N-I

nn. olfactorii
-

N-II
-

( ,
)
( )
- hiposmia
- anosmia -
- hiperosmia
n. opticus
( 6 )
( ,
, )
.
(, , .... 35)

N-III
n.oculomotorius
N-IV
n. trochlearis
N-VI
n. abducens

rime oculi ( )
- ( )
- ( )

( )

Diplopia fields with individual muscle paralysis. The dark glass is in front of the right eye, and the fields are projected as the
patient sees the images. A. Paralysis of right lateral rectus. Characteristic: right eye does not move to the right. Field: horizontal
homonymous diplopia increasing on looking to the right. B. Paralysis of right medial rectus. Characteristic: right eye does not
move to the left. Field: horizontal crossed diplopia increasing on looking to the left. C. Paralysis of right inferior rectus.
Characteristic: right eye does not move downward when eyes are turned to the right. Field: vertical diplopia (image of right eye
lowermost) increasing on looking to the right and down. D. Paralysis of right superior rectus. Characteristic: right eye does not
move upward when eyes are turned to the right. Field: vertical diplopia (image of right eye uppermost) increasing on looking to
the right and up. E. Paralysis of right superior oblique. Characteristic: right eye does not move downward when eyes are turned to
the left. Field: vertical diplopia (image of right eye lowermost) increasing on looking to left and down. F. Paralysis of right inferior
oblique. Characteristic: right eye does not move upward when eyes are turned to the left. Field: vertical diplopia (image of right
eye uppermost) increasing on looking to left and up.

N-V

() ( ,
2 )
- ()
- 2 10- cm
,
- ,

-


- 20 /
-
20-50 /
-
50 /
- - +
( , - )
( )
- Hutchinson-

- Argyll-Robertson- ,

n. trigeminus

( ,
)
( , ,
...
)
( ...
)
2

- (
)
-

( ) ( ,
, )
-
( )
-
- -

( )-
-
-

N-VII

n. facialis

( )

-
- ,

- lagophthalamus
,

-
( ... )
- ,

N-VIII
-

.
n.cochlearis acusticus
,

10- ...
Schwabach-ov test ....

Rinne-

Weber-
-
-

n. vestibularis - staticus

N-IX
-

N-XI
-

N-XII
-

Romberg-o ( )
- ,

-
-
( ,
)
-
....... 10-15
( 2-3
)
-

n. glossopharingeus
( ,
)
-

.
( ,
)

n. accessorius
( , )

- ,
.
- , ,

n. hypoglossus

, , , , , ...

90

-

-
4

- , , ,
,
-

- I I - I I
! ! ! ! .....

-
! ! ! ! !.....

- L1, L2
.... 2 .

( ).... ,
( )
- ...
-
(
90)
-
( ,
... )
( ,
)
-
( )
-
- ... .....

-
- : !!!!!!!

(
, )
( , , ,
)
-
( , ,
) ..
-
5

45 90,
....

-
(
).... ....

-

( ...120>
- > 90)
,
.. ....
,
, ( )
.....
-
,

-
- +
-
,
2 3
-
-

(
), ,

( ,
, )

( ,
)
6

biceps( , )
triceps ( ,
!!!!
)
brachioradialis ( )
deltoideus trapezius
serratus antrior

m. psoas major et minor ,

, ,

m gluteus , ,



-

quadriceps ,
,

-
- ( )
-
- ...
,
-- ... ,

-

- .

-
-
: * *, *
*, * *
-
- ( )
,
- -
( )
,
... !!!!!!
-- (
... )
- (
... )
-- (
. )
7

, ,
....'''
- ...

,
- -
-




Gowers- - .

( , ,
..., , , ,
, , )
-
-
-

-

-
,
- , ''
'' , ,


,
( ), ,

, ,

- ,
( , )
-
!!!!!! ---,

- ,


-
, ,

8

-

-

( ) ,


-

, ,
, ,
, ...
,
,
, ,

....
,

Plexus brachialis
n. musculocutaneus () ,
....' '
n. radialis ,
...' '
n. medianus
, ,
-
- ....' ' ()
n.ulnaris
-
,

- ,

-

Plexus lumbalis
n. femoralis ,

-
9

Plexus sacralis
n.ischiadicus
, L4 L5 , ,
L5 S1 ......
n. tibialis , ,
, - n. peroneus
,


' ', ,

cauda equina -

-
-
-
-
-
-

. @2004/2005
Adams & Victor's Principles Of Neurology

10

- , , ,
.
, .
Valeove , , . nn.III, IV et VI -
( ) -
, .

- n.V - - ,
,
- n.VII - -

- nn.IX et X - (
), (
)
- n.XI - - . ,
, SCM-a;
- SCM
- n.XII - - m.geniolossus

- .
- (
); , - x-
; - - , ,
( ), -
- , x
- Gowersov ( ),
.
- /x /
- - , ,

- ,
, .

11