1.

2.
3.
4.
5.
6.

1.
2.
3.

4.
5.
6.

193

12.1


( )

12.2 (Electric and Magnetic Fields)

12.2.1

F = QE


12.2.2
()
12.1


F = Qu B
( )
(12.1)

F = QuB
(12.2)

F = , ( )
Q = , ( )
u = , ( /)
B = , ( )

194

I
F

12.1 ()

12.2 12.1

(alpha
particle)
12.1
12.1 2 104 /
4.0
( ) 12.2

(12.2)
F = (1.6 10-19 C)(2 10-19 m/s)(4 T) = 1.28 10-14 N

1.28 10-14

F1

I1

F2

I2

195

()
F1
I1
I2
F2

()
12.3
()
()

12.2.3

(12.3)
F = Q(E + u B)
(12.3)
(12.3) (Lorentz force)
12.2.4

12.3

12.3 (Magnetic Force on a Current Element)

12.4

196

F
B

B
F
()
()
12.4 ()
()

(12.1)
dF = dQ(u B)
I = dQ/dt
dF = (Idt) (u B)
u = dl/dt
dF = I (dl B)
(integrated)

F = I (l B)
( )
(12.4)

I = , ( )
l = , ( )

(12.4)
F = IlB sin

(12.5)

12.2 12.5
0.4 0.5 1.0

197

F
I

12.5 12.2

12.4
F = IlB sin
= (1.0 A)(0.5 m)(0.4 T) sin 90o
= 0.2 N
0.2

12.4 12.6 0.2 4.0

ax B = 5 10 3 (ax ay)

F = I (l B)
F = (4.0)[(0.2)( az) 5 10 3 (ax ay)]
= ( 4 a x 4 a y ) mN
= 5.66(

a x a y
2

mN

z
I
F
B
x

12.6 12.4

198

5.66 B
12.6

12.4 (Induced Voltage on

a Conductor Moving in Magnetic Field)
12.7
12.8
(induced current)
(induced
potential difference) induced e.m.f ( electromotive force
)

eind = (u B) l
(12.6)

u =
B =
l =

l

u B
12.5
(12.6)

12.7

199

++
u

eind

--

12.8

eind = (u B) l

eind = (uB sin) (l cos)

(12.7)

= u B
= u B l
12.5 12.8 10 /
2
0.20

u B
l
u B u B l

eind = (uB sin ) (l cos )
= (10 m/s) (2 T) (sin 90o) (0.2 m) (cos 0o)
=4V

200

12.5 l
12.8
eind = (10 m/s) (2 T) (sin 90o) (0.2 m) (cos 180o) = 4 V
l

12.5 (Torque)
12.5.1

(moment of force)
T = rF
( )
(12.8)
r = (
12.9 )

= 20 .

()

= 0 .

= 15 .

()
()
12.9 ()
() ()

201

12.5.2
12.9 () ()
20
100 12.9 ()
100 N 20 cm. = 200 N m. 12.9 () 100 N 15 cm. = 150 N m.
12.9 () 100 N 0 cm. = 0 N m.

T=0

F
F
()
()
12.10 ()
()

(180 - )

r sin (180 - )
= r sin

12.11

202

12.5.3
12.10 ()
12.9 ()

(12.8) 12.11
(1) (2)

T=rF
(12.9)

r = 12.11
F =

(torque) (twisting)
(12.9) 12.11

T = rF sin
(12.10)

= r F

12.6 12.12
B0 r I
I = 5 , B0 = 1
, r = 0.1 0.5

F1 = IlB0 sin
2 180o

F2 = IlB0 sin
l T (12.6)

203

, B0Iy
I

Ir
1 I

Ix

2 I

12.12 12.6

T = 2IrlB0 sin
= 2(5 A)(0.1 m)(0.5 m)(1 T) sin
= 0.5 sin N m.
0.5 sin

12.5.4
12.12
12.13 z = 0 w
x l y B + x + y

F = I(lay Bax) = IlB az

F = IlB az
z
B
w

l
x
12.13

204

y r = (w/2)ax
r = (w/2)ax
w
w
T a x ( IlB) a z a x ( IlB) a z
2
2

= IBlw ( ay)
T = IBA( ay)

(12.11)

A =

(12.11) ( y)
n (12.11)
T = nIBA( ay)
(12.12)
IAan ( an
: an ) (magnetic
moment) m
T=mB
(12.13)
12.7 D Arsonval 12.14
B = 0.10 T T = 5.87 10 5 ( )
35 23 17
15

T = nIBlw = 35(0.01)(15 10 3)(23 10 3)(17 10 3)
= 2.05 10 5 N m

2.05 10 5 = 5.87 10 5
o
= 0.349 rad 20

20

205

12.14 12.7

eind
B +
S

N
SW

VS
R

12.15

12.6 (Principle of the

Simple Linear Machine)


12.15


1.
F = I (l B)
( )
(12.14)
2.
eind = (u B) l

(12.15)

3.
VS IR eind = 0
VS = IR + eind

(12.16)

206

eind
B +
S
I

Find
N

SW

VS
R

12.16

4.
Fnet = ma

(12.17)

(12.16)

V e
I S ind
R

(12.18)

eind = 0 I = V/R
(12.14)
Find = I (l B) 12.16

(12.15)
eind = IlB
(12.18) (eind) (I)
[ (12.14)] F = 0 VS = eind , I = 0

207

12

(alpha particle)

(magnetic moment)

(linear)

208

12
1
1.

2.

3.

4.
5. F = F = I(l B)
F = IlB sin
6. (l)
(u)
7. 6 ()

8. 6 eind = (uB sin ) (l cos )
u B
9.

10. T = r F

11. F = I(l B)
12.

2
1.
1.1 12.7

12.7 1.1

209

12.8 1.2

1.2 12.8
2 1 y 5 ay
B = 0.1 ax

12.9 3

12.10 4

3 12.9
4 12.10 (A) (B)
5 / 1
2 /
.
.
.
.
() 0o () 45o () 90o () 180o
.
5 12.11 8 20
6.4 ()
()

210

B
u
l

12.11 5

12.12 7

6 4
0.5 2 8 /
7 12.12 10 /
0.5 ( ) 1 ()
()
8 10 12.13 ()
()
9 85 0.2 0.3
2 B = 6.5
10 r = 0.35 x x = 0 (0, 0, 0.35)
ay 5 B = 88.4(ax + az)

F = 20 N
30o

r = 0.25 m

12.13 8