ERNEST RICHARD HUGHES, born in London, 5th January 1883 !

A, "#on
!i$$ionary in th% int%rior o& China, 1'11()' In Shan*hai, 1')' + 31 R%ad%r in
Chin%$% R%,i*ion and -hi,o$o.hy in "#&ord Uni/%r$ity, 1'30(011 $%2ond%d to
Chun*3in*, 1'0) 4oo3$ in2,ud% The invasion of China by the Western World,
1'35
CHINESE -HIL"S"-H6 IN
CLASSICAL TI!ES
Edited and Translated by
E A HUGHES
L"ND"N7 J ! DENT & S"NS LTD
NE8 6"R97 E - DUTT"N & CO. INC
:ir$t .ub,i$h%d 1'0)
La$t r%.rint%d 1'00
Chapter 1. Excursions into Freedom.
In th% North%rn "2%an th%r% i$ a &i$h, it$ na;% th% 9un <L%/iathan=, it$ $i>% I 3no? not
ho? ;any li. 1 4y ;%ta;or.ho$i$ it b%2o;%$ a bird 2a,,%d th% -@%n* <ARo2@=, ?ith a ba23 I
3no? not ho? ;any li in %#t%nt 8h%n it rou$%$ it$%,& and&,i%$, it$ ?in*$ dar3%n th% $3y
,i3% 2,oud$ 8ith th% $%a in ;otion thi$ bird tran$.ort$ it$%,& to th% South%rn "2%an, th%
La3% o& H%a/%n In th% ?ord$ o& Ch@i H$i%h, a r%2ord%r o& ;ar/%,$, A8h%n th% -@%n*
tran$.ort$ it$%,& to th% South%rn "2%an, it thra$h%$ th% ?at%r &or thr%% thou$and li, and
;ount$ in a ?hir,?ind to th% h%i*ht o& nin%ty thou$and li, and &,i%$ 2ontinuou$,y &or $i#
;onth$ b%&or% it 2o;%$ to r%$t@
A ;ot% in a $unb%a; Bthat in on% $%n$% i$ a,, that thi$
1 i ! th% Chin%$% ;i,%, rou*h,y a third o& th% En*,i$h ;i,% 1C5
1CC TA" ED-ERTS
/a$t Ro2 i$E7 &,yin* du$t ?hi2h ,i/in* 2r%atur%$ br%ath%( in and outF And that b,u%n%$$ o&
th% $3yF I$ it an a2tua, 2o,our, or i$ it th% ;%a$ur%,%$$ d%.th o& th% h%a/%n$ ?hi2h ?% *a>%
at &ro; b%,o? and $%% a$ Ab,u%,@ Gu$t ,i3% that and nothin* ;or%H A*ain ta3% ?at%r, ?ithout
th% d%n$% a22u;u,ation o& ?hi2h th%r% i$ no .o?%r &or th% &,oatin* o& a *r%at $hi. And
Bthin3 o&E a 2u. o& ?at%r u.$%t in a 2orn%r o& th% ha,, A tiny ;u$tard $%%d b%2o;%$ a $hi.
Ba&,oatE, but th% 2u. ?hi2h h%,d th% ?at%r ?i,, r%;ain a*round b%2au$% o& th% $ha,,o?n%$$
o& th% ?at%r and th% $i>% o& th% 2u. a$ a $hi.
So ?ith th% a22u;u,ation o& ?ind, ?ithout $u&&i2i%nt d%n$ity 1 it ha$ no .o?%r to &,oat
hu*% ?in*$ Thu$ it i$ that th% -@%n* ha$ to ri$% nin%ty thou$and li and 2ut o&& th% ?ind
b%n%ath i& Th%n and not b%&or%, th% bird, born% u. by th% do?n(.r%$$%d ?ind, &,oat$ in th%
a>ur% h%a/%n$ ?ith $%2ur% $u..ort Th%n and not b%&or%, it 2an $tart on it$ Gourn%y $outh
A 2i2ada and a youn* do/% *i**,%d to*%th%r o/%r th% -@%n* Th% 2i2ada $aid, A8h%n ?%
%#%rt our$%,/%$ to &,y u. on to th% ta,, %,;$, ?% $o;%ti;%$ &ai, to *%t th%r% and ar% .u,,%d
ba23 to th% *round1 and that i$ that 8hy th%n $hou,d any on% ;ount u. nin%ty thou$and li
in ord%r to *o $outhH@ 8%,,, th% ;an ?ho *o%$ out to th% *ra$$y 2ountry n%ar by ta3%$ on,y
thr%% ;%a,$ ?ith hi; and 2o;%$ ba23 ?ith hi$ $to;a2h ?%,, &i,,%d 4ut th% ;an ?ho ha$ to
tra/%, a hundr%d li *rind$ &,our &or on% ni*ht on th% ?ay1 and th% ;an ?ho ha$ to tra/%, a
thou$and li r%Iuir%$ &ood &or thr%% ;onth$ Th%$% t?o ,itt,% 2r%atur%$ Bth% 2i2ada and th%
do/%E, ?hat 2an th%y 3no?H
S;a,, 3no?,%d*% i$ not %Iua, to *r%at 3no?,%d*%, Gu$t a$ a $hort ,i&% i$ not %Iua, to a
,on* on% Ho? do ?% 3no? thi$ to b% $oH Th% ;u$hroo; ?ith on% bri%& ;ornin*@$
%#i$t%n2% ha$ no 3no?,%d*% o& th% duration o& a ;onth Th% 2hry$a,i$ 3no?$ nothin* o& th%
$.rin* and th% autu;n Thi$ i$ du% to th%ir $hort ,i&% In th% $outh o& Ch@u Stat%
1 AD%n$ity@ $%%;$ th% on,y ?ord to r%.r%$%nt th% Chin%$% Thi$ i$ an ad;irab,% %#a;.,% o& th% r%a,i$ti2 ?ay in ?hi2h a r%a,,y
*r%at .o%t@$ i;a*ination ?or3$
CHUANG CH"U 1C5
th%r% i$ a !in*(,in* tr%% ?ho$% $.rin*$ and autu;n$ ;a3% &i/% hundr%d y%ar$ In th%
o,d day$ th%r% ?a$ a Ta(2h@un tr%% ?ho$% $.rin*$ and autu;n$ ;ad% %i*ht thou$and
y%ar$ Ri*ht do?n to th% .r%$%nt Grand&ath%r -@%n* 1 i$ &a;%d &or hi$ i;;%n$% a*% +
a,thou*h i& a,, ;an ;at2h%d hi;, ho? ?r%t2h%d th%y ?ou,d b%F
A /ariant /%r$ion o& th% $tory o& th% L%/iathan and th% Ro2 i$ h%r% *i/%n, ?indin* u.
?ith a Iuai, ,au*hin* at th% -@%n* and d%$2ribin* it$ &,i*ht a;on* th% bu$h%$ a$ Ath%
.%r&%2tion o& &,i*ht@ Chuan* Chou $ay$ that thi$ i$ du% to th% di&&%r%n2% b%t?%%n $;a,,
and *r%at H% th%n 2ontinu%$7
Thu$ it i$ that th% 3no?,%d*% o& $o;% ;%n Iua,i&i%$ th%; &or a $;a,, o&&i2% and &or
%&&%2tin* unity in on% di$tri2t, ?hi,$t th% ;ora, .o?%r o& anoth%r ;an &it$ hi; to b% a
ru,%r and .ro/%$ it$%,& throu*hout a ?ho,% 2ountry Th%$% ;%n ha/% a /i%? o&
th%;$%,/%$ ?hi2h i$ ,i3% th% Iuai,@$ /i%? o& hi;$%,&
"n th% oth%r hand, !a$t%r 6un* o& Sun* Stat% Gu$t ,au*h$ at th%$% ;%n I& th% ?ho,%
?or,d $hou,d ad;ir% or 2riti2i>% hi;, h% ?ou,d n%ith%r b% %n2oura*%d nor di$2oura*%d
Ha/in* d%t%r;in%d th% di&&%r%n2% b%t?%%n ?hat i$ intrin$i2 and ?hat %#trin$i2, h%
di$.ut%d th% a22%.t%d boundari%$ o& honour and di$honour In thi$ h% ?a$ hi;$%,&, and
th%r% ar% /%ry &%? $u2h ;%n in th% ?or,d N%/%rth%,%$$ h% ?a$ not r%a,,y root%d
Ta3% !a$t%r Li%h H% 2ou,d dri/% th% ?ind a$ a t%a; and *o, born% a,o&t, a?ay &or
&i&t%%n day$ b%&or% r%turnin* Su2h a ;an attain$ a ha..in%$$ ?hi2h &%? .o$$%$$ 6%t in
thi$, a,thou*h h% had no n%%d to ?a,3, th%r% ?a$ $ti,, $o;%thin* on ?hi2h h%(?a$
d%.%nd%nt </i> th% ?ind=Su.(.o$in*, ho?%/%r, that h% ?%r% born% on th% nor;a,ity
o& th% h%a/%n$ and %arth, dri/in* a t%a; o& th% $i# %,%;%nt$ in th%ir 2han*%$, and thu$
?and%r%d &r%%,y in in&inity(%t%rnity, ?ou,d th%r% b% anythin* th%n on ?hi2h h% ?a$
d%.%nd%ntH
Thu$ it i$ that I $ay, ATh% .%r&%2t ;an ha$ no $%,&, th% $.irit(%ndo?%d ;an no
a2hi%/%;%nt$, th% $a*% no r%.utation@
1 Th% !%thu$%,ah o& Chin%$% tradition
1C8 TA" ED-ERTS
BTh% E;.tin%$$ o& :a;%E
Ta3% th% Sa*%(3in* 6ao, ?ho ?i$h%d to abdi2at% hi$ thron% in &a/our o& th% r%2,u$% H$u
6u 6ao $aid, A8h%n th% $un or th% ;oon i$ $hinin*, i& you $hou,d 3%%. a tor2h a,i*ht, it
$ur%,y ?ou,d b% di&&i2u,t &or it to *i/% ,i*ht 8h%n th% $%a$ona, rain i$ &a,,in*, i& you $hou,d
3%%. on ?at%rin* th% *round, that ?ou,d $ur%,y b% ?a$t% o& ,abour Do you, ;y T%a2h%r,
%$tab,i$h your$%,& on th% thron% and th% Gr%at So2i%ty ?i,, b% ord%r%d I a; but a d%ad
body I $%% ;y$%,& a$ in2o;.%t%nt -ray th%n, r%a2h out &or th% Gr%at So2i%ty@
H$u 6u r%.,i%d, A6ou, Sir%, in ord%rin* th% Gr%at So2i%ty ha/% brou*ht it to .%r&%2t
ord%r I& I $hou,d no? ta3% your .,a2%, it $ur%,y ?ou,d b% on,y &or &a;% 4ut &a;% i$ on,y
th% tran$i%nt .art o& th% a2tua, A; I to a2t &or a tran$i%nt %ndH Th% tit bui,d$ it$ n%$t in th%
d%%. &or%$t, but that n%$t ta3%$ u. no ;or% roo; than a t?i* Th% ta.ir drin3$ &ro; a *r%at
ri/%r, but it on,y &i,,$ it$ b%,,y R%turn and ta3% your 3in*$hi. %a$i,y :or ;y .art th%r% i$ no
?ay by ?hi2h I 2an b% o& u$% to th% Gr%at So2i%ty I& a 2oo3 2annot 2o.% ?ith hi$ 3it2h%n
JBand .r%.ar% th% $a2ri&i2ia, ;%at$E, th% i;.%r$onator o& th% d%ad or th% ,itur*i$t in th% ha,,
do%$ not $%i>% th% 2u.$ and $tand and ta3% th% 2oo3@$ .,a2%@
BTh% S.iritua, !an and th% Inabi,ity o& th% Non($.iritua,
to und%r$tand hi;E
Chi%n 8u <an inIuir%r about th% Taoi$t 8ay= inIuir%d
&ro; Li%n Shu, $ayin*, AI h%ard Chi%h 6u $ay $o;%thin*
?hi2h ?%nt too &ar and i$ not r%a,,y tru% It 2arri%d on%
out, but did not brin* on% ba23, $o it$ ,i3%n%$$ to th% bound(
,%$$ !i,3y 8ay &ri*ht%n%d ;% It ?a$ *ro$$,y d%2%.ti/%,
r%;o/%d &ro; hu;an %#.%ri%n2% H% $aid that a
$.irit ;an ,i/%d on th% !iao(3u($h% ;ountain Hi$ &,%$h
and $3in ?%r% ,i3% i2% and $no?7 hi$ d%,i2at% *ra2% ,i3% a
*ir,@$ Hi$ &ood ?a$ not that o& ordinary ;%n, &or h%
br%ath%d in th% ?ind and dran3 th% d%? H% ;ount%d th%
CHUANG CH"U 1C'
2,oud$ in th% air and dro/% a t%a; o& &,yin* dra*on$, ?and%rin* out b%yond th% :our S%a$
Hi$ $.irit ?a$ 2on*%a,%d 6%t h% d%,i/%r%d ,i/in* thin*$ &ro; 2orru.tion and %/%ry y%ar
;ad% th% 2ro.$ ri.%n :or ;% thi$ ?a$ a ?i,d ta,%, and I did not b%,i%/% hi;@
ASo,@ $aid Li%n Shu, Ath% b,ind ;an ha$ no 2on2%.tion o& th% b%auty o& art, nor th% d%a&
;an o& th% ;u$i2 o& th% b%,,$ and dru;$ 4,indn%$$ and d%a&n%$$ ar% by no ;%an$ 2on&in%d
to ;at%ria, thin*$ Th%$% d%&%2t$ a,$o %#i$t in r%,ation to thin*$ o& th% ;ind .it to
3no?,%d*%=, and th%$% ?ord$ o& your$ ;a3% it a..%ar that you ar% d%&%2ti/% in thi$ ?ay
Th% /irtu% in that $.irit ;an i$ $u2h that a,, thin*$ ar% o& ,itt,% ?orth to hi;7 th%y ar% a,, on%
to hi; Th% ?or,d ;ay b% an#iou$ to b% *o/%rn%d7 but ?hy $hou,d h% both%r hi;$%,& about
$o2i%tyH That ;an, nothin* 2an inGur% hi; I& th%r% ?%r% a &,ood r%a2hin* to th% $3y, h%
?ou,d not b% dro?n%d I& th%r% ?%r% a *r%at drou*ht and th% ;%ta,$ and $ton%$ b%2a;%
,iIuid and th% $oi, o& th% ;ountain$ ?%r% burnt u., h% ?ou,d not b% hot 8hy, th% /%ry
r%&u$% o& hi$ body ?ou,d $%r/% to ;anu&a2tur% a *r%at $a*%(%;.%ror
BHo? Gr%at%r 9no?,%d*% 2han*%$ a !an@$ S%n$% o& Ka,u%$E
A ;an o& Sun* Stat% too3 $o;% $a2ri&i2ia, 2a.$ to th% Stat% o& 6u%h 1 to $%,, 4ut th%
.%o.,% o& 6u%h ?or% th%ir hair $hort and adorn%d th%ir bodi%$ <H ?h%n th%y $a2ri&i2%d=, $o
that th%y had no u$% &or th% 2a.$ In th% $a;% ?ay th% Sa*%(3in* 6ao, ?ho ru,%d th%
.%o.,%$ o& th% Gr%at So2i%ty and ?ho had brou*ht .%a2% to a,, ?ithin th% :our S%a$, ?%nt
to $%% th% :our !a$t%r$ o& !iao(3u($h% ;ountain "n hi$ r%turn to hi$ 2a.ita,, hi$ Gr%at
So2i%ty no ,on*%r %#i$t%d &or hi;
BTh% $o.hi$tE !a$t%r Hui ) in 2on/%r$ation ?ith !a$t%r Chun* $aid, ATh% 9in* o& 8%i
$%nt ;% th% $%%d o& a *r%at *ourd I .,ant%d it and th% r%$u,t ?a$ a *ourd a$ bi* a$ * &i/%(
bu$h%, ;%a$ur% 8h%n I u$%d it &or ho,din* ?at%r, it
1 6u%h ?a$ a 2ountry on th% bord%r$ o& Chin%$% 2i/i,i>ation, ) Thi$ i$ Hui Shih, ?ho i$ d%a,t ?ith in -art
:our, Cha.t%r ID,
15L TA" ED-ERTS
?a$ not ri*id %nou*h to b%ar ,i&tin* I& I had 2ut it u. to
;a3% ,ad,%$, th%y ?ou,d ha/% b%%n too $ha,,o? &or th%
.ur.o$% Th%r% ?a$ ind%%d no .ur.o$% &or ?hi2h it ?a$
not too bi*, $o I bro3% it to .i%2%$ a$ u$%,%$$@
!a$t%r Chuan* $aid, ASir, you ?%r% $tu.id o/%r th% u$%
o& bi* thin*$ :or %#a;.,%, th%r% ?a$ a ;an o& Sun*
Stat% ?ho .o$$%$$%d a $a,/% ?hi2h h%a,%d 2ha..%d hand$
Hi$ &a;i,y, on% *%n%ration a&t%r anoth%r, had b%%n ?a$h%r$
o& $i,3 A $tran*%r ?ho had h%ard o& thi$ $a,/% o/%r%d hi;
a hundr%d oun2%$ o& *o,d &or it Th% 2,an, ?h%n 2a,,%d
to*%th%r to 2on$id%r tn% ;att%r, $aid, M8% ha/% b%%n ?a$h(
in* $i,3 &or *%n%ration$ and ha/% on,y ;ad% a &%? oun2%$
o& *o,d No? in on% ;ornin* ?% 2an ;a3% a hundr%d
oun2%$ L%t u$ $%,, th% $a,/%N Th% $tran*%r, ha/in*
obtain%d th% $a,/%, ?%nt and to,d th% 9in* o& 8u, ?ho ?a$
ha/in* troub,% ?ith 6u%h Stat% and had ;ad% th% un(
3no?n ;an 2o;;and%r o& hi$ $hi.$ H% %n*a*%d th% ;%n
o& 6u%h in ?int%r ti;% <?h%n hand$ *%t 2ha..%d=, and in
th% batt,% on th% ?at%r h% d%&%at%d th% 6u%h &or2%$ J:or
thi$ h% ?a$ r%?ard%d ?ith ,and and ;ad% a nob,% Th%
( abi,ity to h%a, 2ha..%d hand$ ?a$ in both 2a$%$ th% $a;%,
but in th% on% 2a$% it ;%ant a tit,% o& nobi,ity, in th% oth%r
it ;%ant b%in* ti%d do?n to ?a$hin* $i,3 Th% di&&%r%n2%
,ay in th% ?ay o& u$in* th% $a,/% No?, !a$t%r Hui, you
.o$$%$$%d a *ourd a$ bi* a$ a &i/%(bu$h%, ;%a$ur% 8hy
th%n did you not 2on$id%r it a$ a hu*% 2u. in ?hi2h you
2ou,d &,oat on th% ri/%r$ and ,a3%$H in$t%ad o& ?hi2h you
?%r% di$tr%$$%d that it ?a$ too $ha,,o? to b% a ,ad,% Th%
2on2,u$ion, $ir, i$ that it ,oo3$ a$ i& you had a du,, ;ind,
do%$n@t itH@
!a$t%r Hui $aid, AI ha/% a hu*% tr%% It$ *r%at
trun3 i$ $o 3nobby and it$ $;a,, bran2h%$ $o t?i$t%d that
you 2annot .ut th% ;%a$urin* too,$ $Iuar% on th%; It
$tand$ by th% .ub,i2 road, but no 2ar.%nt%r 2a$t$ a *,an2%
at it No?, !a$t%r Chuan*1 your ?ord$ ar% bi* but o&
no u$% E/%ry on% a*r%%$ in r%G%2tin* th%;@
!a$t%r Chuan* $aid, AHa/% you n%/%r $%%n a ?i,d 2at, it$
body 2rou2hin* ,o? a$ it ?ait$ &or it$ .r%yH It $.rin*$ &ro;
CHUANG CH"U 151
thi$ $id% to that, no? hi*h, no? ,o? + %nd it *%t$ 2au*ht in a tra. and di%$ in a n%tF Th%r% i$ th% ya3, $o bi* that it
,oo;$ o/%r on% ,i3% a 2,oud in th% $3y That i$ b%in* r%a,,y bi*1 and y%t it i$ no u$% &or 2at2hin* ;i2% No?, $ir, you
ha/% a hu*% tr%% and you ar% di$tr%$$%d b%2au$% it i$ o& no u$% 8hy do you not .,ant it in th% /i,,a*% o& non(%#i$(
t%n2%, in th% o.%n 2ountry o& nothin*n%$$ 4%$id% it you 2ou,d ?and%r in ina2tion1 and b%n%ath it you 2ou,d b%
&r%% to $,%%. No a#% ?ou,d 2ut it do?n, nothin* ?ou,d inGur% it, &or th%r% ?ou,d b% no .ur.o$% &or ?hi2h it ;i*ht b%
u$%d 8ou,d you not b% &r%% &ro; troub,% th%nH@
Chapter ". The #$nner% &armony of #Opposin'% Thin's. 1
T>u Ch@i, a ;an &ro; Nan 9uo, ,%ant a*ain$t a ,o? tab,% a$ h% $at on th% *round H%
,oo3%d u. to h%a/%n, and hi$ br%ath di%d do?n 8ithout a $ound h% $%%;%d to ,o$% hi$
.artn%r$hi. Bo& $ou, and bodyE 6%n Ch@%n* T>u 6u, ?ho ?a$ $tandin* b%&or% hi; in
att%ndan2%, $aid, AHo? i$ thi$, that you 2an ;a3% your body ,i3% a $a.,%$$ tr%% and your
;ind ,i3% d%ad a$h%$H At thi$ ;o;%nt th% .%r$on ,%anin* a*ain$t th% tab,% i$ not th% .%r$on
?ho ?a$ ,%anin* a*ain$t it b%&or%@
T>u Ch@i $aid, A6%n, thi$ i$ a *ood Iu%$tion you ar% a$3in* At th% ;o;%nt, you ;u$t
und%r$tand, ;y $%,& ?a$ *on% 2,%an a?ay 6ou ha/% ,i$t%n%d to th% ;u$i2 ?hi2h ;an
;a3%$, but you ha/% not ,i$t%n%d to th% ;u$i2 o& th% %arth1 or you ;ay ha/% ,i$t%n%d to th%
;u$i2 o& th% %arth, but you ha/% not ,i$t%n%d to th% ;u$i2 o& H%a/%n@
T>u 6u $aid, A!ay I a$3 you &or an %#.,anation o& thi$H@
T>u Ch@i $aid, ATh% *r%at ;a$$ o& br%ath Bin th% at;o$.h%r%E i$,2a,,%d th% ?ind Th%r%
ar% ti;%$ ?h%n th% ?ind do%$ not ;o/% 8h%n it do%$ ;o/%, a ;yriad a.%rtur%$ ar%
arou$%d to ;a3% $ound$ Ha/% you n%/%r ,i$t%n%d to th% liao liao o& th% ?indH 6ou 3no?
th% 2a/iti%$ and ho,%$ in th% ru**%d h%i*ht$ o& th% ;ountain$ and th% ?ood$ + ?ith tr%%$ a
hundr%d $.an$ in *irth Th%r% ar%, a$ it ?%r%,
1 AThin*$@ in thi$ 2ha.t%r, a$ o&t%n %,$%?h%r%, in2,ud%$ not on,y thin*$ in Natur%, but a,$o in$titution$ and id%a$ o& %/%ry 3ind
15) TA" ED-ERTS
no$%$ and ;outh$ and %ar$, $Iuar% $o23%t$ and round d%.r%$$ion$, ;ortar$ and dit2h%$ and
.oo,$ So th%r% i$ a roarin* and a $norin*, a ?hi$t,in* and a $i>>,in*, a ho?,in* and a
yo?,in* Th% ?ind di%$ do?n and th%r% i$ a tiny ;%,ody7 it 2o;%$ at &u,, b,a$t and th%r% i$
a *r%at dia.a$on Th%r% i$ a ,u,, and %/%ry ho,% i$ d%/oid o& $ound@
T>u 6u $aid, ASin2% th% ;u$i2 o& th% %arth i$ Gu$t a ;att%r o& a,, 3ind$ o& ho,%$, and
hu;an ;u$i2 a ;att%r o& .i.%$, ;ay I a$3 ?hat th% ;u$i2 o& H%a/%n i$H@
T>u Ch@i $aid, AA,, thi$ b,o?in* /ari%$ in a ;yriad ?ay$ 8ho th%n 2an th%r% b% ?ho
%#2it%$ a,, thi$ and ;a3%$ %a2h ?ay b% it$%,& and a,, o& th%; b% $%,&(.rodu2%dH@
BSu.r%;% 9no?,%d*% and -artia, 9no?,%d*%, and th%
Condition$ und%r ?hi2h th%y ari$%E
Gr%at 3no?,%d*% in2,ud%$ %/%rythin*7 $;a,, 3no?,%d*% i$ r%$tri2t%d Gr%at $.%%2h ha$
no .un*%n2y to it7 $;a,, $.%%2h B;ay b% .un*%nt butE it i$ Gu$t 2hatt%r
8h%th%r ;%n ar% a$,%%. and $ou, ha$ 2o;;union ?ith $ou,, or ?h%th%r th%y ar% a?a3%
and th% body i$ &r%%d and it$ 2onta2t$ ar% th% ba$i$ o& int%r2our$%, th% ;ind i$ day by day
%n*a*%d in $tru**,% Th%r% ar% ind%2i$ion$, *ri%&J, r%$%r/ation$, $;a,, &%ar$ *i/in* ri$% to
.%rturbation, *r%at &%ar$ *i/in* ri$% to r%23,%$$n%$$
Con$id%r th% ;ind In $o;% ;%n it $hoot$ &orth ,i3% a bo,t &ro; a 2ro$$(bo?, a$$u;in*
;a$t%ry o& ri*ht and ?ron* In oth%r$ it ho,d$ ba23, ;%r%,y *uardin* Bth% o.inion$E th%y
ha/% ?on In oth%r$ it d%2ay$ ,i3% th% d%2,in% o& th% y%ar, in oth%r ?ord$, day by day
2ru;b,in* a?ay to nothin* In oth%r$ it i$ $un3 in 2r%atur%,y a2ti/ity &ro; ?hi2h it 2annot
b% dra?n ba23 In oth%r$ it i$ $%a,%d ?ith hat%$, in oth%r ?ord$ ,i3% an o,d drain B2ho3%d
?ith ;u23E Thu$ th% ;ind ha$ on% &oot in th% *ra/%, and th%r% i$ no ?ay o& r%/i/in* it <,it
brin*in* it ba23 to th% ,i*ht o& th% $un=
BCon$id%r th% %;otion$E Joy and an*%r, $orro? and d%,i*ht, an#i%ty and r%*r%t, th% &ir%
o& $%# .a$$ion 1 and th%
1 E;%ndin* th% 2hara2t%r pien to luan.
CHUANG CH"U 153
B$ub$%Iu%ntE &%%,in* o& 2ont%nt;%nt7 %/an%$2%nt ;ood$, ,i3% th% ;u$i2 2o;in* &ro;
%;.tin%$$, ,i3% ;u$hroo;$ 2o;in* &ro; da;. h%at Day and ni*ht a,t%rnat% b%&or%
our %y%$, and th%r% i$ no 3no?in* ?hat th%y ;ay brin* &orth BAn %;otionE *on%, i$
*on%, and to(;orro? 2an by no ;%an$ 1 r%.rodu2% it
8hat i$ th% 2au$% o& th% %;otion$H It i$ n%ar to th% truth to $ay that ?ithout th%;
th%r% i$ no AI,@ and ?ithout an AI@ th%y ha/% nothin* to ta3% ho,d o& 4ut ?% ar%
i*norant a$ to ?hat ;a3%$ thi$ $o Th%r% ;u$t b% a Tru% Lord, but ?% ar% ,%a$t ab,%
to di$2o/%r tra2%$ o& Hi$ %#i$t%n2% 8% ;ay a2t in th% b%,i%& that H% %#i$t$, but ?%
2annot $%% Hi$ &or;, &or th% R%a,ity that %#i$t$ ha$ no &or;
BCon$id%r th% body and it$ .art$,E it$ nin% a.%rtur%$ and $i# int%rna, or*an$, a,, in
th%ir .,a2%$ 8hi2h o& th%; $ha,, ?% ,i3% b%$tH "r ar% ?% to b% .,%a$%d ?ith th%; a,,
a,i3%H BA$ a ;att%r o& &a2tE %a2h ha$ it$ .%r$ona, &un2tion, and thu$ a,, ar% in th%
.o$ition o& $%r/ant$7 i$ that not $oH A$ $%r/ant$ th%y ha/% not th% .o?%r to 2ontro,
%a2h oth%r7 i$ that not $oH Th%n 2an th%y ta3% turn and turn about in b%in* ;a$t%r and
$%r/antH BA$ a ;att%r o& &a2tE th%y ha/% a tru% ru,%r in hi$ .,a2% </i> th% AI@=1 and
?h%th%r th%y try or not to &ind out hi$ r%a,ity do%$ not add to or $ubtra2t &ro; th%
truth about hi;
"n2% thi$ AI@ ha$ r%2%i/%d it$ 2o;.,%t% &or; and $o ,on* a$ it a?ait$ th%
2o;.,%tion o& it$ $.an, it 2annot b% non%#i$t%nt 4ut a$ it rub$ and &i*ht$ a*ain$t th%
;at%ria, ?or,d it i$ ;o/in* to?ard$ thi$ 2o;.,%tion ?ith th% $.%%d o& a *a,,o.in*
hor$%1 and nothin* 2an $to. thi$ A,a$, a,a$, to b% throu*hout on%@$ ,i&% di$.at2h%d on
$%r/i2%, but to $%% no a2hi%/%;%nt 2o;in* &ro; itF To b% ?%ari%d ?ith on%@$ $%r/i2%
and not to 3no? ?hat i$ it$ &ina, obG%2tF Sur%,y ?% ar% ri*ht in ,a;%ntin* thi$ And
nothin* i$ *ain%d by ;%n a&&ir;in* that th%r% i$ no .hy$i2a, d%ath Th% body
d%2o;.o$%$, and th% ;ind d%2o;.o$%$ ?ith it And $ur%,y ?% ar% ri*ht in a,ar;in*
that thi$ i$ $u.r%;%,y
1 E;%ndin* mu to mo.
150 TA" ED-ERTS
,a;%ntab,% Thu$ ;anJ$ ,i&% i$ ,i3% a .a$$in* dr%a;, 1 i$ it notH Un,%$$ it b% that I a,on% a;
dr%a;in* and oth%r ;%n ar% not dr%a;in*
!%n &o,,o? th% di2tat%$ o& th%ir ;ad%(u. ;ind$, and th%r% i$ no on% ?ho do%$ not do
thi$ 4ut ho? 2an a priori 3no?,%d*% ta3% th% .,a2% o& th% ;ind 2hoo$in* &or it$%,&H Thi$
do%$ ha..%n, but it i$ th% i*norant ?ho a,,o? it to ha..%n To ;a3% th% di$tin2tion b%t?%%n
ri*ht and ?ron* a.art &ro; th% ;a3in* u. o& th% ;ind i$ %Iui/a,%nt to A*oin* to 6u%h to(
day and arri/in* th%r% in th% .a$t@ ) It a;ount$ to ;a3in* nothin* b% $o;%thin* 4ut i&
nothin* 2an b% $o;%thin*, %/%n a di/in% 6u 3 2ou,d not ha/% 3no?,%d*%, and th%r% ?ou,d
b% nothin* ?% 2ou,d do about it
Ta3% $.%%2h It i$ not Gu$t an %;i$$ion o& br%ath Th% ;an ?ho $.%a3$ ha$ $o;%thin* to
$ay, and ?hat h% ha$ to $ay i$ by no ;%an$ ab$o,ut%,y .r%d%t%r;in%d <i% a.art &ro; th%
$.%a3%r= Ar% ?% to in&%r that th% ?ord$ %#i$t B?aitin* to b% $aidE or that th%y do not %#i$t
unti, th%y ar% $aidH And thi$ i$ a Iu%$tion o& ?h%th%r ?% 2an .ro/% a di$tin2tion b%t?%%n
hu;an $.%%2h and th% 2hir.in* o& &,%d*%,in*$
Th% Iu%$tion ha$ to b% a$3%d7 ho? th% Tao b%2o;%$ ob$2ur%d $o that th%r% i$ th%
di$tin2tion o& tru% and &a,$% A,$o, ho? i$ $.%%2h ob$2ur%d $o that th%r% i$ th% di$tin2tion o&
ri*ht and ?ron*H Th% Tao 2annot *o a?ay B&or a ;o;%ntE and 2%a$% to b% h%r%1 n%ithNr 2an
?ord$ b% h%r% <i% ha/% b%%n $.o3%n= and b% i;.o$$ib,% Th% ob$2urin* o& th% Tao i$ in
r%,ation to on%($id%d thin3in*, and th% ob$2urin* o& $.%%2h i$ in r%,ation to th% %;broid%ry
o& %,oIu%n2% Thu$ it i$ that th%r% ar% th% di$tin2tion$ o& ri*ht and ?ron* ;ad% by th%
Con&u2iani$t$ and th% !ohi$t$, th% on% a&&ir;in* ?hat th% oth%r d%ni%$, and d%nyin* ?hat
th% oth%r a&&ir;$ I& th%n ?% ?ant to a&&ir; ?hat th%y BbothE d%ny and d%ny ?hat th%y
a&&ir;, th%r% i$ no oth%r ?ay than that o& a 2,%ar%r und%r$tandin*
1 E;%ndin* th% 2hara2t%r man to men'.
) Th% &a;ou$ .arado# by Hui Shih C. -art :our, Cha.t%r ID 3 Th% Sa*%(3in* 6u1
CHUANG CH"U 155
B8% ha/% to r%a,i>% thatE a thin* i$ both a AThat@ and a ATi$,@ and it 2annot $%% it$%,& a$ a
AThat@ I& you 3no? your$%,&, th%n you 3no? B"th%r?i$% you do not 3no?E Thu$ it i$ that I
;aintain that th% AThat@ .ro2%%d$ &ro; th% AThi$,@ a,$o that th% AThi$@ i$ ,in3%d to th% AThat@
Th%J AThat@ and th% AThi$@ to*%th%r, ,i&% int%r.r%t%d und%r 2ondition$ Bo& ti;%EF A&t%r a,,,
no? th%r% i$ ,i&%, no? d%ath1 no? d%ath, no? ,i&% 8hat i$ .o$$ib,% at on% ti;% i$
i;.o$$ib,% at anoth%r7 arid ?hat i$ i;.o$$ib,% at on% ti;% i$ .o$$ib,% at anoth%r 4%in*
,in3%d to th% ri*ht i$ b%in* ,in3%d to th% ?ron*, and b%in* ,in3%d to th% ?ron* i$ b%in*
,in3%d to th% ri*ht That i$ ?hy th% $a*%$ do not &o,,o? th%$% di$tin2tion$ and Co b%2o;%
%n,i*ht%n%d by H%a/%n, 1 and ar% ,in3%d to th% AThi$@
BA$ ha$ a,r%ady b%%n $tat%dE a AThi$@ i$ a,$o a AThat,@ and a AThat@ i$ a,$o a AThi$@ Th%n
in addition, a AThat,@ a$ a,$o a AThi$,@ i$ %Iua,,y a&&ir;ab,% and d%niab,%, ?ith th% r%$u,t that
?% 2annot in&%r %ith%r that th%y %#i$t, or that th%y do not %#i$t Do not ,%t th%; *%t to th%
.oint o& b%in* a .air o& o..o$it%$ Thi$ i$ 2a,,%d Br%a2hin*E th% a#i$ o& th% Tao1 &or an a#i$
&ro; th% out$%t i$ in .o$ition at th% 2%ntr% o& a 2ir2,% and ;%%t$ th% r%Iuir%;%nt$ o& %/%ry
2han*% %nd,%$$,y Sin2% both th% ri*ht and th% ?ron* ar% %nd,%$$,y B2han*in*E, th%r%&or% I
;aintain that th%r% i$ no oth%r ?ay than that o& i,,u;ination
Th% .o$$ibi,ity o& th% .o$$ib,% and th% i;.o$$ibi,ity o& th% i;.o$$ib,% + it i$ th% Tao in
a2tion ?hi2h brin*$ thi$ about Thu$ a thin* i$ d%$2rib%d a$ b%in* $o <i% ?hat it i$= Ho?
i$ it Gu$t ?hat it i$H Throu*h th% $o(n%$$ in it$ b%in* Gu$t ?hat it i$ Ho? i$ it not ?hat it i$H
Throu*h th% not($o(n%$$ in it$ b%in* Gu$t $o A thin* n%/%r /ari%$ in ha/in* ?hat ;a3%$ it
?hat it i$, nor in ha/in* ?hat ;a3%$ it .o$$ib,% Th%r% i$ not anythin* ?hi2h i$ not ?hat it
i$, nor ?hi2h i$ i;.o$$ib,% Thu$ it i$ that th%r% ar% roo&($,at$ a,on*$id% o& $o,id .i,,ar$,
u*,in%$$ a,on*$id% o& b%auty, and to b% *r%at ()uei*, to a,t%r ()uei*, to &,att%r ()uei*, to b%
1 T+ien, th% tran$2%nd%nta, $id% to Natur%,
15C TA" ED-ERTS
;ar/%,,ou$ ()uei*, 1 a,, th%$% throu*h Tao ha/% th% unity o& ;utua, int%r.%n%tration :or
a thin* to b% $%.arat%d out B&ro; th% ;a$$E i$ &or it to b%2o;% a thin* :or it to b%2o;% a
B2o;.,%t%E thin* i$ &or it to d%(b%2o;% E/%ry $in*,% thin* both b%2o;%$ and d%(
b%2o;%$, ) both .ro2%$$%$ b%in* to and &ro in th% unity o& ;utua, int%r.%n%tration
"n,y th% ;an o& a,,(%;bra2in* int%,,i*%n2% 3no?$ thi$ unity o& ;utua,
int%r.%n%tration 4%2au$% h% ha$ thi$ int%,,i*%n2%, h% 2annot b% ;ad% u$% o& but ta3%$ u.
hi$ abod% in it$ 2o;;on &un2tionin* Hi$ &un2tionin* ha$ uti,ity, &or to b% o& Br%a,E u$% i$
to int%r.%n%trat% and b% int%r.%n%trat%d1 and to .%n%trat% and b% int%r.%n%trat%d i$ to
a2hi%/% To arri/% at a2hi%/%;%nt i$ about a,, a ;an 2an do :o,,o?in* on &ro; that
2o;%$ $to..in*1 and to $to. ?ithout 3no?in* that on% i$ $to..in* that i$ + Tao
:or a ;an to ?%ar out hi$ $.irit and int%,,i*%n2% in an %&&ort to ma)e a unity o& thin*$,
and to b% i*norant o& th% &a2t that th%y ar% in a*r%%;%nt, thi$ i$ to b% d%$2rib%d by ATh%
!ornin* Thr%%@ 8hat do I ;%an by thatH 8%,,, th%r% ?a$ a 2%rtain ;on3%y(3%%.%r ?ho
had 2har*% o& th%ir di%t o& a2orn$ H% ord%r%d thr%% in th% ;ornin* and &our at ni*ht &or
%a2h on% Th% ;on3%y$ ?%r% a,, an*ry about thi$ Th% 3%%.%r $aid, AK%ry ?%,,, th%n, you
2an ha/% &our in th% ;ornin* and thr%% at ni*ht@ Th% ;on3%y$ ?%r% a,, .,%a$%d Thu$ in
na;% th%r% ?a$ a2tua,,y no 2han*% &or th% ?or$%, ?hi,$t $2o.% ?a$ *i/%n to &%%,in*$ o&
.,%a$ur% and an*%r and th% arran*%;%nt ?a$ in 2on&or;ity ?ith tho$% &%%,in*$ It i$ in
thi$ ?ay that $a*%$ by ;%an$ o& th% $ur&a2% di$tin2tion$ o& Ath% ri*ht@ and Ath% ?ron*@
;a3% har;ony, and y%t ta3% th%ir %a$% in H%a/%n@$ ,%/%,,in* out 4y ,%/%,,in* out I ;%an
*oin* t?o ?ay$ at on2%
1 Th% ;od%rn .ronun2iation o& th%$% &our 2hara2t%r$ *i/%n h%r% a$ )uei
i$ a$ &o,,o?$7 )+uei, )uei, ch+ueh, and )uai. Th% traditiona, rhy;% o& th%
&ir$t i$ )+uei. Chuan* Chou@$ $%,%2tion o& th%$% &our $o;%?hat un2onn%2t(
ab,% 2on2%.t$ h%r% i$ ?ith a /i%? to $ho?in* that th%r% ;u$t b% $o;%
2onn%2tion $in2% th% id%o*ra.h$ %#i$t and, ?hat i$ ;or%, ar% %#.r%$$%d by
th% $a;% $ound in $.%%2h -...! I ha/% no r%a$on to $u..o$% that that
$ound ?a$ a2tua,,y )uei, but it ;u$t ha/% b%%n $o;%thin* ,i3% it
) Th% t%#t i$ %;%nd%d, a pu b%in* add%d to th% /ei to ;a3% a doub,%
n%*ati/% 8ithout thi$ $%n$% $%%;$ hard,y .o$$ib,%
CHUANG CH"U 155
Th% 3no?,%d*% ?hi2h th% ;%n o& o,d had ?a$ .%r&%2t in on% r%$.%2t Ho? thi$ ?a$ $o, i$
a$ &o,,o?$ Th%r% ?%r% ;%n ?ho h%,d that b%&or% th%r% b%*an to b% B$o ;anyE thin*$ Bin th%
?or,dE, that ?a$ .%r&%2tion, a $tat% o& 2o;.,%tion to ?hi2h nothin* 2ou,d b% add%d Th%n
th%r% 2a;% a $%2ond $ta*% in ?hi2h th%r% ?%r% a ,ar*% nu;b%r o& thin*$, but th%y had not
b%*un to b% 2ar%&u,,y di&&%r%ntiat%d N%#t to thi$ 2a;% a $ta*% ?h%n thin*$ ?%r%
di&&%r%ntiat%d, but th%r% had not b%*un to b% a di$tin2tion b%t?%%n ri*ht Bthin*$E and ?ron*
Bthin*$E Thi$ orna;%ntation Bo& thin*$E a$ ri*ht and ?ron* ?a$ th% .ro2%$$ ?hi2h brou*ht
about th% ?anin* o& th% Tao in th% ?or,d, and th% $a;% .ro2%$$ brou*ht about th% ri$% o&
.%r$ona, .r%&%r%n2% And it i$ %Iua,,y out o& th% Iu%$tion to in&%r %ith%r that th%r% r%a,,y i$
.ro*r%$$ and r%*r%$$ or that th%r% i$ not I& ?% $ay th%r% i$, it i$ a 2a$% o& AChao@$ &in%
.,ayin* o& th% ,ut%@ I& ?% $ay th%r% i$ not, it i$ a 2a$% o& AChao@$ inabi,ity to .,ay th% ,ut%@ 1
Chao 8%n@$ .,ayin* and Shih Huan*@$ ?i%,din* o& th% 2ondu2tor@$ baton and !a$t%r Hui@$
,%anin* a*ain$t a 8u tr%%7 th% thr%% %#.%rt$@ 3no?,%d*% ?a$ Gu$t ;or% or ,%$$ H%n2% %a2h
?%nt on ti,, th% ,a$t y%ar o& hi$ ,i&%1 but it ?a$ on,y th%y ?ho .ri>%d th%ir 3no?,%d*% and
r%*ard%d it a$ %#traordinary 2o;.ar%d to any on% %,$%@$ 4%2au$% th%y .ri>%d it th%y ?ant%d
to %n,i*ht%n .%o.,% ?ith it 4ut oth%r .%o.,% ?%r% o..o$%d to th%ir %n,i*ht%nin* and
%n,i*ht%nin* Th% r%$u,t ?a$ th% 2on&u$ion ?or$% 2on&ound%d o& !a$t%r Hui@$ ar*u;%nt
about hardn%$$ and ?hit%n%$$ + hi$ $on Byou 3no?E tri%d &or hi$ ?ho,% ,i&% to r%a2h th%
2on2,u$ion o& th% ar*u;%nt and &ai,%d I& that i$ th% ;%anin* o& .ro*r%$$, th%n I too Bin thi$
ar*u;%ntE a; addin* to th% .ro*r%$$ I&, ho?%/%r, it ;ay not b% d%$2rib%d a$ .ro*r%$$, th%n
th%r% i$ no .ro*r%$$, not %/%n ?ith ;% Band ;y ar*uin*FE Th%$% ar% th% r%a$on$ ?hy $a*%$
ai; at th% *,oriou$ ,i*ht ?hi2h 2o;%$ &ro; $,i..%ry doubt$ It i$ ?hy th%y 2annot b% u$%d
and on th% 2ontrary ;a3%
1 Chao 8%n i$ $aid to ha/% b%%n a ;u$i2 ;a$t%r in Ch%n* Stat% Th% r%&%r%n2% h%r% $%%;$ to b% to a di/id%d
o.inion about hi;, $o;%, in2,udin* hi;$%,&, $ayin* h% ?a$ a &in% .,ay%r, and $o;% that h% ?a$ not
158 TA" ED-ERTS
th%ir abod% in 2o;;on &un2tionin* I d%$2rib% thi$ a$ in2r%a$in* on%@$ int%,,i*%n2%
I ?i,, i,,u$trat% H%r% ar% $o;% ?ord$, and I do not 3no? ?h%th%r th%y ar% 2,a$$i&iab,% or
not a$ ri*ht + &or any thin*$ to (b% 2,a$$i&iab,% and not 2,a$$i&iab,% i$ &or th%; to*%th%r to
;a3% a n%? 2,a$$, and th%n th%y ar% in th% $a;% .o$ition a$ th% oth%r 2,a$$i&i%d thin*$
Ho?%/%r that ;ay b%, a,,o? ;% to try and $ay ?hat I ?ant to $ay Sin2% th%r% i$ $u2h a
thin* a$ th% b%*innin*, th%r% i$ a,$o $u2h a thin* a$ a b%*innin* b%&or% th% b%*innin*, and
th%r% i$ a,$o $u2h a thin* a$ a b%*innin* to b%&or% th% b%*innin* to b%&or% th% b%*innin*
Sin2% th%r% i$ $u2h a thin* a$ $o;%thin*, th%r% i$ a,$o $u2h a thin* a$ nothin*1 and th%n,
$in2% th%r% i$ $u2h a thin* a$ b%&or% th% b%*innin* o& $o;%thin* and nothin*, th%r% i$ a,$o
$u2h a thin* a$ a b%*innin* to b%&or% th% b%*innin* o& $o;%thin* and nothin* Th%r% ?%
ar%F And I do not 3no? ?hi2h o& th% t?o, $o;%thin* and nothin*, i$ $o;%thin* and ?hi2h
i$ nothin* Co;in* to ;y$%,& and ?hat I ha/% Gu$t d%$2rib%d, .r%$u;ab,y it i$ a d%$2ri.tion
o& $o;%thin*, but I do not 3no? ?h%th%r it i$ r%a,,y $o;%thin* or ?h%th%r it i$ r%a,,y
nothin*
BIt ha$ b%%n ar*u%d thatE 1 Ain th% ?or,d o& our %#.%ri%n2% Bth%r% i$ a $%n$% in ?hi2hE
th%r% i$ nothin* bi**%r than th% ti. o& a n%?(*ro?n hair, ?hi,$t a *r%at ;ountain i$ a tiny
thin*7 that th%r% i$ no *r%at%r a*% than that o& a baby 2ut o&& in in&an2y, ?hi,$t Grand&ath%r
-@%n* B?ith hi$ 5LL y%ar$E di%d in hi$ youth7 that h%a/%n and %arth ?%r% born at th% $a;%
ti;% that I ?a$, and $o a,, thin*$ in natur% arid I ar% on% and th% $a;% thin*@ Sin2% th%y ar%
on%, you 2an $ti,, &ind ?ord$ to %#.r%$$ it, 2an youH ) And $in2% it ha$ b%%n %#.r%$$%d, 2an
it $ti,, b% un%#.r%$$%dH A"n% .,u$ th% ?ord$ about it ;a3%$ t?o, and t?o .,u$ th% on%n%$$
Bo& th% t?oE ;a3%$ thr%%@ I& ?% *o on ,i3% thi$, %/%n th% 2,%/%r%$t r%23on%r br%a3$ do?n7
and ho? ;u2h ;or% th% ordinary run o& ;%nF
1 Th%r% &o,,o? Iuotation$ &ro; !a$t%r Hui and hi$ &%,,o? $o.hi$t$
) Chuan* Chou@$ .o$ition i$ that th% u$% o& ?ord$ in/ariab,y in/o,/%$
2o;.ari$on
CHUANG CH"U 15'
Thu$ it i$ that by *oin* on &ro; nothin* to $o;%thin* ?% arri/% at thr%% Ho?
;u2h ;or% i& ?% *o on &ro; $o;%thin* to $o;%thin*F Don@t ,%t u$ *o onF L%t u$
$to. h%r%F
Th% Tao ha$ n%/%r b%*un to ha/% ;utua,,y %#2,u$i/% di$tin2tion$ 8ord$, on th%
oth%r hand, ha/% n%/%r b%*un to ha/% .%r;an%n2y 4%2au$% thi$ i$ $o th%r% ar% ,in%$
o& di/i$ion 8ith your .%r;i$$ion I ?i,, ;%ntion th%; Th% ,%&t in/o,/%$ th% ri*ht
R%a$on%d $tat%;%nt$ Babout a thin* b%in* on th% ,%&t or th% ri*ht, %t2 %t2E in/o,/%
Gud*;%nt$ Th%n di/i$ion$ o& o.inion in/o,/% ar*u;%nt$ Th%n 2ontro/%r$i%$
in/o,/% Iuarr%,$ Th%$% ;ay b% 2a,,%d th% Ei*ht To(and(:ro@$ 1 8hat i$ b%yond th%
?or,d o& $.a2%, th% $a*% ho,d$ ?ithin hi;$%,&, but h% do%$ not r%a$on about it 8hat
i$ ?ithin th% ?or,d o& $.a2% h% r%a$on$ about, but h% do%$ not ;a3% any Gud*;%nt
on it About th% anna,$ and th% r%2ord$ o& .a$t 3in*$ h% ;a3%$ a Gud*;%nt, but h%
do%$ not ar*u%, ?ith th% r%$u,t that di/i$ion o& o.inion i$ not r%a,,y di/i$ion o&
o.inion, nor ar*uin* r%a,,y ar*uin* Ho? that 2o;%$ about i$ by r%a$on o& th% $a*%
%;bra2in* a,, thin*$ Th% ;a$$ o& ;%n ar*u% ?ith a /i%? to d%;on$tratin* to %a2h
oth%r1 ?hi2h i$ ?hy I $ay that ar*uin* i$ not a r%/%a,in* .ro2%$$
Th% $u.r%;% ) Tao 2annot b% ta,3%d about, and th% $u.r%;% ) ar*u;%nt do%$ not
r%Iuir% $.%%2h BSo a,$oE $u.r%;% b%n%/o,%n2% i$ not Gu$t b%in* 2haritab,%, $u.r%;%
.urity not Gu$t b%in* di$int%r%$t%d, and $u.r%;% 2oura*% not Gu$t brut% /io,%n2% I&
th% Tao ?%r% to *,itt%r, it ?ou,d not b% th% Tao Th% $.%%2h ?hi2h ar*u%$ 2o;%$
$hort o& ?hat it ;i*ht b% Th% b%n%/o,%n2% that i$ $t%r%oty.%d do%$ not $u22%%d Th%
.urity that i$ &,a?,%$$ do%$ not %n*a*% 2on&id%n2% Th% 2oura*% that i$ ab$o,ut%,y
unyi%,din* d%&%at$ it$ o?n %nd
Thu$ it i$ that h% ?ho 3no?$ ho? to $to. at ?hat h% do%$
not 3no? i$ .%r&%2t @8ho 2an 3no? th% ar*u;%nt ?hi2h i$ not .ut into $.%%2h and
th% Tao that ha$ no na;%H I&
1 E;%ndin* th% t%#t a$ !a H$u(,un $u**%$t$
) Th% 2hara2t%r ta Bbi*E in ;any 2ont%#t$J 2on/%y$ th% i;.r%$$ion o& ;%anin* authoritati/% or tran$2%nd%nt
18L TA" ED-ERTS
th%r% $hou,d b% th% abi,ity to 3no?J in thi$ ?ay, thi$ 3no?,%d*% ;i*ht b% d%$2rib%d a$ Jth%
Stor% o& H%a/%n@ -our into it and it do%$ not o/%r&,o? -our out &ro; it and it do%$ not
b%2o;% %;.ty It do%$ not 3no? th% $our2% o& it$ 3no?in* Thi$ i$ th% ;%anin* o& A$torin*
u. th% ,i*ht@
BA :urth%r Di$2u$$ion o& Ri*htn%$$ and 8ron*n%$$E
6u%h Ch@u%h a$3%d 8an* 6i i& h% 3n%? ?hat th%r% ?a$ that thin*$ had in 2o;;on H%
$aid, AHo? $hou,d I 3no?H -%rha.$ you 3no? ?hat th%r% i$ that you do not 3no?H@ 6u%h
Ch@u%h $aid, AHo? $hou,d I 3no? about thatH Do%$ it &o,,o? that thin*$ ar% not 3no?nH@
8an* 6i $aid, AHo? $hou,d I 3no?H Ho?%/%r it ;ay b%, I ?i,, try and .ut th% ;att%r
into $.%%2h Can th%r% b% any ?ay by ?hi2h I ;ay 3no? that ?hat I 2a,, 3no?,%d*% i$ not
r%a,,y not(3no?,%d*%H And 2an th%r% b% any ?ay by ?hi2h I 2an 3no? that ?hat I 2a,, not(
3no?,%d*% i$ not r%a,,y 3no?,%d*%H L%t ;% try to a$3 you $o;% Iu%$tion$ I& th% .%o.,%
$,%%. in da;. .,a2%$ th%ir ,oin$ ?i,, hurt and on% $id% o& th%ir bodi%$ ?i,, b% d%ad 4ut i$
that th% 2a$% ?ith an %%,H I& a ;an $tay$ u. in a tr%%, h% ?i,, *%t &ri*ht%n%d and *o a,, o& a
tr%;b,% 4ut i$ that th% 2a$% ?ith a ;on3%yH 8hi2h o& th%$% thr%% 3no?$ th% ri*ht .,a2% in
?hi2h to ,i/%H !%n %at &,%$h, d%%r &%%d on *ra$$, 2%nti.%d%$ &ind $na3%$ $?%%t, and o?,$
and 2ro?$ *u>>,% ;i2% 8hi2h o& th%$% &our 3no?$ th% ri*ht ta$t%H !on3%y ;at%$ ?ith
;on3%y, and th% bu23 ?ith th% do% !ao Ch@ian* and Li Ch@i <th% t?o &a;ou$ b%auti%$=
ar% r%*ard%d a$ /%ry b%auti&u,1 and y%t at th% $i*ht o& th%;, &i$h di/%d d%%. into th% ?at%r,
bird$ &,%? hi*h into th% air, and d%%r &,%d &ro; th%ir .r%$%n2% :ro; ;y .%r$ona, .oint o&
/i%?, th% ba$i2 .rin2i.,%$ o& b%n%/o,%n2% and Gu$ti2% and a,, th% ,itt,% tra23$ o& ri*htn%$$
and ?ron*n%$$ ar% $o in%#tri2ab,y 2on&u$%d that it i$ i;.o$$ib,% &or ;% to 3no? ho? to
di&&%r%ntiat% th%;@
6u%h Ch@u%h $aid, AI& you do not 3no? ?hat i$ .ro&it
CHUANG CH"U 181
and ?hat ,o$$, th%n a .%r&%2t ;an, to b% $ur%, do%$ not 3no? I$ not that $oH@
8an* 6i $aid, ATh% .%r&%2t ;an 1 i$ a ;y$t%ry Th% *r%at .oo,$ ;i*ht b% a,, $2or2h%d u.,
but h% 2ou,d not &%%, hot Th% *r%at ri/%r$ ;i*ht b% a,, &ro>%n hard, but h% 2ou,d not &%%,
2o,d Thund%r ;i*ht $.,it th% ;ountain$ and th% ?ind ,a$h th% $%a, but h% 2ou,d ha/% no
&%ar A ;an o& that 3ind 2ou,d ;ount th% 2,oud$ and th% air and rid% th% $un and th% ;oon,
?and%rin* a?ay b%yond th% bound$ o& th% :our S%a$ N%ith%r D%ath nor Li&% brin*$
2han*% in hi; hi;$%,& Ho? ;u2h ,%$$ th%n 2an B$o(2a,,%dE .rin2i.,%$ o& .ro&it and ,o$$H@
!a$t%r Chu Ch@iao a..roa2h%d !a$t%r Chan* 8u ?ith a Iu%$tion, $ayin*, AI h%ard &ro;
th% ,i.$ o& th% !a$t%r <Con&u2iu$= that ?h%n Bit i$ $aid thatE th% $a*% do%$ not o22u.y
hi;$%,& ?ith ;undan% a&&air$7 do%$ not $%%3 .ro$t or a/oid ,o$$, ha$ no .,%a$ur% in th%
2on$2iou$ .ur$uit Bo& thin*$E, do%$ not .,ay th% o&&i2ia, ?ith th% Tao, $ay$ nothin* and $ay$
$o;%thin*, $ay$ $o;%thin* and $ay$ nothin*, and ?and%r$ into th% b%yond, &r%% o& th% du$t
and *ri;% o& th% ?or,d7 th%n &or hi;, th% !a$t%r, th%$% ?ord$ ar% Iuit% &anta$ti2 :or ;%,
on th% oth%r hand, th%y d%not% th% .ra2ti2% o& th% ;y$t%riou$ Tao In ?hat $ort o& ?ay do
you r%*ard thi$, ;y d%ar $irH@
!a$t%r Chan* 8u $aid, AThi$ i$ a ;att%r about ?hi2h th% 6%,,o? E;.%ror ) ?a$
.%r.,%#%d Ho? th%n i$ Con&u2iu$ 2o;.%t%nt to ha/% 3no?,%d*% on itH Not on,y $o7 you
a,$o ar% too ha$ty in your 2a,2u,ation$ 6ou $%% a 2ro$$(bo? and i;;%diat%,y %#.%2t
broi,%d du23 I ?i,, $.%a3 to you in2on$%Iu%ntia,,y on th% ;att%r 6ou ,i$t%n
in2on$%Iu%ntia,,y
ASittin* by th% $un and th% ;oonF Crad,in* $.a2% and
1 0e chih 1en, ?hi2h I ha/% tran$,at%d a$ A.%r&%2t ;an@1 but thi$ i$ rath%r
un$ati$&a2tory, in $.it% o& th% &a2t that, a$ th% t%r; *ot into *%n%ra, 2ir2u(
,ation, it 2a;% to ha/% ;u2h thi$ ;%anin* Th% Taoi$t$ in/%nt%d th%
t%r;, and I 2annot h%,. thin3in* that th% ;%n ?ho &ir$t u$%d it thou*ht o&
chih in it$ ,it%ra, $%n$% o& Aarri/%@1 h%n2% th% A;an ?ho ha$ r%a2h%d th%
*r%at obG%2ti/%@
) Th% ;ythi2a, Sa*%(%;.%ror ?ho; th% Taoi$t$ %#a,t%d a$ th% &ir$t to
3no? th% Tao
18) TA" ED-ERTS
ti;% in on%@$ ar;$F 4,%ndin* and har;oni>in* th%;F G%ttin* rid o& th% $,i..%ry
un2%rtainti%$ o& di$tin2tion$ and .uttin* ;%nia,$ a,on*$id% honourab,% .%r$on$F E/%rybody
babb,in* a?ay, but th% $a*% a b,o23h%ad B?ith nothin* to $ayE, a$ h% ;in*,%$ a ;yriad
y%ar$ Bin hi;$%,&E and b%2o;%$ int%*rat%d, 2o;.,%t%, ba,an2%d, ?hi,$t thin*$, a$ th%y ar%,
a,, *o on .ur$uin* th%ir 2our$%$@
Ho? do I 3no? that to ,o/% ,i&% i$ not to b% in a $tat% o& i,,u$ionH Ho? do I 3no? that to
hat% d%ath i$ not ,i3% a ;an ?ho ?a$ ,o$t in hi$ 2hi,dhood and no? do%$ not 3no? hi$ ?ay
ho;%H Li Chi ?a$ th% dau*ht%r o& th% ?ard%n at Ai 8h%n Chin Stat% &ir$t 2a.tur%d h%r h%r
t%ar$ rain%d do?n and dr%n2h%d h%r 2oat 4ut a&t%r $h% had arri/%d at th% .a,a2% and had
$har%d th% 3in*@$ B,u#uriou$E b%d and &%d on a,, th% ri2h &ood, $h% r%.%nt%d o& h%r t%ar$
Ho?, $ir, do you 3no? that th% d%ad do not r%.%nt o& th%ir ori*ina, 2ra/in* &or ,i&%H Th%
;an ?ho dr%a;$ at ni*ht that h% i$ 2arou$in*, ;ay ?h%n th% ;ornin* 2o;%$ b% ?%%.in*,
?hi,$t th% ;an ?ho dr%a;$ h% i$ ?%%.in*, ;ay ?h%n th% ;ornin* 2o;%$ b% out huntin*
In a dr%a; you do not 3no? that you ar% dr%a;in*, and you 2an %/%n di/in% th% dr%a; you
ar% dr%a;in* It i$ on,y ?h%n you ?a3% u. that you 3no? you ha/% b%%n dr%a;in*
Not on,y $o7 th%r% i$ th% *r%at a?a3%nin*, and th%n ?% $ha,, 3no? that a,, thi$ B.r%$%nt
%#.%ri%n2%E i$ a *r%at dr%a; :oo,$, ho?%/%r, r%*ard th%;$%,/%$ a$ a?a3% no? + $o
.%r$ona, i$ th%ir 3no?,%d*% It ;ay b% a$ a .rin2% or it ;ay b% a$ a h%rd$;an, but $o $ur%
o& th%;$%,/%$F 4oth th% !a$t%r BCon&u2iu$E and you ar% dr%a;in*1 and ?h%n I d%$2rib%
you a$ dr%a;in*, I a; a,$o dr%a;in* And th%$% ?ord$ o& ;in% ar% .arado#i2a,7 that i$ th%
na;% &or th%; And a ;yriad *%n%ration$ ?i,, .a$$ b%&or% ?% ;%%t a $a*% ?ho 2an %#.,ain
thi$, and ?h%n ?% ;%%t hi; it ?i,, b% th% %/%nin* o& our ,itt,% day
Su..o$% you and I ha/% our ar*u;%nt I& I 2annot b%at you and you b%at ;%, do%$ it
&o,,o? that you ar% ri*ht and I a; ?ron*H I& you 2annot b%at ;% but I b%at you, do%$ it
&o,,o? that I a; ri*ht and you ar% ?ron*H I$ on% $o;%(
CHUANG CH"U 183
ti;%$ ri*ht and $o;%ti;%$ ?ron*, or ar% both o& u$ ri*ht or both o& u$ ?ron*H I& you and I
do not ha/% a 2o;;on 3no?,%d*% Babout th% ;att%rE, th%n oth%r ;%n ar% bound to b% in th%
dar3 o/%r it 8ho; th%n 2an ?% %;.,oy to *%t to th% truth o& itH I& ?% $hou,d %;.,oy a
;an ?ho a*r%%$ ?ith you, or on% ?ho a*r%%$ ?ith ;%, or on% ?ho di$a*r%%$ ?ith both o&
u$, or on% ?ho a*r%%$ ?ith both o& u$1 $in2% on% ?ou,d a*r%% ?ith you and anoth%r ?ith
;% and anoth%r di$a*r%% ?ith both o& u$ and anoth%r a*r%% ?ith both o& u$, ho? 2ou,d any
on% o& th%; *%t to th% truth o& th% ;att%rH Do%$ it &o,,o? th%n that I and you and oth%r
;%n ha/% not *ot a 2o;;on 3no?,%d*%H Ar% ?% th%n a,, ?aitin* &or So;%thin* <H
So;%on%= %,$%H
Ar*uin* 1 i$ a r%,ation Bin ti;%E o& on% ;utab,% $ound to anoth%r Su..o$% th% $ound$
ar% not r%,ati/% to %a2h oth%r That ?ou,d b% har;ony Ba$ o& a 2hord in ;u$i2E ) Th%
a2hi%/in* o& thi$ har;ony i$ by b%in* a bab% o& H%a/%n Con&or; to that ind%&init%,y7
th%r%by th% .a$$a*% o& ti;% i$ ob,it%rat%d That i$J th% ;%anin* o& a2hi%/in* har;ony by
b%in* a bab% o& H%a/%nH Th% an$?%r i$ thi$7 ATo b%@ and Anot to b%@ ar% r%$.%2ti/%,y Ab%in*
thu$@ and Anot b%in* thu$@ I& to b% i$ n%2%$$ari,y to b%, th%n it i$ di&&%r%nt &ro; not to b%
About thi$ th%r% 2an b% no ar*u;%nt A,$o i& b%in* thu$ i$ n%2%$$ari,y b%in* thu$, th%n it i$
di&&%r%nt &ro; not b%in* thu$ About thi$ a,$o th%r% 2an b% no ar*u;%nt BThat b%in* $o,E
&or*%t th% .a$$a*% o& ti;%, &or*%t ar*u;%ntati/% Gud*;%nt$ 4% in a?% o& ti;%,%$$n%$$
Thu$ it i$ that you 2an d?%,, in ti;%,%$$n%$$ A .%nu;bra a$3%d a $hado?, $ayin*, ATh%r%
ar% ti;%$ ?h%n you ar% ;o/in*, ti;%$ ?h%n you ar% at r%$t7 ti;%$ ?h%n you $it do?n,
ti;%$ ?h%n you $tand u. 8hy do you not ?or3 out on% ;%thod and $ti23 to itH@ Th%
Shado? $aid, AA; I d%.%nd%nt on $o;%thin* %,$% &or b%in* ?hat I a;H BI& $oE i$ th%
$o;%thin* %,$% on ?hi2h I a; d%.%nd%nt it$%,& d%.%nd%nt on
1 Th% %n$uin* .a$$a*% i$ a bu*b%ar to th% 2o;;%ntator$, a,thou*h th% $%2tion on th% A,a? o& id%ntity@ i$ 2,%ar %nou*h I &o,,o?
8an* H$i%n(2h@i%n@$ ord%r, but th% *ra;;ar o& thi$ o.%nin* $%nt%n2% $%%;$ to ;% to r%Iuir% a $ubG%2t andJ th% natura, on% i$
Aar*uin*@
) Th% $%n$% $%%;$ to r%Iuir% thi$ addition
180 TA" ED-ERTS
$o;%thin* %,$% &or b%in* ?hat it i$H A; I d%.%nd%nt on th% $2a,%$ o& a $na3% or th% ?in*$
o& a 2i2adaH Ho? 2an I und%r$tand ?hat ;a3%$ th% Ab%in* thu$@ and ?hat ;a3%$ th% Jnot
b%in* thu$@H
"n2% Chuan* Chou dr%a;t h% ?a$ a butt%r&,y, &,utt%rin* h%r% and th%r% Gu$t a$ i& h% ?a$
a butt%r&,y, 2on$2iou$ o& &o,,o?in* it$ in2,ination$ It did not 3no? that it ?a$ Chuan*
Chou Sudd%n,y h% a?o3%1 and th%n d%;on$trab,y h% ?a$ Chuan* Chou 4ut h% do%$ not
3no? no? ?h%th%r h% i$ Chuan* Chou ?ho dr%a;t h% ?a$ a butt%r&,y or a butt%r&,y
dr%a;in* h% i$ Chuan* Chou No? Chuan* Chou and th% butt%r&,y ar% in r%,ation, $o that
th%r% ;u$t b% a di$tin2tion b%t?%%n th% t?o Thi$ i$ ?hat i$ ;%ant by Athin*$ b%in*
tran$&or;%d@
Chapter 2. The 3aster 4rinciples for the -ourishment of
ife.
A ;an ?ho ?a$ 2oo3 to -rin2% 8%n Hui ?a$ 2uttin* u. a bu,,o23 Th% b,o? by hi$
hand, th% thru$t &ro; hi$ $hou,d%r, th% $ta;. o& hi$ &oot, th% h%a/% ?ith hi$ 3n%%, th%
?hi$h o& th% &,%$h 2o;in* a?ay, and th% ?hi$t,% o& hi$ 3ni&% *oin* in ?%r% a,, .%r&%2t,y in
ti;%, ha/in* th% rhyth; o& th% Dan2% o& th% !u,b%rry Gro/%, and %#a2t,y in ti;% ,i3% th%
2hord$ o& th% Chin' 5hou. Th% -rin2% $aid, AHo? %#2%,,%nt, that you $hou,d r%a2h thi$
.it2h o& .%r&%2tionF@ Th% 2oo3 .ut do?n hi$ 2ho..%r and $aid, ATh% thin* that your hu;b,%
$%r/ant d%,i*ht$ in i$ $o;%thin* hi*h%r than art, na;%,y th% Tao 8h%n I &ir$t b%*an to 2ut
u. bu,,o23$, ?hat I $a? ?a$ Gu$t a bu,,o23 A&t%r thr%% y%ar$ I no ,on*%r $a? a bu,,o23 a$ a
?ho,%, and no? I ?or3 by th% $.irit and not by th% $i*ht o& ;y %y%$ !y $%n$%$ ha/%
,%arnt to $to. and ,%t th% $.irit 2arry on I r%,y on th% H%a/%n(*i/%n $tru2tur% o& a bu,,o23
I .r%$$ th% bi* t%ndon$ a.art and &o,,o? a,on* th% bi* o.%nin*$, 2on&or;in* to th% ,in%$
?hi2h ;u$t b% &o,,o?%d A *ood 2oo3 *%t$ a n%? 2ho..%r %/%ry y%ar1 and thi$ i$
b%2au$% h% 2ut$
CHUANG CH"U 185
A .oor 2oo3 *%t$ a n%? 2ho..%r %/%ry ;onth1 and thi$ i$
b%2au$% h% ha23$ 4ut th% 2ho..%r b%,on*in* to your
hu;b,% $%r/ant ha$ b%%n in u$% &or nin%t%%n y%ar$ It ha$
2ut u. $%/%ra, thou$and bu,,o23$, but it$ %d*% i$ a$ 3%%n a$
i& it had Gu$t 2o;% &ro; th% ?h%t$ton% Th%r% i$ a $.a2%
b%t?%%n th% Goint$, and th% %d*% o& th% 2ho..%r i$ /%ry thin
I .ut thi$ thinn%$$ into th% $.a2%, %n,ar*in* it a$ I *o1 and
th%r% i$ bound to b% .,%nty o& roo; &or th% b,ad%
N%/%rth%,%$$, %/%ry ti;% I 2o;% to $o;%thin* intri2at%, I
ta3% a ,oo3 at th% di&&i2u,ty A..r%h%n$ion 2a,,$ &or
2aution !y %y%$ d?%,, on it, and I a2t /%ry $,o?,y Th%
;o/%;%nt o& th% 2ho..%r i$ i;.%r2%.tib,%, and by d%*r%%$
it a,, 2o;%$ a?ay ,i3% bund,in* $oi, &ro; th% %arth I th%n
,i&t th% 2ho..%r out and $tand u. and ,oo3 a,, around ?ith
th% $ati$&a2tion o& /i2tory Th%n I ?i.% th% 2ho..%r and
.ut it a?ay@
-rin2% 8%n Hui %#2,ai;%d, AE#2%,,%ntF I h%ar ?hat a
2oo3 ha$ to $ay, and I ha/% ,%arnt ho? to nouri$h ,i&%@
8h%n 9un* 8%n H$i%n $a? a 2%rtain o&&i2ia, h% ?a$
horri&i%d and $aid, A8ho i$ h%H Ho? i$ it that h% ha$ on,y
on% &ootH I$ thi$ H%a/%n@$ doin* or ;an@$H@ Th% an$?%r
?a$, AH%a/%n@$ doin*, not ;an@$ H%a/%n@$ ?ay i$ to
2r%at% indi/idua,$ A ;an@$ out?ard a..%aran2% i$ a *i/%n
thin* Thu$ ?% 3no? that thi$ i$ H%a/%n@$ doin*, not ;an@$@
Th% ;ar$h .h%a$ant ha$ to ta3% t%n $t%.$ &or %/%ry .%23
and a hundr%d $t%.$ &or %/%ry $i., but it do%$ not b%* to
b% 3%.t in a 2a*% Th% &ood 1 th%r% ;i*ht b% roya, &ood,
but it ?ou,d not b% *ood &ood B&or th% .h%a$antE
8h%n Lao Tan ) di%d, Ch@in Shih ?%nt to ;ourn o/%r
hi; A&t%r thr%% ;oan$ h% ?%nt a?ay A di$2i.,% $aid,
A8%r% you not a &ri%nd o& th% !a$t%rH@ Ch@in Shih $aid,
A6%$@ Th% di$2i.,% $aid, AI& $o, th%n i$ it .ro.%r to ;ourn
on,y in thi$ &a$hionH@ Ch@in Shih $aid, AAt &ir$t I too3 you
to b% Lao Tan@$ ;%n No?, no A ;o;%nt a*o ?h%n I
?a$ in$id% to ;ourn, th%r% ?%r% o,d ;%n b%?ai,in* Lao
Tan a$ i& b%?ai,in* th% ,o$$ o& a $on, youn* ;%n b%?ai,in*
1 Th% shen in th% t%#t $%%;$ Iuit% i;.o$$ib,% I %;%nd to shan. ) Traditiona,,y a22ount%d to b%
th% &ir$t o& th% *r%at Taoi$t !a$t%r$
18C TA" ED-ERTS
hi; a$ i& b%?ai,in* th% ,o$$ o& a ;oth%r Th% r%a$on ?hy th%y 2a;% to*%th%r,
unIu%$tionab,y ?a$ that th%y had unti;%,y ?ord$ to $ay, unti;%,y t%ar$ to $h%d Thi$ i$ to
$3u,3 out o& th% $i*ht o& H%a/%n, to &,y in th% &a2% o& &a2t$, to &or*%t ?hat you ha/%
r%2%i/%d 18h%n h% ha..%n%d to 2o;%, it ?a$ th% ri*ht ti;% &or th% !a$t%r 8h%n h%
ha..%n%d to *o, it ?a$ th% in%/itab,% 2our$% &or th% !a$t%r :ind your .%a2% in th% ri*ht
ti;%7 ;a3% your ho;% in th% in%/itab,%, and *ri%& and Goy 2annot intrud% Th% an2i%nt$ $aid
o& d%ath that it ?a$ th% 2uttin* o& bond$ by th% ";ni.ot%nt Th%r% i$ an %nd to th% &in*%r$
?hi2h &%%d th% t?i*$ to th% &ir%1 but th% &ir% i$ tran$;itt%d, and no on% 3no?$ ?h%n it ?i,,
b% .ut out@
1 8h%th%r &ro; H%a/%n or &ro; Lao Tan i$ not 2,%ar
Chapter 6. The &uman World.
6%n Hui ?%nt to $%% Chun* Ni 1 to a$3 ,%a/% to *o a?ay Chun* Ni a$3%d hi; ?h%r% h%
?a$ *oin*, and 6%n Hui an$?%r%d that h% ?a$ *oin* to 8%i Stat% A8ith ?hat obG%2tH@
a$3%d Chun* Ni
6%n Hui $aid, AI h%ar that th% -rin2% o& 8%i i$ in th% /i*our o& hi$ youth and hi$ a2tion$
$%,&(?i,,%d H% i$ un2on2%rn%d about hi$ 2ountry and ?i,, not $%% hi$ &au,t$ H% i$
un2on2%rn%d about hi$ .%o.,% dyin*, $o that th% d%ad ar% ,yin* %/%ry?h%r% a,, o/%r th%
2ountry1 th% 2ondition o& th% .%o.,% i$ in2o;.arab,y bad I on2% h%ard you, !a$t%r, $ay
that on% $hou,d ,%a/% th% ?%,,(*o/%rn%d 2ountry and *o to th% 2ountry ?hi2h i$ in
2on&u$ion It i$ th% do2tor@$ door ?hi2h ha$ a 2ro?d o& $i23 .%o.,% b%&or% it I ?ant to ta3%
?hat I ha/% h%ard B&ro; youE and thin3 out it$ ba$i2 .rin2i.,%$ -%rha.$ th%r% i$ $o;% 2ur%
&or 8%i Stat%@
Chun* Ni $aid, AA,a$, th% dan*%r i$ that you ?i,, *o and on,y brin* .uni$h;%nt on
your$%,& Th% ri*ht ?ay do%$ not a,,o? o& oth%r thin*$ b%in* ;i#%d in ?ith it I& th%y ar%
;i#%d in, th%n th% ri*ht ?ay b%2o;%$ a nu;b%r o&
1 i% Con&u2iu$, r%&%rr%d to ?ithout any tit,% 6%n Hui ?a$ th% ;an
?ho; Con&u2iu$ r%*ard%d a$ th% b%$t o& hi$ di$2i.,%$ Th% in2id%nt h%r%
i$ to b% ta3%n a$ &i2titiou$, Con&u2iu$ b%in* ;ad% to $ay thin*$ ?hi2h
$ho?%d that th% Taoi$t ?ay ?a$ b%tt%r than th% Con&u2iani$t
CHUANG CH"U 185
?ay$ That %ntai,$ 2on&u$ion, and 2on&u$ion hara$$%$ th% ;ind 8ith a hara$$%d ;ind
th%r% i$ no $a/in* anythin* Th% .%r&%2t ;an in th% o,d day$ ?a$ &ir$t 2on2%rn%d about
hi;$%,& b%&or% h% $tart%d b%in* 2on2%rn%d about oth%r$ So ,on* a$ th%r% ?a$ any doubt
about hi;$%,& Band hi$ tru% *oodE, h% 2%rtain,y had no ,%i$ur% to att%nd to th% a2tion$ o&
/io,%nt ;%n :urth%r, ha/% you any id%a ?hat ?a$t%$ th% /irtu% in a ;an, or ?hat brin*$
3no?,%d*% into %#i$t%n2%H Kirtu% i$ ?a$t%d throu*h th% d%$ir% &or &a;% 9no?,%d*%
2o;%$ into %#i$t%n2% throu*h 2ont%ntion :a;% ;%an$ ;%n 2ru$hin* %a2h oth%r, and
3no?,%d*% i$ th% too, o& 2ont%ntion 4oth &a;% and 3no?,%d*% ar% ind%%d in$tru;%nt$ o&
%/i, and not ?hat $hou,d 2o;% into .%r&%2t a2tion :urth%r, th%r% ;ay b% ;%n o& $o,id
/irtu% and un&ai,in* $in2%rity, not .%r;%at%d ?ith ;orta, hu;our$, not $tri/in* o/%r &a;%,
not i;bu%d ?ith a ;orta, ;ind1 and y%t th%y ;ay &or2% th%ir ru,%(o&(thu;b $.%%2h%$
about ;ora, id%a,$ u.on bra**in* /io,%nt ;%n Th%y ar% ri*ht,y 2a,,%d 2a,a;ity ;%n, &or
tho$% ?ho brin* 2a,a;iti%$ on oth%r ;%n ar% bound to brin* 2a,a;iti%$ ba23 on
th%;$%,/%$ I a; a&raid that i$ ?hat you <6%n Hui= ?i,, b%
Th% ,u$t &or &a;%F Th% $a*%$ &ai,%d to 2onIu%r thi$ in oth%r ;%n Ho? ;u2h ?i,, you
&ai, B?ith th% -rin2% o& 8%iEH 4ut I thin3 you ;u$t ha/% $o;% .,an in ;ind Co;%, try to
t%,, ;% about it@
6%n Hui $aid, AGra/ity o& d%;%anour, di$.a$$ionat%n%$$, %n%r*y, and $in*,%n%$$ o&
.ur.o$% 1 8i,, thi$ b% ri*htH@
Chun* Ni $aid, AT%rrib,%F Ho? 2an it .o$$ib,y b% ri*htH Th% .rin2% i$ a ;a$t%r&u, ;an
and a;.,y $ho?$ it Hi$ ;ood$ ar% un2%rtain, and, $in2% h% i$ n%/%r 2ontradi2t%d by th%
;%n 2ontinua,,y around hi;, h% tra;.,%$ on oth%r .%o.,%@$ &%%,in*$ &or th% %#.r%$$
.ur.o$% o& %a$in* hi$ o?n 8% 2an d%&in% hi; a$ a ;an ?ho 2annot a22o;.,i$h th% ,itt,%
dai,y a22%$$ion$ o& /irtu% and i$, th%r%&or%, a,, th% ;or%
1 Th%r% i$ %/id%n2%, thou*h o& a ,itt,% ,at%r dat%, that Con&u2iani$t$ o&t%n *a/% a bad i;.r%$$ion throu*h th%ir
.o;.ou$ ;ora, ta,3 It i$ di&&i2u,t to b%,i%/% that Chuan* Chou i$ not h%r% ta3in* th%; o&&
188 TA" ED-ERTS
in2a.ab,% o& r%a,,y *r%at /irtu% H% ?i,, $tubborn,y r%&u$% to b% 2on/%rt%d I& h% $hou,d
a*r%% ?ith you out?ard,y, in?ard,y h% ?i,, not 2ond%;n hi;$%,& Ho? 2an you do
anythin* ?ith hi;H@
6%n Hui $aid, AI& that b% th% 2a$%, th%n I ?i,, b% in?ard,y un2o;.ro;i$in* and
out?ard,y a..%ar to 2o;.ro;i$%, and I ?i,, $ub$tantiat% B;y ?ord$E by a..%a,in* to th%
.a$t A$ &or b%in* in?ard,y un2o;.ro;i$in* I $ha,, b% a di$2i.,% o& H%a/%n1 and th% ;an
?ho i$ that 3no?$ that th% Son o& H%a/%n and hi;$%,& ar% both tr%at%d a$ $on$ by H%a/%n
8i,, a ;an ,i3% th% .rin2% b% $o indi/idua,i$ti2 a$ not to 2ar% ?h%th%r hi$ ?ord$ ?in
a..ro/a, or di$a..ro/a, &ro; ;%nH I& h% i$ $o, th%n .%o.,% ?i,, 2a,, hi; a ;%r% 2hi,d Thi$
i$ ?hat I ;%an by b%in* a di$2i.,% o& H%a/%n A$ &or out?ard,y a..%arin* to 2o;.ro;i$%, I
$ha,, b% a di$2i.,% o& ;%n, bo?in* and $2ra.in* ?ith th% ;ann%r$ o& a ;ini$t%r 8hat oth%r
;%n do, ;ay I not doH And ?h%n I do ?hat oth%r$ do, ?i,, th%y 2%n$ur% ;% &or itH Thi$ i$
?hat I ;%an by b%in* a di$2i.,% o& ;%n A$ &or $ub$tantiatin* B;y ?ord$E by a..%a,in* to
th% .a$t, I $ha,, b% a di$2i.,% o& antiIuity A,thou*h I $ha,, $.%a3 ?ith ;ora, authority and
;a3% a2tua, 2ond%;nation$, it ?i,, not b% I but antiIuity doin* it In thi$ ?ay a,thou*h I b%
u.ri*ht I $ha,, not b% di$,i3%d Thi$ i$ ?hat I ;%an by b%in* a di$2i.,% o& antiIuity 8i,,
$o;%thin* ,i3% thi$ b% ri*htH@
Chun* Ni $aid, AHo? 2an it .o$$ib,y b% ri*htH Th%r% i$ too ;u2h .uttin* o& thin*$ to
ri*ht$ and no $.yin* out o& ?%a3 $.ot$ 6ou ;ay b% .%r$i$t%nt, but th%r% ?i,, b% no bad
2on$2i%n2% r%$u,tin* Ho?%/%r thin*$ ;ay *o, you ?i,, on,y 2o;% to a $tand$ti,, BTh%
.rob,%; i$,E ho? i$ it .o$$ib,% to ;a3% th% .rin2% 2han*% hi;$%,& a$ i& hi$ o?n ;ind ?a$
t%a2hin* hi;H@
6%n Hui $aid, AI 2an *o no &urth%r I /%ntur% to a$3 you &or th% ri*ht .,an@
Chun* Ni $aid, A:a$tF And I ?i,, t%,, you that ?h%r% th%r% i$ &a$tin* it i$ no %a$y ;att%r
I& a ;an do%$ ;a3% an %a$y ;att%r o& it Mth% $hinin* h%a/%n$ 2ontradi2t hi;N@
6%n Hui $aid, A!y &a;i,y i$ .oor :or a nu;b%r o&
CHUANG CH"U 18'
;onth$ I ha/% not ta$t%d %ith%r ?in% or ;%at !ay thi$ b% ta3%n a$ &a$tin*H@
Chun* Ni $aid, AThi$ i$ th% &a$tin* in r%,ation to $a2ri&i2in* It i$ not &a$tin* o& th%
;ind Int%*rat% your ?i,, BThu$E do not ,i$t%n ?ith your %ar$, but ,i$t%n ?ith your
;ind Do not ,i$t%n ?ith your ;ind, but ,i$t%n ?ith your /ita, &or2% "rdinary $%n$%(
h%arin* do%$ not *o b%yond th% %ar$, and th% ;ind do%$ not *o b%yond $y;bo,$ <i% id%a$
about thin*$ not a2tua,iti%$= Th% /ita, &or2% i$ %ntir%,y n%*ati/% and ?ait$ on thin*$
Bout$id% on%@$ $%,&E Th% Tao brin*$ to*%th%r a,, n%*ati/%n%$$ Bin it$%,&E, and thi$
n%*ati/%n%$$ i$ th% &a$tin* o& th% ;ind@
6%n Hui $aid, AI ha/% not b%*un to $%t thi$ .ro2%$$ *oin*,
and th% truth i$, it i$ b%2au$% I a; ;y$%,&, an indi/idua, I& I had $%t thi$ .ro2%$$ *oin*,
th%r% ?ou,d ha/% b%%n no Hui, an indi/idua, I$ it ri*ht to $.%a3 o& n%*ati/%n%$$H@
Th% !a$t%r $aid, AEntir%,y ri*htF I ?i,, t%,, you I& you 2an *o in and ?and%r &r%%,y in
thi$ .rin2%@$ 2a*% ?ithout a&&%2tin* hi$ r%.utation in any ?ay1 b%in* B2a*%d u.E in$id%
and y%t 2ro?in* 2h%%r&u,,y, not b%in* B2a*%d u.E in$id% and y%t 2ontinua,,y th%r%, 1 ?ith
no d%.r%$$ion and no ;a,i2%, thi$ b%in* your %ntir% ho;% in $.it% o& your ,i/in* th%r%
b%in* b%2au$% you 2annot h%,. it7 Bi& you 2an do thi$E th%n you ?i,, b% n%ar to $u22%$$ To
ta3% no $t%.$ at a,, i$ %a$y7 to ?a,3 ?ithout tou2hin* th% *round, that i$ th% di&&i2u,ty
A,$o i& you a2t und%r th% 2o;.u,$ion o& ;%n, th%r% i$ no di&&i2u,ty about .r%t%ndin*1 but
th%r% i$ i& you a2t und%r th% 2o;.u,$ion o& H%a/%n 8% ha/% h%ard o& &,yin* ?ith ?in*$,
but not o& &,yin* ?ithout th%;, I ha/% h%ard o& 3no?in* ?ith 3no?,%d*%, but not o&
3no?in* ?ithout 3no?,%d*%
A $%2ond an%2dot% &o,,o?$, in ?hi2h Con&u2iu$ a..%ar$ a*ain a$ th% 2%ntra, &i*ur%
Thi$ ti;% h% i$ a..roa2h%d by an o&&i2ia, to ?ho; a $tat% ;i$$ion ha$ b%%n %ntru$t%d, and
?ho i$ /%ry ?orri%d o/%r it$ di&&i2u,ty Th% ad/i2% Con&u2iu$ i$ r%.r%$%nt%d a$ *i/in* ha$,
o& 2our$%, a $tron* Taoi$t t?i$t to it In $o;% o& th% $%nti;%nt$, ho?%/%r, th%
Con&u2iani$t$@ ;ind .%%.$ out Th% &o,,o?in* i$ a *ood %#a;.,% o& th% t?o $train$
1 4y $ub$titutin* erh &or tse in th%$% t?o 2,au$%$ it i$ .o$$ib,% to *%t a
,i3%,y ;%anin* ?ithout atta2hin* &or2%d ;%anin*$ to th% oth%r ?ord$

1'L TA" ED-ERTS

Chun* Ni $aid, A"ur hu;an ?or,d ha$ t?o ;ora, $a&%(*uard$, th% on% &at%, th% oth%r
duty A 2hi,d@$ ,o/% o& it$ .ar%nt$ i$ &at%1 and it i$ i;.o$$ib,% &or th% 2hi,d@$ h%art to b%
,oo$%d &ro; thi$ ,o/% A $ubG%2t@$ $%r/i2% o& hi$ .rin2% i$ duty Go ?h%r% you ?i,, th%r% i$ a
.rin2%, $o that thi$ duty i$ in%$2a.ab,% b%t?%%n h%a/%n and %arth Th%$% ar% th% t?o ;ora,
$a&%*uard$ Th%r%&or%, to $%r/% on%@$ .ar%nt$ in 2ont%nt;%nt ?ithout r%*ard to th% .,a2%,
thi$ i$ th% h%i*ht o& &i,ia, .i%ty To $%r/% on%@$ .rin2% in 2ont%nt;%nt ?ithout r%*ard to th%
bu$in%$$ %ntai,%d, thi$ i$ th% $u.r%;% %#hibition o& ,oya,ty So, Bin any di&&i2u,t bu$in%$$
$u2h a$ a $tat% 2o;;i$$ion,E in th% $%r/i2% o& your h%art to ha/% no 2han*% in your
%;otion$ &ro; ?hat th%y ?%r% b%&or%, to 3no? ?hat i$ in%/itab,% in th% bu$in%$$ and b%
2ont%nt ?ith th%$% 2ondition$ a$ your &at%, thi$ i$ th% h%i*ht o& /irtu% A$ a $ubG%2t or a $on
a ;an 2on$tant,y ha$ bu$in%$$ &or2%d on hi;1 but in d%a,in* ?ith th% a2tua,iti%$ o& th%
bu$in%$$ h% 2an &or*%t hi$ o?n .%r$ona, 2on2%rn$, and $o ha$ no ,%i$ur% &or ,o/in*,i&% or
hatin* d%ath It i$ Iuit% .o$$ib,%, $ir, to *o &or?ard Rid% %/%nt$ ?ith a &r%% ;ind R%,y on
th% una/oidab,% to nouri$h 2%ntra,ity Bo& ;indE Thi$ i$ .%r&%2tion@
Chapter C The 7reat Father of 8ll Teachers.
Th% ;an ?ho 3no?$ th% a2tion$ o& H%a/%n and 3no?$ th% a2tion$ o& ;%n, that ;an i$
.%r&%2t To 3no? th% a2tion$ o& H%a/%n i$ to b% H%a/%n and a,i/% To 3no? ;%n@$ a2tion$
i$ to &%%d ?hat i$ un3no?n by ;%an$ o& ?hat i$ 3no?n1 and to r%a2h th% %nd o& on%@$
natura, $.an .it H%a/%n@$ y%ar$= ?ithout b%in* 2ut o&& ha,&(?ay Thi$ i$ to ad/an2% in
3no?,%d*%
BTh% Natur% o& Tru% 9no?,%d*% i$ to b% ,%arnt &ro; th%
Natur% o& th% Tru% !anE
Non% th% ,%$$ th%r% i$ 2au$% &or an#i%ty :or 3no?,%d*% to b%2o;% %#a2t, 3no?,%d*%
d%.%nd$ on $o;%thin* %,$%,
CHUANG CH"U 1'1
thou*h ?hat it d%.%nd$ on i$ &ar &ro; b%in* 2%rtain Ho? do ?% 3no? that ?hat ?% 2a,,
H%a/%n i$ not ;an, and ?hat ?% 2a,, ;an i$ not H%a/%nH 8%,,, th%r% i$ th% tru% ;an b%&or%
th%r% i$ tru% 3no?,%d*%7 and Bth% Iu%$tion i$E ?hat i$ ;%ant by a tru% ;an Th% tru% ;an o&
antiIuity did not *o 2ount%r to th% &%? H% had no h%roi2 a2hi%/%;%nt$ H% ;ad% no .,an$
4%in* ?hat h% ?a$, ?h%n h% ;ad% ;i$ta3%$ h% did not r%*r%t th%; 8h%n h% ?a$ %#a2t,y
ri*ht, h% ?a$ not $%,&(2o;.,a2%nt 4%in* ?hat h% ?a$, h% 2ou,d $2a,% th% h%i*ht$ ?ithout
,o$in* hi$ n%r/%, 2ou,d %nt%r ?at%r ?ithout &%%,in* ?%t, %nt%r &ir% ?ithout &%%,in* hot Thi$
i$ th% ;an ?ho$% 3no?,%d*% 2an *%t hi*h%r in th% Tao
Th% tru% ;an o& antiIuity had no dr%a;$ ?hi,% h% $,%.t and ?o3% u. ?ithout any &%%,in*
o& an#i%ty In %atin* h% had no $%n$% o& th% $?%%t Hi$ br%athin* ?a$ d%%.1 &or th% tru% ;an
br%ath%$ &ro; hi$ h%%,$, ?hi,$t in ;o$t .%o.,% th%ir br%athin* i$ &ro; th%ir throat$, and th%
;an ?ho i$ 2ru$h%d by d%&%at r%t2h%$ hi$ ?ord$ out a$ i& h% ?%r% /o;itin* :or a ;an@$
.a$$ion$ to *o d%%. i$ &or hi$ in$tin2t o& /ita, r%$i,i%n2% <,it h%a/%n,y $.rin*= to b% $ha,,o?
Th% tru% ;an o& antiIuity ?a$ not 2on$2iou$ o& ,o/in* ,i&% and hatin* d%ath A$ ,i&%
o.%n%d out, h% did not ,on* &or Goy A$ h% %nt%r%d Bth% $hado? o& d%athE h% did not han*
ba23 Li3% a bird h% &,%? a?ay, Gu$t a$ ,i3% a bird h% 2a;%7 that ?a$ a,, H% did not &or*%t
hi$ b%*innin*, or ha/% any d%$ir% about ?hat hi$ %nd ;i*ht b% H% r%2%i/%d B?hat 2a;% to
hi;E and too3 .,%a$ur% in it1 and th%n h% &or*ot it and r%2%i/%d it a*ain That i$ to $ay, h%
did not inGur% th% Tao ?ith hi$ B2on$2iou$E ;ind, nor did h% $u..,%;%nt H%a/%n ?ith ;an
Thi$ i$ ?hat i$ ;%ant by a tru% ;an
4%in* ?hat h% ?a$, h% ?a$ ab$%nt(;ind%d, 1 hi$ ;ann%r tranIui,, ?ith a .ur% bro? a$
2oo, a$ autu;n and a$ ;i,d a$ $.rin*, in hi$ Goy and an*%r &o,,o?in* th% ;o/%;%nt o& th%
&our $%a$on$, and $o &ittin* in ?ith thin*$ <i% hi$ %n/iron;%nt= that h% ?a$ not 2on$2iou$
o& any ,i;it to hi$
1 A22%.tin* 8an* !ou(hun*@$ %;%ndation o& chih to /an'.
1') TA" ED-ERTS
doin* $o Thu$ it i$ that a $a*% in hi$ %;.,oy;%nt o& ar;$ ;i*ht d%$troy a 2ountry and y%t
not ,o$% th% a&&%2tion o& th% .%o.,% Hi$ b%n%&it$ ;i*ht &,o? do?n throu*h a ;yriad a*%$
and y%t h% not b% 2on$2iou$,y &ond o& ;%n And thu$ it i$ that d%,ib%rat%,y to r%Goi2% in
b%in* i;.r%*nat%d ?ith thin*$ i$ to b% anythin* but a $a*%7 d%,ib%rat%,y to b% atta2h%d to
.%o.,% i$ to b% anythin* but b%n%/o,%nt7 d%,ib%rat%,y to ?ait &or h%a/%n(*i/%n o..ortuniti%$
i$ to b% anythin* but a ?i$% ;an7 d%,ib%rat%,y to ;a3% .ro&it in on% dir%2tion in ord%r not to
%ntai, ,o$$ in anoth%r i$ to b% anythin* but a ;an o& .ra2ti2a, .rin2i.,%$1 Gu$t a$ to ,o$%
on%@$ $%,& &or th% $a3% o& on%@$ r%.utation i$ to b% anythin* but a *ood .ub,i2 $%r/ant, and
to d%$troy on%@$ 2hara2t%r and b% un.rin2i.,%d i$ to b% anythin* but a *ood .ri/at% $%r/ant
!%n ,i3% Hu -u Chi%h, 8u 9uan*, -o I, Shu Ch@i, Chi T>u, H$u 6u, Chi T@o, and Sh%n
T@u Ti ?%r% th% $%r/ant$ o& $%r/ant$, ?%r% 6%$(;%n to 6%$(;%n and $o did not $ay 6%$ to
?hat ?a$ a&&ir;%d in th%;$%,/%$
Thu$ it i$ that ?hat th% tru% ;an ,i3%d ?a$ r%du2%d to on% Bthin*E and ?hat h% did not
,i3% ?a$ r%du2%d to on% Bthin*E1 and, $in2% th% on% and it$ antith%$i$ ar% %Iua,,y on%, in th%
on% r%$.%2t th% tru% ;an a2t$ a$ a di$2i.,% o& H%a/%n and in th% oth%r r%$.%2t h% a2t$ a$ a
di$2i.,% o& ;%n In hi; n%ith%r H%a/%n <i% th% tran$2%nd%nt and int%*rat%d %,%;%nt in
Natur%= nor ;an <i% th% hu;an and unint%*rat%d %,%;%nt in Natur%= 2onIu%r$ th% oth%r
Thi$ ?hat i$ ;%ant by a tru% ;an
Li&% and d%ath ar% both B;att%r$ o&E &at% Th%y ha/% th% r%*u,arity o& ni*ht $u22%%din*
day1 &or H%a/%n i$ ?hat ;an 2annot int%r&%r% ?ith in th% a2tua,ity o& a,, 2r%ation Tho$%
;%n ?ho in a $.%2ia, ?ay r%*ard H%a/%n a$ :ath%r and ha/%, a$ it ?%r%, a .%r$ona, ,o/% &or
it, ho? ;u2h ;or% $hou,d th%y ,o/% ?hat i$ abo/% BH%a/%n a$ :ath%rEF "th%r ;%n in a
$.%2ia, ?ay r%*ard th%ir ru,%r$ a$ b%tt%r than th%;$%,/%$, and th%y, a$ it ?%r%, .%r$ona,,y
di% &or th%; Ho? ;u2h ;or% $hou,d th%y di% &or ?hat i$ tru%r than a
CHUANG CH"U 1'3
ru,%rF 8h%n th% $.rin*$ dry u., th% &i$h ar% a,, to*%th%r on dry ,and Th%y th%n ;oi$t%n
%a2h oth%r ?ith th%ir da;.n%$$ and 3%%. %a2h oth%r ?%t ?ith th%ir $,i;% 4ut thi$ i$ not to
b% 2o;.ar%d ?ith th%ir &or*%ttin* %a2h oth%r in a ri/%r or a ,a3% Th% $a;% ?ith
B%/%rybodyE .rai$in* th% Sa*%(3in* 6ao and d%noun2in* th% /i,,ain Chi%h7 it i$ b%tt%r to
&or*%t th%; both and tran$;ut% th%ir di&&%r%nt ?ay$
Th% Gr%at !a$$ ,oad$ ;% u. ?ith a body, *i/%$ ;% th% ,abour o& ,i/in*, %a$%$ ;% o&&
?ith o,d a*%, and *i/%$ ;% r%$t ?ith d%ath Thu$ it i$ that that ?hi2h ;a3%$ ;y ,i&% a *ood
i$ a,$o that ?hi2h ;a3%$ ;y d%ath a *ood
A ;an@$ .ro.%rty i$ $aid to b% $a&% %nou*h ?h%n hi$ boat i$ ,aid u. in a 2r%%3 and hi$
&i$hin* n%t .ut by in $ha,,o? ?at%r 4ut a $tron* ;an 2an 2o;% in th% ;idd,% o& th% ni*ht
and 2arry th%$% thin*$ o&& ?ithout th% $,%%.%r$ 3no?in* anythin* about it In $torin* thin*$,
?h%th%r $;a,, on%$ or bi*, th%r% i$ a Iu%$tion a$ to th% ri*ht ?ay Th%r% i$ a 2han2% o& th%ir
b%in* ,o$t Su..o$%, th%n, you $tor% u. ;an@$ ?or,d in ;an@$ ?or,d, i$ th%r% no 2han2% o&
it$ b%in* ,o$tH Thi$ i$ th% *r%at &a2t about thin*$ and th%ir 2ontinuity Thu$, a,thou*h to b%
.att%rn%d in th% &or; o& a ;an i$ $o;%thin* to b% ;or% or ,%$$ .,%a$%d about, th% $our2% o&
Goy b%yond a,, r%23onin* ,i%$ in th% &a2t that a thin* ,i3% ;an@$ body ha$ a ;yriad
tran$&or;ation$, and th%r% n%/%r ha$ b%%n any ,i;it to th%;
Thu$ it i$ that a $a*% ?and%r$ &r%%,y in th% &a2t that thin*$ 2annot b% ,o$t but ar% a,,
.r%$%r/%d To hi; to di% youn*, to *ro? o,d, th% b%*innin* and th% %nd o& ,i&% ar% a,, *ood1
and oth%r ;%n $hou,d 2o.y th%; in thi$ Ho? ;u2h ;or% $hou,d th%y 2o.y that ?hi2h i$
th% ,in3 o& a,, 2r%ation, that on ?hi2h th% on% and on,y .ro2%$$ o& %/o,ution d%.%nd$ Th%
Tao ha$ r%a,ity and %/id%n2%, but it ha$ no B$.%2i&i2E a2tion, no $.%2i&i2 &or; It 2an b%
tran$;itt%d, but it 2annot b% B2on$2iou$,yE r%2%i/%d It 2an b% attain%d, but it 2annot b% $%%n
B?h%n it i$ obtain%dE It i$ $%,&(root%d and %#i$t%d b%&or% th% h%a/%n$ and th% %arth :ro; o&
o,d it ha$ 2ontinu%d ?ithout 2%a$in* It i$ th% *od$, th% Di/in%
1'0 TA" ED-ERTS
Ru,%r It .rodu2%d th% h%a/%n$7 it .rodu2%d th% %arth
It i$ abo/% th% hi*h%$t and ,o?%$t .oint$ in $.a2%, a,thou*h
it i$ n%ith%r hi*h nor ,o? E#i$tin* b%&or% th% h%a/%n$
and th% %arth and o,d%r than th% o,d%$t antiIuity, it i$
n%ith%r o,d nor $ho?$ $i*n$ o& a*% H$i 8%i obtain%d it
and th%r%by adGu$t%d th% h%a/%n$ and th% %arth :u H$i
obtain%d it and th%r%by *a/% a doub,% ori*in to ;att%r 1
Th% Gr%at 4%ar obtain%d it and $o ha$ n%/%r ,%&t it$ 2our$%
Th% $un and ;oon obtain%d it and $o ha/% n%/%r 2%a$%d
Br%/o,/in*E 9@an -@i ) obtain%d it and th%r%by %nt%r%d
th% h%art o& th% ?or,d <,it th% 9@un Lun !ountain$= :%n*
6i obtain%d it and th%r%by ?and%r%d by th% Gr%at Ri/%r
Chi%n 8u obtain%d it and th%r%by ;ad% hi$ ho;% on
!ount Tai Th% 6%,,o? E;.%ror obtain%d it and th%r%by
a$2%nd%d th% 2,oudy h%a/%n$ Chuan H$u obtain%d it and
th%r%by ;ad% hi$ ho;% in th% Dar3 -a,a2% 6u Ch@ian*
obtain%d it and $tood by th% North -o,% H$i 8an* Niu
obtain%d it and $o *ain%d h%r $%at on th% Shao 9uan*,
and no on% 3no?$ h%r b%*innin* or h%r %nd Grand&ath%r
-@%n* obtain%d it and $o ,i/%d &ro; th% a*% o& Shun to th%
a*% o& th% :i/% -rin2%$ :u 6u%h obtain%d it and th%r%(
by b%2a;% 8u T%n*@$ ;ini$t%r and J$ooth%d th% ?ho,%
2ountry B8h%n h% di%dE h% ;ount%d thi$ and that 2on(
$t%,,ation and .ut hi;$%,& on a ,%/%, ?ith th% $tar$
Nan -o T>u 9u%i a$3%d Nu Chu ho? it ?a$ that h%, an
o,d ;an, y%t had th% &a2% o& a 2hi,d Th% r%.,y ?a$ that
h% had h%ard o& th% Tao, at ?hi2h Nan -o T>u 9u%i a$3%d
hi; ?h%th%r h% 2ou,d ,%arn th% Tao Nu Chu $aid, AHo?
2an youH 6ou ar% not it$ 3ind o& ;an -u Lian* 6i
had th% *i&t$ o& a $a*% but not th% Tao o& a $a*%, ?hi,$t I
ha/% th% Tao o& a $a*% but not th% *i&t$ I ?i$h%d to t%a2h
hi; in th% ho.% that h% ;i*ht .%rha.$ b%2o;% a r%a, $a*%
I h%,d hi; &or thr%% day$ und%r ;y t%a2hin*, a&t%r
?hi2h h% ?a$ ab,% to .ay no att%ntion to th% hu;an ?or,d
H% ha/in* r%a2h%d thi$ $ta*%, I h%,d hi; &or $%/%n day$,
1 Thi$ a..%ar$ to b% a r%&%r%n2% to :u H$i a$ th% di$2o/%r%r o& th% 6in
and th% 6an*
) Th% $.irit o& th% ;ountain$, ?ith th% &a2% o& a ;an and th% body o& an ani;a,
CHUANG CH"U 1'5
a&t%r ?hi2h h% ?a$ ab,% to .ay no att%ntion to B%#t%rna,E
obG%2t$ Bo& any 3indE H% ha/in* r%a2h%d thi$ $ta*%, I h%,d
hi; &or nin% day$, a&t%r ?hi2h h%O ?a$ ab,% to .ay no att%n(
tion to hi$ o?n %#i$t%n2% A&t%r that h% ?a$ i,,u;in%d
4%in* in a $tat% o& i,,u;ination b% ?a$ ab,% to $%% on%n%$$
4%in* ab,% to $%% on%n%$$, h% ?a$ th%n ab,%,to ha/% no .a$t
and .r%$%nt Ha/in* no .a$t and .r%$%nt, h% ?a$ th%n
a ,% to %nt%r into not(dyin* and not(,i/in*, in ?hi2h $tat%
th% d%$tru2tion o& ,i&% i$ not d%ath and in2r%a$% o& ,i&% i$ not
,i&% A$ a thin* hi;$%,& h% ?a$ a,?ay$ in 2o;.any B?ith
oth%r thin*$E and a,?ay$ ?%,2o;in* th%;, a,?ay$ b%in*
d%$troy%d and a,?ay$ b%in* 2o;.,%t%d Th% na;% o& thi$
$tat% o& b%in* i$ Mbab%(,i3% .%a2%N1 and th% ;an ?ith thi$
.%a2% i$ a bab% on th% ?ay to 2o;.,%t%n%$$@
T>u S$u, T>u 6u, T>u Li, and T>u Lai, &our ;%n in 2on(
/%r$ation ?ith %a2h oth%r, $aid that ?ho%/%r 2ou,d ;a3%
nothin* th% h%ad Bo& %#i$t%n2%E, ,i&% th% ba23bon%, and d%ath
th% ru;., ?ho%/%r 3n%? that ,i&% and d%ath, $ur/i/a, and
non($ur/i/a, ?%r% a,, on% body, that ;an ?a$ th%ir &ri%nd
Th%y th%n ,oo3%d at %a2h oth%r and $;i,%d, &or th%y ?%r%
in 2o;.,%t% a*r%%;%nt Con$%Iu%nt,y th%y b%2a;% &ri%nd$
Not ,on* a&t%r?ard$ T>u 6u &%,, i,, and T>u S$u ?%nt to
inIuir% about hi; Hi$ ba23 ?a$ a,, hun2h%d u., hi$ &i/%
/i$2%ra a,, rai$%d u., hi$ 2h%%3$ do?n by hi$ na/%,, hi$
$hou,d%r$ abo/% th% to. o& hi$ h%ad, ?ith a hu*% ?%n .oint(
in* to th% $3y, a,, th% /ita, %n%r*y o& th% 6in and 6an* in
di$ord%r in hi; 4ut hi$ ;ind ?a$ not in th% ,%a$t .%r(
turb%d by thi$ H% ,i;.%d a,on* to a ?%,, and ,oo3%d at
hi;$%,& and %#2,ai;%d, AHo? a;a>in* o& th% Cr%ator o&
thin*$ to ;a3% ;% d%&or;%d in thi$ ?ayF 8hy $hou,d I
di$,i3% itH Su..o$in* ;y ,%&t ar; ?%r% to b% tran$&or;%d
into a 2o23, th% r%$u,t ?ou,d b% that I $hou,d ;ar3 th% ti;%
at ni*ht Su..o$in* ;y ri*ht $hou,d%r ?%r% tran$&or;%d
into a 2ro$$(bo?, th% r%$u,t ?ou,d b% that I $hou,d *%t
broi,%d du23 Su..o$in* that ;y butto23$ ?%r% tran$(
&or;%d into a ?h%%, and ;y $.irit into a hor$%, th% r%$u,t
?ou,d b% that I $hou,d rid% in ;y 2arria*% Ho? 2ou,d
th%r% b% anythin* ;or% honourab,% than thatH 8hat i$
1'C TA" ED-ERTS
;or%, to *ain i$ to hit th% ri*ht ;o;%nt, to ,o$% i$ to a22%.t th% in%/itab,%7 to b% 2ont%nt
?ith th% *ood &ortun% and to b% at ho;% ?ith th% bad i$ to 3%%. $orro? and Goy at a
di$tan2%1 and thi$ ?a$ d%$2rib%d o& o,d a$ ,ib%ration Th% ;%n ?ho 2annot ,ib%rat%
th%;$%,/%$ ar% %ntan*,%d in ;at%ria, thin*$1 and, ?hat i$ ;or% $ti,,, H%a/%n 2ontinu%$,
and thin*$ do not %Iua, H%a/%n in that 8hy $hou,d I di$,i3% ?hat ha$ ha..%n%dH@
<8h%n T>u Lai &%,, i,,, T>u Li ?%nt to inIuir% and &ound hi; at th% .oint o& d%ath H%
to,d th% ?i&% and 2hi,dr%n that th%r% ?a$ no r%a$on to b% di$tr%$$%d o/%r th% tran$&or;ation
that d%ath ?a$, and ?ond%r%d ?hat dao hua B%/o,utionE ?ou,d ;a3% o& hi$ &ri%nd, .%rha.$
th% ,i/%r o& a rat or th% ar; o& an in$%2t=
T>u Lai $aid, A8h%r%/%r it ;ay b%, north, $outh, %a$t, or ?%$t, ?h%n a &ath%r or ;oth%r
*i/%$ ord%r$ to a $on, h% ob%y$ Th% 6in and 6an* ar% %Iua,,y a ;an@$ &ath%r and ;oth%r
I& th%y brin* ;% to th% .oint o& d%ath and I a; un?i,,in*, th%n I a; b%in* h%ad$tron*
Th%y do no ?ron* to ;% Ta3% no? a *r%at iron$;ith $;%,tin* ;%ta,1 i& th% ;%ta, $hou,d
,%a. u. and $ay, MI ;u$t b% ;ad% into an E#2a,ibur,N th% *r%at $;ith ?ou,d b% bound to
r%*ard th% ;%ta, a$ i,,(o;%n%d So no?, th% ;o;%nt th%r% 2o;%$ an atta23 on a ;an@$
body, to in$i$t that it ;u$t 2ontinu% a$ a ;an, thi$ ?ou,d ;a3% th% Cr%ator o& thin*$ $%%
hi; a$ a da;nab,% &%,,o? So no? th% ;o;%nt ?% ta3% h%a/%n and %arth a$ a *r%at
;%,tin*(.ot and %/o,ution a$ a *r%at $;%,tin*, ho? 2an ?% obG%2t to *oin* a?ay Bto
$o;%?h%r% %,$%EH Co;.,%t%d a$ ?% ar%, ?% *o to $,%%.7 .a$$in* out a$ ?% do, ?% a?a3%@
T>u 6u and T>u San* ?%r% &ri%nd$, and on2% ?h%n it had b%%n rainin* &or t%n day$ T>u
6u b%2a;% a,ar;%d ,%$t hi$ &ri%nd ?a$ i,,1 $o h% .r%.ar%d $o;% &ood to ta3% to hi; 8h%n
h% arri/%d at th% door o& th% hou$%, th%r% ?a$ a $ound o& $o;%thin* b%t?%%n $in*in* and
;oanin* ?ith th% .,ayin* o& a ,ut%7 A" &ath%r, " ;oth%r, " H%a/%n, " ;anF@ Th% /oi2%
?a$ hard,y audib,% and th% rhyth; ?a$ un%/%n T>u
CHUANG CH"U 1'5
6u ?%nt in and a$3%d T>u San* ?hy h% ?a$ $in*in* in thi$
?ay Th% r%.,y ?a$, AI a; thin3in* ?ho it i$ ?ho ha$
brou*ht ;% to thi$ .it2h o& di$tr%$$1 and I 2annot thin3 ?ho
it i$ !y &ath%r and ;oth%r $ur%,y 2ou,d not ?i$h ;% to b%
?ithout ;%an$ o& ,i/in* H%a/%n 2o/%r$ a,, thin*$ and
Earth $u..ort$ a,, thin*$ ?ithout any .artia,ity Sur%,y
th%y 2ou,d not ?i$h ;% in .arti2u,ar to b% ?ithout th%
;%an$ o& ,i/in* I ?ant to 3no? ?ho i$ r%$.on$ib,% &or
thi$, but I 2annot di$2o/%r 4ut th%r% ;u$t b% $o;%body
?ho ha$ brou*ht ;% to thi$ .a$$ It i$ &at%@
Chapter 9. To Fulfil #the 7overnment% of the #0eal% :in's.
6%h Ch@u%h 1 ?%nt to .ut .rob,%;$ to 8an* 6i H% .ut &our $u2h, but 8an* 6i did not
3no? about any o& th%; 6%h Ch@u%h dan2%d ?ith Goy o/%r thi$ and to,d -u 6i T>u
-u 6i T>u $aid, ASo you on,y 3no? thi$ no?H Th% Sa*%(3in* Shun did not 2o;.ar% ?ith
:u H$i Shun ?a$ a,, &or b%n%/o,%n2% in hi$ d%/otion to ;%n, and ?hat i$ ;or%, h% ?on
th%ir d%/otion, but h% n%/%r b%*an to *%t out into th% not(;an <H .art o& th% uni/%r$%= :u
H$i $,%.t *%nt,y and a?o3% ?ith a ,on* $tar% At on% ti;% h% ?ou,d ta3% hi;$%,& to b% a
hor$%, at anoth%r an o# Hi$ 3no?,%d*% ?a$ a2tua, and to b% tru$t%d, th% /irtu% in hi;
i;;%n$%,y tru%1 but h% n%/%r b%*an to *%t in$id% th% not(;anJ
Chi%n 8u ) ?%nt to $%% 9@uan* Chi%h 6u Chi%h 6u a$3%d hi; ?hat 6u%h Chun* Shih
had b%%n ta,3in* to hi; about1 and Chi%n 8u r%.,i%d that h% had to,d hi; about ru,%r$ and
th%ir ;a3in* th%;$%,/%$ a$ .att%rn$ in r%,ation to th% ,a?$ th%y .ro;u,*at%d, $o that
nobody dar%d di$ob%y or 2han*% th%;
9@uan* Chi%h 6u $aid, AThi$ i$ th% /%ry d%2%.tion o& ;ora, .o?%r A,, thi$ *o/%rnin* o&
th% Gr%at So2i%ty i$ ,i3% tryin* to ?ad% throu*h th% $%a, or to bor% a ho,%
1 Th%$% thr%% na;%$ ar% .robab,y .arabo,i2a,7 thu$ 6%h Ch@u%h, G%t
hi$(t%%th(into(.%o.,%@$(d%&i2i%n2i%$1 8an* 6i, 9in*,y(,itt,%n%$$1 -u 6i
T>u, T%a2h%r(?ho(?or%(2,oth%$(o&(ru$h%$
) :or th%$% na;%$ I $u**%$t 4urd%n%d(?ith(hi;$%,&, !ad%(?%,2o;%(th%(
?%i*htB(o&(thin*$E, and Ta,3(on(;idd,%$(and(b%*innin*$
1'8 TA" ED-ERTS
throu*h a ri/%r, or to $%t a ;o$Iuito to ?or3 on 2arryin* a ;ountain Th% 2ontro, %#%r2i$%d
by th% $a*%$ ?a$ out$id% .o,iti2a, 2ontro,,in* It 2on$i$t%d in *%ttin* on th% ri*ht ba$i$
b%&or% th%y did anythin*, in b%in* Iuit% 2%rtain on% 2an do ?hat ha$ to b% don% 6ou $%%, a
bird &,i%$ hi*h to a/oid inGury &ro; bo,t or dart1 and a ;ou$% burro?$ d%%. into th%
$a2ri&i2ia, ;ound to a/oid th% dan*%r o& b%in* $;o3%d or du* out And do $a*%$ not
2o;.ar% ?ith th%$% t?o 2r%atur%$H@
T@i%n 9%n* 1 ?a$ ?and%rin* in th% n%i*hbourhood o& 6in 6an* and 2a;% to th% ri/%r
Liao Th%r% h% ha..%n%d to ;%%t a ;an ?ithout a na;% ?ho; h% a$3%d about $o2i%ty Th%
;an ?ithout a na;% r%.,i%d, AGo a?ay, you ,o? &%,,o? 8hy thi$ i,,(.r%.ar%d Iu%$tionH I
?a$ Gu$t about to 2o;.anion th% Cr%ator o& a,, I& I r%noun2% th% ?or,d, I 2an rid% on th%
bird o& un$%,&(2on$2iou$n%$$ and *o out b%yond $.a2%, ?and%r in th% /i,,a*% o& No?h%r%
and ;a3% ;y ho;% in th% o.%n 2ountry o& E;.tin%$$ 8hy do you 2o;% troub,in* ;% ?ith
;a3in* ord%r in $o2i%tyH S%t your ;ind to ?and%r in $i;.,i2ity, har;oni>% your$%,& ?ith
non(di$tin2tion :o,,o? thin*$ a$ th%y ar% and do not *i/% ?ay to .%r$ona, bia$ So2i%ty
?i,, thu$ b% ord%r%d@
6an* T>u Chu ?%nt to $%% Lao Tan and $aid, ASu..o$% ?% ha/% a ;an, /i*orou$ and
$%,&(r%,iant, &ar($i*ht%d and ind%&ati*ab,% in ,%arnin* $ound .rin2i.,%$ 8ou,d $u2h a ;an
2o;.ar% ?ith th% ?i$% 3in*$ Bo& o,dEH@ Lao Tan $aid, ACo;.ar%d ?ith a $a*%, $u2h a ;an
?ou,d b% Gu$t an und%r,in*, a hand in a ?or3$ho., $,a/in* a?ay in a $tat% o& a..r%h%n$ion
4%$id%$, b%2au$% o& th%ir b%auti&u, ;ar3in*$ ti*%r$ and ,%o.ard$ ar% hunt%d do?n, and
;on3%y$ and do*$ ar% 3%.t on 2hain$ b%2au$% th%y ar% 2,%/%r at ta,3in* and 2at2hin* rat$
Ar% 2r%atur%$ to b%J 2o;.ar%d ?ith th% ?i$% 3in*$H@
6an* T>u Chu ,oo3%d di$$ati$&i%d and b%**%d &or an %#.o$ition o& th% ?i$% 3in*$@
*o/%rn;%nt Lao Tan $aid, ATh%ir *o/%rn;%nt ?a$ on% o& a2hi%/%;%nt$ ?hi2h 2o/%r%d
1 I $u**%$t Ath% ;an ?ho ?ant%d to ha/% hi$ root$ in H%a/%n,J i% on% o& tho$% .%r$%/%rin* .%o.,% ?ho a..%ar
a$ butt$ in thi$ boo3, ;%n ?ho ?ant to do th% ri*ht but ar% 2on/%ntiona,,y(;ind%d
CHUANG CH"U 1''
th% ?ho,% Gr%at So2i%ty but ?hi2h did not a..%ar to 2o;% &ro; th%; Th%y turn%d natura,
thin*$ into arti2,%$ o& u$% $o that th% .%o.,% 2ou,d ,oo3 a&t%r th%;$%,/%$ Th%r% ?%r% $o;%
?ho$% na;%$ ar% not %/%n 3no?n Th%y Gu$t ;ad% %/%rythin* .,%a$%d ?ith it$%,&, ?hi,$t
th%y ;aintain%d th%ir .oi$% in th% in2o;;%n$urab,%, and ?and%r%d in th% non(%#i$t%nt@
BTh% &o,,o?in* i$ in th% &ir$t .%r$on, .r%$u;ab,y &ro;
Chuan* Chou hi;$%,&E
Ina2tion i$ th% r%a, .art 1 o& &a;%, th% $tor%hou$% o& a,, .,an$, th% r%$.on$ib,% h%ad o&
a,, bu$in%$$, th% ;a$t%r o& a,, 3no?,%d*% Id%nti&y your$%,& 2o;.,%t%,y ?ith in&inity(
%t%rnity and ?and%r in th% non($%,& Carry to th% hi*h%$t ?hat you ha/% r%2%i/%d &ro;
H%a/%n but do not r%/%a, your $u22%$$ in thi$ 4% %;.ty7 that i$ a,, Th% .%r&%2t ;an@$ u$%
o& hi$ ;ind i$ ,i3% a ;irror H% do%$ not anti2i.at% B%/%nt$E, nor do%$ h% *o 2ount%r to
th%; H% r%$.ond$ but h% do%$ not r%tain Thu$ it i$ that h% i$ ab,% to ;a$t%r thin*$ and
not b% inGur%d by th%;
Th% $o/%r%i*n o& th% South%rn S%a i$ 2a,,%d Di$$ati$&a2tion B?ith thin*$ a$ th%y ar%E,
th% $o/%r%i*n o& th% North%rn S%a, R%/o,ution, th% So/%r%i*n o& th% C%ntr% o& th% 8or,d,
Chao$ Di$$ati$&a2tion and R%/o,ution &ro; ti;% to ti;% ;%t to*%th%r in th% t%rritory o&
Chao$, and Chao$ tr%at%d th%; /%ry ho$.itab,y Th% t?o $o/%r%i*n$ .,ann%d ho? to r%.ay
Chao$@$ 3indn%$$ Th%y $aid, A!%n a,, ha/% $%/%n ho,%$ to th%ir bodi%$ &or $%%in*, h%arin*,
%atin* and br%athin* "ur &ri%nd h%r% ha$ non% o& th%$%, L%t u$ try to bor% $o;% ho,%$ in
hi;@ Ea2h day th%y bor%d on% ho,% "n th% $%/%nth day Chao$ di%d
1 E;%ndin* th% 2hara2t%r &or J2or.$%@ #shih% to that &or Ar%a,@ #shih%.