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Birds - Golden Guide 1987 PDF
Birds - Golden Guide 1987 PDF
A GOLDEN GUIDE@
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GOLDEN GUIDES
BIRDS BUTTERFLIES AND MOTHS FISHES
FISHING FLOWERS FOSSILS GEOLOGY
INSECT PESTS INSECTS MAMMALS
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BIRDS
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FOREWORD
H.S.Z.
I.N.G.
Copyright 1987, 1956, 1949 by Western Publishing Company, Inc. All rig hts
reserved. including rights of reproduction and use in any form or by any means.
including the making of copies by any photo process. or by any electronic or
mechanical device, printed or written or oral, or recording for sound or visual
reproduction or for use in any knowledge retrieval system or device. unless
permission in writing is obtained from the copyright proprietor. Produced in the
U.S.A. Published by Golden Press. New York, N.Y. Library of Congress Catalog
Card Number: 61-8323. ISBN 0-307-24053-3
3
HOW TO USE THIS B OOK
TOIDENTIFYBii
Most birds can be identified at a g l a nce by experts
because they know exactly what to look for. With prac
tice you too can become an expert.
Whereas some wildflower g u ides a re arra nged by
color, bird guides are genera lly organized so that closely
related species-those of s i m i l a r shape and behavior
are together. Water birds a ppear first, fo l lowed by the
more primitive land birds; the true song b i rds a re last.
One q u ickly learns to sort unknown birds i nto the
major categories cal led orders, such as herons, ducks,
hawks, ki ngfishers, wood peckers, and perching b i rds
(see pages 9- 1 1 ) . For water b i rds, note whether they
wade, swi m , or d ive; for aer i a l feeders whether they
consta ntly flap, soa r, or hover. For a l l birds, l ook closely
at the size and shape of the bill (pages 1 4-15) and the
shape and length of the tai l . Compare the tota l length
with that of some fam i l iar species. Is i t the s i ze of a
kinglet, a warbler, a sparrow, an oriole, a robi n , a
flicker, or a crow? These cha racters w i l l help place b i rds
in the correct family.
The next step is to determine the species by looking
for the presence or absence of wing bars, ta i l patterns,
eye rings or eye stripes, and co lor patterns o n the head
and elsewhere . I s the back plain or streaked? Do the
underparts have horizonta l bars or longitud i n a l streaks?
Eye color i s i m portant for owls and some vi reos .
Behavior can a l so provide va luable c l ues. Does the
bird wa lk or hop o r run? Does it wag its ta i l ? Does it
catch insects on the wing and eat i n flight l i ke a swift or
swa l low? Or does it repeated l y return to a n exposed
5
perch to eat insect prey l i ke a flycatcher or waxwing?
Does it climb u p a tree trunk l i ke a woodpecker or a
Brown C reeper, or work head-down l i ke a nuthatch?
Does it eat berries l i ke a thrush or a n oriole, or probe i n
the g round for worms a n d grubs l i ke a robi n , blackbird ,
or sta r l i ng? See pages 1 32- 1 53 for the pri ncipa l foods
of each species.
EQU I PM E N T The only essenti a l equ i pment for seeing
birds is a pa i r of eyes . Good ears are a help, too . But
there are ways of i ncreasing you r enjoyment, none of
which i nvolves much expense . This book i s one, for a
guide book is i m portant. As you acq u i re experience, you
will want more advanced books (see page 1 54 ) . You r
own records, if kept systematica l l y, a re a n i m portant
pa rt of your equ i pment . A pocket notebook to record
deta i l ed i nformation is worth carrying . Rugged c l oth
ing, waterproof boots, and a bottle of mosquito repel
lent a re p a r t o f an experienced b irder's equi pmen t .
Field g lasses or bi nocu l a rs a r e t h e m o s t i m portant a n d
most expensive item o f equipment . There's no denying
thei r va lue i n bringing tree-top birds down to you . Like
a good camera , a good pair of binoculars i s a precision
tool and should be selected with care . The best g lasses
are made with prisms to reduce the i r size. The power of
the g lass tel l s how much closer it makes a b i rd a ppea r.
Throug h 6x (6-power) g lasses a bird looks six times a s
close. Glasses o f 6 x t o 8 x are best . Remember, the
higher the power, the more l i m ited you r fiel d of vision .
Glasses that admit the most light are the best. This
depends o n the width of the front lens (usua l l y measured
i n m i l l i meters) . A 6 x 35 lens admits twice a s much l i g h t
as a 6 x 24 . T h e l a rge 7 x 5 0 bi nocu l a rs a re exce l lent f o r
bird s . Those t h a t adjust by a single center focusing screw
are most convenient.
6
W H E R E TO LOOK Birds are everywhere, but to see
the most birds try looking in the best places: in moist
wood lands or perhaps at the edge of a wooded swa m p .
Young scrubby woods a r e l i kely t o have m o r e b i r d s than
mature forests . Wood marg ins are genera l l y good , es
pecia l ly d u r i ng m i g ration . But no single p lace is best .
Sa l twater marshes and shores wi l l yield birds that one
wi l l never fi nd i n pine woods. Other species prefer open
fields, or western deserts . A wooded park i n the m idst
of a city i s one of the very best places to look for b i rds
during m ig ration s . If you explore your own reg ion, you
wi l l d i scover certa i n spots a re favored-perhaps a sma l l
g len with a brook, a wooded point on a lake, a marsh,
or cottonwoods a long a r iver. On page 1 55 i s a l ist of
some famous places to see birds. Make l oca l inqui ries.
See a l so the books and museums l i sted on page 1 54 .
HOW T O LOOK Experienced watchers go out early
i n the morning when birds a re most active, a nd will often
sit qu ietly i n a l i kely spot and let the bi rds come to them .
Keen-eyed birds are easi l y frightened by movement.
Don't make yourself conspicuous agai nst the open sky.
Move slowly. Try to cover severa l distinct habitats, if
possible-a wood land, marsh, fiel d , river ba n k , shore,
or whatever your l oca lity affords . Eventua l l y you wi l l
work out a route that wi l l g ive you the greatest variety
of birds per time spent. Experience i n you r own reg ion
will be you r best help. Make bird watching a year-round
activity, for each season has its own specia l surprises
and delig hts to offer the carefu l observer.
WHY LOOK? B i rd i ng is enjoyed by m i l l ions of N orth
Americans of all ages, and by m i l l i ons of others all over
the wor l d . It is a hobby that can give pleasure at any
place and at a ny time. Some prefer to do their observing
7
by themselves, others prefer the sociabil ity of birding a s
a sma l l group. There are more t h a n 700 bird clubs i n the
United States and wel l over 1 00 i n Canada .
B i rd s a re by fa r the most popu l a r of w i l d l ife because
they a re easy to see, easy to identify, g reat i n numbers
and va riety, beautifu l to observe, attractive to hea r,
and ever changing in occurrence and numbers . Even the
experts get many thri l l s from fi nding unusua l or unex
pected species. Many species migrate long d i stances ,
and at ti mes large numbers of birds a re blown off course
and a re d i scovered hundreds of m i les from their usua l
homes . A few western bi rds even occur on the Atlantic
coast and vice versa .
Many bi rders enjoy competition, such as beating the
previous yea r's b i rd l ist, fi nding more species than a
friend , or being the first to spot a returning migrant .
Thousa nds of people take bird tours to exotic places .
Ma ny others keep impressive l i sts of the species they
have d i scovered right at home . Bird feeders and bird
baths a l so bring much pleasure to shut- i n s .
A n i nterest i n birds often expa nds i nto a greater
appreciation for a l l w i l d l ife, and for the habitats that
are essentia l to the i r surviva l . Many birders develop into
wi l d l ife photog raphers or leaders of scouting or other
youth groups . I n any case, on e acq u i res a n a bsorbing
hobby that can be enjoyed throughout life .
8
PARTS
OF
A BIRD
9
BIRD CLASSIFICATION
page 22
HERONS and BITTERNS: Long-legged
wading birds . In flight, feet extend beyond
tail but neck i s pulled i n . Bill straight and
sharp; skin between eye and b i l l bare . Four
toes, scarcely webbed or not webbed at a l l .
Middle toenail h a s comb l i ke marg i n .
pages 23-2S
DUCKS, GEESE, and SWANS:
Swim m i ng
birds with d i st i nct ta i l s . Legs centered . Birds
walk wel l compared to grebes and loon s .
Four toes, front 3 webbed . Bill broad and
flat, often with "teeth" along edge . Upper
bill ending in short, flat hook or "na i l . "
pages 26-33
10
CRANES, RAILS, and COOTS: Marsh
birds flying with neck extended and feet
dangling (ra i l s) ; wings rounded. Four toes,
unwebbed (except for coot, which has lobes) .
Middle toenail without comblike margin
(see Herons). Feathered between eye and
bil l .
page 34
PLOVERS, SANDPIPERS, and SNIPES:
Land
bi rds that scratch for food. Bills short and
stout . Feet heavy, strong; h i nd toe short and
raised. Wings short and rounded.
pages 48-50
S m a l l - headed
bi rds with s lender bills, grooved at base;
and with nostrils opening through a bare
fleshy a rea at base of b i l l . Legs short. Four
toes, all on same leve l . Hind toe as long as
shortest front one .
pages 51 -52
11
Long , slim birds with slightly
curved bil l . Tail long, feathers not stiff or
poi nted ; central ta il feathers longest. Four
toes : 2 i n front; 2 beh ind.
page 53
CUCKOOS:
OWLS:
KINGFISHERS:
WOO D P ECKERS: C l i m b i n g b i r d s . B i l l
strong, pointed, with bristles o t nostril . Tail
feathers stiff ond poi nted . Toes : 2 i n front, 2
in back; or (rarely) 2 in front ond 1 in back.
pages 62-65
PERCHING BIRDS:
j!ages 66-1 27
Vultures
Petrels
and Kin
Storks
cormorants
lrch
troplcb
!:
;,
..
Plovers
Waterfowl
The 860 species of birds in North America north of Mex ico a re classified into 70
fami lies . The major famil ies and their ap
proximate re lationsh i ps are shown here.
Famil ies with the most species north of Mex ico
a re represented by the thickest branches .
Old World
Finches
i;ts LC!,
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... ...
rlfrnlc
e
e
King
Wrens
and Creepers
,.,
Dippers
Hawks
and
Eagles
iii
Hummingbirds
Owls
Tern
AD APTATIONS
Loon
Heron
OF BIRD S
vane
Kingfisher
A DAPTATIONS
Robin
perching
Pheasant
-walking
Shrike
Cardinal
Wood Thrush
Crossbill
Yellowthroat
OF FEET
grasping
Woodpecker
-climbing
Yellowlegs
-wading
16
AMATEUR
ACTIVITIES
Eve ryone sta r t s watc h i n g
b i rds with the same ideas i n
mind: t o learn the i r names, to
identify as many as possible,
Lewi s' Woodpecker
a t feed i ng stat i o n
and to see what kind of "records" his watching w i l l yiel d . Some people a re content
doing these things and never venture beyond this stage.
Others find many more ways to broaden their know l
edge. Time, p l a c e , a n d experience w i l l determ ine how
fa r you want to g o . Here a re some suggestions:
ATTRACTING BI RDS BY FEEDING
B i rds were here long before people fed
them-and they w i l l continue to feed
and care for themselve s . But if severe
co ld or ice cuts off the food supply of
wi nter birds, cooperative effor ts a re
someti mes essentia l to save them . If
you want to attract birds to you r yard
or window, then feeding them will hel p.
Place feed on a platform or wi ndow
shelf to retard spo i l ing and to provide
some protection from predators . F i nd
out how to bu i l d feed ing stations. Set
them near shrubbery to g ive the bi rds
shelter. P lace l um ps of suet i n wire
conta i ners for creepers, chickadees,
nuthatches, and wood peckers. Sma l l
grain (sunflower seeds , hemp, m i l let,
and canary seed) will attract seed
eaters. At a w i ndow station you can
watch birds feed .
Siskins a n d other
finches enjoy su nflower a n d thistle seeds
Drip-bucket
provides water
Martin box
Wren house
18
Build a box that can be eas i l y clea ned and used yea r
after year. Don't place boxes too close; three or fou r
nesting boxes t o a n acre a re usua l l y enoug h . Most b i rds
set u p their own "territory" and wi l l keep other bi rds out.
CREATING A LOCAL REFUGE A group of people may
fi nd a way to create a loca l bird refuge to help b i rds
care for themselves . Most commun ities have swam p or
wasteland which can easily be developed i nto a bird
refuge. Parks, golf courses, and cemeteries have been
successfu l . Ample water supply is needed . Sma l l dams
across a brook wi l l create shal low ponds that attract
many birds. Swamp plants and g rasses should be en
couraged as seed producers . Evergreens may be pla nted
for shelter.
BIRD PHOTOGRAPHY H u nting with a gun is g iving
way to hunting with a camera . Only a few species of
game birds may be shot, but you may photog raph any
bird . B i rd photography offers thri l l s and hard wor k . It
calls for patience and ski l l , but one fi ne shot makes it a l l
worthwh i l e . Use a camera with a foca l plane shutter and
a fast lens. A flash bulb is usua l l y necessary for c l ose
photos even in daylight, because many bi rds prefer to
feed i n the shade .
Steller's Jay (11 ln.), only crested lay of the western conife rs
IJ
20
B I RD C O U NTS A N D C E N S U S E S After you learn
the common birds, you wi l l beg i n to keep l i sts of the
species you se . This is the beg i n n i ng of an absorbing
hobby. Soon you r l ists may i n c l ude est i mates of the
number of birds seen as wel l as the species . N ext you
may do a complete census of a specific a rea that will
show the density of the bird popu lation there . Many b i rd
cl ubs a l l over North America make one-day C h ristmas
B i rd Counts during C h ristmas season . To partici pate,
contact a loca l bird club or write to American Birds,
National Audubon Society, 950 Third Avenue, New York,
N . Y. 1 0022. Counts made during the breed ing season
revea l from 2 to 20 adult birds per acre, depending on
the type of vegetation (habitat) and the l oca l ity. C a re
fu lly made counts, especially those repeated yea r after
year such as on a Breed ing Bird Survey route, a re of rea l
scientific va l u e . Specia l counts made d u r i ng m i g rations,
or counts of b i rd colon ies or bird roosts, help u s under
sta nd more about certa i n unusual species .
B R E E D I NG B I RD ATLAS E S In many states and prov
inces, i ntensive mapping projects are i n progress to show
the nesting range of every bird species. Each state is
d ivided into squa res of about 1 0 square m i les each, and
vo l unteers compile nesting season l i sts of bi rds found in
each square . Evidence of nesting, such as a d u l ts carry
ing nesting mater i a l or food for young ma kes the records
especially va l ua b le . These Atl a s projects usua l l y take
five years to complete . Then they a re repeated after a
period of yea rs to find out what changes i n bird d i stri
bution have occurred . To fi nd out whether a n Atlas proj
ect is in progress i n your a rea , contact the Laboratory
of Ornithology, Cornell University, 1 59 Sapsucker Woods
Road , Ithaca , N . Y. 1 4850 .
21
23
24
25
26
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27
29
- ........ .
-------
30
32
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33
34
35
37
rr
flight. Still larger are the Whimbrel
(14 in.)with its long down-curved bill
and the Marbled Godwit(l6 in.)with
its up-curved bill.
_
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w
- - --- -- -----
- __ ,
38
39
40
41
43
45
47
51
53
54
55
57
58
59
60
61
68
71
72
73
74
75
76
78
79
80
81
85
87
88
GRAY CAT B I R D
The s l ender b i l l
and
long,
rounded ta i l w i l l separate the catbird from other dark birds its size.
Young are l i ke adults.
-...._,
90
92
These warm-brown ,
94
WARBLERS
96
Y E L LOW WAR B L E R This i s the only wa rbler with
yel l ow spots on the tai l . The male has d i sti nctive chestnut
streaks on his breast . The Yellow Warbler (4 i n . ) prefers
shrubs or low trees, so is easily seen.
The Orange-crowned Warbler (4V4
i n . ) of the West is d u l l yel l ow-green
all over, with a sma l l orange crown
patch and no wing bars or tai l spots.
-\--
. . . . . . . . . ...
97
98
COMMON Y E L L OWTH ROAT (4V.o i n . ) This is a
warbler of marshes and moist wayside shrubbery. The
black mask and yel l ow throat mark the m a l e . The female
has the yel l ow throat but no mask. Its whitish bel l y and
absence of wing bars a i d identifi
cati o n . The Kentucky Warbler (4V2
i n . ) of southeastern wood lands has
a large yel low eye ring, black crown
and sideburns, and entirely yel l ow
underpa rts.
99
1 00
Y E L LOW- R U M P E D WAR B L E R The yel l ow rump,
crown, and side patches mark this warbler (4% i n . ) .
Female, young, and wi nter birds o re browner. Western
birds hove yel l ow throats. This species migrates ea rlier
i n the spring and later i n the fa l l than other common
wa rblers . It i s often found i n Iorge
flocks. The yel l ow-rumped Magno
lia Wa rbler (4V4 i n . ) of the East has
a b l o c k - streaked ye l l ow breast ,
much more white in wings and to i l .
Fema le, young ore browner.
101
1 06
l --
SPA R R OW S
Worldwide there are nearly 300 species of sparrows,
of wh ich 52 have been recorded i n North America north
of Mexico. Towhees, juncos, and some less wel l -known
birds such as grassquits and longspurs a re i ncl uded i n
these tota l s . The o n l y ones d i scussed here a re birds that
occur over much of the continent and are l i kely to be
found by beg i nners.
Sparrows a re sma l l to med ium-sized b i rds with stout
con ical b i l l s adapted for crushing seeds , which a re their
main d iet. Seed-eaters have a better chance for wi nter
surviva l i n the North than d o i nsect-eaters, so spa rrows
are conspicuous wi nter residents i n areas where daytime
wi nter temperatures a re l i kely to remain below freezing
for severa l consecutive days .
Most sparrows have streaked backs. Head and breast
patterns can be used to identify most species . Each
species has its own particu l a r nest i ng habitat i n summer,
but during migration and in wi nter several species often
flock together. Sparrows a re short-distance m i g rants,
wintering largely with i n the U n i ted States and southern
Canad a . They arrive on the i r breed ing grounds early in
spring . Most species prefer fields rather than woodlands.
1 10
F I E L D S PARROW This common sparrow (5 i n . ) of
brushy fields d i splays a redd ish-brown c rown ; its p l a i n
breast, p i n k bill a n d legs, a n d broad
gray eye ring c l i nch its i dentifica
tion . Its song is a n accelerating se
ries of s l urred whistles. Compare
the Field Sparrow with the Ameri
c a n Tree, C h i p p i n g , and Swam p
Sparrows, w h i c h have t h e same
reddish cap.
111
1 12
C H I P P I N G S PARROW This sma l l sparrow (4V2 i n . )
is told by its reddish crown , clear white underparts,
white l i ne over the eye , black l i ne through the eye , and
black bi l l . Young have streaked crowns with little or no
red . The song is a ra pid series of unmusica l "ch i ps" on
the same pitch . The C h i pping Spar
row prefers lawns, golf courses, and
other short-grass habitats.
W H I T E - C R O W N E D S PA R R OW The b l a c k - a n d
white crown, erect posture, plain gray breast a n d throat,
and pink or ye l l owish b i l l identify this sparrow (5% i n . ) .
Young have brown and buff head stripes. Western birds
use suburban habitats , but eastern birds prefer hedge
rows bordered by large fiel ds. The
Golden-crowned Spa rrow (6V4 i n . ),
which winters i n the Pacific states,
differs by havi ng a dull yel low crown
bordered with black.
1 13
1 14
SONG S PARROW A large brown center spot on a
boldly streaked breast, and a rather long, rounded ta i l
that i t pumps a s i t flies, a re the field marks of the Song
Sparrow (5V2 i n . ) . Its melodious, var ied song , one of
the first signs of spring, is easy to recogn i z e . At a l l
seasons Song Sparrows a re found i n hedgerows, shrubbery, and weedy fields. The smal ler
Lincol n's Sparrow (43/4 i n . ) , most
common in the West, i s s i m i l a r but
with a buff breast band crossed by
fi ne dark streaks.
1 15
1 17
1 18
1 20
121
1 22
1 23
1 24
PU RPLE F I NC H
1 25
HOUSE FINCH
native of
Long I s l a n d i n
is
nondescript,
more fa intly
the
streaked
than
1 26
1 29
and back. Some warblers, vireos, and flycatchers
travel even farther. The champion migrant is the Arc
tic Tern; some breed in the Arctic and winter in the Antarctic,
1 1 , 000 miles away. They fly over 25, 000 miles a year and
cross the Atlantic in their migration.
Four North American flyways form connecting paths
between northern breeding grounds and wintering
areas in the southern United States, Mexico, Cuba ,
and South America . Their use by waterfowl i s best
known, though most migrating birds use them . Fly
ways overlap in the breeding grounds, though each
tends to have its own population.
The periods of spring and fall migrations are the times
you will see the most birds. See pages 1 3 1 - 1 53 for
when to look for migrants.
MISSISSIPPI
F LYWAY
Upland Sandpiper ( 1 0 in.) mi
grates from the Arctic and the prai
ries to central South America.
ATLANTIC
F LYWAY
Red Knot (8V2 i n . ) concentrates on
the Atlantic coast enroute from the
Arctic to Chile.
(8 in.): Robin-like,
black bar on orange breast.
Varied Thrush
TH E BIRDS AT A GLAN C E
131
1 32
Pa g e
Migration
Name
Arrive
fflfls
Depart
Size (in.)
No.
21
Common Loon
DC
B
StL
SF
M-May
L-May
L-Nov
E-May
3.5 X 2 . 2
2
Variable; greenish or dull
brown with faint black
spots.
22
Pied-billed Grebe
DC M-Mar
SR L-Oct
E-Apr
SR M-Oct
B
S t L M-Mar
SR L-Nov
p
Perma nent Resident
1 .7 X 1 . 1
4-8
Ve r l i g h t b l u e - g r e e n ,
dar er or b u f f ; u n marked.
23
NY
B
StL
SF
S R L-Nov
E-Apr
E-Apr
SR M-Nov
S R L-Nov
E-Mar
Permanent Resident
3-4
2.4 X 1 .8
Pa l e bluish
een to dull
blue; unmar ed.
24
Green-backed
Heron
DC
B
StL
SF
M-Apr
L-Apr
M-Apr
M-Mar
l .S X 1 . 1
3-6
Pa l e greenish or greenish
blue; unmarked.
25
Cattle Egret
DC M-Apr
NY L-Apr
StL E-May
Tr M-Oct
SR E-Oct
SR L-Aug
1 .8 X 1 .3
Very pale green .
26
Tundra Swan
DC M-Nov
StL M-Oct
SF E-Oct
WR M-Apr
WR L-Apr
WR E-Apr
4.3 X 2 . 8
2-6
White or pale yellow.
27
Canada Goose
DC L-Sept
B L-Sept
StL E-Oct
p
M-Sept
WR
Tr
WR
WR
M-Apr
L-Apr
M-Apr
M-May
3.4 X 2 . 3
4- 1 0
Cream to d u l l
reenish
white. Later bu fy and
mottled .
28
Mallard
2.3 X 1 .6
6- 1 2
Pa l e greenish to grayish
buff.
29
American Black
Duck
DC
NY
B
StL
2.3 X 1 . 7
6- 1 2
Gra ish white to g reenish uff. S i m i l a r to Ma llard.
30
Wood Duck
DC L-Feb
S R M-Nov
NY M-Mar
S R E-Nov
StL M-Feb
S R L-Nov
p
Permanent Resident
E-Oct
L-Sept
E-Apr
E-Oct
WR
WR
Tr
WR
SR
SR
SR
SR
E-Oct
M-Sept
L-Sept
L-Oct
3-9
2.0 X 1 .6
Du l l crea m to buff.
8- 1 5
1 33
Nests
Materials
location
Vegetable debris.
On g round on small is
land or near shore of lake
or pond.
Decaying vegetation.
C r a yfi s h , c r u s t a c e a n s ,
small fish, and insects.
Sticks.
Pondweeds,
grasses;
seeds of wheat, barley,
sedges.
On ground among hi h
grass or reeds; u s u a y
near water.
Pondweeds,
wild
rice
and other seeds; aquatic
insects.
Reeds and
li ned with
3 rasses,
own.
r,
Grasses, weeds,
l e a v e s ; fe a t h e r l i n in g .
Same as Mallard .
Grasses, twigs,
leaves; down - l i ned.
W i l d rice,
ondweeds,
acorns, s e e s, and fru its;
some insects.
/.
1 34
Pa g e
Migration
Name
Arrive
'"'
Depart
Size (in.)
No.
31
Northern Pinta i l
NY M-Sept WR M-Apr
Tr L-Apr
StL L-Sept
WR L-Apr
SF E-Sept
p
Permanent Resident
32
Ca nvasback
DC
NY
StL
SF
E-Apr
M-Apr
L-Apr
L-Apr
2.5 X 1 .6
6- 1 0
Olive gray or d u l l green.
33
Common
Merganser
DC M-Nov
WR E-Apr
8
M-Oct
WR L-Apr
StL M-Nov
WR M-Apr
p
Perma nent Resident
2.5 X 1 . 7
6- 1 7
Pale buff; unmarked .
34
American Coot
DC
NY
StL
SF
M-Oct
WR E-May
E-Oct
Tr L-Nov
S R M-Nov
M-Feb
Permanent Resident
1 .9 X 1 . 3
8- 1 2
Light buff, speckled with
dark brown or black.
35
Kil ldeer
NY E-Mar
SR E-Nov
8
L-Mar
S R L-Oct
StL L-Feb
S R L-Nov
SF Perma nent Resident
1 .5 X 1 . 1
4
Buff or darker; heavily
spotted or mott led.
36
Common S n i pe
DC M-Sept Tr E-May
Tr L-Nov
StL L-Feb
WR E-May
SF E-Sept
p
Permanent Resident
4
1 .6 X 1 . 2
Pa l e o l i v e t o brown;
darker spots and specks.
37
Lesser
Yel lowlegs
DC
NY
StL
SF
38
Spotted
Sandpi per
39
40
E-Nov
M-Oct
L-Oct
M-Oct
WR
WR
WR
WR
2.2 X l . S
Similar to Mallard .
S-1 2
Tr
Tr
Tr
Tr
M-Oct
E-Oct
E-Oct
E-May
1 .6 X 1 . 1
3-5
Buff with bold blotches
of c ocolate and blackish.
DC M-Apr
8
E-May
StL M-Apr
p
L-Apr
SR
SR
SR
SR
L-Sept
M-Sept
E-Oct
M-Oct
4
1 .3 X 0.9
White to cream; heavily
ma rked with dark brown
and black.
Least Sandpiper
DC L-Apr
StL E-Apr
SF E-July
p
E-May
Tr
Tr
WR
Tr
L-Sept
L-Oct
M-May
L-Sept
3-4
1 . 2 x o. a
Pa l e brown or gray;
marked with brown, gray,
or black.
Herring Gull
DC
NY
StL
SF
WR
WR
WR
WR
M-May
L-May
L-Apr
M-Apr
2.9 X 1 .9
3-4
Variable. Whitish to gray
or brown; brown spots and
blotches.
E-Apr
E-Apr
E-Apr
E-Aug
M-Sept
L-Aug
M-Oct
L-Oct
1 35
Nests
Food
Materials
Location
On dry g r o u n d in t h e
open.
On ground i n reeds or
rushes, near water.
On g ro u n d ; b e n e a t h
bushes a n d between
boulders; or in a h o l e in a
tree.
Heaps
of
reed s ,
r u s h e s , a n d c o a rse
grass.
Slight depression
l i n e d w i t h p e b b l es ,
grasses, o r debris.
A hollow i n g round, in
pastures or fie lds.
Slight de p ression
lined wit h grass.
On ground or on slight el
evation in meadows, open
marshes, or bogs.
I n se c t s ,
crustaceans,
worms, seeds of swamp
and aquatic plants.
Slight de p ression
lined wit h grasses.
On ground or cavity i n
rocks, on sandy or rocky
shores. Banks of streams
and open upland fields.
M a i n l y i n se c t s ; w o r m s ,
spiders, and small crus
taceans.
S l i g h t d e p res s i o n ,
spari ngly lined with
grass.
O n g ro u n d o r rock in
g ra s s y l o w l a n d s n e a r
w a t e r. S o m e t i m e s o n
moist upland.
Seaweeds;
m a rs h
plants, chi ps, feath
ers, s h e l l s . S o m e
times no nest.
1 36
Pave
,,,.
Mleration
Name
Arrive
M-Apr
L-Apr
E-May
L-Apr
Depart
E-Oct
M-Oct
E-Oct
E-Nov
Size (in.)
No.
2-3
1 .6 X 1 . 2
Va r i a b l e . D u l l greenish
wh ite to brown; darker
spots.
41
Common Tern
DC
NY
B
SF
42
Turkey Vulture
43
Osprey
DC
B
Stl
SF
44
Bald Eagle
45
Cooper's Hawk
NY
B
Stl
SF
46
Permanent Resident
throughout its range,
except in north central
states
2-4
2.6 X 1 . 8
D u l l or creamy white;
spotted brown or purple;
ra rel y unmarked .
47
American Kestrel
Permanent Resident
throughout its ra nge,
except in north central
states and Canada
4-7
1 .3 X 1 . 2
White or ti nted with buff;
spotted or speckled with
brown.
48
R ing-necked
Pheasant
Permanent Resident
throughout its ra nge
6- 1 6
1 . 8 X 1 .4
Buff to dark olive; occasionally greenish.
49
Ruffed Grouse
Permanent Resident
throughout its ra nge
8- 1 4
1 .5 X 1 . 1
Pa le buff but varying in
color; unmarked .
50
Northern
Bobwhite
Permanent Resident
throughout its range
1 0-24
1 .2 X 1 .0
White; unmarked .
L-Mar
L-Apr
E-Apr
M-Ma r
SR
SR
SR
Tr
SR
SR
Tr
SR
M-Oct
E-Oct
L-Oct
M-Oct
Tr E-Oct
E-Apr
S R E-Oct
M-Apr
S R L-Oct
M-Ma r
Permanent Resident
2.8 X 1 .9
1 -3
Dull white or buff; irregular brown spots.
2-4
2.S X 1 .8
Va riable. D u l l white t o
buff or light brown with
brown blotches.
3.5 X 2 . 9
White; unmarked .
1 -4
3-6
1 .9 X 1 .6
Blu ish or greenish white;
u n m a rk e d t o h e a v i l y
spotted with brown .
1 37
food
N.. ts
Location
Materials
H o l l o w, l i n e d w i t h
s h e l l s , to w e l l - b u i l t
mound o f grass and
seaweed.
None.
Ca rrion.
La e nest of branches
an sticks. Additions
and repairs a re made
yearly.
referred,
U s u a l l y i n trees: p i n e s
25-65 ft. up.
a r e l y on grou nd.
Ma i n l y w i l d b i rd s a n d
poultry; some mammals;
other vertebrates and
insects.
Ma i n l y ro d e n t s ; s o m e
reptiles and poultry.
Dead l e a v e s , g r a s s ,
straw.
S h a l l o w d e p ress i o n ,
l ined w i t h leaves.
Corn a n d
ra i n . R a g
weed, le e e z a , acorns,
and wee seeds.
:a'
':f.'
:l
1 38
Page
Mig r atio n
Name
A rrive
Eggs
Depart
Size (in.)
No.
51
Rock Dove
Permanent Resident
throughout its range
1 .5 X 1 . 1
White; unmarked.
2-3
52
Mourning Dove
DC Permanent Resident
NY M-Mar
S R M-Nov
8
SR L-Oct
L-Mar
SR M-Nov
SF L-Mar
1 . 1 x o.s
White; unmarked.
53
Yellow-billed
Cuckoo
DC
NY
StL
SF
54
Common
Bam-Owl
Permanent Resident
except at northern
edge of its range
1 .6 X 1 . 2
White; u n marked.
55
Great Homed
Owl
Permanent Resident
throughout its ra nge
2.3 X 1 .9
2-3
Rough wh ite; u n marked.
56
Eastern and
Western
Screech-Owls
1 .4 X 1 . 3
White; u n m a rked.
3-5
57
Chimney Swift
DC M-Apr
B L-Apr
StL E-Apr
SR E-Oct
SR E-Sept
SR E-Oct
0.8 X 0.5
White; unmarked.
4-5
58
Whip-poor-will
DC L-Apr
B
E-May
StL M-Apr
SR M-Sept
SR M-Sept
SR M-Oct
2
1 .2 X 0.8
Crea m y w h i t e ; spotted
with brown.
59
Common
N ighthawk
DC E-May
B M-May
StL L-Apr
p
E-June
SR
SR
SR
SR
1 .2 X 0.9
2
Du l l white; spotted with
gray and brown.
60
Ruby-throated
Hummingbird
DC L-Apr
NY M-May
StL L-Apr
SR L-Sept
SR M-Sept
SR E-Oct
E-May
E-May
L-Apr
L-May
SR
SR
SR
SR
L-Sept
L-Sept
L-Sept
L-Sept
L-Sept
M-Sept
E-Oct
L-Sept
2-4
1 . 2 X 0.9
Light blu ish g reen; unmarked;
occa s i o n a l l y
mottled.
0.5 X 0.4
White; unmarked.
5-1 1
1 39
Nests
Materials
Location
Sticks, rootlets,
straws, pine needles,
lichens.
Sometimes ru bbish or
debris. Usually no
nest.
Tree c a v i t i e s ; stee p l e s ,
barns. Sometimes under
ground i n burrows or holes
in emban kments.
R o d e n t s , s m a l l b i rd s ,
frogs, fish, a n d i n sects.
Coarse twigs, h e l d to
gether by saliva of
bird.
No nest construction.
Uses s l i g h t d e p res
sion i n leaves.
O n g ro u n d , u s u a l l y i n
brushy wood margins, on
well-dra i n ed land.
Plant-down, bits of li
chen outside; bound
by threads of saliva
and spider web.
Placed or "saddled" on
branch of tree-3-50 ft.
above g round.
N e c t a r of fl o w e rs a n d
small insects.
1 40
Page
Nome
Migration
A rrive
Eggs
Depart
Size (in.)
No.
61
Belted Kingfisher
DC Permanent Resident
8
E-A
SR L-Oct
StL L-Fe
S R L-Nov
SF Permanent Resident
62
Red-headed
Woodpecker
63
Northern
Flicker
DC Permanent Resident
SR L-Oct
NY M-Mar
8
M-Apr
SR M-Oct
SF Perma nent Resident
5-9
1 . 1 X 0. 9
Glossy wh ite; unmarked.
64
Yel low-bellied
Sapsucker
DC L-Sept
M-Apr
8
StL E-Mar
SF E-Oct
S-7
0.9 X 0. 7
Glossy wh ite; unmarked.
65
Downy
Woodpecker
Permanent Resident
throughout its ra nge
66
Eastern Kingbird
DC Lr
NY E- ay
StL L-Apr
M-May
p
SR
SR
SR
SR
M-Sept
E-Sept
L-Sept
M-Sept
3-4
1 .0 X 0. 7
C r e a m y w h i t e , spotted
with brown.
67
Great Crested
Flycatcher
DC E-May
8
M-May
S t L L-Apr
SR M-Sept
SR E-Sept
SR M-Sept
3-6
0.9 X 0. 7
C r e a m y, s t r e a k e d w i t h
brown.
68
Eastern Phoebe
DC M-Mar
NY M-Mar
StL M-Mar
SR L-Oct
SR M-Oct
SR L-Oct
4-5
0.8 X 0.6
White; occasionally spotted with brown.
69
Least Flycatcher
DC E-May
8
E-May
StL E-May
Tr L-Sept
SR E-Sept
Tr E-Oct
0.6 X 0. 5
White; unmarked.
70
Homed Lark
Permanent Resident
in the Un ited States
!r.
WR
Tr
Tr
WR
E-May
L-Oct
M-Nov
L-Apr
5-8
1 .3 X 1 .0
Glossy white; unmarked.
1 .0 x o. a
White; unmarked.
0.8 X 0.6
White; unmarked.
4-6
4-6
3-4
3-5
0.8 X 0.6
Dull white; speckled with
brown or purple.
141
Food
Nests
Materials
Location
A gourd-shaped hole,
padded with c h i ps.
E x c a v a t i o n s in t r e e s ,
posts, poles: 5-80 ft. u p .
Hole, p a d d e d w i t h
chips.
Gourd-shaped exca
vation: 6- 1 0 in. deep.
Cavity i n dead l i m b or
post . S o m e t i m e s b u i l d
ings; 3-70 ft. up.
Moths,
I n s h e l t e r of u n d e rc u t
b a n k s , t ree roots, c u l
verts, eaves, or inside
farm buildings; 1 -20 ft up.
Grasses, ba rk fibers,
l i ned w i t h f e a t h e rs
and other soft mate
rials.
Depre s s i o n , l o o s e l y
filled w i t h grass, fi
bers, feathers.
On ground, in cultivated
fields, sand dunes, or ba r
ren islands; in cover of
grass and moss.
g ra s s h o p p e r s ,
Oc-
sects.
!i:n : r; .!
1 42
Page
Migration
Name
lflfll
Arrive
Depart
Size (in.)
No.
71
Purple Martin
DC L-Mar
NY M-Apr
Stl L-Mar
SR E-Sept
Tr L-Aug
SR M-Sept
1 .0 X 0 . 7
White; unmarked.
4-5
72
DC
B
Stl
SF
L-Ma r
M-Apr
M-Mar
E-Mar
Tr
SR
SR
SR
M-Oct
M-Sept
L-Oct
L-Oct
0.7 X 0 .6
White; unmarked.
4-7
73
NY E-Apr
Stl E-Apr
SF L-Mar
p
M-Apr
SR
SR
SR
SR
L-Sept
L-Oct
M-Oct
M-Sept
0.8 X 0.5
White, spotted
brown.
3-6
with
74
Black-bi l l ed
Magpie
Permanent Resident
throughout its ra nge
4-8
1 . 3 X 0.9
Grayish, heavily marked
with brown.
75
American Crow
Permanent Resident
except in Canada
3-5
1 .6 X 1 . 2
Va riable. Pale greenish or
bluish,
otted
or
blotched wit brown.
76
Blue Jay
Permanent Resident
throughout its range
but irregular in winter
in t h e north
4-6
1 . 1 X 0.9
Greenish to olive, spotted
with brown .
77
White-breasted
Nuthatch
5-8
0.8 X 0.6
W h i te, rarely p i n k ish;
speckled o r spotted with
brown.
78
Black-capped
Chickadee
Permanent Resident
throughout its ra nge
5-8
0.6 X 0.5
White, finely spotted with
brown.
79
Tufted Titmouse
Permanent Resident
throughout its ra nge
5-8
0.7 X 0.6
White to buff; speckled
with grayish brown .
80
Brown Creeper
DC
NY
Stl
SF
WR L-Apr
E-Oct
WR E-May
L-Sept
L-Sept
WR L-Apr
Perma nent Resident
0.6 X 0.5
White, speckled
brown.
5-8
with
1 43
Food
Nesta
Materials
location
Gross, lining of
feathers.
E n t i re l y fl y i n g i n s e c t s :
fl i e s , bees, a n t s , beetles.
Grasshoppers; other in
sects, carrion, s m a l l
mammals; wild a n d cul
tivated fruits.
A c a v i t y or d e s e r t e d
woodpecker hole: 5-60 ft.
up. Ma t u re trees p r e
ferred.
D e s e r t e d wood p e c k e rs'
holes or stumps: 2-85 ft.
up.
I n trees, behind or be
tween loose bark: 5 - 1 5 ft.
up. U s u a l l y in d e e p
woods.
Ma i n l y i n sects: beetles,
bugs, caterpillars, ants,
i nsect eggs.
1 44
Migration
Name
Arrive
Egg
Depart
Size (in.)
No.
81
House Wren
DC
NY
StL
SF
M-Apr
L-Apr
M-Apr
E-Mar
SR
SR
SR
SR
M-Oct
E-Oct
M-Oct
L-Oct
0.7 X 0.5
5-10
Dull white, densely spotted with brown.
82
Ruby-crowned
King let
NY E-Apr
B M-Apr
StL E-Oct
p
M-Apr
Tr
Tr
Tr
SR
L-Oct
M-Oct
L-A r
M- ct
4-9
0.5 X 0.4
White to crea m . S i m i lar
to Golden-crowned Kinglet.
83
Golden-crowned
Kinglet
DC
NY
StL
SF
WR M-Apr
E-Oct
L-Sept
WR M-Apr
L-Sept
WR L-Apr
Perma nent Resident
0.6 X 0.4
5- 1 0
White t o crea m; spotted
with pale brown .
84
Blue-gra
Gnatcatc er
DC
NY
StL
SF
SR M-Sept
M-Apr
L-Apr
SR E-Sept
SR L-Sept
L-Mar
Permanent Resident
4-5
0.6 X 0.5
W h i t e o r b l u i s h w h i te;
speckled with brown .
85
Eastern Bluebird
DC Permanent Resident
NY M-Mar
SR M-Nov
SR L-Nov
StL L-Feb
p
Permanent Resident
0.9 X 0. 7
4-6
Pale blue; ra rely white;
unma rked.
86
Wood Thrush
DC
NY
B
StL
L-Apr
E-May
M-May
L-Apr
M-Oct
E-Oct
M-Sept
E-Oct
3-5
1 . 1 X 0.8
B r i g h t reenish b l u e ; u n marke .
87
Hermit Thrush
DC
NY
B
SF
M-Oct
WR E-May
E-Apr
SR M-Nov
M-Apr
SR E-Nov
Permanent Resident
0.9 X 0. 7
G re e n i s h
marked.
88
American Robin
DC
NY
StL
SF
Permanent Resident
E-Mar
SR M-Nov
Permanent Resident
Permanent Resident
1 .2 X 0.8
G re e n i s h b l u e ;
spotted.
89
Gray Catbird
DC L-Apr
NY E-May
StL L-Apr
90
Northam
Mockingbird
DC Permanent Resident
StL Permanent Resident
SF Permanent Resident
SR
SR
SR
SR
&
SR L-Oct
SR E-Oct
SR M-Oct
blue;
3-4
un-
3-5
rarely
4-6
0.9 X 0. 7
Deep g re e n i s h b l u e or
bluish green; unmarked.
3-6
1 .0 X 0 . 8
Greenish t o b l u e ; spotted
brown, mostly at large
end.
1 45
food
Neab
Materials
location
I n s e c t s : fl i e s , b e e t l e s ,
p l a n t lice; insect eggs.
Te n d r i l s , fi n e b a r k ,
a n d g ra s s e s . F i r m l y
woven a n d covered
with lichens.
On a branch or in a crotch
in tree near water; 1 0-70
ft. up.
Ma i n l y s m a l l i n s e c t s :
beetles, flies, caterpillars,
moths.
Man
insects, including
beet es, weevils,
and
g rasshoppers. Also holly,
dogwood, and other wild
fru its.
Leaves, rootlets, fi ne
twigs. Firmly woven,
with i n n e r w a l l of
mud.
U s u a l l y in s a p l i n g s in
woods; 3-40 ft. up.
B e e t l e s , a n t s , c a t e rp i l
lars, and other i nsects.
Some wild fruits and weed
seeds.
Food similar
Thrush.
Mud w a l l and b o t
t o m , reinforced with
grass, twine, twigs.
Lined with grass.
B e e t l e s , g r a s s h o p p e rs ,
a n d other i nsects; some
wild fruit in season-grape
and holly preferred.
r,
to
Wood
1 46
......
Migration
Name
A rrive
En
Depart
Size (in.)
No.
91
Brown Thrasher
DC
NY
B
Stl
M-Oct
M-Oct
M-Sept
M-Nov
3 -6
1 . 1 x o. s
Grayish or greenish white;
t h i c k l y spotted with
brown.
92
Cedar Waxwing
WR E-June
DC E-Sept
SR M-Nov
NY M-May
Stl L-Sept
WR M-June
Permanent Resident
p
3-5
0.9 X 0.6
Grayish blue; speckled
brown or black, mostly a t
large end.
93
Lag e rhead
Shri e
94
Euro ean
Star ing
96
DC
NY
Stl
SF
96
Black-and-white
Warbler
96
!f.
NY
B
Stl
SF
E-Apr
L-Apr
L-Apr
M-Mar
SR
SR
SR
SR
Tr L-Oct
E-Aug
Tr L-Oct
M-Ma r
Permanent Resident
Perma nent Resident
3-S
1 .0 X 0.8
Dull white; spotted and
light
blotched
with
brown.
4-6
1 .2 X 0.9
Whitish or pale blue; unmarked.
M-Sept
L-Aug
M-Sept
L-Sept
4-5
0.7 X O.S
Pale bluish white; brown
s p o t s form i n g ring a t
larger end.
DC M-Apr
NY L-Apr
Stl M-Apr
SR E-Oct
SR M-Sept
SR L-Sept
4-5
0.7 X 0.5
Greenish white to buff;
spotted and blotched with
brown.
Black-throated
Blue Warbler
DC
NY
B
Stl
E-May
E-May
M-May
E-May
Tr
Tr
Tr
Tr
3-5
0. 7 X 0.5
Crea my white; speckled
with brown and Iavender, mostly at larger end.
98
Common
Yel lowthraat
DC
NY
Stl
SF
SR M-Oct
L-Apr
SR M-Oct
E-May
E-Apr
SR E-Oct
Perma nent Resident
98
Ovenbird
DC L-Apr
NY E-May
Stl L-Apr
SR E-Oct
SR M-Sept
SR E-Oct
4-6
0.8 X 0.6
W h i t e , spotted w i t h
brown, espec i a l l y at
larger end.
98
Northern
Waterthrush
DC L-Apr
B M-May
Stl L-Apr
Tr
Tr
Tr
4-5
0.8 X 0.6
White to cream ; spotted
with brown an gray.
L-Apr
E-May
L-Apr
M-Apr
SR
SR
SR
SR
E-Oct
L-Sept
M-Sept
M-Sept
L-Sept
E-Sept
L-Sept
3-5
0.7 X 0.5
Crea my wh ite; speckled
with brown and black;
chiefly at large end.
1 47
Materials
Location
B e e t l e s , g r a s s h o p pe r s ,
caterpillan, etc. Also some
acorns and wild fru it.
I n s e c t s ; g r a s s h o p p e rs ,
beetles; some small ro
dents and birds.
Large, p o o r l y b u i l t
nest o f grasses and
twigs.
B e e t l e s , g r a s s h o p p e rs ,
and other insects; wild
and cultivated fruits and
g ra i n .
S t r i p s of fi n e b a r k ,
g rasses; l i n ed w i t h
rootlets or hoin.
On ground, at base of
trees, logs, or rocks.
P l a n t l i c e , c a t e r p i l l a rs ,
beetles, sca le a n d othe
i n sects.
B a r k , fi n e g r a s s e s ,
p i n e ne6d les. Lining
of black rootlets.
I n heavy undergrowth of
dense woods; 1 - 1 0 ft. up.
I n s e c t s : c a n k e rw o r m s ,
weev i l s , l eafhop pers,
caterpillars, etc.
On leaf-covered ground in
open woods.
B e e t l e s , g r a s s h o p pe r s ,
and other ground in sects.
Worms and spiden.
On ground in a mossy
bank or under roots of
fa llen tree.
1 48
P age
Migration
Name
A r rive
Eggs
Depar t
No.
M-May
E-May
M-May
L-Apr
0.7 X 0 . 5
4-5
White, speckled with
brown; often fonning ring
at larger end.
DC L-Apr
B
E-May
StL M-Apr
SR E-Oct
SR M-Sept
SR L-Sept
0 . 7 X 0.5
4-5
Bluish white; brown spots
occasionally ringing large
end.
Wilson's
Warbler
DC
NY
StL
SF
E-May
M-May
E-May
L-Ma r
Tr
Tr
Tr
SR
L-Sept
M-Sept
M-Sept
L-Sept
0 . 7 X 0.5
4-5
White or pinkish; brown
spots f o r m i n g r i n g at
larger end.
1 02
Red-eyed Vi reo
DC E-May
B M-May
StL M-Apr
p
E-May
SR
SR
SR
SR
E-Oct
M-Sept
E-Oct
L-Sept
3-4
0.9 X 0.6
White, sparsel speckled
with brown or lack.
1 03
Scarlet Tanager
DC L-Apr
B M-May
StL L-Apr
SR E-Oct
SR M-Sept
SR E-Oct
0.9 X 0. 7
3-4
Pale reenish or bluish;
speck ed brown at larger
end.
1 04
Northam
Cardinal
1 05
Rose-breasted
Grosbeak
DC E-May
NY M-May
StL L-Apr
Tr E-Oct
SR M-Sept
SR E-Oct
0.9 X 0. 7
4-5
Pale blue; spotted with
brown.
1 06
Indigo Bunting
DC L-Apr
B M-May
S t L L-Apr
SR E-Oct
SR M-Sept
SR L-Oct
0.7 X 0.6
3-4
Pale b l u i s h wh ite; unmarked.
1 07
Rufous-sided
Towhee
NY M-Apr
B L-Apr
StL E-Mar
SR E-Oct
SR E-Oct
SR L-Nov
1 .0 X 0 . 7
4-5
White or inkish; brown
specks at a rge end.
1 08
Brown Towhee
Permanent Resident
1 00
Yel low-rumped
Warbler
DC
NY
StL
SF
1 00
American
Redstart
1 00
L-Sept
L-Sept
M-Sept
L-Sept
WR
WR
WR
WR
Size (in.J
r,
I .O X 0 . 7
3-4
Pale bluish white; final
s p o t t e d w i t h red d i s
brown.
r.
1 .0 X 0 . 7
3-4
Va riable; b l u i s h marked
with purple and black.
1 49
Food
Nests
Materials
Location
Plant fibers; l i n i ng of
grasses.
loose nest of fi n e
t w i g s , w e e d s , root
lets.
I n se c t s , i n c l u d i n g b e e
t l e s , c a t e i l l a rs , a n t s ,
bees. W i l
fruits when
ava i lable.
W i l d fru i t s a n d weed
seeds. Insects, worms, and
spiders.
O n g ro u n d o r in l o w
bushes. Less t h a n I 0 ft.
up.
'/
1 50
Page
Mlf""""'
Name
....
Arrive
Depart
NY M-Apr
B M-Apr
StL E-Mar
SR L-Oct
SR M-Oct
SR L-Nov
3-5
0.7 X 0.5
W h i t e t o p a l e b l u e or
ree n ; s p e c k l e d w i t h
rown.
American Tree
Sparrow
NY M-Nov
B L-Oct
StL M-Nov
L-Oct
p
WR
WR
WR
WR
L-Mar
E-Apr
L-Mar
M-Mar
4-5
0.8 X 0.6
Pale green ish or b l u ish
reen; speckled with light
rown.
110
Vesper Sparrow
DC E-Apr
B M-Apr
StL M-Ma r
p
E-Apr
SR
SR
Tr
SR
L-Oct
M-Oct
E-Nov
M-Sept
4-5
0.9 X 0.6
Dull white; thickly spotted with brown.
1 12
Chipping
S parrow
DC
B
StL
SF
L-Mar
M-Apr
L-Mar
M-Apr
SR
SR
SR
SR
E-Nov
M-Oct
L-Oct
M-Oct
4-5
0.7 X 0.5
Greenish blue; speckled
w i t h b r o w n , m o s t l y at
larger end.
112
White-crowned
Sparrow
DC
NY
StL
SF
Tr M-Nov
E-May
Tr L-Oct
M-May
M-Apr
Tr L-Nov
Permanent Resident
1 12
White-throated
Sparrow
DC L-Sept
NY L-Sept
StL E-Oct
1 14
Song Sparrow
Permanent Resident
over much of its range
1 10
110
Field Sparrow
WR M-May
Tr M-May
Tr M-May
Size (in.)
No.
g
g
4-5
0.9 X 0. 6
Bluish and greenish
wh ite, spotted with
brown.
4-5
0.8 X 0.6
White to bluish; speckled
and blotched with reddish brown.
4-5
0.8 X 0.6
Va riable. White or greenish; s otted and speckled
with rown.
114
Swam p Sparrow
DC E-Oct
B M-Apr
StL E-Oct
WR E-May
S R M-Oct
WR L-Apr
4-5
0 . 8 X 0.6
Bluish white; spotted or
blotched with brown.
1 14
Fox Sparrow
DC
NY
StL
SF
L-Oct
M-Oct
E-Oct
E-Oct
Tr
Tr
Tr
WR
E-Apr
M-Apr
M-Apr
L-Apr
4-5
0 . 8 X 0.6
Greenish white; spotted
with d u l l brown.
1 16
Dark-eyed
J unco
DC E-Oct
NY L-Sept
StL E-Oct
E-Oct
p
WR
WR
WR
WR
E-May
E-May
L-Apr
M-Mar
4-5
0.8 X 0.6
Pa le blu ish wh ite; brown
spots ma form ring at
larger en .
1 51
NHfS
Materials
Location
Coarse grasses,
weeds, rootlets.
Lined with fine grass
and hairs.
S i m i l a r to American Tree
s a rrw, with some use
o gra o n .
On ground or in stunted
conifers near timberline;
near water.
L a rg e l y w e e d s e e d s ;
crabgrass,
p i gweed,
sedge, etc. S o m e i nsects
eaten .
Coa rse g r a s s . L i n e d
w i t h fi n e r g ra s s e s ,
rootlets, hairs.
Weed s e e d s of m a n y
kinds; some gra i n , and
various insects.
Grasses, fi ne twigs,
rootlets. Thickly l i ned
with hair.
In trees or b u s h e s ; i n
shrubbery near houses; 335 ft. u p . R a re l y on
ground.
Weed s e e d s , o a t s , a n d
timothy; leafhoppers and
other common i n sects.
Grasses, m o s s , a n d
roo t l e t s . L i n e d w i t h
hair.
Usually on ground or i n
c l u m p o f grass in woods
or thickets.
Grasses,
ro o t l e t s ,
moss, strips of bark.
Lined
with
fi n e r
grasses.
U s u a l l y on ground i n
h e d g e ro w s a n d w o o d
land undergrowth.
On g ro u n d o r in l o w
bushes; in grass thickets
or sapli ngs. U p to 8 ft.;
ra rely 1 5 ft.
S e e d s of w e e d s a n d
grasses. Beetles, caterpil
lars, and other i nsects.
O n g ro u n d o r in low
bushes; coniferous forests
or a l d e r t h i c k ets p r e
ferred.
Grasses, m o s s , a n d
roo t l e t s . L i n e d w i t h
fi ne grass a n d hair.
1 52
Pa t
Name
Mit ration
Arrive
117
Eastern
Mea!lowlarlc
DC
NY
B
Stl
11B
Bobolink
DC E-May
B M-May
Stl E-May
p
L-May
1 19
Red-wi
Blackbi
DC
NY
Stl
SF
1 20
Ett
Depart
Permanent Resident
M-Ma r
SR L-Oct
L-Mar
S R L-Oct
Permanent Resident
Tr
SR
Tr
SR
Size (in .)
No.
1 . 1 x o.B
3-7
Wh ite; completely spotted a n d s p e c k l e d w i t h
brown .
L-Sept
M-Sept
L-May
M-Sept
4-7
0.9 X 0.6
Dull white; spotted and
blotched with brown and
gray.
SR M-Nov
M-Feb
M-Ma r
S R L-Oct
E-Mar
S R E-Nov
Permanent Resident
3-5
1 .0 X 0.7
B l u i s h w h i te ; i rre u l a r
spots a n d streaks o purpie and black.
Brewer's
Blackbird
Stl M-Ma r
Tr E-Apr
SF Permanent Resident
p
Permanent Resident
4-7
1 .0 X O .B
Dull w h i t e ; a l m o s t entirel spotted with brown
and lack.
121
Common
Grackle
DC M-Feb
S R L-Nov
NY E-Mar
S R E-Nov
Stl Permanent Resident
1 . 2 X 0.8
3-7
B l u i s h white; s eckled
and spotted dar brown
to black.
1 22
Brown-headed
Cowbird
DC E-Mar
NY M-Ma r
Stl E-Mar
p
E-May
SR
SR
SR
SR
E-Nov
M-Oct
L-Nov
L-Sept
0.9 X 0.7
4-5
White or blu ish; heavily
s p e c k l e d w i t h g ray o r
brown.
1 23
Northern
Oriole
DC L-Apr
NY M-May
Stl M-Apr
Tr L-Sept
SR E-Sept
SR E-Sept
0.9 X 0.6
4-6
White; i rregular streaks
and blotches of brown and
black.
1 24
Purple Finch
DC
NY
Stl
SF
E-Oct
WR E-May
L-Mar
Tr E-Nov
E-Oct
WR L-Apr
Permanent Resident
4-6
O.B X 0.6
Blue; s o tted and speckled wit brown at larger
end.
1 25
House Finch
Permanent Resident
3-5
O.B X 0.6
Pale blue, nearly white;
t h i n l y speckled with
black.
1 26
American
Goldfinch
Permanent Resident
3-6
0.7 X 0.5
P a l e b l u i s h w h i te ; u n marked .
1 27
House Sparrow
Permanent Resident
throughout its ra nge
4-7
0.9 X 0.6
W h i t e to d u l l b r o w n ;
speckled w i t h brown.
':l ed
'i,
1 53
N..ts
Food
M a te ria ls
Location
U s u a l ly on g r o u n d i n
grassy fields or meadows.
G ra i n a n d w i l d g r a s s
seeds, wild fruits, grass
h o p pe r s , a n d o t h e r i n
sects.
O n g ro u n d i n t h e t a l l
meadow g rasses.
W i l d rice, c u l t ivated
grains, weed seeds, cat
e rp i l l a rs a n d o t h e r i n
sects.
C o a rse g r a s s e s a n d
weeds. Lined w i t h
finer grass a n d root
lets.
Tw i g s a n d coa rse
grass. Lined with finer
grass.
On ground or in shrubs or
coniferous trees; 0- 1 0 ft.
up.
O a t s and other g ra i n ,
weed seeds, s o m e i n
sects.
None added.
H a n g i n g from e n d of
branches in shade or fruit
trees; 1 0-90 ft. up.
Tw i g s , g r a s s e s , a n d
rootlets. Thickly lined
with hairs.
F i n e g ra s s e s , b a r k ,
moss; thickly l i ned
w i t h thistledown.
Of any available ma
teri a l : stri ng, straw,
twigs, paper, etc.
1 54
BIRD I NG AI DS
PLAC E S F OR
STU D Y I N G
BI RDS
U N I T E D STAT E S
A l a b a m a : D a u p h i n I s l a n d . A r i z o n a : Huachuca Mts . , Tom bstone . Ar
kansas: White R iver N W R , St. Charles. C a l i forn i a : Tu le-Kiamath Basin,
Tu l e l a ke; Sacramento NWR, W i l lows; Yosemite N P. C o l o ra d o : Rocky Mt.
N P. C o n n e c t i c u t : A u d u bon Nature Center, Greenw i c h . De l a w a r e :
B o m b a y H o o k N W R , S myrna . F l o r i d a : Everg lades N P. , H omestead ; S t .
M a r k s N W R , S t . Ma r k s . Georg i a : Okefenokee N W R , F o l kston . I l l i n o i s :
Chautauqua N W R , Hava n a . K a n sa s : Cheyenne Botto m s , Great B e n d .
Lou i s i a n a : S a b i ne N W R , H a ckberry. Ma r y l a n d : Ocean C i t y ; P o c o
moke R i v e r Swa m p , Powe l l sv i l l e . M as sa c h u s e tts : P o r k e r R iver N W R ,
Newburyport; M o n o m o y N W R , S o u t h Chath a m . M i c h i g a n : S e n e y N W R ,
Seney. M i n n esota : I t a s c a S t a t e P k . M i s s i s s i p p i : N o x u bee N W R ,
Brooksvi l l e . M o n ta n a : Red Rock L a k e s N W R , L i m o . N e b r a s k a : Va l e n
tine N W R , Va l e n t i n e . N e w H a m p s h i re : Connecticut L a k e s , P i ttsburg .
C A N A DA
Al berta : Banff N P. M a n itoba : C h u rch i l l ; R i d i ng Mt. N P. O n t a r i o :
A l g o n q u i n P r ov i n c i a l P k . ; P t . P e l e e N P. Q u e b e c : Bonaventure I s .
1 56
SCIENTI F I C
NAM E S
18
19
21
22
23
24
25
26
27
28
29
30
31
32
33
34
35
36
37
38
39
40
41
42
43
44
45
46
47
48
49
50
nerpes lewis
P i ne Siskin: Carduelis pinus
Cyanocitta stelleri
Icteric virens
Gavia i m mer
Podilymbus pod iceps
Ardea herod ias
Butorides striatus
Bubulcus ibis
Cygnus columbianus
Bra nta canadensis
Anas platyrhynchos
Anas rubripes
Aix sponsa
Anas acuta
Aythya va lisi neria
Mergus merganser
Fulica americana
Charadrius vociferus
Ga l l i nago g a l l i nago
Tri nga flavipes
Actitis macularia
Calidris minutilla
larus argentatus
Sterna h i rundo
Turkey: Cathartes aura
Black: Coragyps atratus
Pandion hal iaetus
Haliaeetus leucocephalus
Acc i piter cooperii
Buteo jamaicensis
Falco sparver ius
Phasianus colchicus
Bonasa umbellus
Colinus virginianus
51
52
53
54
55
56
57
58
59
60
61
62
63
64
65
66
67
68
69
70
71
72
73
74
75
76
77
78
79
80
81
82
83
84
1 57
85
86
87
88
89
90
91
92
93
94
95
97
99
101
1 02
1 03
1 04
1 05
1 06
1 07
1 08
1 09
1 1 1
Sialia sialis
Hylacichla muste l i na
Catharus guttatus
Turdus migratorius
Dumetella carol i nensis
Mimus polyglottos
Toxostoma rufum
Bombyc i l l a cedrorum
Lanius ludovicianus
Sturnus vulgaris
Dendroica petechia
Yel low: Dendroica petechia
Black-and-white: Mniotilta
varia
B lack-throated Blue:
Dendroica caerulescens
Yel l owthroat: Geoth lypis
trichas
Ovenbird: Seiurus
auroca p i l l u s
Northern Waterthrush:
Seiurus noveboracensis
Yel l ow-rumped: Dendroica
coronata
American Redstart:
Setophaga ruticilla
Wilson's: Wilsonia pusilla
Vireo o l ivaceus
P i ranga o l ivacea
Card i n a l i s card ina l i s
Pheucticus l udovicianus
Passerine cyanea
Pipilo erythrophtha lmus
Pipilo fuscus
Spizella passerina
F i e l d : Spizella pusilla
Tree : Spizella arborea
Vesper: Pooecetes
gramineus
1 1 3 Chipping: Spizella
115
116
117
118
119
1 20
1 21
1 22
1 23
1 24
1 25
1 26
1 27
1 28
1 29
1 30
1 55
passeri ne
White-crowned :
Zonotrichia leucophrys
White-throated :
Zonotrichia albicollis
Song: Melospiza melodia
Swamp: Melospiza
georg iana
Fox : Passerella i l iaca
J unco hyemalis
Sturnella magna
Dali chonyx oryzivorus
Agelaius phoeniceus
E uphagus cyanocephalus
Quisca lus quiscula
Molothrus ater
Icterus galbula
Carpodacus purpureus
Carpodacus mexicanus
Cardue l i s tristis
Passer domesticus
Arctic Ter n : Sterna
parad i saea
Townsend's Wa rbler:
Dendroica townsendi
Dickcisse l : Spiza
americana
Upland Sandpiper:
Bartram i a longicauda
Red Knot: Calidris canutus
Thrush: lxoreus naevi u s
Grosbeak : Coccothraustes
vesperti n u s
Great Egret: Casmerod ius
a l bus
Heron: Egretta caerulea
Roadrunner: Geococcyx
californianus
--1.----
1 58
INDEX
Asteri sks ( * ) denote pages o n which birds are i l l ustrated .
A r c t i c Te r n , * 1 2 8
"'
"'
,.... w
...
w
o()
w
"'
<.:)
z
02
:::>
"'
....
:1:
Band i n g , * 1 9
B a rn- Ow l , C o m m o n ,
*54, 1 38 - 1 39
Bills, * 1 4- * 1 5
B i rd houses, * 1 7
B i rd "
adaptat i o n s , 1 4 - 1 5
attracti n g , 1 6 - 1 7
c l a ss i f i c a t i o n of, 913
counts, 2 0
fa m i l y t r e e of, * 1 2 *13
fee d i n g , 1 6- 1 7
l i f e h i st o r i e s , 2 0
parts of, 8, 1 4 - 1 5
B i rd watch i n g , 4 - 7 ,
1 55
B i t t e r n , A m e r i ca n , 24
B l a c k b i r d , B rewer's ,
* 1 20 , 1 5 2 - 1 5 3
Red-winged, * 1 1 9,
1 52- 1 53
R u s t y, 1 2 0
Tr i c o l o r e d , 1 1 9
B l u e b i r d s , * 8 5 , 1 4 41 45
B l u e J ay, * 1 8 , * 76 ,
1 42- 1 43
Bobo l i n k , * 1 1 8 ,
1 52 - 1 53
Bobwhite, N o r t h e r n ,
* 5 0 , 1 3 6- 1 3 7
Books, reference, 1 54
B r a n t , 27
B u n t i n g s , * 1 06 ,
1 48 - 1 49
B u s h t i t , 79
Canada Goose, * 2 7 ,
1 32- 1 33
Canva s b a c k , * 3 2 ,
1 34 - 1 3 5
C a rd i n a l , N o r t h e r n ,
* 1 04 , 1 4 8 - 1 4 9
C a t b i r d , G ray, * 89 ,
1 44 - 1 45
C a t t l e Egret. * 2 5 ,
1 3 2- 1 33
C h a t , Ye l l owbrea sted , * 1 9
C h ickadees, * 78 ,
1 42 - 1 43
C h u c k - w i l l 's-wi dow,
58
Coot, A m e r i c a n , * 3 4 ,
1 3 4 - 1 35
Cowb i r d , Brownheaded , * 1 2 2 ,
1 52- 1 53
Creeper, Brown, * 8 0 ,
1 42 - 1 43
Crows, * 7 5 ,
1 42- 1 43
Cuckoos, * 5 3 ,
1 3 8 - 1 39
D i c k c i ssel , * 1 2 8
Dove, Common
G ro u n d- , 5 1
Inca, 52
Mourn i n g , * 5 2 ,
1 3 8 - 1 39
Rock, * 5 1 , 1 3 8- 1 39
White-winged, 52
Dowitcher, 3 6
D u c k , American B l a c k ,
*29, 1 32- 1 33
lesser Sca u p , 32
Ma l l a r d , * 2 8 , 1 3 2 1 33
Mot t l e d , 2 9
Northern P i n ta i l ,
* 3 1 , 1 34 - 1 35
Woo d , * 3 0 , 1 3 2 1 33
E a g l e s , * 44, 1 36- 1 3 7
Egret, Cattle, *25,
1 32 - 1 33
Great, 2 5 , * 1 30
Snowy, 2 5
E m p i donax F l ycatc h e r s , 69
Evening Grosbeak,
* 1 30
F a l c o n , Pereg r i n e , 4 7
Feathers, * 1 4 - * 1 5
Feed i n g s t a t i o n s , * 1 6*17
Feet, * 1 4 - * 1 5
f i n c h , C a s s i n's, 1 24
House, * 1 25 ,
1 52- 1 53
P u r p l e , * 1 24 , 1 25 ,
1 52- 1 53
fish Hawk. See
Osprey
f l i cker, N or t h e r n ,
* 6 3 , 1 40 - 1 4 1
f l ycatcher, Aca d i a n ,
69
A l d e r, 69
Ash-throated, 6 7
D u sky, 6 9
Gray, 69
Great C rested ,
* 6 7 , 1 40 - 1 4 1
H a m mond's, 69
least, * 6 9 , 1 40141
Wester n , 69
W i l l ow, 69
Ye l l ow- b e l l i e d , 69
F lywa ys, * 1 2 8 - * 1 2 9
Gadwa l l , 2 9
Gallinule, Florida.
See Moorhe n ,
Common
Gnatcatchers, * 8 4 ,
1 44 - 1 45
Godw i t , M a r b l e d , 3 7
Goldfinch, American,
* 1 26 , 1 52 - 1 53
lesser, 1 2 6
Goose, C a n a d a , * 2 7 ,
1 32- 1 33
Goshawk, N o r t h e r n ,
45
Grackles, * 1 2 1 , 1 521 53
Great Blue H e r o n ,
* 2 3 , 1 32- 1 33
Grebes, * 2 2 , 1 3 2 - 1 3 3
1 59
Grosbe a k , B l a c k headed, 1 05
Even i n g , 1 05 , * 1 3 0
Rose-breasted ,
* 1 05 , 1 4 8 - 1 49
Gro u n d - D ove , 5 1
Grouse, Ruffe d , * 49,
1 3 6- 1 3 7
Sharp-ta i l e d , 49
Gulls, *40, 1 34 - 1 35
Hawk, B r o a d - w i n g e d ,
46
Cooper's, * 4 5 ,
1 36- 1 37
F i s h . See Osprey
Red - s h o u l d e r e d , 4 6
Red-ta i l e d , * 4 6 ,
1 36- 1 37
S ha r p- s h i n n e d , 45
Swa i n son's, 46
Heron , B la c k - c r owned
N ight-, 23
Great Blue, * 2 3 ,
1 32- 1 33
Green - b a c k e d ,
* 24 , 1 3 2 - 1 3 3
little Blue, 24, 25,
* 1 30
Tr i c o l o r e d , 1 3
Hummingbirds, *60,
1 38- 1 39
I n d i g o B u n t i n g , * 1 06 ,
1 4 8 - 1 49
Jay, B l u e , * 1 B. * 7 6 ,
1 42 - 1 43
P i nyon , 76
Scrub , 76
Steller's, * 1 8 , 76
J u n c o , D a r k - eyed ,
1 1 0, * 1 1 6,
1 5 0- 1 5 1
Ye l l ow-eyed , 1 1 6
Kestre l , A m e r i c a n ,
* 4 7 , 1 36- 1 37
K i l ldeer, * 3 5 , 1 341 35
K i n g b i r d s , * 66 , 6 7 ,
1 40- 1 4 1
K in g fi s he r s , * 6 1 , 1 40141
Kinglet, Goldencrowned, * 8 3 ,
1 44- 1 45
R u by-crowned,
* 8 2 , 1 44 - 1 4 5
l a r k , H a r n e d , * 70 ,
1 40- 1 4 1
loons, * 2 1 , 1 3 2 - 1 3 3
Mag p i e s , * 74 , 1 4 2 1 43
Mallard, * 2 8 , 1 321 33
Martin, Purple, * 7 1 ,
1 42- 1 43
Meadow l a r k s , 70,
* 1 1 7 , 1 52 - 1 53
Mergansers, * 3 3 ,
1 34 - 1 3 5
Merl i n , 4 7
Migration, 1 28 - 1 30
Mock i n g b i r d , N o r t h e r n , * 90, 1 44 1 45
Moorhen, C o m m o n ,
34
N a t i o n a l p a r k s , 1 55
N i g hthawk s , 5 8 , * 5 9 ,
1 3 8- 1 3 9
N ight-Heron, Blackcrowned, 2 3
N uthatch, Brownheaded, 77
Pygmy, 77
Red - breasted , 77
W h i t e - breasted,
* 7 7 , 1 42 - 1 4 3
O r i o l e , B a l t i m o r e . See
O r i o l e , N o rt h ern
Northern, * 1 23 ,
1 52 - 1 53
Orchard, 1 23
Osprey, * 4 3 , 1 3 6 - 1 3 7
Oven b i r d , 98- * 9 9 ,
1 46- 1 4 7
Ow l , B a r n - , * 5 4 , 1 3 8 1 39
Barred, 5 5
Burrowi n g , 5 6
Great H o r ned , * 5 5 ,
1 38- 1 39
Owl (cont . ) ,
long-ea red , 5 5
Saw-whet, 5 6
Screec h - , *56, 1 3 8 1 39
Spotted , 5 5
Pewee s , Wood - , 6 8
Ph easan t , R i n g necked , * 4 8 ,
1 36- 1 37
Phoebes , * 6 8 , 1 40 141
Pigeons, * 5 1 , 1 381 39
P i n ta i l , N o r t h e r n ,
* 3 1 , 1 34- 1 35
P i p i t , Water, 70
P l over, S e m i pa l mated ,
35
Poor-wi l l , C o m m o n ,
58
Prairie-Chickens, 48,
49
Pyrr h u l o x i a , 1 04
Qu a i l s , * 5 0 , 1 3 6- 1 3 7
Raven, C o m m o n , 75
Redhead , 3 2
Red K n o t , * 1 2 9
R e d s t a r t s , 1 00 - * 1 0 1 ,
1 48 - 1 49
Red-winged B l a c k b i r d ,
* 1 1 9 , 1 5 2- 1 53
Refuges, 1 B
notional w i l d l ife,
1 55
R o a d r u n ner, Greater,
* 1 55
Robin, American, * 8 8 ,
1 44 - 1 45
Rock Dove, * 5 1 ,
1 38- 1 39
S a n d p i per, least,
* 3 9 , 1 34 - 1 3 5
S e m i p a l m a te d , 3 9
S o l i ta r y, 3 8
Spotted , * 3 8 , 1 34 1 35
U p land, * 1 29
Weste r n , 3 9
White-rumped, 39
1 60
<i)
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Swa n , Mute, 2 6
Tu n d r a , * 2 6 , 1 3 2 1 33
W h i s t l i n g . See
Swa n , Tu ndra
Swifts, 5 7 , 1 3 8- 1 3 9
Ta nagers, *1 0 3 , 1 4 8 1 49
Tea l , Green-wi nged ,
31
Te r n , Arct i c , * 1 2 8
Caspian, 4 1
C o m m o n , 4 1 , 1 3 61 37
Forster's, 4 1
least, 4 1
T h ra s her, Brown, 8 6 ,
* 9 1 , 1 46 - 1 4 7
C a l iforn i a , 9 1
le Conte's, 9 1
Sage, 9 1
T h r u s h , Graycheeked , 8 7
Hermit, *87, 1 1 4 ,
1 44 - 1 45
Swa i n son's, 8 7
Va ried , 8 8 , * 1 30
Wood , *86, 87,
1 44 - 1 45
T i t m o u s e , Tufted, * 79 ,
1 42- 1 43
Towhee, Abert's, 1 08
Brown, * 1 0 8 , 1 4 8 1 49
Green-ta i l e d , 1 08
Rufou s - s i d e d , * 1 07 ,
1 48- 1 49
Tu rkey Vu lt u re, * 4 2 ,
1 36- 1 37
Veery, 8 6 , 87
Vi reos, * 1 0 2 , 1 4 81 49
Vultures, *42, 1 3 61 37
Wa r bl er, Black-andwhite, 96- * 9 7 ,
1 46 - 1 4 7
B l a c k po l l , 96
B l a c k -throated
B l u e , 96- * 9 7 ,
1 46 - 1 4 7
Wa r b l e r {c o nt . ) ,
B l a c k - t h roated
Gray, 96
B l a c k - t h roated
Green, 96
C e r u l e a n , 96
Ho oded , 1 00
Kentucky, 98
Magno l i a , 1 00
Myr t l e . See Wa rbier, Ye l l owrumped
Ora nge-crowned ,
96
Townsend's, * 1 2 8
W i lson's , 1 00 * 1 0 1 , 1 4 8 - 1 49
Ye l l ow, * 95 , 9 6 * 9 7 , 1 46 - 1 4 7
Ye l l ow - r u m p e d , 9 5 ,
1 00 - * 1 0 1 , 1 48 1 49
Ye l l owthroat. See
Ye l l owthroa t ,
Common
Wate r t h r u s h e s , 9 8 * 99 , 1 46 - 1 4 7
Waxw i n g , Bohem i a n ,
92
C e d a r, * 92, 1 46 1 47
Whimbrel, 37
W h i p - poor -w i l l , * 5 8 ,
1 38- 1 39
W i g e o n , A m e r i c a n , 30
Wil let, 37
Woodcoc k , A m e r i c a n ,
36
Wood pecker, A c o r n , 6 2
Downy, * 1 6 , * 65 ,
1 40- 1 4 1
H a i ry, 6 5
lew i s ' , * 1 6
Red - be l l i e d , 6 2
Red-headed, * 6 2 ,
1 40- 1 4 1
Wood - Pewees , 68
Wren s , * 8 1 , 1 44 - 1 45
Ye l l o w l e g s , lesser,
* 3 7 , 1 34 - 1 3 5
Ye l l owt h ro at , C o m m o n , 9 8 - * 99 ,
1 46- 1 4 7
A B C D E F
BIRDS
A GOLDEN GUIDE
HERBERT S. ZIM, Ph . D. , Sc . D. , an originator and
North A m erica .
GOLDEN PRESS
NEW YORK
24 05 3
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A GOLDEN GUIDE
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