,

, ,

, ,
.
, ,
.

,
.

/,

.1

.

(. , ,
..) ,

. -
,
,

38-

1
.
. https://www.matsne.gov.ge/
1

 2, :
,

, :
) , , , ,

;
)

;
)
;
) 59- ,

.3
), ) )

.4
,
(. , ,
,

..).

2 ,
, 38- (
),
,
. . Churchill, R.R., Lowe, A.V. The Law of the Sea,
third edition, . 6. Malcolm N. Shaw. international law, Fifts edition, 2003,
67.
3 . .
. www.un.org
4 Tanaka, Y. The International
Law of the Sea. . 8-13, 2012. Malcolm N. Shaw. international law, Fifts
edition, 2003, . 67.
2

, ) .5 ,

.
Jus Cogens ,
.6 1969
, 53 jus cogens
:
,
.

, ,


.7
38-
,
,

38- ), )

.8
,

5 . , T. Treves, Customary International Law, .

http://www.mpepil.com/sample_article?id=/epil/entries/law-9780199231690e1393&recno=29&
6
jus cogens . Malcolm N. Shaw. international law, Fifts
edition, 2003, .115.
7 . .
http://www.justice.gov.ge/index.php?lang_id=GEO&sec_id=697
8 Churchill, R.R., Lowe, A.V. The Law of the Sea, third edition, . 6.
3

 -
.

()
, 38- ) ,
,
,

: , ,
, , , , .9
1969 2-
, `~

,
,

.10
,

,11 /
.12
9 . .
http://treaties.un.org/Home.aspx?lang=en
10 . .
http://www.justice.gov.ge/index.php?lang_id=GEO&sec_id=697
11 . Churchill, R.R., Lowe, A.V. The Law of the Sea, third edition, . 6.
12 .
3- ) . .
. http://www.justice.gov.ge/index.php?
lang_id=ENG&sec_id=697&lang_id=GEO
4

. . ,

,

Jus Cogens.

), .
,
,13

.14

1986

,
.15

, ,

13 .
. .
.
http://www.caricom.org/jsp/secretariat/legal_instruments/agreement_imo_carico
m.jsp?menu=secretariat

. . .
http://www.interpol.int/About-INTERPOL/Legal-materials/InternationalCooperation-Agreements
14 . -
. .
.
http://www.pfdma.org/local/downloads/documents/US-EU_2004-02-27agreement-marine.pdf
15 2012 26
. . .
http://untreaty.un.org/ilc/texts/instruments/english/conventions/1_2_1986.pdf
. Menon, P. K. The Law of Treaties between States and International
Organizations. Lewiston u.a: Mellen, 1992.
5

 (
).16

,
( )
. . ,
.:
1982 ; 1988 10

; 1988 10 "

"; 2000 15

( ); 1958
.17

(CoE),18

(EU),19

(),
(BSEC),20 ()21
16 Churchill, R.R., Lowe, A.V. The Law of the Sea, third edition . 6.
17 . . http://treaties.un.org/Pages/ParticipationStatus.aspx

. .
http://www.hcch.net/index_en.php?act=conventions.listing
18. . www.coe.int
: ,

17- ;
() . www.coe.int

19. . http://europa.eu/index_en.htm
. http://eur-lex.europa.eu/RECH_accord.do?
ihmlang=en&mode=rep
20 . . www.bsec-organization.org
21 . . http://www.e-cis.info/
6

.22

(.
). ,
,
. ,
,
,

.23

(,

..)

(. , ,
10, 20, 50 .. ).


(, , , .).
. ,
, (. 2010 1
2012 1 ).

. ,

(,

.)

(
).
22 .
. http://www.police.ge/index.php?m=414
23 .
14- 18- . ,
,
, ,
.
7

 1982
305- 2- :
1984 9
1983

1984

-.

. 24 ,
42-
, : 2007 30

, -
.25

. .
() 42-
:

.26

,
,
. , -
, , ,
1969 .27

.
24 . . http://treaties.un.org/Home.aspx?lang=en
25 . . http://www.parliament.ge
26 . .
http://www.police.ge/index.php?m=414
27 . Sinclair, Ian McTaggart, Sir. The Vienna
Convention on the Law of Treaties, 1984.
8

. 1958
,28

.29

,

,
, .

,
.30

, .
,

, 31
.
,

28 :
; ; ;
.
. .
http://untreaty.un.org/cod/avl/ha/gclos/gclos.html
29 . Churchill, R.R., Lowe, A.V. The Law of the Sea, third edition gv. 15.
30 . Rosenne, S. Practice and Methods of International Law, New York:
Oceana, 1984, . 55.
31 . 1958 ,

, . Churchill, R.R., Lowe, A.V. The Law of the Sea, third edition .
144-145.
9

.32

. ,

,
, , . ,

,
.33

. :
1) , ()
.
,
: ,
.
, . ,

( )
.34 , ,
,

32 . 1982
, ,
, .
1983 10 ,
http://www.gc.noaa.gov/documents/031083-reagan_ocean_policy.pdf
33 . 1973-1982

, . Kvinikhidze, S. Genesis
and Development of the Exclusive Fishery Zones in the Law of the Sea (The
Practice of States in relation to the Establishment of the Exclusive Fishery
Zone), . 129, (2009) 310 . 206 516.
1982 1994 (
)
, . Churchill, R.R.,
Lowe, A.V. The Law of the Sea, third edition . 161.
34 . Malcolm N. Shaw. international law, Fifth edition, 2003, . 87
Churchill, R.R., Lowe, A.V. The Law of the Sea, third edition . 7 9.
10

..35

() , (

.36
(, , )
.
,
.
2) opinio juris . / ,

,
(
),

.37
35 . 12

.

12 . . Kvinikhidze, S.
Contemporary Exclusive Fishery Zones or Why Some States Still Claim an EFZ, IJMCL, Vol. 23,
No. 2, . 273, (2008), . 290, Kvinikhidze, S. Genesis and Development of
the Exclusive Fishery Zones in the Law of the Sea (The Practice of States in relation to the
Establishment of the Exclusive Fishery Zone), . 15-43, (2009).

36 .
, ,

.

.
,

. , ,

.
, , , Petroleum Development Ltd
v. Sheikh of Abu Dhabi, Award September 1951 . Churchill, R.R., Lowe, A.V. The
Law of the Sea, third edition gv. 144.
37 . Churchill, R.R., Lowe, A.V. The Law of the Sea, third edition . 7.
Malcolm N. Shaw. international law, Fifth edition, 2003, . 80.
11

.. . 38 -

- .
,
,

,

. 39 , ,
,

.

, 12
. 1960

, .. 6+6 ,

,

,
12
.40 , ,

38 33- (1945-1953 ).
infra .
39 . Churchill, R.R., Lowe, A.V. The Law of the Sea, third edition . 7.
40 . Kvinikhidze, S. Genesis and Development of the Exclusive Fishery Zones
in the Law of the Sea (The Practice of States in relation to the Establishment of
the Exclusive Fishery Zone), . 15-43, (2009).
12

.
,

Jus Cogens.41 ,
Jus Cogens
42,

.43
-

..

. ,
,
.

,
44 ( Jus Cogens -

). , ,
,

.

41 . Malcolm N. Shaw. international law, Fifth edition, . 117, (2003).

42 . Nieto-Navia R., INTERNATIONAL PEREMPTORY NORMS (JUS COGENS) AND
INTERNATIONAL HUMANITARIAN LAW, . 17,
http://www.iccnow.org/documents/WritingColombiaEng.pdf
43 . 1969 ,
53 64.
44 . Anglo-Norwegian Fisheries Case, ICJ Rep. .116, (1951) Malcolm N. Shaw.
international law, Fifts edition, . 85, (2003).

13


, . :
, ,
, ,
.
, .45
, ,

,
. ,
(case of Chern Jin FA v. Naniura)46
, ,

. , AngloNorwegian Fisheries Case, (1951),

(1869-1933

,
- . 47

,
(. Jus Cogens)
(, ) 48.

.49 , 20-
45 1982 ,
, , .
1983 10 ,
http://www.gc.noaa.gov/documents/031083-reagan_ocean_policy.pdf

46 , .
47 . Churchill, R.R., Lowe, A.V. The Law of the Sea, third edition . 34.
48 , . Infra.
49 . Churchill, R.R., Lowe, A.V. The Law of the Sea, third edition . 9,
. Malcolm N. Shaw. international law, Fifts edition, 2003, . 87.
14

 50-70-
, ..
4 . . 8 .. ,
(, ,
).50
,

,
, . :
, .
,

-- / ,

( , .
, , , ,
..), ,
,
,

. 51

, ,
, ,
. .
-

- .

. .

50 . Kvinikhidze, S. Genesis and Development of the Exclusive Fishery Zones

in the Law of the Sea (The Practice of States in relation to the Establishment of
the Exclusive Fishery Zone), . 28-32 . 39, (2009).
51 . Dahmani, M. The Fisheries Regime of the EEZ, 1987, . 84.
15

 .
,
. , 1996 31 N#140
2004 3 N#313
, ()

(),
. 2008
23 ,
-2
( ) ,
.

,
.

( , ) .
,

,
. , ,
..

,
/ (, ,
) -,
.52
.

52 . Kvinikhidze,
S. Current Legal Developments, Georgia, IJMCL, Vol. 27, No. 1. . 167-77,
(2012).
16

 ,
.. .53


.
.

.54

38-
,

,
.

.55

, .56

,
,
. ,
53 . Churchill, R.R., Lowe, A.V. The Law of the Sea, third edition, . 216-218.
54 . ???????
55 . Churchill, R.R., Lowe, A.V. The Law of the Sea, third edition, . 12.
56 . Malcolm N. Shaw. international law, Fifth edition, 2003, . 94
.
17

Pacta sunt Servanda,

26- :

.

.
: ..
due regard ,

.
.. due publicity,

-300 ,
`
,
,

,
,

57

, ,
.
,

. . 3
,

57 . Jon M. Van Dyke, Military Ships and Planes Operating in the EEZ of another Country,
www.hawaii.edu/elp/publications/faculty/TokyoPaperFinal.doc, gv.3 15.
18

 .58
3 , :
1)
2)
3)

, ,
.
XV .
,

,

.

38- ) ,

,
.
,
, ,

a .59
,

.

,
. , ,
58 . . http://www.coe.int/aboutCoe/index.asp?
page=quisommesnous&l=en
59 . Churchill, R.R., Lowe, A.V. The Law of the Sea, third edition, . 13.
19

 ,
.

:60 1) , . .
,

ICJ Iceland v UK

2)

, .

( )
. 3) .

.

.61
,
,
,
.
,

(..

explanatory report),

,
,

,
.62

60 . Tanaka, Y. The International Law of the Sea, 2012, . 13-14.

61 http://www.icj-cij.org/docket/index.php?
sum=353&p1=3&p2=3&case=68&p3=5
62 mag. ixileT evropis sabWos saxelSekrulebo baza www.coe.int
20

avtorebis CamoTvla da maTi wignebi maTi naSromebi zegavlenas

axdenen

mosamarTleebis

mier

miRebul

gadawyvetilebebze,

sasamarTlo

gadawyvetilebebi ki Tavis mxriv zegavleans axdenen saerTaSoriso samarTlis

ganviTarebaze.

/
63

,

.

,64

.
, ,
1969 ,

.65
63 The Practice of Provisional Application of
International Treaties in Georgia and the Legal Status Unilateral/Multilateral Declarations in
International Law Journal of International Law, Tbilisi State University, N.1, . 277, (2009).

64 soft law .
. Malcolm N. Shaw. international law, Fifts edition,
2003, .107-112 185 . 111.
65 . 1969
1 2. .
. http://www.justice.gov.ge/index.php?
21

.
,
. , ,

.
1975 ,66
,
.67

,

,
,

"

.
, ,
."68

, .69
lang_id=GEO&sec_id=697
66 ,
1975 1 , . .
http://www.osce.org/mc/39501
67 Malcolm N. Shaw. international law, Fifth edition, 2003, . 111.
68 . Memorandum of the Assistant Legal Adviser for Treaty Affairs, US State
Department, quoted in 88 AJIL, 1994. . 515, Malcolm N. Shaw.
international law, Fifts edition, 2003 . 111.
69 Malcolm N. Shaw. international law.2003 Fifths edition. . 112.
22

 ,
,
,

.70
,
.71 1969
" "
,

. , 1948
,72 1992 .73
102-

. ,

.74
70 Ibid., 813.
71 Ibid., . 812 10.
72 .
http://www.un.org/en/documents/udhr/index.shtml
73 .
www.unep.org/Documents.Multilingual/Default.asp?
DocumentID=78&ArticleID=1163
74 Malcolm N. Shaw. international law, Fifth edition, 2003, . 813
12. . ICJ Reports, 1994. . 115, 121.
23

, ,
,
, ,

.75 - ,

,
. ,
,

/.76 1992
.. .77
(. , , )
.78

,
.79

75 . . http://untreaty.un.org/olainternet/Assistance/Guide.htm#declarations
76 Ibid.
77 . .
www.unep.org/Documents.Multilingual/Default.asp?
DocumentID=78&ArticleID=1163
78 ix. .
http://europa.eu/legislation_summaries/justice_freedom_security/free_movemen
t_of_persons_asylum_immigration/l14564_en.htm
79 .
23, . .
http://www.consilium.europa.eu/uedocs/cms_data/docs/pressdata/en/jha/11158
0.pdf
24

 .
- 2009 9
.80
,

. ,
,
.81

,
.

1952

18

.82 ,

200
.83
1972 9 84,
80 . - . http://www.america.gov/st/texttransenglish/2009/January/20090109145313eaifas0.2139093.html
81 . - .
http://www.state.gov/p/eur/ci/gg/usgeorgiacommission/index.htm
82. Dahmani, M. The Fisheries Regime of the Exclusive Economic Zone, 1987, . 14-15;
Kvinikhidze, S. Genesis and Development of the Exclusive Fishery Zones in the Law of the Sea
(The Practice of States in relation to the Establishment of the Exclusive Fishery Zone), . 124,
(2009) Kvinikhidze, S. Contemporary Exclusive Fishery Zones or Why Some States Still
Claim an EFZ, IJMCL, Vol. 23, No. 2, . 271295, (2008).

83 S.N. Nandan, The Exclusive Economic Zone: a Historical Perspective .

. http://www.fao.org/docrep/s5280T/s5280t0p.htm
84
. : ,
, , , , , ,
, , , , , ,
. . UNLS, ST/LEG/SER.B/16 . 599.
25

 ..

.85

, : ,86
,87 ( )88
89

1970 17
2749 (XXV) ,

.90
.. 91 .92
1976 27

85 . Extavour, Winston Conrad The Exclusive Economic Zone, (1979), .

292 Dahmani, M. The Fisheries Regime of the Exclusive Economic Zone,
1987, . 16.
86 . Lay, S.H., Churchill, R. Nordquist, M., eds. New directions in the Law of the Sea,
Documents, Vol. I, (Oceana: Dobbs Ferry, New York, 1973), . 235.

87 Ibid., . 237.
88 . UNLS, ST/LEG/SER.B/16 . 601.
89 S.N. Nandan, The Exclusive Economic Zone: a Historical Perspective .
. http://www.fao.org/docrep/s5280T/s5280t0p.htm
Extavour, Winston Conrad The Exclusive Economic Zone, (1979), .
143-162 Dahmani, M. The Fisheries Regime of the Exclusive Economic Zone,
1987, . 14-21.
90 : Resolution 2749 (XXV) containing the "Declaration of
Principles Governing the Sea-Bed and the Ocean Floor, and the Subsoil Thereof,
beyond the Limits of National Jurisdiction" . .
http://www.un.org/ga/search/view_doc.asp?symbol=A/RES/2749(XXV)
91 ,
, LOSC XI.

92 . Tanaka, Y. The International Law of the Sea, 2012, . 14.

26

 200 ,93

.94
, , ,
,
.95 -
.
.
,

) ,

96

93 ILM, Vol.15, 1976, . 1425.

94 Kvinikhidze, S. Genesis and Development of the Exclusive Fishery Zones in
the Law of the Sea (The Practice of States in relation to the Establishment of the
Exclusive Fishery Zone), . 113, (2009).
95 . Guiding Principles applicable to unilateral declarations
of States capable of creating legal obligations- Text adopted by the International
Law Commission at its Fifty-eighth session, in 2006, and submitted to the
General Assembly as a part of the Commissions report covering the work of
that session (A/61/10). The report, which also contains commentaries on the
draft articles, will appear in Yearbook of the International Law Commission,
2006, vol. II, Part Two. mutatis mutandis
.
96 1948
,
. .
http://untreaty.un.org/ola-internet/Assistance/Guide.htm#declarations
27

 .97

/,

,
,
(. ,
, , ..

).

,98
.

99.

(. 200 ).100
97 .
supra
98 . .
http://www.trumanlibrary.org/proclamations/index.php?month=09&year=1945
99 1945 . 28 2 .
-
, ,
, - .
,
, ,
- . .
Churchill, R.R., Lowe, A.V. The Law of the Sea, third edition . 160;
Kvinikhidze, S. Genesis and Development of the Exclusive Fishery Zones in the
Law of the Sea (The Practice of States in relation to the Establishment of the
Exclusive Fishery Zone), . 81-84, (2009) Kvinikhidze, S.
Contemporary Exclusive Fishery Zones or Why Some States Still Claim an EFZ,
IJMCL, Vol. 23, No. 2. . 272, (2008).
100 . Kvinikhidze, S. Genesis and Development of the Exclusive Fishery Zones
in the Law of the Sea (The Practice of States in relation to the Establishment of
the Exclusive Fishery Zone), . 81-110, (2009).
28

 ,
,
1945 ,
.101
1946 ,102

.
,
.103
1947 . ,104
200

.105

106

)107

101 . UNLS., Vol.1, ST/LEG/SER.B/1, (1951), .. 14. Extavour.

Winston Conrad The Exclusive Economic Zone, 1979, . 74.
102 UN Leg. Ser., Vol.1, ST/LEG/SER.B/1, Vol.1, (1951), . 4-5.
103 Kvinikhidze, S. Genesis and Development of the Exclusive Fishery Zones in
the Law of the Sea (The Practice of States in relation to the Establishment of the
Exclusive Fishery Zone), . 86, (2009). Extavour, Winston Conrad The
Exclusive Economic Zone, . 75, (1979).
104 . 23rd June 1947: Presidential Declaration concerning the
continental shelf proclaiming an exclusive fishery jurisdiction zone up to 200
miles from the coast of Chile. The Evolving Limit of Coastal Jurisdiction. .
32, The Government of Iceland, Reykjavik (1974).
105 Kvinikhidze, S. Genesis and Development of the Exclusive Fishery Zones in
the Law of the Sea (The Practice of States in relation to the Establishment of the
Exclusive Fishery Zone), . 89-90, (2009).
106 The Evolving Limit of Coastal Jurisdiction. . 44, The Government of
Iceland, Reykjavik (1974).
107 Ibid., . 45-6.
29

 108
.109
, /
, 1957 ,

.110

1888

.111

.112

108 .
.???????
109 . Kvinikhidze, S. Genesis and Development of the Exclusive Fishery Zones
in the Law of the Sea (The Practice of States in relation to the Establishment of
the Exclusive Fishery Zone), . 101-104, (2009).
110 . UNTS, Vol.265, N.3821, . 299, 1957. .
http://treaties.un.org/doc/publication/unts/volume%20265/v265.pdf
. Churchill, R.R., Lowe, A.V. The Law of the Sea, third edition . 65.
111 . .
http://www.suezcanal.gov.eg/Treaties.aspx
112 102-

.
30