QUY TRÌNH TÍNH TOÁN VÀ HƯỚNG DẪN SỬ DỤNG PHẦN MỀM LỰA CHỌN CHI

1
QUY TRNH TNH TON V HNG DN S DNG PHN MM LA

CHN CHI TIT MY TIU CHUN MITCalc
Chng ny gii thiu quy trnh thit k la chn cc chi tit my tiu chuNn dng s
v tnh trn MITCalc. Mi chi tit c tiu chuNn cc thng s khc nhau, tuy nhin, quy
trnh la chn chi tit khc nhau trong mt s trng hp s tng t nhau. thc hin c
phng php thit k la chn mt cch nhanh chng, hiu qu, ta c th kt hp vi phn mm
ng dng v tra cu, tnh ton.
Hin nay, Vit Nam v Th gii c kh nhiu phn mm tnh ton, tra cu thng s chi
tit my. V d: phn mm tra cu thp hnh (Vit Nam), phn mm tra cu ln (SKF), phn
mm tnh ton chi tit my, MITCalc hoc phn tnh ton c t trong tin ch ca cc phn
mm thit k nh Autodesk Inventor Trong , phn mm MITCalc tnh ton thit k c
hu ht cc chi tit my thng dng, cc d liu ca phn mm cng da trn c s d liu ca
cc tiu chuNn thng dng nh ISO, DIN, ASTM, ANSI, JIS,V vy, ta s xy dng quy trnh
la chn cc chi tit my tiu chuNn da vo phn mm tnh ton chi tit my MITCalc 1.5.
MITCalc (Mechanical, Industrial and Technical Calculations) l mt h thng thit k
m trong Microsoft Excel do cng ty Ing. Miroslav Petele, Cng ha Sc thc hin. MITCalc
gm c tnh ton thit k v kim nghim cho nhiu chi tit my khc nhau nh: bnh rng, ai,
xch, trc, chi tit ghp trc, cht Phn mm ny c tin cy, chnh xc cao v trn ht
l ng dng hu ch cho qu trnh thit k chi tit, gii quyt mt vn k thut hoc tnh ton
mt ni dung c kh m khng cn phi c kin thc chuyn su nh cc nh thit k thng
thng.
Nguyn bn ci t ca MITCalc l ting Anh, v vy, chng ti Vit ha nhm gip
cng vic tham kho, s dng c d dng, nhanh chng hn.
Giao din la chn chc nng ca phn mm MITCalc 1.5.
_____________________________________________________________________________________
H THNG HA CC CHI TIT MY V CM CHI TIT MY TIU CHUN
Quy trnh thit k la chn cc chi tit tiu chuNn c phn lm 2 phn:
Phn 1: S quy trnh v gii thch cc bc trong quy trnh
Phn 2: ng dng phn mm MITCalc thc hin cc bc thit k la chn
1 Quy trnh thit k la chn chi tit ghp
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Hnh 1 Chi tit ghp tiu chun trong MITCalc

1.1. Quy trnh la chn cc chi tit trong mi ghp ren
Cc chi tit trong mi ghp ren c mi lin h v hnh dng, kch thc ren, ng knh
lp ghp gia trc v l. V vy, cc chi tit ny c la chn trong mt quy trnh. Cc thng s
c tiu chuNn ha trong nhm chi tit ny l: Dng ren, ng knh ren, bc ren.
Quy trnh la chn cc chi tit trong mi ghp ren c thc hin nh sau:
Bc 1: La chn loi bulng
Ngi thit k s da vo cc yu cu v hnh dng bn ngoi ca tm ghp m quyt
nh s dng bulng, vt hay vt cy.
Theo tiu chuNn ISO 1891-2009 quy nh hnh dng v tn loi cc loi bulng, v cc
chi tit h tr, tiu chuNn ISO 225-2010 quy nh cc k hiu ca thng s hnh hc cc loi
bulng.
Bc 2: La chn vt liu(cp bn) ca bulng
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Sau khi la chn loi bulng/vt/ vt cy, ngi thit k s xem xt la chn cp bn cc
chi tit ny da vo cc yu cu k thut t ra. Trong tiu chuNn ISO 898-1:2009 (bulng bng
thp), ISO 8839:1986 (Bulng bng kim loi mu) quy nh v c tnh v l tnh ca cc chi
tit ny. Trong qu trnh la chn, ngi thit k s la chn nhng chi tit c c tnh tha mn
yu cu t ra. Thng thng, ngi thit k s xc nh vt liu ch to bulng v sau s tra
c tnh theo tiu chuNn thch hp.
Gii thch thm v k hiu ca cc cp bn bulng/ vt/ vt cy: bn ca cc chi tit
trn lm bng thp theo tiu chuNn ISO c th hin qua cc con s trn k hiu ca chng. K
hiu bao gm hai ch s c cch nhau bng du chm. Ch s bn tri ca du chm khi nhn
thm 100 chnh l gi tr ca bn ko theo n v MPa trong khi con s bn phi l 1/10 ca
t s gia bn ko v gii hn chy .
Sau khi la chn kch thc ren, ngi thit k s xc nh cc kch thc chi tit da
vo cc tiu chuNn ca loi bulng/ vt/ vt cy c chn.
Sau khi xc nh chi tit c th, ngi thit k s phi tin hnh kim nghim li cc ng
sut sinh ra v so snh vi ng sut cho php.
Trong bc ny, chng ta c th s dng cc phn mm thit k chi tit my t ng
tnh ton kim nghim.
Bc 5: La chn ai c
ai c l chi tit kt hp vi bulng lp ghp mi ghp c nh tho ri c. Vic
la chn ai c cng kh quan trng trong kt cu ghp bng ren.
Thng thng, vic la chn ai c s c thc hin cng vi la chn bulng. ai c
v bulng c cng dng ren, ng knh ren, bc ren... mi lp ghp vi nhau c.
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Hnh 2 Quy trnh la chn cc chi tit mi ghp bng ren
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Vic la chn ai c c th l hnh dng ca n, ty vo iu kin lm vic, hnh dng

b phn my sau khi ghp m ta c th chn hnh dng ai c thch hp. V d: ai c lc gic,
ai c vung, ai c c cnh...
thc hin vic la chn ai c tiu chuNn, ngi thit k tham kho tiu chuNn ISO
1891-2009 la chn ai c tiu chuNn ha.
ai c s chu lc xit khi lp vi bulng, tiu chuNn ISO 2320-2008 qui nh lc xit v
moment xon ng vi ng knh ren ca cc nhm ai c.
V c tnh, mi ghp t hiu qu, c tnh ca bulng v ai c phi tng ng

nhau. Bng sau cung cp cho ngi thit k k hiu nhm ai c v s kt hp ca bulng v ai
c c c tnh tng ng.
K hiu nhm ai c l mt ch s bng 1/100 ca ti trng cho php.
V d: nhm 4 ngha l ti trng cho php l 4 x 100 = 400 MPa
Cc tnh cht c th ca tng loi ai c, ta c th tham kho tiu chuNn ISO 898-2:1992.
Bc 6: La chn vng m
Vng m l vng thp mng t gia ai c v chi tit ghp, dng bo v b mt chi
tit ghp, ng thi lm tng din tch tip xc ca b mt chi tit ghp vi ai c. Vng m c
nhiu loi, phng vnh hoc cc hnh dng khc Vic la chn vng m s ph thuc vo
ng knh bulng v yu cu k thut. Hin nay, ch c vng m phng c t chc ISO tiu
chuNn ha. V vy, trong phn ny s ch trnh by quy trnh la chn vng m phng.
Bng 1 Hng dn s kt hp bulng/vt/vt cy vi ai c
K hiu nhm ai c lm bng thp
Nhm
10
12
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Ti trng cho php, MPa
400
500
600
800
1000
1200
Kt hp Bulng/ Vt/ vt cy v ai c bng thp

Nhm Bulng
3.6
4.6
4.8
5.6
6.8
8.8
10.9
12.9
(14.9)
Nhm ai c khuyn dng
10
12
14
Ghi ch: C th s dng nhm ai c cao hn so vi nhm bulng

Theo tiu chuNn ISO 10644:2009, kch thc vng m lp vi chi tit c ren s ph
thuc vo ng knh ren. Sau khi la chn c chi tit ren (bulng, vt, ai c), ta s s dng
tiu chuNn trn la chn vng m cho thch hp.
QUY TRNH LA CHN CC CHI TIT GHP BNG REN (BULNG/VT/VT CY,
AI C, VNG M) TRN PHN MM MITCALC 1.5
Chn chc nng thit k mi ghp ren:
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Giao din ca mun thit k mi ghp bulng:
Bc 1: La chn loi chi tit ghp
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Ghi ch:
+ Mi ghp bulng khng c ai c : Vt cy

+ Mi ghp bulng c ai c: Bulng hoc Vt
Vt cy c 2 loi:
Bulng c 2 loi:
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Bc 2: La chn vt liu (Cp bn) ca chi tit ghp
Ghi ch: C 3 tiu chuNn vt liu l ISO, SAE v ASTM, ta chn ISO. Sau , ta chn
cp bn ca bulng theo ISO:
Bc 3: La chn kch thc ca chi tit ghp

Chn kiu ren v bc ren:
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Chn ng knh ren:
Sau khi chn ng knh ren, phn mm s xc nh cc kch thc cn li ca ren theo tiu
chuNn ISO
Bc 4:Tnh ton kim nghim iu kin bn

+ Nhp lc tc dng:
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+ Kt qu tnh ton:
Chi tit tha mn iu kin bn khi cc gi tr ca h s an ton ln hn h s an
ton cho php m ngi thit k yu cu. Trong phn mm MITCalc 1.5, gi tr khng tha s c
mu .
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Bc 5, 6: La chn ai c v vng m cho mi ghp

Sau khi la chn cc thng s, ngi thit k c th bit c cc kch thc cn li
ca bulng/vt/vt cy, ai c v vng m s dng cng vi bulng/vt/vt cy c chn bng
cch xut d liu CAD
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1.2 Quy trnh la chn inh tn

inh tn l mt loi chi tit dng ghp cc vt th vi nhau. Chng thng c s
dng trong xy dng v sn xut. m bo inh tn uc s dng ng mc ch, vic la
chn inh tn thch hp l quan trng trong qu trnh thit k. Ngi thit k s so snh cc loi
inh tn da vo cc gi tr v ln, kh nng chng n mn v vt liu lm inh tn.
i vi inh tn, cc thng s tiu chuNn gm c:
Hnh dng inh tn
ng knh inh tn
Chiu di inh tn
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Hnh 3 Quy trnh la chn chi tit ghp bng inh tn

Bc 1: La chn loi inh tn
Vic la chn loi inh tn ph thuc vo kh nng chu ti trng v yu cu b mt lp
ghp. Nu yu cu b mt phng, ta chn inh tn u chm v nu khng yu cu v b mt, ta
chn inh tn thng.
Bc 2: La chn vt liu cho inh tn
La chn inh tn c lm bng vt liu cng vi vt liu ca vt cn lp ghp. V d,
nu bn lp ghp hai tm thp vi nhau, bn hy dng mt inh tn bng thp. C gng tm mt
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inh tn lm bng hp kim tng t nu c th. Nu bn chn mt inh tn s dng cho vt bng
nhm, bn hy chn mt inh tn lm bng hp kim nhm.
Theo ISO, inh tn s dng trong c kh v xy dng thng lm bng thp ccbon thp.
i vi ng dng v trng lng, n mn hoc s thng nht vt liu, in tn c th lm bng
ng (+hp kim), nhm (+Hp kim),..
Bc 3: Chn chiu di cho inh tn
Theo tiu chuNn v inh tn, chiu di ca inh tn (k hiu l l) c o t cnh di
ca u n nh ca thn inh tn. V d: K hiu kch thc ca inh tn theo tiu chuNn ISO
15973:2000.
Hnh 4 Hnh dng inh tn

Chiu di ca inh tn nn bng chiu dy ca hai vt th bn s ghp cng 1.5 ln
ng knh ca thn inh tn. V d: Mt inh tn c ng knh 4mm s c s dng ghp hai
tm phng dy 2mm s c chiu di l : l = 2x2+4x1.5 =10mm.
Bc 4: La chn ng knh ca inh tn
inh tn phi ghp kn vi l lp ghp. Bi v cc l ny c khoan trc nn vic la
chn inh tn c cng ng knh vi l l quan trng. Mt inh tn qu ln s khng lp ghp
c, trong khi mt inh tn qu nh s khng lp ghp an ton.
Theo tiu chuNn ISO 1051:1999, ng knh danh ngha tiu chuNn ca inh tn l:
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La chn 1: 1, 1.2, 1.6, 2, 2.5, 3, 4, 5, 6, 8, 10, 12, 16, 20, 24, 30,36
La chn 2: 1.4, 3.5, 7, 14, 18, 22, 27, 33
Bc 4: Tnh ton kim nghim inh tn theo iu kin bn
Kim nghim theo theo bn ct v dp.
1.3 Quy trnh la chn cht nh v
Vic la chn cht nh v ph thuc vo cng dng, ng knh l, v tr t cht. Ngi
thit k c th la chn loi cht, sau tham kho cc kch thc, k hiu, vt liu theo cc tiu
chuNn ISO tng ng.
Cc thng s tiu chuNn ca cht nh v gm c: Hnh dng cht, ng knh cht v
chiu di cht
Bc 1: La chn hnh dng cht
Ty vo iu kin lm vic v yu cu v b mt, ta chn loi cht thch hp. Theo ISO,
cc loi cht tiu chuNn gm c: cht tr, cht tr c vai, cht l xo, cht tr c ren, cht tr c
rnh, cht cn,...
Bc 2: La chn vt liu cho cht
Vic la chn vt liu cho cht ty thuc vo ti trng tc dng. Ty vo ln ca ti
trng, loi ti trng m ta chn loi vt liu c bn, cng cho thch hp.
Thng thng, vt liu lm cht l Thp kt cu, thp hp kim, thp c, thp ti, gang,
hp kim nhm, hp kim ng,...
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Hnh 5 Quy trnh la chn cht

Bc 3: La chn kch thc cht
Kch thc tiu chuNn ca cht l ng knh cht v chiu di cht. Vic la chn kch
thc ty thuc vo ng knh trc hoc chiu dy chi tit ghp.
Bc 4: Tnh ton kim nghim bn cho cht
Sau khi xc nh kch thc ca cht, ta tnh ton kim nghim bn cho cht theo la
ct v moment xon.
QUY TRNH LA CHN CHT NNH VN TRN PHN MM
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+ Chn chc nng tnh ton thit k cht nh v:
+ Giao din ca phn tnh ton thit k cht:
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20
Bc 1: Chn loi cht: Ta chn loi cht theo tiu chuN n ISO
Bc 2: Chn vt liu ca cht
Bc 3: Chn kch thc cht

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Bc 4: Tnh ton kim nghim bn cho cht

+ Chn kiu lp ghp:
+ Nhp thng s ti trng tc dng:
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+ Kim tra kt qu tnh ton bn:
2 Quy trnh la chn b truyn ai

B truyn ai lm vic theo nguyn l ma st, dng truyn chuyn ng v cng sut
gia hai trc kh xa (< 15m). Thit k b truyn ai l ta i tm cc thng s ca ai, bnh ai
tha mn yu cu v cng sut, ti trng. B truyn ai gm cc dng sau:
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Hnh 6 Phn loi b truyn ai

Ngi thit k chn loi ai theo yu cu v vn tc, cng sut v ti trng. Bng sau y
so snh cc thng s lm vic ca cc loi ai.
Bng 2 So snh thng s lm vic ca cc loi ai
Dt
Hiu sut
nh nht
0,98
70
ng knh dmin T s truyn umax

(mm)
ln nht
40
10
Thang
Thang hp
Rng
0,80
0,86
0,98
30
40
50
67
60
16
Dng ai
Vn tc ln nht (m/s)
7
8
20 30
Hin nay, hu ht cc loi ai u c tiu chuN n ha nhng thng dng nht l ai

thang v ai rng bi nhng c tnh k thut v u im ca chng. Trong ti ny, chng ti
xin gii thiu quy trnh thit k la chn ai thang v ai rng.
Cc thng s tiu chuN n ca ai gm c: ng knh bnh ai, chiu di ai, loi ai
(tng ng loi ai l cc kch thc hnh hc tiu chuN n)
2.1 Quy trnh la chn ai thang
ai thang l loi ai c s dng nhiu trong truyn ng, c bit l v tr truyn
ng t ng c sang hp gim tc hoc b truyn bnh rng
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Hnh 7.Quy trnh la chn ai thang

Bc 1: Chn loi ai
Trong th tra c cc loi ai thang tiu chuN n: A, B, C, D, E, SPA, SPB, SPC v
SPZ. Ngi thit k s quyt nh chn loi no ty thuc vo cng sut P (kW) v s vng quay
n (vg/ph).
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25
Bc 2: Chn ng knh vng chia bnh ai v chiu di dy ai

Kch thc cc chi tit trong b truyn ai c tiu chuN n l ng knh vng chia ca
bnh ai, chiu di dy ai. Ngi thit k s la chn cc kch thc ny, t tnh ton c
cc kch thc cn li ca b truyn.
Bc 3: Tnh ton kim nghim b truyn ai
Trc khi tnh ton kim nghim, ngi thit k s xc nh cc thng s lm vic nh
cng sut (P), tc vng/pht (n) v iu kin ti trng.
B truyn ai c kim nghim da vo h s an ton v tc v ca dy ai.
S DNG PHN MM MITCALC 1.5 TNH TON THIT K B TRUYN AI THANG
+ Chn chc nng tnh ton thit k ai thang:
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26
+ Giao din ca phn tnh ton thit k ai thang:
+ Nhp thng s truyn ng:
Bc 1: Chn loi ai
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27
Bc 2: Chn ng knh vng chia bnh ai v chiu di dy ai:

+ Chn ng knh vng chia ca bnh ai
+ Chn chiu di dy ai
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28
Bc 3: Tnh ton kim nghim b truyn ai thang

+ Nhp thng s hot ng v ti trng:
+ Kt qu tnh ton:
2.2 Quy trnh la chn ai rng
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Hnh 8 Quy trnh la chn ai rng

Bc 1: Chn loi ai
Cc loi ai rng tiu chuN n gm c: MXL, XL, L, H, XH, XXH. Ngi thit k s quyt
nh chn loi no ty thuc vo cng sut P v s vng quay n.Trn hnh di y hng dn
la chn loi ai rng theo P v n.
Bc 2: Chn chiu rng dy ai, s rng ca bnh ai v dy ai

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30
Kch thc cc chi tit ca b truyn ai tiu chuN n l chiu rng dy ai, s rng ca
bnh ai v dy ai. Ngi thit k s la chn cc kch thc ny, t tnh ton c cc kch
thc cn li ca b truyn.
Bc 3: Tnh ton kim nghim b truyn ai rng
Trc khi tnh ton kim nghim, ngi thit k s xc nh cc thng s lm vic nh
cng sut (P), s vng quay vg/ph (n) v iu kin ti trng.
B truyn ai c kim nghim da vo cng sut truyn bi dy ai v h s s dng
dy ai.
S DNG PHN MM MITCALC 1.5 TNH TON THIT K B TRUYN AI RNG:
+ Chn chc nng tnh ton thit k ai rng:
+ Giao din ca phn tnh ton thit k ai rng:

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31
Bc 1: Chn loi ai
Bc 2: Chn b rng dy ai, s rng ca bnh ai v dy ai

+ Chn b rng dy ai
+ Chn s rng ca bnh ai (ng knh bnh ai)

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32
+ Chn s rng ca dy ai (chiu di dy ai)
Bc 3: Tnh ton kim nghim b truyn ai rng

+ Nhp thng s hot ng v ti trng:
+ Kt qu tnh ton:
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33
3 Quy trnh la chn b truyn xch

Xch l chi tit c tiu chuN n ha, do tnh ton thit k b truyn xch l chn cc
kch thc hnh hc ca b truyn xch theo kh nng lm vic.
Trong cc loi xch truyn ng, ta thng s dng xch rng hoc xch ng con ln, c
th tham kho s sau:
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34
Vn tc xch > 10 15 m/s?

Lm vic m, khng n
Khng
S dng xch ng
con ln
S dng xch rng
Hnh 9 Phng n la chn loi xch

Theo tiu chuN n ISO, xch ng con ln c tiu chuN n ha a dng hn l xch rng. V
vy, ti ny ch xy dng quy trnh la chn xch ng con ln
Thng s tiu chuN n ca xch ng con ln l bc xch.
Hnh 10 Quy trnh la chn xch ng con ln

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35
Bc 1: La chn loi xch ng con ln tiu chu#n

Cc loi xch ng con ln tiu chuN n thng c s dng l ca ISO, ASME, DIN. Ty
vo khch hng m ngi thit k s chn loi tiu chuN n thch hp vi tiu chuN n ca quc gia
hoc cng ty.
Bc 2: La chn bc xch
Bc xch l gi tr c tiu chuN n ha ca b truyn xch. Sau khi chn bc xch, ta
c th tnh ton c hu ht cc thng s hnh hc ca b truyn xch nh: s mc xch, khong
cch trc, ng knh vng chia a xch,
Bc 3: Tnh ton kim nghim

Trong thit k xch, phn tnh ton kim nghim s tp trung vo kim tra cc h s an
ton chng ph hy v p sut cho php.
+ Nhp cc thng s lm vic v iu kin ti trng:
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36
+ Kt qu tnh ton: Phn t l cha t yu cu
4 Quy trnh la chn bnh rng v trc vt

B truyn bnh rng lm vic theo nguyn l n khp, thc hin truyn chuyn ng v
cng sut nh vo s n khp ca cc rng trn bnh rng. B truyn bnh rng c th truyn
chuyn ng quay gia cc trc song song, giao nhau, cho nhau hay bin i chuyn ng quay
thnh chuyn ng tnh tin hoc ngc li.
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37
Ty theo v tr gia cc trc truyn ng, kh nng chu ti trng, ta s chn loi bnh rng
ph hp vi cc yu cu k thut. Ngi thit k c th tham kho theo bng sau:
Bng 3 nh gi cht lng ca cc b truyn bnh rng
nh gi v chc nng v
chnh xc
Truyn ng gia 2 trc
song song
Bnh rng t hiu sut cao khi truyn
tr
rng ng tc cao, ti trng
ln
thng
chnh xc rt cao
Loi
ng dng
Ghi ch v chnh xc
C th s dng trong
cc b truyn ng v
hp gim tc t s
truyn ln
Rng n gin nht s cho

chnh xc cao nht. u tin la
chn cho tt c cp bnh rng,
tr nhng trng hp tc v
ti trng rt cao hoc cc chc
nng c bit nh hai trc
vung gc.
Cht lng tng ng bnh
rng thng, khng s dng
c cho trng hp gc
nghing. Nn s dng cho tt c
cp bnh rng tc v ti
trng cao. Nn lp trc vi chi
tit chn dc trc thch hp.
Khng s dng cho cp bnh
rng chnh xc. Tip xc im
gii hn cng sut v s chnh
xc. Thch hp cho b truyn
vung gc ti trng nh. Mt s
trng hp c th thay th bnh
rng cn. iu
Bi trn tt do tip xc im v
qu trnh trt lin tc.
Khng s dng cho cp bnh
rng chnh xc bi v gii hn
trong thit k, ch to v kim
nghim. Ch nn s dng khi
Truyn ng trc song

song.
Bnh rng Tc v ti trng rt cao.
tr
rng Hiu sut nh hn so vi
bnh rng nghing.
nghing
chnh xc tt
Ch yu ng dng cho
tc v ti trng cao;
c th thay th bnh
rng thng
Truyn ng cc trc xin.

Tip xc im
trt ln
Bnh rng Tc thp
tr
rng Ti trng nh
chnh xc khng cao
xon
T s truyn nh; Tc
thp v ti trng
nh. S dng cho tt
c trc xin
.
Trc song song

Bnh rng Tc cao
tr n khp Ti trng ln
trong
chnh xc trung bnh
B truyn n khp
trong ng dng trong
trng hp yu cu
tc v ti trng ln;
_____________________________________________________________________________________
38
trt thp v ti
trng nn cao; S
dng tc cho cng sut
ln, lm vic lu di.
S dng trong h bnh
rng hnh tinh gim
tc vi t s truyn
ln.
Trc ct nhau
Thch hp cho t s
Tc ln
truyn 1:1 v cao hn
Ti trng ln
v cp bnh rng
Bnh rng chnh xc t trung bnh vung gc (v gc
n tt.
khc)
cn
Trc cho nhau

T s truyn ln
T s truyn ln
Truyn ng gc
Tc v ti trng ln, Ti trng ln
hiu sut thp
Hu ht khng chuyn ng
Bnh vt
thun nghch c.
Trc vt
chnh xc t trung bnh
n tt.
chc nng n khp trong l cn

thit.
La chn tt cho b truyn

vung gc, c bit l t s
truyn nh. Tuy nhin, hnh
dng v ch to phc tp nh
hng khng tt n chnh
xc. Nn t ti mt trong
nhng v tr khng quan trng
ca b truyn.
Trc vt c th ch to chnh
xc cao nhng bnh vt c
nhng hn ch ring. c s
dng cho b truyn chnh
xc trung bnh nhng c th s
dng cho chnh xc cao nu
theo di thng xuyn. La
chn tt nht cho b truyn
vung gc c t s truyn ln.
trt ln yu cu bi trn
tt.
Bc 2: La chn vt liu bnh rng

C nhiu iu kin cn xem xt trc khi la chn vt liu bnh rng, ngi thit k
c th xem xt cc iu kin sau: ng sut un cho php, chng mi mn, bn chng va p,
chng n mn v nc, chi ph sn xut, trng lng, tin cy, yu cu bi trn, n nh kch
thc, nhit b mt v mi trng lm vic.
_____________________________________________________________________________________
39
Ngi thit k c th xem xt cc vt liu sau:

Bng 4 c im chung ca mt s vt liu ch to bnh rng
Vt liu
c im
ng dng
chnh xc
Kim loi en
Gang
Kch thc ln, cng sut

Gi r, gia cng ct gt tt, kh
trung bnh, bnh rng c tnh thng mi
nng t tt dn dao ng cao
thng mi
Thp c
Gi r, bn cao
Bnh rng cng sut, cng

c tnh thng mi
sut trung bnh
Thp Cacbon
Bnh rng cng sut, cng chnh xc trung
Gia cng ct gt tt, nhit luyn
thng
sut trung bnh
bnh
Thp hp kim
Nhit luyn, bn cao
Yu cu cng sut cao
Thp khng g
Chng n mn cao, khng c t

Cng sut thp
tnh
chnh xc cao
chnh xc cao
Kim loi mu
Hp
nhm
kim Trng lng nh, khng b n

Bnh rng rt nh
mn, kh nng ct gt tt
Hp kim ng
Gi r, khng b n mn, kh
Cc dng c chi ph thp
nng ct gt tt
Hp kim c
Gi r, bn thp
khun
chnh xc cao
chnh xc trung
bnh
Sn lung ln, cht lng

chnh xc thp
thp, c tnh kinh t
Phi kim loi

Ny long
Khng ma st hoc bi trn, Tui th cao, lm vic m, Cht

thm nc cao
ti trng nh
bnh
lng
trung
Delrin
Lp chng mi mn, tui th Ti trng nh
lng
trung
Cht
_____________________________________________________________________________________
40
cao
bnh
Bc 3: La chn kch thc bnh rng

Vic la chn kch thc bnh rng ph thuc vo ng knh trc, kh nng ti, v
kch thc ca v hp gim tc, .
Theo tiu chuN n chi tit bnh rng c tiu chuN n ha cc thng s gm: Moun (h
mt) hoc bc rng (h Inch), khong cch trc... Ngi thit k c th la chn cc thng s
tiu chuN n, t s tnh ton c cc kch thc cn li ca b truyn bnh rng nh: ng
knh, chiu rng vnh rng,
Tnh ton kim nghim bnh rng l tnh ton ng sut un, ng sut tip xc, ng
sut qu ti. Sau ta so snh cc ng sut sinh ra vi ng sut cho php xem bnh rng c tha
mn iu kin bn hay khng.
S DNG PHN MM MITCALC 1.5 TNH TON THIT K LA CHN BNH
RNG:
+ Chn chc nng tnh ton thit k bnh rng tr rng thng/rng nghing:
_____________________________________________________________________________________
41
+ Giao din ca phn tnh ton thit k bnh rng tr rng thng/rng nghing:
Bc 1: La chn loi bnh rng

+ Chn bnh rng tr rng thng: = 0o
_____________________________________________________________________________________
42
+ Chn bnh rng tr rng nghing: = 8o 20o
Bc 3: Chn kch thc bnh rng: Ta chn tr s moun v s rng
_____________________________________________________________________________________
43
Bc 4: Tnh ton kim nghim: Nhp cc thng s truyn ng: Chn cng sut, t s truyn,
s vng quay
_____________________________________________________________________________________
44
+ Chn cc iu kin ti trng, kiu lp ghp,
+ Kt qu tnh ton: Kim tra h s an ton ca b truyn
+ Kim tra vn tc vng ca b truyn:
_____________________________________________________________________________________
45
QUY TRNH LA CHN BNH RNG CN TRN PHN MM MITCALC 1.5:

+ Chn chc nng tnh ton thit k bnh rng cn:
+ Giao din ca phn tnh ton thit k bnh rng cn:
_____________________________________________________________________________________
46
Bc 1: La chn loi bnh rng
Chn bnh rng cn rng thng: m = 0o
Chn bnh rng cn rng nghing: m = 8o 20o
_____________________________________________________________________________________
47
Bc 3: Chn kch thc bnh rng: Ta chn tr s moun v s rng

+ Nhp cc thng s truyn ng: Chn cng sut, t s truyn, tc ,
_____________________________________________________________________________________
48
+ Chn cc iu kin ti trng, kiu lp ghp,
+ Chn cp chnh xc ca bnh rng
+ Kt qu tnh ton: Kim tra an ton bn un v bn tip xc qu ti ca b truyn
_____________________________________________________________________________________
49
+ Kim tra vn tc vng ca b truyn
QUY TRNH LA CHN BNH VT TRC VT TRN PHN MM MITCALC 1.5:

+ Chn chc nng tnh ton thit k bnh vt trc vt:
_____________________________________________________________________________________
50
+ Giao din ca phn tnh ton thit k trc vt - bnh vt:
_____________________________________________________________________________________
51
Bc 1: La chn dng trc vt (profile)

Theo tiu chuN n ISO/TR 10828-1997 (E) trc vt c cc dng sau:
Dng A (ZA)
Trc vt Archimde
Dng C (ZT)
Trc vt c bin dng lm trong mt phng dc trc
Dng I (ZI)
Trc vt thn khai
Dng N (ZN)
Trc vt Convolute
Dng K (ZK)
Trc vt c bin dng li trong mt phng dc trc
Bc 2: La chn vt liu cho bnh vt v trc vt
_____________________________________________________________________________________
52

Nhp cc thng s truyn ng: Chn cng sut, t s truyn, s vng quay
Chn cc iu kin ti trng, kiu lp ghp
+ Kt qu tnh ton kch thc c bn ca b truyn (trch)
_____________________________________________________________________________________
53
Kim tra cc h s an ton ca kh nng chng mn, trc r, bn nhit...
_____________________________________________________________________________________
54
5 Quy trnh la chn trc v cc chi tit trn trc
Hnh 11 Phn loi trc v cc chi tit trn trc

Trc l chi tit my cc chi tit quay, truyn moment xon hoc thc hin c hai
nhim v trn. Tnh ton thit k trc l ta tm cc thng s hnh hc ca trc nh chiu di,
ng knh tha mn iu kin bn un hoc bn xon hoc c hai. Kch thc ng knh cc
on trc v u trc c tiu chuN n.
Hnh 12 Quy trnh la chn trc

_____________________________________________________________________________________
55
Bc 1: Chn vt liu ch to trc

Vt liu s quyt nh gii hn bn ca trc, v vy, ty vo ti trng tc dng m ta chn
vt liu thch hp, cc vt liu thng dng theo bng sau.
Bng 5 C tnh mt s vt liu ch to trc
Tn vt liu
Khi
lng
ring
kg/m3
Thp xy dng
7850
Thp ha bn v thp hp 7850
kim
Thp thm Cacbon
7850
Gang xm
7200
Hp kim nh
2800
Ko
MPa
210000
210000
Xon
MPa
80000
80000
bn
ko
(Rm)min
MPa
350
500
210000
188000
73000
80000
78300
27400
700
100
100
Mun n hi
bn
ko
(Rm)max
MPa
700
1400
1200
350
450
Bc 2: Chn kch thc ng knh, chiu di trc:

Ty vo kt cu ca my m ta s nh chiu di v ng knh trc thch hp. Thng
thng ta s chn ng knh trc theo ng knh tiu chuN n ca l chi tit lp vi trc (chi tit
quay, chi tit ,...)
Bc 3: Tnh ton kim nghim trc
Trong bc ny, ta s xc nh ti trng tc dng ln trc, tnh ton ng sut v so snh
vi ng sut cho php ca vt liu c chn. Trc s chu hai ti trng l un v xon.
QUY TRNH LA CHN TRC TRN PHN MM MITCALC 1.5:
+ Chn chc nng tnh ton thit k trc:
_____________________________________________________________________________________
56
+ Giao din ca phn tnh ton thit k trc:
_____________________________________________________________________________________
57
Bc 1: La chn vt liu ch to trc
Bc 2: La chn kch thc ng knh, chiu di trc
_____________________________________________________________________________________
58
Bc 3: Tnh ton kim nghim:

Nhp cc thng s truyn ng: Chn cng sut, t s truyn, tc
Nhp kiu ti trng
+ Nhp gi tr ti trng tc dng ln trc:
+ Kt qu tnh ton
_____________________________________________________________________________________
59
6 Quy trnh la chn trc

A. Quy trnh la chn trt
trt l 1 loi trc, dng cc trc quay. N l khu lin kt gia trc v gi ,
nhm mc ch gim ma st. trt nhn ti trng t trc, truyn n gi
Vic la chn trt s ph thuc vo kch thc l trn v hp, ng knh trc lp vi
, chiu dy v hp v yu cu v ng lc hc (vn tc, ma st,)
Cc thng s tiu chuN n ca trt gm c: Loi , ng knh
_____________________________________________________________________________________
60
Hnh 13 Quy trnh la chn trt

Bc 1: La chn hnh dng trt
Ty theo iu kin k thut m ta chn hnh dng trt sao cho thch hp.
Hnh 14 Phn loi trt

_____________________________________________________________________________________
61
Bc 2: La chn vt liu trt

Vt liu trt l quan trng, v n gp phn vo tui th lm vic ca trt. Trong
qu trnh lm vic, trt chu nh hng ln ca lc ma st gia lt v trc, gia vng ngoi
v l trn v hp. Nu ta la chn cc vt liu mm th rt nguy him cho mi ghp, khi ,
khe h s xut hin rt nhanh, ko theo cc dng hng ca cc chi tit lin quan. Tiu chuN n ISO
3547-4:2006 c quy nh tnh cht ca mt s vt liu lm trt. Ngi thit k c th tham
kho theo tiu chuN n ny tm loi vt liu ch to trt tha mn yu cu k thut.
Ta nhn thy rng trong tiu chuN n trn c ct hng dn cch chn vt liu cho trt
ty vo ng dng c th. Sau khi chn c vt liu thch hp, ta s la chn kch thc ca
trt.
Bc 3: La chn kch thc ca trt
Kch thc c bn ca trt bao gm ng knh ngoi, ng knh trong v chiu di
. Ty theo kch thc ca l trn v hp v ng knh trc m ta chn trt c kch thc
thch hp.
Sau khi xc nh c ng knh trt lp vi l trn v my theo iu kin bi trn
ma st t, ta s chn ng knh trong ca trt lp vi trc truyn ng.
Bc 4: Tnh ton kim nghim trt
Sau khi chn c trt, ta s tin hnh kim nghim bn mn then p sut p hoc tch
pv v so snh gi tr cho php [p] v [pv].
B. Quy trnh la chn ln

Vic la chn ln i khi kh khn v c rt nhiu ln hin c trn th trng nh
bi , bi chn, bi t la, a , a t la, a chn, cn,..
S la chn ln lp ghp ph thuc cc thng s sau: ti trng v tnh cht ca ti
trng, tc ca trc, bn ca v iu kin lm vic ca . Sau khi xem xt cc thng s
trn, nhng bi thch hp cho cc my nh chuyn ng vi vn tc cao trong khi a thch
hp cho cc my chu ti trng ln.
_____________________________________________________________________________________
62
ln thng c la chn sau khi hon thnh thit k trc, lc ny ta bit cc lc tc

dng ln (lc hng tm, lc dc trc). Chng ta s xem xt ln chu ti nh th no, t ta
mi quyt nh loi , chn, hay chn.
i vi ln, cc thng s c tiu chuN n gm c: Loi ln, ng knh vng trong
ln, k hiu ln
Hnh 15 Cc loi ln
Bc 1: La chn loi ln
Qu trnh la chn loi ln ph thuc vo dng ti trng trn trc, c th tham kho
bng sau:
_____________________________________________________________________________________
63
Bng 6 La chn ln theo dng ti trng

Loi
Bi chn
Bi rnh su
a
Kim
a cn
Bi t la
a cu t la
Bi tip xc gc
Hng ca ti trng
Hng
Dc
tm
trc
X
X
X
X
X
X
X
X
X
C
hai
X
X
X
X
X
T trng
Cao Trung
bnh
X
X
X
X
X
Thp
lch
Cao Trung
bnh
Thp
X
X
X
X
X
X
X
X
Hoc ngi thit k c th tham kho thm trn cc trang web ca cng ty chuyn v
ln (v d SKF).
Bc 2: Xc nh kch thc ca loi c chn
Trong qu trnh ny, ngi thit k c th s dng cc tiu chuN n ISO xc nh kch
thc ca c chn, V d: tiu chuN n ISO 104:2002 quy nh kch thc gii hn ca chn
Trong qu trnh la chn kch thc ln, ngi thit k phi xem xt mt s iu kin:
S ph hp ca hnh dng ca vi cc chi tit trong b phn lp ghp
B phn mang (gi )
Vng m kn ph hp
Loi v cht lng ca du bi trn.
Phng php lp ghp v tho ri.

Sau khi la chn c kch thc ca , ta tin hnh tnh ton kim nghim li cc thng
s ti trng lm vic ca . Sau ta em so snh vi thng s cho php, nu khng tha mn
iu kin bn, ta s phi la chn li kch thc ca .
_____________________________________________________________________________________
64
Theo tiu chuN n ISO 281-2007 th hin cc cng thc tnh ton kh nng ti trng ng
v lm vic, tiu chuN n ISO 76:2006 th hin cc cng thc tnh ton kh nng ti trng tnh cho
cc loi ln tiu chuN n.
Ta c th s dng bng sau xem xt tui th ln theo tng loi my
Bng 7 S gi lm vic ca ln ng vi tng loi my
Loi my thng dng
Tui th yu cu ca
ln (gi)
My in dng trong nh S dng gin on
300 - 3000
Dng c cm tay, thit b xy dng S dng thi gian ngn
3000 - 8000
My nng, cN u trc tin cy cao cho thi gian ngn
8000 - 12000
Bnh rng, ng c lm vic 8gi/ngy S dng tp trung
10000 - 25000
My cng c, qut lm vic 8gi/ngy S dng lin tc trong

20000 - 30000
ngy
S dng lin tc
40000 - 50000
Nu tui th ln khng tha mn iu kin kim nghim, ta tin hnh la chn li kch
thc ln, hoc la chn li loi .
QUY TRNH LA CHN LN TRN PHN MM MITCALC 1.5
+ Chn chc nng tnh ton thit k ln:
_____________________________________________________________________________________
65
+ Giao din ca phn tnh ton thit k ln:
Bc 1: La chn loi ln
_____________________________________________________________________________________
66
Bc 2: La chn kch thc ln

+ Nhp ti trng:
_____________________________________________________________________________________
67
+ Kt qu tnh ton
Cc thng s hin th mu chng t cc thng s ca cha tha mn yu cu. Lc

ny ta c th s dng phn mm t ng la chn ln cho ti trng yu cu.
7 Quy trnh la chn then v then hoa

Then l chi tit my c lp vi trc quay v chi tit quay (bnh rng, bnh ,). Then
c nhim v truyn chuyn ng quay t trc sang chi tit quay v ngc li.
_____________________________________________________________________________________
68
Ty vo hnh dng v kh nng lm vic, then c nhiu loi nh: then bng, then bn
nguyt, then nh hng, then vt,..
Hnh 16 Phn loi then

Cc kch thc tiu chuN n ca then gm c:
Then bng: b x h (Chiu rng x Chiu cao)
Trc then (then hoa) : Bc rng, ng knh trong, ng knh ngoi, b rng then.
Vic la chn then l quan trng bi v n nh hng n hiu sut lm vic ca cc chi
tit truyn ng. Ta c th thc hin vic la chn then theo cc bc sau y
_____________________________________________________________________________________
69
Hnh 17 Quy trnh la chn then

Bc 1: Chn loi then
Ty vo kt cu, iu kin lm vic ca then m ta chn loi then bng, then bn nguyt
hay then vt hoc trc then (then hoa). in hnh:
Then bng: Then bng c lp vi trc, trc khi lp vi may. May c th trt
trn b mt lp rp vi then. Then bng gm cc dng: then bng hai u cnh, then
bng hai u bo trn, then bng mt u cnh mt u bo trn.
Then bn nguyt: S dng trong trng hp chu ti trng nh, d lp ghp v tho
ri
Then vt: Then vt c lp sau khi lp trc vi l may. Phn thn ca then vt c
th di hn chiu di ca may.
_____________________________________________________________________________________
70
Trc then (then hoa): Then hoa l gm nhiu then c gia cng trn mt trc, bn
cnh trn chi tit quay cng c to rnh tng ng lp vi trc then. Then
hoa thng c s dng trong trng hp truyn moment xon ln, ng tm
cao. Then hoa c nhiu loi nh: then hoa rn tam gic, rng thn khai, rng ch
nht,
Bc 2: La chn kch thc then

Sau khi la chn c loi then, ta s s dng cc bng tiu chuN n la chn kch
thc
then
(http://thietkemay.com/modules.php?name=News_Monhoc&op=page_detail&sid=174&
newlang=vietnamese). Kch thc then tiu chuN n thng thng c la chn ty vo ng
knh trc.
Sau khi xc nh c cc kch thc ca then, ta tin hnh tnh ton ng sut sinh ra
kim nghim bn ct v dp ca then.
Khi kim tra nu then khng m bo an ton th c th tng chiu di l ca then ln
mt khong l = 1,5d v khng c ln hn chiu di may-. Nu l = 1,5d m then vn khng
m bo bn th dng 2 then t cch nhau 1 gc khong (90o-120o) nhng cch ny thng lm
cho trc b yu i. Trong trng hp ny nn dng trc then thay th.
Sau khi kim nghim, nu khng tha bn, ta tin hnh la chn li kch thc ca then
hoa.
QUY TRNH LA CHN THEN TRN PHN MM
+ Chn chc nng tnh ton thit k then:
_____________________________________________________________________________________
71
+ Giao din ca phn tnh ton thit k then:
_____________________________________________________________________________________
72
A. La chn then bng

Bc 1: Chn loi then
Bc 2: Chn vt liu then
Bc 3: Chn kch thc then

+ Nhp thng s:
_____________________________________________________________________________________
73
+ Kt qu tnh ton:
B. La chn then bn nguyt

Bc 1: Chn loi then
Bc 2: Chn vt liu then
_____________________________________________________________________________________
74
Bc 3: Chn kch thc then

+ Nhp thng s:
+ Kt qu tnh ton:
_____________________________________________________________________________________
75
C. La chn then hoa

Bc 1: Chn loi then
Then hoa rng ch nht:
Then hoa rng thn khai
_____________________________________________________________________________________
76
Bc 2: Chn kch thc trc then

Then hoa rng ch nht
Then hoa rng thn khai y trn

_____________________________________________________________________________________
77

+ Nhp thng s:
+ Kt qu tnh ton:
Then hoa rng ch nht
_____________________________________________________________________________________
78
Then hoa rng thn khai
Trong phn mm MITCalC 1.5 cn c phn so snh cc loi then c th s dng, t

ngi thit k s la chn ra loi ti u nht:
8. KT LUN
Trong phn ny gii thiu cc quy trnh tnh ton cc chi tit h thng truyn ng v tnh
ton la chn trn phn mm MITCalc 1.5 c Vit ha. Phn mm Vit ha ny cng hon
thin phc v vic ng dng trong tnh ton thit k cc chi tit my.
_____________________________________________________________________________________

QUY TRÌNH TÍNH TOÁN VÀ HƯỚNG DẪN SỬ DỤNG PHẦN MỀM LỰA CHỌN CHI

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1

QUY TRNH TNH TON V HNG DN S DNG PHN MM LA

Phn 1: S quy trnh v gii thch cc bc trong quy trnh

Phn 2: ng dng phn mm MITCalc thc hin cc bc thit k la chn

1 Quy trnh thit k la chn chi tit ghp

Hnh 1 Chi tit ghp tiu chun trong MITCalc

Hnh 2 Quy trnh la chn cc chi tit mi ghp bng ren

Vic la chn ai c c th l hnh dng ca n, ty vo iu kin lm vic, hnh dng

V c tnh, mi ghp t hiu qu, c tnh ca bulng v ai c phi tng ng

Ti trng cho php, MPa

Kt hp Bulng/ Vt/ vt cy v ai c bng thp

Nhm ai c khuyn dng

Ghi ch: C th s dng nhm ai c cao hn so vi nhm bulng

Giao din ca mun thit k mi ghp bulng:

Bc 1: La chn loi chi tit ghp

+ Mi ghp bulng khng c ai c : Vt cy

Bc 2: La chn vt liu (Cp bn) ca chi tit ghp

Bc 3: La chn kch thc ca chi tit ghp

Chn ng knh ren:

Bc 4:Tnh ton kim nghim iu kin bn

Bc 5, 6: La chn ai c v vng m cho mi ghp

1.2 Quy trnh la chn inh tn

Hnh dng inh tn

Hnh 3 Quy trnh la chn chi tit ghp bng inh tn

Hnh 4 Hnh dng inh tn

Hnh 5 Quy trnh la chn cht

+ Chn chc nng tnh ton thit k cht nh v:

+ Giao din ca phn tnh ton thit k cht:

Bc 2: Chn vt liu ca cht

Bc 3: Chn kch thc cht

Bc 4: Tnh ton kim nghim bn cho cht

+ Nhp thng s ti trng tc dng:

+ Kim tra kt qu tnh ton bn:

2 Quy trnh la chn b truyn ai

Hnh 6 Phn loi b truyn ai

ng knh dmin T s truyn umax

Hin nay, hu ht cc loi ai u c tiu chuN n ha nhng thng dng nht l ai

Hnh 7.Quy trnh la chn ai thang

Bc 2: Chn ng knh vng chia bnh ai v chiu di dy ai

+ Giao din ca phn tnh ton thit k ai thang:

+ Nhp thng s truyn ng:

Bc 2: Chn ng knh vng chia bnh ai v chiu di dy ai:

Bc 3: Tnh ton kim nghim b truyn ai thang

2.2 Quy trnh la chn ai rng

Hnh 8 Quy trnh la chn ai rng

Bc 2: Chn chiu rng dy ai, s rng ca bnh ai v dy ai

+ Giao din ca phn tnh ton thit k ai rng:

Bc 2: Chn b rng dy ai, s rng ca bnh ai v dy ai

+ Chn s rng ca bnh ai (ng knh bnh ai)

+ Chn s rng ca dy ai (chiu di dy ai)

Bc 3: Tnh ton kim nghim b truyn ai rng

3 Quy trnh la chn b truyn xch

Vn tc xch > 10 15 m/s?

S dng xch rng

Hnh 9 Phng n la chn loi xch

Hnh 10 Quy trnh la chn xch ng con ln

Bc 1: La chn loi xch ng con ln tiu chu#n

Bc 3: Tnh ton kim nghim

+ Kt qu tnh ton: Phn t l cha t yu cu

4 Quy trnh la chn bnh rng v trc vt

Rng n gin nht s cho

Truyn ng trc song

Truyn ng cc trc xin.