm-sS-bmWv Ah Zqsc sNn-cp-Xv. Pn.-F.-_ n-b p-s Sbpw apw ssien- bpsS
kzm[o-\-ap Fs ]mv C-s--Xp-sImmhpw Iptd--gnv Ah apn ASp-ph-n-cpv ]mv tIp. Ipd-p-I-gn--tm hbem cma-hbpw ap\n-c-bn hn-cp-p.
XpSv cm-Kw, Xm\w, ]-hnbpw ]mSn--gn-tm ap\n-c-bn XpSn Hcmq-w. IyqWn-p-Im-scms Ahn-sS-hv Ccn-p-d-n-p.
Ans\ Rm kwKoX t{]an-Iv AwKo-
I-cn--s--h-\mbn. (Pn.-tZ-h-cm-P kwKo-Xns cmP-in-ev]n)

Am-asse bpWn-th-gvkn-n-bn \npw
IWm-SI kwKoXw ]Tn-p-h Xrq-Wn-pd- m- c inh- c m- a \mb F kwKo- X s t]cp-t]mepw \psS kwKoX Ncn-{XIm-c-mv Am-X-am-Wv. At-l-ns
kwKoXw anI \ne-hmcw ]pep--XmsWv tZh-cm-P am tcJ-s-Sp-n-bn-pv.
Hm Cym tdUn-tbm-bn Hcp A{_m-W AXpw tZh-cm-Ps
- \-tmse-bp Hcm Itcn \Sm t]mb- t m- g p- mb
A\p-`hw Atlw hnh-cnp-Xv t\mp-I. ""]noSmWv Xncp- h n- X mw- I q
tdUntbm \nebw F-dn-bs-Sp Xncp-h-\--]p-cs
t{_mUvIm-nwKv tj
\ne- h n h- Xv. Av
Ahn-Ss tj Ub-d {io\n-hmk A (Iae ssIemkv \mYv F
kwKo-X--bpsS A)
Bbn-cp-p. tkXp-cm-a-
Akn- v tj Ub-d-dpw. ]mSm B{K-ln-p Kmb-I X\nv
]mSm Ign-bp GXm\pw ]mp-I apIqn
tj Ub-d-v Ab-p-sIm-Sp-p-Ibpw
A[n-Ir-X AXn\nv NneXv sXc-sSpv Adn-bn-pw. AXv Ah \nbn-p
Znhkw t]mbn ]mS-Ww. apqv amk- IqSptm am{Xta ]cn-]mSn \Im-hq-shv BImi-hmWn \nb-a-am-Wv. AXm-bn-cpp As
Fm \ne-b-n-sebpw t]mse Xncp-h-\-]pcw \ne-b-n-se-bpw. Hcn- tZh-cm-P
Ah-cpsS t{]m{Kmw A\p-k-cnv Fn-b-tm
AhnsS ]mns Imcy- ssIImcyw
sNp hn`m-K-n Atlw Ab-p-sImSp ]mp-I-fpsS env ImWp-n-. AXn-\m
Ah ap Io-\- A\ukv sNm
Xp-S-n. ]t tZh-cm-P AXv ]mSn-bn-.
]mSm Xm-dmbn Fgp-Xn-sm-Sp ]mp-Itf
]mSm-\m-Iq-shv Xpd-p-]-d-p. Cu env
At-l-ns ssIbn Dm-bn-cp-p. AXv
ImWn-p. HSp-hn B ]mp-I Xs ]mSn.
AXn-\m {]t-]Ww ]v an\nv sshIn.
amth-en-c IrjvWIpn \mbcpw Nme-pSn
]mTw HIvtSm-_ 2013
89
\mcm-b-W-kzm-an-bp-am-bn-cpp Av IqsS hmbn-Xv. tZh-cm-Ps Hcp BZy-Ime {]t-]-Wm\p-`hw''. (Pn.-tZ-h-cm-P kwKo-X-ns cmPin-ev]n)
tZh-cm-Pam- F kwKo-X- IayqWnv ]mn-bpsS kl-bm-{Xn-I-\m-bn-cp-n-sp-h-bvp-I. At-l-ns kwKo-X-m\w
Htm ctm BIm-i-hmWn ]cn-]m-Sn-bn-eqsS
Ah-km-\n-p-am-bn-cp-p. tZh-cm-P F {]Xn`m-[-\\p Inn-bXv CXm-sW-n _mn-bp-h-cp-tSXv ]d-bm-Xn-cn-p--XmWv t`Zw.
Ccn-s Hcp ]me-mv cma-\m-Y!
IWm- S I kwKoX Ncn- { X- I m- c \pw
kwKoXmap cN-bn-Xmhpw Hcp-anv kanm B{K- l n- p hkv X pX IWm- S I
kwKoXw {_m-Ws Ip-I-bm-sW-nepw
Ah A{_m--Wv tbmKy-X-bpsS ASnm-\-n m\w \Im aSn-m-Wn-ncp-n Fp--Xm-Wv. CXv hmkvX-htam?
A\l- c mb At\Iw {_mW kwKo- X kwKoX Iem-\n[n ]hpw t`kn Acv BSn-n-anp-tm IWm-SI kwKoXs AXns hmNym- nepw AmsXbpw Dsm-m Ign A{_m--W
{]tXy-Inpw AhW t_m[-]q-amb XakvI-c-a-n\v Cc-bm-hp-I-bmWv Dm-b-Xv. AXn\p-Zm-l-c-W-amWv t\cs {]Xn-]m-Zn \mZkz-c-s-p-dn-p Ncn-{Xw. {_m-Wv
kz-a-m Htc-sbmcp kwKo-tXm-]-I-c-WamWv \mZ-kz-cw. Fn\v A{_m--W-cpsS
Ip- I - b m- b n- s \mZ- k z- c s \ne\nWw F Nn-bn\n-p-am-bn-cn-Ww
IWm-SI kwKoX Ncn-{X-Im-c Xs {Kns ]pXnb ]Xn-n Fp-sIm-mWv
{_m-W \mZ-kzcw hmbn-pXn hnap-Jcm-bXv F hkvXpX hnp-If
-
X
- v. Cu "hnp'
t]mI Xam-i-bm-bn-m-sW-n, Hcp ae-bmf
kn\n-a-bn Hcp kmnI \mZ-kzc hnZzm
]nd-hn-sb-Sp-p ]me-mv cma-\m-Y. {]nbZis "shw' F kn\n-a-bn. ChnsS cma\m-Y F \mZ-kzc hnZzm Hcp Xangv {_mW. Fm-bmepw A kap-Zm-b
- n Xmsgb Abm. shw kn\n-a-bpsS \nm-Xmhmb ta\- I bpw kwhn- [ m- b - I - \ p- s ampw
"IWm-SI kwKoX Ncn-{Xhpw', "Fw.-F-kv.
kwKo-Xhpw Pohn-Xhpw' XpS-nb ]pkvX-I hmbn-n-p-m-In-. AXp-sIm-m-IWw
\mZ-kzc hnZzm {_m-W\
- mb ]me-mp cma\m-Y F IYm-]m{Xw Hcp a--c-ambn
]nd-hn-sb-Sp--Xv. {_m-W-Ip-e-nepw Ccns Hcp \mZ-kzc hnZzm!

tUm.-cmw-a-t\m-l temly Cs\ ]d-bpp. ""Cu \mnse Fm cm{o-b-pw..
tIm{K-n-sbpw Iayq-Wn-p-Im-cp-sSbpw
tkmjy-en-p-Im-cp-sSbpw cmjv{So-b-v
tZio-b-amb tbmPn-ns hnim-e-amb taJ-ebp-v. AXv tkmt-i-am-tWm-sbv F\n--dnbn-. samw P\-kw-Jy-bpsS apm]-MIv
hcp iq{Z-tcbpw kv{XoI-sfbpw Ah-Im-i-fn \npw amn- \ npI F- X m- W - X v .
IWm-SI kwKo-Xs kw_-npw CXp-Xs- b m- W v kXyw. \psS Ncn- { X- I m- c - mscpw \ncq-]-I-scpw Ah-Im-i-s-Sp--h
ImWmsX t]mIp-Xpw CXp-X-s.
Bibliography
1.
IWm-SI kwKoX Ncn-{Xw, 1984, F._n.-F-kv., Sn.-sI. cho-{-\mYv
2.
IWm-SI kwKoX Ncn{Xw, 2000, `mjm
Cn-yqv, Sn.-sI. cho-{-\mYv
3.
kwKo-XmYap, tUm.-a[p hmkp-tZ-h
4.
\mZ-eb knp, tUm.-kp-hW \me-mv
5.
Fw.-F-kv. Pohn-Xhpw kwKo-X-hpw, Sn.-sP.F-kv. tPmPv
6.
t{Kv amtgvkv Hm^v IWm-SnIv ayqknIv,
Cncm tat\m
7.
IWm-SI kwKoX amen-I, Fw.-Un.-am-[h
8.
IWm-SI kwKoX temIw XymK-cmP, ]n.-kmw-_-aqn
9.
tIcf tem ssSwkv, 1975
10.
`mc-Xob kmlnXy knm--, s\n apc-fo-[-c
11.
tZh-Ko-Xn-I, tZh-cm-P kvac-WnI
12.
Pn.-tZ-hc
- m-P kwKo-X
- ns cmP-in-ev]n,
s]cp-pg tKm]m-e-Ir-jvW
13.
sNss kwKo-Xhpw Pohn-X-hpw, Pb-hnP-b
14.
iyma-im-kv{Xn-I, hnZym-i-
15.
cmK-a-e-bm-fw, hn.-Sn.-ap-cfn
16.
\msfbpw \m-hm \, sI.-]n.-hnP-b
17.
ae-bmfw hmcnI
18.
19 mw \qm-nse tIc-fw. `mkv-c-\pn
\bXmc
kmln-Xy-sa-gp-Xp-tm
(tUm.-F-kv. imc-Z-p-n-bpsS "s]p-S-ens {]Jym-]-\-
Pb-`m-cXn apX Imhym-am-[-h hsc' F teJ-\s-p-dnv)
t U m .-F-v.
imc-Z-pn sân-\nv
hnh{]h-\--fn Gsv {]i-kvXbmb Hcp {]uV-h-\n-X-bm-Wv. ae-bm-f-n
Ahv ka-ioj-cmbn am-cp-an Fp-hsc
Icp-X-s-Sm-hp Xc-n-em-bn-cpp ImgvN-mcp-sSbpw Bkzm-Z-I-cp-tSbpw CS-bn AhcpsS m\w. Atm- g mWv joe, imc- Z ,
Imhym-am-[-h, jo-e, \bXmc XpS-nb-h A{X-tm-ftam AXn Ihn Afhntem hn-h-Im-cn-I-fmWv Fv tUm. imc-Zpn Xs Ah-Im-i-s-p-sImv cwKv
hcp--Xv. ("s]-p-S-ens {]Jym-]-\-
Pb-`m-cXn apX Imhym-am-[-h hsc' amXr`qan BgvN--Xnv 2008 \hw-_ 28) "s]mXp
kaq-l-ns AS-p-h-bv-s Ima-\-Isf
Xr]vXn-s-Sp-p'XpsIm-mWv ImgvN-mc\v apn icocw kzX-{-am-p joebpw \bXmcbpw apw hn-h-Im-cn-I-fm-IpXv Fv Ah ]d-bp-p. imc-Z-p-n-bpsS
kmwkvIm-cnI ]T-\- hn-h-I-c-am-p-Xn\v Imc-Whpw s]mXp-k-aq-l-ns ASp-h-bv-s Ima-\-Isf Xr]vXn-s-Sp-pXv sImm-h-Ww.
]W-n\v thn Xs icocw kzX-{am-nb `mcy-bpsS {]hn CjvS-s-SmsX
s]mn-s-dn "\nam-ey'-nse shfn--mSns\ hnainv Xn--f-bp-tm hmb-\m-c-s- tNm-Z-\-I DWcp-p. Icp-W-bnse
hmk-h-Z F ]w sInb cmn hnfn-tm D]-Kp-]vX t]mIm--Xn sân\nv ]cm- X n- s - S p- t m hmb- \ - m- c s
Ima\I D- c n- - s - S p- I bpw shdpsX
an\n Fkv.
ivaim\ h\ \Sn t_md-Sn-n Ipamc-\m-ims\ shdp-p-Ibpw sNp-p. "X-fn-I-bn s]mepambv h ssXamk Xangv
s]t \ns Ge-n-\p-n Bscbpw abp a{-aptm A\wK a{-ap-tm.........'
Bim, Fw.-Sn. XpS-nb iey-sf Bntbm-Snv Cu hnh dnbm-en-n-tjm-bn imcZ- p- n- s mw apgp- I p- t m Ima- \ - I
Bpw XSp- m ]m Ah- - b n
Fn-t-cp-p. ImgvN-m-cpsS ASn--as Ima- \ - I F{X D- c n- mepw joebpw \bXm-cbpw B{I-an--s-Sn. Fsm Ah Hcp sXcphv \mS-I-n-e A`n\- b n- p- - X v . Xnfp shn- n- c - b n
]Xn- { h- X - I - f mbn Ah hnf- p- p. henb
am[yam]- \ - - f psS shn- n- c - b n
tUm.imc- Z - p- nbpw kpc- n- X - b m- b n- c n- pp. Fm sXcp- h n \np sImv
sNdnb XpIbvv Xs icocw kzX-{-amp-Ibpw s]mXp kaq-l-ns AS-p-h-bvs Ima- \ - I sf Xr]v X n- s - S p- p- I bpw
sNp sXcphv thiy sân-\n-n\v hn-hIm-cn-bm-Ip-n-. Hcp \nnX hj-tbvv
Xs icocw BtKmfI-\n-Iv h {]Xnêw hmn ]Wbw hbvp hniz-kp-cnbpw henb am[ya ev icocw kzX{-am-p sân-\npw hn-h-Im-cn-I-fmWv.
Fm sNdnb XpIbvv tem I-a-dpambn CS-]mSv \S-p sXcphv thiy shdp-s--h-fm-Ip-p. Xs ico-c-n\v henb
]mTw HIvtSm-_ 2013
91
XpI hne-t]in hmp-tm-gmWv Hcp thiy

hn-h-Im-cn-bmbn amdp-Xv Fw. B
tImSn-I-fmWv Ahsc kmaq-lnI hncp--c-mXmn amp--Xv. ""kzw ico-cs BSnm-Sm, t\m-v hi-s-Sm hnp-sImSp-p-tm Ch kmaq-lnI hncp--cm-Ip-Ib-. ]c-ky-ambn AwKo-I-cn-m aSn-p
A`n-Pm-X t]mepw Chsc Dp-sImv BZcn-p-Ibpw Bcm-[n-p-Ibpw sNp-p.'' AXpsImv Hcp hn]-\bvv Hcp tImSntbm Hc-tm-Sntbm Int--Xp-spw AXv IWp-]-dv hmp--Xn-\-\p-k-cn-mWv hnh-n\v G-p-d-n-ep-I DmIp--sXpw A-c-n Imhymam- [ - h Hmw- X cw hn- h - I m- c nbm-sWpw Ah ]d-bp-p.
C\n-bp-apv Is--ep-I.
kn\na Ip-]n-Sn-Xv Xs
icocw kzX-{-am-m-\m-bn-cp-ph - s { X . "" I e - s b \ n e - b n
AXns apJy D]m[n ico- c - a mWv.'' icocw kaq-l-at[y Xpdv
hbvp-Xv \-sfms IcpXpw
t]mse Hcp Ip-a-. ""s]hm-Wn`-htam _emkw-Ktam t]mse
Hcp B n tkmjy {Inan- \
Ip-a'' CXv. ]t tImS-Xnbvv As\
tXmn-bn-. \bXm-cbvv FXnsc tIkmbn. kmc- a n hn- h - I m- c n- I Pbn- e n
t]mIpw. C.-Fw.-Fpw F.-sI.-Pn.bpw t]mbnp-v. ^mkv Atkm-kn-tb-j-\nse h\nXm
{]Xn-\n[n Xs A`n-am-\-]qw Pmay-nen- d - pw. As- n Bp- t hWw Cu
kzmX{yw? lp hmvkv {ôUw? kh- ] - c pj ta[m- h nXz \nba hyh- - b nepw
tZio-b-X-bnepw Bp hnizm-kw. AXp-sImt \nba hyh- sb Imn]- d n
I\ym-Ip-amcn apX Imivao hsc-bp CcIsf Hnv tNm ss^k- e n- s \- t mep apow Iyq-Wn-p-Im {ian-p--Xv.
ico-cs {]m-\-n\v thn aqSn-smXnp hbvp--h-cmWv \Ivk-sse-p-I
(sI.-thWp kmn) Fpw I-h-S-mpthn DSp- p- I bpw Dcn- b p- I bpw sNp
hn-h-Im-cn-I-fmWv kn\nam \Sn-I Fpw
imc- Z - pn F Ipn--mfw samgn- b p- p.
As\ temI kn\namhnhw \bXmcbnepw temI Iyq-Wnv hn-hw sI.thWphnepw ImWp {Im-Zin-bmbn sân-\nv
amdp-p. amIvkpw sNKp-th-cbpw tImSm-v \nv hnhw XpS-p-p.

\bXm- c sb kmaq- l nI hncp- - a mbpw
\nb-a-hn-cp--ambpw ImWm--Xn\v Imc-Ww,
""]c- k v ] cw k- X - { ]- I mcw tIm{SmIv S v
Hnv ]Ww hmn-s-p sXmgn-em-WnXv''
F- X n- \ m- e mWv ]c- k v ] c k- X - { ]- I mcw
tIm{SmIvSv Hnv ]Ww hmn sNp
Xs {]hr-nsb thiym-hr-n-sbv hnfn-cpXv Fpw Xs ssewKnI sXmgn-emfn
Fp hnfn-Ww Fp-amWv \fn\n Paoe
]d-bp--Xv. kzh ssewKnIX t{]mm-ln-n-pI FXmWv Iyq- W nv ]mn
Gs-Sp-t hnh {]h\-sav Fw.-F. t__n ]d-bpp- v . ssewKnI sXmgn
kwKoXw t]mse {ihnp
hn-hm-\-c \memw temIw
Imn-cn-p--h-cmWv Fw.-]n.
]c-ta-iz-c, hn.-kn.-lm-cn-kv,
Fw. KwKm-[-c, hniz-`-{Zm-\
in-t_m-[n, Im sFe
XpS-n-b-h. AXm-bXv ZfnXn-v--s^-an-\n-v--I-yq-Wnv
hnhw Fp ]d-bp-Xv
\bXmc apJy-I-Ym-]m-{X-ambpw Im sFe, imc-Z-p-n, Fw.-F.-t_-_n, Fw.-]n. ]cta-iz-c XpS-n-b-h kl-\-So-\-S-m-cmbpw
A`n-\-bn-p Xangv kn\n-a-bmWv
Fw.
"]c- k v ] c k- X - { ]--I mc'amWv F- X mWs{X ssewKnI sXmgn, Ip-I-c-a--Xm-hm\pw, hn-h-I-c-am-Im\pw Imc-W-ambn sân\nv ]d- b p- - X v . ]c- k v ] c k- X - a m- s Wnepw kv{Xov \nnX {]mb-]-cn-[n-bn-sn _emkw-K-ambn ]cn-K-Wnpw F
hkvXpX adp ]nSn-p-p. C\n, ]ckv]ck-X-ns Imcy-n-tev IS-mtem, \thm-m\]q tIc-f-n-se- ssiih hnhm-lhpw kw_hnhmlhpw ASn-ahpw Fmw ]c-kv]ck-X-m \S-Xv
X-s. kXn k{-Zm-b-n Ip NnXbn-tebvv \S kv{Xobpw k-X-tmsS
Xs- b mWv t]mb- X v Fp IcpXn AXv
FXn-s-Sm-Xn-cp-n-. AXn\v hnt[-b-s- h - c m- b n- c p- n hn- h - I m- c n- I . Ahsb
tNmZyw sNbvX-h-cm-bn-cp-p. a[p-c-]m-\o-bhpw
hnjhpw IS- b n t]mbn hne- s Im- S pv
hmn kzta-[bm Ien IpSpw-_-hp-samv

IpSnv acn-p IjI Z-Xn-Ifpw ]ckv ] c k- X - t m- s S- b mWv B {]hrn
sNp- - X v . Fm _pn- a m- y- a n- m
Ghpw A-dnbmw DXv]mZ-t\-X-c-amb Bkq{X-Whpw hymP km-nI`{ZX \Ip
BtKmf aqe-[-\-hp-amWv CXv Ah-sc-smv
sNn-p-Xv Fv. AXp-t]mse Hcp kn\nam\Sn- b psS hkv { X- a p- c n- b p- Xpw DSp- n- pXpw ]W-am-Wv. Xo{h-hm-Zs \nn-pXv t]mse ssewKn-I--am-[ya hyhkmbsf krjvSn-p-Xpw aqe-[\-am-Wv. kn\nam \Sn-I Nne-tm
]{X-k-t-f-\-n s]mn--c-psImv Xs icocw Bsmstbm ]Ww Dm-m-\p hgnbm-bn-cpp Fv shfn-s-Sp-pp-v. kn\nam \Sn-bpsS ""{]Wb- s - p- d npw aph- c n- - pIn- S - b nse hnS- h n- s \- pdnpw'' \S-m-cpsS `mcy-am-cpsS
Xe- a p- S n- s b- p- d npw N
sNp tKmkn-p-Ifpw t\ctm-p-Ifpw \nd Hcp
temI-tbvv \psS Hgnhn- S - sf kn\n- a m- - t d- U ntbm--Sn.-hn. ]{X-am-[y-a-
Iqn-smv t]mIp-p. Fv
aWn-q ]Wn, Fv aWn-q
hnt\mZw Fv amIvkv ]d-np--t{X. ]Wn Fm-bmepw sImSp-m ]n. AXn-\m Aayq-kvsa v ]mp-I-fpsS
hnkvab ImgvN-I-fpsS hnt\m-Z-n apgp-Imw.
(apow Iyq-Wnv kplr-ns bpn-tbmSv
IS-m-Sv) Fm Ch-sbms \nn-p-Xv
]pdv \nv Fp ]W-am-Wv. s]p-Sens {]Jym-]-\- \S-p Sqdnv hyhkm- b - s bpw jo- e - s bbpw imc- Z - p- nsbbpw "^bdn's\bpw amXr-`qan BgvN--Xnn-t\bpw ssewKnI ]mTy-]--Xn-sbbpw Hs
\nn-p-Xv Htc in-I-fm-Wv. i_-cn-ae
A--im-n-am-cpsS ASn hbv-s Ima\- I sf Xr]v X n- s - S p- m s]Ip- n- I sf
Iqn-sm-Sp CS-\n-e-m-cn-bpsS AkvXn-Xzn Hcp Fgp-p-Im-cnsb Fn-p-Xv
Itm-f-am-Wv.
]v kv{Xosb XpWn DSp-n-Xpw Dcn-bnXpw {_mWaX-ns {]Xyb imkv{Xam-bn-cp-p. Av amdv ad-bvn-sv kv{XoI
imTyw ]nSn-Xv {_mWaX-tm-Sp hnt[b-Xz-am-bn-cp-p. ]t imc-Z-p-nv Ah

""hocmw-K\''amcm-bn-Xo-cp-p. Cu hocmw-K-\am Xs ]pd-n-d-n-b-tm ad-p-S-bvpn-embncpp FXv ad-p-]n-Sn-p-p. amdv
ad- b v m- X n- c n- pI FXv ad- p- S - t ]mse
Xs \c-I-am-sWv Xncn--dn--tm-gmWv
Nmm elf Dm-b-Xv. ico-c-n\v taep
hyn- b psS Ah- I m- i - a mWv \thm- m\w
m]n-s-Sp-p--Xv. A[oi-hy-h ]d-bp-Xn-\-\p-k-cnv DSp-m\pw Ducn-h-bvm-\pap amwk- I - p- I - a icocw
Fv ]d- b m- \ mWv DSp- X p- W nt]mse Ip DS-ep-ambn
Bims koX `qan-bpsS Bg-fn-tebvv Bp-t]m-b-Xv. Fm
sân- \ nv tIc- f ob Ncn- { Xhpw
kv{Xo apt-hpw jo-e-bn
B c w - ` n - p - - p .
""kmwkvImcn-Im--cow
AS--Xm-hp-Ibpw
kzm`m-hnI ImgvN-I
A{]-Xy--am-hp-Ibpw
sNbvX-tm-gmWv tIcfob kaq-l-n\v
apn A`n- e m- j bpw
tcjvabpw jo-ebpw
amdnSw Xpdv ImnbXv . ''
am[ya ssewKn-IX
AYhm jo-e-bp-sSbpw \bXm-c-bp-sSbpw
imc-Z-p-n-bp-sSbpw s]p-S-ens {]Jym-]\- Ima- \ - I sf Xr]v X n- s - S p- p- I - b
sNp--Xv. Ima-\-Isf hnI-eo-I-cn-p-I-bm-Wv.
cXn-b cXn-hy-Xn-bm-\--fmWv \nn--sSp- - X v . A{I- a m- k - - a mb cXn- b n- t e- b v v ,
\b\ t`mK-n-tebvv Iqn-smv t]mhpIbpw kzm`m-hn-I-amb cXnPohnXw A{]m-]yam-Ip-Ibpw jo-I-cn--s Hcp Xe-apd
Dm-Ip-Ibpw sNp-p. ssk_cXn ]gb
Kh-c-Xn-t]mse `b-n-tebvpw {`mntebvpw B-c-Xn-bn-tebvpw Iqn-smv
t]mhp-Ibpw kzm`m-hn-I-amb PohnXw Akm[y- a m- I p- I bpw sNp- p. A[o- i - h y- h
krjvSn-p ambnI temI-n Ac-nX-amb Hcp ]pcpj a\v "cma-cma' F a{[z\n DXn- t m B- c - X n- b n- t e- b v v ,
kzh-c-Xn-bn-tebvv A`bw {]m]n-p-I-bmbn-cp-p. AXp-t]mse ape, \nXw-_w Fo
]mTw HIvtSm-_ 2013
93
kn\nam \Sn-bpsS ""{]W-b-s-p-dnpw aph-cn--p-In-S-bnse hnShn-s\-p-dnpw'' \S-m-cpsS `mcy-am-cpsS Xe-ap-Sn-sb-p-dnpw N sNp

tKmkn-p-Ifpw t\c-tm-p-Ifpw \nd Hcp temI-tbvv \psS Hgnhn-S-sf kn\n-am--td-Un-tbm--Sn.-hn. ]{X-am-[y-a- Iqn-smv t]mIpp. Fv aWn-q ]Wn, Fv aWn-q hnt\mZw Fv amIvkv ]d-n-p-t{X. ]Wn Fm-bmepw sImSp-m ]n-. AXn-\m Aayq-kvsa v
]mp-I-fpsS hnkvab ImgvN-I-fpsS hnt\m-Z-n apgp-Imw. (apow IyqWnv kplr-ns bpn-tbmSv IS-m-Sv) Fm Ch-sbms \nnp-Xv ]pdv \nv Fp ]W-am-Wv. s]p-S-ens {]Jym-]-\-
\S-p Sqdnv hyh-km-b-sbpw jo-e-sbbpw imc-Z-p-n-sbbpw
"^bdn's\bpw amXr-`qan BgvN--Xn-n-t\bpw ssewKnI ]mTy-]--Xn-sbbpw
Hs \nn-p-Xv Htc in-I-fm-Wv. i_-cn-ae A--im-n-am-cpsS
ASn hbv-s Ima-\-Isf Xr]vXn-s-Sp-m s]Ip-n-Isf Iqnsm-Sp CS-\n-e-m-cn-bpsS AkvXn-Xz-n Hcp Fgp-p-Im-cnsb Fnp-Xv Itm-f-am-Wv.
]Z- Bhn- p- s Imv Hcp henb
kv{Xoi-co-c-n A`bw tXSp-tm apXem-fn--sam-cp-p ambnI hn{à Pohn-Xm Ac-n-X-amb tIc-fob kv{Xo Bc- X n- b n- t ebv pw kzh- c - X n- b n- t ebv pw
Fn- t - c p- I - b m- W v . imcZpn \bXmcsb [ym\n- p- - X ns kmaq- l nI a\imkv{Xw AXm-Wv.
D-Ie/\o-N-Ie hn`-P-\-ew-L-\w, IXrXz-ns ac-Ww, DS-ens cmjv{So-bw, Iebnse A]-\n-Kq-V-h-XvI-c-Ww, sân-\n-kw,
Cc-I-fpsS Hcp-a, Zfn-Xn-kw, ]cn-n-Xn-hmZw
XpSnb D-cm[n\nthi Nn-I-fpsS ]ckv ] c_hpw aqe- [ \Xmev ] - c yhpw ]mTw
amknI AXn-i--ambn shfn-s-Sppw hsc
Ch-sbmw CSXvhnhNn-I-fm-bmWv tIcf-n {]N-cn--Xv. Fm Cv, kXy-khpw \njvI-f--hp-ambn CXn hniz-kn--hcpsS CS-bn henb Hcp hnizm-k-Ibpw
Am- c - W - m ]nhm- - e p- I fpw au\fpw cq]-s-Sp-Ibpw sNbvXp. Ah-ti-jnp \yq\- ] - - n\v kzbw shfn- s v
am{Xta \ne- \ nm- \ mhq F Ah
Fn-tp. CS-Xp-] {]m-\--fpsS
Xs Ghpw Po-cm-jv{So-b-ns Fn
XnmWv Cc-I-fpsS cmjv{Sobw hf-cp-Xv
FXv ad-bn-msX shfn-sv InS-p-p. ]Wn\v thn-bmWv Cc-bm-Ip-Xpw Xo{h-hm94 ]mTw HIvtSm-_ 2013
Zn-bm-Ip-Xpw Fv At\z-jW DtZym-K-

Xs shfn-s-Sp-p-p. DS-ens cmjv{Sobw
F-Xn\v thsd Zmi-\nI kwhm-Z--fpsS
Bh-iy-an \bXm-c-bpsS DS-set Aapq Fv shfn-s-Sp-msX \ne-\nm
]m Ah hp tNp.
"Xnc-Y' F kn\n-abvv Hcp kn\nam
tKmkn-ns A\p-`-h-ap-v. AXn-sem-cn-Sv
\Sn-bpsS t^mtm FSp-p tUmIvS-tdmSv
t]mtWm-{Km^n t]mse Iv Bkz-Zn-m\p--X Ah-cpsS Pohn-X-sav Hcp IYm]m{Xw ]d-bp-p. icocw kzX-{-amn Ima\-Isf Xr]vXn-s-Sp-p kq hnhw
"t]mtWm-{Km^n'bnemWv km[y-am-Ip--Xv.
Ie-bnse \nKq-V-X-I apgp-h\pw XI
"dnb-en-khpw' dnbm-enn tjmbp-amWv AXv.
"t]mtWm-{Km^n'bmIm-\mWv I-hS kn\nabpw I-hS sân-\nv kmln-Xyhpw B{Kln-p--Xv. Cs\ sân-\npw _pn-Pohn-Ifpw ]d-bp-tm Xs CXv \S-n-em-nb
hn-h-Imcn ktm--jvam-[-h\pw A--tkhm
CS-\n-e-m-cnbpw Pbn-en InS-p-p. CXmWv
hyh amdWw Fv ]d-bp--Xv. Atmgpw
kn\nam taml- - f p- a mbn t]mbn "kzta[bm'{Iqc- a mbn sIm- s imcnbpw A\Lbpw t{]X--fmbn \ne-hn-fn-p-p. hnh
sân-\n-ns\ ISnp Iodp-p.
kmaq-lnI {]Xn-_--X-tbmsS
H.-F.-hn. Ipdppw
ae-_m tKmUpw
Fkv.-sI.
tIc-f\
- m-Sn\v _yqnbpw Izmfn-nbpw Dm-m
]-c-amv s]m-cn-hm ssIn-te-nb cv
[oc- h n- h {]m- \ - - f mWv ae- _ m
tKmUpw H.-F.-hn. Ipdp-pw. "Fhn-sSbm
hmKv Z `qan tNmZn- pRm/s\hn- s Sbm
kuh `qan' (hm- K v Z `qan) ae- _ m
tKmUp-t]mse kp-chpw ]cn-ip--hp-amb
kuh- t emIw ]Wn- b m thn- b p
at\m-lc
- a
- mb ]c-ky-hm-NI-f
- m-bnp AYhm
hn-h-I-hn-X-I-fm-bn-cpp H.-F.-hn.hn-X-I.
]I-ep-d-p--h-cpsS `qan
\mSns ]cn-ip-nv thn I-h-S-mcpw
Ihn-Ifpw Hcp-t]mse hne-]n-p-pv. ]v
AXn\v thn {ian-Xv {_m--W-a-Xhpw AhcpsS Aw_m-k-Uam-cmb Ihn-I-fp-am-bn-cp-p.
ssZh-ns inc-n \npw ]nd--h ]cnip--cm-bn-cp-p. _mn-bp--h Ahn-ip-
AYhm Abn--m Bbn-cp-p. Cv Cu
hnip-n-sb-p-dnv ]d-bp--Xv, "ssZhw Dv'
Fv Dd-n-p--Xv, Icn-ns AIv ]cnip--amb shw \nd--Xmcv? Fv Ap-Xsv tNmZn- p- Xv I- h - S - m- c m- W v.
]Waph hnip--cmbn amdp-p. ImcWw
Cv tcmKm-Wp-hn-ap--amb ]cn-ipn t\Snsm-Sp-p-Xv kzw, tkmv, ]uU, t]v,
\m]vIn, s^b\kv {Iow, N-\-n-cn, an\d hm XpS-n-b-h-bpsS I--h-S-m-cm-Wv.
Ah Fm Iem-Im-c-am-scbpw Ihn-I-sfbpw
kmwkv I m- c nI \mb- I - m- s cbpw X- f psS
{_m v Aw_m-k-Ua-cm-p-p. Fm Iem-]cn-]m-Sn-Ifpw Cu Itmfhnip-nsb m]n-
p--Xm-bn-cn-pw. hnip--amb \K-c-v

thn- b mWv , AYhm kv a mv knn- I v
thn-bmWv ]{X- hnti-j--Xn-p-I Cdp--Xv, Zriyam[y-a- Ah-cpsS Fm ]cn]m-Sn-Ifpw ko-I-cn-p--Xv. I-mpw
sIm-mpw {]th-i-\-an-m Ihpw
NXn-bp-an-m I-h-S-m-cpsS Imh-em-fp-Ifm cn-s
- hn-Ifpw ^vfmp-If
- p-am-Ip
hmKv Z `qanv thn- b mWv Ipn- I fpw
apXn-hcpw ]mp-I ]mSp--Xv. IrjvW
F ssZh-m kwc-n--s-n-cp-, ]mpI \nd-, ]s bap-\m-Xocw XIXn ]ep-samw H.-F.-hn.bpw BIp-e-sp.
""R-fpsS I-s\-bp-a-]-l-cnp \n
R-fpsS k-kza]l-cnp
R-fpsS bap-\-bpsS sXfn-abpw ipnbpw
\n-fpsS ssIm \inp'' (Ir-jvW-]-nse ]mv)
\n bap-\b
- n sXm-gp-Im Cp. AXv
henv Ic-bn-tem--Sp-nv Agp-Inb sXmsSpv Ic-bn-en-cpv Xn, NIncn FSp-p. Ibdp
]ncn-p i_vZw kwKoXw t]mse Dbn
tIn-p. \n-fpsS sNfn-]n-Sn Ipn-Isf bap\-bn Ipfn-n-p. As\ R-fpsS sXfnabpw ipnbpw \n-fpsS ssIm \in-p.
{]IrXn FXv ImWm\pw hn{i-an-m-\p-ap
Hcp e-ambn Icp-Xp ""Rfpw'' A[zm-\nm\pw ]cn-hn-n-m-\p-ap e-ambn
ImWp ""\nfpw'' ChnsS cq]-s-Sp-p. Cu
"R' ]v Pn-I-fm-bn-cp-p, Cv Sqdn-pIfpw I-h-S-m-cp-am-Wv. cmjv{So-b-msc ]pam-bn-cn-p-tmgpw amen\yap tIc-f-n]mTw HIvtSm-_ 2013
95
\mbn AWn-tN-cm\pw ]pgsb aen-\-s-Sp-pXv XS- b m\pw ]cn- nXncmjv { So- b - n\v
thmp sNbvXv \mSns _yqnbpw Izmfn-nbpw
kwc-n-m\pw kz-
- h
- S-
- m Blzm\w
sNp-p. ]cn-nXn kwc-nX \mSv kaw
_yqnbpw Izmfn-n-bp-ap kzw F hmIyw
cq]-s-Sp-p. As\ ]W-ap--hv am{Xw
{]m]y-amb hnip tIcfw AYhm kzns kzw \mSv cq]-s-Sp-p. {]IrXn ]Iep-d-p--hp hn{i-a--e-ambn amdp-p.
DXv]m-Z\w sIm-msX D]-t`mKw sImv
hnhw krjv S n- p- s a I- h S k]w
CXn\v A\p-_--am-Wv. D]-t`mKw tIc-fs
"{Km v tIcf'amp-p. I-hSw D-h-ambn
amdp-p. aX-a I-hS tI{-f
- mWv Cv Dh- kwL-Sn-n-p--Xv. B\-Isf Fgp-snv \np-Xv A-e-ns apn-e
kz- - S - b psS apn- e m- W v.
Ccw DXv ] m- Z - t \- X c D- h mWv temI- _ mv ]Ww
\Ip--Xv. \mSns hnip-nv
]pXnb tdmUp- I fpw ]me- fpw
\nn-m-\mWv ]Ww HgpIn hcp- X v . As\ {]IrXn Imgv N
hkvXp-hmbn amdp-p. Aayq-kvsa v
]mmbn amdp-p.
Hcp ssX \Sp-tm
Hcp XW \Sp-p.
\Sp-\n-hm-s\mcp
Ipfn \ng \Spp
]I-ep-d--n-s\mcp
aehncn \Sp-p.
imcn-I-s-n\v
XmWn-cp-m-Sm-s\mcp
aehncn \Spp
imcn-I-s-n\v
XmWn-cp-m-Sm-s\mcp
mep \Spp
(Hcp ssX \Sp-tm)
]I- e p- d - m\pw Dum- e m- S m- \ p- a p
hn{iae-ambn ChnsS {]IrXn amdp-p.
"Imb-tem-SnW tNv ssItmSv ]mSpw ap\nse sXmSn-bn Ihnv hoSpv' (ho-Sp-I)
B hnSv {]IrXn Xs-bm-Wv. B hoSv X-nS-tm-gn-sb-tm-se-bm-Wv. AXns ]-bn
]n--Xpn \np Ipp-v IhnbpsS apJ-am-Wv. {]IrXn FXv ChnsS a\pjy\v Hfn-n-cn-m\pw hn{i-an-m-\p-ap CS96 ]mTw HIvtSm-_ 2013
ambn amdp-p. hoSv F {]Ir-Xn-bnse \nnXn-tbbpw hon-\p-n Xma-kn-p a\p-jy

F \nn-Xn-tbbpw Npcp-n--f-bp-I-bm-WnhnsS. hoSpw a\p-jy\pw Xn-ep _w
AYhm {]Ir-Xnbpw a\p-jy-\p-am-bp _w
X- n- S - t m- g nbpw Ipp- a m- pI hgn
a\pjys\ t]Sn-c
- Ipmn amp-Ib
- m-Wv.
kzbw Hpw sNm-\m-hm B{i-bhpw A`bhpw Xcp c- I s\ Imn- c n- p
AYhm, Hcp GIm-[n-]-Xnsb Imn-cn-p
^mjnv at\m-`m-h-ap P\-X-bmbn CXv a\pjys\ \n-Nn-p-p.
t]c-dn-bm s]In-Smhpw kz-hp-ambn
hcp B-fbpw
a\p- j y\v t]Sn- - c hynXzw
\Ip-, c-I-hoccq]-sf krjvSn-p
Cu kev]\w {]IrXnhncp-hpw a\p-jy-hncp-hpw AXn-\m kv{Xohn-cphpw IqSn- b m- W v . kv { Xosb
ASn- a - b mbpw ]pcp- j s\ DS- a bmbpw CXv \nh-Nn-p-p.
t]c-dn-bm-smcp
s]InSmth \ns
t\c-dn-bpp Rm ]mSp-p.
tImX---Xns \nd-amWv
t]Sn t]S-am angn-bmWv
(tIm-Xp aWn-I)
t]Sn t]S-am angn FXv
]mc-cykv{XobpsS Hcp kucy-hI hkvXp-hm-Wv. t]Sn
t]S-am angn kp-c-am-sW-n
t]Sn-n-p ]pcpjknwlw alm-\m-bn-cn-W
- w.
ImcWw kv{Xov kucyw \Ip-Xv Abmfm-Wt- m. AXm-bXv kv{Xosb B{I-an-p ]pcpj \-h\pw kp-c\
- p-ambn amdpp {]kvXpX
k]-n. cmPys B{I-anv Iog-s-Sp-p-bm alm-\mbn amdp-p. Cu cmjv{S-k
- ]n kv { Xov hyn- X z- a n- . t]Sncv
\np-I, Bcp-sS-sb-nepw Nnd-In Iogn HXppI Fo eyta ChnsS Dq.
t]Sn--c \n Ip-I cm-I
tXSp--Xmscsb-dnhq Rm
amc-s\-b-, aWm-f-s\-b-, \n
am\w Imp-sam-cm--fsb
IpXn-c-p-dp Xp-S-hm-fp-am-b-h
IpXnIpXn-s-p-p-mthm (tIm-X
- p-aW
- nI)
s]ns hnip-nbpw am\hpw Imp

B-f-bmbn ]pcp-j ChnsS amdp-p. cmPyn- s bpw {]Ir- X n- b p- s Sbpw hnip- nbpw
am\hpw Imp--bm `c-Wm[nIm-cn-bm-Ip-p.
s]pw {]Ir-Xnbpw DXv]m-Z-\--atam {]XnI-c-W--atam \nm-W-]-ctam Am-Xm-pXpw B{I-aW hnt[-b-am-p--Xp-amb hoc\m-bI k]-amWv CXv DXv]m-Zn-n-p-Xv . ]v DS- h m- f p- a mbn Fp- - b m- f mWv
s]ns am\w Imp- - s X- n Cv
s]ns\ kp-cn-bm-p-Xpw am\w ImpXpw kz--S-m-cm-Wv. am\-ambn sIn-b-bvm kz-hp-ambn Fp B-fbmWv Ccw cmP-Iob a\-ns ]pXnb
cq]w. Bim-tXv t]mep {]W-bnv Cd-ntm-Ip \mbn-I-am-c-, Ieym Pph-e-dnbpw
H.-F.-hn.-Ip-dppw k]n-p--Xv.
"hnizmkw AXt Fmw' Fv ]dv am\tmsS sIn--b-bvm tijn-bp At\bpw B-f-tbbpw Imn-cn-p kv{XoIsf-bmWv Ch aptmv h-bvp--Xv. {]Wb
hnhmlw Aam-\y-am-Wv, ImcWw kzw sNehm- h n- . {]Wbw Imfn- Z m- k s Imev
B{ia hncp--amb hnIm-c-am-bn-cp-p-sh-n
Cv I-hS hncp--amb hnIm-c-amWv. iIp-fsb Cv A\m-LmX Ipkp-a-am-p--Xv, hnipbmpXv I-h-S-m-cm-Wv. iIp--fbvv
{]IrXn BS-bm-`-c-W- sImSpp Fv
imIp--f-n ]d-bp-p-v. AXv ap\n-bpsS
Bobamlmyw
sImm-sWpw.
Fm Cv apX-em-fn amlm-y-amWv
kv{Xobvv BS-bm-`c
- W
-
- \Ip-X
- v. t]Sn-c kv{Xov tkmpw Im-Sn-bpw, ]uUdpw, hmjnwKvsajo\pw hml-\hpw hmm
tijn-bp-s-n ]W-sa c-I-\p-sn \ne- \ nmw, As- n acnmw
Fw.
bpw, tamlem, H.-F.hn
IpXn-c-p-dv DS-hm-fp-ambn IpXn-s-p
bp- h o- c ys Dbn- s mv hcp- Xv
Itm-f-n\v Bh-iy-am-Wv. bpw A[n-Im-chn- t [- b - c m- b , {]Xn- I - c W tijn- b n- m
kv{XoI-sfbpw ]pcp-j-m-scbpw \nnpw
Fp-Xv am{X-a bpw Xs ae-_m
tKmUp-t]m-ep DXv]--am-Wv. AXp-sImmWv ssk\y-n\v {_m v Aw_m-kn-U
Dm-Ip--Xv, tamlem Hcp-t]mse kzn-sbpw ssk\y-n-tbpw m\-]-Xn-bmIp--Xv. bpw FXv Bbp-[--fp-sSbpw
Bbp-[-sf \nn-p a\-p-I-fp-sSbpw

\nmW hn]-W\e-am-Wv. cmPy-ns
bYm i{Xp Xo{h-hm-Z-am-sWv ]dv aX]-c-amb sshcp-y-sf ]p\-cp--cn-m\pw
Chsb \nn-p ]W-ap-X-em-fn--ns\
{]Xn-m-\v \nv Hgn-hm-m\pw Xo{h-hmZ-sbpw Ab cmPy-sbpw \in-n-p
bp-ho-cys Dbn-smv hcp-tm
km[n-p-p. Cu hocXzw cmPynsbpw
{]Ir- X n- b p- s Sbpw kv { Xobp- s Sbpw ]pcp- j sbpw jXzs-bm-Wv, DXv]m-Z\ cmlnXy-s-bmWv {]Xo-I-h-XvI-cn-p--Xv. AXpsIm-mWv Hcp bphpw sNbvXn-n-m Hcp
\S bp-ns {]Xo-I-am-Ip--Xv. alm-`mc- X - n bp- h o- c - \ mbn Adn- b - s - n- c p
òjva henb bp--fn-sempw ]s-Sp-pItbm ]s-Sp Hcp bp-n Xs hnPbn- tbm sNbv X Bf Fv Ccm- h Xn
Ims Nqn-m-p-p-v. kv{XoI-fp-ambn
Btcm-Ky-I-c-amb _-n Gs-Sm Ignbm- X n- c p BfmWv òjv a . asm- c mp
thn kv{Xosb Xn-smv h òjva
ssewKn-I-Xsb hocy cq]-n {]I-Sn-n-pI-bm-bn-cpp Fv amcmcv Nqn-m-p-p-v.
bp-ho-cXzw FXv ssewKnI hyXn-bm-\-sfbpw inJ-n-Xz-sbpw ssewKnI AXn{I- a - - s fbpw \nnpp Fw.
tamlem-ens\ Aw_m-k-U Bm t{]cnn "Ion-N{I' F kn\n-a-bn Hcp cwKap- v . `mcy K`n- W n- b m- s Wv ASp- nsS
hnhm- l n- X - \ mb kl- { ]- h - I ]d- b ptm, "tamlem' ]d-bp-Xv, \o Fmco-Xn-bnepw Iam-dm-sWv sXfn-bnp FmWv . AXm- b Xv kv { Xotbm- S p kv t \lhpw
ssewKn-I-Xbpw Iamtm Hm-td-j\v XpeyamWv Fw. kv{Xosb B{I-an-p--h\mWv anSp- Fw.- Ip-Xn-c-p-dv DShm-fp-ambn \np c-I-\mb ]pcp-j-s\bpw, t]Sn- - c t]S- a m angn- I - s fbpw
kn\nam I-h-S-mcpw H.-F.-hn.bpw Dbnsmv hcp-tm AXv bp-n\pw Itmf-n\pw ^mjn-k-n\pw A\p-Iq-e-am-Ip-p.
cXn-hy-Xn-bm-\-fpw j-Xz-hp-amWv D]-t`mK-sbpw I-h-S-n-t\bpw \nn-p--Xv.
FIvkv{Sm F\Pn thW-sav Hcp kaqlw
B{K-ln-p-Xv Atm-gm-Wv. (D--PI acpp-I-fpsS ]ckyw {]Xy--s-Sp-Xv Cu
kml- N - c y- n- e m- W v ) . Ccw cwK- - f n
A`n- \ - b n- p tamlem- e ns\ ae- _ m
]mTw HIvtSm-_ 2013
97
tKmUnsbpw ssk\y-n-tbpw Aw_mk-U ]Zhn \In AwKo-I-cn-p-p, H.-F.hn.v ssSwkv Hm^v Cy m\-]oTw \In
BZ-cn-p-p. kz-hy-h-km-bhpw bp-hy-hkm-bhpw am[ya hyh-km-bhpw kmwkvIm-cnI
hyh-km-bhpw Hcp-anv Htc Imcy- sNpp. hn`- P - \ - pw, ]mem- b - \ - pw,
sIme-]m-X-I-pw, B-l-Xy-Ipw
kv{Xo[\ ac-W-pw Agn-a-Xn-Ipw,
Hp sImSp--ep-Ipw kmwkvIm-cnI apJw
\Im-\mWv kz-n-tbpw bpntbpw am[ya I-h-S-n-tbpw ]c-ky-e-I-bmbn Ihn-I-tfbpw \S-m-tcbpw apX-emfnw D]-tbm-Kn-p--Xv. Cv Agn-a-Xn-bpsS
CS-\n-e-mcpw D]-t`m-m--fp-ambn am[ya
hyh-kmbw amdn-bn-cn-p-p. kz apX-emfn-bpsS Aw_m-k-U `c-W-Iq-S-ns (ssk\yw) Aw_m-k-U-dmbn amdpw t]mse am[ya
apX-em-fn--ns AwKo-Imcw tZiob AwKoIm-c-ambn amdp-p. m\-]oTw tZiob ]pckvIm-c-ambn am[y-a- BtLm-jn-p--Xn\v
Imc-W-a-Xm-Wv. m\-]oTw Hcp ]{X hyhkmbn \Ip- - X `c- W - I qSw \Ip- XmWv Fv t_m[y-s-Sp-m am[y-a-
Xs {ianp sImn-cn-p-p.
`qan-bpsS kvam hnNmcw AYhm `qansmcp Nc-a-KoXw
{]Ir-Xnsb hnip \noh hkvXp-hmn
amp-I, a\p-jys\ shdpw Ipmbn k]np-I, kv{Xosb {]Xn-I-cW tijn-bn-m-Xm-pI, c-Isc {]Xn-jvTn-p-I, cXnsb cXn-hyXn-bm-\--fmbn AS-bm-f-s-Sp-pI Fo H.F.-hn. Ihn-X-I-fp-sSbpw I-h-S-m-cp-sSbpw
Pn--n-sbpw khn-ti-j-X-I Fmw
HnW-nb al-\ob krjvSn-bmWv "`qansmcp Nc-a-KoXw'. ChnsS `qanbpw a\p-jy\pw
Xn-ep _w "hoSp-I' F Ihn-X-bn
IXv t]mse Abpw Ippw Xn-ep
_-am-Wv. `qanbpw a\p-jy\pw Xn A-Ipn _w am{X-a-, ImapIo ImapI _-hpap-v. {]Ir-Xnsb hnip-b
- mbn ]qPn-pI am{Xa a\p-jy sNbvXXv. {]Ir-Xn-bn {]hnp- I - b pw, ]pXn- b - X ns\ \nn- p- I bpw
sNbvXp. AXn-s\-bmWv hmkvX-h-n ]cnnXn {]h\w Fv ]d-bp--Xv. Fm
{]Ir-Xn-bpsS ape-m IpSnv ab-p IpnbmbmWv a\p-jys\ Cu Ihn-X-bn Nn{Xo-Icn-p--Xv. {]Ir-Xn-bnse hbepw ]bpw a\pjys A[zm-\- IqSn-bm-Wv. Fm {]Ir98 ]mTw HIvtSm-_ 2013
Xn-bpsS lcn-X-Nn-{X-]-S-I-pIw kqcy km\n--XmWv FmWv Ihn k]n-p--Xv.

{]Ir-Xnv taep a\p-jym-[zm-\s
- -bmWv Cu
hnh Ihn Xa-kvI-cn-p--Xv. As\ hnip-bmb `qan-bpsS ta sNp--sXmw ]m]ambn amdp-p. `qanv ta ]Wn-sb-Sp-p
a\pjy Ncn{Xw `qan-bpsS hnipn XIp
]m]-ambn Nn{Xo-Ic
- n-n-cn-p-p. {]IrXn FXv
ChnsS ck-\-bnse BZym-\p-`q-Xn-bpw, XoI-Whpw ap-Xp-n-bpw, sXmnepw Xmcmpw
Imhp-I-fnse Dumepw Ae{]mhpw Benep-nbpw An-X ]qhpw t]Snbpw Bizmkhpw Hs-bm-Wv. {]IrXn ChnsS aX-hnipnbpsSbpw ssiih \njvI-f--X-bp-sSbpw
\ne e-ambn amdp-p. kzm`m-hn-I-ambpw
]cn-nXn hncp--amWo \ne-]m-Sv.
kv{Xo Cu Ihn-X-bn A-bmbn am{Xw
{]Xy--s-Sp-p. `mcy F AkvXnXzw ]m]ambn Nn{Xo-I-cn--s-n-cn-p-p. Xs t\scbp A{I-a- Inpw {]Xn-I-cn-m
kw-k-l-bmWv ChnsS kv{Xo. "Imte
In-p-sam-cp-hcpw ImWmsX/Io-scm-gpn
\o \np.' Fv `qan F A-sb-p-dnv
]d-bp-p. `qan-bpsS t\sc-bp A{I-a-v
FXntc `qan-b-, `m-hmb kqcy-\m-Wv {]XnI-cn-p-Xv. kqcy sImSp Nn{X-]-S-IpIw Non- s b- d n- b - s v B{I- a n- - s - S ptm, "Ip kqcys Ip- I - f n
\nn/ hjnv tcmj-ap-W-cp-p.' kv{Xo
A_-ebpw hnip--bp-am-b-Xn-\m ]pcp-j
c-I-\mbn Fp-p. `qanv t\sc-bp
B{I-a-v `qan Xs-bmWv {]Xn-I-cn-p-Xv. kv{Xov t\sc-bp AXn-{I-a-v
kv{Xo Xs-bmWv {]Xn-I-cn-t--Xv. Fm
`qan-bp-sSbpw kv{Xobp-tSbpw hynXzw shnp-cpn ASn-a-bpsS Xe-n-se-n-n-cn-p-p.
Ihnv Ghpw \ kv{Xo ]gb \q-Xncn
kv{Xobpw \ Imew Pn Ime-hp-am-Wv.
`qansb Hcp ]gbIme \q-Xncn kv{Xobmn
amp-I-bmWo Ihn-X-bn. A-e-{]mhpw ImhpIepw sXmSn-Ifpw Xmcmpw Dum-em--hp-a
\apv `qan Fv ]d-p-sImv P\- `qanbn A[zm-\n--Xn\v `qanv am\-`wK Ipw
Npan kvam hnNmcw sNbvXv, Xe-ap\w sNbvXv s]cp-h-gn-bn-tebvv Xn-hnSp-I-bmWv {]kvXpX Ihn-X-bn-eqsS H.-F.-hn.
sNp--Xv. "apnX inc-kvI-bm-bv, {`jvS-bmbv
\o kuc/ ae-s-cp-h-gn-bn-eqsS/am\-`w-Kns amdm-p-ambn Ae-bm-\mWv Ihn hn[n-
p--Xv. ImcWw Ihnsb `cn-p-Xv ]gb

ad-p-Sbpw kv{Xo hnip-n-bp-am-Wv. `qansb
DXv]m-Z-t\-X-c-ambn \ne-\n-W-sa \ne]m-SmWv `qansb shn-sbm-cpn hn]-\bvv
hbvp dnb Ft-p-Imp-ap-Xv. AXmbXv `qan-bpsS Zpc--n\v D-c-hm-Z-s \ne]m-Sp-I-fmWv AXn\v ]cn-lm-c-ambn \nt-inp-Xv Fw. `qansb sXmSp-Xv ]m]am-Wv, kv{Xosb sXmSp-Xv ]m]-amWv F
\ne- ] mSv cXn- s bbpw ]m]- a mn amp- p.
Atm cXn FXv cXn-hy-Xn-bm-\--fmbn
amdp-p. cXn-{Inb FXv "hnS-\-J-c-a-gp-ap\I'fpsS tIfn-bm-Wv. kvt\lw AXn-{I-a-ambn
Nn{Xo-I-cn-p-p. ]cn-nXn hncp-hpw kv{Xo
hncp-hpw cXn-hn-cp--hp-amb Ihn-X-bmWv "`qansmcp Nc-a-KoXw' Fw.
{_mWaqey-fpw {Xnb aqey-fpw
tNv kv { Xosb Htc kabw hnip- bpw
thiybpw Bn amp \oXn t_m[-n-s\Xnsc i-ambn i_vZn-p Hcp alm-`m-cXm-Jym-\-amWv "kzbw-hcw' F H.-F.-hn.
Ihn-X-bpsS {]ta-bw. {_m-Wm-{ia {]oXnv
thn aIsf I-hS hkvXp-hm-m Xmdp Hcp ]nXm-hns (b-bm-Xn-bp-sS) IY-IqSn-bm-W-Xv. {_mW {]oXnv thn, ]e-cmPm- - mv Xs hnp- s Im- S p \oXn
t_m[s FXnm-\mWv kzbw-hc k`n hc-W-ameyw Imn-te-s-dnv ImSns\
hcn-pp Fv ]dv Imn-tev am[hn
\Sv t]mb-Xv. B{ia aqey--sfbpw AXn\v
hnt[-b-s-Sp {Xnb \ne-]m-Sp-I-tfbpw
\ntj-[n-m-\mWv am[hn {i-an--sX-n H.-
F.- h n. Ihn- X - b nse Im\\ {]th- i \w

B{ia kvt\l-ambn Xocp-p. {_m-W\v
thn hn-s-Sp kv{Xo hynXzw hnip-amWv F \ne-]m-Sns \ntj-[-ambncpp
am[-hn. Fm am[hn FSp-s-dn-bp hcWameys-p-dnv Cs\ Fgp-Xp-p....
""Cu \dp-a-eamey-cpsS Kf-nepw
hoW-Xn hnipn s]mbvtm-ImsXbncns
CXnse ]q amXr-e-X-bn Xncn-sI-tm
bn\n-bp-a-\m-{L-X-ip--ambv ]nd-s
h\-tZ-h-X-am-cn-tX-p-hm-s''
]qsf amXr-X-e-bn-tev aS-n-hn-fn-p
A\m-{LX B{i-a-hn-ip-n-Isf B\-bn-p
{]Ir-Xn-hn-cp-hpw a\p-jy-hn-cp--hpamb Zi\-am-Wn-hn-sS-bp--Xv. kv{Xosbbpw {]Ir-Xnsbbpw I-h-S-h-kvXp-hm-p DXv]m-Z-t\-Xchpw jo-I-cn--sXpam-p Hcp \ne]m-Sm-Wn-Xv. asf aS-n-hn-fnv kz--Smv ssI]n-Sn-p-sIm-Sp-p apX-em-fn
\oXn-t_m-[-n-s\-Xn-sc-bp \ntj-[--sfbmWv H.-F.-hn. Xa-kv-cn-p--Xv. hnS-cm
hnk--Xn-p-, ]cm-K-Ws `b-p ]cnn- X n- h m- Z hpw ]cn- i p- - h p- a mb {]IrXn
khp-amWv I-h-S-mcpw H.-F.-hn.bpw
aptmv hbv p- Xv CXv cmPy- s bpw
kv{Xosbbpw hn-\bvv hbvp hwiobhpw imco-cn-I-hp-amb AkvXn-Xz-n-tev aSn-hn-fn-p \ne-]m-Sm-Wv.
]mTw HIvtSm-_ 2013
99
aebmf`mj
s{]m^. Fw.-F.-hn-P-b
A\p`hfpw aqeyt_m[hpw
hnpIfmn DWn `mjbn
kqnpp. [\imkv{XhnZKvmv CXns
IWsSpm\pw Ignbn. Cu
hnpI apfmWv `mhnbnse
]pIfpw ]qfpw DmIpXv.
`mjbpw kmlnXyhpw
A\mhiysav ]dbp
[\Imcy sshZym
AdntbXv, Pohnphm
adpt]mb kv{XoIsfsmpw
]pcpjm-scsmpw Cu \mSv
\ndbpw FmWv.
Icnqcv hnam\mhfn
FpsIm-mWv Fmw
aebmfn FgpXnhncnpXv. aebmf `mjsb
kwcnm\mbn
Rsfmhcpw Hcp]mSv
sa\sp FmWv R tcJsSppXv.
Rmpw sNm Ignbm HcpImcyw Icnqcpv.
AhnsSsbmw aebmfnemWv FgpXnbncn-p-Xv
ImcWw bm{Xmv Cwojv AdnpIqSm.
Chsmw ]Ww sImSpv Snv hmm\p Ignhpv.
F\nXn. Atm FmWnhnsS sNtXv Fv
AXv \Sp BfpIdnbmw. FhnsS t\mnbm-epw
aebmfapv.
Atm aebmfs cnpI Fp ]dm
aebmf`mjsb cnpI F. aebmfnbpsS
PohnXs cnpI F-XmWv. AXn\p ]e
km[\fn Hpam{X-amWv aebmf`mj.

Padam October 2013

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Padam October 2013

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HIvtSm-_ 2013

]mTw HIvtSm-_ 2013

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dnb Ftv Imes

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imn hoin temIw

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Xns-bpw, B[n]-Xy-]-c-amb hyh-lm-c-

KpWw sNbvhXn\v Bbppw h]ppw _en

XmWv `qan-bnse ZpxJ- Adn-bm-\p Ignhv

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lnXy {]am- W - h m- Z - n- s tbm Ihn- b - .

m Ah-sb Xs, A[n-Imc hyh-mkw-c--W-n-\p D]m-[n-bm-n-op-p.

tams As-n {]W-bs ap\ndpn asmw ]cn- X y- P nv Cm- b v a sb

kq-amb ASn-aw {]Wb `mh-\b

h]ppw A\yp KpWw sNp--Xn-\mbn

BWv Fp ]d-bp-tm, kv{Xo]p-cpj {]Wbw, `ph\ kwKaw Fn- h - s bms B

Sp-Ibpw sNp kv{Xobm-Wv, timIm-i--sbgm kpJhpw ZpxJo-I-cn-p--Xv.

m thn GIm--Kp-l-hnv shfn-s-Sp-h-cp-am-Wv. temIm-\p-cm-K-ns kmam\y`qXe- n PohnXw Ign- p- - h - c n \npw

ap-v. `qan K-n-tebvv Cd-n-s-p

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gm-Wv, B alms In \np Iopn-I AS-cp-X

hns ]cm-[o-\-X-Isf Cm-Xm-m-\m-hptam

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fpsS Imcy-n hmk-hZ-

sshcpyw {]k--am-bn-o-cp-p. inc-n

Xs-bm-bn-cn-t, Ahsb ASn kzoI-cn-psIm-,v asmcp ]mZ-_

s-Xn-sc-bp t]mcm-w, kzm`m-hn-Ia

D]-Kp-]vXs angn-\o-cn-gnv AXv Nm-en ]Xn-p-tm, Abm

Cc- p i_v Z w s\ntev Dcpp Ib-dp-p. Dbp Xmgp

tb-m At\Iw Ccn XpI Io-j hgn

pq. D]- t bm- K n- p- n- . Bcp- s Stbm

BtKm-fo-I-c-W-Im-es `c-W-IqSw I-h-S-mv e-ku-Icyw Hcpn-sm-Sp-p s^kn-en-t--dm-Wv, AYhm CS-\n-e-m-cm-Wv. I-h-S-m

amen- \ y- - f psS krjvSn. hngp- p- a mbn

tIm-tdv CS-\n-e-mcpambpw ]cn-nXn

hni-Zo-I-cn--tm. AXp-X-s-bmWv `ojva

s-Sm hnp-sIm-Sp---h-\p-am-Wv. CS-\n-e-mc

tmgpw {]I-Sn-n-n-p-v. {]W-bm-`y-\bp-ambn hcp iq-W-Jsb eva-W\v

]d-p-sImv ]ptcm-ln-X F CS-\n-em-c Av \ne-bp-d-n-n-cp-p. apt kqNnnt]mse kzm`m-hn-Ihpw krjvSn-]-c-hp-amb

ssewKnIX bm{n-Ihpw jo-I-cn--sXpw BIpXv. `mcysb {]m]n-m {_map-lqw

Bob ]pcp-j F CS-\n-e

Sp-spw A{X i-am-b-s-nepw "cm{Xnag' F kn\n-a-bn Bhn-jvI-cn-p-p-v.

Xnsc {]Xntcm- [ - s am- c p- m {ian- p

Sqdnv CS- \ n- e - m- c ktlm- Z - c - m\w

^-e-n-ep henb A-c-am-Wv. ssewKnI

{_m-Wm-[o-i-hy-h--bn Kpcp-in-jy-_hpw A-c-ns Bbn amdp-Xv

\nv Htc Imcyw Xs {]hn-p-p.

It\-Un-b C\m-j-W Uh-e-]vsa v

sam-gn-I-fm Xs {]W-b-sam-gn-I ]d-b-Ww.

Cv, "taL-k-tiw' ag-bmbn hmb-\-m-cn-tebvv s]bvXn-d-p-tm

, i]n--s ssewKnIX cXnsb A cXnhy-Xn-bm-\--sf-bmWv \nn-p--Xv. amcmcv

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\psS hnZym-`ym-k-sbpw P\-a-\-n-s\bpw

imco-cn-I-hp-amb Hc-kvXn-Xz-n-tebvv Iqnsmv t]mIp-Ib

c-ns aptm-p {]bmWw km[y-amp Nn-I, Zmi-\n-I, Iem-Im-cm, \b-cq-]o-Ic

\npw Hpw ]Tn- t - - X n Fw.