Cho hm cu v cung v 1 sn phm X ca mt quc gia c dng nh sau:

Qd = 120 - P
Qs = P - 40
Trong : P l gi c sn phm X n v tnh l USD ; Qd, Qs l s lng sn phm X tnh bng
1 n v. Gi s y l 1 nc nh v gi th gii bng Pw = 40USD
a) hy phn tch gi c, tiu dng, sn xut v nhp khu sn phm X ca quc gia ny khi
mu dch t do?
b) gi s chnh ph nh thu quan bng 50% ln gi tr hng ha X nhp khu. hy phn tch
tc ng ca chnh sch ny i vi thng d ngi tiu dng, thng d ngi sn xut, ngn
sch ca chnh ph v i vi nn kinh t quc gia.
Gii thch 1: Mu dch t do l t do thng mi, khng c s can thip ca nh nc...
Gii thch 2: D kin nc nh m bo rng sx ca nc ny khng nh hng n mt
bng chung gi c hng ha ca th gii.
Gi : V th i chng song song vi li gii ny.
Cu 1
Qd= 120 - P v Qs= P - 40 => Pcb = 80, Qcb = 40
V Pw=40 < Pcb=80 => nhp khu r rng l c li cho ngi tiu dng hn => mc gi c
s dng l P=40
Ti P=40, sn lng trong nc sx c l Q1=40 - 40 = 0 => ngha l nhp khu hon ton.
S lng nhp khu tiu dng Qtd=120 - 40 = 80 vsl
=> nh hng nghim trng n kh nng tiu dng trong nc, hn ch s pht trin ca
ngnh cng nghip sx sn phm X.
Cu 2
CP nh thu t = 50% => mc gi th gii sau nhp khu Pw'=40 * (1+ 50%) = 60/1 n v
sn phm X.
V Pw' < Pcb => vn phi nhp khu mi c li => mc gi X c s dng l P=60
- Ti P=60 => nhu cu tiu dng trong nc l Q1= 120 - 60 = 60
- Kh nng trong nc t sx c l Q2= 60 - 40 = 20 < 60
=> phi nhp thm Qnk= 60 - 20 = 40.
- Ngn sch thu v s tin thu nhp khu l T = 50%*40*40= 800 usd.
- Cn c vo th s ch ra c phn thng d tiu dng, sx v np NS nh no.
=> CP nh thu bo h nn sx trong nc trc nhng tc ng ca kinh t th gii khi
m sx trong nc cn km hiu qu
cho hm cung v hm cu v th trng sn phm X ti vit nam nh sau:
QDX = 100 - 5PX
QSX = 5PX + 50
Trong , PX l gi c sn phm X tnh bng 100.000, QDX, QSX l s lng sn phm X tnh
bng mt n v sn phm. gi th gii v sn phm X l PW = 10USD. T gi hi on 1USD
= 10.000vnd
a) Hy phn tch tnh hnh g xy ra Vit Nam i vi sn phm X khi mu dch xy ra?

b) Nu chnh ph nh thu quan l 100% ln gi tr sn phm X nhp khu. Hy phn tch

tnh hnh th trng sn phm X ti Vit Nam
a>*Khi c mu dch t do ngha la Quc gia ny T do ha thng mai:khng c s can thip
ca hng ro thu quan tc l khng c s can thip ca nh nc:
iu kin T do ha thng mai l tn=Pw=40USD
Thay P=40 vao pt ng Qd:=>Qd=120-40=80(sn phm)
Qs:=>Qs=40-40=0(sn phm)
=>Qnk=Qd-Qs=80(sn phm)
b>*Do chnh ph nh thu T=50%=>Ptn=(40+50%)=60USD
Thay P=60 vo Qd:=>Qd=120-60=60
Qs:=->Qs=60-40=20
=>Qnk=40(sn phm)
Ta i tnh sn lng cn bng:
120-P=P-40=>Po=80->Qo=40
gii bi ny mt cch n gin th ta v th ng cung cu:=>cc bn v ra ri t gii