THIẾT KẾ GIÁ NÂNG HÀNG THỦY LỰC PDF

THIT K GI NNG HNG THY LC
AMECH
TI LIU THIT K
Li Ni u
T cui th k 19 v sang th k 20, cng vi s pht trin mnh m ca nhiu
ngnh khoa hc k thut khc nhau th vic ng dng H Thng Truyn ng Thy
Lc - Kh Nn cng c nghin cu v s dng rng ri hn. C th l trong cc
ngnh nh: My cng c CNC, giao thng vn ti( t, my bay, tu thy, cng ngh
v tr), my xy dng, my p phun, my dp, my y khoa, dy chuyn ch bin
thc phm, my nng h. S d H Thng Truyn ng Thy Lc - Kh Nn c
ng dng a dng nh vy l do n c nhng u im kh ni bt so vi cc c cu
truyn ng c kh khc. V d nh: Truyn ng c cng sut cao v lc ln; Kt
cu gn nh; iu khin ti u; Lm vic c trong mi trng khc nghit; iu
chnh c vn tc lm vic tinh v v cp; Nh qun tnh nh ca bm, ng c
thy lc v tnh chu nn ca du nn h thng c th lm vic vn tc cao m
khng s b va p mnh; Nh c van an ton nn h thng khng phi lo v vn
qu ti hoc s c c bit t khi my tnh in t ra i th vic ng dng ca H
Thng Truyn ng Thy Lc - Kh Nn vo cc dy truyn t ng ha cng tr nn
r rng v tin li hn rt nhiu.
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TI LIU THIT K
BN THUYT MINH
Yu Cu Lm Vic :
1.
1.1.
Yu cu v c cu nng :
C cu nng hng c dng gi nng nng vt nng c khi lng tnh
ton l 5000 (kg). y ta s dng h thng thy lc nng hng.
C cu nng gm c: 2 xi lanh t thng ng song song vi nhau; 1 trc
nm ngang ni hai u cn xi lanh vi nhau; 2 dng dc c lp trn trc nm

ngang; 2 dy xch lp vt qua hai dng dc, mt u gn vi gi nng hng, u kia
gn vo gi c nh; Gi nng gm hai cng nng v bnh xe.
Gi nng chuyn ng u khi nng ti ln vi vn tc nng l v = 0,1
(m/s). Chiu cao nng ti a l H = 3,5 (m).

1.2.
Yu cu v h thng thy lc :
m bo p sut v lu lng nng c ti trng tnh ton v vn tc
nng n nh theo tnh ton.
m bo an ton khi sy ra s c. V d : V ng ng p lc; Ti trng
nng vt qu gi tr cho php; Ti ri t do.
m bo ti u khi vn hnh : Khng rung git khi vn hnh; Khng sinh
nhit qu ln; Kt cu n gin; Vn hnh r rng.
Yu cu s dng hai xi lanh mc song song thng ng.
Yu cu s dng bm c lu lng ring l qb = 50 (cm3 /vg) v p sut
nh mc l P = 165 (kg/cm2). Bm c ko bng ng c in.

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TI LIU THIT K
Tnh Ton Thit K H Thng :
2.
Thit K S Thy Lc :
2.1.
2.1.1.
S thy lc :
Cc phn t thy lc trong s :
1- B du.
6- Cm van mt chiu v van tit lu c iu khin.
2- Van an ton.
7- Xi lanh lc.
3- Bm ngun.
8- Van mt chiu c iu khin.
4- ng h o p sut.
9- Van phn phi 4/3.
5- Van phn phi 2B2.
10- Cm thit b lm mt.

11- Cm thit b lc du.

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2.1.2.
2.1.2.1.
TI LIU THIT K
Kt cu v nguyn l lm vic ca s thy lc :

Kt cu v chc nng ca cc phn t trong s thy lc: Trong s
thy lc ta s dng cc phn t thy lc sau:
1- B du: ng lng du cn thit cho hot ng ca h thng.
2- Van an ton: m bo p sut ca h thng khng vt qu gi tr cho
php, nhm bo v an ton cho cc thit b ca h thng khng b ph hng v h

thng lm vic ng yu cu thit k.
3- Bm ngun: Cung cp p sut v lu lng cho ton b h thng thy
4- ng h o p sut: Dng o p sut ti u ra ca bm. T xc
lc.
nh c iu kin lm vic c th ca bm trong tng trng hp khc nhau.
5- Van phn phi 2B2: Van ny c c im l v tr thng m x du
gim ti cho bm khi h thng cha lm vic. Van ny ch ng khi h thng lm

vic v n c iu khin bng in.
6- Cm van tit lu v van mt chiu: Cu to gm mt van tit lu v mt
van mt chiu lp song song vi nhau. Cm van ny c tc dng l: khi nng ti cho
dng du i qua van mt chiu m bo tc nng tnh ton, cn khi h ti th li
cho dng du i qua van tit lu gim tc trnh hin tng va p.
7- Xi lanh lc: To lc cn thit nng v h ti cao cn thit c th.
8- Van mt chiu c iu khin: c lp st u di ca xi lanh, s dng
dng ng cao p m. C tc dng dng ti khi ng ng cao p b v (khi h

ti) khng cho vt nng ri t do, ng thi kt hp vi van phn phi 4/3 c th
dng ti v tr cao bt k.
9- Van phn phi 4/3 (c cc ca A, B, T thng nhau): C tc dng iu
khin hot ng ca xi lanh t cho php ta nng h ti mt cch r rng. Khi kt

hp vi hai van mt chiu c iu khin (nh ni trn) n cn cho php dng ti
ti cao bt k (trong phm vi cho php).
10- Cm cc thit b lm mt: Gm c thit b lm mt mc song song vi
mt kha. Thit b lm mt dng lm mt du ca h thng, trnh trng hp du

qu nng dn n thay i tnh cht ca du hoc du b si lm sut hin bt kh
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TI LIU THIT K
trong du h thng lm vic khng n nh (c th gy rung, git). Kha c tc

dng cho du i qua khi khng cn lm mt, trnh tn tht trn thit b lm mt.
11- Cm lc du: Gm c lc du mc song song vi van mt chiu. Lc
du c lp ng x ca h thng, c tc dng lc sch cn bn do du v cc

thit b bn trong h thng h thng sinh ra. Van mt chiu c tc dng cho dng du
i qua khi lc du b tc do qu nhiu cn bn, trnh ph hy mng lc.
2.1.2.2.
Nguyn l lm vic ca s thu lc : H thng thy lc lm vic
trong cc ch sau:
Ch ch : L ch m khi bm hot ng nhng cha nng ti.
ch ny van s 5 trng thi m c tc dng x du gim ti cho bm; Van

phn phi 4/3 v tr trung gian; Cc van khc cha hot ng. Dng du t bm
c x qua van s 5 v b.
Ch nng ti : ch ny th van s 5 ng, du t bm c cp cho
h thng; Van phn phi s 9 lm vic v tr bn tri (nh s ); Cm van s 6 lm

vic ch van mt chiu; Van mt chiu c iu khin s 8 lm vic nh van mt
chiu bnh thng. Trong h thng c hai dng du lin tc l :
Dng du 1 : Bt u t b du s 1 Bm du s 3 Van phn phi
s 9 Cm van s 6 Van mt chiu c iu khin s 8 u di
ca xi lanh lc s 7.
Dng du 2 : Bt u t u trn ca xi lanh lc s 7 Van phn phi
s 9 Cm lm mt s 10 Cm lc du s 11 B du s 1.
Kt qu l cn xi lanh lc c nng ln, ng thi ti trng cng c nng
ln theo.
Ch h ti : ch ny van s 5 ng, du t bm c cp cho h
thng; Van phn phi s 9 lm vic v tr bn phi( nh hnh v); Cm van s 6 lm

vic ch van tit lu; Van mt chiu c iu khin s 8 lm vic ch ngc,
hai van ny c m nh dng du ng cao p. H thng c hai dng du lin
tc l :
Dng du 1 : Bt u t b du s 1 Bm du s 3 Van phn phi
s 9 u trn ca xi lanh lc s 7.
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TI LIU THIT K
Dng du 2 : Bt u t u di ca xi lanh lc s 7 Van mt chiu

c iu khin s 8 Cm van s 6 Van phn phi s 9 Cm lm
mt s 10 Cm lc du s 11 B du s 1.
Kt qu l cn xi lanh lc c h xung v ti trng c h xung theo.
Ch gi ti : L ch m khi ti trng c gi mt cao no
. Khi van s 5 m x du gim ti cho bm; Van phn phi s 9 v tr trung

gian ( nh hnh v); Van mt chiu c iu khin s 8 lm vic ch kha, do
dng du cao p lc ny c ni ra b du. Du bt u t b du s 1 Van s 5
B du s 1. Do tc dng kha ca van mt chiu c iu khin s 8, khng cho
du u di ca xi lanh chy v b Kt qu l cn xi lanh c gi mt
cao no Ti trng c gi v tr cao nht nh.
Ch qu ti : L ch m khi h thng hot ng nhng gp s c
no ( V d : Ti trng nng vt qu gi tr cho php; ng cao p b tc)

Kt qu ca n l p sut lm vic trong h thng vt qu gi tr tnh ton cho php.
Khi van an ton s 2 m x du gim ti cho bm, bo v bm v cc thit b thy
lc khc. ch ny dng du bt u t b du s 1 Bm du s 3 Van an
ton s 2 B du s 1.

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TI LIU THIT K
Tnh Ton ng Lc Hc :
2.2.
2.2.1.
Tnh ton lc cng ca xch :

L1
e
N1
Fms1
L4
T
o
G
N2
L2
Fms2
L3

Gi nng chu tc dng ca : Lc cng ( T ), phn lc ( N 1 , N 1 ), lc ma
st tnh ( F ms1 , F ms2 ), trng lc ( G ). Ngoi ra cn c ma st ln ti hai bnh nhng

hai thnh phn ny t trit tiu trong qu trnh tnh ton nn trn hnh v khng th
hin.
Do gi nng chuyn ng u ( a = 0 ) vi vn tc v = 0,1 (m/s) Gi
nng chu tc dng ca h lc cn bng. Nh vy ta c h phng trnh cn bng sau:

Fx = N1 - N 2 = 0
Fy = T - Fms1 - Fms2 - G = 0
M A = -T.( L3 - L1 ) + N 2 .L 4 - Fms1.a - Fms2 .( a + e ) - G.L1 = 0
M B = -T.( L3 - L 2 ) + N1.L 4 + Fms1.( a + e ) + Fms2 .a - G.L 2 = 0
(1) N1 = N2 f.N1 = f.N2 Fms1 = Fms2 .

(2) 2.Fms1 = T G 2.N1 =
T-G
.
f
(2.1)
(3) + (4) -T.( 2.L3 L2 L1 ) +2.N1 .L4 G.( L2 + L1 ) = 0 . (5)

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(1)
(2)
(3)
(4)
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TI LIU THIT K
T (2.1) v (5) suy ra:

T-G
.L4 G.( L2 + L1 ) = 0
f
-T.( 2.L3 L2 L1 ) +
T.(
L4
L
+ L2 + L1 2.L3 ) = G.( L2 + L1 + 4 ) .
f
f
T = G.
L 2 + L1 +
L 2 + L1 +
L4
L4
-2.L3
Theo gi thit ta c: G =
1
1
N = .5000.10 = 25000 (N) ;
2
2
L2 = 0,75 (m) ; L1 = L4 =1 (m) ; L3 = 1,2 (m) ;

f = 0,01.
Nh vy ta c :
T = G.
2.2.2.
L2 + L1 +
L2 L1 +
L4
L4
f
2.L3
25000.
0,75 +1 + 1
0,01
25604 (N).
0,75 + 1 + 1
2.1,2
0,01
Tnh ton lc tc dng vo cn xi lanh: R
T hnh v ta c:
R = 2.T
R = 2. 25604 = 51208 (N) = 51,208 (kN).
Vy lc tc dng vo u cn xi lanh l :
R = 51,208 (kN).

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TI LIU THIT K
Chn bm ngun :
2.3.
2.3.1.
Chn loi bm s dng :

Yu cu ca bm s dng trong h thng :
Lu lng ring : qb = 50 ( cm3/vg) = 0,05 (lt/vg).
p sut nh mc : 160 (at).
Cn c vo yu cu s dng ca bm v khong lm vic ca mt s loi bm

thng dng ta chn loi bm s dng trong h thng l : Bm bnh rng n khp
ngoi.
Theo Catalogue ca hng REXROTH ta chn c loi bm sau :

Hnh dng bm :
Hnh dng mt ct ca bm :
1- V bm.
4- .
2- Np tri.
5- Trc b ng.
3- Trc ch ng ni vi ng c dn ng.
6- Np phi.

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2.3.2.
TI LIU THIT K
Cc thng s chnh ca bm :
K hiu ca bm : 1PF2G4-2X/050RA07MS.
Lu lng ring ca bm l : qb = 50(cm3/vg).
p sut lm vic lin tc cc i : Plvmax = 210 (bar).
p sut tng tc thi : 250 (bar).
Tc ln nht ti Plvmax l : nmax = 2700 (1/ph).
Tc nh nht ti P = 180 (bar) : 500 (1/ph).
Tc nh nht ti Plvmax l : 700 (1/ph).
Khi lng bm : 15,4 (kg).
Chn s b vn tc ca ng c in dn ng bm l : nc = 1450 (vg/ph).
Lu lng ti u ra ca bm s l :
Qb = nb .qb .Q
Trong :
nb l s vng quay ca trc bm. Do khng dng hp gim tc nn nb =
nc = 1450 (vg/ph).
qb l lu lng ring ca bm. Theo gi thit ta c qb = 50 (cm3/vg) =
0,05 (lt/vg).
Q l hiu sut th tch ca bm. Theo ti liu [1] trang 54 vi bm
bnh rng ta c Q = 0,7 0,9 Chn b = 0,8.
Suy ra :
Qb = nb .qb .Q = 1450 .0,05 .0,8 = 58 (lt/ph).
Vy lu lng ti u ra ca bm l :
Qb = 58 (lt/ph).

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TI LIU THIT K
Tnh Ton Thit K Xi Lanh Lc :
2.4.
2.4.1.
Chn loi xi lanh s dng :

Trong bi ton ny ta s s dng loi xi lanh tc dng kp do n c nhng
c tnh ph hp nht vi yu cu bi ton. C th l:

Gi nng hng i hi tc ln xung ch ng v n nh (k c khi
ti trng thay i) Khng th s dng xi lanh tc ng n v n
khng th p ng c iu kin ny.
Hnh trnh ca gi nng khng qu ln, vn trong phm vi p ng c
ca xi lanh tc dng kp, trong khi th xi lanh lng yu hn (nu dng
xi lanh c cng kch thc vi xi lanh tc dng kp), c kt cu phc tp
hn chi ph sn sut ln hn S dng xi lanh tc dng kp s ti
u hn v mt kinh t.
Nu s dng xi lanh quay th phi cn kch thc ca cn xi lanh ln
Phm vi hot ng ln. Do cn phi a vt nng i ln mt qung
ng tng i di so vi xi lanh quay Phm vi lm vic ca h
thng ln Tn din tch vn hnh khi nng, h ti trng. Ngoi ra
th xi lanh quay cng cn mt bung lm vic ln hoc p sut h
thng ln c th to m men quay ln khi nng ti Chi ph
cng s rt ln (kch thc tng Gi thnh xi lanh cng x tng; p
sut tng Gi thnh ca bm tng.)
Trong trng hp ny ta s dng hai xi lanh thng tc dng kp lp song song
kt hp vi dy xch v dng dc cho ta mt c cu nng tit kim v kinh t, din
tch s dng v hiu sut cao.
2.4.2.
Tnh cc kch thc chnh ca xi lanh lc :

Lu lng vo mt xi lanh khi nng ti : Q1
1
Q1 = Qb .Q
2
(Do trong h thng ta s dng hai xi lanh.).
Trong :
Qb l lu lng ti u ra ca bm. Qb = 58 (lt/ph).
Q l hiu sut lu lng ca h thng. Q = 0,84.
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TI LIU THIT K
Suy ra :
1
1
Q1 = Qb .Q = 58 .0,84 = 24,36 (lt/ph).
2
2
Xc nh ng knh xi lanh : D
Ta c :
D2
Q1 = .
.v D =
4 c
4.Q1
.vc
Trong :
Q1 l lu lng vo mt xi lanh trong qu trnh nng ti.
Q1 = 24,36 (lt/ph).
vc l vn tc ca cn xi lanh. vc = 0,05 (m/s) = 30 (dm/ph).
Suy ra :
D=
4.Q1
.vc =
4.24,36
.30
= 1,0168 (dm).
D = 101,68 (mm).
Chn D theo dy kch thc tiu chun ta c : D = 100 (mm).
ng knh cn ca xi lanh l :
d = (0,7 0,8) .D = (0,7 0,8) .100
d = 70 80 (mm).
Chn d theo dy kch thc tiu chun ta c : d = 70 (mm).
Vy ng knh cn xi lanh l :
d = 70 (mm).
Chiu di lm vic ca xi lanh : h
Ta thy khi u cn xi lanh dch chuyn c mt on l x th gi nng dch

chuyn c mt on l 2.x. M theo gi thit gi nng cn nng ln cao Max l
H = 3,5 (m) Chiu di lm vic ca xi lanh l :
h=
1
1
.H = .3,5 = 1,75 (m).
2
2
Vy chiu di lm vic ca xi lanh l :

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TI LIU THIT K
h = 1750 (mm).
D = 100 (mm).
Vy cc kch thc chnh ca xi lanh l : d = 70 (mm).

h = 1750 (mm).
Hnh v kt cu ca xi lanh :
2.4.3.
2.5.
Hnh v bn tri ca xi lanh :
Hnh v bn phi ca xi lanh :
p sut lm vic ca h thng :
p sut ti xi lanh :( Khi nng ti ln)

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TI LIU THIT K
Do cn xi lanh chuyn ng u nn ta c phng trnh cn bng sau:

P1 . .
D2
1
= P2 . . .( D2 - d2 ) + R
4
4
d 4.R
P1 = P2 .1 D2 +
.D2
Trong :
P1 l p sut ti bung y.
P2 l tng tn tht p sut ti ng x. Theo s thy lc ta c :
P2 = P1 + P2 + P3 + P4 .
Vi :
P1 l tn tht trn van phn phi 4/3. P1 = 2 (bar).
P2 l tn tht trn b lm mt. P2 = 1 (bar).
P3 l tn tht trn b lc du. P3 = 3 (bar).
P4 l tn tht dc ng ng. Chn P4 = 1 (bar).
P2 = P1 + P2 + P3 + P4 = 2 + 1 + 3 + 1 = 7 (bar).
d l ng knh ca cn xi lanh. Nh tnh trn ta c : d = 70 (mm).
D l ng knh trong ca xi lanh. D = 100 (mm) = 10 (cm).
R l lc tc dng vo cn xi lanh. Ta c R = 51,208 (kN) = 5120,8 (kg).
Suy ra :
d 4.R
70 2
4.5120,8
P1 = P2 . 1 D2 +
= 68,77 (bar).
2 = 7 . 1 100 +
.D

.102
Vy p sut ti xi lanh l :
P1 = 68,77 (bar).
p sut ti u ra ca bm : Pb

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Pb =
TI LIU THIT K
P1
tl
Trong :
P1 l p sut lm vic ti xi lanh. Nh tnh trn ta c : P1 = 68,77
(bar).
tl l hiu sut thy lc ca h thng. Chn tl = 0,9.
Suy ra :
Pb =
P1 68,77
=
= 76,41 (bar) < [ P ] = 160 (bar).
tl
0,9
Tha mn.

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2.6.
TI LIU THIT K
Tnh chn ng c in dn ng cho bm :
Cng sut lm vic ca bm l :

Nlvb =
Pb.Qb
612
Trong :
Pb l p sut lm vic ca bm. Theo mc ta c : Pb = 76,41 (bar).
Qb l lu lng ti u ra ca bm. Theo mc 2.3.2. ta c Qb = 58
(lt/ph).
Suy ra :
Nlvb =
Pb.Qb 76,41.58
=
= 7,24 (kw).
612
612
Cng sut cn thit trn trc ca ng c in l :

Ncyc =
Nlvb
1
Trong :
Nlvb l cng sut lm vic ca bm. Nlvb = 7,24 (kw).
1 l hiu sut t ng c in n bm: (vi gi thit trc ca ng c
in c ni trc tip vi trc ca bm khng thng qua hp gim tc.)
1 = kn .b
Vi :
kn l hiu sut khp ni. Tra bng B
2.3
[4] ta c : kn =
19
0,99.
b l hiu sut ca bm. Vi loi bm bnh rng theo ti liu [1]
trang 54 ta c : b = 0,6 0,85 Chn b = 0,8.
1 = kn . b = 0,99 . 0,8 = 0,792.
Suy ra :
Ncyc =
Nlvb
7,24
=
= 9,14 (kw).
1
0,792
Tra bng ph lc PL
1.3
[4] chn ng c in tha mn :
236

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TI LIU THIT K
n b 1500 (v/ph).
Nc 9,14 (kw).
Ta chn c ng c tha mn c cc thng s nh sau :

K hiu ng c : 4A132M4Y3.
N cfc 11,0 (kw).
n c 1458 ( v ph ).
d c 38 (mm).

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TI LIU THIT K
Tnh Ton Li iu Kin Lm Vic Ca H Thng :
2.7.
Tnh li vn tc lm vic ca h thng:
2.7.1.
Lu lng ti u ra ca bm :
Qb = nb .qb .Q
Trong :
nb l s vng quay ca trc bm. Do khng dng hp gim tc nn nb =
nc = 1458 (v/ph).
qb l lu lng ring ca bm. Theo gi thit ta c qb = 50 (cm3/vg) =
0,05 (lt/vg).
Q l hiu sut lu lng ca bm. Theo ti liu [1] trang 54 vi bm
bnh rng ta c Q = 0,7 0,9 Chn b = 0,8.
Suy ra :
Qb = nb .qb .Q = 1458 .0,05 .0,8 = 58,32 (lt/ph).
Vy lu lng ti u ra ca bm l :
Qb = 58,32 (lt/ph).
Lu lng vo mt xi lanh khi nng ti : Q1

1
Q1 = Qb .Q
2
(Do trong h thng ta s dng hai xi lanh.).
Trong :
Qb l lu lng ti u ra ca bm. Qb = 58,32 (lt/ph).
Q l hiu sut lu lng ca h thng. Q = 0,84.
Suy ra :
1
1
Q1 = Qb .Q = 58,32 .0,84 = 24,4944 (lt/ph).
2
2
Tnh li vn tc lm vic :
Ta c :
Q1 =
vctt =
D2
.v
4 ctt
4.Q1 4.24,4494
=
= 31,13 (dm/ph) = 0,0518 (m/s).
.D2
.12

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TI LIU THIT K
Sai s vn tc :
v =
vctt - vc
31,13 - 30
.100% =
.100% = 3,77% 5% .
vc
30
Tha mn.
Ti trng nng cho php ca h thng :
2.7.2.
p sut cc i ca bm c th t c : Vi gi thit l s dng ng c
in nh chn v ng c in chy ht cng sut.

Khi cng sut ca bm s l :
Nb = N cfc .1
Trong :
N cfc l cng sut cc i cho php ca ng c in. N cfc = 11,0 (kw).
1 l hiu sut t ng c n bm. 1 = 0,792.
Suy ra :
Nb = N cfc .1 = 11,0 .0,792 = 8,712 (kw).
Mt khc ta li c :
Nb =
Pb.Qb
612.Nb
Pbmaxtt =
612
Qb
Vi : Nb = 8,712 (kw); Qb = 58,32 (lt/ph).

Pbmaxtt =
612.Nb 612.8,712
=
= 91,42 (bar).
Qb
58,32
Pbmaxtt = 91,42 (bar).
p sut Max ti xi lanh :

P1max = Pbmaxtt .tl
Trong :
tl l hiu sut thy lc ca h thng. Chn tl = 0,9 .
Pbmaxtt l p sut ln nht ca bm c th t c vi ng c in nh
chn. Pbmaxtt = 91,42 (bar).
Suy ra :
P1max = Pbmaxtt .tl = 91,42 .0,9 = 82,28 (bar).
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P1max = 82,28 (bar).
Lc tc dng cc i vo u cn ca mt xi lanh : Rmax
T phng trnh cn bng :

P1 . .
D2
1
= P2 . . .( D2 - d2 ) + R
4
4
D2
1
Rmax = P1max . .
- P2 . . .( D2 - d2 )
4
4
Vi cc s liu nh tnh trn ta c :
Rmax = 82,28 . .
102
1
- 7 . . .( 102 - 72 ) = 6181,87 (kg).
4
4
Rmax = 6181,87 (kg) = 61,8187 (kN).

Vy :
Rmax = 61,8187 (kN).
Lc cng cc i ca xch l :
Ta c :
R = 2 .T
Tmax =
1
1
.Rmax = .61,8187 = 30,909 (kN).
2
2
Vy :
Tmax = 30,909 (kN).
Trng lc cc i do ti tc dng ln gi nng l : Gmax
Theo phn tnh lc ta c :

T.(
L4
L
+ L2 + L1 2.L3 ) = G ( L2 + L1 + 4 )
f
f
Gmax = Tmax .
L4 /f + L2 + L1 2.L3
L2 + L1 + L4 /f
Vi cc thng s nh tnh trn ta c :

Tmax = 30,909 (kN);L4 = 1 (m); L2 = 0,75 (m); L1 = 1 (m); L3 = 1,2 (m);
f = 0,01.
Suy ra :

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1/0,01 + 0,75 + 1 2.1,2

L4 /f + L2 + L1 2.L3
Gmax = Tmax .
= 30,909.
0,75 + 1 + 1/0,01
L2 + L1 + L4 /f
Gmax = 30,18 (kN) = 3018 (kg).
Vy :
Gmax = 3018 (kg).
Khi lng nng cho php ca h thng : Mmax

Mmax = 2 .Gmax = 2 .3018 = 6036 (kg).
Mmax = 6036 (kg).

Vy khi lng ln nht m c cu c th nng c l : Mmax = 6036 (kg).

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Tnh Ton V Chn Cc Phn T Thy Lc Khc :
2.8.
2.8.1.
Tnh ton v chn kch thc ng ng :
ng dn cn phi m bo bn c hc v tn tht p sut trong ng nh nht.

gim tn tht p sut, cc ng dn cng ngn cng tt, t b un cong trnh s
bin dng ca tit din v s i hng chuyn ng ca dng du. Kch thc
ng ng c xc nh thng qua lu lng chy qua ng v vn tc chy qua cho
php.
Lu lng chy qua ng :
Q=
.d2
.v d =
4
4.Q
.v
ng knh ng ht : vht 3 (m/s) vhtMax = 3 (m/s) = 1800 (dm/ph).

dht
4.Qb
=
.vhtMax
4.58,32
= 0,203 (dm) = 20,3 (mm).
.1800
Chn : dht 20 (mm).
ng knh ng x : vx 3 (m/s) vxMax = 3 (m/s) = 1800 (dm/ph).

dx
4.Qb
=
.vxMax
4.58,32
= 0,203 (dm) = 20,3 (mm).
.1800
Chn : dx 20 (mm).
ng knh ng y : T s thy lc ta thy phn ng y c ch r
nhnh, lu lng c chia lm hai ng knh ng y s c hai gi tr khc

nhau ng vi hai v tr lp ng ny.
ng knh ng y ti nhng on khng r nhnh : d1
Ta c : vy 3 5 (m/s) Chn vyMax = 5 (m/s) = 3000 (dm/ph).
d1
4.Qb
=
.vyMax
4.58,32
= 0,157 (dm) = 15,7 (mm).
.3000
Chn : d1 16 (mm).
ng knh ng ti nhng on r nhnh : d2
Ta c : vy 3 5 (m/s) Chn vyMax = 4 (m/s) = 2400 (dm/ph).
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d2
TI LIU THIT K
4.Q1
=
.vyMax
4.24,4494
= 0,114 (dm) = 11,4 (mm).
.2400
Chn : d2 12 (mm).
2.8.2.
Chn van mt chiu c iu khin :

iu kin lm vic ca van :
Lu lng qua van : Qv = Q1 = 24,4494 (lt/ph).
p sut cc i ti van : Pv = P1max = 82,28 (bar).
ng knh ng ti v tr lp van : dng = d2 10 (mm).
Da vo iu kin lm vic v theo Catalogue ca hng REXROTH ta chn
c vn mt chiu c iu khin vi cc thng s nh sau :

Hnh dng kt cu :
6- Din tch A1 = 1,33 (cm2).
7- Din tch A2 = 0,33 (cm2).
8- Din tch A3 = 3,8 (cm2).
9- Din tch A4 = 0,79 (cm2).
Tn van : SV6PB1-6XV.
Khi lng : 0,8 (kg).
p sut lm vic Max ca van : PlvMax = 315 (bar).
Lu lng dng du iu khin : 0,68 (cm3 ).
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chnh p m van ( B A) : P 2,5 (bar).

Lu lng ln nht c th qua van : Vmax = 60 (lt/ph).
chnh p m van (A B) : P 3 (bar).
2.8.3.
Chn van phn phi 4/3 :

Lu lng qua van : Qv = Qb = 58,32 (lt/ph).
p sut lm vic cc i ca van : Plvmax = Pbmaxtt = 91,42 (bar).
ng knh ti v tr lp van : dng = d1 18 (mm).
Da vo iu kin lm vic ca van v Catalogue ca hng REXROTH ta
chn c van phn phi 4/3 c cc thng s nh sau :

K hiu :
Tn van : 4WE6J6X/SG24N9K4/V.
Khi lng van : 1,4 (kg).
p sut cc i ti cc ca P, A, B : Pmax(P,A,B) = 315 (bar).
p sut cc i ti ca T : Pmax(T) = 210 (bar).
Lu lng ln nht qua van : Qmax = 60 (lt/ph).
S dng hiu in th : 24 2,4 (VDC).
Cng sut vn hnh van : 26 (w).
Thi gian m van : 20 45 (ms).
Thi gian ng van : 10 25 (ms).
Di nhit lm vic: -20 80 (C).
2.8.4.
Chn van an ton :

p sut lm vic cc i : Plvmax = Pbmaxtt = 91,42 (bar).

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Lu lng ln nht qua van : Qvmax = Qb = 58,32 (lt/ph).
Da vo iu kin lm vic ca van v theo Catalogue ca hng
REXROTH ta chn c loi van nh sau :

K hiu :
Tn van : DBDH10G1/2K1X/100.
p sut lm vic ln nht ti u vo : Pvolvmax = 400 (bar).
p sut lm vic ln nht ti u ra : Pralvmax = 315 (bar).
Khi lng : 0,5 (kg).
2.8.5.
Chn cm van tit lu :

p sut lm vic cc i : Plvmax = Pbmaxtt = 91,42 (bar).
T iu kin lm vic ta chn van theo Catalogue ca hng REXROTH
c van c cc thng s nh sau :

K hiu ca van :
Tn van : MK10G1X/V.
p sut lm vic cc i : Plvmax = 315 (bar).
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chnh p m van mt chiu : 0,5 (bar).

Lu lng ln nht qua van : 200 (lt/ph).
Khi lng ca van : 0,7 (kg).
2.8.6.
Chn cm lm mt :
iu kin lm vic :
p sut p lm vic : 2 5 (bar).
Lu lng qua cm lm mt : 58,32 (lt/ph).
Cng sut ti a ca h thng (b qua mi tn tht): 11 (kw).
Da vo cng sut v lu lng theo ta chn c cm lm mt c k hiu
nh sau:
K hiu ca van :
2.8.7.
Chn cm lc du :
iu kin lm vic :
p sut p lm vic : 2 5 (bar).
Lu lng qua cm lm mt : 58,32 (lt/ph).
Cn c vo iu kin lm vic ta chn trong Catalogue ca hng
REXROTH c cm van c cc thng s nh sau :

K hiu :

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TI LIU THIT K
Tn gi : FILTERMFP160GG20A.0/KP.
p sut lm vic cc i : Plvmax = 8 (bar).
Nhit lm vic : -10 100oC.
Lu lng ln nht qua li lc : Qmax = 100 (lt/ph).
Tn tht cc i trn li lc : Pmax = 2 + 10% (bar).
Khi lng : 2,3 (kg).
2.8.8.
Chn van 2B2 :

iu kin lm vic :
p sut max : Pmax = 91,42 (bar).
Da vo iu kin lm vic, Catalogue ca hng REXROTH ta chn c
van 2B2 vi cc thng s sau :

K hiu :
Tn van : M-2SEW6N3X/420MG24N9K4/P.
p sut lm vic ln nht : Plvmax = 420 (bar).
Khi lng van : 1,5 (kg).
S dng hiu in th : 24 2,4 (VDC).
Cng sut tiu th : 30 (W).
2.8.9.
ng h o p sut :
p sut lm vic cc i : Pmax = Pbmaxtt = 91,42 (bar).
Cn s vo p sut lm vic cc ai v chnh xc yu cu ca h thng
cn o ta chn loi hp l nht.

2.8.10. Tnh ton lng du cn thit :
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Lng du cn cp cho 2 xi lanh :

D2
0,12
V2xl = 2.h .
= 2.1,75 .
= 0,0275 (m3 ).
4
4
Lng du cn thit trong b :

Vb = 1,2 1,5 .(V2xl + V)
Trong : V du trong ng ng v cc thit b thy lc khc(ph thuc vo

ng, kch thc cc phn t thy lc khc, chnh xc ch to). Do ng ng
khng di lm nn ta chn :
1
1
V = .V2xl = .0,0275 = 0,01375 (m3).
2
2
Suy ra :
Vb = (1,2 1,5).(0,0275 + 0,01375) = 0,0495 0,0619 (m3 )
Chn : Vb = 0,055 (m3 ) = 55 (lt/ph).
Ty vo iu kin lp t h thng thc t, kt hp vi lng cn thit ta c
chn c cc kch thc, hnh dng b du hp l.

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MC LC
Trang
1. Yu Cu Lm Vic...................................................................... 1
1.1. Yu cu v c cu nng..................................................................... 1
1.2. Yu cu v h thng thy lc............................................................ 1
2. Tnh Ton Thit K H Thng................................................. 2
2.1. Thit K S Thy Lc................................................................. 2
2.1.1. S thy lc............................................................................... 2
2.1.2. Kt cu v nguyn l lm vic ca s thy lc....................... 3
2.1.2.1. Kt cu v chc nng ca cc phn t thy lc..................... 3
2.1.2.2. Nguyn l lm vic ca s thu lc.................................. 4
2.2. Tnh Ton ng Lc Hc................................................................. 6
2.2.1. Tnh ton lc cng ca xch.......................................................... 6
2.2.2. Tnh ton lc tc dng vo cn xi lanh......................................... 7
2.3. Chn bm ngun............................................................................... 8
2.3.1.
Chn loi bm s dng.............................................................. 8
2.3.2.
Cc thng s chnh ca bm...................................................... 9
2.4. Tnh Ton Thit K Xi Lanh Lc.................................................... 10
2.4.1.
Chn loi xi lanh s dng.......................................................... 10
2.4.2.
Tnh cc kch thc chnh ca xi lanh lc................................. 10
2.4.3.
Hnh v kt cu ca xi lanh........................................................ 12
2.5. p sut lm vic ca h thng.......................................................... 13
2.6. Tnh chn ng c in dn ng cho bm.................................... 15
2.7. Tnh Ton iu Kin Lm Vic Ca H Thng............................. 17
2.7.1.
Tnh li vn tc lm vic ca h thng...................................... 17
2.7.2.
Ti trng nng cho php ca h thng....................................... 18
2.8. Tnh Ton V Chn Cc Phn T Thy Lc Khc....................... 21
2.8.1. Tnh ton v chn kch thc ng ng..................................... 21
2.8.2. Chn van mt chiu c iu khin................................................ 22
2.8.3. Chn van phn phi 4/3................................................................ 23
2.8.4. Chn van an ton.......................................................................... 23
2.8.5. Chn cm van tit lu.................................................................. 24
2.8.6. Chn cm lm mt........................................................................ 25
2.8.7. Chn cm lc du......................................................................... 25
2.8.8. Chn van 2B2............................................................................... 26
2.8.9. ng h o p sut....................................................................... 26
2.8.10. Tnh ton lng du cn thit....................................................... 26
Mc lc............................................................................................................. 28

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THIT K GI NNG HNG THY LC

- 0 - Website : http://amech.net/ ; http://amech.vn/

C cu nng hng c dng gi nng nng vt nng c khi lng tnh

ton l 5000 (kg). y ta s dng h thng thy lc nng hng.

C cu nng gm c: 2 xi lanh t thng ng song song vi nhau; 1 trc

nm ngang ni hai u cn xi lanh vi nhau; 2 dng dc c lp trn trc nm

Gi nng chuyn ng u khi nng ti ln vi vn tc nng l v = 0,1

(m/s). Chiu cao nng ti a l H = 3,5 (m).

m bo p sut v lu lng nng c ti trng tnh ton v vn tc

nng n nh theo tnh ton.

m bo an ton khi sy ra s c. V d : V ng ng p lc; Ti trng

nng vt qu gi tr cho php; Ti ri t do.

m bo ti u khi vn hnh : Khng rung git khi vn hnh; Khng sinh

nhit qu ln; Kt cu n gin; Vn hnh r rng.

Yu cu s dng hai xi lanh mc song song thng ng.

Yu cu s dng bm c lu lng ring l qb = 50 (cm3 /vg) v p sut

nh mc l P = 165 (kg/cm2). Bm c ko bng ng c in.

- 1 - Website : http://amech.net/ ; http://amech.vn/

Tnh Ton Thit K H Thng :

Cc phn t thy lc trong s :

6- Cm van mt chiu v van tit lu c iu khin.

8- Van mt chiu c iu khin.

9- Van phn phi 4/3.

5- Van phn phi 2B2.

10- Cm thit b lm mt.

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Kt cu v nguyn l lm vic ca s thy lc :

thy lc ta s dng cc phn t thy lc sau:

1- B du: ng lng du cn thit cho hot ng ca h thng.

2- Van an ton: m bo p sut ca h thng khng vt qu gi tr cho

php, nhm bo v an ton cho cc thit b ca h thng khng b ph hng v h

3- Bm ngun: Cung cp p sut v lu lng cho ton b h thng thy

4- ng h o p sut: Dng o p sut ti u ra ca bm. T xc

5- Van phn phi 2B2: Van ny c c im l v tr thng m x du

gim ti cho bm khi h thng cha lm vic. Van ny ch ng khi h thng lm

6- Cm van tit lu v van mt chiu: Cu to gm mt van tit lu v mt

7- Xi lanh lc: To lc cn thit nng v h ti cao cn thit c th.

8- Van mt chiu c iu khin: c lp st u di ca xi lanh, s dng

dng ng cao p m. C tc dng dng ti khi ng ng cao p b v (khi h

9- Van phn phi 4/3 (c cc ca A, B, T thng nhau): C tc dng iu

khin hot ng ca xi lanh t cho php ta nng h ti mt cch r rng. Khi kt

10- Cm cc thit b lm mt: Gm c thit b lm mt mc song song vi

mt kha. Thit b lm mt dng lm mt du ca h thng, trnh trng hp du

trong du h thng lm vic khng n nh (c th gy rung, git). Kha c tc

11- Cm lc du: Gm c lc du mc song song vi van mt chiu. Lc

du c lp ng x ca h thng, c tc dng lc sch cn bn do du v cc

Nguyn l lm vic ca s thu lc : H thng thy lc lm vic

Ch ch : L ch m khi bm hot ng nhng cha nng ti.

ch ny van s 5 trng thi m c tc dng x du gim ti cho bm; Van

Ch nng ti : ch ny th van s 5 ng, du t bm c cp cho

h thng; Van phn phi s 9 lm vic v tr bn tri (nh s ); Cm van s 6 lm

Ch h ti : ch ny van s 5 ng, du t bm c cp cho h

thng; Van phn phi s 9 lm vic v tr bn phi( nh hnh v); Cm van s 6 lm

Dng du 2 : Bt u t u di ca xi lanh lc s 7 Van mt chiu

Ch gi ti : L ch m khi ti trng c gi mt cao no

. Khi van s 5 m x du gim ti cho bm; Van phn phi s 9 v tr trung

Ch qu ti : L ch m khi h thng hot ng nhng gp s c

no ( V d : Ti trng nng vt qu gi tr cho php; ng cao p b tc)

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Tnh ton lc cng ca xch :

st tnh ( F ms1 , F ms2 ), trng lc ( G ). Ngoi ra cn c ma st ln ti hai bnh nhng

Do gi nng chuyn ng u ( a = 0 ) vi vn tc v = 0,1 (m/s) Gi

nng chu tc dng ca h lc cn bng. Nh vy ta c h phng trnh cn bng sau: