DESIGN CALCULATIONS OF STORAGE TANKS

According to API 650 Code, Edition Sept. 2003

Designed by : Eng. Abdel Halim Galala, Design General Manager

Page : 23 of 34
REV. : 0

Project
Job Name
Service
Capacity

Date : 26.9.2008
Location : Port Said
Client : PETROBEL
Item : TK-01A

: Design & procurement of storage tanks

: El-Gamil Plant Storage Facilities
: Crude Oil Storage Tank
: 5000 M3

A. Cylindrical Tank, Fixed-Roof with Rafter & Column (cont.)

9. Seismic Design.
[APPENDIX E, API 650]
9.1. Overturning Moment due to Seismic forces applied to bottom of tank shell,
M = Z I (C1 Ws Xs + C1 Wr Ht + C1 W1 X1 + C2 W2 X2)
10488643 Ft-lb
where,
Z = Seismic force factor, depends on seismic zone [Table E-2]
Seismic zone of site
I = Importance factor
C1 = Lateral earthquake force coefficient
C2 = Lateral earthquake force coefficient
= 0.75 S / T
when T <= 4.5
= 3.375 S / T2
when T > 4.5

[Para. E.3.3.3]
[Para. E.3.3.3]

Kg-M

0.15
2A
1
0.6
0.203019
0.164867

S = Site coefficient
[Table E-3]
T = Natural period of the 1st sloshing mode = k (D0.5)
k = Factor depends on ratio D/H
[Figure E-4]
D = Nominal tank dia.
H = Max. design liquid level
Ratio D/H
Since T > 4.5 seconds, Use C2

1.5
5.541355 Sec.
0.625
78.60892 Ft
40.28858 Ft
1.951147
0.164867

Ws = Total weight of tank shell

Xs = Height from bottom of tank shell to shell's center of gravity
Wr = Total weight of tank roof (fixed or floating) + portion of the
snow load, if any, specified by the purchaser
Ht = Total height of tank shell

180760.5 lb
15.6939 Ft
106077.9 lb

81.9917 Ton
4.7835 M
48.1162 Ton

40.28858 Ft

12.28

W1 & W2 = Weight of effective mass of tank contents that move

in unison with tank shell [Para. E.3.2.1 & Figure E-2]
D/H
- Find ratio W 1 / W T by knowing D/H
[Figure E-2]
- Find ratio W 2 / W T by knowing D/H

[Figure E-2]

W T = Total weight of tank contents = Tank volume x specific gr.

23.96
12.28

M
M

1.951147
0.38
0.52

12206584 lb

5536.82 Ton

3
5.99E+12 Ft
4638502 lb

3
5536.82 M
Kg

(specific gravity of the product to be specified by the purchaser)

Tank volume
W 1 = Ratio ( W 1 / W T ) . W T
W 2 = Ratio ( W 2 / W T ) . W T

6347424

lb

Kg

DESIGN CALCULATIONS OF STORAGE TANKS

According to API 650 Code, Edition Sept. 2003
Designed by : Eng. Abdel Halim Galala, Design General Manager

Page : 24 of 34
REV. : 0

Project
Job Name
Service
Capacity

Date : 26.9.2008
Location : Port Said
Client : PETROBEL
Item : TK-01A

: Design & procurement of storage tanks

: El-Gamil Plant Storage Facilities
: Crude Oil Storage Tank
: 5000 M3

9. Seismic Design. (cont.)

[APPENDIX E, API 650]

X1 = Height from bottom of tank shell to the centroid of lateral

seismic force applied to W 1

Ft

[E.3.3.2 & Figure E-3]

X2 = Height from bottom of tank shell to the centroid of lateral

seismic force applied to W 2

Ft

[E.3.3.2 & Figure E-3]

D/H
- Find ratio X1 / H by knowing D/H

[Figure E-3]

1.951147
0.375

- Find ratio X2 / H by knowing D/H

[Figure E-3]

0.56

X1 = Ratio ( X1 / H ) . H

15.10822 Ft

4.60498 M

X2 = Ratio ( X2 / H ) . H

22.5616

6.87678 M

9.2. Resistance to Overturning Moment at bottom of tank shell, WL

Ft

[Para. E-4]

Resistance to the overturning moment at the bottom of the shell

may be provided by the weight of the tank shell and by the anchorage
of the tank shell,
or, for unanchored tanks, the weight of a portion of the tank contents
adjacent to the shell.
For unanchored tanks, the portion of the contents that may be
used to resist overturning depends on the width of the bottom
plate under the shell that lifts off the foundation and may be
determined as follows :
wL = 7.9 tb ( Fby G H )0.5

lb/Ft

However, wL shall not exceed 1.25 G H D

lb/Ft

Where, wL = max. weight of the tank contents that may be used

to resist the shell overturning moment,
wL1 = 7.9 tb ( Fby G H )0.5
wL2 = 1.25 G H D
Use

wL = Min ( wL1 , wL2 )

5470.978 lb/Ft
3958.802 lb/Ft
3958.802 lb/Ft

tb = Thickness of the bottom plate under the shell

0.629921 INCH

Fby = Min. specified yield strength of the bottom plate under the shell
G = Design specific gravity of the liquid to be stored

30000
1

PSI

MM

DESIGN CALCULATIONS OF STORAGE TANKS

According to API 650 Code, Edition Sept. 2003
Designed by : Eng. Abdel Halim Galala, Design General Manager

Page : 25 of 34
REV. : 0

Project
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Service
Capacity

Date : 26.9.2008
Location : Port Said
Client : PETROBEL
Item : TK-01A

: Design & procurement of storage tanks

: El-Gamil Plant Storage Facilities
: Crude Oil Storage Tank
: 5000 M3

9. Seismic Design. (cont.)

[APPENDIX E, API 650]

9.3. Shell Compression .

[Para. E-5]
9.3.a. Unanchored Tanks
[Para. E.5.1]
Value of M / [ D2 (wt + wL)]
where,
b = max. longitudinal compressive force at the bottom of the shell

lb/Ft

(lb/Ft of shell circumference)

wt = weight of tank shell and the portion of the fixed roof

supported by the shell (lb/Ft of shell circumference) = wt / 3.14 D
I. When

M / [ D2 (wt + wL )] <= 0.785

0.361854

b = wt + 1.273 M / D2
II. When

2892.698 lb/Ft

0.785 < M / [ D2 (wt + wL )] <= 1.5

b may be computed from the value of (b + wL )/ (wt + wL )

obtained from Figure E-5.
Value obtained from Figure E-5
b = ( wt + wL ) . Value from Figure E-5 - wL
III. When

1.5 < M / [ D (wt + wL )] <= 1.57

b=

VI. For

1490
.
(w t + wL )

0.637 M
1 2
D
(w t + w L

731.9506 lb/Ft

0 .5

wL

M / [ D2 (wt + wL )] > 1.57

or when b / 12 t > Fa
Value b / 12 t
Value Fa

In case b/12 t > Fa, the tank is structurally unstable.

It is necessary to take one of the following measures :
a. Increase the thickness of the bottom plate under the shell,
tb, to increase wL without exceeding the limitations of
E.4.1 and E.4.2.
b. Increase the shell thickness, t (see Item 9.5 for shell courses).
c. Change the proportions of the tank to increase the dia.
and reduce the height.
d. Anchor the tank in accordance with E.6.

0.361854

2
5422.703 lb/Ft
0.361854

6415.053 lb/Ft

0.361854
478.3498 PSI
6410.684 PSI

< Fa
OK

DESIGN CALCULATIONS OF STORAGE TANKS

According to API 650 Code, Edition Sept. 2003
Designed by : Eng. Abdel Halim Galala, Design General Manager

Page : 26 of 34
REV. : 0

Project
Job Name
Service
Capacity

Date : 26.9.2008
Location : Port Said
Client : PETROBEL
Item : TK-01A

: Design & procurement of storage tanks

: El-Gamil Plant Storage Facilities
: Crude Oil Storage Tank
: 5000 M3

9. Seismic Design. (cont.)

[APPENDIX E, API 650]

9.3.b. Anchored Tanks

[Para. E.5.2]

For anchored tanks, the max. longitudinal compressive force at

2
the bottom of shell,
b = wt + 1.273 M / D

9.4. Max. Allowable Shell Compression

2892.698 lb/Ft

[Para. E.5.3]

The max. longitudinal compressive stress in the shell, b / 12 t,

shall not exceed the max. allowable stress, Fa determined by
the following formulas for Fa, which take into account the effect
of internal pressure due to the liquid contents.
G H D2 / t2
2
2
6
6
- When G H D / t >= 10 , Fa = 10 t / D
2
2
6
6
0.5
- When G H D / t < 10 , Fa = 10 t / 2.5 D + 600 (G H )
However, Fa shall not be greater than 0.5 Fty
0.5 Fty
where, t = thickness of the bottom shell course, excl. any corr. allow.
Fa = Max. allowable longit. compressive stress in the shell
Fty = Min. specified yield strength of the bottom shell course

980331.9 > 106

6410.684 PSI
6372.671 PSI
15000

PSI

0.503937 INCH
6410.684 PSI
30000

PSI

9.5. Upper Shell Course

[Para. E.5.4]
If the thickness of the lower shell course calculated to resist the
seismic overturning moment is greater than the thickness required
for hydrostatic pressure, both excluding any corrosion allowance,
then the calculated thickness of each upper shell course for
hydrostatic pressure shall be increased in the same proportion,
unless a special analysis is made to determine the seismic overturning
moment and corresponding stresses at the bottom of each upper
shell course.

9.6. Anchorage of Tanks

[Para. E.6]
When anchorage is provided, it shall be designed to provide the
following min. anchorage resistance in lb/Ft of shell circumference :
Min. anchorage resistance = 1.273 M / D2 - wt

1428.797 lb/Ft

OK

DESIGN CALCULATIONS OF STORAGE TANKS

According to API 650 Code, Edition Sept. 2003
Designed by : Eng. Abdel Halim Galala, Design General Manager

Page : 27 of 34
REV. : 0

Project
Job Name
Service
Capacity

Date : 26.9.2008
Location : Port Said
Client : PETROBEL
Item : TK-01A

: Design & procurement of storage tanks

: El-Gamil Plant Storage Facilities
: Crude Oil Storage Tank
: 5000 M3

9. Seismic Design. (cont.)

[APPENDIX E, API 650]

DESIGN CALCULATIONS OF STORAGE TANKS

According to API 650 Code, Edition Sept. 2003
Designed by : Eng. Abdel Halim Galala, Design General Manager

Page : 28 of 34
REV. : 0

Project
Job Name
Service
Capacity

Date : 26.9.2008
Location : Port Said
Client : PETROBEL
Item : TK-01A

: Design & procurement of storage tanks

: El-Gamil Plant Storage Facilities
: Crude Oil Storage Tank
: 5000 M3

A. Cylindrical Tank, Fixed-Roof with Rafter & Column (cont.)

10. Overturning Moment due to Wind, Mw.
Mw1 = P (Ar Xr + As Xs)
Where, P = Wind pressure
Ar = Projected area over roof = 0.5 Do (Ht - H)
Xr = Height from bottom of tank shell to center of gravity
of roof = H + 0.3 (Ht - H)
As = Projected area of shell = Do H
Xs = Height from bottom of tank shell to shell's center of gravity
= (H1+H2)/2 + (H2+H3)/2 + x
where x (see next page)
Do = D + 2 t1
( Up- lift for wind ) = 4 Mw / 3.14 D2

549994.2 lb-ft
PSI
INCH2
Ft
INCH2
Ft

113.3247 lb/ft

Total load, W (operating: full liq. p = 1+ wind)

( Dead Load ) = W / 3.14 D
where W = weight of tank exc. weight of floating roof & bottom

76089.4
50
8.994
12.5049

2
294.621 M
4.7835 M

-0.0165 M
23.992 M
168.757 Kg/M
116.672 Ton

lb/ft

2098.53 Kg/M
157.962 Ton

Ratio of Up-lift load / Dead load

0.080417 < 1

Since Up-lift (128 Kg/M) < Dead load (2838 Kg/M)

Not necessary of Anchor Bolts.

11. Anchor Bolt Strength.

11.1. Wind Load,
Pw = 0.7 x P x Do x H
Where, P = Wind Pressure
Do = Tank diameter
H = Tank Height
Wt = Total Tank Weight (excluding corrosion allowance)
Wt' = Tank Weight except Bottom Plate (excl. corr. allow.)
Design pressure

Kg-M
2
Kg/M
2
M
M

lb

10311.7
50
23.992
12.28
151746
126369

Kg
Kg/M2
M
M
Kg
Kg

atmospheric

11.2. Overturning Moment,

Mw2 = Pw . Xs
Overturning moment, Mw = Max. (Mw1 , Mw2)

356542.5 lb-ft
549994.2 lb-ft

49326.2 Kg-M
76089.4 Kg-M

11.3. Anti-Overturning Moment,

10957504 lb-ft

1515925 Kg-M

Rw = Wt' . D/2

Ratio of Mw / Rw
Since Mw < Rw

0.050193 < 1
Anchor Bolts are not required.

DESIGN CALCULATIONS OF STORAGE TANKS

According to API 650 Code, Edition Sept. 2003
Designed by : Eng. Abdel Halim Galala, Design General Manager

Page : 29 of 34
REV. : 0

Project
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Service
Capacity

Date : 26.9.2008
Location : Port Said
Client : PETROBEL
Item : TK-01A

: Design & procurement of storage tanks

: El-Gamil Plant Storage Facilities
: Crude Oil Storage Tank
: 5000 M3

A. Cylindrical Tank, Fixed-Roof with Rafter & Column (cont.)

To find tank shell's CG : Take Moment about CG :
W1 [(H1+H2)/2 + (H2+H3)/2 + x] + W2 [(H2+H3)/2 + x] + W3 [x]
= W4 [(H3+H4)/2 - x]
+ W5 [(H3+H4)/2 - x + (H4+H5)/2]
+ W6 [(H3+H4)/2 - x + (H4+H5)/2 + (H5+H6)/2]
+ W7 [(H3+H4)/2 - x + (H4+H5)/2 + (H5+H6)/2 + (H6+H7)/2]
+ W8 [(H3+H4)/2 - x + (H4+H5)/2 + (H5+H6)/2 + (H6+H7)/2 + (H7+H8)/2]

W1 [(H1+H2)/2 + (H2+H3)/2] + W1 x + W2 [(H2+H3)/2] + W2 x + W3 x

= W4 [(H3+H4)/2] - W4 x
+ W5 [(H3+H4)/2 + (H4+H5)/2] - W5 x
+ W6 [(H3+H4)/2 + (H4+H5)/2 + (H5+H6)/2] - W6 x
+ W7 [(H3+H4)/2 + (H4+H5)/2 + (H5+H6)/2 + (H6+H7)/2] - W7 x
+ W8 [(H3+H4)/2 + (H4+H5)/2 + (H5+H6)/2 + (H6+H7)/2 + (H7+H8)/2] - W8 x

x (W1 + W2 + W3) + W1 [(H1+H2)/2 + (H2+H3)/2]

= W4 [(H3+H4)/2]
+ W5 [(H3+H4)/2 + (H4+H5)/2]
+ W6 [(H3+H4)/2 + (H4+H5)/2 + (H5+H6)/2]
+ W7 [(H3+H4)/2 + (H4+H5)/2 + (H5+H6)/2 + (H6+H7)/2]
+ W8 [(H3+H4)/2 + (H4+H5)/2 + (H5+H6)/2 + (H6+H7)/2 + (H7+H8)/2]
- x (W4 + W5 + W6 + W7 + W8)

Figure (13)

x (W1 + W2 + W3) + x (W4 + W5 + W6 + W7 + W8)

+ W1 [(H1+H2)/2 + (H2+H3)/2]
+ W2 [(H2+H3)/2]
= W4 [(H3+H4)/2]
+ W5 [(H3+H4)/2 + (H4+H5)/2]
+ W6 [(H3+H4)/2 + (H4+H5)/2 + (H5+H6)/2]
+ W7 [(H3+H4)/2 + (H4+H5)/2 + (H5+H6)/2 + (H6+H7)/2]
+ W8 [(H3+H4)/2 + (H4+H5)/2 + (H5+H6)/2 + (H6+H7)/2 + (H7+H8)/2]

x =[W4 [(H3+H4)/2]
+ W5 [(H3+H4)/2 + (H4+H5)/2]
+ W6 [(H3+H4)/2 + (H4+H5)/2 + (H5+H6)/2]
+ W7 [(H3+H4)/2 + (H4+H5)/2 + (H5+H6)/2 + (H6+H7)/2]
+ W8 [(H3+H4)/2 + (H4+H5)/2 + (H5+H6)/2 + (H6+H7)/2 + (H7+H8)/2]
- W1 [(H1+H2)/2 + (H2+H3)/2]
- W2 [(H2+H3)/2]]
/ (W1+W2+W3+W4+W5+W6+W7+W8)

-0.054127 Ft

-0.0165

DESIGN CALCULATIONS OF STORAGE TANKS

According to API 650 Code, Edition Sept. 2003
Designed by : Eng. Abdel Halim Galala, Design General Manager

Page : 30 of 34
REV. : 0

Project
Job Name
Service
Capacity

Date : 26.9.2008
Location : Port Said
Client : PETROBEL
Item : TK-01A

: Design & procurement of storage tanks

: El-Gamil Plant Storage Facilities
: Crude Oil Storage Tank
: 5000 M3

A. Cylindrical Tank, Fixed-Roof with Rafter & Column (cont.)

11.4. Sliding.
Sliding force by wind, Ps = 0.7 x P x D x H

lb

10311.7 Kg

Frictional Resistance Force by wind, Rs = 0.3 Wt

lb

45523.9 Kg

Ratio Ps / Rs
Since Ps < Rs

11.5. Anchor Bolts Provided.

Number of anchor bolts, n
Size of anchor bolts (UNC)
Anchor bolt sectional area, A
Allowable load (for 3/4" bolt) :
- Tensile, fat
- Shearing, fas

0.226512 < 1
Anchor bolts are not required.

12
0.75

INCH

4299.009 lb
2976.237 lb

2.36

MM
CM2

1950
1350

Kg
Kg

11.6. Anchor Bolt Load.

Tensile load per each bolt, ft = (4 Mw / n D) - Wt' / n
Since ft < fat

-9845.45 Kg/Bolt
The anchor bolt is sufficient

Shearing load per each bolt, fs = (Ps - Rs)/n

Since fs < fas

-2934.35 Kg/Bolt
The anchor bolt is sufficient

12. Fixed-Roof Inspection Hatches.

[API-650, Appendix H.65.3]
Inspection hatches shall be located on tank fixed roof to permit
visual inspection of the seal region.
- Max. spacing of inspection hatches per code
- Min. spacing of inspection hatches per code

75
4

Ft
Ft

Circle dia. of inspection hatches = D - 6, Ft

Calculated No. of inspection hatches = 3.14(D-6)/75

72.60892 Ft
3.041435

Assume actual No. of inspection hatches

Actual spacing of inspection hatches

6
38.01794 Ft
< 75 Ft
OK
> 4 Ft
OK

22.86
1.2192

M
M

22.1312 M

11.5879 M

DESIGN CALCULATIONS OF STORAGE TANKS

According to API 650 Code, Edition Sept. 2003
Designed by : Eng. Abdel Halim Galala, Design General Manager

Page : 31 of 34
REV. : 0

Project
Job Name
Service
Capacity

Date : 26.9.2008
Location : Port Said
Client : PETROBEL
Item : TK-01A

: Design & procurement of storage tanks

: El-Gamil Plant Storage Facilities
: Crude Oil Storage Tank
: 5000 M3

A. Cylindrical Tank, Fixed-Roof with Rafter & Column (cont.)

13. Total Weight of Tank.
a. Weight of Shell

180760.5 lb

22.6902
19.8539
15.5995
12.7632
9.92695
1.15797
0
0
81.9917

Ton
Ton
Ton
Ton
Ton
Ton
Ton
Ton
Ton

69933.98 lb

11.366
1.82917
11.3291
404.096
31.7216

M
M
M
M2
Ton

c. Weight of Annular Bottom Plate

9593.336 lb

4.35147 Ton

d. Weight of Roof Plate = Roof area * t p

Roof conical area = 3.14 * (D/2) * sq. root ((D/2)2 + h2)
'where, h = Ht - H = Cone height = Rafter Slope * Do/2
Rafter slope = 1/16
[see Figure (2)]

62546.89 lb

28.3708 Ton
2
451.765 M
0.74975 M

1st Course, W1 = 3.14 D t H p

2nd Course, W2
3rd Course, W3
4th Course, W4
5th Course, W5
6th Course, W6
7th Course, W7
8th Course, W8

Sub-Total (a)
b. Weight of Bottom Plate, R1 = D/2 - Annular width, Rw
L1 = 2 R1 Sin (O/2)
h1 = L1 / 2 R1 Tan (O/2)
Total Bottom plate Area, A = 0.5 L1 . h1 . n
Total bottom Plate Weight, W = A. ta . p
Sub-Total (b)

Figure (14)

01:30

DESIGN CALCULATIONS OF STORAGE TANKS

According to API 650 Code, Edition Sept. 2003
Designed by : Eng. Abdel Halim Galala, Design General Manager

Page : 32 of 34
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Project
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Service
Capacity

Date : 26.9.2008
Location : Port Said
Client : PETROBEL
Item : TK-01A

: Design & procurement of storage tanks

: El-Gamil Plant Storage Facilities
: Crude Oil Storage Tank
: 5000 M3

A. Cylindrical Tank, Fixed-Roof with Rafter & Column (cont.)

e. Weight of Rafters
Total length of rafters (H beam 250x125x6/9)
Weight of one meter of beam

13.3577 Ton
467.22 M
28.5897 Kg

f. Weight of Column, Pipe 20" NPS, Sch. 40

4.46457 Ton

g. Weight of Top Wind Girder

Circumferential length of 2 angles 6x4x3/8" (160x100x10mm)
Weight of one meter of angle
Total area of top wind girder, A
Weight of top wind girder, W = A * P * t

3.07263
150.545
20.41
60.7712
3.02929

Ton
M
Kg
M2
Ton

h. Weight of Intermediate Wind Girder

Wind Girder ID
Wind Girder OD

Ton
M
M

i. Weight of Manholes, Cleanout Doors & Nozzles

Ton

j. Weight of Ladders & Platforms

Ton

k. Weight of brackets (cooling system supports)

No. of brackets per level = 3.14 D / 4000
Total brackets for two levels of cooling system + level for foam
Bracket dimensions 400x850x100x8
Weight of one bracket

3.32338 Ton
20
Support
84
Support
600x850x8
39.564 Kg

l. Weight of Inspection Hatches.

No. of inspection hatches, Nih
Weight of nozzle
Weight of flange (or loose cover)
m. Weight of Manways (for fixed-roof tanks).
At least one manhole, min 24" ID shall be provided for access to
the tank interior.
[API-650, Appendix H.6.5.1]
No. of manholes located at fixed roof, 24" NPS
Weight of nozzle
Weight of flange

Total Tank Weight

Ton
6

Ton

189.683 Ton