Thnh phn ha hc ca Rau m

Mt s nghin cu cho thy thnh phn ha hc ca Rau m rt phong ph. Bao gm,
tinh du, cht bo, Saponin, Sterol, Flavonoid, Saccharide, Magnesium, Manganese,
vitamin B2, B3, B6, K.
STT
1
2
3
4
5
6
7
8
9
10

Thnh phn ha hc
Nc
Protein
Carbohydrat
Cellulose
Vitamin C
Vitamin B1
Calcium
Phosphorus
Iron
Caroten

n v
% KL
% cht kh
% cht kh
% cht kh
mg %
mg %
mg %
mg %
mg %
mg %

Hm lng
88,20
3,20
1,80
4,50
3,70
0,15
2,29
2,00
3,10
1,30

Ty theo khu vc trng v ma v thu hoch m t l cc hot cht trong rau m c th

sai khc nhau.
Trong thnh phn ha hc ca Rau m, nhm Saponin l nhm cht c bit c ngha
nht, c nghin cu kh nhiu trong lnh vc y dc nhm phc v vic cha bnh cho
con ngi. Phn trn mt t ca rau m c cc Saponin triterpen 5 vng v cc
sapogenin ca chng, ch yu thuc nhm ursan. Mt s t thuc nhm oleanan v lupan.
Cc hp cht triterpenoid nhm ursan c xem l hot cht chnh trong Rau m. Cho ti
nay, hn 20 cht c phn lp vi phn na trong s l cc saponosid. Tr mt
trng hp l dn cht 3-O--L arabinosid, mch ng ca cc Saponin trong rau m
u gn vo genin v tr nhm carboxyl C-28 qua dy ni ester. V vy tt c cc cht
ny u l pseudoglycosid. Mch ng gm 2 hoc 3 ng, trong lun l 2 ng
Glucose ni vi nhau qua dy ni 1-6. ng th 3, nu l mch 3 ng, l ng
rhamnose cui mch, gn vo ng glucose bng dy ni 1-4.

Do l pseudoglycosid nn cc saponin ca rau m c ch s ph huyt thp. Cc Saponin

quan trng trong rau m l asiaticosid v madecassosid.
-

Asiaticoside c cng thc phn t: C48H78O19

Khi lng phn t: 959,12 g/mol
Madecassoside c cng thc phn t C48H78O20
Khi lng phn t: 975,12 g/mol

Asiaticosid l mt triterpene glycoside chim hm lng nhiu nht. Asiaticosid l 1-Oacyl-D-glucose pyranose c tm thy trong t nhin, n l Trisacharide ester ca acid
Asiatic. Khi thy phn, asiaticosid cho phn aglycon l acid asiatic v phn ng gm

c 1 rhamnose v 2 glucose. Hm lng asiaticosid trong rau m thay i nhiu ty thuc

vo ni mc, c th t ti 6,4% nhng cng c th di 1%. Ngi ta cho rng, trong c
th asiaticoside thy phn thnh ng v asiatic acid- sn phm trao i cht chu trch
nhim trong vic cha bnh. Asiaticoside c kh nng khng khun v hot tnh dit
nm chng li c mm bnh v nm. T nhng nm 1940, y hc hin i bt u
nghin cu nhng tc dng ca rau m. Nhng hp cht chnh c gi tr rau m l
asiaticoside, madecassoside v asiatic acid c pht hin, nghin cu v ng dng.
Asiaticoside gip cha lnh vt thng nhanh chng nh vo c ch kch thch to
collagen v s tng hp glycosaminoglycan. Hot cht asiaticoside cng c ng
dng trong iu tr bnh phong v bnh lao. Ngi ta cho rng trong nhng bnh ny,
vi khun c bao ph bi mt mng ngoi ging nh sp khin cho h khng nhim ca
c th khng th tip cn. Cht asiaticoside trong dch chit rau m c th lm tan lp
mng bao ny h thng min dch ca c th tiu dit chng. Nm 1990, Maquart v
cng s cng b cng trnh nghin cu v kh nng lm lnh vt thng b l lot
ca asiaticoside. Dc tnh ng k ca hot cht ny l gim bt kch thc ca vng
vt thng trn da lng chut sau 9 ngy th nghim. Theo nghin cu ca Inhee v
cng s (1999) cho thy, cc dn xut ca cht asiaticoside c kh nng bo v thn
kinh, chng li c t - amyloid gy hi i vi ntron thn kinh.. Asiaticoside kch
thch h reticuloendothelial nn sc min nhim ca c th c mnh hn.
Asiaticoside gip t bo da chng oxy ha, pht trin m lin kt, nn lm mnh t
bo da, m da cng tr, v gip cho vt m, vt lot mau lnh. Trong kt qu nghin
cu ca Boiteau v cng s (2001), tc dng ca asiaticoside c tm thy l tim
nng lm gim trm cm chut. Kt qu th nghim cho thy rng asiaticoside c hot
ng ging nh cht chng trm cm, gip chut hot ng, nhn v x l thng tin
nhanh hn. Nghin cu ca Mahato (2000) v cng s th nghim tc dng ca
asiaticoside trn chng bnh sng ph v vim khp. Asiaticoside c trong dch chit
lm gim bt bn chn phnh ca chut th nghim. C ch tch cc ca asiaticoside c
th lin quan n vic ngn chn s tng nhanh ca bch cu.

Madecassosid cng l mt loi triterpene glycosid chim phn ln trong rau m. Khi
thy phn madecassosid s thu c aglycon l acid madecassic v phn ng tng t
nh asiaticosid. Acid asiatic v madecassic cng tn ti dng t do trong cy.
Mt Saponin nhm lupan l acid betulinic cng c phn lp t rau m.

Ngoi ra cn c mt s Saponin c cu trc ursan khc vi hm lng thp nh methyl

asiatat, methyl brahmat, brahmol, acid madasiatic..Cc dn cht oleanan nh acid
terminolic, asiaticosid B, centellasapogenol A.
Flavonoid: trong Rau m c cc flavonoid l kaempferol, quercetin
Cc nhm hp cht khc: trong Rau m cn c cc carbohydrat (nh mesoinositol, mt
oligosaccharidenlaf cellulose v mt pectin l S3A), mt alkaloid cha c xc nh cu
trc gi l hydrocotylin.