jynfolYoabmxm;

'kw
Yd m0ef ta&;ok;H yg;
jynfaxmifprk NyKd uaJG &;
wkid ;f &if;om; pnf;vk;H nDw
G rf I rNyKd uaJG &;
tcsKyt
f jcmtmPm wnfwchH idk Nf raJ &;

'kt
Yd a&;
'kt
Yd a&;
'kt
Yd a&;

pnf;urf;vku
d ef m ab;uif;uGm
&yf&mG at;csr;f om,ma&; 0kid ;f 0ef;ulnD apmifx
h ed ;f ay;
pnf;rsO;f udu
k n
f D ab;uif;onf
]Ekid if aH wmf zGpUJ nf;ykH tajccHOya' ay:ayguaf &;onf
jrefrmEdik if o
H m;tm;vk;H \ wm0efjzpfonf}

jynfytm;ud;k ykqed f ;dk tqk;d jrif0g'rD sm;tm; qefu

Y siMf u/
Ekid if aH wmf wnfNird af t;csr;f a&;ESihf Ekid if aH wmf
wk;d wufa&;udk aESmif,
h u
S fzsuq
f ;D olrsm;tm;
qefYusifMu/
Ekid if aH wmf\ jynfwiG ;f a&;udk 0ifa&mufpu
G zf uf
aESmif,
h u
S af om jynfyEdik if rH sm;tm; qefu
Y siMf u/
jynfwiG ;f jynfy tzsuo
f rm;rsm;tm; bk&H efot
l jzpf
owfrw
S f acsreI ;f Mu/

ESpf (60) jynfh vGwv

f yfa&;aeY trsK;d om;a&;OD;wnfcsuf
(u) Edik if aH wmf\ vGwv
f yfa&;ESihf tcsKyt
f jcmtmPm wnfwcHh ikd jf rJa&;twGuf wdik ;f &if;om;tm;vH;k tpOftjrJ vufwGJy;l aygi;f umuG,f
apmifah &Smufa&;?
(c) jynfaxmifpk rjyKd uaJG &;? wdik ;f &if;om; pnf;vH;k nDnw
G rf I rjyKd uaJG &;wdt
Yk wGuf wdik ;f &if;om;tm;vH;k pkaygi;f xde;f odr;f umuG,af &;?
h nfh trsK;d om;nDvmcHu csrw
S cf aJh om tajccHrrl sm;ESihf tao;pdwt
f ajccH&rnfrh rl sm;ESit
hf nD cdik rf monfh
(*) atmifjrifpGmusi;f yjy;D pD;cJo
zGpUJ nf;yHt
k ajccHOay' ay:ayguaf &;?
(C) acwfrDzGHU jzdK;wdk;wufaom pnf;urf;jynfh0onfh 'Drdkua&pD EdkifiHawmfopf wnfaqmufa&;wkdYtwGuf wdkif;&if;om;tm;vHk;u
wufnv
D ufnD tm;oGecf eG pf u
kd f MuKd ;yrf;aqmif&u
G af &;/
(i) Edik if aH wmf a&Sq
U ufomG ;rnfh rl0g'vrf;pOf(7)&yf atmifjrifa&;twGuf wdik ;f &if;om;tm;vH;k u jynfaxmifppk w
d "f mwf? rsK;d csppf w
d "f mwf?
pGev
Yf w
T pf eG pYf m;onfph w
d "f mwf tjynft
h 0jzifh yl;aygi;f yg0ifaqmif&u
G af &;/

Ekid if aH &; OD;wnfcsuf (4) &yf

Ekid if aH wmfwnfNird af &;? &yf&mG at;csr;f om,ma&;ESihf w&m;Oya'pk;d rd;k a&;
trsK;d om; jyefvnf pnf;vk;H nDw
G af &;
ckid rf monfh zGpUJ nf;ykH tajccHOya'opf jzpfay:vma&;
jzpfay:vmonfh zGpUJ nf;ykH tajccHOya'opfEiS t
hf nD acwfrD zGHU NzKd ;wk;d wufaom Ekid if aH wmfopfwpf&yf wnfaqmufa&;

pD;yGm;a&; OD;wnfcsuf (4) &yf

pku
d yf sK;d a&;udk tajccH tjcm;pD;yGm;a&;u@rsm;udv
k nf; bufpzHk HUG NzKd ;wd;k wufatmif wnfaqmufa&;
aps;uGupf ;D yGm;a&;pepf yDjyifpmG jzpfay:vma&;
jynfwiG ;f jynfyrS twwfynmESihf t&if;tES;D rsm; zdwaf c: pD;yGm;a&; zGHU NzKd ;wk;d wufatmif wnfaqmufa&;
Ekid if aH wmfp;D yGm;a&; wpf&yfv;Hk udk zefw;D Edik rf pI rG ;f tm;onf Ekid if aH wmfEiS hf wkid ;f &if;om;jynfow
l \
Ydk vuf0,fwiG &f adS &;

vlraI &; OD;wnfcsuf (4) &yf

wpfrsK;d om;vk;H \ pdw"f mwfEiS hf tusiphf m&dw jrifrh m;a&;
trsK;d *kP?f Zmwd*P
k jf rifrh m;a&;ESihf ,Ofaus;rItarGtESprf sm; trsK;d om;a&;vuPmrsm; raysmufysuaf tmif xde;f odr;f apmifah &Smufa&;
rsK;d csppf w
d "f mwf &Sio
f efxufjrufa&;
wpfrsK;d om;vk;H use;f rmBuchH idk af &;ESihf ynm&nfjrifrh m;a&;

rsuEf mS zH;k cGijhf yKcsut

f rSwf - 5411411107 / apmifa& 500/
xkwaf 0ol - OD;jrifo
h (l 04274) 1082? 2-ok"rm? ajrmufOuvm? &efuek /f
yHEk ydS o
f l - OD;armifviG ?f (02413)/ aevif;yHEk ydS w
f u
kd f? 56? '*Hak wmifpufrZI ek f-2/

uGefysLwm*sme,f

2008 ckEpS ?f azazmf0g&v

D ? trSwf 168

rsufESmzHk;aqmif;yg;

32
tvGefaumif;aom yDpDwpfvH;k 0,f,al &;twGuf
tqkH;pGefaom enf;vrf;rsm;

13

rdrt
d wGuf uGeyf sLwmwpfv;kH 0,f,&l ef &Sv
d mcJh
ygu 2008 ckEpS o
f nf xl;xl;jcm;jcm; a&G;cs,f
0,f,&l awmhrnfEh pS f jzpfonf/ uk,
d &hf UJ bwf*suf
vsmxm;csuw
f pfck &Sad ernfqydk gu ,cktcsed w
f iG f
tqdyk g bwf*suEf iS hf 0,f,jl cif;wGif yg0g ydrk dk
aumif;rGeaf om yDpu
D kd &&SEd idk rf nfh tjyif 0if;'k;d
Apfpwmukv
d nf; toH;k jyKciG &hf aejyD jzpfonf/

2008 ckESpftwGuf MudKwifwGufqxm;Ekdifaom

enf;ynmrsm;

24

ESppf OfEpS w
f idk f; ESpo
f pfO;D umvwGif
wpfEpS w
f mumv twGi;f jzpfxeG ;f vmEkid rf nfh
enf;ynmrsm;ukd rSe;f qwGucf su&f onfh
tavhtxrsm; &Scd o
hJ nf/ okaYd omf urmay:wiG f
xGe;f um;wk;d wufpGmjzifh ajymif;vJvmcJah om
enf;ynmonf rSe;f qxm;onfxuf tpOftjrJ
ykrd dk jrefqefveG ;f vSonf/

New Product

94 uGeyf sLwm owif;ESihf rSwpf k

ukepf nfjyyJrG mS
Apple rS aemufq;Hk ay: xkwu
f ek af wG
rdwq
f ufwifjycJ&h m Apple &JU aemufq;Hk eJY
taumif;qk;H aMunmcsuu
f Mac book
air laptop av;yJjzpfygw,f/

Mac-World Expo

100 uGefysLwm tbd"mef

uGefysLwmtufaq;
46 uReaf wmfEiS hf iphone okrYd [kwf
zkef;rkef;&wJh uRefawmf
vufuikd zf ek ;f awGrmS ygwJh screen av;u
wHqdyfacgif; t&G,favmufom jzpfygw,f/
ao;vGe;f aeygw,f/ Message wdak v;
awGom zwfvdkY&ygw,f/

uGefysLwmtaxGaxG
50 enf;ynmxl;cRefqk& ypnf;rsm;
tMuD;pm; ukrPDMuD;wpfckwGif tvkyfvkyfaecJhvQif rdrd
desktop qDoYdk rnfonfh data rQ ra&mufrD server based
security software jzifh rdrd\ tifwmeuf qufoG,frI
tm;vk;H ukd filtered vkyaf umif; vkyaf ernf jzpfonf/

58 uGefysLwm tE&m,fuif;*gxm
60 avxJrmS vGiahf ewhJ armufpf
64

Intel

uGefysLwmoifcef;pm

eJY wwd,urm

70 rke;f p&maumif;wJh Window Feature-20

Windows version wpfck wpfck xGuaf y:vmwdik ;f
feature topfwpfck ck yg0ifvmpjr[
J k yDpt
D oH;k jyKow
l ikd ;f

vufcH em;vnfxm;Muonf/

80

Great Software, Little - 77

125

Premiere Tutorial

129

PhotoshopTutorial

133 pdwt
f aESmift
h ,Sujf zpfp&m Word jyem
137

Photoshop

jzwfvrf;enf;rsm;

92 y&ifwmvkHjcHKrIpepftwGuf enf;vrf;-10

140 0if;'dk;pfApfpwm ed'gef;

104 pdwf0ifpm;zG,f 0ufbfqkduftnTef;

146 0if;'d;k pf XP twGuf tajccHvrf;nTerf sm;

155 uGefysLwmtar;tajz

REVIEW

113
116

Universe at War
Unreal Tournament

TECHNOLOGY
120 Physics In Game

170

Java Developer Guide

EDITOR
OD;aomif;0if; (yef;cs,f&D)

CONTRIBUTORS
OD;rsdK; (tdkifwDtef;wdwf)? armifarmifMuD;?
pkdif;wifhxl;? aZmfrif;ESifh Modula-2

uGefysLwm*sme,f
197 (c)? yxrxyf? 33 vrf;(txuf)? &efukef/
zkef;- 01-387305/

tvGeaf umif;aom yDpw

D pfv;kH 0,f,al &;twGuf tqH;k pGeaf om vrf;nTecf surf sm;

tu,f rdrt
d wGuf
uGefysLwmwpfvk;H 0,f,l&ef
&SdvmcJhygu 2008 ckESpfonf
xl;xl;jcm;jcm; a&G;cs,f
0,f,l&awmhrnfhESpf
jzpfonf/
[mh'0f rJ sm;\ aps;onf wpfaeYxuf
wpfaeY odoo
d mom avsmeh nf;usqif;
vsuf &Sad Mumif; awGU M u &rnf /
,cifu uk,
d &hf UJ bwf*suf
vsmxm;csuw
f pfck &Sad ernfqydk gu
,cktcsed w
f iG f tqdyk g bwf*suEf iS hf
0,f,jl cif;wGif yg0g ydrk dk aumif;rGeaf om
yDpu
D kd &&SEd idk af pygvrd rfh nf/ xkt
Yd jyif
0if;'k;d Apfpwmukv
d nf; toH;k jyKciG &hf aejy;D
jzpfonft
h avsmuf vkyaf qmifp&m
vkyif ef;aqmifwmrsm;udk,cifuxuf
vSyoGuv
f ufpmG ajz&Si;f cGi&hf Murnf
jzpfonf/ 0,f,l toH;k jy Kawmhrnf
G cf suo
f m &Sjd y;D
[lonfh &nf&,
vsmxm;csuf tqifoifh r&Sad o;ygu
,ck vrf;nTecf surf sm;ESihf tnDom
a&G;cs,q
f ;kH jzwfoifyh g onf/
[mh'0f rJ sm;tay: csucf si;f
Ijrifo;kH oyfEidk af prnfh taetxm;
&So
d mG ;apygvrd rfh nf/ tqH;k pGeaf om
vrf;nTecf surf sm;wGif [mh'0f yJ ikd ;f ?
Yd jyif
aqmhz0f yJ ikd ;f wkt
qufE,
T yf pn;f rsm; tydik ;f yg
taxmuftul jzpfomG ;apygrnf/

azazmf0g&?D 2008

13

uGeyf sLwmtaxGaxG

01

OPERATING SYSTEM

0if;'kd;Apfpwmudk 2007 ckESpf? Zefe0g&Dvukefu

pjyD; xkwfvkyfa&mif;cscJh&m wpfESpfywfvHk; yDpDrsm;
tay: vTrf;rdk;vmcJhonf/ odkY&mwGif acsmarGUajyjypfaom vTrf;rdk;rIrsKd;
r[kwfcJhay/ ESpftawmfMum tuRrf;w0if jzpfcJhjyD;jzpfaom 0if;'kd;tdyfpfyDudk
cufcJpGm ae&mvk,laecJh&onf/ xkdYtjyif xHk;pHtwkdif; topf OS \
csKdU,Gif;csufrsm;wkdYonfvnf; &SdaecJhjyefonf/ Microsoft ukrPDrS vHkYvpkduf
pGmjzifh Service Pack 1 (SP1) udk xkwfvkyfEkdifcJhygonf/ avmavmq,f
ApfpwmESifh wGJzuftoHk;jyKEkdifrnfh toHk;cs aqmhzf0Jydk*&rfrsm; vHkavmufpGm
rxGufEkdifao;aomfvnf; rMumrD vtenf;i,ftwGif; pDumpOfum
xGufay:vmMuawmhrnf/
ApfpwmESifhywfouf rdrdwdkYtaejzifh Consumer Versions av;rsKd;udk
qHk;jzwf a&G;cs,f,l&ef vkdtyfonf/ toHk;jyKoltrsm;pktwGufrl Windows
Media Center wGJzufyg&Sdaom Vista Home Premium onf toifhawmfqHk;
jzpfonf/ if;wGif yg&Sdvmrnfh Windows DVD Maker ESifh Windows
Movie Maker \ high-definition version wkdYjzifhyif ay;&aom tzkd;tc
xkdufwefapygvdrhfrnf/
tvkyfvkyf&eftwGufom uefYowfxm;&Sdrnf[k qHk;jzwfygu Vista Business
udk a&G;cs,f&rnf jzpfonf/ if;udk a&G;cs,fygu azsmfajza&;qkdif&m cHpm;cGifh
rsm; r&Sdapawmhay/ odkYaomf vkyfudkifxm;&Sdonfh package rsm;udk backup
vkyfjcif;ESifh restore vkyfjcif; udpr sm;wdkYESifh tifwmeufqufoG,frIudk
rnfonfhae&mrSm jzpfap access vkyfEkdif&efudpw
dkYtwGufrl vufawGUusus
toHk;cs,lEkdifrnfh tools rsm; &ydkifcGifh &SdoGm;Ekdifonf/ Vista Ultimate url
tqkdyg version ESpfckvHk;\ tcGifhta&;rsm;udk cHpm;cGifh &SdoGm;aponf/
xdkYaemuf vHkjcHKa&;tqifh ydkuGyfuJa&;twGuf BitLocker Drive Encryption
tykdygvmOD;rnfhtjyif aiGaMu;udp &Sif;vif;rIrsm;twGuf vHkjcHKa&;
tumtuG,frsm; xyfaqmif;ay;xm;ygao;onf/
kd;dk;&Sif;&Sif;yHkpHjyK Vista Home Basiconf 0if;'kd;tdyfpfyDxuf omvGefaom
tqifhom &Sdonf/ tvGefMunhfaumif;onfh Aero interface uJhodkYaom tdyfpfyD
ESifh vHk;0uif;uGmoGm;Ekdifonfh toGiftjyifrsKd; odyfyg&Sdvdrhfrnf r[kwfay/
Operating System wpfcktaejzifh tvkyfvkyfay;HkrQjzifh auseyfrI r&Sdolrsm;
twGufrl OS twGufESifh [mh'f0JtwGuf xl;xl;jcm;jcm; yHhydk;&onfh
p&dwfpursm;oufomaernf jzpfonf/

14

uGefysLwm*sme,f

02

PROCESSOR

2007 ckESpfwGif quad-core rsm;

pwif pdk;rdk;vmcJhonfrSm oHo,
jzpfp&m r&Sday/ vuf&Sdae&m&xm;jyD;
aom processor rsm;\ xdyfwGif
ae&m,lEkdifcJhonf/ odkY&mwGif 2007
ckESpfwGif pwifrdwfqufonfh tajc
taeom jzpfjcif;aMumifh 2008 ckESpf
wGifrl yg0gydkrdkaumif;rGefvmapouJh
odkY aps;EIef;vnf; avsmhusvmvdrfh
rnf[k wGufqxm;Edkifygonf/ Intel
jzpfap? AMD jzpfap xkwfvkyfrnfh
quad-core processors rsm;onf
vufvSrf;aom ae&modkY ta&mufydkY
vmMuawmhrnf jzpfonf/ if;wdkYu
rdrd system udk txda&mufqHk;tqifh
rsm; a&mufap&ef ulnDyHhydk;ay;ygvdrhf
rnf/ pifjrifhxufodkY &nfrSef;vdkygu
rl Intel \ vuf&Sd tjrifhqHk;xm;&Sd
onfh Core 2 Extreme QX 9650
onf toifhawmfqHk; jzpfonf/
tqkdyg processor onf aemufqHk;
ay: 45 nanometer (nm) technology ay: tajccHwnfaqmufxm;jyD;
wDxGifqJumvu Penryn [k Code
name ay;xm;cJhonf/ Bearlake [l
onfh chip set topfu front-sidebus speed udk 1.333 MHz txday;
um topfay:xGufvmrnfh DDR3
RAM udkvnf; yHhydk;aqmif&Gufay;Ekdif
ygonf/ AMD \ Phenom [lonfh
xdyfwef;tqifh platform onf
avmavmq,f 2.2 GHz quad-core
phenom 9 CPU jzifh tjrefqHk;
quad-core chips tjzpf ae&m,lxm;
onf/ 2008 ckESpf ESpfv,f ra&mufrD
three-core models rsm; xkwfvkyf&ef
tpDtpOf &SdaMumif;vnf; od&onf/

uGeyf sLwmtaxGaxG
Platform ESpfckvHk;onf application
rsm;\ speed udk tjrifhqHk; jrifhwif
ay;Murnf jzpfaomaMumifh die-hard
games rsm;twGuf ESpfaxmif;tm;&
jzpfMu&onf/(txl;ojzifh World in
Conflict odkYr[kwf Supreme Commander uJhodkYaom *drf;rsm;twGuf

taumif;qHk;yHhydk;ay;Ekdifonf/odkYaomf
2007 ckESpf ukefcgeD;avmufwGif
tajccHuGefysLwm toHk;jyKolrsm;yif
quad-core processor rsm;udk toHk;
jyKEdkifvmaMumif;awGU&onf/
taMumif;rSm Intel Core 2 Quad
Q6600 udk a':vm 280 jzifha&mif;cs
vmaomaMumifh jzpfonf/ xkdodkY aps;
EIef;edrfhusonfh processor rsm;onf
yif rdrdyDpDrsm;twGuf ukwfarmif;

03

ozG,f pGrf;aqmif&nfudk jrifhwifae

ojzifh tm;&auseyfzG,f taetxm;
rsm; &SdaecJhygonf/tu,f xkdYxuf
yif aps;EIef;edrfhusrIudkyg arQmfrSef;ae
ao;onfqkdygu Intel taejzifh jzpf
ap? AMD taejzifhjzpfap dual-core
CPUs wpfyHkwpfyif &Sdaeygvdrhfrnf/
AMD qkdygu Phenom X2 odkY
r[kwf Arthlon X2 pD;&D;&Sdaernf
jzpfouJh odkY Intel twGuf E 6000
pD;&D;&Sdaeygonf/ if;wkdY tm;vHk;\
tjrif h q H k ; EI e f ;
xm;rSm
a':vm 250
0ef;usif
txdom
&Syd gonf/

RAM

RAM technology taejzifh

0,f,ltoHk;jyKMuolrsm;tjrifwGif jrefqefaom
ajymif;vJrIrsm;jzifh ryg0ifcJh[k jrifaumif;jrifMuygvdrhfrnf/ rsKd;qufopfwpfck
twGuf apmifhqdkif;&csdefonf txdkuftavsmuf &SdaecJh&onf/ DDR 2 RAM
onf standard jzpfaeqJyif jzpfonf/ odkY&mwGif if;udk toHk;jyK&jcif;twGuf
tm;rvkdtm;r& jzpfvmMu&jyefygonf/ xkdYtwGuf 2007 ckESpf ESpfv,fydkif;u
twwfEkdifqHk;? tjrefqHk;EIef;xm;udk t&,lvkdaom Intel y&dowftwGuf DDR3
udk pwifrdwfqufay;cJhonf/ (AMD taejzifhrl DDR3 tqifhtxd iJhvifhaom
taetxm; avmavmq,fwGif r&Sdao;ay/) odkY&mwGif DDR3 rSm aps;EIef; MuD;
jrifhvGef;vSonf/ DDR2 \ vkyfEkdifpGrf;tm; yrmPavmufom &SdaevQifyif
DDR \ ukefusp&dwfxuf ESpfqukefus&aMumif; a&;om;azmfjyrIrsm; jrifawGU
ae&onf/ rnfonfhtrsKd;tpm;udk a&G;cs,f,lonf jzpfap? 1GB yrmPxuf
avsmhenf; 0,f,lEkdifaomtajctae r&Sdawmhay/ Word Processing vkyfief;
vkyfudkifolwdkYtaejzifhyif 512 MB awmif;cHvmaomtaetxm; &SdvmcJhygonf/
odkYtwGuf if;\ESpfqcefY ydk;xm;&efvdkjcif;aMumifh 1GB tenf;qHk; vdktyfonf
[k ajymqkd&jcif; jzpfonf/ OS taejzifh MunfhvQifvnf; Vista Home Premium twGufjzpfap? Vista Ultimate twGuf jzpfap toHk;cs,lvkdygu 2 GB
yrmP wyfqifxm;&SdrSom jyD;jynfhpHkaom tajctae &SdoGm;Edkifapygonf/
odkYtwGuf OSs rsm;t&jzpfap? application rsm;t& jzpfap RAM yrmPudk
twwfEkdifqHk; rsm;rsm;xnhfoGif;xm;&Sd&ef vdktyfaeygvdrhfrnf/

16

uGefysLwm*sme,f

04

STORAGE

''Data will always expand to fill

available hard drive space'' qkdwJh

qkddk;pum;wpfck uGefysLwme,fy,f
wGif &SdcJhonf/ Data wkdYrnfonf
hard disk wGif ae&m&Sdoavmuf
tjrJwrf; ae&mcsJU,laernf jzpfonf/
xkdqkddk;pum;onf digital music
rsm; ay:jyLvmjzpfvmonfh tcsdefu
pjyD; yxrqHk; rSefuefrIudk jyqdkvmcJh
onf/ t&nftaoG;aumif;aumif;
jzpffaprnfh music jzpfap? video jzpf
ap ae&m,lrnfh yrmPMuD;aernf
jzpfouJhodkY jrefqefaom EIef;xm;
wpfckjzifh vTJajymif;ay;Ekdifaom
tajctae&Sdae&ygvdrhfrnf/
vnfywfpepfopf Windows Vista
tygt0if aemufydkif;toHk;csaqmhzf0J
ydk*&rfESifh tools twGufaomf
vnf;aumif;? 'DAD'Dkyf&Sifrsm;
twGufaomfvnf;aumif;? ul;,lodrf;
xm;Murnfh kyfjrifoHMum; tpDtpOf
rsm;twGufaomf vnf;aumif; hard
disk twGif; ae&mawmif;qdkrIrsm;
,cifuxuf ykduJvmcJhonf/
uHtm;avsmfpGm odkrSD;EkdifpGrf;tm;rsm;
onfvnf; 1TB (one-terabyte)
txd &Sdonfh hard drive rsm;udk
2007 ckESpftwGif; xkwfvkyfEkdifcJh
onf/ xkdrQruao;? 2009 ckESpf
avmufwGif ,ck &&Sdxm;aom yrmP
xuf oHk;q av;qcefY jzpfvmvdrhf
rnf[laom owif;pum;udkvnf;
wpfqufwnf; Mum;cJhMu&onf/
rnfodkYyifjzpfap avmavmq,f
umvwGif multiple-smaller-capacity drives rsm;jzifh toHk;csae
MuqJ jzpfonf/

uGeyf sLwmtaxGaxG
Oyrmtm;jzifh 500 GB drives ESpfckudk wGJoHk;jcif;onf 1TB hard drive wpfck
0,f,ltoHk;jyKjcif;xuf aps;EIef;oufomaeaponf/ ,aeY uGefysLwmvkyfief;
pOfESifh ywfouf pdwf0ifpm;zG,f&mrsm;udk *kjyKrljcif;r&SdbJ hard drive
toHk;jyKjcif;tay: jcdK;jcHacRwmraeoifhygay/ Music ESifh Video rsm; odkrSD;vkd
onfhwkdif ,cktcsdefwGif hard drive space taejzifh tenf;qHk; 250 GB rQ
txd &Sdaeoifhonf/ odkYrSom toHk;csaqmhzf0Jydk*&rfrsm;udk EkdifEdkifeif;eif;
toHk;csEdkifygvdrhfrnf/ tu,fom AD'D,dkwnf;jzwfjcif;vkyfief;twGuf rdrdyDpD
udk digital video recorder taejzifh toHk;csrnfqkdygu hard disk space
tenf;qHk; 500 GB &Sdxm;&rnf jzpfonf/ txl;ojzifh high-definition t&nf
taoG;jzpfav capacity udk rsm;pGmawmif;cHav jzpfaernf/ Hard drives rsm;
onf speeds trsKd;rsKd;jzifh &SdaeMurnfjzpfaomfvnf; 7200 rpm EIef;xm;jzifh
a,bk,sqefqef wnfaqmufay;rI trsm;qHk;&SdMuonf/ odkYaomf aemufydkif;
wGif 10,000 rpm ESifh 15,000 rpm EIef;xm;&Sdaom hard drives rsm; jrifawGU
vmMu&ygvdrhfrnf/ Drive wpfcktaejzifh jrefqefrI ydkaumif;av gigabyte
wpfcktwGuf usoifhaiG oufomav[k pdwfxJwGif rSwf,lxm;Edkifonf/
odkYtwGuf 10,000 rpm txuf tjrefEIef;&Sdaom models rsm;twGuf capacities rsm; avQmhcswnfaqmufEkdifzG,f tvm;tvm&Sdonf/ aemufwpfcsuf
pOf;pm;&rnfhudpr Sm RAID udp jzpfonf/ RAID (Redundant Array of
Inexpensive Disks) wkdYonf ,HkMunf pdwfcs&rI tjynfht0jzifh performance
wkd;yGm;vmap&ef yHhydk;aqmif&Gufay;Ekdifonf/ RAID wdkYudk t"du yHkpHESpf&yfjzifh
awGUjrifMu&onf/ Level -0 wGif identical drives ESpfckudk aygif;pnf;ay;
Level-1 onf disk ysufpD;rI tvGefw&m enf;yg;aponfh identical drives
ESpfckudk mirrors ozG,f vkyfaqmifay;onf/ odkYtwGuf Level- 0 onf performance udk tenf;i,f wkd;jrifhay;EkdifpGrf;&Sdonf/ odkYaomf hard drive wpfck
cku csKdU,Gif;rI&SdcJhvQif data rsm; tenf;i,fqHk;IH;rI &SdEkdifonf/ Level -1 rSmrl
Layer tydkjzifh vHkjcHKrIay;xm;jcif;aMumifh data qHk;IH;rI tcGifhtvrf; tenf;yg;
qHk; jzpfaponf/ odkYaomf Level 1 \ wefzkd;onf Level 0 \ wefzkd;xuf
ESpfq jzpfaeygvdrhfrnf/

18

uGefysLwm*sme,f

05

EXPANSION, INSIDE &

OUT

armfawmfum;wpfpD; pufcsKdU,Gif;rI
&Sdonfhtcgwkdif; pufzHk;udkzGifh jyif&
rnf jzpfaomfvnf; uGefysLwm
twGufrl xkdodkYvkyfudkif&onfh tajc
tae r&Sday/ tu,f Apple iMac
odkYr[kwf Dell XPS One odkYr[kwf
Gateway One wdkYuJhodkYaom All-inOne trsKd;tpm; expansion slots
rsm;twGuf pdwfylyefp&m rvkdawmh
ay/ odkYaomf tjcm; devices rsm;ESifh
qufoG,frItwGufrl rnfuJhodkYaom
ports rsm;jzpfonfudk odxm;&ef
vdktyfaeygvdrfhrnf/ uGefysLwm
trsm;pk\ aemufbufwGif USB
ports 6 ckrS 8 cktxd yg&Sdvmwwf
onf/ (if;wdYkudk rMumcP jzKwf
jcif;? wyfjcif;? rjyKvkyfonfh
uD;bkwf? armufpfESifh y&ifwmuJhodkY
aom qufoG,frItwGuf toHk;csavh
&Sdonf/) a&SUbufwGif 2 ckcefY yg&Sd
wwfonf/ (if;wdkYudk rMumcP
jzKwfjcif;? wyfjcif; jyKvkyf&onfh
iPod rsm;? flash drives rsm;uJhodkY
aom ud&d,m qufoG,frItwGuf
toHk;csavh&Sdonf/) xkdYtwl Fire
Wire ports rsm;vnf; &Sdae&onf/
(if;wdkYrSmrl Camcorders uJhodkY
tcsKdUaom devices rsm;twGuf
toHk;csEkdifonf) ,cifu xkdodkYaom
Ports tcGifhtvrf;rsm;udk top-end
systems rsm;twGufom yg&Sdvm
wwfaomfvnf; ,cktcg wefzkd;
enf; uGefysLwmrsm;twGufvnf;
tqkdyg tcGifhtvrf;rsm; &SdvmapcJhyg
onf/ xkdYtwl external Serial ATA
[k ac:onfh SATA drive rsm;
twGufvnf; qufoG,fa&; tcGifh

uGeyf sLwmtaxGaxG
tvrf;rsm; ay;xm;Muonf/ csJUxGif
vkyfudkifrI vkdvm;onfh Tinkerers
rsm;twGuf drive bays tykdrsm;? expansion slots rsm;ESifh RAM Slots
rsm;onfvnf; ta&;MuD;aom udp
wpfcktjzpf ,cktcg xnhfoGif;
pOf;pm;&ef vdktyfvmonf/ Drive
bays rsm;qkd&m t&G,ftpm; yHkpH ESpf
rsKd;jzifh&SdEkdifonf/ 5 'or 25 vufr
ESifh 3 'or 5 vufr t&G,ftpm;
wdkY jzpfonf/ if;wdkY\ t&G,ftpm;
tvkduf bays rnfrQ&Sdonfudk odxm;
&rnf/ xyfrHjznfhwif;&rnhf tajc
taersKd;vnf; &SdEkdifygonf/ ae&m
wGif optical drive
xnhfEkdifrnhfae&m
ESifh card reader
xnhfEkdifrnfh ae&m
twGufvnf; xnhf
oGif; pOf;pm;Mu&
ygvdrhfrnf/ Expansion slots rsm;ESifh
ywfouf graphics card rsm;?
sound card rsm;ESifh
network card rsm;
xnhfoGif;,lEkdifrnfh
tajctaeudkvnf;
odxm;&ygOD;rnf/
trsm;tm;jzifh expansion slots 5 ck
xufrenf; vdktyf
vmygawmhrnf/ aemufqHk; pOf;pm;&
rnfhudpr Sm RAM Slots rsm;twGuf
jzpfonf/ ,cktcg 2GB txd wkd;
jrifhEkdifcGifhrsm;ay;xm;Murnf jzpfaomf
vnf; aemifwGif xkdYxufruaom
wkd;jrifh,l&ef vdktyfaumif; vdktyf
vmrnf jzpfonf/ Motherboard
awmfawmfrsm;rsm;onf RAM Slots
av;cktxd ay;xm;avh &Sdonf/

20

uGefysLwm*sme,f

06

GRAPHICS

,aeY mainstream PCs trsm;pkonf

integrated graphics rsm; yg&Sdvm
wwfojzifh armfeDwm
qufoG,fMudK;udk wyfqifvkduf
HkrQjzifh toHk;jyK&ef tqifoifh
jzpfoGm;aponf/ Integrated
aemufqHk;
graphics [k qk d a omf j im;vnf ; ,aeY
ay: Aero effect rsm;txd y if cH p m;cG i f h
&Ekdifygonf/
od k Y a omf tajccH vk y f i ef ; aqmif w mrsm;xuf
ausmfvGefaponfh
rnfonfhudpr qkd graphics oD;jcm; card rsm; xnhfoGif;wyfqif&ef vdktyfvm
ygvdrhfrnf/ txl;ojzifh 3D t&nftaoG;rsKd;udk &,lvkdygu oD;jcm;
xnhfoGif;&rnhf tajctaevdktyfonf/ ,cktcg motherboards rsm;wGif
omreftm;jzifh PCI Express (PCIe) X16 odkY r[kwf PCIe x 162.0 slots wdkYukd
wyfqif toHk;csMuonf/ tqkdyg graphics cards rsm;onf performance
levels trsKd;rsKd;&Sdaernf jzpfouJhodkY aps;EIef; trsKd;rsKd;vnf; &Sdaernf
jzpfonf/ Hard-Core gamers rsm;twGufrl oD;jcm; pOf;pm;&onf/ Cards
rsm;onf top-end nVidia GeForce 8800 GTX graphics engine odkYr[kwf
AMD \Radeon HD 2900 XT engine wdkY qkdygu Life like Visual qkdonfh
yuwdyHk&dyfrsm;udk xkwfvTwfay;EkdifMuygonf/ odkYaomf wefzkd;rsm;rSm
a':vm400 rS a':vm 1000 txd &SdEkdifonf/ xkdYtwl yg0goHk;pGJrIvnf;
ydkwufvmEkdifonf/ tu,f rdrdtaejzifh desktop graphics performance
txGwftxdyftxdom tvdk&Sdaeygu Cross-Fire multicard arrangement
wpfcktwGif; graphics cards ESpfck? oHk;ck odkYr[kwf av;cktxd csdwfquf
toHk;jyKEkdifrnf jzpfonf/ tqkdyg SLI (Scalable Link Interface) technology
udk avmavmq,fumv wGif ESpfckjzifhom toHk;jyKcGifh &Sdaeonf/ rsm;rMumrD
oHk;cktxd cGifhjyKvm p&mtaMumif; &Sdygonf/ if;wdkYukd rMudKufESpfoufao;
ygu nVidia ESifh AMD ESpfckvHk;onf Low-end ESifh midrange cards rsm;
&Edkifygao;onf/ bwf*suf wGufcsuf&olrsm;twGuf nVidia GeForce 8500
ESifh ATI Radeon HD 2400 X T wdkYukd a':vm 100 atmufjzifh 0,f,l
toHk;jyKEkdifygonf/ Radeon HD 2600 X T qkdygu a':vm 150 jzpfjyD;
GeForce 8600 ESifh Radeon HD 3850 odkYr[kwf 3870 wdkYukd a':vm 250
atmufjzifh &Ekdifonf/ tqkdyg aps;EIef;csKdomonfh Cards rsm; taejzifhrl
xdyfwef;t&nftaoG; pGrf;aqmifrIrsKd;vkd ay;pGrf;vdrfhrnf r[kwfay/
txl;ojzifh 3D twGuf arQmfvifhcsuf r&Sday/ odkY&mwGif *drf;upm;&mwGif
vHkavmufaom jznhfwif;rIudkrl ay;pGrf;Ekdifygonf/ tqkdyg cards tm;vHk;onf
Direct X 10 (DX10) udkaomfvnf;aumif;? Vista twGuf vdktyfonfh
tao;pdwf *&yfzpf aqmif&GufrIrsm;udkvnf;aumif; yhHydk;ay;ygonf/

uGeyf sLwmtaxGaxG
07

REMOVABLE STORAGE

vGefcJhaom ESpftenf;i,fu
DVD burner qkdonfrSm uGefysLwm
twGuf rvGJraoGwyf&rnf[k rSwf,lcJhMujcif; r&Sday/ ,aeY vuf&Sd
toHk;jyKaeMuolrsm;onfyif DVD burners wyfqiftoHk;jyKol ta&twGuf
tenf;i,fom &SdaecJhonf/ odkYaomf ,cktcg files rsm;? music rsm;? video
rsm;udk trsm;tjym; oyfoyf&yf&yfjzifh ul;,lodrf;qnf;Ekdif&ef DVD burner
vkdtyfvmygonf/ Drives trsm;pku zippy udk vHkavmufpGm vkyf,lEkdifygrnf/
Write taejzifh 18 X odkYr[kwf 20 X [l wdwdusus&Sd&ef rvdktyfay/ Write
taES;qHk; speeds taejzifh &SdaevQifyif aumif;pGm ul;xnhfEkdifjyD; disc-todisc ul;,lEkdifvQifyif ydk tqifajyoGm;Ekdifapygvdrhfrnf/
odkYaomf tu,f high-definition video twGuf jzpfvmvQifrl Bluray
odkYr[kwf HD DVD drive vkdtyfvmrnf jzpfonf/ Formats ESpfrsKd;vHk;
toHk;csEkdifonfh drives rsm;vnf; &SdaejyD; jzpfonf/ tqkdyg rsKd;qufopf
Blu-ray odkYr[kwf HD DVD burner rsm;onf avmavmq,f aps;EIef;
MuD;jrifhaeqJ jzpfonf/ odkY&mwGif 2008 ckESpftwGif; tqkdyg drives rsm;\
aps;EIef; ododomom usqif;vmEkdifrnf jzpfonfhtjyif high-defintion
formats proliferate taejzifhvnf; &&SdvmzG,f &Sdonf/
tcsKdUaom drives rsm;onf LightScribe odkYr[kwf LabelFlash [k ac:qkd
onfh technologies rsm;udk yHhydk; aqmif&Gufxm;onfudk awGUjrifEkdifygonf/
if;wdkYonf Sharpie marker jzifh wpfcgwnf; Labels rsm; wyfay;vkdufEkdif
aom taetxm; &SdMuygonf/
tjcm; removable storage options rsm;vnf; &Sdaeygao;onf/ xkwfvkyfol
awmfawmfrsm;rsm;u system rSm multiformat memory card reader rsm;
xnhfoGif;ay;wwfonf/ odkYtwGuf cellphone trsKd;rsKd;rS jzpfap? music
player rsm;rSjzpfap? 'pf*spfw,f uifr&mrsm;rS jzpfap vufcH&,lrI?
vTJajymif;rIrsm; vkyfEkdifygvdrhfrnf/ uGefysLwmay:odkY tqkdyg removable
storage rsm;udk vTJajymif;rIrsm; jyKvkyfEkdif&ef tcGifhtvrf;rsm; txl;vkdtyfvm
vsuf &Sdonf/ ,cifu 3-5 inch floppy rsm;udk toHk;jyKMu&mwGif removable
storage taejzifh 0ifqHhrI yrmPenf;enf;jzifhom vufcHaqmif&GufEdkifojzifh
files t&G,ftpm;MuD;MuD; toHk;jyKMucsdefwGif toHk;r0if jzpfoGm;&awmhonf/
odkYtwGuf floppy drive onf oD;jcm;awmif;qkdoltwGufom xkwfvkyfolrsm;
u xnfhoGif;wyfqifay;onf/
tcsKdUaom models rsm;wGif standard DVDs xuf ydk odkrSD;Edkifaom Media
ESifh Pocket Medai Bays rsm;udk toHk;jyKEkdifapygonf/

22

uGefysLwm*sme,f

08

AUDIO

AND

SPEAKERS

enf;ynm wkd;wufjzpfxGef;rIESifh
ywfouf jyD;cJhaom q,fpkESpf
umvtwGif; sound card rsm;udk
oD;jcm; wyfqif toHk;jyKae&mrS
wpfqifh integrated audio tjzpf
xkwfvkyfrIrsm; wkd;wufcJh&onf/
xkd integrated audio rsm;\ t&nf
taoG;onf ododomomMuD; aumif;
rGef jzpfxGef;vmonf/ ,cktcg
system awmfawmfrsm;rsm;wGif pyDum
6 vHk;rS 8 vHk;txd wyfqifEkdifaom
built-in jackes rsm; ygcJh&onf/
*drf;udpE Sifh 'DAD'Dudpw
dkYtjyif
tjcm;toHk;cs aqmhzf0J ydk*&rfrsm;
twGufyg toHk;0ifvmaponf/
pyDumpepftaejzifh 7.1 [lonfh
8 vHk;yg pyDumwpfpHkpm\ a&mif;aps;
rSm a':vm 100 rS a':vm 200
txd &Sdonf/ tqHk;pGefaom &oukd
&,lvdkygu motherboard wGif
Sound Card jznfhwif;,lEkdif&ef PCI
slot yg&Sdvmwwfygonf/ t&nf
taoG;aumif; Sound Card rsm;
xkwfvkyfrIwGif Creative rS
OD;aqmifvsuf &Sdonf/ if;wdkYudk
a':vm 100 atmufjzifh 0,f,l
&&SdEkdifygonf/ rMumao;rDu
advanced X-Fi chipset rsm;udk
tjcm; ukrPDrsm;okdYyg xkwfvkyf
a&mif;csaMumif; awGU&onf/
rnfokdYyifjzpfap Creative taejzifh
aduio ykdif; qkdif&mwGif 15 ESpfwmrQ
a&SUqHk;rS OD;aqmifvmcJhaMumif; awGU&
rnf jzpfonf/

uGeyf sLwmtaxGaxG
09

DISPLAYS & EXTRAS

,cktcg desktop uGefysLwm

0,f,lonfhtcg wGif flat.panel
LCD armfeDwmwpfckudk option taejzifh
azmfjyjyD; a&mif;csavh&Sdonf/ Flat.panel LCD armfeDwmrsm;\
aps;EIef;rSmvnf; oddodomomMuD; avsmhusvmvsuf &Sdaejyefonf/ if;wkdYudk
xkwfvkyfa&mif;cs&mwGif trsm;pkrSm wide-screen armf',frsm; jzpfcJh&onf/
t&G,ftpm;tm;jzifh 17 vufr? 19 vufrESifh vufr 20 rsm;jzifh
xkwfvkyfrIrsm;&Sd&m bwf*suf wGufcsuf&olrsm;twGuf
17 vufronf vufcHEkdifavmufonfh taetxm;txd toHk;jyKcGifh
&Muonf/ tu,f omrefuGefysLwm toHk;csrItwGuf xkdYxuft&G,ftpm;
MuD;rm;aom armfeDwm toHk;jyKvdkolrsm;twGuf 1680 x 1050 pixels txd
resolution &Sdonfh 22 vufrt&G,frsm;udkvnf; pwif xkwfvkyf
a&mif;csaeMujyD jzpfonf/
tu,f rdrdtaejzifh entertainment PC wpfcktjzpf toHk;jyKvkdvQifrl
1920 x 1200 resolution &Sdonfh 24 vufrt&G,fudk tenf;qHk;xm;jyD; 0,f,l
toHk;jyKoifhygonf/ odkYrSom Blu-ray odkYr[kwf HD DVD wdkYjzifh
wGJzufnDoGm;apygvdrhfrnf/ wu,fwrf; vufawGU toHk;csaeMuyHkrsm;udk
avhvmMunhf&m *drf;ESifh azsmfajza&;oufouf toHk;jyKolrsm;onf 2560 x 1600
txd resolution &Sdonf/ vufr 30 t&G,f armfeDwmrsm;udk 0,f,l
toHk;csaeaMumif; awGUae&onf/
rnfokdYyifjzpfap rdrdtvdk&Sdcsuftwkdif;om 0,f,l&ef jzpfonf/ rnfonfh
udpt
wGuf tav;ay; vkyfukdifaprnfqkdonfh tcsufESifh bwf*sufoHk;pGJEkdifrI
tajctaeay:wGifom rlwnf uGJjym;jcm;em;rI &Sdaeygvdrhfrnf/ wpfcsdefwnf;
rSmyif armfeDwm options rsm;&Sd wireless keyboard ESifh mouse udp?
TV-tuner toifhyg&SdrI &Sd r&Sd udp? remote control udpp
onfh options
rsm;udkvnf; xnhfoGif; pOf;pm;Ekdifygao;onf/ tu,f Ethemet Cable udk
rvdkvm;cJhygu 802.11 Wi-Fi wireless card udk xkdufxkdufwefwef toHk;cs
Ekdifonf/ Bluetooth hub wpfcku wireless devices rsm;jzifh uGefysLwmudk
csdwfquftoHk;jyKEkdifcGifh ay;Ekdifygonf/ tcsKdYrSm USB ports rsm;udk toHk;cs
MudK;rJhuD;bkwfESifh aqmhzf0JwkdYudk toHk;cs,lMuonf/

10

WARRANTY, SERVICE
& SUPPORT

av;eufcufcJaom jyem
wpfpHkwpf&m r&SdEkdif[k arQmfvifh
xm;onfhwkdif tcgtm;avsmfpGm
yDpDudk tuning vkyf,l&rnf jzpfonf/
uGefysLwm xkwfvkyfol trsm;pkonf
wpfESpf warranty ay;pjrJjzpfaomf
vnf; tcsKdUonf okH;ESpftxd
warranty ay;olrsm;vnf; &Sdaeyg
onf/
odkYaomf taetxm;
awmfawmfrsm;rsm;onf rdrduGefysLwm
tm; xkwfvkyfrIxJodkY jyefydkYay;jcif;
jzifhom vdktyfonfh jyKjyifrIrsm;?
vJvS,f jyifqifrIrsm;udk vkyfay;avh
&SdMuonf/ odkYaomf extra cost
awmif;cHjyD; tdrfwkdif&ma&muf
service aqmif&Gufay;onfh pepfrsm;
udkvnf; vufcH usifhoHk;wwfMu
ygao;onf/
tenf;qHk; rdrdwdkYtaejzifh online
service jzifh yHhydk;rIudk &,lEkdifMuyg
vdrhfrnf/ Backup Services rsm;
twGuf gigabyte yrmP uefYowf
usifhoHk;rIrsm;vnf; &Sdonf/
xkdYtwGuf uGefysLwm r0,frD
xkwfvkyfol\ warranty odkYr[kwf
service ESifh ywfoufonfh
tmrcHcsufrsm;udk OD;pGm
avhvmxm;oifhonf/ rdrdtwGuf
tm;omcsuf t&EkdifqHk;udk a&G;cs,fjyD;
vufcHMu&rnf jzpfonf/
OD;aomif;0if; (yef;cs,&f )D
[Ref:Computers Shopper,
Jan 2008]

azazmf0g&?D 2008

23

uGefysLwmoifcef;pm

ESppf OfEpS w
f ikd ;f ESpo
f pfO;D umvwGif wpfEpS w
f m umvtwGi;f
jzpfxeG ;f vmEdik rf nfh enf;ynmrsm;udk rSe;f q wGucf su&f onfh tavh
tusirfh sm; &Scd &hJ ygonf/ odaYk omf urmay:wiG f xGe;f um; wd;k wufpmG jzifh
ajymif;vJvmcJhaom enf;ynmonf rSef;qxm;onfxuf tpOftjrJ
ydkrdk jrefqefvGef;vSonf/

24

uGefysLwm*sme,f

uGefysLwmoifcef;pm

2008 ckESpftwGuf
MuKd wif wGuq
f xm;Edik faom enf;ynmrsm;
,cktcg MuKd wif wGuq
f rxm;rdawmhaom tajctaersm;yif ay:ayguv
f mwwfonf/ odt
Yk wGuf vmrnfh 10 ESpf
umvtwGuf arQmrf eS ;f wGuq
f rIrsm;udo
k m jyKvyk cf yhJ gu xda&mufEikd af wmhrnfr[kwaf y/ wpfEpS pf mwGuu
f ed ;f onfyif
cufcpJ mG rSe;f qjy;D ajym&awmhonf/ &Hzef&cH g wGuq
f xm;jcif;r&Sad om xGe;f um; wd;k wufrrI sm;udk MuKH awGEU ikd yf g ao;onf/
&Hzef&cH gvnf; wGuq
f arQmrf eS ;f Muaomfvnf; ay:xu
G v
f mjcif; r&Sad o;onfh tjzpfoepfrsm; &Scd &hJ ygonf/ rnfoyYkd ifjzpfap
2008 ckEpS t
f wGuf jzpfxeG ;f vmEdik rf nfh enf;ynmrsm;udk MuKd wif wGuq
f jyovdyk gonf/
1
Smartphone rsm; yd
k

prwfusvmum aps;uGuf
&S,f,m ydrk kd jrihfwufvmzG,f
&Sjd cif;
tcsuf o nf Mud K
wif wGufqrItopfwpf&yf
r[kwfay/ jyD;cJhaom 2 ESpf
avmuf u p tvm;wl
wGufqrIrsKd;udk xm;&SdcJhMu&
onf/ wGufqonfhtwdkif;
ESpfpOf trSefwu,fjzpfxGef;
cJhonf/ rnfodkYyifjzpfap
2008 ckESpftwGuf t"du
ajymif;vJEikd af om tajctae
ESpf&yf &Sdaeygonf/ yxr
taejzifh ,ckjrifawGUaeMu&
onfh smartphone rsm;xuf
ydk prwfusvSaom tae
txm;rsm; &Sdvmvdrhfrnf[k
,HkMunf&onf/ Processing power awG wkd;jrihfvm
ygvdrhfrnf/ mobile operating system rsm; ,ckxuf

ydk vkyfaqmifvmEdkifvdrhf
rnf/ yd
k jrefqefaom Wireless Networks tcGit
fh vrf;
rsm; &&SdvmzG,f&Sdonf/ jyD;cJh
aomES p f u yif Apple rS
tvGef ao;i,faom t&G,f
tpm;&Sdonfh Smartphone
av;jzifh tifwmeufukd tdwf
uyfxJta&muf ydkYjyEdkifcJhyg
onf/ xdkodkY Apple \ vkyf
csufudk ,SOfjydKifonfhyHkpHjzifh
aomfvnf;aumif;? ydkom
onfyh pkH jH zihaf omfvnf;aumif;
ydk prwfusonfh yHkpHtae
txm;&Sdonfh smartphone
rsm; tMuD;tus,f0ifa&muf
vmrnf h t csd e f jzpf o nf /
Intel tygt0if MuD;us,f
aom ukrP
rD sm;onf Internet in your pocket [laom
acgif;pOfatmufoYkd 0ifa&muf
&ef wmpljyD;jzpfaeMujyD jzpf
onf/
'kwd, wpf csuf rSm

mainstream cell phones

rsm;onfyif ydk intelligence &&Sdvmvdrhfrnf jzpf

um aps;uGuf&S,f,mrsm;
wdk;csJUrI tcGihftvrf;rsm; &Sd
vmvdrfhrnf[laom tcsuf
yif jzpfonf/ ae&mwGif
Google \ Android Platform udk aus;Zl;wif&rnf
jzpfouJhodkY Palm, RIM,
Motorola ESifh tjcm; xkwf
vkyfa&; ukrPDrsm;taejzihf
yd k intelligent &S d a om
mainstream cell phones

rsm; xkwfvkyf a&mif;csvmrI

rsm;ud k v nf ; av;pm;pG m
todtrSwfjyKMu&rnf jzpf
onf/ ,ckESpf ukefqHk;oGm;
csdefwGif wpfurmvHk;twdkif;
twmt& cell phones rsm;
udk a':vmaiG 1 'or 2
bDvD,Hwefzdk;avmuftxd
a&mif;cs&zG,f&SdjyD; smartphone wdk;wufrI 15 &mcdkif

EIe;f jrihw
f ufomG ;onfh tajc
taersm; &Sd Edkif yg onf/
xdkYtwl aps;uGuf &S,f,m
twGufvnf; ,aeY aps;
uGufxuf 8 &mcdkifEIef; jrihf
wufoGm;EdkifzG,f &Sdonf/
2009 ckESpfukefqHk;csdefwGifrl
cell phone a&mif;cs&rI\ 25
&mcdkifEIef;rSm smartphone
rsm;om jzpfvmygvdrhfrnf/
2
Flash-Based Laptops

rsm; trsm;tjym; a&mufvm

zG,f &Sjd cif;
,ck E S p f Zef e 0g&D v
twG i f ; Mac uG e f y sLwm
xkwv
f yk rf v
I yk if ef;wGif flash

azazmf0g&D? 2008

25

uGefysLwmoifcef;pm
udk apple
u rdwfqufvmvdrhfrnf[k
owif;rsm; ysHUESHYaecJhonf/
aumvm[vowif;ozG,f
rSw,
f El ikd af omfvnf; Apple
onf ,ckESpftwGif; rvGJ
raoG flash-based laptop
ud k xk w f v k y f v d r h f r nf j zpf
ouJhodkY yDpDuGefysLwm xkwf
vkyfol trsm;tjym;onf
vnf; tvm;wl yHkpHjyK laptop rsm;ud k uk r P D t rsKd ;
tpm;tvd k u f rvG J r aoG
xkwfvkyfvmMuygvdrhfrnf/
ta&;MuD;qHk;tcsufrSm ,ck
ESpftwGuf xGufay:vmrnfh
clamshell Laptops opf
wdkYonf toGifopf ultraportables ud k tav;ay;
rdwfquf xkwfvkyfvmvdrhf
rnf[laomtcsufyif jzpf
onf/ avmavmq,f flash
memory rsm;\ aps;EIef;
onf tawmftwef &SdaecJh
aomf v nf ; flash-based
ultraportables opf r sm;
xkwfvkyfvmonfhtcg 16
GB, 32 GB odYr
k [kwf 64 GB
hard drives rsm;\ aps;EIef;
onf odoo
d m avsmhusoGm;
zG,f &Sdonf/ qdkvdkonfrSm
uGefysLwm 0,f,l toHk;jyK
Muolrsm;taejzihf rwlnD
aom yHkpHwpfrsKd;jzihf toHk;cs
vmrnfhoabm jzpfonf/
Laptop uGey
f sLwm\ toGif
tjyifopfrsm;udk jrifawGUEdkif
MujyD; mobile companions
[kyif ac:a0: orkwfMuyg
vdrrfh nf/ ,aeYaps;uGuw
f iG f
&S d a ejyD ; jzpf a om Laptop
-based laptop

26

rsm;wGif 80GB yrmP&Sad om

hard drive rS 120 GB txd
trsm;tjym; &Sad eMujyD; tcsKUd
onf 180 GB yrmPtxd
yif oHk;pGJaeMuonf/
quf v uf xG u f a y:
vmrnfh Flash-based clamshell laptop opfrsm;wGif
tvm;wl 0ifqrhH I yrmPrsm;
udk jznfhwif;ay;vmMujyD;
application aygif;pHk toHk;
csEdkifaprI odkYr[kwf Web
browsing jynfhjynfh00 vkyf
aqmifEdkifrI tcGihftvrf;rsm;
yg&S d v mMuygvd r h f r nf /
BlackBerrys od k Y r[k w f
smartphone uJo
h Ykd Limitations rsm; &Sdaernf/ if;wdkY
twGuf U1 trsKd;tpm;tcsKdU
vdktyfrnf jzpfonf/ if;rSm
yifryDpDodkY rnfonfh Files
rsm; tvdk&Sd odrf;xm;ay;&
rnf[k ajymap yifr yDpED iS fh
tqdkyg Laptop wdkY tcsdef
wdik ;f wGif csed u
f u
kd v
f yk af qmif
aeMuygvdrrhf nf/ xdo
k Ykd vkyf
aqmif&eftwGuf built-in
GoTo MyPC &Sdae&ygvdrhf

uGefysLwm*sme,f

rnf/ rdrv
d rf;ay:wGif a&muf
aepOf ta&;ay: aqmif&Guf
jyD; tdrfjyefa&mufonfhtcg
rdrdyDpDay:wGif toihf&Sdae
rnfhoabmjzpfonf/ 2008
ckESpf ESpfukefydkif;avmufwGif
tenf ; qH k ; Flash-based
mobile companions topf
ig;rsKd; xGuf&SdjyD; jzpfaeMu
um tqdkyg flash-based
mobiles companions

onf tvGef ta&;ygaom

udpw
pf&yftjzpf xkwfvkyf
a&;ukrPDwdkif; tav;xm;
aqmif&u
G v
f suf &Sad eMuvdrfh
rnf[k wGufqEdkifygonf/
3
Basic PC rsm;

rdwq
f ufvmzG,f&jSd cif;
2008 ckESpfwGif basic
PCs rsm; zefw;D &ef wGe;f tm;
tppftrSefrsm; jrifawGUMu&
ygvd r h f r nf / bare-bones
uGefysLwmrsm;\ aps;EIef;udk
275 a':vmrS 350 a':vm
twGi;f owfrw
S Mf uum aps;
uGuf wdk;csJUEdkifa&; OD;wnf

aqmif & G u f v mMuonf u d k

awGU&rnf jzpfonf/ avm
avmq,f rdrdwdkYtaejzifh
X0-1 Laptop ESifh ASUS
Eee PC 4 G wdkYtm; tvm;
wl tajctaejzifh rdwfquf
ay;xm;jyD ; jzpf y gonf /
odkYaomf if;wdkY toGiftjyif
onf tqdkyg tqihftwef;
\ icebery uJo
h Ykdaom vuf
wdkY tnTef;ozG,fom jzpf
xGe;f aeao;onf/ aemifwiG f
tdrfoHk;rsm;twGuf 'kwd,
rsKd;quf? wwd,rsKd;qufEiS hf
pwkwrsKd;quf[l qihfum
qihfum jrifawGUvm&onfh
tcg xl;xl;jcm;jcm; tHhMo
zG,f r[kwfawmhbJ topf
topfwdkYtm; tuRrf;w0if
jzpfoGm;aprnfh yHkpH tae
txm;jzpfonf/
4
Social Networks rsm;
twGuf Botnets rsm;jzifh

ypfrw
S f jzpfvmEdik jf cif;
,cktcg social networks rsm; vlMudKufrsm; a&
yef;pm;vmaeonf jzpfonfh
tavsmuf vHkjcHKa&;qdkif&m
jcdrf;ajcmufrIrsm;taejzifh
aemufvmrnfh t"duypfrw
S f
ae&mjzpfvmvdrrfh nf[k arQmf
vihf wGuq
f xm;vm&onf/
Botnets rsm;onf identity
theft tygt0if vHkjcHKa&;
qdik &f mjyemopfrsm; trsK;d
tpm;yHpk rH wlapbJ 0ifa&muf
aESmihf,Suf&ef enf;vrf;rsm;
&SmMujyD; wdkufcdkuf zsufqD;
vmzG,f &Sdonf/

uGefysLwmoifcef;pm

McAfee, Symantec,
Microsoft wd k Y ES i f h twl
Apple onf y if tqd k y g

tE&m,frsm;taMumif; *k
wpdkuf avhvmaeMu&jyD;
rnfodkY tumtuG,fjyKMu&
rnfukd tylwjyif; MuHqvkyf
udkifaeMu&onf/ odkY&mwGif
social networks rsm;tae
jzifh tenf;ESihf trsm; usL;
ausmf xdyg;jcif;awmh rvJG
raoG cHpm;Mu&ygvdrhfrnf/
5
Smartphones rsm; taejzifh
Identity Theft ESihf Virus

wdt
Yk wGuf ypfrw
S rf sm;
jzpfvmzG,&f jdS cif;
Smartphones rsm;\
aps;uGuf&S,f,monf odod
omom wdk;wufvmaejcif;?
ydk ay:jyLvmjzpfvmjcif;?
yd
k yg0gtiftm; aumif;vm
jcif;ESifh Web access tcGihf
tvrf; ydk&Sdvmjcif;wdkY jzpf
xGe;f vmonft
h avsmuf &mZ
0wfrI jzpfxGef;Edkifonfh element toGifrsKd; aqmifvm

28

ygvdrhfrnf/ xdkYtwl 2008

ckESpftwGif; botnets rsm;
twGufjzpfap? Adkif;&yfpfrsm;
twG u f jzpf a p identity
theft rsm;twGujf zpfap? t"d
u ypfrSwf jzpfvmvdrfhrnf
[k ,HkMunfxm;Mu&onf/
avmavmq,f umvtxd
tqdyk g smart mobile platform twGuf avmufavmuf
vm;vm;? rsm;rsm;pm;pm;
security tools rsm; r&Sdao;
ojzifh tvGefw&m MuD;rm;
aom jyemwpfckyif jzpf
aeapygonf/ rnfodkYyifjzpf
ap aqmhz0f J xkwv
f yk f a&mif;
csolrsm;taejzifh xdt
k a&;udk
awG;jrifrdrnfjzpfaomfvnf;
,cktcsdeftxd Windows
Linux, Unix ESihf Mac environments rsm;twGi;f wGif
om toHk;jyKEdkifaprnfh applications rsm;? tools rsm;
udk zefwD;aeMurI rsm;aecJh
onf/ rMumrD smartphone
OS platform ig;cktwGuf
tenf;qHk; aqmif&Gufvm
zG,f &Sdonf/

uGefysLwm*sme,f

6
pkaygi;f toH;k jyKorl sm;ESihf twl
social networks ay:wiG f
ydrk kd pk;kH vmEdik jf cif;
vl awmfawmfrsm;rsm;u
Second Life, LinkedIn, ESihf
Facebook qdkonfh social
Networks rsm;taMumif ;
od&SdjyD; jzpfygonf/ odkYaomf
2008 ckESpfwGifrl yl;aygif;
toHk;csMuonfh corporate
users rsm;taejzifh social
network rsm;tm; collaboration tools udk t"duxm;
toHk;csaprnfh taetxm;
wpf&yfudk awGYvmMuygvdrhf
rnf/ avmavmq,f tae
txm;wGif LinkedIn ESifh
Facebook rsm;twGuf yl;
aygif;yg0ifvmEdik rf nfh toH;k
jyKolrsm; ydrk kd qGaJ qmifay;Edik f
onfh applications rsm;udk
yHhydk; aqmif&Gufay;aeqJ jzpf
onf/ rsm;rMumrD umv
twG i f ; collaboration
tools rsm; jzpfxGef;vmzG,f
&Sdygonf/
7
jrifuiG ;f ao;ao;av;rsm;
jzifh AD',
D rkd sm; MunhEf ikd f
vmzG,&f jdS cif;
rdrdwdkYtaejzifh kyfjrif
oH M um; tpD t pOf r sm;ES i f h
AD'D,dkrsm;udk rdrdwdkY\ vuf
udkif w,fvDzkef;av;rsm;ESifh
'pf*spfw,f rD'D,m ud&d,m
av;rsm;ay:wGif pwifMunfh
IEdkifMujyD jzpfonf/ Apple
iPhones rsm;onf You
Tube udk toHk;awmfcHay;

vsuf &Sdonf/ a[mvD;0k'f?

tm;upm; uGef&ufrsm;ESifh
aw;*Dwxkwv
f yk o
f v
l yk if ef;
orm;rsm;onf cell phones
ay:wGif toHk;jyK&eftwGuf
AD'D,dkMunhfEdkifa&;udprsm;
tay: tmHkpdkuf vkyfudkif
vsuf &SdaeMuonf/ xdkodkY
tmHkpdkufvmrIrsm;aMumifh
tqdkyg screen ao;ao;
av;rsm;ay:wGif ,ckxuf
ydkaom Content rsm; &Sdvm
ap&ef tmrcHcsufrsm; ay;
vmonfhtvm; jzpfaeap
onf/ xdkodkY vkyfaqmifcsuf
ud k media snacking [k
ac:qdk owfrSwfMuonf/
xdkodkYaom tcGihftvrf;rsm;
pwif &&SdvmjyD[k qdkEdkifcJh
aomfvnf; 2008 ckEpS w
f iG rf l
cell phones ESifh mobile devices av;wdkif&JU screen
av;wdkif;uae AD'D,dkkyf&Sif
rsm;ESifh kyfjrifoHMum; tpD
tpOfrsm; MunfEh ikd af omtae
txm;udk tHhMozG,faumif;
avmufonftxd ajymif;vJ
jcif;rsm; &SdvmEdkifygonf/
8
Corporate IT ESihf

toHk;jyKolrsm;u
Green PCs rsm;udk
awmif;qdv
k mzG,f &Sjd cif;
trsm;ESihf wGJzuf toHk;
jyKMuonfh aumfydka&;&Sif;
tqih0f if uGeyf sLwmtoH;k jyK
olrsm;twGuf pGrf;tif xd
a&mufpGm toHk;csEdkifrnfh
servers rsm;ESifh desktops
wd k Y yd k r d k jzpf x G e f ; vma&;

uGefysLwmoifcef;pm
awmif;qdkcsufrsm; ,cifu
xuf wdk; wdk; &SdcJhMu&
onf/ ,cktcgwGifrl wpf
qih f w uf
aiG a Mu;
oufomapEdkifonfh greener devices rsm;udk awmif;
qd k v mMu&jyef y gonf /
xdkYtjyif IT managers rsm;
ESifh Corporate users rsm;
onf urmMuD; ydrk ykd al EG;vmrI
udk wpfwyfwpftm; avQmhcs
Edkifa&;twGufvnf;aumif;?
ywf0ef;usif oefY&iS ;f om,m
a&;twG u f v nf ; aumif ; ?
Green PCs rsm;jzifh tpm;
xdk; toHk;jyKedkifvmMuygu
taumif ; qH k ; tajctae
wpfcu
k kd a&mufvmEdik rf nf[k
,HMk unfxm;vsuf &Sad eMuyg
onf/
9
Apple taejzifh aps;uGuf

&S,f,m wdk;yGm;
rsm;jym;vmzG,&f jdS cif;
Apple taejzifh aps;
uGuf&S,f,m wdk;wufvm
jcif;qdkonfrSm owif;tae
jzifhr[kwfbJ vufawGUtm;
jzifh jyD;cJhaomESpfu jrifawGU
cJhMu&jyD; jzpfygonf/ iPod
ESifh iPhone rsm;aMumifh[k
vnf ; wpf p d w f w pf a 'o
ajymEdkifrnf jzpfaomfvnf;
wu,fwrf;tm;jzifh Mac
uGefysLwmrsm;onf PC environments twGif; 0ifqHh
oGm;jcif;aMumifh tcGit
fh vrf;
ydkrsm;vm&jcif; jzpfonf/
wpfurmvHk; twdkif;twm
t& wpfudk,fa&oHk; uGefysL

30

wm aps;uGufwGif Apple
taejzifh 4 &mcdkifEIef; rS 7
&mcd k i f E I e f ; txd o m &S d c J h &
onf/ tu,f 2008 ckESpf
aps;uGufwGif 2 &mcdkifEIef;rS
3 &mcdkifEIef;txdom wdk;
wufvmvQifrl tHhMozG,f&m
jzpfvmvdrhfrnf r[kwfay/
rnfoYkdyifjzpfap yDpx
D w
k v
f yk f
olrsm;taejzifh Apple \
aps;uGuf&S,f,m ,SOfjydKifrI
udk txl; tav;xm; aqmif
&GufvmonfrSm trSefyifjzpf
ygonf/
10
tar&duefEikd if t
H wGi;f
enf;ynmtwGuf oH;k pGrJ I
avsmu
h s vmzG,&f jdS cif;
ae&mtESHYtjym;rS aps;
uGuf okawoeynm&Sirf sm;
u 2008 ckESpftwGif; tar
&duefEdkifiHtaejzifh enf;
ynmtwGuf oHk;pGJaiGrsm;
avQmhcsvmzG,f&SdaMumif; cefY
rSef;wGufcsufjyD; jzpfaeMu
onf/ jyD;cJah om ESpu
f ek t
f xd
rl consumer tech product
awmif;qdkrI aumif;rGefaeqJ
jzpfonf/ pD;yGm;a&;ESihf ywf
ouf mortgage crisis
ac: acs;aiG? aygifESHaiGudp
rsm;aMumifv
h nf; jzpfEikd o
f uJh
odkY credit card jyemrsm;
aMumihfvnf; jzpfEdkifonf/
PCs rsm;? HDTVs rsm; uJh
odYk aom enf;ynmoH;k ypn;f
rsm;udk vG,fvihfwul 0,f
,lEdkifpGrf; usqif;vmzG,f
&SdaecJhygonf/
OD;aomif;0if; (yef;cs,&f )D

uGefysLwm*sme,f

NEW PRODUCTS

New Products

Lenovo ThinkPad X61 Tablet

,cktcg tvG,fwul o,f,loGm;Ekdifaom yDpDrsm; aps;
integrated WWAN
uGufwGif convertible tablet PC rsm; ,cifuxuf ydkrkdvTrf;
antenna
rdk;vmEkdifcJhonf/ if;wdkYtxJwGif Lenovo u OD;aqmifae
12 vufr
onfudk awGUMu&rnfjzpfonf/ taumif;qHk; uD;bkwfESifh
t&G,f matte
twl tvGefaumif;rGefaom performance xkwfay;Ekdifonf/
antiglare
screen
ThinkPad X61 Tablet PC udk xkwaf y;vku
d af omtcg yd
k yif
xifxifay:ay:jzpfoGm;aponf/ Lenovo taejzifh Tried and Ture [lonfhrltwkdif; 'DZkdif;jyKvkyfxm;cJhjcif;aMumifh
Fingerprint
reader
vnf; tjynfht0 tmrcHcsufay;EkdifoGm;aponf/ udk,fxnf
udk tvsLrDeD,HowKa&mjzifh jyKvkyfxm;jcif;aMumifh tyGef;
tpm;'PfcHEkdifjyD; ckdifrm awmifhwif;vSygonf/ 12 vufr
t&G,f matte antiglave screen udk wyfxm;jyD; resolution
1024 x 768 &&SdEdkifygonf/ Writing
recognition taejzifh Vista \ PC Pen
Training application aMumif h yd k yif
xdyw
f ef;pm&if;0if jzpfomG ;aponf/ Think
Pad X61 wGif processor twGuf 1.6 GHz
Intel Core 2 Duo 1.7500 udk oHk;xm;jyD;
2GB DDR2 SDRAM wyfqifxm;um
100 GB hard drive udk jznfhqnf;ay;xm;
onf/ *&yfzpfvkyfief;twGuf 385 MB Intel Graphic Media Accelerator X 3400 udk oHk;xm;onf/ Low power
consumption &&Sdap&ef pDrHxm;jcif;aMumifh 5 em&D? 17 rdepfMumtxd wpfqufwnf; toHk;jyKEkdifaMumif; awGU&onf/ HP
Compaq 2710p ESifh EdIif;,SOf prf;oyfMunhf&m pGrf;aqmif csuf awmfawmfrsm;rsm;wGif omvGefaeygonf/ Built-in optical
drive ryg0ifaom tajctaewGif 4 'or 4 aygif av;onf/ Optical drive ygaom docking av;jzifh wGJzuf,lygu
aemufxyf 2 aygifcefY ydkav;vmrnf jzpf onf/ odkYtwGuf optical drive udpo
nf optional jzpfae aponf/ Writing
recognition twGuf toHk;cs&ef digital per udk toHk;jyKEkdifygvdrhfrnf/ ThinkPad X 61 Tablet PC wpfvHk; a&mif;aps;rSm
1934 a':vm jzpfonf/

32

uGefysLwm*sme,f

NEW PRODUCTS

XFX GeForce 8800 GT

tHMh oavmufp&m aps;EIe;f csKo
d mpGmjzifh 0,f,&l &SEd idk af om DX
jzpfonf/ DX 9 xuf pGrf;aqmif&nf
ydkrdkxufjrufjcif;aMumifh *drf;upm;olrsm; tMudKufjzpfaponf/
rsm;aomtm;jzifh tvm;wl DX 10 pGrf;aqmif&nf&Sd card rsm;\
aps;EIef;rSm a':vm 300 rS a':vm 500 cefYtwGif; &Sdaewwf
onf/ XFX GeForce 8800 GT rSmrl 249 a':vmomvQif
owfrw
S x
f m;&So
d nf/ vuf&t
dS csed w
f iG f vlMudKufrsm;aecJah om ATI
Radeon HD 2900 XI ESifh wGJ EIdif;,SOf prf;oyfMunhf&m pGrf;
aqmif&nf awmfawmfrsm;rsm;wGif omvGefaumif;rGefaeaMumif;
awG Y & onf / Standard-clocked version card
twGuf 512 MB yrmP&Sad om *&yfzpf rSw
f Pftm;
udk ay;xm;onf/ Company of Heroes udk tajcjyK
wnfaqmufxm;onfh 'DZkdif;[kvnf; qkdEkdifygonf/
odkYtwGuf World in Conflict *drf;ESifh F.E.A.R *drf;
wdkYtwGufvnf; tvdktavsmuf tqifajyoGm;ap
onf/ wpfenf;qkd&aomf 1280 x 1024 rS 1920 x
1200 resolution txd tH0ifcGifus toHk;csEkdifrnfh
pGrf;tiftoifh&Sdaeapygonf/
10 Graphic Card wpfck

Gateway XHD 3000

Window

wpfct
k wGi;f
AD',
D dk yH&k yd f
wpfcck si;f
pau;ukduf
xde;f csKyf
jyKjyifEidk o
f nf/
30 vufr widescreen trsK;d
tpm;jzpfjy;D 2560 x 1600
resolution &&Sdonf/
Ports Included
HDMI
Component
Composite
DVI
IEEE 1394

34

1
1
1
1
0

S-Video
VGA
Audio in
Audio out
USB 2.0

uGefysLwm*sme,f

1
1
3
3
4

AD',
D v
dk yk if ef;orm;rsm;ESihf tdrw
f iG ;f azsmfajza&; OD;pm;ay;vkd
olrsm;tMudKuf tvGefxl;jcm;aumif;rGefonfh image quality ESifh
resolution jrifhjrifh xkwfay;Ekdifaom 30 vufr t&G,f display
MuD;udk Gateway rS XHD 3000 [l trnfwyfum xkwfvkyf
a&mif;csvmjcif; jzpfonf/ ,cifu yDpDtwGuf display rsm;wGif
built-in video processor rsm; yg0ifjcif; &Sdxm;cJhMuaomfvnf;
30 vufrt&G,ftxd &Sdaeum 2560 x 1600 resolution txd
pau;udkuf resolution jzifh tajctaersKd;udk yxrqHk; awGUMu&
jcif; jzpfonf/ yHk&dyfxkwfvkyfrI t&nftaoG;udk yDpD\ graphics
card rsm;jzifh jznhfwif;rnfhtpm; XHD 3000 wGif yg&Sdvmaom
Silicon Optix Realta chipset tjyif high-end video processor wpfc?k scaling pGr;f aqmif&nfrsm;? deinterlacing t&nf
taoG;rsm;? dk;kd; SD (Standard definition) ESifh HD (High
f v
k ;kH twGuf toHqn
l rH I uif;rJah ponfh tae
definition) wdYk ESpc
txm;rsm; yl;wGJxnhfay;xm;onf/ tu,f 5-Video ESifh
Composite connection rsm; toH;k jyKrnfqy
dk gu rD',
D mud&,
d m
6 cktxd wpfjydKifeufwnf; wyfqif toHk;jyKEkdifonf/ owfrSwf
a&mif;aps;rSm 1699 a':vm jzpfonf/

uGeyf sLwmtaxGaxG

azazmf0g&D? 2008aMu35
mfjim

NEW PRODUCTS
Maxtor One Touch 4 Mini
Disaster recovery udk yHy
h ;kd xm; data backup vkyx
f m;Ekid f
rnfh tdwfaqmif USB drive trsKd;tpm;jzpfonf/ odkrSD;yrmP
160 GB txd0ifqo
hH nf/ ,cktcg aps;uGuw
f iG f portable USB
pocket drive rsm;udk 250 GB yrmPtxd &&SdEkdifrnf jzpfaomf
vnf; tqkyd g Maxtor One Touch 4 Mini av;rSmrl xl;jcm;aom
toGiftjyifrsm; yg&Sdaeojzifh pdwf0ifpm;zG,f&m aumif;vSonf/
rdr\
d yDprD S C: drive udk Mini av;twGi;f odYk ul;xnhx
f m;jcif;jzifh
One Touch data backup program ESifh SafetyDrill utility udk
oHk;ykdifcGifh &SdoGm;apygvdrhfrnf/ tu,f rdrd\uGefysLwm kwf
w&uf jyemjzpfjyD; &yfem;oGm;cJhvQif recovery boot pD'Dudk
toHk;cs&if; rdrdyDpD\ data rsm;udk jyefvnf restore vkyf&mwGif
xkdufxkdufwefwef yHhydk; aqmif&Gufay;Ekdifrnf jzpfonf/ NTFSformatted yHp
k jH zifh tuste jyefvnf vnfywfomG ;apEkid yf gonf/
odkYaomf Mac uGefysLwmrsm;twGufrl toHk;rjyKEkdifay/ if;wGif
256 bit encryption utility wpfck yg&SdjyD;jzpfojzifh aysmufqHk;
onfjzpfap? tckd;cH&onfjzpfap safeguard jzifh xdef;odrf; apmifh
a&SmufoGm;Ekdifrnfjzpfonf/ owfrSwfa&mif;aps;rSm 149 a':vm
jzpfonf/

One Touch

cvkwfudk
drive light

ESit
hf wl
wyfqifay;
xm;onf/

Mini USB port jzifh qufo,

G f

toH;k jyKEidk o
f nf/

Toshiba Qosmio G45-AV680

[JAD;0dwftqifh Laptop contender [k owfrSwfEkdifonf/
HD DVD
Toshiba taejzifh Qosmio pD;&D;udk xkwfa0cJh&mwGif G 45- AV
burner
680 onf topfvGifqHk; armf',fjzpfonf/ yHkysufyef;ysufjzpf
avmufatmif xkxnfMuD;rm;onfh Laptop wpfrsKd;[k qkd&ygvdrhf
rnf/ tav;csdefrSmvnf; 9 'or 9 aygif av;onf/ xkdYtwl
wefzkd;owfrSwfcsufrSmvnf; 3199 a':vmjzpfaeojzifh tvGef
Volume
dial
aps;EIef;jrifhrm;aeonf/ xkdodkYaomtcsufrsm;udkom arhavsmhxm;
Fingerprint
Edkifrnfqkdygu qdkzG,f&mr&Sdaom Laptop uGefysLwmwpfvHk; jzpf
reader
oGm;apEkid yf gonf/ Display rSmvnf; 1080 p t&nf
taoG; tjynfht0ay;Ekdifaom 17 vufr t&G,f
widescreen trsKd;tpm; jzpfaeonf/ if;wGif wyf
qifyg&Sdvmaom HD DVD - R writable drive ESifh
vdkufzufnDvSonf/ TV tuner udkvnf; toifhcsdwf
qufxm;jyD;jzpfjcif;aMumifh ,aeY tjyif;txef
awmif;qdkvmonfh high- definition udk tjynfht0
yHhydk;aqmif&Gufay;Ekdifygonf/ 2.0 GHz Intel Core
2 Duo I7300 processor udk oHk;xm;jyD; 2GBDDR2 SDRAM ESifh 320 hard drive wdkYESifh twl 512 MB nVidia GeForce
8600 M GT Card udk wyfqifxm;ay;onf/ aumif;vSygonf[k a<u;aMumfcJhonfh HP Pavillion dv 9500 t ESifh,SOf
prf;oyfMunhf&m tppt&m&m omvGef aumif;rGefaeaMumif; awGU&onf/

36

uGefysLwm*sme,f

NEW PRODUCTS

HP Photosmart A626 Compact Photo Printer

4 'or 8 vufrt&G,f

pwkdifusus "mwfyHkxkwfvkyfEkdifrnfh y&ifwmtrsKd;tpm;jzpf

onf/ owfrSwf a&mif;aps;rSm 179 a':vmom &Sdojzifh
"mwfyx
kH w
k v
f yk rf u
I kd rdrt
d rd w
f iG yf if t&nftaoG;aumif;aumif;jzifh
xkwfvkyf,lEkdifrnfhtajctae&Sdonf/ 4 'or 8 vufrt&G,f
touch screen av; xnhfay;xm;jcif;aMumifh mini photo kiosk
[k ac:qkdowfrSwfEkdifygvdrhfrnf/ tav;csdeftm;jzifh 3 'or 2
aygifomav;onf/ bufx&D xnfhoGif;jyD;ygu 4 aygif jzpfoGm;
Edik o
f nf/ A 626 av;udk 4 vufr _6 vufrt&G,t
f pm; "mwfykH
aygif; 75 yHkudk wpfqufwnf; xkwfvkyf&ef pDpOfay;Ekdifonf/
"mwfyHkxkwfvkyf&mwGif standard taejzifh 5 vufr _ 7 vufr
[k owfrSwfay;xm;jyD; panoramas yHkrsm;twGif; 4 vufr _
12 vufrtxd cGifhjyKxm;&Sdonf/ if;udk uGefysLwmrSjzpfap?
uifr&mrS Pict Bridge taetxm;jzifhjzpfap? memory card
rsm;rSjzpfap odYkr[kwf USB key rSjzpfap wku
d f u
kd x
f w
k v
f yk af y;Ekid f
&ef pDpOfxm;&SdjyD;jzpfonf/ Touch-screen-based menu rSwpf
qifh "mwfyw
kH nf;jzwfrrI sm;? frame xnho
f iG ;f rIrsm;tm;vH;k aqmif
&Guf,lEdkifonf/ rifzkd;? puLzkd;ESifh wGufcsufMunhfygu 4 vufr
_ 6 vufrt&G,f"mwfyHkwpfyHktwGuf 29 qifhom usoifhrnf
jzpfonf/ "mwfyx
kH w
k &f mwGif yuwd "mwfyo
kH bm0udk &aponf/

touch-screen
stylus

udk,fxnf
t&G,t
f pm; 5 'or 2 vufr _ 9 'or 9 vufr _
4 'or 6 vufr&So
d nf/

Canon Selphy CP740

2 vufrt&G,f
LCD display

3-in-1
Card reader

38

uGefysLwm*sme,f

tvGefaps;EIef;csKdomaom "mwfyHkxkwf y&ifwmtrsKd;tpm;

wpfckjzpfonf/ ukd,fxnft&G,ftpm;tm;jzifh 2 'or 5 vufr
_ 7 vufr _ 5 vufr&Sdum tav;csdeftm;jzifh 2 'or 1
aygifav;onf/ tMuD;qHk; "mwfyHkt&G,ftpm; 4 vufr _ 8
vufrtxdom xkwEf idk o
f nf/ owfrw
S af &mif;aps;rSm 99 a':vm
om &Sdonf/ bufx&D option yg&Sdjcif; r&Sday/ if;wGifyg&Sdaom
2 vufrt&G,f display av;jzifh "mwfyt
kH aetxm;udk preview
vkyEf idk o
f nft
h jyif menus taejzifv
h nf; toH;k csEikd rf nfjzpfonf/
Memory card ujzpfap? PictBridge taetxm;jzifhjzpfap dk;
&Sif;pGm wkdufdkuf xkwfEkdifaomfvnf; uGefysLwmrS y&ifhxkwfygu
tvdktavsmufpepfjzifh pDpOfxm;aom ydk*&rfjzifh xkwfay;rnf
jzpfonf/ "mwfyq
kH idk w
f pfcw
k iG f xkw,
f al om "mwfyt
kH &nftaoG;
rsKd;udk &&SdEdkifygonf/ odkYaomf tEkpdwfMunhfIvQifrl tao;pdwf
yH&k yd rf sm; tenf;i,f tiftm;azsmhawmhaernfjzpfonf/ 4 vufr
_ 6 vufrt&G,f"mwfyHkwpfyHk xkwf,lvkdygu 1 rdepf? 4 puefY
Mumjrifo
h nf/ "mwfyw
kH pfykH xkwv
f yk rf t
I wGuf 28 qifch efY usoifh
rnf jzpfonf/

NEW PRODUCTS
HTC Sprint Touch
Finger-friendly Windows phone jzpfjcif;aMumifh Apple
rS trTr;f wifajymqdak eonfh iPhone ud,
k OS v
f maom smartphone
trsKd;tpm;[kqkd&ayrnf/ Windows Mobile Smartphone rsm;

twGuf t"dupdeaf c:rIrmS tvGeaf o;i,faom cvkwaf v;rsm;jzifh

wefqmqifavh&Sdum interface udk vkyfaqmifapjcif;jzpfonf/
tvGejf refqefpmG tvkyf vkyu
f ikd af y;Ekid o
f nf/ bufx&Doufwrf;
Touch-screen
interface
uvnf; tvGefaumif;rGefonf/ Microsoft application rsm;udk
txpftaighr&Sd csdwq
f uf toH;k jyKEkid af ponf/ xdyw
f ef;pm&if;0if
qufoG,fp&m w,fvDzkef;eHygwf 9 ck? tD;ar;vfESifh Sprint's
music wkdYudk vufndK;av;axmuf apcdkif;Edkifrnfhtjyif TV
options udkvnf; oHk;cGifhjyKxm;ay;onf/ pmpDpmdkufvkyfief;
twGuf on-screen keyboard jzift
h oH;k jyKEdik o
f nf/ BlackBerry
Pearl's \xm;okdrItwkdif; uD;rsm; qif,ifxm;&Sdonf/ QWERTY uD;bkwfudk toGiftjyiftjynfh yg&Sdonf/ if;wGif 400
MHz processor udk wyfqifxm;jyD; high-speed EV-DO Rev o networking jzifh yHhydk;aqmif&Gufay;xm;onf/ Processor
rSm tvGefjrefqefpGm vkyfudkifay;ojzifh music rsm;? video rsm;udk zGifh,lonfhtcg pdwfwkdif;us aumif;rGefpGm vkyfudkifay;Ekdif
onf/ Windows Vista oH;k Laptop wpfv;kH ESihf tvTt
J ajymif;jyKvkyo
f nft
h cg wpfpueYf ukd wpfr*D gAku
d af usmaf usmf EIe;f xm;jzifh
vkyfaqmifay;onf/ udk,fydkifokdrSD;rItwGuf 140 MB &SdjyD; ykd*&rftwGuf 72 MB oHk;xm;onf/ tydkaqmif; odkrSD;rItwGuf
4 GB micro SD card udk toHk;jyKcGifhay;xm;onf/ owfrSwfa&mif;aps;rSm 549 a':vmjzpfonf/

Samsung SCH-I760
pGr;f &nfjynfh oH;k cGiahf y;xm;aom mobile product [k ac:qkd
Ekdifygvdrfhrnf/ xl;jcm;csufrSm yDpDuGefysLwmMuD;rsm;wGif orm;dk;
us toHk;jyKavh&Sdonfh number pad ESifh QWERTY uD;bkwf
tjynft
h pHk yg&Sad ponfh dual keypad xnhaf y;xm;jcif;jzpfonf/
uD;bkwfudk toHk;jyKvkdonfhtcg tay:vTmudk avQmxkwf,l
oH;k Edik yf gonf/400 MHz processor udw
k yfqifxm;ojzifh tvGef
vsifjref oGufvufpGm vkyfudkifay;onf/ odkYtwGuf Windows
Mobile ydk*&rfaqmhzf0Judk ydkrdk awmufajymifoGm;aponf/ Program memory twGuf 54 MB ay;xm;onf/ Piesel browser
jzifh PDF files rsm;udk zGi,
hf l Munhf EI idk o
f nf/ vkyif ef;oH;k twGuf
4 GB memory card jzifh toHk;jyKaponf/ AWOL jzifh 1M ESifh
GPS application rsm;udk yHy
h ;kd aqmif&u
G af y;Ekid o
f nf/ tifwmeuf
0efaqmifrt
I wGuf Verizon \ jrefqefaom EV-DO Rev o jzifh
csdwfqufaqmif&GufcGifhay;xm;cJhonf/ Wi-Fi 802. 11 b/g udk
vdkufavsmnDaxG aqmif&GufEkdifonf/ I760 onf 2.5 mm ESifh
Bluetooth headsets ESpfrsKd;vHk; toHk;jyKEkdif&ef pDpOfxm;ay;
onf/ bufx&Doufwrf;rSmvnf; aumif;vSonf/ owfrSwf
a&mif;aps;rSm 249 a':vmjzpfonf/

40

uGefysLwm*sme,f

tvGef awmufajymif vSyaom

dual-keyboard 'DZidk ;f jzpfonf/

Sandisk Sansa Take TV

rdrd\ yDpDay:rSjzpfap? wDADGay:rSjzpfap AD'D,kdkyf&Sifrsm;udk
tvG,fulqHk;enf;vrf;jzifh MunhfIEdkifrnfh ud&d,mav;jzpfonf/
wpfenf;qkd&aomf kyfjrifoHMum;tpDtpOfESifh AD'D,dkkyf&Sifrsm;udk
MunhfEkdifrnfh USB drive av;[kqkdvQifvnf; rSm;Ekdifrnf r[kwf
ay/ FanFare.com rS content rsm;udk download vkyf,lvnf;
aumif;? files rsm;udk drag-and- drop pepfjzifh ul;xnfhvnf;
aumif; xnhfoGif;xm;Ekdifonf/ Take TV ud&d,mav;rsm;udk 4
GB yrmP0ifqHhrItwGuf a':vm 100 jzifhvnf;aumif;? 8 GB
d;k &Si;f aom
yrmP0ifqrhH t
I wGuf a':vm 150 jzifv
h nf;aumif; ESprf sKd;0,f,l
remote jzifh
&&SEd idk yf gonf/ Windows XP jzifjh zpfap? Windows Vista jzifjh zpf
toH;k csEidk o
f nf/
ap vku
d af vsmnDaxG toH;k csciG &hf o
dS nf/ Take TV taejzifh DivX/
Xvid ESifh MPEG-4 Video files rsm;udk yHhydk; aqmif&Gufay;Ekdif
onf/ "mwfyHkrsm;MunfhcGifhESifh music rsm; em;axmifcGifhawmh &&Sd
vdrrhf nf r[kwaf y/ odYk aomf 0ifqrhH yI rmPESit
hf nD acworkd ;DS xm;
cGifhawmh&Sdonf/ avmavmq,f Fanfare.com rS Dexter ESifh CSI Miami rsm;udk tcrJh&Ekdifygonf/ tu,f 0,f,lvdkvQif
tpDtpOfwpfcktwGuf 1 'or 99 a':vmESifhtxuf usoifhrnfjzpfonf/ jyefvnfMunhfIonfhtcgwGif 720 x 576
resolution jzifh MunhfIcGifh&Muygvdrhfrnf/ Mac toHk;jyKolrsm;twGuf tcGifhtvrf; r&Sday/

Creative Zen
SD memory card slot

Actual
size

42

2 'or 5 vufrt&G,f
screen jzpfojzifh iPod
nano xuf ydkvG,fonf/

uGefysLwm*sme,f

Creative rS xkwv
f yk af om ,cifu rD',
D myav,mrsm;wGif
hard drive udk toH;k jyKcJMh uonf/ ,cktopfxu
G v
f maom ZEN
wGifrl hard drive-based udk pGefYcGm flash-based jzifh wnf
aqmufvmonfukd awGU&onf/ yg&Sv
d maom screen t&G,t
f pm;

rSmvnf; 2 'or 5 vufrtxd ay;vmjcif;aMumifh emrnfMuD;ae

aom iPod nano xuf yd
k us,af eonf/ xkYdtjyif FM a&'D,Edk iS hf
Voice recording feature rsm; ydkygvmonf/ aemufqHk; tm;om
csufwpfckrSm owfrSwfa&mif;csonfhwefzkd; avsmhenf;jcif;yifjzpf
onf/ iPod ESihf capacity wlaevifu
h pm; wefz;dk yd
k oufomae
onfudk awGU&onf/ 4GB yrmPtwGuf a':vm 130? 8 GB
yrmPtwGuf a':vm 200 ESifh 16 GB yrmPtwGuf a':vm
250 [l owfrSwfa&mif;csjcif;jzpfonf/ Music rsm;twGuf
WMA, MP3 ESifh AAC formats rsm;udk cGifhjyKxm;jyD; AD'D,kdrsm;
twGuf WMV udk cGifhjyKxm;onf/ xkdYtjyif DivX/Xvid ESifh
MPEG-4 files rsm;udk ajymif;vJtoHk;jyKEkdifaprnfh aqmhzf0Jrsm;
xnhaf y;xm;ygao;onf/ "mwfyMkH unh&f eftwGuf JPEG wpfrsKd;
om cGifhjyKxm;onf/

New Products In Yangon

MSI VR 321 Notebook
Desktop aps;uGuf avsmhusvmjyD; Laptop aps;uGuf ydkrdk
us,fjyefYvmcsdefwGif ausmif;om;tqifh tvG,fwul 0,foHk;Ekdif
rnfhaps;EIef;jzifh owfrSwfuma&mif;csvmaom notebook trsKd;
tpm;jzpfonf/ txl;ojzifh jrefrmaps;uGuw
f iG f 0ifa&mufvmonfh
brand new notebook rsm;teuf aps;tcsKdomqH;k [k ajymqkE
d idk yf g
vdrrfh nf/ X86 mobile PC processor rsm;teuf ti,fq;kH t&G,f
tpm;jzpfonfh WIA C7-M processor udk oHk;xm;aMumif;
awGU&onf/ tqkdyg processor onf tjrifhqHk; performance
udk ay;EkdifouJhodkY power sawing ESifh cool temperature
operating rsm;udkvnf; cHpm;cGifh &&SdEkdifonf/ yHkazmfrsufESmjyifrSm
13 'or 3 vufrt&G,f &Sdonf/ ACV widescreen trsKd;tpm; jzpfonf/ wpfenf;qkd&aomf 12 vufr notebook
rsm;xuf jrifuGif; ydkaumif;aeouJhodkY 14 vufr notebook rsm;xuf portable ydk jzpfoGm;aponf/ txl;jcm;qHk;tcsufrSm
ACS [lonfh tat;cHpepfudk oHk;xm;jcif;yifjzpfonf/ bwf*sufpwkdifjzpfaeaomfvnf; optical drive twGuf DVD
Super Multi/Cambo drive udk wyfqifay;xm;aMumif; awGY&jyD; qufoG,fa&;vkyfief;twGuf 10/100 Ethernet LAW
ESifh Modem Module xnhfay;xm;onfhtjyif 802.11b/g WLAN twGufvnf; toifh pDpOfay;xm;aMumif; awGY&onf/
avmavmq,f Windows XP udk wifay;xm;jyD; jzpfaomfvnf; Windows Vista twGuf toHk;jyKEkdif&ef MSI u
tmrcHcsufay;xm;onf/ (tvkd&Sdygu 36 vrf;&Sd Smart Computer ta&mif;qkdifwGif 0,f,l&&SdEkdifygonf/)

X 38 Diamond Mainboards
X 38 Epress Chipset ESihf DDR3 wnfaqmufrt
I ay: tajc
cHxm; 'DZkdif;jyKxm;onfh mainbaords topfjzpfonf/ Mainboard xkwfvkyfrIwGif a&SUwef;rS OD;aqmifyg0ifaeonfh MSI
ukrPDtaejzifh 2008 ckESpfwGif toHk;jyKMurnfh yDpDrsm;twGuf
toifh&Sdap&ef aemufqHk; pDrHxkwfvkyfvkdufjcif;jzpfonf/ Intel
Core 2 Extreme/Quad/Duo processor rsm;tm;vHk;udk tjynfh
t0 yHhydk;aqmif&Gufay;Ekdifonhftjyif FSB twGuf 1333/1066/
800 MHz wdYkuv
kd nf; yHyh ;kd aqmif&u
G af y;Ekid yf gonf/ Dual-Channel PWM 'DZdkif;jzpfonf/ if;wGif PCI Express X 16 slots
av;ckyg&Sdonfhtjyif PCIe 2.0 ESifh ATI Crossfire wdkY twGuf
vnf; yHhydk;ay;onf/ eSATA 2 Support Matrix RAID & Port
ESpfcktxd cGifhjyKxm;onf/ Audio twGuf 7.1 ch. XFi Xtreme
oHk;cGifh&SdjyD; MSI Sky Tel VoIP Function rsm;ESifh dual Gigabit
LAN rsm;udkvnf; toHk;jyKEkdifrnfjzpfonf/ (tvkd&Sdygu 36
vrf;&Sd Smart Computer ta&mif;qkid w
f iG f 0,f,&l &SEd idk yf gonf)

44

uGefysLwm*sme,f

uGeyf sLwmtufaq;

uRefawmfeJY iPhone
odrYk [kwf

zkef;rkef;&wJh uRefawmf
uRefawmfwdkY vlom;awGeJY ywf
oufjyD;awmh tqdkwpfck &Sdygw,f/
uRefawmfwdkY vlom;awG[m social
animal awGw?hJ aygif;oif;qufqw
H wf
wJh ow0gawG qdyk gawmhAsm/ taygif;
toif; tokdif;t0kdif;eJY aewwfw,f/
wpf O D ; wpf a ,muf
wnf; cGJxGufjyD; rae
wwfbl;/ 'guawmh
Asm? usm;vdk ow0g
rsKd;uom wpfaumif
wnf;aewwfwmyg/
tjcm;wd & p m ef a wG
vnf; tkyfzGJYjyD; ae
wwfygw,f/ vlom;
awGvnf; tkyfzGJYae
wwfw,fqdkayr,fh
olwdkYrSmu tkyfpku
vkdufem&r,fh pnf;
urf ; awG u yd k r sm;
wwfygw,f/ wd&pmef
awGu Pf&nfrSm
vl o m;awG a vmuf
rjrifrh m;avmufawmh
pnf ; urf ; csuf a wG
odyfrrsm;bl;aygh/ 'gayr,fh wlwm
wpfck &Sdygao;w,f/ wpfOD;eJYwpfOD;
qufoG,fa&; ynmygyJ/
'DaeYawmh uReaf wmfwYkd vlom;awG
u qufoG,fa&;ynmrSm tjrifhqHk;udk

46

uGefysLwm*sme,f

a&mufaeygjyD/ uRefawmfwdkYu uGefysL

wmacwfxJudk a&mufaeygjyD/ tifwm
eufacwfxu
J kd a&mufaeygjyD/ tcsed yf ikd ;f
tm;jzifh odyfrMumao;ayr,fh tawmf
c&D;a&mufaeygjyD/ b,folrS rjiif;Ekdif
ygbl;/ uav;vlMuD;ra&G; vufcaH eMu

ygjyD/ pmrwwfolawG 'DurmajrMuD;

ay:rSm&Sdaevsuf &Sdaeao;onfhwkdif
atmif olwdkYvnf; xdawGYae&ygjyD/
'Dawmh vlta&muftaygufenf;wJh
a'oawGrmS awmif qufo,
G v
f Ykd &aeyg

jyD/ vlwpfa,mufpD&JU vufxJrSm ukdif

oGm;EkdifwJh [ef;zkef;vdkYac:wJh zkef;awG
&SdaeygjyD/
tckawmh zkef;ajymHkom r[kwf
awmhygbl;/ 'Dzek ;f wpfv;kH wnf;rSm "mwfykH
dkufrvm;/ kyf&Sifdkufrvm;/ toHzrf;
xm;rvm;/wpfzuf
u zke;f ajymolr&S&d if
trSmpum;av;awG
ay;ydYkxm;Ekid yf gw,f/
vkyEf idk w
f t
hJ rsK;d tpm;
awG trsm;MuD; yg
aeygjyD / wpf z ef
tck iPhone wJ h ?
'Dzkef;xJrSmyJ oDcsif;
awG xnf h x m;jyD ;
MudKuf wJh t csdef
MudKuf wJh ae &m rSm
em;axmifvdkY &ae
ygjyD/
wpf csdef u
'gayr,fh odyrf Mum
ao;cifuawmh 'v
D kd
oDcsi;f awG em;axmif
csif&if iPod qdw
k m
av;udk owfowf0,fxm;jyD; em;axmif
cJh&ygw,f/ 'Dypnf;av; ay:xGufvm
jyD; rMumrDrmS yJ vlwidk ;f eD;yg; vufxu
J kd
a&mufomG ;ygw,f/ uReaf wmfajymcJo
h vdk
usm;? r ra&G;? vlMuD;vli,f ra&G; pwJh

uGeyf sLwmtufaq;

vlawG&JU vufxJudk a&mufoGm;cJhyg

w,f/ tl;trl; jzpfcJhygw,f/0goem
&SifawGtwGufawmh rajymygeJYawmh/
'DtxJrSm wuodkvfu q&mwpfOD;&JU
tawGYtMuHKudv
k nf; ajymjycsiyf gw,f/
q&mu iPod udk tdwfxJrSmxnfh?
em;Muyfudk em;rSmwyfxm;wmjrifawmh
ausmif;om; ausmif;olawGu olYudk
jyHK;MunfhoGm;Muw,fwJh? *kPfodumeJY
&Sdae&r,fh q&muvnf; raeEkdifbl;/
oDcsif;em;axmifwmaygh/ 'gudk olwYkd u
b,fvdkjrifMuovJ rodbl;aygh/ q&m
vnf; vlom;wpfOD;ygyJ/ 'gudk em;
rvnf E k d i f M uwmvm;/ 'D y p n f ; u
vli,fawGyikd rf S r[kww
f m? jyD;awmh apple ukrPDu iTune qdkjyD; oDcsif;zkdif
awGukd tifwmeufu download ,lciG hf
ay;xm;ygw,f/ tuefYtowfrJhygyJ/
'gayr,fh iTune store u ,lxm;wJh
oDcsif;awGudk iTune eJYrSyJ zGifhvdkY&yg
w,f/ 'Dawmh wpfcgoHk;pGJolawGudk
MudK;wkyfcsnfxm;vkdufwmygyJ/ ukrPD
wpfckwnf;u tykdifvkyfxm;wm jzpfyg
w,f/ wpfcak umif;wmu piracy qdw
k hJ
cd;k ul;wmawGukd wm;qD;ay;wmyJ jzpfyg
w,f/ 'gu iPhone xJ a&mufvmwJh
oDcsif;awGeJYywfoufwJh orkdif;aMumif;
av;yg/ bmyJajymajym uRefawmfwdkYu
zke;f wpfv;kH ydik x
f m;&if oDcsif;vnf; em;
axmifvmEkid w
f m[m tcGit
hf vrf;wpfck
ygyJ/ 0rf;omygw,f/ MudKqdk&rSmaygh
Asm/
'gayr,fh tar&durSmawmif ,aeY
tcsdefxd zkef;rkef;wJhvlawG &Sdaeygao;
w,f/ 'Dowif;Mum;awmh uRefawmf
awmiftMhH ooGm;w,f/ olwYdkEidk if rH mS zke;f
wpfvHk;[m r&Sdrjzpf ypnf;wpfckyg/
b,fvakd Mumifrh sm;vnf;qdw
k m uReaf wmf

odcsifvkdufwmAsm/ bmjzpf
vdkYvJqdkawmh uRefawmfu
vnf; zkef;rkef;wJhvl jzpfae
vdkYygyJ/ uRefawmfhrSmawmh
uReaf wmf rke;f &wJt
h aMumif;
&S d w ,f a v/ cif A sm;wd k Y y J
pOf;pm;Munfhyg/ uRefawmfh
rSm zkef;wpfvHk;&Sd&if tjcm;
vlawGuvnf; qufcsifMu
w,f/ tJ'D tjcm;vlawGu
yJ ol w d k Y u d p a wG t wG u f
uRefawmfhzkef;eHygwfudk ay;
xm;wwfMuw,f/ 'Dawmh
uRefawmfhrSm zkef;ajymcsifvnf; ajymyg/
zkef;ajymcsifvdkYqdkvnf; zkef;ac:ay;&
w,f/ b,favmuftvkyfrsm;ovJ
cifAsm/ awG;omMunfyh gawmh/ zke;f bDvf
vmawmh b,folay;&ovJ/ uRefawmf
yJ ay;&wmyg/ ntcsdefrawmfrSm zkef;
vmwmawmh uRefawmf trkef;qHk;yJ/
b,hfES,fAsm? wpfaeYvHk; vIyf&Sm;oGm;
vmxm;jyD; ntcsdefav;rSm tem;,l
csifw,f/ tdyfpufcsifw,f/ 'DtcsdefrSm
zkef;jrnfoHMum;&if odyfpdwfwdkwmyJ/
tJ'g uk,
d yhf pn;f eJYu,
kd f 'kua &mufwm
yg/ uRefawmfwdkY vlrsKd;awGu tm;em
wwfawmh ydkqkd;ygw,f/ 'gayr,fh
tJvdkudprsKd;usawmh tm;emwwfwJh
uRefawmfwdkYvlrsKd;u tm;rem vQm
rusKd;Asm? cifAsm;wdkY ukd,fawGY MuHKzl;
rSmyg/
a[m tck iPhone ay:vmjyefjyD/
uRefawmfhqDrSmom&SdcJh&if b,favmuf
rsm; 'kuay;vkdufOD;rvJ/ omref zkef;
wpf v H k ; awmif r S , l j yD ; uvd u swm
taysmfwrf;yJAsm? vufxJ zkef;a&muf
vmwmeJY [dkvSrf;quf 'DvSrf;quf
oufoufr Jh zk e f ; vuf x J a &muf w m

aMumifh vufaqmhjyD;qufwm ta&;

wMuD;udp bmtaMumif;rS r&Sdygbl;/
zk e f ; bD v f u sawmh b,f o l a y;ovJ
uRefawmfygyJ/ uJtck iPhone om
qkd&if b,favmuf uvdMurvJ/ tJ'g
zke;f &Sw
d hJ 'kuy gyJ/ <um;Ho
k ufoufuikd f
xm;jyD; ckeuajymovdk tm;remwwfwhJ
vlusawmh aumif;w,f/ b,folYrS
ay;ruk d i f b l ; / 'D v d k vl r sKd ; usawmh
awmif;wJv
h l tckxd wpfa,mufrS rawGY
rdao;bl;Asm/ b,fvdkvlawGvJ rodyg
bl;Asm/ jyD;awmh 'Dypnf;av;awGu
ukdifMunfhyg/ zkef;wpfvHk;[m 2 ESpfyJ
cHygw,f/ aemuf ysufygw,f/ jyifvdkY
&&ifjyif r&&if vTiyhf pfvu
dk af ygh/ aemuf
wpfv;kH 0,f.../ oGm;jyD;/ ESpo
f ed ;f 0ef;usif
'Dawmh rjzpfvdkYom zkef;udk udkif&w,f/
uRefawmfawmh zkef;udk rkef;ygw,f/
rkef;ygw,f/
OD;rsKd;(tkdifwD-tef;wdwf)
(Newsweek r*Zif;rS steven Levy
&JU Why we went nuts about
iphones ESihf freedom.song
aqmif;yg;udk rSjD irf;a&;om;ygw,f/)

azazmf0g&?D 2008

47

uGeyf sLwmtaxGaxG

2007 ckEpS t
f wGuf PC Magazine \ 24 Murd af jrmuf ESpyf wfvnf
Technical Excellence Awards rsm;udk cs;D jri
cfh &hJ m enf;ynmopf

ckepfrsK;d ESihf yk*Kd vf wpfO;D wdu

Yk &&Scd o
hJ nf/ 2007 ckEpS t
f wGi;f computing
landscape udk ajymif;vJypfEi
kd jf cif;aMumifh cs;D jri &fh onf[k qdo
k nf/

if;wdw
Yk iG f storage enf;ynm? user interface enf;ynm? component
enf;ynm? security enf;ynm? aqmhz0f eJ nf;ynm? wireless enf;ynmESifh
printing enf;ynmwdYk yg0ifonf/ 2007 ckEp
St
f wGuf txl;cReq
f ;kH wDxiG o
f l

tjzpf yk*Kd vw
f pfO;D udk cs;D jri cfh o
hJ nf/

Storage

enf;ynmtwGuf "Drobo"

toHk;jyKolwpfa,muftaejzifh data rsm;udk odkrSD; odrf;qnf;a&;twGuf

pDru
H yG u
f rJ jI yKvky&f rnfh udpt
00udk pufyk w
f pfyk u
f o
hJ Ykd vkyu
f ikd af qmif&u
G af y;Edik f
jcif;aMumifh data robot [l trnfay;cJhonf/ if;udk twdkaumufa0g[m&jzifh
Drobo [k ac:qdkMuonf/ if;wGif hard drive av;cktxd txyfvdkuf tpDt&D
xnfhxm;Edkifaom tHav;qifhyg&Sdonf/ Data rsm;udk tvdktavsmuf formats
vkyaf y;jcif;ESihf ae&m jyefvnfcsxm;jcif;rsm; jyKvkyaf y;onf/Duplicate drives
(RAID 1) twGif;jzpfap? identical drive (RAID 5) tm;vHk;ay:rS ae&m
tpdwftydkif;wpfckcktwGif;jzpfap? orm;dk;us RAID systems u MudKwifvsm
xm;ay;aompepfut
kd oH;k jyKonf/ rnfuo
hJ Ykdaom drives rsm;udrk qdk Case twGi;f
odkY xnfh,lum tHhMozG,faumif;vSpGmjzifh Copying vkyfum duplicate data
rsm; xnfhoGif;,lEdkifonf/ Storage virtualization twGuf yHkpHwpfrsKd;udk
toHk;cs,lonf/ xdkodkY aqmif&Gufcsufrsm; jyKvkyfEdkif&ef Drobo wGif 400 MHz
Marvell Orion ARM9 CPU wpfck? 128 MB yrmP&Sd onboard DDR2
memory wpfckwdkYESifhtwl embedded operating system wpfcw
k Ykd wyfqifay;
xm;onf/

50

uGefysLwm*sme,f

uGeyf sLwmtaxGaxG
Security

enf;ynmtwGuf

"Yoggie Pico"

tMuD;pm; ukrPDMuD;wpfckwGif
tvkyfvkyfaecJhvQif rdrd desktop qDodkY
rnfonfh data rQra&mufrD serverbased security software jzifh rdrd\
tifwmeuf qufoG,frItm;vHk;udk filtered vkyfaumif; vkyfaernfomjzpf
onf/ Gateway server onf 0if
a&mufvmaom POP3 e-mail stream
rsm;rS spam rsm;ESifh HTML odkYr[kwf
FTP stream ay: arsmygvmaom virus rsm;udk jzKwfcsay;ygvdrfhrnf/ xdk
vkyif ef;pOfuo
hJ Ykd vkyu
f ikd af y;aom USB
thumb drive wpfckudk wDxGifay;vdkuf
jcif; jzpfonf/ tvGefao;i,faom
t&G,ftpm;&Sdonfh Yoggie Pico av;
onf Pentium III odkYr[kwf ARM
User Interface enf;ynmwGuf "Microsoft Surface"
Software
Gesture-based taejzifhjzpfap?
Multitouch computing taejzifhjzpf

ap? cHpm;EdkifcGihf pdwful;pdwfoef;onf

opfqef;aomudpw
pfck r[kwaf y/ jyD;cJh
aomESpfuvnf; NYU tMuHay; udk,f
pm;vS,f okawoDodyHynm&Sif Jeff
Hahn u if;\ Perceptive Pixel
ukrP
o
D pf\ tajccHtaMumif;udpr sm;
udk xdkodkYaom yHkpHwpfckjzifh Presentation wpfck jyKvkyfcJhygao;onf/ Gesture Tek qdkygu vGefcJhaomtESpf 20
avmufuwnf;u tqdkygpdwful;jzihf
tajccHenf;ynmtcsKdUudk toHk;csMunfh
&if; trade shows rsm;ESifh av,mOf
uGif;rsm;\Murf;cif;ay:odkY qvdkufxdk;
um interactive aMumfjimrsm; vkyfudkif
aqmif&GufcJhMuygao;onf/ odkY&mwGif

54

uGefysLwm*sme,f

Microsoft \ Surface uJhodkY tm;&

p&maumif;avmufaom taetxm;rsK;d
r&SdcJhMuay/ Human machine interaction abmiftwGi;f odYk Microsoft \
fully realized Surface u trS e f
wu,f ta&mufwGef;ay;EdkifcJhjcif;jzpf
onf/ Oyrmtm;jzifh vufjzifh manipulation vkyfEdkif&eftwGuf surface rS
digital camera wpfvHk;\ images
rsm;udk qJG,laomtcg Physical ESifh
virtual tMum;rS vdkif;rsm;udk 0g;wm;
wm;jzpfomG ;apaomenf;vrf;udk zefw;D
ay;onf/ tqdkyg Surface udk 2008
ckESpftwGif; aps;a&mif;cef;rrsm;? [dk
w,fMuD;rsm;? av,mOfuGif;rsm;ESifh
entertainment ae&mwdkYwGif vufawGU
toHk;csEdkifawmhrnf jzpfonf/

enf;ynmtwGuf

"Liquid Resize"

"mwfyHkwpfyHkudk &&Sda&;twGuf
tvG,fwul dk;&Sif;pGm wnf;jzwfrI jyK
vkyfEdkifMuonf/ &Snf&Snfarsmarsmjzpf
ap? ykykysyfysyfjzpfap? ab;pGef;rsm;udk
z,f crops vkyf,lEdkifonf/ odkYaomf
z,fxkwfjyD; usef&Sdaom "mwfyHkt&G,f
tpm;twGuo
f m oihaf vsmfaom t&nf
taoG; &Sdaewwfygonf/ jzwfawmuf
jyD;onfh tajctaetwdkif; rlvt&G,f
tpm;od k Y wnf a qmuf , l o nf h t cg
t&nftaoG; avsmhenf;aeapawmh
onf/ xdo
k Ykd aom jyemtwGuf Liquid Resize u ajz&Sif;ay;Edkifygonf/
Seam Curving jzifh tuste vkyfay;
Edik af om enf;vrf;wpfcjk zpfonf/ xdo
k Ykd
vkyfaqmifjcif;udk retargeting [l

uGeyf sLwmtaxGaxG

wpfck qdkonfrSm tb,f

enf;/ rnfonft
h csurf sm; vkyaf qmif
ay;oenf;/
OS vHkjcHKrIudk oihfavsmfaom
Linux distro jzifh aqmif&Guf
ay;onf/
OS storage twGuf Dual
Flash memory caches jzihf
aqmif&Gufay;onf/
520 MHz Intel X Scale PX
Yoggie

wpfckudk Linux PC jzihf

vnfywfaeonfhtvm; vkyfudkifay;
onf/ Pico \ driver udk ud&d,mwGif
xnfhoGif;jyD;vQifjyD;csif; if;onf network traffic tm;vH;k udk tpDtpOfwus
aqmif&Gufvkyfudkifay;oGm;onf/ network level wGi&
f adS eaom jyemt&yf
&yftm; tqdkyg devices ay:wGif&Sd
processor

Kaspersky, Source-fire, Mailshell

ESihf Surf Control ponfuo
hJ Ykdaom security application 13 rsKd;rS ppfxkwf?

vnf; ac:qdkMuonf/ Disturbance tenf;qHk; tae

txm;jzifh ae&m a&TUay;Edkif
onfh pixel path wpfck &,l
a&;twGuf image \ gradient magnitude ud k twd
tus algorithm analyzes
vkyfay;Edkifapygonf/ odkYtwGuf image wpfct
k wGuf tvdt
k yfq;kH ae&mrsm;
odkYr[kwf ta&;MuD;onfh tpdwftydkif;
ud k carves vk y f a y;onf / Liquid
Resize qdkonfh aqmhzf0Judk wDxGif a&;
om;olrsm;rSm Ariel Shamir ESifh Shai
Avidan wdkY jzpfonf/ ,cktcg if;wdkY
ESpfOD;vHk; Ph.D bGJUudk,l&ef apmihfqdkif;
aeMujyD jzpfonf/ rMumao;rDurl
Avidan udk Adobe rS iSm;&rf; csKyfqdk

ppfaq; jyKjyifay;rnfjzpfonf/ tqdyk g

application rsm;ud k rd r d u G e f y sL
wmay:wGif wifxm; vnfywfapjcif;
r[kwjf cif;aMumifh rdru
d eG yf sLwm\ vkyf
ief;pOft&yf&yfudk aES;auG;wHkYqdkif;oGm;
jcif; r&Sad pawmhay/ Pico av; wyfqif
vdkufonfESifh rvdkvm;tyfonfh wdkuf
cdkufrItE&m,frsm; uif;jidrf;oGm;apyg
onf/

A 270 processor

128 MB SDRAM memory

ESifh USB 2.0 interface udk
toHk;cs wyfqifxm;onf/

aom owif ; aumif ;

wpf c k v nf ; Mum;cJ h &
onf/ tqdkyg seam
curving future onf
qufvuf xGuv
f mrnfh
Photoshop version

wGif yg0ifvmawmhrnf
jzpfonf/

azazmf0g&D? 2008

55

uGeyf sLwmtaxGaxG
2007 ckESpf qef;opfwDxGifol
twGuf "Steve Jobs"
teufa&mif turtleneck ESifh euf
arSmifaeaom *si;f abmif;bDukd tjrJ0wf
qifavh&Sdonfh Steve Jobs onf zuf
&Sif wDxGifqef;opfolwpfOD;awmh jzpf
rvmay/ odkYaomf olonf enf;ynm
opfrsm;ESit
fh wlw
JG xGuv
f maomtcg
trsm;\ tjriftmHkwGif 0dZmwpfOD;
yHo
k Pmefjzifh xif[yfapaom qJaG qmif
rIudk jyKvkyfEdkifcJhonf/ 2007 ckESpfwGif
tdkifwDavmuom;rsm;udk Apple TV
jzifhvnf;aumif;? Apple iPhone jzihf
vnf ; aumif ; rd w f q uf a y;cJ h o nf /
toHk;jyKolrsm;vuf ta&mufvnf;
trSefwu,f xkwfay;EdkifcJhonf/ Apple TV \ qef;opfrr
I sm;onf tHrh cef;
jzpfMu&ouJhodkY iPhone \ xl;jcm;
ajymifajrmufrIrsm;udkvnf; vltrsm;u
Mobmay;cJ h M u&onf / aemuf x yf
Steve Job rnfonfht&mrsKd;udk qef;
opfpmG wDxiG af y;OD;rnfenf;[kyif pdwf
0ifpm;zG,f&m yk*dKvfwpfOD;jzpfaeapyg
onf/

Component

enf;ynmtwGuf

"nVidia Tesla"

[kqdkygu trsm;u od&Sd

xm;jyD;jzpfaomfvnf; GPGPUs [k qdk
vdu
k yf gu vlwikd ;f odcsifrS odMuygvdrfh
rnf/ taxGaxGudpt
&yf&yf computing tasks rsm;twGuf graphics processors rsm;\ jydKifbuf wnfaqmufrI
jzihf xkxnfyrmPMuD;MuD; toHk;jyK,l
jcif; jzpfonf/ orm;dk;us twGuf
tcsuf dk;dk;av;jzifh wGufcsufMunfh
vQifyif wpfckwnf;tm;jzifh armif;ESif
ay;jcif;xuf jydKifbuftm;jzifh armif;
ESijf cif;u ydrk jkd refqefrnfukd awGU&SEd ikd Mf u
ygonf/ Video Connection rygonfh
GPU rsm;udk aygif;pnf;xkwfay;um
board wpfckwGif jzpfap? Single-precision-floating-point vkyfief;pOf\
GPUs

Wireless

enf;ynmtwGuf

plyguGefysLwmtqihfeD;yg; toHk;jyKEdkif
aprnfh desk-side box wpfcw
k iG jf zpfap
toHk;csEdkif&ef nVidia rS Tesla udk pDrH
wnfaqmufay;cJhjcif;jzpfonf/ General-purpose GPU [lonfh a0g[m&
udk twdak umufjzifh GPGPU [k ac:qdk
cJMh uonf/ Climate modeling twGuf
tvGef pGrf;aqmif&nfjrihfrm;aom coprocessor wpfcktjzpf vnf;aumif;?
Oil and gas exploration vkyfief;oHk;
coprocessor tjzpfvnf;aumif; ,ck
tcg toHk;jyKaeMujyD;jzpfonf/ if;udk
toHk;csjcif;jzifh plyguGefysLwmMuD;rsm;
udk toHk;jyKMu&jcif;xuf ukefusp&dwf
oufomaeygvdrhfrnf/

"Amimon WHDI"

Wireless USB taejzihfvnf; odxm;cJhMuaom Ultra-wideband tech

nologies (UWB) onf uifr&mrsm; uD;bkwfrsm;onf uGefysLwm
qufET,fypnf;rsm;twGuf wireless connection platform taejzifh

udk,fpm;jyKum aps;uGufodkY a&muf&SdvmcJhonf/ odkY&mwGif jyD;cJhaom

aqmif;&moDtwGif; Amimon [k trnf&Sdonfh tpa&;ukrPDrS Wireless
High Definition Interface (WHDI) alternative standard wpfcktjzpf
rdwfquf yg0ifvmcJhonf/ eH&Hudkjzwf ay 100 tuGmta0;txd 1080p
AD'D,dkt&nftaoG;udk MudK;rJhpepfjzifh xkwfvTwfay;Edkifonf/ tjcm;vkyfief;
orm;rsm;ESifh rwlnDaom IEEE .802.11a taejzifh 5-GHz unlicensed
band udk Amimon u toHk;jyK,laponf/ odkY&mwGif protocol udpr
Smrl
vHk;0 uGmjcm;aeonf/ xdkodkYaom vkyfief;pOftwGuf 3Gps onfyif
vkyfaqmifaponftxd tmrcHcsufay;vmcJhygonf/

56

uGefysLwm*sme,f

uGeyf sLwmtaxGaxG
Printing

enf;ynmtwGuf

"Memjet"

Silver brook Research Memjet

udk 10 ESpfMumrQ tcsdef,lum wDxGif

xkwfvkyfEdkifcJhjcif; jzpfonf/ wpfrdepf
vQif pmrsufESm 60 txd Memjet u
xkwfay;Edkifonfqdkygu tHhMooGm;Mu
rnfomjzpfonf/ wpfpueYf wpfrsuEf mS
y&ifhxkwfay;Edkifrnfhoabm jzpfonf/
Memjet [k ac:wG i f v d k u f j cif ; rS m
MEMS (micro-electromechanical
system) technology udk if;\ nozzles rsm;wGif xnfhoHk;xm;jcif;aMumifh
jzpfonf/ wu,fwrf;rSmrl printG x
f m;jcif;
heads rsm; qef;opfpmG wDxi

jzpfonf/ Page wpfck\ span tjynfh

&Sdaom heads rsm;udk toHk;cs,ljcif;
jzpfonf/ odYk twGuf yHEk ydS &f mwGif tvGef
jrefqefoGm;apcJhygonf/ 20 mm &Snf
vsm;aom chip wpfckpDtwGuf nozzles aygif; 6400 txd vkyfaqmifEdkif
ygvdrhfrnf/ odkYtwGuf second element onf chip jzpf\/ chip onf
A4 t&G,ftpm; armf',fvftwGuf
nozzles aygif; 70400 cefYjzifh armif;
xkwfay;onf/ wpfenf;qdk&aomf wpf
puefYwGif rifpufa&aygif; oef; 900
cefY csay;onfhoabmjzpfonf/

uGeyf sLwm*sme,f ESppf OfaMu;

ud,
k w
f ikd v
f ma&mufxw
k ,
f v
l Qif

14500d^-

pmwdu
k rf aS y;ydv
Yk Qif

15500d^-

e,frS aiGydkYvTmjzifh ydkYygu ]jzefYcsda&;r;? uGefysLwm*sme,f? 197 (c)

yxrxyf? 33 vrf;? &efukef} okdY vdyfrl ay;ydkYEdkifygonf/(tjrefacsmydkYjzifh
ykdYapvdkygu jrdKYtvdkuf oD;jcm;EIef;xm;rsm; jznfhpGufay;&ef vdkygonf/)

azazmf0g&D? 2008

57

uGefysLwm taxGaxG

uGefysLwm tE&m,fuif; *gxm

wJ h / acwf r D
wdk;wufwJh enf;ynm&yfawGeJY zefwD;
xm;wJh ud&,
d myJ/ olY&UJ aqmif&u
G Ef ikd pf rG ;f
pepfopfukM
d icrosoft ukrP
u
D &J&MJ uD;
tmrcHaew,f/ Adik ;f &yfp?f yd;k rTm;eJY Spyware awG tem;awmif roDEdkifatmif
tpG r f ; xuf o rd k Y uG e f y sLwmawG u d k
tum tuG,fay;r,fh ud&d,m opfvdkY
qdw
k ,f/w,f[w
k yf gvm;/ 'gayr,fh
olYaq;nTef;u wpfpdwfwpfydkif;
rQom rSefuefvdrhfr,f/ Windows XP eJYtwl wGJzufoHk;pGJ
r,fh Vista User
awG[m uGefysL
wm&J U usef ; rm
a&;eJY vHkjcHKpdwfcs
a&;twGuf xyf
aqmif;software awGukd
toHk;jyKzdkY vdktyfaeqJ
jzpfw,f/
tvH k ; pH k a om
aqmif&GufyHkpepfawG
rSm csKdU,Gif;csufawG &SdpjrJ jzpfw,f/
Apple &JU Mac OS X awmifrS aysmhnHh
csufawG 'keJYa';yJ/ 'ghtjyif jcdrf;
ajcmufrI&JU obm0udku rjidrfbl;/
ajymif;vJaew,f/ ywf0ef;usifudk t&GJU
wdkufaewJh uav;i,fawG&JU tE&m,f
wifrubJ tjcm;tE&m,fawG&Sdae
aMumif; uGefysLwm vHkjcHKa&; uRrf;usif
olawGu ,HMk unfxm;Muw,f/ owif;
tcsuftvufawG cdk;,la&; odkYr[kwf
pufud&d,mawGudk xdef;csKyfa&;twGuf
Windows Vista

58

uGefysLwm*sme,f

aiGawGyHkatmjyD; vIyf&Sm;aqmif&Gufvm
Muw,f/ bmyJjzpfjzpf Spyware Adkif;
&yfpfeJY ydk;rTm;uJhodkYaom *E0ifa[mif;
xJu jcdrf;ajcmufrIawG aysmufqHk;oGm;
vdrhfr,f/ uGefysLwm&JU wdkufcdkufrIawG
[m usnfuG,f? rsufuG,f &Sdvmw,f
vdkY qdkvdk&if;ygyJ/

Vista [m uGefysLwmumuG,fa&;

twGuf vdktyfaewJh ud&d,mwefqm

yvmawGxJu vufeufud&d,m tcsKdU
omjzpfw,f/ Vista xJrmS t"duuswhJ
xyfaqmif;jznfhpGufwJh ud&d,muawmh
Windows Defender jzpf w ,f /
Spyware udk okwo
f ifzYkdy/J Adik ;f &yfpaf wG
twGuf r&nf&G,fbl;/ Vista [m xdk
*sifjrif;tm;vHk;udk &yfwefYppfaq;Ekdif
jcif; r&Sdbl;/ oihfuGefysLwmrS
owif; tcsuftvufudk
tul;tajymif; vkyfay;Edkif
wJh MoZmtmPm ydkifpdk;
jcif; r&Sdbl;/ 'gaMumifh
omrefuGefysLwm uRrf;
usio
f al wGtwGuf Firewall udk pGJudkifoHk;pGJa&;
qdkwm jzpfEdkifajc enf;
w,f/
Windows

wpfck&JU aqmif&GufEdkif
pGr;f u MuD;rm;w,f/ uGe&f ufusL;ausmf
rIawGudk ydwfyif &yfwefYapEdkifw,f/
,kwfrmaumufuspfwJh software Installation awGudk wm;qD;Edkifw,f/
Adkif;&yfpfeJY ydk;rTm;awGudk [efYwm;Edkif
w,f/ 'gayr,fh ,aeY jcdrf;ajcmufrI
uawmh omref d;k d;k pif;pif; r[kwb
f ;l /
ora&marTxm;wJh jcdr;f ajcmufrI oPmef
eJY csOf;uyfvmaewm jzpfw,f/
Firewall

Vista

odkYr[kwf XP udk toHk;

jyKr,fqdk&ifawmh Firewall u tpG r f ; jyvd r h f
r,f/ twGi;f tjyif ESpcf pk vH;k rS uGe&f uf
ydwq
f Ykd raI wGukd apmihMf unfah y;vdrrfh ,f/
'grSom spyware eJY Adik ;f &yfpaf wGukd um
uG,fEdkifvdrhfr,f/ Mac [m Firewall
rS qif;oufvmrIwpfcyk /J Spyware udk
r&nf&G,fbl;/ Adkif;&yfpfudkawmh ESdrfeif;
ay;w,f/
Firewall udk xkwfvkyfwJh Zone
Labs eJY Spyware txl;uRrf;usifwJh
webroot software ukrPDawGuJhodkY

uGefysLwm taxGaxG

aom vHkjcHKa&; software ukrPDawG

aygif;pnf;xm;wJh ckcw
H u
kd cf u
kd af &; ud&d
,mawGudk &SmazGaeMuw,f/ tcktxd
awmh olwdkY&JU vdkvm;csufawG rjynfh0
ao;bl;/ Webroot rS Spy Sweeper
udk xkwfvkyfw,f/ Adkif;&yfpfumuG,f
a&; tpDtpOfawmh ygw,f/ 'gayr,fh
Firewall r[k w f b l ; jzpf a ew,f /
Microsoft u toHk;jyKolawGtwGuf
ydkjyD; tqifajyatmif MudK;yrf;aew,f/
Symantec's Norton Internet Security 2007 udk a':vm 70/
McAfee Internet security suite
2007 udk a':vm 50/
Microsoft OneCare udk a':vm 50/

tJ'Daps;EIef;avmufeJY a&mif;csay;
Edkifatmif MudK;yrf;cJw
h ,f/ tJ'D ud&,
d m
tm;vHk;udk Vista odkYr[kwf XP ay:
wifjyD; toHk;jyKEdkifw,f/ wpfESpfcefY
txd acwfraD evdrrfh ,f/ uGeyf sLwm oH;k ck
udk csdwfquftoHk;jyKEdkifw,f/ tJ'D
prf;oyfcsufawGt& Norton ay:xGuf
vmw,f/ taumif;qHk; aqmif&Gufay;
EdkifcJhw,f/ Web browser udk tifwm
eufeJY csdwfqufzdkY cGihfjyKoihfwJhtcgrsKd;
rSm tar;tjref;rxlapbJ aqmif&Guf
EdkifpGrf;wJh wpfckwnf;aom ud&d,myJ/
aMumifu iSuaf oaumifukd w&Gww
f u
kd f
qGJjyD; rkqdk;rmef,pfovdk <um;0gjcif;
vnf; tvQif;r&Sdbl;/ jcdrf;ajcmufrIawG

udk [efYwm;Edkifw,f/ &yfwefYapw,f/

tck vHkjcHKpdwfcspGm toHk;jyKEdkifjyDjzpfwJh
Norton Firewall &JU tapmydkif;umv
rSm&SdwJh jyemrsKd;udkvnf; rSefuefpGm
ajz&Sif;ay;Edkifw,f/ McAfee uvnf;
aooyfusepGm tvkyfvkyfay;w,f/
'gayr,fh olu qlnHoH ydkuJw,f/
OneCare uawmh tjcm;ud&d,m
awGxuf ESmwpfzsm;omw,f/ Data
Backup eJY Performance Tune up
awG xyfaqmif;yg&Sw
d ,f/ ,ck prf;oyf
aeqJ Norton 360 rSm a':vm 70 wef
McAfee Total Protection udk xyf
aqmif;xnfhxm;w,f/ McAfee udk
toHk;jyKovdkygyJ/ vG,fulw,f/ 'gay
r,fh jyemawG&adS eqJ ukrP
aD wGqrD S
umuG,af &; ud&,
d mawG 0,f,al &;[m
tenf;i,f vufwGefYp&myJ/
Test Labs uawmh tE&m,fudk
b,favmuf vsifjrefpmG wkYH jyefEikd o
f vJ
qdkwJh tcsufay:rlwnfjyD; tJ'Dud&d,m
awGudk aps;EIef;owfrSwfvdrhfr,f/ 'gu
ta&;rMuD;ygbl;/ cufwmu aemufq;kH
ay: jcdrf;ajcmufrIawG[m [muGuf
wpfpGef;wpfpav;xJuaejyD; ay:xGuf
vmaewmu jyemjzpfw,f/ 'gay
r,fh ta&;MuD;wJhudpu
software udk
Install vkyf&r,f/ ESpfvnfatmif tc
aMu;aiG&&SdaerIudk xdef;odrf;xm;a&;eJY
Program acwfrDa&; jzpfygw,f/

azazmf0g&?D 2008

59

uGeyf sLwmtaxGaxG

avxJrSm vGihfarsmaewJh Mouse

vGecf w
hJ v
hJ xJrmS ayg/h Logitech International &JU ajyma&;qdck iG &fh o
dS l trsK;d orD;
d m taMumif; wifjycJw
h ,f/
wpfO;D u olwu
Ykd rk P
x
D u
G f tqihjf rifh Mouse ud&,
tpnf;ta0;wpf&yf usi;f y jy;D azmfxw
k w
f ifjycJw
h myJ/ tJ'v
D kd xkwv
f yk af Mumif;
aMunmxm;wm tawmf MumcJhjyD/ 'gayr,fh tckawmh ,cif Mouse xuf ydkjyD;
aumif;rGew
f hJ Mouse udk xkwv
f yk Ef ikd cf hw
J m trSeyf gy/J
MudK;rJh Mouse trsKd;tpm; jzpf
w,f/ MX Air Mouse udk rGrf;rH jyif
qifjznfhpGuf xkwfvkyfcJhwm jzpfw,f/
aps;uawmh renf;vSbl;/ a':vm 150
wJh/ Mouse armf',fvfxJrSm aps;
tMuD;qHk; ud&d,myJ/ aeYpOf oHk;pGJol
trsm;pkMuD;twGuf xkwfukeftopf
wpfrsK;d vdYk qd&k r,f/ orm;d;k us Mouse
xuf ta0;xdef;pepf tm;omrI MuD;
rm;w,f/ uD;bkwfa&SUu zefom;jyif
ay:rSm 'DZdkif;a&;qGJjcif;? 0ufbfqdkufxJ
0ifjcif;? *drf;upm;jcif;wdkYudk jyKvkyfEdkif
w,f/ 'ghtjyif tdrfoHk;yDpDawGudk ay
30 ta0;rS vSrf;jyD; toHk;jyKapEdkifwJh
Mouse jzpfw,f/ tjcm;ud&,
d m trsm;
tjym;eJYvnf; ydjk yD; obm0usus quf
oG,f aqmif&GufEdkifwJh enf;vrf;wpfck
tjzpf vSnfhajymif;vJjcif;yJ/
Nintendo &JU Wii *dr;f pepfrmS &Sw
d hJ
xdef;csKyfa&; ud&d,muJhodkYaom MX
Air uvnf; tawmf a&SUwef;a&muf
acwfrDwJh ud&d,m jzpfw,f/ olYrSm
Hillcrest "mwfcGJcef;xGuf a&GUvsm;
tmHkcH enf;ynmwpf&yf &Sdaew,f/
'D*&D axmihfcsKd;jyD; txufatmufeJY
[dkbuf 'Dbuf a&GUvsm; teHYcHwJh *dkifdk
pukwaf wGrmS toH;k jyKwJh a&GUvsm;tmHck H

60

uGefysLwm*sme,f

enf;ynm jzpfw,f/ tJ'D Mouse udk

toHk;jyKjyD; zefom;jyif wpfae&m&m&Sd
trSwfwpfckudk vSrf;axmufr,fqdk&if
b,fvdk OD;wnfcsuf vm;&mudkrqdk
axmufvSrf;Edkifapw,f/ bmjzpfvdkYvJ
qdak wmh tJ'u
D &d ,
d m&JU vIy&f mS ;rIukd vrf;
aMumif;ay;wJh t&Sdefwdkif; ud&d,m wyf
k w
f ikd f
qifxm;vdYk jzpfw,f/ Mouse ud,
u olb,fvdk &yfwnfjyD; vrf;aMumif;
ay;&r,f qd k w mud k od & S d a ew,f /
'gaMumifh Mouse udk a&jyifnDxm;a&;
twGuf *kwpdkuf xdef;ausmif; udkif
wG,af y;p&m rvdt
k yfawmhb;l / jyD;awmh
Onboard Processor wpfcu
k vIy&f mS ;rI
udk udef;aojzpfaeatmif xdef;ay;xm;
w,f/ 'gaMumifh vufrjidrb
f J vIy&f mS ;rI
aMumifh twdrf;tapmif; rjzpfatmif
jznfhpGuf wnfhrwfay;avh&Sdw,f/

]uvpftuf'f0yf'fpf} u Mouse
topfudk udkifwG,f toHk;jyKcJhaMumif;
a&;om; azmfjycJhw,f/ tawmf tom;
wusjzpfatmif toHk;jyKcJhw,fqdkyJ/
zefom;jyifeJY tawmf vSrf;vSrf;rSaejyD;
zefom;jyifay:u trSwftom;awGudk
appm;Edik w
f hJ Mouse [m rsuv
f n
S jhf yae
ovdk xifrSwf&aMumif;eJY windows
Vista odkYr[kwf Mac OS X wdkY&JU
zefom;jyif ay:rSmvnf; b,fvjkd yem
rsKd;rS rjzpfapwJh Mouse vdkY olu
qdkw,f/ vuftvdkus aumif;aumif;
MuD; aqmif&Gufay;EdkifordkY yDwdjzpfp&m
aumif;wJh Mouse jzpfw,f/ yDpD toHk;
jyKol a wG t wG u f v nf ; xyf a qmif ;
software &Sy
d gw,f/ Microsoft office
applications, Adobe Photoshop,
iTunes eJY Win DVD awGudk toHk;jyK

uGeyf sLwmtaxGaxG
r,fq&kd if Mouse udk vufxJ udik x
f m;
&if; b,fae&mu yJjzpfjzpf toHk;jyKvdkY
&w,f/ iTunes oDcsif;awG&JU twdk;
tus,f you tube AD'D,dk tzGihftydwfeJY
Yahoo xJ0ifjyD; owif;Munfha&;wdkYudk
vnf; tvG,fwulaqmif &Gufay;Edkif
pGrf;&Sdw,f/
tEkpw
d f jc,freI ;f a&;twGuv
f nf;
tqifajywJh Mouse ygyJ/ MX Air
[m tEkynmvuf&m zefw;D &Siw
f pfO;D eJY
qifqif wlaew,f/ 'D Mouse jzpf
xGef;vma&;twGuf tultnDay;cJhol
uawmh tdkif,mvefEdkifiHrS 'DZdkifemawG
jzpfw,f/ Mouse topfuav;[m
oG,fvsvs a&pufuav;eJY wlvGef;
w,f/ Mouse &JU txuf ydkif; ta&mif
tqif;u ]r[l&m aMumif0if} tqif
taoG; jzpfw,f/ atmufbufydkif;udk
awmh aiGrif okwv
f rd ;f jc,foxm;w,f/
Play (zGihf)? Pause (acw&yfem;)?
Back (aemufjyef)? Select (a&G;cs,f
owf r S w f ) jcif ; awG vk y f a y;wd k i f ;
awmufywJh cvkwfawG&JU rsufESmjyif
atmufem;ususrS y,if;a&mif tvif;
wef;awG xGuaf y:aew,f/ ,ck Mouse
topfudk a&TUwdkif; tJ'Dvdk xGufay:ae
w,f/ Logitech rS tpm;xdk;wyfqif
wJh ud&,
d mwpfc&k adS o;w,f/ ae&m tESYH

zefom;jyifay:u trSwftom;
awGudk appm;EdkifwJh Mouse [m
rsufvSnfhjyaeovdk xifrSwf
&aMumif;eJY windows Vista
odrYk [kwf Mac OS X wd&Yk UJ
zefom;jyif ay:rSmvnf;
b,fvdkjyemrsKd;rS rjzpfapwJh
Mouse vkYd

tjym;rSm awGUae&wJh Scroll Wheel

udk Thumb-operated swipe pad eJY
tpm;xdk;jcif;yJ/ tJ'Dud&d,mu yDpD
zefom;jyifay:u pm&Guaf wGukd txuf
atmuf a&GUvsm;ay;w,f/ tvsiftjref
pm&Guaf wG vSeaf vSmcsiw
f ,fq&kd ifawmh
uvpf? uvpf jrnfoH ay;vmvdrrfh ,f/
tJ'aD wmh MX Air u Blue Tooth
0dik ,
f mMudK;udk a&SmifMuOfw,f/ tJ'aD wmh
tjcm; ud&d,mawGrSmvnf; tajymif;
tvJawG jzpfvmEdkifp&m &Sdw,f/ 2.4
GHz a&'D,dk a&mifjcnfwef;awGudk
appm;vmEdkifw,f/ WiFi ? rdkufcdka0hzf
rD;zdek YJ tjcm; Gizmos awGtwGuv
f nf;
toH;k 0ifvmEdik w
f ,f/ MX Air Mouse
enf;ynmu t&m0wK trsKd;tpm;
aygif;rsm;pGmudk xGef;opfapEdkifaMumif;
]wpf} ay;vmjcif; jzpfw,f/ Logitech
taejzihf Mouse enf;ynmopf[m
tdrfoHk; tDvufx&Gefepf ud&d,mawG
xJudk xdk;azmufzdkY pDrHudef; csvmzG,f
&Sdw,f/ Logitech ukrPDu Apple rS
pmrsufESmwpfckudk ,ljyD; yDpD toHk;jyKol
awGudk rdepfydkif;twGif; tvsiftjref
aqmif&Gufapjcif;jzifh vHk;0 vufawGU
uswJh MudKwifodjrifEkdifpGrf;udk zefwD;
cJhwmygyJ/
udk,f[ef trlt&mtay: tajccH
xm;wJh trdefYay;pepf yHkpHud&d,mawG
jzpfMuwJh Mac eJY tjcm; xkwfukef ESpf
rsK;d vH;k twGuf ydrk kd aumif;rGew
f hJ aqmhz0f J
awG&JU tultnDawG jzpfxGef;apzdkY arQmf
vifhaeMuw,f/ ta0;rS cdkif;ap trdefY
ay;EdkifwJh Mouse trsKd;tpm;opfawG
udk rMumrD awGU&SdEdkifawmhr,f jzpfyg
aMumif;/
cifarmifaZmf
Ref : BusinessWeek
Aug 20 & 27 2007

azazmf0g&?D 2008

61

uGeyf sLwmtaxGaxG

Intel

eJY

wwd,urm
ruqDudkpD;wD;
jrdKUawmfu tcsdef
wpfem&DcGJavmuf
um;armif;oGm;&if
]rmvif e,f(vf)udk}
jrdKUi,fav;udk
a&mufr,f/ tJ'DrSm
trSwf (156)
tv,fwef;ausmif;
&Sdw,f/ aiGaMu;
usyfwnf; vGef;vdkY
ausmif;a&tdrfrSm
a&tdrfoHk; puLawmif
rxm;ay;Ekdifbl;/
pmoifom;
211 a,muf &Sd&mrSm
64

xuf0ufeD; eD;u
qif;&Jygw,fqkdwJh
tqifh&JU atmufrSm
&Sdw,f/ 'gayr,fh
'DaeYeHeufcif;rSmawmh
xl;xl;qef;qef;
t|rwef;
pmoifom;rsm;[m
ukd,fhpm;yGJcHkeJYukd,f
Laptop tao;pm;rsm;
udk,fpDeJY
cvkwfawGudk ESdyfjyD;
acgif;raxmifEkdifatmif
pdwf0ifwpm;
vkyfaqmifaeMuwm
awGU&ygw,f/

uGefysLwm*sme,f

Intel ukrP
u
D vmvSL
oGm;w,fwJh/ "mwkaA'bm
omoif q&mr ]]rmwifeD
dkqm}}u olYpmoifom;awG
udk Web b,fvdk &SmazG&r,f
qkdwm teD;uyf ]]&ufwkd
oifwef;}} ay;aejcif;wJh/
uav;awG[m online pm
zwfjcif;eJY pl;prf;avhvmjcif;
buf tm;oefMuw,fvdkY
q&mru qkdygw,f/ olr
udk,fwkdifvnf; rMumao;rD
urS uGefysLwmoifwef;udk
em&Daygif; 60 wufvmcJhol
jzpfw,f/
Intel &JU vkdvm;csufu
Digital Divide udk aygif;ul;
wHwm;vkd oabmxm;jyD;
aps;uGufopf wpfckvHk;udk
vrf;opfxGif OD;aqmifwJhol

jzpfcsifw,f/ wefzkd;enf;
PC rsm;eJY urmtESHY pmoif
cef;rsm;udk tjynhf jznhfay;
Ekdif&r,fvdkY &nf&G,fw,f/
olwkdY&JU Classmate Laptop topfrsm;[m wpfckudk
a':vm 320 qkdawmh ]rm
vif e ,f ( vf ) ud k } jrd K Ui,f
twGufudk jznfhay;zdkY olwkdY
tpkd;&twGuf wefzdk;rsm;ae
ao;ovdk zGHUjzdK;wkd;wufqJ
Edik if rH sm;twGuyf g aps;jrifah e
ao;w,fvYk q
d ydk gw,f/ 'Dvkd
&nf r S e f ; csuf w l w J h tjcm;
tzGUJ wpfc&k ydS gw,f/ rufqm
csL;quf pufrIwuodkvfu
ya&mfzufqm ]eDudkvyf(pf)eD*dyk eG w
f }D uvnf; ]]Laptop
wpfck? uav;wpfa,muf}}
One Laptop Per Child

uGeyf sLwmtaxGaxG

(OLPC) qkdjyD;

tzGJUtpnf;
wpfczk UJG xm;w,f/ olYueG yf sL
wmrsm;u oHk;pGJ& vG,ful
r,f/ pGrf;tifvHkavmufpGm
&&Sdr,f/ aemuf aps;EIef;
uvnf ; a':vm 100
odkYr[kwf tJ'Dxuf enf;csif
enf;r,f/ OLPC u XO
Laptop trnfeJY ynmukef
oH;k jyD; vkyaf qmifaewm ,ck
taetxm;t& Laptop
wpfck a':vm 175 aps;eJY
ndaew,f/ Intel &JU Classmate uawmh rwf v
uwnf;u xkwfvkyfaejyD/
wkwpf uf?kH wkw(f wkid af y)
vlrsKd;u xkwfvkyfjyD; olwdkY
ukrP
u
D Elitegroup Computer Systems uk r P D
(ECS) vkdY ac:w,f/ olwdkY

u 10 EkdifiHrSm ajrprf;c&rf;
ysKd; prf;oyfaejyD/ ESpfukef
txd 25 EkdifiHrSm prf;oyf
r,fvdkY qkdygw,f/
Intel eJY OLPC wkdY&JU
,SOfjydKifyGJvdkYyJ qkdqkd? Munhf
raumif;wJh yGJyg/ jrifhrkd&f
awmifeJY qD;aph/ wpfzGJUu
urmajray:rSm MoZmtMuD;
rm;qHk; tqifhjrifh enf;ynm
ypn;f xkwv
f yk w
f t
hJ zGUJ / usef
wpfzGJUu tvSL&Sifi,ftzGJU
yg/ 'gayr,fh Google, eBay, News aumfydka&;&Sif;eJY
Advanced Micro Devices pwJh ukrPDMuD;? tzGJU

MuD;rsm;&JU yHrk eS t
f ultnDawG
taxmuftyHhawG &w,fvdkY
qkdygw,f/ 'gayr,fh 'DtzGJU
ESpfzGJU&JU ta&;ygwJh vlMuD;

rsm;[m twlwl yl;aygif;jyD;

vkyfzdkYtwGuf pum;ajymae
MujyDvdkYvnf; qkdygw,f/
yl;aygif;jyD;vkyf&if bm
tcsufawG yg0ifr,fqkdwm
rod&ao;ygbl;/ 'gayr,fh
wpfOD;csif;yJ vkyfvkyf? yl;
aygif;jyD;yJ vkyv
f yk f ynma&;
buf wkd;wufatmif aqmif
&GufEkdifovm;/ okdYr[kwf
wkd;wufqJ EkdifiHawGuae
wpf q if h 'D toH k ; 0if w J h
tqifhjrifh enf;ynmawGudk
ay;urf;&mrSmaum atmif
jrifyghrvm;/ 'gvnf; rao
csmygbl;/ 'gayr,fh 'DjydKifyGJ
uae jrifvmwmawGawmh &Sd
ygw,f / ur m h PC aps;
uGuf wk;d wufrI aESmifah ES;ae
wmudk b,fvkd zefwD;&r,f
qkdwJh tpDtpOf Intel MuHae
jyDqkdwm&,f? ]eD*kdyGefwD} u
vIyf&Sm;vkdufwmeJY csufcsif;
udk wkYH jyefovd?k vkt
d yf&if vdk
tyfovdk b,fvkd xufjruf
pGmeJY vIyf&Sm;Ekdifw,fqkdwm
udkvnf; jyovdkufygw,f/
Intel taeeJYuvnf;
tifrwefrScg;oD;p&maumif;
wJh tajymif;tvJawGeJY &if
qkdifae&ygw,f/ olwkdY&JU
microprocessors rsm;[m
PC e,fy,frSm wGifus,fae
qJqkdayr,fh qJvfzkef;rsm;eJY
tjcm; ukd,feJYruGm o,f,l
oGm;EkdifwhJ ud&d,m trsKd;
tpm;u vsifjrefpGm wkd;yGm;
vmaeawmh chips awGudk
oHk;pGJ&mrSm PC xuf omae
w,f/ PC vkyfovkd cyfrsm;
rsm; vk d u f v k y f E d k i f w ,f /

aemuf urmtESHY us,fjyefY

pGmvnf; oHk;pGJvmaew,f/
'gawGeJY Intel &ifqkdifae&
w,f/
'D v k d e J Y Internet eJ Y
vG,u
f pl mG rqufo,
G Ef ikd w
f hJ
wkd;wuf zGHUjzdK;qJEkdifiHrsm;qD
aps;uGuf vTifhMunhfawmh
]ynma&;aps;uGuf}udk oGm;
awGUw,f/ olwdkYxkwfvkyf
xm;wJh Classmate eJYqkd
tHukdufjzpfaew,f/ olwdkY
twGuf t"du tcGifhta&;
vdkY jrifvmMuw,f/ olwdkY
ypnf; oef;aygif;&mvdkufcsD
jyD; jzKef;Edkifr,fvdkY arQmfvifh
vmMuw,f/
olwdkYudk yxrqHk; pdef
ac:wmuaps;EIe;f yJ/ aps;EIe;f
u txl;udk rrsm;rSyJ jzpf
r,f/ ]eD*kyd eG w
f }D &JU XO puf
u txl;udk aocsmpGm 'DZdkif;
qGx
J m;wJh oH;k pGo
J l interface
u yxrqHk; oHk;pGJolawG
twGuf &nf&,
G w
f ,f/ Intel
Chips rsm;eJ Y Microsoft
Software rsm;eJYrwlatmif
udk usepGm vkyfxm;w,f/
Intel &JUpufu 'Wintel' PC
rsm;udk t0wfa[mif;cRwfjyD;
t0wfopf pGyfay;ovdkjzpf
w,f/ tpdwftykdif;rsm;udk
tm&Suae vkyfapw,f/ 'D
tcg aps;EI e f ; u a':vm
300 eD;eD; ukefw,f/ olwdkY
tqkdu vuf&Sd enf;ynm
opfvrf;aMumif;udk vkdufjyD;
aps;EIef; enf;atmif vkyf
aqmif&jcif;ygwJh/
'DaeYtxdawmh olwdkY
ajymwJhtwkdif; [kwfaeyg

azazmf0g&D? 2008

65

uGeyf sLwmtaxGaxG
w,f/ Classmate PC udk
'DZikd ;f yHq
k cJG ef;uae xkwv
f yk f
wJhtxd 18 vawmif rMum
bJ vIyf&Sm;aejyD/ ZGefv pOD;
ydik ;f uvnf; wkw(f wdik af y)
vlrsKd;ydkif Asustek Computer ukrP
u
D kd Classmate
'DZdkif; tajccHjyD; laptop
wpf r sKd ; ud k a':vm 200
atmufaps;eJY xkwfvkyfcdkif;
xm;aMumif; aMunmw,f/
Intel taeeYJvnf; hardware xkwv
f yk af eHak vmufeYJ
rjyD;awmhbl;/ ruqDukdeJY
tjcm;ae&mrsm;twGuf Intel
[m ynma&; software eJY
q&mjzpfoif taxmuftyHh
awGudk Classmate xJ xnhf
ay;ae&w,f/ Intel twGuf
*kPf,lp&m aumif;ovdk?
uk,
d ahf e&m uGuu
f u
G u
f av;
udo
k m pdw0f ifpm;jcif;r[kwf
aMumif; jyovdkufovdkygyJ
vdkY ajymoGm;ygw,f/
]eD*kyd eG w
f }D u ruqu
D kd
eJY tjcm;kef;uefaewJh EkdifiH
rsm; tygt0if Intel vuf
xJxnhfzdkY arQmfvifhraeygeJY
[kqykd gw,f/ ol[m ruqD
udkEkdifiH orweJY awGUqHkcJhjyD;
ruqDudkEkdifiH&JU tcsrf;om
qHk; w,fvDuGef;eJY uka#
<u,f o l a X; jzpf o G m ;wJ h
]]zdvpf-umvf'&D eG }f }eJY awGUjyD;
aMumif;? OLPC udk tul
tnDay;zdYk pdw0f ifpm;aMumif;
qkdoGm;ygw,f/ xifomjrif
om tcuftcJwpfck ol &if
qkdifae&wmu eD*dkyGefwDrSm
uav;awG vufxJxnfhzdkY
pD;yGm;a&; Laptop wpfckrQ

66

Offline rSm

b,fuav;rQ cserf xm;bl;

Intel eJY OLPC wdkY&JU

jydKifyGJwpfck/ urmwpfvTm;
uav;rsm;vufxJ wefzkd;
enf; Laptop rsm; a&muf&Sd
a&;? ynma&;buftaxmuf
tyHah y;zdYk twGujf zpfygw,f/
olwYdkEpS zf UJG u jydKifbufvnf;
[kw?f rMumrDy;l aygif;aqmif
&GufMur,fh tzGJUvdkYvnf;
owif ; xG u f a eygw,f /
OLPC &JU OD;pD;OD;&Guu
f ruf
qmcsL;qufpufrw
I uov
kd f
&JU ya&mfzufqm ]]eDuv
kd yf(pf)
eD*dyk eG w
f }D } yg/ wuov
dk &f UJ
"Media Lab"udk pwifwnf
axmifox
l w
J pfO;D tygt0if
vnf; jzpfw,f/ ]]Laptop
wpfck? uav;wpfa,muf}}
(One Laptop per Child OLPC) udk azmfaqmifcJhol

jzpfw,f/ 2003 ckEpS rf pS cJjh yD;

vufawGUvnf; 'DaeYtxd
MudK;pm;jyD; taumiftxnf
ay:atmifvyk af qmifaeolyg/
ukef;vrf; avvrf;ygrusef

uGefysLwm*sme,f

c&D;xGufjyD; tawG;tjrifu
vufawGU trsm; tmHkjyK
atmif MudK;pm;aeolyg/
tcsdef&vdkYu 'Dtywf
rS m ol Y u d k tm*sif w D ; em;
okdYr[kwf b&mZD;EkdifiHrSm
awGUEkdifr,f/ jyD;rS *sufav
,mOfeJY ygupwefEdkifiHrSm
tpnf;ta0;wpfckudk oGm;
wuf? aemuf a[mifaumif
odkYr[kwf xkdif;EdkifiHrSm c&D;
pOfudk tqHk;owfcsif owf
vdrfhr,f/ vpfAsm; orw
u'gzDeJY oJuEm& olY&JU
wJrSm awGU&ifvnf; 'DyHkpH/
,dk;',m; awmf0ifrdom;pk
rif;orD; oD&d'HkeJY awGU&if
vnf; rlao 'DyHkpHygyJ/ olY
vkyfief;twGuf MoZmMuD;
rm;wJh vlawGeYJ yk*Kd vfa&;&if;
ESD;rIawGudk &atmif ,ljcif;
yg/ pdwftm;xufoefjcif;eJY
MoZmvTrf;rdk;Ekdifjcif; t&nf
tcsif;rsm; &SdvdkYvnf; jzpfyg
w,f/

]eD*kyd eG w
f }D [m csr;f om
<u,f0wJh rdom;pku ayguf
zGm;vmcJo
h l jzpfygw,f/ qGpf
ZmvefvEkd idk if rH mS ausmif;tdyf
ausmif;pm;aejyD; ynmoif
vmcJholyg/ oleJY twef;azmf
wpfOD;u ]rdkufu,f u'l;&D}
jzpfjyD; yJief pD v
l m a[mfw,f}}
uGif;qufrsm;ydkifwJh a[mif
aumif uka#<u,fro
d m;pk0if
jzpfygw,f/ eD*dkyGefwD[m
,ck touf 63 ESpf &SdygjyD/
ausmif;jyD;awmh MIT rSm
q&m vkyfygw,f/ 1980
jynhfESpfrSm Media Lab MuD;
wnf a xmif & mrS m ul n D
aqmif&u
G af y;cJyh gw,f/ tJ'D
uaeyJ digital awmfvSefa&;
MuD;wpf&yf jzpfatmif ESpf
aygif; 20 avmuf vIyf&Sm;cJh
ygw,f/
aemuf olYukd pGefYpm;wJh
t&if;&Sifwpfa,muftjzpf
vnf ; vl o d r sm;ygw,f /
Motorola armf a wmf u m;

uGeyf sLwmtaxGaxG
ukrPDbkwftzGJUrSm yg0ifvdkY
jzpfygw,f/ ckqkd&ifvnf;
OLPC udk MIT &JU ya&mfzuf
qmrsm;udk OD;aqmifjyD; vIyf
&Sm;aeygw,f/ aemuf olY
twGuf tm;udk;pGmeJY vrf;
nTefrIay;EkdifwJh 'kwd, EdkifiH
jcm;a&;0efMuD;vnf; jzpfjyD;
trsKd;om;axmufvSrf;a&;
nTefMum;a&;r;a[mif;wpf
a,mufvnf;jzpfwJh *Ref'DeD*dkyGefwDyJ jzpfw,f/ b,f
udpr qkd oleJY t&if wkdifyif
avh &Sdw,f/ teD;qHk; tMuH
ay;yk*dKvfyJvdkY ajymavh&Sd
wmyg/ wu,fvdkY Intel eJY
OLPC wdkY yl;aygif; aqmif
&Guf&if; ESpfzufpvHk; udk,feJY
qkid &f m MoZm&Sw
d rhJ w
d af qGrsm;
eJY rdom;pkrsm;&JU yHyh ;kd rIudk &rSm
aocsmvdkY urmMuD;twGuf
aumif;aom? r*Fvm&Sdaom
&v'frsm;omay;rSm rkcsjzpf
ygw,f/

olYqDrSm r&Sdao;jcif; jzpfyg

w,f/ Intel uawmh ]*Gg
'vm*sm&meJY rmvife,f(vf)
udk} rSm Classmate jzefYzdkY
a'ocH jzefYcsda&;orm;eJY
pmcsKyf csKyfxm;jyD; jzpfw,f/
wkwf (wkdifay)vlrsKd; vkyf
azmf&JUukrPD ECS eJY vnf;
'DESpfukefrSm Classmate wpf
oef; xkwfvkyfzdkY tpDtpOf
&Sdw,fvdkY qkdoGm;ygw,f/
]eD*kdyGefwD}u Intel udk
b,fvpdk yG pf o
GJ vJqdk wpfcsdef
wkef;u Intel [m tjrwf
tpGe;f r,lwhJ olY&UJ vkyif ef;udk
acszsufzdkY MudK;pm;cJhw,f/
bmaMumifhqkd olY&JU ta&;
tMuD;qHk;jzpfwJh Chips awG
udk Intel eJY rwnfhwJh AMD
uae 0,fwJhtwGufaMumifh
vdkY ajymygw,f/ olY&JU Laptop tpDtpOfudk toHk;csjyD;
zGHUjzdK;qJEdkifiHawGrSm microprocessors vkdtyfcsuf wkd;
wuf a tmif vk y f a qmif c J h
w,fvYkd qkyd gw,f/ olwYkd u
aps;uGuf wpfckvdk Munhf
w,f/ 'gayr,fh zGHUjzdK;qJ
Edik if aH wGtzdYk tajccHynma&;
u aps;uGufwpfckrQ r[kwf
bJ vlYtcGifhta&;yJ/ Intel
u vlYtcGifhta&; pD;yGm;a&;
vkyfief;vdk oabmxm;r,f
rxifbl;vdkY &dcJhw,f/
yl ; aygif ; aqmif & G u f
jcif ; [m rvd k p d w f a wG u d k
azsmufzsufypfEkdifpGrf;w,f/
'DtwGuf vrf;pOfawG &SdjyD;
om;yJ / Intel &J U t"d u
wm0ef&SdolwpfOD;u ]eD*dk
yGefwD}eJY tqifajyaMumif;

tjrJwrf; pum;zvS,f ajym

qkdavh &SdaMumif;? ]yGefwD} udk
olY&JU Laptop twGuf applications &zdYk Linux Software xk w f v k y f o l r sm;eJ Y
qufqHa&;udk csD;usL;avh
&Sdw,f/ olwdkYtzGJU ESpfck yl;
aygif; aqmif&Gufjcif;[m
urmt&yf&yf Ekid if rH sm;&JU wk;d
wufwhJ tqifjh rifeh nf;ynm
buf ykdjyD; aumif;rGefvmzdkY
&Sdygw,f/
Laptop toHk;jyKjcif;
[m taumif;qHk;enf;vrf;
vd k Y jrif o l enf ; ygw,f /
wefzkd;enf; uGefysLwmu
bmvJvdkY ar;&if zkef;yJvkdY
vlwkdif; tajzay;ygr,f/
taumif;qH;k u olyv
J Ykd ajym
rvm;/
um vD zkd; eD; ,m; u
ukrPDwpfckjzpfwJh NComputing u urmMuD;&JU Digital Divide twGuf tajz
[m uGefysLwmudk pkaygif;
vkyfaqmifMuzdkY jzpfw,f
vdkY qkdygw,f/ toHk;jyKol
wpfOD;twGuf 11 a':vm
avmuf tukeftuscHHkeJY
pmoifausmif; odkYr[kwf
tpdk;&rsm;taeeJY 'thin clients' vkdY ac:wJh network
udk toHk;jyKEkdifr,f/ olu
desktop pufjzpfjyD; A[dv
k yk f
aqmifa&;,lepfrsm; rygbl;/
Server wpfckeJY qufoG,f
vkduf&if ysufoGm;wJh Laptops awG u d k 0ef a qmif r I
ay;Ekid w
f hJ jyemudk ajz&Si;f
ay;w,f/
tcsKdUusawmh b,fvkd

jrifovJqkd&if uGefysLwm
tydkif;udkom tmHkpdkuf&if;
ausmif;eJY ywfoufwJhtykdif;
rSm ausmif;om;rsm;&JU tm
[m& jynfph akH &;? q&mq&mr
vk H a vmuf p G m &S d a &;buf
rcRwf,Gif;zkdYvnf; ta&;
MuD;ygw,f/ ausmif;om;
wpf a ,muf uG e f y sLwm
wpfv;kH u wu,ftultnD
ay;rSmvm;/ vrf;nTefrI ay;
Ekdifol rsm;rsm;pm;pm; &SdzdkY?
axmufyrhH I vHak vmufpmG ay;
EkdifzdkY&Sd&if atmifjrifEkdifyg
w,f / ru q D u d k E d k i f i H r S m
tcsdefwkdawmif;wJh umv
twGif; tusKd;jzpfxGef;Ekdif
rvm;vkdY ar;&if tajzu
rjzpfEkdifbl;yJ xGufygr,f/
b,folawG bmyJajym
ajym a&SUodkYyJqkdwmu Intel
yJ jzpfygw,f/ Calssmate
udk oHk;jyD; ypfrSwftopf &Sm
aejyefw,f/ tJ'gu tar&d
uefjynfaxmifpkyJ/ rMum
ao;rDu atm&D*Gefjynfe,f
qmc&mrefwkdeJY ayghvJifjrdKU
ESpfjrdKUrSm prf;oyfcJhw,f/
vmr,fhESpfrSmvnf; Classmate udk toGifopfeJY aps;
uGuf0ifOD;r,f/ wkd;wuf zGHU
jzdK;jyD;whJ EkdifiH&Sd uav;rsm;
twGuf vkyfaqmifrI tjref
qH;k jyD;ajrmuf&r,f/ rsm;rsm;
odak vSmifxm;Ekid &f r,fh tajc
taersKd; a&mufatmif pDpOf
aqmif&u
G af ew,fvYkd qdo
k mG ;
ygw,f/
armifarmif (tif;vsm;)
Ref : Business Week,
July, 07.

azazmf0g&D? 2008

67

uGeyf sLwmtaxGaxG

NEWS: ANALYSIS

rke;f p&maumif;aom Windows Features-20

qef;opfvyS gonf qdak om Windows Vista onf Windows XP tm; tqihjfri w
hf ifxm;csuf
awmfawmfrsm; rsm; yg0ifaeygvrd rfh nf/
odkY&mwGif if;\ features wdkif;
onf csD ; rG r f ; Mobm ay;p&mcsnf ;
r[kwaf y/ Vista toH;k jyK olrsm;teuf
orm;dk;us vrf;dk;MudKufolrsm;tae
k v
kd m;
jzifh Aero user interface udk vdv
vm; r&SdMuouJhodkY wcsKdUuvnf;
UAC (user access controls) udk pGefY
ypfvMkd uygvdrrfh nf/ uJo
h Ykdaom tae
txm;rsm;&SdaecJhjcif;onf wu,fwrf;
tm;jzifh topftqef; r[kwfay/ yDpD
toHk;jyKMuolrsm;taejzifh 1985 ckESpf
Windows 1.0 udk Microsoft rS pwif
xkwfvkyfvdkufuwnf;u rjzpfrae
toHk;jyK&onfh Windows tools trsKd;
rsKd;tay: qHyifuGufp&m pdwftaESmihf
t,Sufrsm; cHpm;vmcJhMu&jcif; jzpf
onf/
,ck t cg Microsoft [l o nf
trnfemrudk atmifyGJcHcJhonfrSm 22
ESpfwif;wif;jynfhjyD jzpfouJhodkY com-

70

uGefysLwm*sme,f

puting platform rSm pdwfvuf rtD

rom jzpfp&m taMumif;tcsufawGudk
vnf; trSwfw&owdjyKrdonfh tcsuf
aygif; 20 avmuf &SdoGm;cJhjyD jzpfonf/
uav;wpfa,muf\ tqdk;tEGJUrsm;udk
auseyf ESpfodrfhpGm cHpm;rdwwfMuonfh
tvm; windows \ tMuD;rm;qHk;
flops ESifh flaws rsm;udk oabmus ESpf
jcdKufpGmjzifhyif wifjy&awmhrnf jzpf
onf/ tqdkyg trSwfw&jzpfzG,f&m
windows features rsm;udk tedrhfqHk;
tqifhrS pwifum tqihfvdkuf wifjy
ay;vdkygonf/

20 DRIVESPACE
odrk ;DS ud&,
d mav;awGrmS data awG?
files awGtwGuf ae&mydkrdkzefwD;ay;&ef
compress vk y f , l a paom tool ud k
drive space [k ac:a0:oH;k pGc
J MhJ uonf/

odkrDS;yrmPESifh ywfouf tera-byte

xuf0ufcefY yrmPcefY &Sdonfh hard
disk wpfck\ wefzdk;onf a':vm 90
cefYom usoihfaom tcsdeftcgwGif
megabyte cefY yrmPavmuf ydkifqdkif
cGihf&jcif;udk arhavsmhxm;vdkufMuawmh
onf/ tav; rrlwwfMuawmhay/
1993 ckESpfwGif DOS 6.0 ESifhtwl
Double Space udr
k w
d q
f ufay;cJo
h nf/
jydKifqdkifbuf Stac Electronics jzifh
patent wpfckudk tay;t,lrQwpGm jzpf
cJjh yD;aemuf windows 95 wGif if;tpm;
Drive Space udk toHk;cscGihf &oGm;
ap&ef pDpOf aqmif&Gufay;cJhonf/
Drive Space taejzifh data rsm;
udk disk wpfckay:wGif ae&mESpfqcefY
ydkvmaponftxd npfxnfhay;Edkif
onf/ odkY&mwGif tqdkyg data rsm;udk
recover jyefvy
k o
f nft
h cgwGirf l pGeYf peG Yf
pm;pm; &SdaeMu&onf/ Windows XP

uGeyf sLwmtaxGaxG
rS p Drive Space udk yHhydk;ay;jcif;
r&Sad wmhay/ xdt
k csuu
f kd rnforl Q owd
rjyKrdvdkufMuay/
19 WINDOWS MOVIE MAKER
xGufay:vmjyD;orQ windows
rsm;teuf vlwdkif; pdwfwdkif;
rus jzpfMu&onfh version rSm windows Me jzpfonf/ tqdkyg Windows Me wGif Windows Movie
Maker udk yxrqHk; rdwfquf xnfh
oGif;ay;cJhonf/ Apple \ iMovie
video editor udk tm;us xnfhay;
vdkufonf[k xifjrif,lq&onf/
yDpDtoHk;jyKolrsm;taejzifhrl tqdk
yg windows movie maker tm; barebones ydk*&rfwpfcktaejzifh tod
trSwf jyKvdkufMuonf/ Titling vkyf
ief;pOfvnf; aqmif&Gufr&? effects
rsm;vnf; xnfhr&? transition effect
yHkpHjyK tjzpfom toHk;csEdkifonf/ ouf
qdkif&m format wpfck abmiftwGif;rS
om video output udk jyKvkyaf y;Edik jf cif;
jzpfonf/
wpfzef windows XP wGif Movie
Maker 2.0 udk xnfah y;vmjyefygonf/
Movie Maker 2.0 taejzifh xdu
k x
f u
kd f
wefwef toHk;csEdkifonfhtqihf &Sdae
aomfvnf; windows Me wGif yg0ifcJh
onfhtqihfrS plygrif;ac: ysHwuf
version

vdkuf,l&ouJhodkY toHk;jyKolrsm; cHpm;

Mu&onf/ odkYaomf Madonna \
Ray of Light aw;oGm;aemufcHESihf
twl ay:xGufvmonf/ Windows
Vista wGifrl Movie Maker 6.0 udk
xnfhay;vmcJhjyefygonf/ Windows
3.0, 4.0 ESihf 5.0 rsm; b,fqaD &mufomG ;
onfrod jzpfMu&onf/
18 WEB TV FOR WINDOWS
Windows version wpfck wpfck
xGufay:vmwdkif; feature topfwpfck
ck yg0ifvmpjrJ[k yDpDtoHk;jyKolwdkif;
vufcH em;vnfxm;Muonf/ Windows 98 wGir
f l ouf0ifxad &mufrI enf;
yg;aom Web TV qdkonfh feature udk
xnfhjzpfatmif xnfhay;vdkufonf/
Tuner card wpfckudk wyfqifjyD; ra&
r&m toHk;cscGihf jyKxm;cJhonf/ Intel
\ short-lived intercast service udk
jzwf web TV rS TV features rsm;udk
interactive jzpfapaomenf;jzifh cGihfjyK
ay;onf/ aES;auG;vSonfhtjyif stable vnf; rjzpfay/ screen savers
ESifh clash jzpfwwfonf/ wpfcgwpf&H
vnf y wf a e&if ; &yf w ef Y oG m ;wwf
onf/ rdrdyDpDtay: hackers orm;rsm;
tm; zdwfac:ay;aeonfhtvm; vHkjcHK
pdwfcs&rI uif;aom tajctaersm; &Sd
aeapcJhonf/

17 SHUT DOWN
yDpD toHk;jyKoltcsKdUonf windows tm; pwif&ef wif,lvdkufonf
ESifh toHk;jyKEdkifonfh tqihfa&muf
onftxd apmihpf m;ae&rItwGuf nnf;
wGm;ajymqdak vh &SMd uonf/ wu,fwrf;
rSmrl vkyfief;rsm;jyD;qHk; windows
MuD;tm; ydwf,lonfhtcg apmihfqdkif;&
onfh tcsdeu
f yd
k pdwyf sufp&m aumif;
vSonf/ odkYtwGuf Microsoft rS
Windows Vista wG i f r l shutting
down vkyf&rI ydk tqifajyvmapyg
vdrhfrnf[k tmrcHcsuf ay;vm&onf/
oHk;Munfhonfhtcg tmrcHcsufESihftnD
,cifu version rsm;xuf tcsdefukef
oufomvmrIudk awGU&onf/ odkYaomf
Windows session wpfckudk ydwf&ef
vkyfenf;vkyf[ef rwlawmhojzihf uod
uatmuf jzpfMu&jyefygonf/
16 PAINT
Paint ydk*&rfav;onf 1985 ck
Windows 1.0 version xkwfvkyf

ESpf
pOfuwnf;u wpdu
k rf wfrwf yg&Sv
d mcJh
aom ydk*&rfav; jzpfonf/ q,fpkESpf
ESpfckausmf jzwfoef;vmcJhjyD; jzpfaomf
vnf; rSwfavmufom;avmufonfh
tajymif;tvJ[l tenf;tusOf;om
awGUMu&onf/

azazmf0g&?D 2008

71

uGeyf sLwmtaxGaxG

Vista wGir
f l wu,f"h mwfyv
kH yk if ef;
ESihf qufET,ftoHk;jyKEdkifonfh features
rsm; yg&SdvmcJhonf/ if;udk windows
photo gallery [k ac:wGifxm;onf/
axmifpkESpful;vmonfhwdkif Paint ydk
*&rfav;udk rQ safe bet wpfcktjzpf
cHpm;cGihfrsKd; Microsoft rS ray;tyfcJh

aMumif; ajymEdkifrnf jzpfonf/

15 WINDOWS AERO
Microsoft taejzifh Windows
Vista tm; OS topfwpfcktjzpf xdk;
azmuf ausmfvmT ;&mwGif Aero user interface udk t"du aomhcsuw
f pfct
k jzpf

toHk;csum trTrf;wif&if; a&TMudKvkyfcJh

yg onf/ xdk;azmuf jrifawGUapaom
tmHkzrf;pm;rIrsKd;ay;aom feature jzpf
onf/
tcsKdU a0zef qef;ppfolrsm;url
Aero \ tm;omcsufESifh [mh'f0J jznfh
wif;&onfh tajctaeESihf rumrd[k
ajymqdkMuonf/ awmif;qdkxm;onfh
[mh'f0J rjynfhpHkygu Aero onf system udk qdkYydwfxm;ovdk jzpfapum
*&yfzpfpGrf;tm;udk avsmhenf;oGm;ap
onf[k ajymqdkMuonf/ awmif;cHrI
rjynfhpHkonfESifh rdrdtm; owif;ydkYjcif;
rjyKawmhbJ Aero interface udk ydwf
ypfvdkufwwfonf/

72

uGefysLwm*sme,f

14 ACTIVE DESKTOP
Active Desktop qdkonfrSm end
users awGtaejzifh ouf0if vIyf&Sm;rI

tjynfjh zihf cif;usif;jyorI jyKvkyEf ikd &f ef

tvdkYiSm Microsoft \ Internet Explorer-4 ESihftwl xnfhay;vdkufaom
Feature jzpfonf/ Internet Explorer
4.0 udk Windows 98 \ update tpdwf
tydkif;wpfcktjzpf yg0ifapcJhonf/ if;
onf if;udk,fwdkif auto-update vkyf
vsuf ae&m,lxm;onf/
Yahoo Widget Engine \
tajccHpw
d u
f ;l ESihf wpfxyfwnf;&So
d nf/
Apple \ Dashboard jzif h v nf ;
cyfqifqifwo
l nf/ ,ckrS ay:xGuv
f m
onfh Vista \ Gadgets rsm;jzifhyif
tajccH obm0 twlwjl zpfonf/ odYk &m
wGif if;wdkYaMumifh yDpDrsm; vkyfief;
aqmif&Guf&mwGif aES;auG;rI &Sdaeap
onfhtjyif tifwmeuf dialup connection rsKd;wGifvnf; aES;auG;oGm;ap
ygonf/ Active Desktop aMumifh
Windows vnfywfrIudk aES;auG;ap
aMumif; toHk;jyKolwdkif; od&Sd em;vnf
xm;jyD; jzpfMuonf/
13 WINDOWS XP SEARCH
,ckawmh Vista udk toHk;jyKcGihf&
aeMujyD jzpfonf/ yDpDtoHk;jyKolrsm;

taejzifh vGefcJhaom av;ESpfavmufu

wnf;u OS rSm yg&Sdvmonfh search
features ud k apmih f p m;cJ h M u&onf /
Windows XP Search onf IyfaxG;
jcif;? aES;auG;jcif; ponfwdkYuJhodkYaom
[efcsufrIrsm;aMumifh pdwfysufp&m
aumif;vSonf/ tqdkyg udptwGuf
toH;k jyKoltcsKdU rESpjf rdKUaMumif; od&cdS &hJ
onf[k Microsoft ukrPDrSyif 0efcH
ajymMum;cJ&h ygao;onf/ &SmazGaeaom
acG;uav;udkyif &GHrkef;vmMuonf/
Vista wGir
f l acG;uav; ryg&Sad wmhonfh
canine-free zone [kyif tom;ay;
azmfjycJhMu&onf/
12 THE MICROSOFT NETWORK
Windows 95 ESihftwl pwif yg&Sd
vmonfh MSN rl&if; version udk

rnfolrQ toHk;jyKcJhMuonfr[kwfay/
rdrdudk,fudk rdrdjyefvnf qef;ppfMunhf
onfhwdkif toHk;jyKrdjcif; r&SdaMumif;
awGU&ygvdrhfrnf/ Online service udk
windows 95 pwdkif interface wpfck
tjyif MSN 1.0 u o,fvmay;cJh
onf/ AOL acwfaumif;csdefu preweb tjzpf jrifawGU&jcif;jzpfonf/
odYk&mwGif if;onf tvdv
k kd od&EdS ikd f
jcif;r&Sday/ cyfusJusJ contents rsm;
&SdaejyD; connection speeds rSmvnf;
tvGew
f &m aES;auG;vSonf/ trsm;qH;k

uGeyf sLwmtaxGaxG
14.4 Kbps EIef;xm;om

&&Sdonf/ xdk
tcsed u
f yJOG ;D xGurf mS yif acwfaemufjyef
qJGaprnfh yHkpHrsKd;jzpfum Microsoft
tm; ISP wpfck taejzifhaomfvnf;
aumif;? web services jzefYcsrd I taejzihf
vnf;aumif; jyefvnf wDxGifEdkif&ef
wGef;tm;jyKcJhMu&onf/
11 WINDOWS EXPLORER
tu,f rsm; owd & aeOD ; rnf
qdyk gu Windows 95 rwdik rf u
D Windows \ File Manager udk jyef yHk
azmfMunhfrdygvdrhfrnf/ roHk;rdolrsm;yif
&Sdaumif;&SdEdkifygonf/ yHkpHwus &Sdaom
documents udk zGihfMunfh&mwGif filter
vkyfay;onfhtaejzifh wildcards rsm;
toH;k jyK&ef pGr;f tm;uJo
h Ykdaom file manager \ taumif;qHk; features tcsKdU
yif windows explorer wGif ryg&Scd ahJ y/
folder wpfcktwGif; filter rsm;\
pm&if;wpfckudk print xkwf&ef pGrf;&nf
rsK;d uJo
h Ykdaom tcsurf sm; Explorer wGif
vdt
k yfaeonf/ rMumcPqdo
k vdk third
party tultnDjzifh aqmif&Guf,l&
wwfonf/ Oyrmtm;jzifh VCOM \
power desk udk qJGoHk;,lMu&onf/
10 WINDOWS 95 USB
,cktcg USB r&Sad om b0udk arh

11
74

uGefysLwm*sme,f

aysmufaeMuavmufjyD jzpfonf/ 1997

ckESpfavmufu USB udk oHk;cGihf r&&ef
cufcJvSonf/
Windows 95 taejzif h USB
standard acwfOD;udk MudKqdkcJhonf/
Patch wpfckrSwpfqifh xnfhoGif;yHhydk;rI
udk windows 95 OSR 2.1 taejzifh
od&SdMuygvdrhfrnf/ xdkpOfu prf;oyf
toHk;jyKMuaomtcg jywfawmif; jywf
awmif; tajctaersKd;jzihfom vkyfudkif
aqmif&Gufay;aMumif; awGU&onf/
wpfcgwpf&H yDpv
D nfywfru
I ykd if twm;
tqD; jzpfoGm;apwwfonf/ OSR 2.1
aMumifh Windows 95 jzihf vnfywf
aom uGefysLwm &yfwefYoGm;aponfh
tjzpfrsKd;rsm;vnf; MuHKcJh&onf/
Windows 98 wGir
f l built-in USB
support xnfhoGif;vmonf/ odkYaomf
if ; onf v nf ; tH h M oavmuf z G , f
aumif;rGefrI r&SdEdkifcJhay/ Bill Gate
udk,fwdkif pifjrihfay:wGif USB scanner jzifh wyfqif prf;oyfjypOfrSmyif
toHk;jyKaom yDpD &yfwefYoGm;&ao;
onf/

WINDOWS GENUINE
ADVANTAGE
Microsoft onf pirates rsm;jzifh

wdkufcdkufae&ygovm;[k ar;cGef;xkwf
vmcJhonf&Sdaomf taotcsm &Sdae

10

aMumif; csufcsif;ajzMum;rdrnfrmS trSef

yif jzpfygonf/ odYk&mwGif WGA (Windows Genuine Advantage) onf piracy check tjrJwap vkyfay;aeum
OS copy [k rSwf,lygu nag notes
rsm;jzihf wusnfusnf vkyfaeygvdrhf
rnf/ xdkodkY nagging feature ygonfh
yxrqHk; version wGif security updates ESifh twloGif;xm;jyD; ckd;ul;acG
twGuf Windows \ w&m;0ifaumfyD
rsm; rSm;,Gi;f aejcif;twGuf ausmMf um;cJh
onf/
,aeYacwfydkif;wGifrl Firefox rS
wpfqifh Microsoft aqmhz0f u
J kd download vky,
f &l ef MudK;pm;jcif;onf rouf
rom jzpfMu&onf/ rnfodkYyifjzpfap
Microsoft rS WGA a&mif;csjcif;onf
toHk;jyKoltm; cdk;ul;acGudk 0,f,l
toHk;rjyKap&ef pDpOf xkwfvkyfjcif;om
jzpfonf[k ajymMum;cJhonf/
8 END TASK
ydk*&rfwpfck hangs jzpfoGm;vQif
Ctrl/Alt/Del wdkYudk wGJESdyfvdkufjcif;jzihf
Task Manager xGufay:vmonf/
xdt
k cg tqdyk g application udk ydw&f ef
twGuf End Task udk click vkyfay;
vdkuf&onf/ tu,f xdkodkY vkyf
aqmifonfhwdkif xl;jcm;rI r&Sdao;ygu
xyfumxyfum vkyfaqmifay;&onf/

uGeyf sLwmtaxGaxG

6
uHaumif;vQif tMudrfenf;enf;jzihf
jyD;oGm;rnfhoabm &Sdonf/
tb,faMumifh OS \ raorcsm
jzpfae&aom tqdkyg tajccHvuPm
toGit
f jyif jzpfae&onfukd twdtus
rod&aomaMumifh t&nftcsif;rrDouJh
odkY cHpm;Mu&onf/ wpfcsdefwnf; ay:
xGufvmaom Mac OS X \ tvm;
wl feature rSmrl vkyfudkif aqmif&Guf,l
wdkif; pdwfwdkif;us jzpfMu&onf/
7 USER ACCOUNT CONTROL
\ pdwful;&if;udk ajymqdk
jcif; r&SdcJhjcif;onf toHk;rusouJhodkY
jzpfomG ;&onf/ uGeyf sLwmonf pGeYf pm;
vkyfudkif&rnfh tajctaersKd; &SdcJhvQif
rdrdtwGuf ppfaq;csihfcsdef&ef tcGihf
tvrf; &&SdoGm;aponf/
vufawGUoabmt& rnfonfh
tcgwGifjzpfap UAC onf xl;xl;jcm;
jcm;yif tcsufjyay;ygonf/ alarming
screen ESihftwl aysmufoGm;jcif;rsKd;ESifh
pGefYpGefYpm;pm; vkyfudkif&rnfh tae
txm;&SdaMumif; cGihfawmif;csufudk
cryptic dialog box rS ar;jref;jcif;rsKd;
MuHKawGU&rnf/ odkYtwGuf Vista uJhodkY
aom version twGuf UAC udk ydk
pG r f ; pG r f ; wrH jyKvk y f v moih f o nf /
taMumif;rSm Vista rS rpGrf;aqmifEdkif
aom puft&nftaoG;twGuf rMum
UAC

76

uGefysLwm*sme,f

5
cP owday;csufrsm;ESifh jynfhESufae
rnf jzpfojzifh pdwt
f aESmiht
f ,Suf uif;
a0;ap&ef vdktyfaejcif;aMumifh jzpf
onf/
6 WINDOWS UPDATE
Windows XP twGuf software
patches rsm;jzifh csOf;uyf,l&onfh

tajctaetwGuf rnfolrqdk a0zef

ajymqdkp&m wpfyHkwpfyif &SdMuygvdrhf
rnf/ odkYaomf vlawmfawmfrsm;rsm;udk
ar;jref;pHkprf;Munfh&m a,bk,s tus
qHk; complaint onf Windows Update twGuf pop ups box jzifh em;yl
emqmvkyfjcif; jzpfaMumif; od&onf/
xdk dialog box wGif "I'll reboot
when I'm ready" [l a om trS w f
tom;jyK cvkwfwpfckvdkaeonf[kyif
MuHrMd uH&m ,lqrdygonf/ Vista qdyk gu
tqdkygudpt
wGuf tcsdef tawmfMum
ay;&ayawmhrnf/
5 MASSENGER SERVICE
tu,f aMumfjimwpfckudk Messenger Service [laom acgif;pOfyg
onfh windows av;wpfckjzihf yGihfvm
vQif rdrd system twGuf vHkjcHKrI r&SdEdkif
aom tajctaersm; &S d a eaMumif ;
oauFwtjzpf em;vnfxm;Mu&rnf/

tcsKd U aom aMumf j imorm;rsm;onf

tifwmeufrSwpfqifh tqdkyg service
udk toH;k csum information vTww
f ifrI
rsm; pwif&Sdaewwfygonf/ xdkodkY &Sd
vmygu Adik ;f &yfpw
f pfcak wmh ygvmjyD[k
odxm;vdkufoihfonf[laom today;
aMunmcsuf aqmif;yg;wpfyk'fudk Microsoft rS jzefYa0cJhonf/
Windows XP SP2 onf default
jzifh tqdkyg tjcif;t&mrsKd;udk cGihfrjyK
ay/ Vista qdkygu if;udk wpfcgwnf;
&Sif;xkwfypfay;onf/
4 NOTIFICATIONS
awmh jyKwfae
jyD"? ]]toHk;rjyKaom icons rsm;udk
desktop ay:rS od r f ; xm;ay;onf /
]ydk*&rfwpfckudk oGif;jyD;cgpyJ &Sdao;
onf} ponfjzifh Windows rS rdrdtm;
today;oihforQ tm;vHk;udk tpOf
rjywf owday;aevdrhfrnf/ tqdkyg
owday;csuf\ xdyfwGif abmvHk;
yHkoPmefav; yg&SdvmpjrJ jzpfonf/
&mEIef; awmfawmfrsm;rsm;onf
ra&r&m raorcsmEdkifvGef;aom message rsm; jzpfaewwfonf/ uGefysLwm
toH;k jyKol awmfawmfrsm;rsm;onf xdo
k Ykd
,lqum taMumif;rJh vkyfief; tysufcH
um tqdkyg message rsm;tay: pdwf
0ifwpm; xdk;azmufrMunhfwwfMuay/
"network cable

uGeyf sLwmtaxGaxG

3 INTERNET EXPLORER 6.0

dows Registry onf ta&;MuD;aom

configuration data &Sdaeonfh ae&m

1990 jynfEh pS f ESpv

f ,fyikd ;f avmuf
uwnf;u Microsoft onf browser
udpESihf ywfouf Netscape ESihf
wdkufcdkufvmcJh&onf/ 2001 ckESpfwGif
1E 6.0 udk xkwfvkyfay;vdkufonf/
xdktcsdefwGif if;\ rpf&Sif jyD;ajrmuf
aMumif; aMunmvdkufonf[k ,lq&
onf/ 1E onf ig;ESpw
f mumvtwGi;f
ajymif;vJoGm;cJhonf/ ,SOfjydKifbufrsm;
ay:xGef;vmonf/ Firefox qdkygu
vlMudKufrsm;vSonf/
wpfcsdefwnf;rSmyif 1E 6.0 \
vHkjcHKa&; ,dkaygufrsm;tay: twdkuf
tcdkufrsm; cH&onf/ tjrJwap patching vkyf,lMu&onf/ 2006 ckESpfwGifrl
1E 7.0 udk xyfxkwfay;onf/ passable upgrade wpfcktjzpf owfrSwfcJh
Muaomfvnf; taumif;qHk; browser
tjzpf rjrifMuawmhay/ if;udk vGefcJh
onfh ckESpfavmufuwnf;uom xkwf
cJhvQif ydkrdk tqifajyoGm;Edkifonf/

rsm;wGif tE&m,fjyKoGm;apEdkifonf/
Registry udk rvGJraoG back up
vkyfxm;Edkifonf/ Registry cleaning
utilities rsm;jzifh woo vkyfxm;Edkif
onf/ Registry udk tvGefYtvGef *k
pdkufum wnf;jzwf,lEdkifonf/ odkY&m
wGif rdrdtaejzifh if;udk z,fxkwf &Sif;
vif;&ef tcGihftvrf; r&Sday/

2 REGISTRY
tdk;t&Sif;qHk; t&mwdkif;onf
&Hzef&Hcg tMuD;tus,fqHk; jyemudk
ay;xm;wwfonf/ vQyfppfrD; jywf
awmufraI Mumifh Registry ysujf ym;oGm;
apEdkifonf/ ysufjym;oGm;aom Win-

78

uGefysLwm*sme,f

1 ACTIVE X CONTROLS
Windows 3.0 \ OLE (Object
Linking and Embed ding) acwfqo
D Ykd

jyefa&mufoGm;apaom enf;ynm jzpf

onf/ Active X onf yDpD toHk;jyKrI

rsm;tay: tusKd;oufa&mufrI ESpfck
jzpfay:aponf/ Active X jzifh run
xm;aom website rsm;udk toHk;jyKol
onf vHkjcHKrIudpr sm;udk pGefYpGefYpm;pm;
udk,fwdkif zGihf,lwwfonf/ Active
control rS tvdk&SdorQ aumif;aumif;
aqmif&u
G af y;Edik o
f nf/ Active X onf
Windows twGif;&Sd 1E twGif;om
run ,lEdkifonf/
Active X Controls rS &SdaeqJ
jzpfonf/ odkY&mwGif Windows Updates ESifh WGA uJhodkYaom >cif;csuf
rsm;ESifhtwl rodusKd;uRef jyKxm;cGifh
&Sdonf/
OD;aomif;0if; (yef;cs,&f )D

uGefysLwmtaxGaxG

tydik f;-5

vSywJh 'DZdkif;wcsKdU uRefawmf

vufwdkY Tef;vdkufygw,f/
wpfaeY Hk;vmvdkY PC udk
zGihfvdkuf&if window &JU wdrf
jzLjzL? azsmhazsmhMuD;udk jrif&r,f/
aemuf&uf vmawmhvnf; 'gudyk J
jrif & w,f / aemif t cgawG r S m
tJ ' gMuD ; ud k y J jrif & r,f q d k & if
uRefawmfawmh b,fvdkrS onf;
nnf;cHEdkifawmhrSm r[kwfbl;/
pdwfysufp&m jrifuGif; yHkwHk;wHk;
MuD;awGeJY uRefawmfwdkY uGefysL
wmorm;awG b,fESpf? b,f
umvtxd aygif;oif;aexdik &f OD;
rSmvJ/ uRefawmfuawmh yDpD&JU
interface udk 'DZdkif;rsKd;pHkeJY tvS
qifygw,f/ toHk;0ifwmawG
vnf;&Sd? tusKd;rJhwmawGvnf;
&SdeJY/ 'gayr,fh uRefawmfwdkYudk
t"du armif;ESifay;aewJh ]pdwf}?
tJ'gudak wmh t&rf;vef;qef;oGm;
apygw,f/ pdwfMunfMunfvif
vifeJY tvkyfvkyfcsifwJh uGefysL
wmorm;awGtwGuf qef;opf

80

uGefysLwm*sme,f

'gu uRefawmfwdkY&JU cspfvS

pGmaom Microsoft &JU search
tool udk tpm;xdk;zdkYyg/ pdf file
wpf c k u d k &S m cd k i f ; vd k u f w ,f /
t"dym,frJh '.jpg' zdkifawGawmh
tajzrxGufeJYav/ EdkYrdkYqdk&if
uGefysLwm[m bmrsm; toHk;0if
OD;rSmvJ/ PC rSm&SdaewJh Microsoft &JU search tool uawmh
vufzsm;cgavmufw,f/ tJovdk
wvJt
G &nftcsi;f awGeUJ jynf0h jyD;
rw&m; aES ; auG ; vG e f ; w,f /
Google desktop udk MudK;pm;
Munfh/ 1.75 MB yJ &Sdw,f/
Web style wnf a qmuf x m;
wm/ http://desktop.google.
com uae tvG,w
f ulukd &Edik f
w,f/ Install vkyf&wmvnf;
jrefrSjref? oHk;&wmvnf; odyf
vG,fw,f/ pdf file udk &SmazGyg
qdk&if PC u &Sd&SdorQ pdf file
type rSeforQudk ]'guawmh b,f
vdk pdf yg/ 'gudkawmh b,f
tcsdefrSm zefwD;cJhw,f} pwJh description awGeJYudk awGU&rSmyg/
jyD;awmh web style qdkwm[m
internet udk ruRrf;usifao;wJh
uGefysLwmorm;wpfa,muftzdkY
offline oH k ; oih f w J h yd k * &rf

wpf c k / bmjzpf v d k Y vJ q d k a wmh

tifwmeufxrJ mS &SmazG arTaESmuf
jyD q d k & if 'search engine' qd k
wmu cke 'desktop search' yJ
av/ tifwmeufay:rSm &SmazG
wmeJY udk,fh PC xJrSm &SmazGwm
'gyJ uGmjcm;w,f/ 'gaMumifh
internet eJY odyf r,Ofyg;ao;wJh
user awG tawGUtMuHK &SmMunfh
oihfwJh software av;? 'gu
erl e m tool uav;wpf c k u d k y J
ajymwm wjcm;yg0ifwJh vkyfief;
pOfawG? em&DtcsdefawG? calendar
awGeJY rdk;av0o pwmawGu
trsm;MuD;&,f/ wcsKdUuvnf;
online access &SdrS &Edkifr,fh tool
awGeJY aygif;pyfxm;wJh ydk*&rf
i,fav;? 'gav;udk oHk;jyD;&if
microsoft &J U search tool
rSm&SdwJh acG;uav; rsufESmi,fae
&SmrSmawmh jrifa,mifrdygao;
Asm/

Rocket dock uawmh

desktop rS m side bar wpf c k

taeeJY aygif;pyfzdkY wnfaqmuf

ay;xm;ygw,f/ Program wpfck
qdkwmxuf window plug-ins
wpfckvdkY ajym&&if ydkjyD; oihfawmf
rS m yg/ My Computer, My
Document, Recycle Bin
tp&SdwJh tools awG yg0if j yD ;
desktop wpfckvHk;rSm&SdwJh icon

uGefysLwmtaxGaxG
rSeforQudk z,fypfjyD; 'gav; install vkyfxm;HkeJYudk tjrif&Sif;
vif;jyD; pdwfMunfvifoGm;ap
rSmyg/ 6.19 MB yJ &SdjyD; tcrJh
&Ed k i f w J h program ti,f p m;
av;ud k filehippo uae
aemufqHk;ay: version topfudk
&&SdEdkifygw,f/ IyfaxG;wJh icon
awG? rsufpdaemufzdkYaumif; wJh
shortcuts awG a Mumif h pd w f
npf n L;aeol t wG u f txl ;
oihfawmfr,fvdkY ,lqrdygw,f/

ject dock [m customize 'DZdkif;

rsKd;pHk yg0ifygw,f/ Setting xJ

uae vdt
k yfovdk 'DZdkif;tqef;
awGeJY jyKjyifajymif;vJjyD; wpfaeY
wpfaeY uGefysLwma&SU xdkif&vGef;
vdkY IyfaxG;aemufusdaewJh pdwf
tpOfudk vef;qef;apygvdrhfr,f/
rvdktyfyJ rsm;jym;aewJh desktop
ay:u trIdufawGudk wpfenf;
wpfvrf; z,fxw
k af y;vdu
k jf yD;wJh
tcsdefrSm vkyfief;udk wufwuf
<u<u aqmif&GufEdkifzdkY cGeftm;
opfawG wd;k yGm;aprSm taotcsm
ygyJ/

Object Dock uvnf ;

Rocket dock eJY qifwlayr,fh
Object Dock u yd k o mvG e f
aumif ; rG e f w J h t csuf u programming error enf ; yg;yg
w,f/ Rocket dock rSm icon

wpfcu
k kd a,mif,rf;jyD; z,fxw
k f
vdkufwJhtcgrSm tpm;jyefr&Edkif
awmhayr,fh object dock u
awmh library uaewpfqihf icon
tpm;jyef a y;ygw,f / rawmf
wq z,f,rf;ypfvu
kd jf cif; rjzpf
&avatmifvnf; ydwfyifxm;vdkY
&ygw,f / 12.05 MB &S d j yD ;
filehippo uae &,lEdkifwJh ob-

Alienware &JU t"dutpdwf

tydkif;ESpfckjzpfwJh build tracker
eJY Digital clock rSm tcef;oHk;ck

yg0ifygw,f/ Media player,

windows eJY aqmhzf0J viewer
wdkYyg/ vli,fwdkif; oabmusjyD;
vlMuD;ydkif;awG tjrifuwfMuwJh
'themes' wpfckvdkYawmif ajymqdk
Edkifygw,f/ trSefwu,fwrf;
ajym&&if window rSm Alienware r&SdvdkY bmrQ rjzpfygbl;/
'gayr,fh dk;pif;aewJh desktop
interface eJY windows yHkpH cyf
wH k ; wH k ; MuD ; awG u d k Mud w f r S d w f
pdwf"mwfusaeolawGtzdkYawmh
xGufaygufuav;wpfck jzpfap
rS m aocsmygw,f / 'gh t jyif
vli,f uGefysLwmorm;awG &,l
oifw
h t
hJ csufu 'D alienware udk
softpedia eJY rdcif home-page
rSmawmh tcrJh download ay;
tyfxm;ygw,f/ (crack jznfh
xm;wJh Alienware awGudkawmh
pD'DqdkifawGrSm &Edkifygw,f/) Install vkyfjyD; prf;oyfwJhtcgrSm
'themes' wpfckudk vlpdwf0ifpm;
atmif b,fvdk zefwD;rvJqdkwJh
oabmw&m; wpfckudk Alienware udk install vkyfjyD;wmeJY &&Sd
oGm;Edkifovdk jiD;aiGU qla0aewJh
tvkyfavSmiftdrfMuD;xJrSm pdwf
tyef;ajzp&m upm;enf;uav;
wpfckudk &&SdovdkrsKd; &&Sdapyg
w,f / rMud K uf v d k Y uninstall
jyefvyk w
f t
hJ cgrSmvnf; tifrwef
vG,fuljyD; b,fvdk 'kuawGudkrS
ray;tyfygbl;/

jiD;aiGU ysif;&dp&maumif;wJh
PC desktop yH k w H k ; MuD ; awG u d k
ajymif ; vJ y pf z d k Y twG u f tcrJ h

azazmf0g&?D 2008

81

uGefysLwmtaxGaxG
wpfu,
kd af & oH;k pGEJ ikd w
f hJ style XP
[m softpedia rSm shareware
taeeJY&&SEd ikd yf gw,f/ Microsoft
&JU visual style awGrSm built-in
oHk;pGJEdkifjyD; PC udk tvStyqHk;
wefqmqifay;wJh ae&mrSm cursor, screen-savers, icons awGeYJ
wjcm; ra&rwGufEdkifwJh themes
awG yg0ifygw,f/ System tray
xJrSm ae&m,ljyD; tvkyfvkyfay;
rSmjzpfvdkY desk-bar rSm tjrif

I y f a xG ; rI a wG v nf ; awG U &rS m
r[kwfygbl;/ User [m LCD
screen r&Sdbl;qdk&ifawmifrS PC
&JU screen udk LCD 'DZdkif;rsKd;
jzpf a y:vmatmif u d k zef w D ;
jyKjyifay;Edkifygw,f/ tu,f
vista VG eJYom wJGzuf oHk;pGJEdkif
r,fqdk&if tvGefaumif;rGefwJh
screen tjrifudk &&SdrSmjzpfjyD;
vista OS ud k install rvk y f
xm;bJeYJ vista style folder icon
awG u d k ae&mcsxm;vd k Y &Ed k i f
ygw,f/ Window XP twGuf
18.5 MB &SdwJh style XP [m
oHk;pGJMunfhrSom tvGefvSywJh
pwdkifrsKd; &&Sdygovm; qdkwmudk
vufawGU ajymjyEdkifygvdrfhr,f/

82

uGefysLwm*sme,f

http://widgets.yahoo
.com uae tcrJh download
&,lEdkifwJh yahoo &JU widget
uav;awG[mvnf; desktop udk

tvSqifvdkY tifrwefrS tqif

ajywmudk awGU&ygw,f/ 10.5
MB &SdwJh ydk*&rfi,fav;udk
desktop rSm&SdwJh shortcut icon
eJY my computer, MP3 player,
tm;upm;owif;awG MunfhIEdkif
wJh player, rdk;av0o &moDOwk?
em&D 'DZdkif;rsKd;pHk? mail checker,
game awG? system utilities
awG? *DwoHrsKd;pHk vTwx
f w
k Ef ikd w
f hJ
tools awG? search tools awGeJY
application ti,fpm;av;awG?
tdk pHkrSpHk/ t&ifqHk;taeeJY yahoo
widget installer udk download
&,l&ygr,f/ 'http://widgets.
yahoo .com/win' rSm window
OS awGtwGuf tcrJh installer
&,l y g/ User guide yg&S d y g
w,f/ XP service pack 2 qd&k if
taumif;qHk; run Edkifygw,f/
10.7 MB &Sjd yD; system ae&m,lrI
17.0 MB avmuf&SdwJh widget
av;ud k install vk y f M unf h &

atmif/ Yahoo toolbar wpfckudk

vufaqmif xnfhoGif;ay;xm;
jyD; browser rSm plug-in taeeJY
Run apygw,f/ Widget rS m
online eJY csdwfqufzdkYtwGuf
notepad eJY calendar yg&SdjyD;
t&if desktop ta[mif;udk Esc
key eJY tjyeftvSef ul;ajymif;
aevd k Y & ygw,f / Desktop &J U
vGwfwJhae&mrSm Right Click
arrange icons by> show
Desktop Icons trS e f j cpf u d k

azsmufMunhfvdkufyg/ udk,fvdkcsif
wJh pdwfMudKuf widget udk My
Documents xJu My widgets
rSm oGm;jyD; click ESdyfvdkY &yg
w,f/ (yHkudk Munfhyg/) Internet
pdwfcsxm;wJh PC wpfvHk;twGuf
taumif;qHk; tool av;awGudk
pkpnf;ay;xm;wmudk awGU&yg
vdrhfr,f/
Drivers tools
Driver qdw
k hJ ]]t"du armif;
ESifol}} oabmw&m; twdkif;
ygyJ/ Internet MunfhwJh tcgrSmyJ
jzpfjzpf? connection r&SdwJh PC
wpfvHk;rSmyJ jzpfjzpf? Driver file
awG[m txdu
k t
f avsmuf vdt
k yf
ygw,f/ Driver zdkifawG r&SdwJh
tcgrSm internet MunfhwJhtcgrSm
'missing plug-in' (Image)

qdkwmrsKd;awG jyoay;wwfjyD;
omref PC wpfvHk;twGufawmh
tcsKdU aqmhzf0JawGudk install
vk y f v d k Y r &wJ h tajctaetxd
jzpfomG ;Edik yf gw,f/ tMudKufq;kH eJY
&,lxm;&r,fh driver tools awG
xJu tvdktyfqHk;awG a&G;xkwf
xm;ygw,f/

uGefysLwmtaxGaxG

uk d software
wpfckvdkY wdwdusus ajymqdkzdkYu
tawmf t cuf t cJ &S d y gw,f /
Direct X

Application programming Interface (API) wpf c k j zpf j yD ;

graphic design awG jyKvkyfwJh

tcgrSm jzpfjzpf? MunfhIwJh tcg

rSmyJjzpfjzpf? audio, video pwJh
tquftET,f awGeJY Multimedia bufjcrf; tawmfrsm;rsm;rSm
oHk;pGJzdkY vdktyfwJh aemufcH supporting type wpfck jzpfygw,f/
Media zdkifwpfck[m orm;dk;us
zGifhdk;zGihfpOfrSm omref pGrf;&nf
rsKd;yJ &SdrSmjzpfayr,fh Direct X
&,lxm;wJhtcgrSm kyfyHkawG[m
ydkjyD; xif&Sm;vmr,f/ toHzdkif
awG[m ydkjyD; Munfvif jywf
om;vmEdik rf ,f pwJh t&nftcsi;f
awG &Sw
d t
hJ wGuf em;vnf wwf
uRrf;wJh user awG[m Direct X
udk aemufqHk;ay: version udk
install vkyfxm;wwfMuygw,f/
,ck tcsdefrSm Direct X [m
trSwf 10 udk a&muf&Sdaeayr,fh
,ck 9.0 udkyJ &,lxm;jyD; oHk;pGJ
r,fqkd&ifawmif tqifajyyg
w,f/ Internet csdwq
f ufxm;wJh
PC awGuawmh Direct X udk
rvGJraoG ,lxm;&r,f/ Online
ay:rSm&SdwJh wcsKdU **sD*a*smif
webpage awG[m txl;ojzihf
video, audio eJY ywfoufwJh
web awG (you tube, face
book) pwmawG[m DirectX
r&Sd&if tvkyf rvkyfwwfygbl;/
File-hippo rSm &SdaewJh ydk*&rf
udk tvG,w
f uleYJ install vkyEf ikd f

ygw,f/ jyD;&if control panel>

directX 'grS r[kwf C: atmuf
rSm &SdaewJh windows awGuae
wpfqihf tvG,fwul remove
vk y f j yD ; z,f & S m ;Ed k i f y gw,f /
'gayr,fh z,f&Sm;zdkYudk rwdkuf
wGe;f csifbJ version topf xyfrH
install vkyfwm[m taumif;qHk;
ygyJ/ bmjzpfvdkYvJqdkawmh tck
csed rf mS search engine awGupvdYk
3D urmqDudk 0ifa&mufjyD; kyfyHk
wpfckudk taumif;qHk; dimension awGeJY yHkazmfzdkY pdkif;jyif;
ajcvSrf;aejyDjzpfwJhtwGuf yDpDrSm
aemufqHk;ay: Direct X update
udk &&Sdxm;wm[m taumif;qHk;
pdwfcsrf;omp&m &v'fawGudk
awGU&Sd&rSm taotcsmygyJ/

w,f/ ukrPDrsKd;pHkuae xkwf

vkyfMuwmqdkawmh wpfckeJY wpfck
[m zJGUpnf;yHkcsif;a&m? trSm; jzpf
ay:yHkcsif;a&m rwlnDMuygbl;/
.Net framework [m AMD
board eJY comfortable rjzpfyg
bl;/ Microsoft xkwu
f ek af wGukd
taxmuftyHh jyKay;jyD ; programming bmom&yf u d k
avhvmvdkufpm;Mur,fh PC wdkif;
twGuf essential component
wpfck jzpfygw,f/ Programmer
orm; r[kwfvdkY .Net framework udk xnfhoGif;rxm;csifbl;
qd k w m[m a,bk , stm;jzih f
awmh obm0usygw,f / 'g
ayr,fh t"du vdktyfaewJh software wcsKdU? Oyrm Microsoft
&JU application awG[m (.Net)
framework udk tjyif;xefqHk;
awmif ; qd k w wf y gw,f / tJ ' D
twGuf user [m windows udyk J
wifjyD; office udk roH;k pGb
J J aevdYk
&ygw,f / 'gayr,f h power
point udkyJ standalone aqmhzf0J
wpfcktaeeJY oHk;pGJcsifjyDqdk&if
awmh .Net framework udk rjzpf
rae install vkyaf y;&ygvdrrfh ,f/
tckvuf&SdrSm version 3.0 udk
jyem? tcuftcJ wpfpw
kH &m
rawGUbJ filehippo uae &,l install vkyo
f ihyf gw,f/ Programming udk pdwf0ifpm;wJh vli,f

wpfcgwpf&HrSm Motherem;vnf&cufyg

board awG[m

azazmf0g&?D 2008

83

uGefysLwmtaxGaxG
awG twGufawmh avhvmcsifwJh
VB.Net udk armif;ESifzdkY uefYvefY
um aemufuG,fuae tvkyf
vkyfay;wJh .Net udk &,lxm;
&r,fqdkwm t&dyft>rufawmh
od&SdMurSmyg/ 50.33 MB &SdwJh
componment [m 'kuay;r,fh
apps wpf c k r[k w f w mawmh
taotcsmygyJ/

Chatting web site wpfcu

k kd
&SmazG&vmvdkY 0rf;omtm;& 0if
chat vdu
k rf ,fvYkd MudK;pm;wJt
h cg
rSm 'you need java run time'
'grS r [k w f 'install missing
plugin' qd k w J h pmom;rsKd ; ud k
MuHKawGU&zl;ygvdrrfh ,f/ chat site
awGudk zefwD;wJhtcgrSm flash,
php pwJh language rsKd;pHkeJY zef
wD;cJMh uygw,f/ Java eJY zefw;D cJh
MuwJh chat site awG[m .chat
time line &JU ESpv
f ,favmufrSm
ay:xG e f ; cJ h j yD ; tck t csd e f t xd
wcsKdUae&mrSm toHk;jyKaeMuqJ
ygyJ/ (Oyrmtm;jzifh ajym&&if
www. cupidbay.com eJY jrefrm
site wpfckjzpfwJh www.yamc
.info &JU channel wcsKdUaygh)
tJ'DtcgrSm JVR qdkwJh Driver
[m rjzpfrae &,lxm;&ygawmh
r,f/ JVR udk download, installed time jyD;wJt
h csderf mS control panel rSm MunfhIwJhtcg
Java icon av;udk awGU&ygr,f/
tJ'g[m 13.89 MB om &Sday
r,fh system udk ulnDyHhydk;aewJh

84

uGefysLwm*sme,f

Memory speed 256 MB

driver uav;wpfcy
k g/ vdck sifwhJ
software wpfcu
k kd install vkyw
f hJ
tcgrSm system u cGirfh jyKwmwdYk?
website wpfcu
k kd wjcm; vlawGeYJ

wlwlwefwef rMunfhIEdkifwmwdkY
awG[m JVR &JU taxmuftyHh
r&,lxm;vdkYyJjzpfygw,f/ Multimedia device wdkif;vdkvdk[m
olwYkd &UJ zJUG pnf;yHu
k kd ydrk kd awmufy
apzdkY pDrHcefYcGJay;jyD; armif;ESif
xdef;ausmif;ay;aewJh utility
av; wpfckyJ jzpfygw,f/

t"du vdktyfwmrsKd;awmh
r[k w f b l ; / 'gayr,f h Extra
taeeJY zG,fzG,f&m&mav;awGudk
tjynf h t pH k yg0if c sif & if a wmh
axGvDumvD aqmhzf0Jav;awG
&Sdaeygw,f/ Oyrm udk,fhtdrfukd
internet uae Munfhr,f/ 3D
tdrfyHkpHav;awG qJGr,f/ VCD
zdkifawGudk MP3 xJ xnfhr,f/
blog awG a&;r,f/ owif;awG
,lr,f/ Gmail udv
k nf; pDrcH efYcGJ
r,f/ tJ'DvdkrsKd; amazing tool
av;awGaygh/

atmuf&SdwJh user awG twGuf

awmh urmMuD;[m vGrf;p&mMuD;
jzpfaer,f xifygw,f/ Google
Earth [m 20MB &SdwJh aqmhzf0J
i,fav; jzpfayr,fh wnfaqmuf
xm;wJh yHkoPmefawGt&a&m?
taxmuftyHh jyKay;aewJh services awGt&a&mqdk&if 512 MB
rSom oHk;pGJzdkY tqifajyEdkifygvdrhf
r,f/ yxrqHk; xGufay:vmwJh
google Maps [m tcrJh oHk;pGJ
cGihf ay;cJhjyD;aejyD/ Earth udkawmh
trail rQom ay;tyf c J h a yr,f h
tvG e f o abmuswJ h t wG u f
uGeyf sLwmorm; wdik ;f vdv
k &kd UJ PC
awG x J r S m wck w f w & install
vkyfxm;Mu&ygw,f/ Install
vkyfjyD;wmeJY wpfjydKifeuf udk,fh&JU
desktop uaewpfqihf oHk;zuf
jrif yHk&dyfawGeJY urmMuD;wpfckvHk;
udk vSnhfywfMunfhIEdkifrSmyg/
tmumo,mOfawGay:rSm vdkuf
yg pD;eif;&if; &&SdwJh cHpm;rIvdkrsKd;?
'grSr[kwf plygrif;&JU 0wfpHk iSm;
0wfjyD; urmwpfckvHk;udk tay:
pD ; uae quf q H & wmavmuf
auseyfp&maumif;wJh t&mrsKd;

uGefysLwmtaxGaxG
&S d r ,f r xif y g/ ud k , f h & J U td r f
vdyfpm dkufxnhf? jrdKUemrnf?
EdkifiHemrnf dkufxnfhjyD;wmeJY
zoom eJYom qGJMunfhvdkufprf;?
udk,fhtdrfuav;eJY udk,fh ywf0ef;
usifav;&JU taetxm;awGudk
j*dK[fwkuae dkufxm;wJh "mwfyHk
awGeJYtwl cHpm;MunfhEdkifrSmyg/
Beta version yJ &Sdao;wJh 'D
aqmh z f 0 J a v;[m xG u f a yguf
aysmufjyD; wpfaeYwpfaeY uGefysL
wmeJY tvkyfrSmyJ tcsdefukefae&
wJh vlawGtwGufawmh tvGef
wefzdk;&SdvGef;ygw,f/ pdwt
f yef;
ajzp&m upm;enf; topfuav;
wpfrsKd;vdkayghAsm/

awGeJY taqmuf
ttH k a wG e J Y ywf o uf a e&wJ h
tif * sif e D , m avmurS m awmh
Auto CAD [m odyfudk emrnf
MuD;ygw,f/ tJ'Dvdk system usage uvnf; odyu
f kd rsm;jym;vGe;f
ygw,f/ 2005 version udk install vkyfwmawmifrS pepf[m
0yfqif;oGm;jyD; program ESpfck
avmufudk tabbing oHk;vdkY r&
Edkifavmufatmiftxd jzpfwwf
ygw,f/ Google sketch up udk
prf;oyf oHk;Munfhyg/ 30 MB
rjynfhwJh aqmhzf0Jav;[m 384
MB om&SdwJh PC RAM ay:rSm
acsmacsmarGUarGUudk tvkyfvkyfEdkif
ygw,f / taqmuf t tH k a wG ?
wdkufwmtdrfyHkpHawGeJY tao;pm;
vufrv
I yk if ef;awGtwGuf yef;uef
cG u f a ,muf 'D Z d k i f ; rsKd ; awG u d k
model xkwfwJhae&m tvGefYudk
2D, 3D

command ay;ygw,f/ vdc

k sifwhJ
text wpfcu
k ykd J a&G;cs,fjyD; ajymif;

toHk;wnfhygw,f/ wu,fvdkY
roHk;wwf&ifvnf; uRrf ; usif
atmif oifMum;ay;EdkifwJh user
manual yg&Sdygw,f/ Photoshop udk ,SOw
f w
k hJ picasa vdrk sKd;?
Auto CAD udk ,SOjf ydKifzYkd twGuf
Google uae wDxGifcJhwm jzpf
ayr,fh MuD;rm;wJh vkyaf qmifcsuf
awGawmh ryg0ifao;ygbl;/ 3D
&JU t"du tajccHjzpfwJh X, Y, Z
0ifdk;awG&JU structure udkawmh
tvG,fwul aMunuf od&Sdap
EdkifrSm jzpfygw,f/

PC &JU start>Run uae

notepad vdkY dkufxnfhvdkufwJh
tcg XP eJYtwl yg0ifvmwJh
notepad version ta[mif;av;

udk &ygw,f/ ESpfaygif;rsm;pGm

oH;k pGw
J m Mumjrihaf ejyDjzpfwhJ program i,fav;[m t"du csKdU
,Gif;csufwpfck &Sdygw,f/ txJ
rSm dkufxm;wJh message awGxJ
rSm udk,fvdkcsifwJh text pmom;
wcsKdU&JU font udk ajymif;ypfcsifvdkY
option uae ajymif;vJypfvdkuf
wJhtcg message wpfckvHk;udk
font size ajymif;vJypfvdkufzdkY

vJ jyKjyifvdkufvdkY r&ygbl;/ tJ'D

vdkrsKd; Microsoft &JU word pad
ae&mrSm notepad udk oHk;&wmyJ
MudKufw,f/ olYvyk af qmifEikd pf rG ;f
xufvnf; enf;enf; ydkvdkcsif
w,fqdkwJh vlawGtwGufawmh
Notepad ++ ud k download
&,lEdkifygw,f/ Basic document awGeYJ HTML wnf;jzwfrI
vkyfief;awGudk udkifwG,fay;Edkif
wJ h tcrJ h text editor tool

uav;wpfckudk 1.53 MB eJY

filehippo softpedia rSm tcrJh
&Edik yf gw,f/ (tJwu,fvYkd Run
rSm command ay;r,fq&kd ifawmh
Start>Run>notepad++ vd k Y
dkuf&rSmyg/)

tdrfrSm uGefysLwmawmh &Sd

w,f/ Internet r&Sdbl;/ tifwm
eufudk ydkufqHay;jyD; oHk;pGJ&wm
uvnf; cyber cafe a&mufwJh
tcgrSm pmdkufae&wmeJY tcsdef
ukefwmyJ/ jzpfcsifwmu blogger? jzpfaewmu pmpDorm;?

azazmf0g&?D 2008

85

uGefysLwmtaxGaxG
jzpf j yD ; browser
twGufqdk&if download time
ud k yd k j ref q ef a pwJ h add-ons
wpfcktaeeJY Firefox rSm aygif;
pyfay;Edik yf gw,f/ install vkypf Of
rSm 2.52 MB &SdwJh software
av;[m Easy to use tjynfh
&SdcJhjyD; bmompum;av;rsKd;eJY
oHk;pGJEdkifaMumif; odcJh&ygw,f/
Ftp ud k txl ; taxmuf t ul
jyKjyD; ausmif;om;awGtwGuf
tifwmeufu pmtkypf mwrf;awG
udk qGJ,lcsifwJhtcgrsKd;awGrSm
tvGew
f efz;kd &Sw
d mudk awGU&rSmyg/
software

tJ'DvdkrsKd; wzGzG nnf;nLae

wwfwJh vli,fawGudkawmh coffee up blogging software

av;udk Tef;qdkcsifw,f/ tdrfrSm

&SdwJh PC rSm tqifoihfdkufjyD;
'html' file awG &&SdvmwJhtcgrSm
cyber cafe rS m copy paste
vkyfvdkufHkeJYudk tqifajyapyg
w,f / Blog awG u d k offline
a&;om;zdkYtwGuf zefwD;ay;xm;
wJh ydk*&rfi,fav;[m 17.91
MB yJ &SdjyD; kyfyHkawG? oDcsif;
zdkifawGeJY movie zdkifawGu tp
aygif;xnfhEdkifjyD; tqifhjrihfwJh
jyu'defwpfck yg&SdwJh tjyif blog
a&;om;wJh vli,f vufoifawG
udk Tefjyxm;wJh sample file
wcsKdU yg0ifygao;w,f/ tvGef
aumif;rGefjyD; dk;&Sif;vG,fulwJh
aqmhz0f aJ v;udk tcrJh vdck sifw,f
qd k & if a wmh softpedia ud k
ta&muf o G m ;jyD ; download
&,lzdkY vdkygvdrhfr,f/

awGudk support vkyfEdkif

ayr,fh speed udkawmh xdef;csKyf
xm;ygw,f/ 4 GB xuf MuD;rm;
wJh file rsKd;awGupvdkY pdwfwdkif;
us &,l Edkifr,fvdkY tqdk&SdwJh
filezilla [m filehippo.com rSm
tcrJh &Edkifygw,f/
proxy

wpf c k u d k pm
rsufESm wpfckvHk;tjynfh print
screen zrf;,lcsifw,f qdk&if
awmh www.screen-grab.org rSm
Webpage

Filezilla [m ESpfrsKd; oHk;pGJ

vd k Y &ygw,f / Stand-alone
taeeJYqdk&if file transfering

86

uGefysLwm*sme,f

&SdaewJh screengrab add-ons

av;udk browser rSm aygif;xnfh
ay;&ygvdrhfr,f/ omref addons awG aygif;xnfhwJh pwdkif
xHk;pHtwdkif; install vkyf restart
csjyD;wmeJY browser &JU status
bar rSm screen grab &JU logo
uav; ay:aeygvdrrfh ,f/ Click
wpfcsuf ESdyfvdkufwmeJY options
udk &&Syd gvdrrfh ,f/ 'save eJY copy'
qdkjyD; t"du function ESpfck
cJGay;xm;ygw,f/ Save qdkwm
web page wpf c k v H k ; ud k 'the
whole print screen' zrf;,lwJh
tcgrSm '.png' format eJY screengrab u owf r S w f j yD ; zrf ; ,l
ay;ygw,f/ Copy rSm uawmh
user pdwfMudKuf (.gif) (.jpg)
(.tip) pwJh format rsKd;pHkawGeJY
odrf;qnf;vdkY &Edkifapygw,f/
tvGef tzdk;wefwJh 400 kb yJ&w
dS hJ
tool/add-ons uav;wpfckudk
firefox browser rSm aygif;pyf
xm;Edkifygw,f/

rwl n D w J h file
awGudk pkpnf;jyD; convert jyef
vnf vkyfaqmifEdkifwJh software
awG[m pdwf0ifpm;zdkY aumif;yg
Format

uGefysLwmtaxGaxG
av; wpfckvdk cspfp&m
aumif ; wJ h MP3 WAV converter plus [m 2.75 MB yJ
&SdjyD; trial ay;tyfxm;wJh software av;wpf c k y g/ Win 95
uae XP txd tvG,fwul
oHk;pGJEdkifjyD; Encoding vkyfxm;
wJh file awGudk Decoding jyef
vnf vkyfaqmif&mrSm tqifajy
ygw,f / http://www.mp3converter.com xJ r S m qd k & if
tcrJheJY shareware ay;xm;wJh
MP3 converter awG trsm;
tjym; &SdaejyD; softpedia uae
wpfqihfvnf; &SmazG download
csjyD; prf;oyfMunfhEdkifygw,f/
player

w,f/ tck 4U MPEG converter aqmhzf0Juvnf; 'DyHkpH

twdkif;ygyJ/ t&G,fi,fayr,fh
tpGrf;xufvSwJh tool awGu
'AVI' udk txl; axmufyHhxm;jyD;
AVI uae VCD, DVD, MP3,
MWV pwJ h format awG u d k
jyefvnf ajymif;ypfEdkifpGrf; &Sdyg
w,f/ toihftwifh em;vnfEdkif
pG r f ; &S d w J h PC orm;awG t zd k Y
avhvm pl;prf;MunfhapcsifwJh
software uav;wpf c k jzpf
ayr,fh processor udk awmif;qdk
xm;wmuawmh Intel odkYr[kwf
AMD udk dual-core processor
rSom jzpfEdkifr,fvdkY qdkygw,f/
h t t p : / / w w w. a v i - m p e g counter.net rSm tcrJh download &Edkifygw,f/ softpedia
rSmvnf; trail &Edik yf gw,f/ 11.0
MB &Sdygw,f/

Firefox rS m awmh feed

awGudk &,lzdkY live feed control
avi, mov, mpeg pwJh file
awG u d k MP3 format ud k
jyefajymif;ypfEikd w
f hJ software awG

uawmh trsm;tjym; &Sdygw,f/

rS m tcrJ h convert
vkyfay;wJh web site awGawmifrS
&Sdao;w,f/ tJ'DtxJurS &Sif;
vif;wJh tool awGeJY vufudkif
Online

wpf c k yg&S d y gw,f / tJ ' grS

pdww
f ikd ;f rusbJ rauseyfao;&if
ur m tES H Y E S H Y r S m jzpf y suf a ewJ h
owif;awG? jzpf&yfawGudk puefY
rvyf &,l E d k i f z d k Y t wG u f q d k & if
tcrJh&wJh feed demon av;udk
softpedia uae download
&,lMunhfprf;yg/ 700 KB om
&Sdayr,fh r,HkMunfEdkifavmuf

atmif wefzdk;jrihfrm;wJh ydk*&rf

av; wpfckjzpfygw,f/ browser
&JU sidebar rSm aygif;xnfhay;yg
vdrhfr,f/ pdwfMudKuf customize
vkyfaqmifEdkifzdkY tool awG tpHk
tvif yg0ifjyD; softpedia uae
wpf q if h download csjyD ;
internet csdwfqufxm;wJh yDpDrSm
ol r sm;awG aemuf r S m acwf
aemufus usefraeapzdkY &,l
xm;vdkuf&atmifvm;/

Firefox ay:rSm xyfrHaygif;

pyf z d k Y twG u f McAfee uae
tcrJh ay;tyfvdkufwJh add-ons
wpfckyg/ add-ons qdkayr,fh
anti-spyware vkyfwJh wcsKdU cyf
nHhnHh software awGxuf trsm;
MuD; pdwfcs&jyD; b,fvdk engine
rSmyJjzpfjzpf search vkyfaqmif
wJt
h cgrSmoH;k pGEJ ikd yf gw,f/ Website wpfck[m tppftrSef [kwf?

r[kwf trSefwu,f ,HkMunf

pdwfcs&rI &Sdr&Sdqdkwmudk icon
oHk;ckeJY cGJjcm;jyoygw,f/
[m rSefuefwJh website tjzpf
ta&miftpdr;f eJY jyoygw,f/
uawmh oHo,&SdaejyD; tjynfh

azazmf0g&?D 2008

87

uGefysLwmtaxGaxG

t0 ,HMk unfpw
d cf svYkdr&wJh website awGudk Tef;qdkygw,f/
uawmh internet avmurS m
odkYavm? odkYavmeJY trSm;trSef
rqHk;jzwf EdkifbJ rsm;aomtm;jzifh
teuf a &mif website awG u d k
Tef;qdkygw,f/ Website wpfck
udk pointer TefjypOfrSm tqdk;
taumif;? tusKd;taMumif;udk
box wpfckeJY comment ay;xm;
wJh user twGuf txl;tusKd;&Sw
d hJ
add-ons ydk*&rfyg/ 'gayr,fh
wpfc&k w
dS m[m wcsKdU yd*k &rfawG
[m .com eJY tqH;k rowfbJ rdcif
EdkifiHu domain awGeJYom tqHk;
owfygw,f/ 'gaMumifh Oyrm
.ru qdkwJh k&Sm; domain awGudk
qd&k if ,HMk unfpw
d cf s&rI r&Syd gbl;
vdkY wpfxpfcsowfrSwfvdkY r&Edkif
ygbl;/ 'gayr,fh ydk*&rfuawmh
pufjzpfwJhtwGuf pufoabm
w&m;twdik ;f vkyaf qmifEikd w
f mrdYk
wpfcgwavrSm udk,fudk,fwdkif&JU
website awmifrS ,HkMunfpdwfcs
&rI r&SdwJh teufa&mif website
awGxJudk a&muf&SdoGm;wwfyg
w,f/

oihfyDpD&JU screen ay:rSm

Status bar qdkwm &Sdygw,f/
vdktyfwJh add-ons awGeJY pdwf

88

uGefysLwm*sme,f

csrf;omp&myDpDudk jrefqefatmif?
acsmarGUatmif ulnDvkyfaqmif
ay;aewJh add-ons awG ae&mcs
zd k Y &,f address bar rS m &S d w J h
vdyfpmawGudk azmfjyzdkY&,frSm
oHk;pGJygw,f/ tu,f firefox
zGihfaeqJrSm status bar aysmuf
aecJh&if view>status bar qdkjyD;
zGiv
fh pS Ef ikd yf gw,f/ tJ'D statubar

rSm 'DaeY Gmail xJudk pm b,f

ESapmif a&mufovJ/ b,fpmawG
uawmh b,foal wGyYkd vu
kd o
f vJ/
b,fpmawGu bmawG yg0ifjyD;
b,fvdk tESpfcsKyfawG &SdovJ

pojzifh mail snippet MunfhvdkY

&jyD; Gmail udk vdktyfovdk pDrH
cefYcGJEdkifwJh add-ons av; wpfck
udk firefox rSm aygif;pyfEdkifyg
w,f/ 300 KB om &SdwJh addons av;[m firefox wpfck
wnf;twGuf tvkyfay;EdkifwJh
shell-extension av;wpfckjzpf
jyD; user wpfa,muf&JU wpfaeY
wm vlaerIb0rSm r&Srd jzpf ta&;
MuD;wJh Gmail udk access aumif;
aumif; vkyfEdkifygvdrhfr,f/ ae&m
oHk;ck uae download csEdkifjyD;
Gmail account trsKd;rsKd; uGjJ ym;
pGm &SdwJh vlawGtwGuf screen
wpfckxJrSm account rsKd;pHkwdkYudk
wpfjydKifeufwnf; oHk;pGJEdkifygvdrhf
r,f/ Mazilla uae download
&,lwm ydkjyD; pdwfcs&ygw,f/
http://addons.mozilla .org/enUS/firefox/addon/1320

(aqmif;yg;udk rnforl qdk

vGwv
f yfpmG ul;,l jyefvnf
a&;om;Edkifygonf/)

uGeyf sLwmtaxGaxG

aps;0,fvrf;nTef

uGeyf sLwm 0,f,l toH;k jyKjcif;

vkaYd c:wJh OS awG[m Hardware pepfwpfcu
k dk
wnfaqmufjy;D jyq
D &dk if r&Srd jzpf vkt
d yfvmrSm jzpfygw,f/
Operating Systems

OS
OS pepfawG[mvJ trsKd;rsKd; &SdEkdifwmygyJ/ tenf;qHk;
awmh OS wpfckck? wpfrsKd;rsKd;udkawmh tm;vHk; toHk;cszl;rSm
yg/ Hardware trsKd;tpm;awGay:rSm rlwnfjyD;awmh OS
pepfwpfckuaejyD; rsm;pGmaom OS? wpfckxufydkaom OS
awGudk toHk;jyKEkdifwmudk awGU&ygvdrhfr,f/ 'Dae&mrSm od&rSm
u OS vkdY ac:xm;whJtwGuf 'D OS awG[m standalone
uGeyf sLwmawG? Network Environment awGrmS qk&d if Workstation qkdwhJ pufawGay:rSmom toHk;jyKr,fh operating
system awGyJ jzpfw,f/ NOS (Network Operating
System) vkdY ajymrSomvQif Server (Network rS Service
awG ay;r,fh uGefysLwm) awGbufrS oHk;vkdY&ygvdrhfr,f/ 'DaeY
oHk;aewhJ yDpDawGrSm tenf;qHk; OS wpfck &SdMuygvdrhfr,f/
trsm;pkuvJ Microsoft Platform awGrSm toHk;csaewm
qkad wmh Disk Operating System qkw
d Jh DOS uawmh tajccH
jyD; toH;k csaewke;f ygyJ/ DOS uawmh version 1.0 awGxu
J
aejyD; oHk;vmMuwm aemufqHk; DOS version 6.22? 'gudk
DOS only (pure DOS) qkdjyD;awmhvJ wifpm;jyD; ac:a0:

oHk;pGJMuw,f/ 'gqkd wjcm; bmawG&Sdao;ovJ/ DOS version 6.22 ay:rSm Window 3.11 eJY Window 3.11 Windows
for workgroups qkdwhJ Windows 3.X series aemufqHk;
toHk;jyKchJwmygyJ/ oufqkdif&m DOS version tvkduf
Windows version awGuawmh tJ'w
D ek ;f u toH;k jyKchMJ uwm
awGU&rSmyg/ aemufjyD;awmh DOS version 4.0 vkdYac:whJ
Windows 95 qkdwhJ Windows 9.X series awG qufwkduf
xGufvmwmudkd awGU&ygr,f/ Windows 9.X series awG
uawmh Windows 95 OSR1, Windows 95 OSR2,
Windows 98 OEM, Windows 98 SE, Windows 98 ME
'DWindows awGrSmvJ oufqkdif&m DOS awGuawmh ygae
wm awGU&rSmyg/ 'gayr,fh a&SUuxGucf o
Jh vkrd sK;d DOS oD;oefY
tvkyfvkyfwmawmh r[kwfawmhbl;/ tm;vHk; Combine
aygif;jyD; tvkyfvkyfwmudkawGU&ygvdrhfr,f/ Windows
xJuaejyD; DOS qdw
k Jh Shell awGukd MS DOS Prompt awG
uaejyD; wpfqifhtoHk;jyKvkdY&ygw,f/ Background rSmawmh
Windows Kernal awGuawmh toHk;jyKxm;wmygyJ/ 'gawG
tm;vHk;[m Workstation series awGbufrS Microsoft

azazmf0g&?D 2008

89

uGeyf sLwmtaxGaxG
bufuvkyfchJwhJ Product awGyJ jzpfw,f/ 'ghtjyif Microsoft uaejyD; NOS udk toHk;jyKzkdYtwGuf Server awGay:rSm
toHk;jyKr,f/ Network Operating System NT 3.5 ukdvJ
xkwfchJao;w,f/ odyfjyD; ratmifjrifchJbl;/ 'gaMumifh Windows NT 3.5 series awGukd upgrade vkyx
f m;whJ Windows
NT 4 series awGudk xkwfchJwm awGU&r,f/ Windows NT
4 Workstation eJ Y Server awG b uf r S m toH k ; jyKr,f /
Windows NT 4 Server awGqdkjyD; 2 rsKd; xGufvmrSm awGU&
ygvdrhfr,f/ 'ghtjyif 'DaeY a&yef;pm;aewhJ Windows 2000
Server, Server 2003 qkdjyD; server version awGuawmh
workstation version awGyg xGufaewmudk awGUae&rSm jzpf
ygw,f/ 'guawmh Windows vkdYac:whJ Microsoft Platform wpfcx
k u
J ykd J uGujf yD;ajymwmyg/ wjcm; Environment
awG? Platform awGvJ &Sdaewm trsm;MuD;ygyJ/ Oyrm server
twGuf NOS yJxkwfwhJ Novel Network, Unix, Linux,
Apple MAC qkdwhJ Operating System awG? Network
Operating System awGvJ &SdMuwmyg/ trsm;MuD;ygyJ/
t"duuawmh 'Dae&mrSm OS wpfck[m wnfaqmufxm;whJ
Hardware awGtay:rSm b,fvkd tvkyfvkyfovJqkdwm
tajccH? tMurf;zsif;od&if &ygjyD/ Operating System Basic
aygh/
aumif;rGefwhJ Hardware awGay:rSm Disk Operating
System wpfcu
k pkd jyD; Install vkyf toH;k jyKjyDq&dk if tJ'D DOS
ay:rSm uReaf wmfwYdkawGu tvkyv
f yk zf Ydk oufqidk &f m Program
awG? Application awGeJY wjcm;aom toHk;cs Software
awGudk toHk;jyKwmvkdYyJ jrifMuygw,f/ 'gawGtjyif wnf
aqmufxm;whJ Hardware ypnf;awGudk Software layer
awGu jyefvcJ idk ;f apwht
J cg toH;k jyKyHak wGuvJ &Syd gao;w,f/
Oyrm Software Layer awG[m Hardware Layer awGudk
toHk;jyKzkdYtwGuf jyefvJjyD; taxmuftyhH ay;&ygw,fvkdY
ajymcsiw
f myg/ Storage Media, Memory, System Processor awG tqifhqifh Layer awGeJY qufoG,fwmygyJ/ wcsKdU
Hardware Layer awGuaejyD; csdwfquf qufoG,fwhJtcg
rSm wcsKUd udak usmv
f mT ;jyD; csw
d q
f ufwmawGvJ &Sad ewmudk awGU&
ygr,f/ bmaMumifhvJqkdawmh wcsKdUaom Hardware awG[m
System awG&JU standard device awGxJrSm ygaevkdYygyJ/
System awG&JU Standard device awG[m System ROM
BIOS awGxr
J mS wpfcgwnf;xnhjf yD; aMumfjimxm;wmaMumifh
tJ'D device awG&JU tvkyfvkyfr,fhtqifh (routine) awG[m
wpfcgwnf;ygjyD;om; jzpfaeygw,f/ Layer tqifq
h ifu
h vJ
odaejyD;om;yg/ wcsKdUaom device awGusawmh System

90

uGefysLwm*sme,f

ROM BIOS awGxJrSm rygygbl;/ 'gudk Non-Standard

device awGvkdY ac:ygw,f/ 'D device awGusawmh tqifh
wpfqifhuae aemufwpfqifhudk tvkyfvkyfzkdYtwGuf device
driver awG vkdtyfygw,f/ device driver r&SdchJbl;/ OS u
rodbl;qkd&if tJ'D device awGudk (Hardware) Operating
System awGu oHk;vkdY r&ygbl;/ 'gqkd end user awGvJ
toH;k jyKvkYd r&ygbl;/ 'gaMumifh 'DaeY Windows pepf wpfcck k
udk Install vkyfjyD;jyDqkd&if vkdtyfwhJ? wyfqifxm;whJ Hardware awGtwGuf OS uodaeatmif Hardware device
driver awGudk t&ifOD;qHk; Install vkyfay;&ygw,f/ 'grS
omvQif Windows OS awG[m Stable jzpfygvdrfhr,f/
tajccHtm;jzifh Stable jzpfwJh Windows OS awG[m System
crashes eJY conflict jzpfzkdY tcGifhtvrf; enf;ygw,f/ ysufpD;

rI r&So
d avmufygyJ/ tajccHuswJh yHw
k pfcu
k kd qGjJ yxm;ygw,f/
yHkt&qkd&if Hardware Layer awG[m atmufqHk;eJY
tajccH tusqHk;ygyJ/ Hardware pepfawG aumif;rGefrSom
vQif tJ'D Hardware awGay:rSm OS Install vkyfwhJtcg
Stable jzpfygvdrr
fh ,f/ 'gawmif Mum;cHtaeeJY device driver
awGu taxmuftul? taxmuftyhHay;aewmudk awGU&yg
r,f/ 'gaMumifh 'DtajccH oabmw&m;udk Munhfjcif;tm;jzifh
Hardware ypnf;awGudk aumif; raumif;? tMurf;zsif;
ppfaq;csifw,fqkd&if wnfaqmufjyD;om; Hardware awG
ay:rSm Windows NT Platform pepfwpfckudk Install
vkyfMunhfvkdufyg/ Hardware ypnf;awG wu,faumif;rS
omvQif OS wufygvdrhfr,f/ 'Dae&mrSm jcGif;csuftaeeJY
Windows 9X series awG? Windows 3X series awGeJY
awmh Install rvkyfygeJY? 'D OS awG[m Hardware Error
&Sv
d J OS wufygw,f/ Stable om rjzpfwmyg/ NT Platform
awGuawmh Hardware requirement awmif;qkdrIu Strong
jzpfrSqkdawmh Hardware Error enf;enf; &SdwmeJY OS vHk;0
rwufygbl;/ 'D Hardware Level rSmvJ uReaf wmfwYdk toH;k jyK
r,fh bmompum;uvJ Machine Language udyk J toH;k jyK&
ygr,f/ Binary System awGyJ jzpfygw,f/ Machine
Language Instruction awG&JU tm;enf;csufu Function
awGudk toHk;jyKwhJtcgrSm Limited jzpfaewmyJ/ 'gaMumifh
tenf;i,f^tenf;qH;k toH;k jyKwhJ Hardware Layer awGrmS yJ
toH;k jyKMuw,f/ toH;k 0if^oH;k MuwhJ System Level awGrmS yJ
jzpfw,f/ Machine Language awGtwGuf assembler
program awGudk toHk;jyKwm awGU&ygr,f/ Low level programing vkdYvJ ac:ygw,f/ Hardware Level awGudk udkif
wG,fajz&Sif;wmqkdawmh Program Knowledge todynm

uGeyf sLwmtaxGaxG
uawmh (externely Knowledgeable) programmer wpf
a,muftaeeJY tm;vHk; odjyD;om; jzpfae&ygr,f/ 'DaeYxdvJ
toHk;us toHk;0ifaeqJ jzpfygw,f/ wpfaeYwpfaeY xGufae
whJ Hardware ypn;f awGu enf;rS renf;wm/ 'D Hardware
awGtay:rSm assembler awGudk toHk;csaewkef;ygyJ/ 'g
Hardware level udak jymaewmyg/ olY&UJ tm;enf;csuu
f awmh
Platform trsKd;rsKd;ay:rSm Basic Code awG uGJjym;jcm;em;rI
&Syd gw,f/ 'gaMumifh a&;&wm k;d &Si;f whJ (Simple task) tvkyf
qkdayr,fh 'gawGudk wjcm;rwlnDwhJ System awGrSm tvkyf
vkyfckdif;zkdY (translating or Porting) cufcyJ gw,f/ 'gaMumifh
end user Level awG toHk;jyKzkdYtwGuf High-Level Program awGukd oufqi
dk &f m Platform awGrmS toH;k csvmwmudk
awGU&ygr,f/
'gaMumifh PC wpfvHk;udk pwifjyD; zGifhjyDqkd&if ROM
BIOS xJrSmygwhJ Machine Code Programs awGupjyD;
tvkyf vkyMf uwm? 'D Machine Code awGu qufo,
G x
f m;
whJ (Directly) Hardware device awGudk system ay:wuf
vmatmif pwifjyD; tvkyfvkyfygw,f/ (aemufykdif;rSm Boot
Process qdkwm enf;enf; &Sif;jyygr,f/) 'Dvkd vufcH&&SdwhJ
Hardware awG[m System Level rSm Programs awGtjzpf
ajymif;vJ (generated) ypfygw,f/ uRefawmfwkdYodxm;whJ
command.com qdkwhJ file ygyJ/ 'g[m system file wpfck
jzpfygw,f/ Command Interpretar wpfckygyJ/ tJ'Dvkd
bmomjyefvYdk&vmwhJ code awGukd process vkyrf ,fh oufqidk f
&m processor awGqDudk ydkY&ygw,f/ 'D Level udka&mufjyD
qkdwmu services awGtjzpfeJY toHk;jyK&jyDvkdY ajymwmeJY
twlwlygyJ/ 'Dvkd&vmwhJ Command wcsKdU? Instruction
wcsKdU? Program wcsKdUudk system &JU standard BIOS awG
xJrSm Ready made oGm;jyD; xnhfxm;wmygyJ/ 'gaMumifh
system wpfcp
k wmeJY System BIOS awGxu
J BIOS Routin
awG pjyD; tvkyf vkyMf uygw,f/ BIOS Routin awGu tqifh
qifh ajymif;vJjyD; oufqidk &f m device driver file awGuaejyD;
User interface awGqDudk a&mufvmygw,f/ tajccHMuwhJ
Boot Process (for DOS) udk a&;jyygr,f/ aemufykdif;rSm
System Boot Process qkw
d Jh System Routin awGygvmygu
azmfjyay;ygr,f/ tajccHuswhJ Boot Process 7 csuf &Sdyg
w,f/ 1 uawmh Power On Self Test vkdYac:whJ 'POST'
tykdif;yJ jzpfygw,f/ 'Dtykdif;rSm Power udk ON whJtcsdefrS
Basic Hardware device awGudk ppfaq;whJtvkyfudk vkyfyg
w,f/ Oyrm Keyboard ay:rSm&SdwhJ rD;awG vif;oGm;ygr,f/
Num Lock, Caps Lock rD;awGyg/ Floppy drive awG

rD;vif;jyD; ppfoGm;r,f/ System speaker awG toHxu

G v
f m
r,f/ 'g System Pass jzpfw,fvkdY qkdvkdwmyg/ 2 uawmh
IO.sys vkdYac:whJ Basic Input/Output system file awGudk
memory ay:udk ac:wifygvdrhfr,f/ 'D file [m system
file jzpfygw,f/ Attribute taeeJY Read only, system,
Hidden qkdwhJ Attribute awG &Sdygw,f/ DIR ac:Munhf&if
jrif&rSm r[kwfygbl;/ DIR /A qkdwmeJY ac:rS jrif&ygr,f/
3 uawmh MSDOS.sys file ygyJ / Microsoft disk
operation system file wpfck jzpfygw,f/ 'D file [mvJ
system file wpfck jzpfwt
Jh wGuf Attribute awG &Syd gvdrrhf ,f/
4 uawmh Config.sys vkdYac:whJ device driver file awGyJ
jzpfygw,f/ system twGuf vkt
d yfwJh device driver awGukd
'D file udk zwfygvdrrfh ,f/ 'gaMumifh 'D file awGxrJ mS a&;xm;whJ
twkdif; system u vkdtyfwhJ file awGudk storage device
awGrmS &Smygw,f/ location awG rSeu
f efw,fq&dk if memory
ay:udk ac:wifjyD; p tvkyfvkyfygw,f/ Oyrm Config.sys
file awGxJrSm 'Dvkd a&;&ygw,f/ Device = C:\DOS\
HIMEM.Sys, Device = C:\DOS\EMM386.EXE NOEMS
pwhJ device driver aMumfjimwhJ file awGukd a&;xm;&ygw,f/
'DOyrmrSm a&;xm;wmuawmh system &JU Himemory Area
wpfcu
k kd toH;k jyKr,ft
h wGuf Himemory Area device driver
udk 'C' drive &JU DOS directory xJuaejyD; ac:wifjcif;
jzpfygw,f/ 'ghtjyif if;eJY wGJzuftoHk;jyKr,fh Extended
Memory Manager file wpfckudkvJ Memory ay:udk
ac:wifxm;wm jzpfygw,f/ 5 uawmh command.com
vkdYac:whJ bmomjyefr,fh file yJ jzpfygw,f/ oufqkdif&m
OS wpfckqDtwGuf command.com file awG[m &SdjyD;om;
jzpfygw,f/ DOS rSmoHk;whJ command.com udk Windows
9X rSm oHk;vkdY r&ygbl;/ Windows 9X twGuf command
.com oyfoyf &Sy
d gw,f/ 6 uawmh Autoexec.bat vkYd ac:whJ
program awG? Application awGtwGuf vkdtyfwhJ device
driver file yJ jzpfygw,f/ config.sys file eJY oabmw&m;
twlwlygyJ/ 'D file 2 file [m 'C' drive (Root) xJrSm &Sdyg
w,f/ 7 uawmh user interface yJ jzpfygw,f/ tck &Sif;jy
wm[m DOS tajccHqkdawmh User Interface uvJ 'C:\>'
vkdYac:whJ 'C' prompt taeeJY ay:aerSm jzpfygw,f/ Command Line Interface vkdYvJ ac:ygw,f/ Disk 'A' uaejyD;
Boot vkyc
f &Jh ifawmh 'A:\>' vkYdac:whJ 'A' Prompt ay:aeygvdrfh

r,f/
(qufvufazmfjyygrnf)
&Jausmo
f ed ;f (Compu-Tech)

azazmf0g&?D 2008

91

uGeyf sLwmtaxGaxG

y&ifwmvHjk cKH rpI epftwGuf enf;vrf; 10

y&ifwmrsm;toH;k jyK&mwGif ,cifuxuf security ydik ;f qdik &f m taetxm;udk tav;xm;aqmif&u
G Mf u&ef
vdt
k yfvmygonf/ y&ifwmwpfck vkyif ef;vkyaf qmif&m tvkyv
f yk rf nfv
h yk if ef;ESifh oufqikd o
f nfh data rsm;udk odrk ;DS
odr;f qnf;,ljy;D rSom rdrd vkyaf qmifp&m vkyif ef;rsm;udk vkyaf qmifay;avh&o
dS nf/ xdt
k cg trsm;toH;k jyKvsuf &Sad e&aom
ukrP
o
D ;kH y&ifwmrsm;twGuf ydk tav;xm; aqmif&u
G pf &m jzpfvm&awmhonf/ y&ifwmudk toH;k cs printing vkyif ef;?
scanning vkyif ef;? copying vkyif ef;? e-mailing vkyif ef;? odw
Yk nf;r[kwf faxing vkyif ef; vkyaf qmifonft
h cg
hard disk rS data rsm;udk qufvuf odr;f avh &So
d nf/ xdt
k csuo
f nfyif security hole wpfck jzpfaeaponf/ odt
Yk wGuf

tqdyk g security holes rsm;udk ydwaf y;Edik rf nfh enf;vrf;rsm;udk &SmazG&ef vdt
k yfvmcJo
h nf/
1 toH k ; jyKonf h t csd e f w G i f
hard disk udk overwrite vky,
f jl cif;
y&ifwmwpfckonf hard drives
twGi;f apcdik ;f aom tvkyEf iS fh oufqikd f
onfh data rsm;udk vufcH odkrSD;jyD;rSom
tvkyfvkyfay;avh &Sdonf/ print vkyf
onf jzpfap? scan vkyo
f nfjzpfap? fax
odkYr[kwf e-mail ydkYonfjzpfap? rdwL
qJG ,l onf jzpfap? odkrSD;jyD;om; jzpf
aeonf/ wpfcg
wpf & H additional

data

rsm;udkyif odrf;
qnf; odrk ;DS xm;
wwfonf/ rdrd
vkyfaqmifp&m

92

uGefysLwm*sme,f

vkyu
f ikd jf yD;onfEiS hf rdrt
d aejzifh tqdyk g
hard drive wpfcv
k ;kH udk overwrite vkyf
,lEikd af prnfh option wpfcu
k kd vdt
k yfae
rnfrSm trSefyifjzpfonf/ jyefodrf;jyD;
azsmufzsuyf pfjcif; &Srd &Sd aocsmrI&adS p&ef
wpfMudrx
f ufru overwrite vky,
f El ikd f
aom feature yg&Sdoifhonf/
2 csufcsif; overwrite vkyfjcif;
wpfcgwpf&H y&ifwmvkyfief;pOf
rsm;tm;vH;k jyD;pD;oGm; ydw&f ef jyifqif
csdeftxd rapmihfqdkif;EdkifbJ csufcsif;
overwrite vkyf,l&ygvdrhfrnf/ txl;
ojzifh tvGefta&;MuD;aom sensitive
information rsm;udk y&ifx
h w
k jf yD;aemuf
odkrSD;onfhae&mwGif qufvuf &Sdrae

oihfay/ vkyfief;&yftvdkuf? u@
tvdkuf tumtuG,fjyK,ljcif;onf
pdwftcs&qHk; jzpfonf/ odkYtwGuf
printing, scanning, copying, faxing
ESifh e-mailing vkyfaqmifjyD;onfESifh
csufcsif;qdkovdk overwrite vkyfvdkuf

&ygrnf/
3 Drive tm; encrypt jyKvkyfay;
jcif ;
y&ifhxkwfonfh vkyfief;tm;vHk;
jyD;pD;jyD;aemuf y&ifwmudk overwrite
vkyfcJhonfhwdkif jyefvnf tvG,fwul
y&ifhxkwfEdkif&eftwGuf if;tay:wGif
additional information rsm; odr
k ;DS xm;
wwfygao;onf/ tu,f rdrdtae

uGeyf sLwmtaxGaxG
jzifh tvGet
f a&;MuD;onfh information
rsm;qdkygu drive udk administratork iS hf encrypt
supplied passward wpfcE
vkyfxm;vdkygvdrhfrnf/ password udk
razmfxkwfEdkifolrsm;twGuf rnfonfh
data udr
k Q zwf,El ikd v
f rd rhf nf r[kwaf y/
y&ifwmrS drive udk jzKwf,loGm;onfh
wdkif vHkjcHKrI&Sdaernf jzpfonf/
4 wu,fwrf; encrypt vkyfEdkifjcif;
encryption schemes rsm;tm;vH;k
onf wlnDrI r&SdMuay/ drive udk encrypt vkyf&ef&Sdvmygu rdrdy&ifwm
onf encryption security tqihf
rnfrQtxday;xm;onfudk taotcsm
avhvm oHk;oyf&rnf/ Microsoft
Word documents rsm; uJhodkYaom
encryption schemes rsm;onf offthe-shelf aqmhzf0JESifh tvG,fwul
azmuf,lEdkifonf/ odkYtwGuf y&ifwm
toHk;jyK&mwGif scheme tajc taeudk
vufawGUusus vkyfEdkifjcif; &Sdr&Sd *kjyK
aqmif&Guf&rnf jzpfonf/
5 memory rS y&ifhvkyf,ljcif;
tcsKdUaom y&ifwmrsm;onf hard
disk udk bypass vkyfum RAM rS vHk;
vHk; wm0ef,lapjyD; y&ihfxkwfcdkif;rIrsm;
&Sdwwfonf/ xdkodkY aqmif&Gufjcif;jzifh
y&ifhxkwfrIEIef;xm; avsmhusoGm;ap
wwfonf/ odkYaomfjim;vnf; hard
disk ay: oGm;jcif;r&Sdojzifh information rsm; usef&pfcJhp&m taMumif; r&Sd
awmhay/
6 Passwords ESihf vHkjcHKpGm y&ifhxkwf
jcif ;
y&if w mrsm;twG u f a,bk , s
tusqHk; security feature rS password udk toH;k cs vkyi
f ef; vkyu
f ikd af p
jcif; jzpfonf/ xdkodkY password jzifh

oGi;f um vkyu
f ikd f
aqmif & G u f j cif ;
onf rdrd y&ifh
xk w f x m;aom
pm&Guf pmwrf;
rsm;udk tjcm;ol
wpf O D ; OD ; jrif
awGUoGm;Edkifjcif;rSwpfyg; pdwftcs&qHk;
jzpfonf/
7 Cards rsm;jzifh y&ihfxkwfjcif;
vHkjcHKa&;udptwGuf uRrf;usif
ynm&Sifrsm;\ tqdkt& smart cards
rsm;jzifhy&ifhxkwfjcif;onf passwords
ESifh y&ifhxkwfjcif;xuf vHkjcHKpdwfcsrI &Sd
onf[k ajymqdkMuonf/ Passwords
udk rarhavsmh&ef rSwfom;xm;olrsm;
twGuf tjcm;olrsm; tvG,fwul
toH;k csoGm;Edik af ponf/ tu,f y&if
wmudk 0,f,l toHk;jyKrnfqdkygu
smart-card reader ESihftwl secureprint feature jzifh xde;f csKyfEi
kd jf cif; &Srd &Sd
avhvm MunfhIoihfonf/
8 Biometrics udk toHk;csjcif;
vQKdU0Sufaqmif&GufrIESifh ywfouf
tjcm; vHkjcHKa&;pDrHcsuf tpDtrHrSm
bio-metric devices wpfcu
k kd toH;k cs,l
jcif; jzpfonf/ if;twGuf vufaAGjzifh
ppf aq; cGihfjyKjcif; jzpfojzihf y&if
wmwGif fingerprint reader wpfck
&Sdae&rnfjzpfonf/ rnfodkYyifjzpfap
vuf a AG y H k p H o nf v nf ; twk j zih f
aqmif&u
G f vkyu
f ikd Ef ikd o
f nfh tajctae
rsm; &Sad eygonf/ xdYk twl toH;k jyKonfh
olrsm;\ vufaAGyHkpHrsm;udk odkrSD; odrf;
qnf;,ljcif;onfvnf; oufaomihf
oufomjzpfjcif; r&Sday/ Konica Minolta rS MFPs (multifunctional
Peripherals) udk biometric authentication unit ESihf wGJzuf toHk;jyKap

onf/ if;onf vufacsmif;tpm; aoG;

aMumyHkpHudk zwfI,laponf/
9 vHkjcHKrIt&SdqHk; y&ifhvkyfief;
password udt
k oH;k jyKonfjzpfap?
card udk toHk;jyKonfjzpfap odkYwnf;
r[kwf biometric pepfukd toH;k csonf
jzpfap? xdkufoifhaom vHkjcHKrIrsm;udk
udk,fpD udk,fpD
aqmif&Guf ay;
Edkif Mu onf/
taumif;qHk;rSm
if;wdkYudk wpfck
csif; t oHk; jyK
jcif;rvkyfbJ ESpf
rsKd;aygif;? oHk;
rsKd;aygif; toHk;jyKjcif;u vHkjcHKrIpepf\
tjrihfqHk;jzpfoGm;aponf/
10 tppt&m&m udptwGuf vHkjcHKrI
&S d a pjcif ;
,cktcg y&ifwmwdkYonf y&ihf
xkwfvkyfjcif; vkyfief;wpfckom aqmif
&GuMf uonf r[kwaf wmhbJ all-in-one
y&ifwmrsm;udk toHk;csvmMu&onf/
odkYtwGuf printing udp? scanning
udp? e-mailing udp? copying udpE iS hf
faxing ud p
rsm;twGuf
sensitive information ESifh

ywf o uf v m
vQif vH k j cH K rI
pepf u d k pepf
wus toHk;cs,loihfonf/ taMumif;
rSm rnfonfhvkyfief;udk cdkif;aponf
jzpfap? vkyfief; vkyfaqmifay;&ef
twGuf y&ifwmrS vkyfief;tpwGif information rsm; odkrSD;xm;,lavh&Sdjcif;
aMumifh jzpfonf/
Ref : eweek, Nov-5, 2007

azazmf0g&D? 2008

93

uGefysLwmowif;ESifhrSwfpk
INTERNATIONAL NEWS

EkdifiHwumuGefysLwmowif;ESifh rSwfpk
udk HI-DEF tqifh a&mufonftxd
ADOBE u UPGRADE vkyaf y;
FLASH

accelerated, multicore
enhanced eJY t"du OS
ESifh browsers rsm;tay:
resolution jrifhjrifh screen

,cif Macromedia
ydkif? ,ck Adobe ydkif? Flash
aqmhzf0Jenf;ynm[m tif
wmeuf0ufbq
f u
kd af wGay:u
vIy&f mS ;yH&k yd ef YJ ouf0ifwYkHjyef
rIawGtwGuf yvufazmif;
ozG,f MuD;pdk;vTrf;rdk;xm;
w,f/ Media content awG
azmfxkwf xdef;odrf;jzefYa0zdkY
&m server bufykdif; taeeJY

tjynfMh unfEh idk zf Ykd&mawG yg0if

w,f/
aemufq;kH xkwf Adobe

Adobe Flash Media

Server udk oHk;&jyD; client
browser bufrSm MunfhIzdkY
&m tcrJh download vkyf
,l E k d i f w J h Adobe Flash
Player oH;k &ygw,f/Adobe

&JU aemufq;kH tqifjh riahf y;cJh

94

Flash Media Server 3

vdkif;0if xkwfukefawGudk
awmh Zefe0g&DrSm aps;uGuf
wifzYkd &jdS yD; aps;awGjzwfcsay;
xm;w,f/ Live and ondemand video streaming

rI a Mumif h Adobe Flash

Player 9 Update 3 aqmhz0
f J
[m H.264 standard pHEIef;
AD'D,dkaxmufyHhrIawG &&Sdvm
ygawmhr,f/ Blu-Ray eJY
HD-DVD hi-def AD'D,dkzGifh
pufeJY High Efficiency

uGefysLwm*sme,f

AAC (HE-AAC) audio

toHpGrf;aqmifrI taxmuf
tyHhawG oHk;xm;aom standard eJY twlwlygyJ/ ydkjyD;
em;,Of w J h toH k ; tEI e f ; eJ Y
ajym&&if MPEG-4 Part 10
'grSr[kwfAVC(Advanced
Video Coding) jzpfygw,f/
H.264 eJY HE-AAC
awG[m zGix
hf m;aomvkyif ef;
oHk; pHEIef; open-industry
standard jzpfum iPhone
eJY Apple TV awGrSmvnf;
if; taxmuftyHhay;xm;
w,f/ 'DpufawGrSm Flash
oH;k vmEkid zf Ykd jzpfEidk af jc&Sw
d ,f
aygh / aemuf q H k ; update
flash player rSm hardware

awG ukdifwG,fvkyfaqmifay;
Ek d i f r ,f / Clients rsm;pG m
yl;aygif;vkyfaqmifzdkYtwGuf
Real Time Communication &&SdvmjyD; chat room
vdk? multiplayer game vdk
application awG azmfxkwf
vmEkdifr,f/ H.264 vkyfief;

oHk; pHEIef; xnfhoGif;xm;rI

aMumifh oef;aygif;rsm;pGm
aom Flash developers
awG[m tEkpdwfjywfom;rI
jrifh HD azmfxkwfEkdifpGrf;
&Sdvmum MunfhIolrsKd;quf
opfawGuawmh olwdkY&JU az;
b&dwf tpDtpOf shows eJY
AD',
D akd wGtwGuf0ufbb
f uf
odkY OD;vSnfhvmp&m &Sdaeyg
w,f/

uGeyf sLwmowif;ESirhf w
S pf k
Adobe CEO

&mxl;rS qif;ay;awmhrnfh

jref r mod Adobe

Systems Inc &J U CEO
Bruce Chizen [m ukrP
&D UJ
2007 b@ma&;ESpt
f ukerf mS
&mxl;rS qif;ay;awmhr,f
vdkY aMunmcJhw,f/ 'DZifbm
1 &ufupjyD; Adobe &JU
vuf&Sd president & chief
operating officer jzpfol
Shantanu Narayen rS
CEO &mxl;udk vufcHjyD;
'gdu
k w
f m bkwt
f zGYJrmS yg0if
vmygvdrfhr,f/
Chizen [m 1994
ckESpfrSm Adobe odkYa&muf&Sd
cJhjyD; CEO tjzpf vGefcJhwJh
ckepfESpfu cefYxm;cH&w,f/
olYvufxufrSm ta&;ygwJh
vk y f a qmif r I M uD ; wpf c k u
Macromedia Inc udk 2005

ckESpfrSm 0,f,lEkdifcJhjcif;jzpf
w,f / Rich Internet
Applications awG azmfxw
k f
wJ h development and
design tools aps;uGufrSm
OD;aqmifojl zpfvmzdYk &nf&,
G f
w,f/ Chizen &JU OD;aqmifrI
atmufrSm ukrPD&JU tqifh
twef; yHk&dyfu jrifhrm;vm
wmaMumifh jydKifbufMicrosoft &JU ypfrSwfozG,fawmif
jzpfvmcJ&h w,f/ Microsoft
[m Adobe &J U Flash
aqmhz0f u
J kd ,SOjf ydKizf Ykd Silverlight vdYk ac:wJh web design
tool awG xkwf vkyf vm
w,f/
aqmhz0f x
J w
k u
f ek f rsK;d uGJ
taxGjym;qH;k xkwEf idk jf yD;urmh
tMuD;qHk; aqmhzf0JukrPD

Chizen

rsm;xJu wpfcjk zpfvmatmif

toG i f a jymif ; ay;Ek d i f c J h w J h
Chizen &JUPftajrmftjrif
udk Adobe bkwftzGJY wGJzuf
Ou|u aus;Zl;wifpum;
qdck w
hJ ,f/ urmwpfck vH;k jcHK
rdaom aeYpOfvnfywf vkyf
aqmifrI? a&&Snfaps;uGufAsL
[meJY okawoezGHYjzdK;a&;
awG wm0ef,l OD;aqmifaeol
Narayen odkY CEO tvkyf
vTaJ jymif;ay;vdu
k w
f muvnf;
Adobe &JU tul;tajymif;udk
acsmarGYapr,fvYkd xyfavmif;
ajymqdv
k u
kd w
f ,f/ Narayen
[m 1998 ckESpfrSm ukrPD&JU
tif*sifeD,mESifh enf;ynm
tkyfpk 'kwd,Ou|eJY taxG
axGrefae*smtjzpf a&muf
vmcJhw,f/ wpfq,fhESpfv

tMumrSm urmvHk;qkdif&m
xkwfukefXme&JU tMuD;wef;
Ou| jzpfvmjyD; 2001 ckESpf
rS m awmh ur m vH k ; qk d i f & m
xkwfukefaps;uGufESifh zGHYjzdK;
a&;Xme&JU trIaqmifOu|
odkY &mxl;wdk;jrifhcH&w,f/
2005 ckESpf Zefe0g&DvrSm
Macromedia vufajymif;
&,la&; tif*sief ,
D mudpa wG
udkifwG,fzdkY vuf&Sd COO
&mxl;udk &&SdcJhw,f/
Chizen &J U &mxl ; rS
qif;ay;zdkY qHk;jzwfcsuf[m
b@ma&;ESifh vkyfief;udp
awGeJY roufqkdifbJ yk*dK vf
a&;udpo
m jzpfw,fvdkY qdk
w,f / bk w f t zG J Y twG i f ;
usew
f o
hJ ufwrf;wpfavQmuf
2008 ckESpf Edk0ifbmvtxd
]r[mAsL[mtMuHay;} tjzpf
qufvuf&adS eOD;r,f/ukrP
D
&JUpwkwo
;kH vywfa&mif;tm;
[m &nfrSef;xm;wJh a':vm
oef;aygif; 860 rS 890
Mum; jynfhrDr,fvdkY arQmfrSef;
xm;w,f/ 2008 b@ma&;
ESpftwGif;rSmvnf; ESpfpOf
a&mif;tm; MuD;xGm;wdk;wuf
rI 13 &mcdkifEIef;&zdkY &nf
rSe;f xm;ygw,f/ yHEk ydS rf 'D ,
D m
twGuf PDF, 0ufbfrD'D,m
twGuf Flash format platform awG MuD;pd;k vmrIaMumifh
Adobe &JU tiftm;MuD;xGm;
vmjcif; jzpfw,f/ Creative
Suites xk w f u k e f a wG u
vnf; industry standard
tqifh a&muf&Sdaeygw,f/

azazmf0g&?D 2008

95

uGefysLwmowif;ESifhrSwfpk

tqifhjrifhvmaom
CGI ky&
f iS rf sm;
uGefysLwm 'pf*spfw,f
CGI (computer graphic
imagery) enf;awGeJY azmf

xkwfaom kyf&Sifum;t&nf
taoG; tqifhtwef;awGudk
Pixar &JU Toy Story, Square
Enix &JU Final Fantasy:
Spirit Within awGeJY tqifh
qifh wef;jrifhay;vmcJh&m
,ck aemufqHk;HkwifjyD;oGm;
wJh Beowulf u aemufxyf
wpfqifh xyfwifay;vkduf
jyef y gjyD / k y f & S i f a 0zef o l
wpfOD;u ]ydwfum;ay: tdef
*svDem*sKdvD udk,fyGm;Zmwf
aumifukd jrif&awmh wu,fh
*sKdvu
D kd ky&f iS f u
kd x
f m;jyD; 'g
uGefysLwm CG ygvdkY nm
xm;ovm;vdYkawmifoo
H ,
yGm;cJhrdaMumif; qdkxm;w,f/
a&S;a[mif; t*Fvdyf *E0if
ol&Jaumif; r[muAsmZmwf
aMumif;udk jyefdkufxm;wJh
kyf&SifrSm xl;jcm;wJh'pf*spf
w,f tqifhjrifh enf;ynm
awG oHk;xm;w,f/ kyf&Sif&JU
version wpfckudk ydwfum;

96

xufrS yHk&dyfawG wu,fvdk

tjyifodkY kef;<uxGufvmap
wJh wu,fh 3D kyf&Sifjzpf
aom IMax 3D format tae
eJY jzefYa0w,f/ tqifhjrifh
CGI Zmwfum;&JU Zmwfaumif
awG[m tjyifokyfaqmif
rsm;&JU vIyf&Sm;rIeJY rsufESm
trlt&mrsm;udkyg motion
capture enf;ynmtopfeJY
zrf;,lazmfaqmifxm;aom
'pf*spw
f ,fokyaf qmifrsm;yJ
jzpfygw,f/ Toy Story eJY
Final fantasy u Zmwf
aumifawGuawmhueG yf sLwm
tay:rSm tjyD;tpD; yHkazmf,l
wJh 3D CGI Zmwfaumifrsm;
jzpfygw,f/
'gdkufwm Zemeckis
[m t&if The Polar

uGefysLwm*sme,f

Zmwf u m;wk e f ;
uvnf; 'Denf;ynmudk oHk;
cJzh ;l w,f/ 'Denf;ynmopfukd
Express

contour digital specialeffects systems vd k Y

ac:w,f/ okyaf qmifawG&UJ

rsufESmeJY t0wftpm;awGrSm
a&mifajymif;awmufypnf;
phosphorescent trIeYfrsm;
yg0ifaom rdwfuyfvdrf;&
w,f/ olwdkYu yHkrSeftvif;
atmuf r S m awmh xif o m
awmufyrI r&Sdbl;/ aemuf
okyfaqmifudk tvif;vHk
cef;xJrmS jydKifusndx
m;aom
AD',
D u
kd ifr&mtkypf ek YJ du
k u
f ;l
,lw,f/ Scenes dkufuGif;
udk zswfceJ zswfceJ vufae
wJh tvif;ay;r,f/ uifr&m
tarSmifcsjzpfpOf wjzwfjcm;

vif;vufpOfumvMum;ydkif;
twGi;f ta&mifawmufaewJh
trIefrS tvif;awG zrf;,l
dkuful;r,f/ 'Dumvu wdk
awmif;vGef;wmaMumifh vl
taeeJY owdrjyKrdbl;/
zrf;,l&&Sw
d hJ yH&k yd af wGukd
uGefysLwmaygif;rsm;pGmodkY
ydkYjyD; vif;vufaewJh {&d,m
rS oHk;zufjrifyHk&dyf azmfxkwf
w,f/ jyD;awmh Autodesk
&JU Maya, Softimage &JU
FaceRobot vdk tqifhjrifh
aqmhzf0JawGoHk;jyD; ydkMuD;wJh
digital scenes aemufcHrSm
ukdifwG,fwnf;jzwfEkdifyg
w,f/ 'Denf;eJY "mwfyHkvdk
ppfrSefobm0us yDjyifaom
'pf*spw
f ,fvo
l m;Zmwfaumif
udk azmfxkwfvmEkdifygw,f/
vlom;eJY wlvkeD;jzpfaejyD;
toufuif;rJhrIaMumifh jzpf
vm&wJh "uncanny valley"
pdwfcHpm;rIcsKdifh0Srf;udkvnf;
jzwfausmfvmEkdifygvdrfhr,f/
(2007 ck E S p f 'D Z if b mv
uGefysLwm*sme,f Art of
Game u@wGif jyefMunfh
yg/)

uGefysLwmowif;ESifhrSwfpk
APPLE MACWORLD EXPO owif;

a&mh c f * D w azsmf a jzyG J

tdrfarG;wd&pmef tvSjydKifyGJ
owif;pmuGefz&ifh tm;vHk;
aygif;xm;wmeJYwlwJh Macworld Expo ukefpnfjyyGJrSm
Apple rS aemuf q H k ; ay:
xkwu
f ek af wGrw
d q
f ufwifjy
cJhw,f/
ukepf nf(1) Time Capsule
oif h & J U uG e f & uf network
wpfckvHk;pmtwGuf 0kdif,m
vuf backup hard drive:
acsmarGYoG,fvsjyD; wireless
router tjzpfyg xrf;aqmif
Ek d i f w ,f / one terabyte
storage vnf; &Sdw,fqdk
awmh a':vm 500 qdkwJh
aps;EIef;ursm;w,fvdkY rqdk
omygbl;/
ukepf nf (2) iPhone eJY iPod
Touch twG u f aqmh z f 0 J
tqifjh rifrh /I tJ'x
D u
J wpfck
u oifh&JU vuf&Sdwnfae&m
ud k Google map tay:
wduspGm ae&mjyay;Ekdifjcif;
'D gadgets awGrSm GPS r&Sd
vdkY b,fvdkvkyfovJ acgif;
pm;raeygeJY/ wnfae&m&zdkY
twGuf iPod Touch rS m
qkd&if teD;em;u 0kdif,m
vuftifwmeuf hotspots,
iPhone rSmqdk&if cellular
towers awGrS tcsufjy signal &JU pGrf;tm;awGudk wGuf

98

csufjyD; azmfxkwf,lygw,f/
ukepf nf (3) Downloadable
movies topfxu
G w
f hJ yk &f iS f
awGtwGuf 4 a':vm ay;&
r,f/ pwifcs,ljyD; 24 em&D
twGif; tjyD;Munfh&r,f/
Amazon, Vudu wdkYrS aps;
EIef;ay;urf;rIawGeJY twlwl
ygyJ/ 'gayr,fh Apple u
t"du txifu& kyf&Sif
pwl',
D akd wGeYJ oabmwlcsuf
&xm;jyD;jyD/ kyf&SifMunfhwm
udk uGefysLwmay:rSpwifjyD;
iPod 'grSr[kwf iPhone
twGif; tjyD;oyfMunfhIEkdif
w,f/
ukepf nf (3 'or 5) ta&mif;
xdkif;aeaom Apple TV
twG u f aqmh z f 0 J t opf e J Y
a':vm 230 odkY aps;avQmh
ay;rI/ tck'D set-top box
rSm ky&f iS af wGimS ;&rf; download csjyD; uGefysLwmrvdkbJ
TV ay:rSm wku
d f u
kd Mf unfEh idk f
w,f / Flickr photos,
iTunes music eJY podcasts

uGefysLwm*sme,f

awGvnf; yg0ifygw,f/
'gayr,fh 'DyrJG mS Apple
&JU aemufqHk;eJY taumif;qHk;
aMunmcsufuawmh tkef;
tkef;<uuf<uuf rSef;qajym
qdkaeMuwJh a':vm 1800
wef 3 aygif laptop av;
MacBook Air jzpfygw,f/
Apple uawmh urmay:rSm
tyg;vT m qH k ; laptop vd k Y
ajymygw,f/ tHharmzG,fvSy
aom tvsLrDe,
D t
H cGu
H wpf
vufr&JU av;yHkoHk;yHkyJ txl
&Sdw,f/ ydkjyD; yg;w,fxif&
atmif tem;pG e f ; awG r S m
apmif;oyfjyD; bevel ay;xm;
vkdufao;w,f/ pm;yGJay:
wifxm;&if 'D laptop av;
u atmufutcHeJYawmif
rSm;oGm;Ekdifygw,f/
Mac Book Air &J U
ae&m,lrI tus,ft0ef;u
awmh vuf&Sd Mac Book
twkdif;twm (12.8 x 9.8)
xuf ydkao;roGm;ao;bl;/
tjcm; ultraportables
awGeJY rwlpGmjzifh 'DwpfckrSm
screen size, keyboard
size eJY battery life awGudk

avQmh c s paw;rxm;bl ; /

tem;apmif;oyfvkdufwmu
twGif;ydkif;0ifqHhrI tv[
jzpfoGm;apayr,fh Apple &JU ausm&
h iS ;f vSypwkid u
f s
rIudk a0rQcHpm;csifol rnfol
rqdktwGufawmh xkdufwef
wJ h ay;qyf r I j zpf y gw,f /
at;jrwJh tvsLrDeD,HtcGH
acsmarG Y w J h tem;pG e f ; awG
aMumifh udik w
f ,
G o
f ,faqmif
zG i f h y d w f v k y f z d k Y &m od y f u d k
auseyfESpfjcdKufzG,f aumif;
vSw,f/
Mouse ae&mrS oH;k &wJh

Fast Search udk 0,f,l

udk zdtm;ay;vmwJh
rdkuf udk aqmhzf [m
Fast Search & Transfer

ukrPDudk a':vm 1 'or

2 bDvD,HeJY 0,f,lzdkY pDrHae
w,f/ enf;ynm&JU aemuf
xyf MuD;xGm;vmaewJh aps;
uGufopfwpfckxJ 0ifa&muf
zdkY&mtwGufyg/ tJ'guawmh
business users rsm;taeeJY
aumf y d k & d w f a'wmabh p f
twGif; ydwfrdaewJh zGJUpnf;
wnfaqmufyHkruswJh
owif ; tcsuf t vuf r sm;
e,fajrrSm vsifjrefpGm jzwf
oef; MunfhI &SmazGEdkifwJh
aqmhz0f aJ ps;uGujf zpfygw,f/
EIdif;,SOfcsuft& topf jzpf
aomif; enterprise search
aps;uGuf[m IBM eJY Google vdk tjcm; [JAD;0dwf tif

uGeyf sLwmowif;ESirhf w
S pf k
t&G , f v G e f trackpad rS m
oif[m iPhone &JU vuf
acsmif;ESpfacsmif;yHkpHeJY "mwfyHk
awG? 0wKawGudk scroll, rotate, magnify vkyfEkdifyg
w,f/ avmuobm0 ajym
p&mawmh &Sdukd &Sd&r,f/ oif
[m 3 aygifyJav;wJh puf
twGuf wpfckckudk paw;
rypfbJeJY r&bl;/ 'DpufrSm
qdk;qdk;0g;0g;paw;rI&Sdw,f/
bufx&Dut
dk wGi;f rSm tao
pGJ ydwfxm;w,f/ iPod eJY
iPhone rS m vd k y J Apple

vkyfaeus ae&mvGwfxGuf
vmzdYk jyKvkyx
f m;wmyg/ wpf
ESpf ESpfESpfavmufMumawmh
charge r0ifawmh&if Apple
ud k a':vm 130 ay;jyD ;
jyef install vkyf&ygvdrfh
r,f/ Hard drive uvnf;
iPod xJrSmygwJh tao;csKHU
trsKd ; tpm;eJ Y wl v d k Y 80
gigabytes &Sdw,f/ Office
work twGuf ae&mrsm;pGm
qHhayr,fh "mwfyHkMuD;MuD;?
AD'D,dkpkaqmif;rIawGtwGuf
ae&musyfvdrfhr,f/ aum

vm[v rSef;qcsufawGrS
a[mude;f xkwx
f m;wJt
h wkid ;f
oif[m Mac Book Air udk
64 -gigabyte solid-statedrive (S.S.D) eJYvnf; rSm

,lEkdifw,f/ vnfywfaewJh
disks awGtpm; flash memory eJYoHk;xm;vdkY a&GUvsm;

zdYk pDrHjy;D Google eJY IBM

rdu
k u
f dak qmhzf
wmydkuf vkyfief;MuD;awGrS
&if;ES;D jrKyfErHS aI wGuv
kd nf; qGJ
aqmifvsuf &Sdw,f/ odkYay
rifh vuf&SdrSmawmh tqdkyg
oD;jcm;e,fy,frSm txl;jyK
vkyfudkifol vufwpfqkyfpm
rQaom vkyfief;i,fav;rsm;
om &Sdygao;w,f/ rdkufudk
aqmh z f [ m 2007 ck E S p f
twGif; a':vm oef; 130
tIH;ay:r,fvdkY cefYrSef;xm;
wJh xdkuJhodkYaom ukrPDi,f
av;udk aps;aumif;aumif;
ay;0,fjyD; 'gudk ajymif;vJypf
zdkY pdwftm;xufoefvsuf &Sd
w,f / bmjzpf v d k Y ta&;
wMuD; vky&f ygovJ/Enterprise search qdkwm reuf
jzef&JU vkyfom;rsm;twGuf
,aeYpm;oHk;olawG&JU tif

wmeuf search yHkpHrsKd; jzpf

vmrS m rd k Y ygyJ / vd k t yf w J h
owif ; tcsuf t vuf u d k
vsifjrefpGm &SmazGzdkY&m roHk;
rjzpf ud&d,mrsKd;jzpfvmvdrhf
r,fvdkY Microsoft Business Division XmecGJrS ajym
oGm;w,f/ Business cycle
[m ydkjyD; wdkawmif;vmae
w,f/ xkwfukefopf azmf
xkwfzdkY&m ukefxkwf vkyfief;
tm;vHk;vdkvdktwGuf tcsdef
vsmxm;rI time line awG
usHKUvmMuw,f/ vkyfom;
awG u owif ; tcsuf
tvufawGudk olwdkY vuf
0,f wwfEdkiforQ vsifvsif
jrefjref&atmif vkyfay;r,fh
aqmhzf0Jvdktyfw,f/ ]]abm
vHk;yGJ&rSwfawG tGefvdkif;ay:
&SmazG,zl Ykd &m ig;pueYf yJ Mum
w,f / 'gayr,f h uk r P D
twGif; wpfckck&SmzdkY&m ig;

em&Davmuf MumEdik w
f ,f}}vdYk
qk d w ,f / 'D t cG i h f t vrf ;
aemuf vdkufaewm rdkufudk
aqmhzf wpfcw
k nf; r[kwyf g
bl;/ IBM [m if;&JU Omnifind trSwfwHqdyfatmuf
rSm tools and services awG
tpk t aygif ; vd k u f wnf
aqmufvsuf &Sdw,f/ xd
a&mufjrefqefwhJ enterprise
search trSefwu,f jzpf
vmapzdkY 'DZdkif;jyKxm;w,f/
tif w meuf Search
bk&ifMuD; Google [m 'D
aps;uGufrSmawmh atmifyef;
rqifEdkifcJhao;bl;/pD;yGm;a&;
vk y f i ef ; [m search engines awGtwGufawmh tif
wmeufxuf ydkjyD; wm;qD;
ydwyf ifxm;wJ0h ef;usiu
f o
kd m
ay;urf;w,f/ Web documents qdkwmu HTML eJY
XML vdk vufwpfqkyfpmrQ

tpdwftykdif;rygbJ tvGef
tMurf;cHw,f/ bufx&D
oufwrf;udk jrifhwifay;jyD;
jrefEIef;vnf; wufvmap
w,f/ txl;ojzifh pufpEdI;
wJt
h csdef yd*k &rfziG w
hf hJ tcsdef
awGrSm jzpfygw,f/

aom formats rsm;eJ Y o m

odrf;qnf;xm;jyD; trsm;
jynfol Munfh EI ikd zf Ykd&m wrif
oufoufziG cfh say;xm;w,f/
'geJY jcm;em;pGmjzifh aumfydk
&dwf uGef&uftwGif;rSmawmh
trsK;d rsK;d aom formats awGeYJ
zGUJ pnf;wnfaqmufykH uswm
awGa&m? ruswmawGyg wpf
yHkwpfyif odrf;qnf;xm;
w,f/tcsKdUu q,fpkESpfrsm;
avmuftxd tdka[mif;Edkif
um vHkjcHKrI jrihfrm;wJh servers awGtay: odrf;xm;Mu
w,f/ p&dwMf uD;wJh jyem
jzpfjyD; ukrP
aD wGrmS owif;
tcsut
f vufvyk o
f m;twGuf
ESpfpOf vpmaiG a':vm 5
oef; jzKef;wD;&zG,f&SdaMumif;
od&w,f/ 'gaMumihfyJ txl;
jyK specialized search
vendors awG x<u tm;
aumif;vm&jcif; jzpfw,f/

azazmf0g&?D 2008

99

uGefysLwmowif;ESifhrSwfpk
CHIP wpfcw
k nf;tay: 0ifqhH r,fh SUPER COMPUTER
rdkufudk ydkqufqm
twGif; cores rsm;pGm quf
oG,fay;wJh vQyfppf0kdif,m
qufoG,frIae&mrSm tvif;
vdIif;jywfawG oHk;jcif;jzifh
2020 jynfhESpfta&mufrSm
plyguGefysLwmawG&JU t&G,f
tpm;udk laptop t&G,fodkY
csKHU,lEidk rf ,fvYkd IBM rS arQmf
rSef;,HkMunfvsuf&Sdw,f/
vQyfppftcsufjyrS tvif;
wef;odkY ul;ajymif;ay;wJh

cores awGtMum;qufo,
G f

rI jrefEIef;udkvnf; jrifhwif
ay;w,f/ 0dkif,mawGxuf
tqwpf&mydkjrefjyD; yg0g
pm;oHk;rI 10 qydkenf;w,f/

tqdkyg silicon nanophotonics enf;ynm[m umv

&Snf okawoe ya&m*suf&JU
&v'fjzpfjyD; aemuf 10 ESpfrS
12 ESpftwGif; chips awGrSm

vufawGYoHk;vmEkdifr,fvdkY
qdkw,f/ 'Dvdklight- driven
chips awG aps;uG u f x J
a&mufzdkY MuD;rm;wJhjyem
u xkwfvkyfa&;tykdif;jzpfyg
w,f/ q,fpkESpfrsm;pGm jzpf
xGef;vmcJh&wJh ,aeY puf
ypn;f ud&,
d meJY enf;pOfawG
rSm aMu;eDtoHk;jyKrItay:
tajccHw,f/ tvif;enf;
ynm rdwfqufxnfhoGif;zdkY
qdk&if pufypnf; ud&d,m
topfawGeYJ tptqH;k topf
jzpfaom xkwfvkyfykH enf;
vrf;awG vdktyfygw,f/

electro-optic modulator
tm; multi-core CPU

twGi;f 0ifqahH tmif csKUH ,lEidk f

r,fhenf;vrf;udk IBM rS
&SmazGawGY&cdS w
hJ m[m wu,fh
azmufxGufatmifjrifrIMuD;
jzpfygw,f/ pGr;f tifo;kH pGrJ eI YJ
tylxw
k v
f w
T rf u
I kd MuD;rm;pGm
jzwfawmufavQmhcsay;r,f/
,aeY dual- core eJY quadcore t&G , f chip wpf c k
wnf;ay:rSm core aygif; &m
axmif c sD 0if q H h v mr,f /
Optical modulators u

GOOGLE GMAIL rSm AOL &JU AIM aygi;f pyfxnfo

h iG ;f
Google [m AOL &JU
a&yef;pm; vloHk;rsm;vSwJh
AIM instant- messaging
service udk if;&JU 0ufbf
tajcjyK tD;ar;vf client
wpfckjzpfaom Gmail xJ

aygif;pyfxnfhoGif;ay;vm
w,f/ 2006 ckESpf azazmf
0g&D v uwnf ; u tcrJ h
ay;urf;cJw
h hJ Gmail + Gtalk
0efaqmifrIudk urmwpf0ef;
vHk;omru uRefawmfwdkYqD
rSmvnf; us,fus,fjyefYjyefY
pGJrufpGm oHk;pGJMuw,f/ ,ck
tcgrSm Gmail users awG
[m Gmail Web page rS
chat drop-down menu
uaejyD; AIM udk a&G;cs,f

100

uGefysLwm*sme,f

qufoG,f
EkdifpGrf; &Sd
vmr,f/
AIM
contact eJY
Gmail
chat wd k Y

[m wlnD
wJh menu
tay:rS m
twlwl &SdaeMur,f/ olwdkY
qDrSm kkwfjcnf; owif;wdk
ydkYvTwfjcif; IM udk vkyfief;
cGiftqifhxd tav;teuf
tonf;toef oHk;pGJMuol
rsm;&JU 75 &mckid Ef eI ;f u AIM
'grS r [k w f AIM enterprise product udk oHk;Mu

w,fvdkY qdkw,f/ 'gaMumifh

ck aygif;pyf oHk;pGJvmEdkifrIu
enf;enf;aemaem udpMuD;
r[kwfyg/ Gmail user awG
[m rdwfaqGawG? rdom;pk
awG? vkyfazmfukdifzufawGeJY
enf;vrf;wpfcx
k ufyjkd yD; yd
k
us,fjyefYpGm ajymqdk quf
oG,fvmEkdifMuygawmhr,f/

uGeyf sLwmtbd"mef

rsm;tjzpf udk,fpm;jyKonfh
t&mtm;vHk; yg0ifonfh tkyfpktjynfhtpHkwpfck jzpfonf/
Character set wGif
tu&mpmvHk;rsm;
binary digit rsm; jzpfMuonfh 0 ESifh 1 rsm;
morse code wGif toHk;jyKonfh singal twGJ tjynfhtpHk
ASCII character 128 vHk;wdkY yg0ifMuonf/
a,bk,stm;jzifh character set wpfckonf pmvHk;rsm;?
*Pef;rsm; punctuation mark rsm;ESifh uGefysLwm odkYr[kwf
peripheral rsm;u rSwfrdtoHk;jyKEkdifonfh oauFwrsm;ukd
&nfTef;onf/ Set wpfcktwGif;rS character toD;oD;udk
single byte jzifh uk,
d pf m;jyKEdik o
f nfh numeric code wpfco
k Ykd
0 rS 225 txd code vkyfxm;aom character rSm trsm;qHk;
256 vHk;txd &SdcGifhjyKonf/
toHk;trsm;qHk; coding pepfrSm American Standard
Code for Information Interchange odkYr[kwf ASCII jzpf
onf/ ]]Standard}} [kac:onfh ASCII onf byte wpfcpk \
D
yxr 7 bit ukdom toHk;jyKonf/ 0 rS 127 txd character
128 vHk;ygaom range udk owfrSwfjy|mef;onf/ IBM PC
ESifh Mecintosh architercture ESpfckpvHk;wGif standard
r[kwfaom tydk character 128 vHk;udk 128 rS 255 txd
extended ASCII character set wpfcktjzpf owfrSwf
jy|mef;xm;onf/ rnfokdYqkdapumrl map vkyfxm;onfh
character tppfrsm;onf platfrom ESpfcktMum; (IBM ESifh
Macintosh tMum;) twkdif;twm BuD;BuD;rm;rm; uGJjym;
jcm;em;rI &Sdonf/
yHkpHcsif;wlaomfvnf; qufET,frIr&Sdonfh coding pepf
wpf&yfrmS EBCDLC (Extended Binary Coded Decimal
Interchange Code) jzpfonf/ tufbfqD;'pf[k toHxGuf
onf/ EBCDLC onf ppfreS o
f nfh 8 bit coding pepfwpfck
jzpfNyD; tajccHtm;jzifh IBM rdef;z&drf uGefysLwmrsm;ESifh
,if;wkYdEiS q
hf ufo,
G o
f nfh ud&,
d mrsm;Mum;wGif awGU&S&d onf/
,if;wkdYESifhqufoG,fonfh oabmw&m;wpf&yfrSm
symbol set jzpfonf/ ,if;udk owfowfrSwfrSwf toHk;csrI
wpf&yfjzpfatmif yHkoGif;Ekdifonfh uGefysLwm\ tajccH
character set . Character

tajymif;tvJwpf&yftjzpf IjrifEkdifonf/
toH;k trsm;qH;k erlem wpf&yftaejzihf (t*Fvyd f r[kwo
f nh)f
EkdifiHjcm;bmompum; oauFw set wpfckukd Oyrm MunhfI
Ekdifonf/ ,if; symbol set wGif set \ punctuation
rsm;tm;vHk; yg0ifMuonf/ odkYaomfvnf; pufukdtoHk;jyKrnfh
EkdifiHESifh oifhawmfatmif aiGaMu;oauFw? av,lavodrf;
ygonfho&rsm; ponfwkdYukdvnf; tpm;xkd; xnfhoGif;xm;
onf/ Symbol set rsm;udk Internation Standards Organization u owfrSwfjy|mef;NyD; ISO57 uJhodkY standard
designtional rsm; yl;wGJowfrSwfay;xm;wwfonf/ uGefysL
wmtoHk;csrIrSm urm&yf&yfwGif wkd;wuf rsm;jym;vmjcif;
aMumifh uGJjym;jcm;em;onfh symbol rsm; aemufxyfzefwD;zkdY
vkdtyfvmaponf/ odkYjzifh xHk;xrf;pOfvmt& 8 bit coding
pepfrsm; jynfhpHkvHkavmufrI r&Sdawmhay/ vuf&SdtcsdefwGif
symbol set tajymif;tvJrsm;pGmudk vkyfaqmifvsuf&Sdonf/
character set

ASCII Character Set

azazmf0g&?D 2008 101

uGeyf sLwmtbd"mef
change directory. DOS wGif rdr\
d zkid rf sm;ukd pkpnf;&ef
disk wpfckay:wGif directory rsm;udk zefwD;Ekdifonf/
ay;xm;onfh directory rsm; (rdwLul;yg? azsmufzsufyg?

a&GUvsm;aepOf rifwHwpfacsmif;u b,fnma&GUvsm;jcif;jzifh

*&yfyHkrsm; a&;qGJonf/ Plotter ESifh EIdif;,SOfMunfhyg/

zkdifukda&TUyg ponf) xJwGif&Sdonfh zkdifwpfckESifh tvkyf vkyf

vkdonhftcgwGifrl trdefY (command) ukd oHk;NyD; ,if;
directory odkY ajymif;vJ&onf/

chassis. uGey
f sLwmwpfv;kH \owKz&deaf bmifudk ac:onf/
Chassis owKtcGHxJwGif motherboard, power supply
unit, disk driver tp&SdonfwkdYukd csdwfquf xnfhoGif;

cd \ directory
md \ directory
rd \ directory
ae&mwGif cd \ onf change directory odkY command ay;jcif; jzpfonf/ Diretcory qko
d nfrmS rdrad jymif;a&TU
aqmif&Guf vdkonfh directory jzpfonf/
md \ directory onf make directory, rd \ directory
onf remove directory twGuf command rsm; jzpfMu
onf/ Directory wpfckudk z,f&Sm;jcif; rjyKrD? twGif;&Sd
memory directory zki
d rf sm; memeory sub-directory rsm;udk

xm;&Sdonf/

t&ifqHk; &Sif;vif;ypf&onf/

check box. ydk*&rfrsm;pGmwGif message rsm;udk azmfjyNyD;

tydkowif;tcsuftvufrsm; xyfjznfhay;&ef rdrdtm;
awmif;cHonfh dialog box rsm;udk MuHKawGYz;l vdrrfh nf/ Dialog
box wGif check box option rsm; okdYr[kwf radiobutton
option rsm; okdYr[kwf ,if; option ESpfrsKd;vHk; yg0ifaeEkdif
Muonf/ Radio-button option jzifhqkdygu tkyfpkwpfckxJrS
option wpfcu
k o
kd m a&G;cs,Ef idk o
f nf/ tjcm; option wpfcu
k dk
a&G;cs,fvdkufonfhtcgwGif vuf&Sda&G;cs,fxm;onfh option
rSm ab;z,fNyD;om; jzpfoGm;onf/ Check box option rsm;
jzifh tqkdygtkyfpkxJrS option rsm;ukd wpfckxufykd a&G;cs,f
Ekid o
f nf/ Option wpfcu
k kd a&G;cs,v
f u
dk o
f nft
h cgbox xJwiG f
X odYk r[kwf ppfaq;rItrSwt
f om;wpfck ay:vmonf/ ,if;
tcsufu option zGifhxm;aMumif; Tefjyonf/ Option udk
ydwf&ef option udk jyefNyD; a&G;cs,f&onf/

change drive. IBM ESiw

hf pJG yf toH;k jyKEkid af om uGeyf sLwm
rsm;wGif disk drvie wpfck odkYr[kwf wpfckxufykd yg&Sd
Muonf/ Drive wpfckpDonf disk wpfckrS owif; tcsuf

tvufrsm;udk zwfIEkdifonf/ odkYjzpf rdrd\uGefysLwmrS

owif;tcsuftvuf rsm;udk tqifhqifh toHk;csEkdifNyD; ,if;
owif;tcsuftvufrsm;jzifh tvkyfvkyf&vmonf/ Disk
wpfckay:rS ydk*&rfwpfckjzifh tvkyfrvkyfrD odkYr[kwf disk
ay:&Sd zkdifwpfckudk rzGihfrD dirve udk disk &So
d nfah e&mudk t&if
a&TUajymif;ay;&onf/ (txufwiG f azmfjycJo
h vdyk if directory
rsm;udkvnf; ajymif;vJxm;Ekdifonf/) DOS wGif atmufwGif
azmfjyxm;onfh command udk dkufESdyfNyD; Ender udk dkufESdyf
jcif;jzifh drive rsm;udk ajymif;vJEkdifonf/

tif w meuf a y:wG i f

tjcm;aomolrsm;ESifh message
udk avmavmvwfvwf tjyef
tvSefay;ydkY vufcHqufoG,f
jcif; jzpfonf/ xkdvkyfaqmif
csuf &&S d & ef t wG u f txl ;
aqmhzf0JwpfrsKd; vdktyfonf/
chat.

d:

ae&mwGif d onf drive twGuf pmvHk;jzpfonf/

,if;aemufrS ]] : }} ukd xnfhay;&onf/ A pmvHk;onf yxr
floppy disk drive udk udk,fpm;jyKonf/ (oif\ uGefysLwm
wGif floppy drive ESpfck &Sdygu) B onf 'kwd, floppy
hard drive udk ukd,fpm;jyKonf/ C onf yxr hard drive
udk ukd,fpm;jyKonf/ D, E, F ponfjzifh tykd drives rsm;
twGuf toHk;jyKEkdifonf/ (path udk Munfhyg/)
rSwfwrf;wifud&d,mwpfckjzpfonf/
atmufbuf&Sd pm&Gufwpf&Gufu vm;&mwpfzuftwkdif;

chart recorder .

102

uGefysLwm*sme,f

check digit. udef;*Pef;wpfck\ rl&if; digit rsm;rSae

wGucf sux
f m;onfh tykd digit wpfcjk zpfNyD; ,if;ude;f *Pef;\

aemuf qH;k ae&mwGif xm;&So

d nf/ vufjzifjh zpfap? vQypf pfBudK;
jzifjh zpfap tcsut
f vufrsm; vTaJ jymif;ay;aepOfwiG f tajymif;
tvJrsm; vHk;0rjzpfay:aMumif; twnfjyK&ef toHk;jyKonf/
,if; digit onf BudKwifqHk;jzwfx;onfh udef;*Pef;wpfck
jzifh pm;xm; &&Sdaom digit uJhokdY dk;kkd;wGufcsuf&&Sdaom
&v'fwpfcv
k nf; jzpfEidk o
f nf/ xkYd aemuf rl&if; ude;f *Pef;\
aemufq;kH xm;&S&d rnfh digit udk wGucf su&f ef t<uif; rSeo
f rQ
udk toHk;jyKonf/ Oyrmtm;jzifh pm;udef; 7 udk toHk;jyKNyD;

uGeyf sLwmtbd"mef
63360 twGuf check digit udk &Smrnfqkdygu
63360
7
rSae t<uif; 3 &&So
d nf/ okYd jzifh 3 ausmfonfu
h ed ;f wpfcck u
k kd
7 jzifh pm; jywfonf[k TefjyEkdif&ef tqHk;wGif tydk digit
4 udk xnfhvkdufonfhtcg 7 jzifh pm;rnfqkdygu t<uif;
r&Sdawmhay/ odkYjzpf 63360 udk 633604 tjzpf code
vkyfvkdufonf/ 4 onf check digit jzpfonf/ ppfaq;NyD;

onfah emufwiG f ude;f *Pef;ukd twGut

f csuw
f pfct
k wGuf
toH;k jyKrnfqydk gu 4 ukd jzKwfypf&rnf/ okYdaomfvnf; tpdwf
tydkif;wpfck odkYr[kwf oPmefwltTef;udef;jzpfaeygu
xkd 4 udk xnfx
h m;Ekid o
f nf/ Code vkyx
f m;onfh *Pef;wkid ;f
onf (rSefuefonfh*Pef; a&;oGif;xm;ygu) pm;udef;jzifh
pm;ygu t<uif;r&Sd jywf&rnf/ qnDued ;f jyKxm;onfh check
digit (weighted check digit) uJo
h Ydk ydrk kd yI af xG;onfh twGuf
tcsufrsm;udkvnf; toHk;jyKEkdifonf/ ae&mwGif udef;
*Pef;ukd aygif;jcif;? pm;jcif;? code vkyfjcif;rjyKrD rnfuJhodkY
ajrmuf&rnfudk udef;*Pef;twGif;&Sd digit toD;oD;\ tae
txm;u qHk;jzwfonf/ odkYjzifh udef;*Pef;trSm;rsm; xnfh
oGif;rdrnfh tE&m,fudk aemufxyf avsmhenf;oGm;aponf/
(weighted check digit wGif Munfhyg/)
check sum. trSm;&SmazGonfh enf;vrf;wpf&yfjzpfonf/
Modem qufoG,fa&;wGif &Hzef&Hcg toHk;jyKonf/ ,if;enf;

vrf;t& ay;ydkYonfhtcsuftvufrsm;ESifh vufcH&&Sdonfh

tcsuftvufrsm;udk EIid ;f ,SONf yD; tcsuftvufrsm; zvS,&f m
wGif ysufpD; xdcdkufrI &Sd r&Sd qHk;jzwfonf/ tcsuftvuf
ay;ydYk onfh uGeyf sLwmonf tcsuftvuf,el pfwpfcx
k rJ S bit
ta&twGufukd aygif;ay;NyD; pkpkaygif;ta&twGufukd check
sum wpfcx
k w
J iG f odr;f qnf;ay;onf/ Check sum qko
d nf
rSm tcsuftvufrsm;\ tydk ]]pum;vHk;}} wpfck jzpfonf/
vufcHonfh uGefysLwmwGif tcsuftvuf,lepfxJrS bit
ta&twGufudk aygif;NyD; pkpkaygif;ta&twGufukd check
sum ESifh wkdufqkdifppfaq;onf/ pkpkaygif;ta&twGuf trSef
ESihf check sum ta&twGuf udu
k n
f jD cif;r&Syd gu vufco
H nfh
uGefysLwmu ay;ydkYonfh uGefysLwmtm; tcsuftvufrsm;
aemufwpfMudrf xyfydkY&ef awmif;qkdonf/ (parity bit ESifh
stop bit udk Munfhyg/)
child. Disk wpfcak y:rS sub-directory wpfct
k m; &nfneT ;f
&mwGif oH;k avho;kH x&So
d nf/ wpfcgwpf&w
H iG f root directory

udk parent directory [k ac:NyD; sub-directory udk child

[k ac:Muonf/
child window. t"du main window twGif;wGif azmfjy
aom window ti,fav;udk ac:onf/ Oyrm font udk
ajymif;vJ&mwGif odkYr[kwf spelling check jyKvkyf&mwGif
a&G;cs,fEkdifaom option rsm;udk child window jzifh azmfjy

Ekdifonf/
chip. pkaygif;"mwfpD;ywfvrf;udk ac:qkdonfh emrnfwpfck
jzpfonf/ Chip udk qDvu
D eG yf akH qmifcJ odYkr[kwf tjcm;ypn;f

rsm;jzifh jyKvkyx
f m;onf/ wlnaD omvkyif ef;rsm; aqmif&u
G &f ef
tDvufx&Gefepf tpdwftydkif;rsm; (x&efppwm? &Dppwm
ponf) ukd &mvdkuf?axmifvdkuf? oef;vkduf yHkpHjyK xkwfvkyf
xm;onfhypnf; jzpfonf/ ]BuD;rm;onfh} chip wpfckonf
rdrdwdkY\ vufonf;tcGHt&G,f &SdEkdifonf/ Chip rsm;onf
tvGeaf o;i,fNyD; tvGef tpGr;f aumif;aomaMumifh ,cktcsed f
wG i f uG e f y sLwm
xk w f v k y f o l r sm;
onf pm;yJw
G pfv;kH
ay: wifxm;Ekdif
aom od k Y r [k w f
vufqJG om;a&
td w f w pf v H k ; xJ
xnfhoGif;xm;Ekdif
aom pG r f ; yum;
aumif;onfh
uGefysLwmrsm;ukd
xkwfvkyfEkdifMuNyD
jzpfygonf/
chooser. (1) Mac \ vkyfaqmifrIpepf (System) jzifh
Apple Computer u jznfhqnf;ay;onfh Macintosh
desktop accessory (DA) wpfck jzpfonf/ Chooser onf
printer jzifh qufoG,fa&;udk xdef;csKyfonfh ykd*&rfrsm;
jzpfonfh printer driver rsm;udk pDrHtkyfcsKyfonf/ Chooser
onf System floder xJwGif wyfqifxm;onfh printer
drive rsm;\ icon rsm;udk azmfjyonf/
DOS application ESifh Macintosh vkyfaqmifrIpepf
tMum; t"dujcm;em;rIrSm Macintosh u Mac application wkdif;ESifh tvkyfvkyfonfh printer driver rsm;udk jznfh

azazmf0g&?D 2008 103

uGeyf sLwmtbd"mef
qnf;ay;jcif;yif jzpfonf/ Mac \ OD;aqmifraI emufyikd ;f wGif
Microsoft Window onf ,if;\ graphical user interface (GUI) \ tm;omrIudk &,ltoHk;jyK&ef 'DZkdif;xkwfxm;
onfh ydk*&rftm;vHk;twGuf printer driver rsm;udk jznfh
qnf;ay;onf/
(2) Network device rsm;udk toHk;jyK&mwGif odkYr[kwf
Apple Talk uGe&
f ufay:wGif qufo,
G &f mwGif ,if;uGe&f uf
tquftoG,frsm;udk set up vkyf&mwGifvnf; chooser udk
toHk;jyKonf/
circular reference. pm&if;Z,m; ydk*&rfwpfckwGif
tuGuf A1, A2, ESifh A3 \ pkpkaygif;wefzkd;udk tuGuf A4

xJwGif dkufESdyf&vdrfhrnf/ wGufcsuf&mwGif yHkaoenf;onf

,if;\udk,fydkif cell address udk toHk;jyKygu ,if;wGif
circular reference wpfck yg0ifaeonf/
Oyrm tuGuf A4 xJwGif A1 + A2 + A3 + A4 [k
du
k Ef ydS v
f u
kd yf gu circular reference wpfcu
k kd zefw;D NyD;om;
jzpfomG ;onf/ pm&if;Z,m;yd*k &rfu &v'fukd wGucf suo
f nfh
tcgwGif trSm;wpf&yf Tefjyvmvdrfhrnf/
tcsKdUpm&if;Z,m; ydk*&rfrsm;wGif circular reference
udk BudKwif&nf&G,fcsufjzifh toHk;jyKwwfMuonf/ Oyrm
tBudrfukdvdkuf wdk;yGm;vmrnfh wkd;yGm;rIudk qHk;jzwfonfh
tcgrsKd;wGif yHkaoenf;u wGufcsufay;apvdkonfh tBudrf
ta&twGufudk owfrSwfay;&onf/ xkduJhodkY owfrSwfray;
ygu pm&if;Z,m; ydk*&rfonf yHkaoenf;udk wpfoufvHk;
qufwGufay;aevdrhfrnf/
CISC. Complex Instruction Set Computer udk Munfy
h g/

yvwfpwpf odkYr[kwf zkdifbmuwfjym;

wpfcsyf jzpfonf/ ,if;tay:wGif tDvufx&Gef;epf tpdwf

circuit board.

104

uGefysLwm*sme,f

tydik ;f rsm; qufo,

G w
f yfqifxm;onf/ Circuit board onf
tDvufx&Gefepfypnf;rsm;ukd pkaygif;xm;onfh ,lepfwpfck
jzpfjcif;aMumifh oD;jcm;tpdwftydkif;wpfckpDudk wyfqif&ef
rvdkawmhbJ board udk vsifjrefpGm wyfqifEkdifonf/
clear. ausmufoifye
k ;f BuD;wpfcsyfay:rS ajrjzLrsm;udk zsufypf

ovkyd if uGeyf sLwmrSw

f PfrS rSww
f rf;wpfcu
k kd z,f&mS ;jcif;
odYk r[kwf zefom;jyifay:wGif azmfjyxm;onfh owif; tcsuf
tvufrsm;ukd z,f&Sm;jcif;udkac:onf/ odkYjzpf vkyfief;opf
wpfck pwif&ef ae&mopfrsm; &&Sdaponf/ Clear command
udk C:prompt wGif cls [k twkdaumufESdyfjcif;jzifh toHk;jyK
&onf/
click. Mouse TefwHukd t&m0wKwpfckay:odkY a&TUay;NyD;
mouse udkra&TUbJ mouse button udk wpfBudrfzdESdyfNyD;
jyefvTwfay; jcif;udk ac:onf/ a,bk,stm;jzifh character
odkYr[kwf object odkYr[kwf command wpfckudk a&G;cs,f&ef
click vkyfay;&onf/ Command wpfck aqmif&Gufap&ef
command ay:wGif click ESpfBudrfjyKvkyf&onf/ (mouse
button udk zdjcif;? vTwfjcif; ESpfBudrf jrefjref jyKvkyfay;&

onf/)
client. (1) Network wpfckwGif uGefysLwmrsm;onf client
tjzpfvnf;aumif; server tjzpfvnf;aumif; aqmif&Guf
ay;Ekid Mf uonf/ rdrd tvkyv
f yk af eaom uGeyf sLwmonf client
jzpfonf/ Server qkdonfrSm client qDokdY owif; tcsuf

tvufrsm; jznfhqnf;ay;aom A[kduGefysLwmjzpfonf/

(,if;wGif Bu;D rm;onfh disk drive wpfck tjrw
J rf;yg&So
d nf/)
uGefysLwmtoHk;jyKolu tcsuftvufrsm; awmif;cH&ef
command wpfck dkufESdyfvkdufwkdif; server u ,if;tcsuf
tvufrsm;udk jznhfqnf;ay;onf/
(2) Client / server zGJUpnf; wnfaqmufyHk\ client
tpdwftydkif;jzpfonf/ xHk;xrf;pOfvmtm;jzifh client wpfck
onf personal computer od k Y r[k w f workstation
wpfcak y:wGif run onfh application wpfcjk zpfonf/ Operation tcsKdUudk aqmif&Guf&mwGif server wpfckukd tm;ukd;
&onf/ Oyrmtm;jzifh email client wpfckonf email
ay;ydkYvufcHEkdifatmif pGrf;aqmifay;onfh application wpfck
jzpfonf/
qufvufazmfjyygrnf/

0ufbq
f u
dk ftnTe;f

pdw0f ifpm;zG,&f m jrefrm WEBSITE rsm;

yGifhyGifhvif;vif; 0efcH&&if uRefawmfwdkY[m enf; ynm vufa0cH tqifhawmifrS ra&mufao;ygbl;/

ukrPDMuD;wpfckuae enf;ynmudk vdkifpifcsay;vdkY tJ'D enf;ynmtwkdif; ukeftrSwf wHqdyfudkyg oHk;pGJjyD;
a&mif;0,f azmufum;EkdifwJh tqifh[m ]enf;ynmvufa0cH} tqifh jzpfygw,f/ ,ck xifay:ausmfMum;aewJh
]tm&Susm;} awG&JU a&aomufjrpfudk avhvmvdkufr,fqdk&if tJ'DvdkrsKd;yJ awGY&ygvdrfhr,f/
'gaMumifhvJ uRefawmfwdkY[m jref
rm website awGudk wul;wu 0if
a&muf ravhvmjzpfwmudk 0efcHcsifyg
w,f/ 'gayr,fh tckaetcgrSmawmh
avhvmHkwifrubJ twk,l&r,fh jref
rm web pmrsuEf mS awG trsm;tjym; ay:
xGuv
f mcJw
h m tHMh o0rf;omvGe;f pGm awGY
cJh&ygw,f/ b,folurS wckwfw&
ravhvmcsifwJh jrefrm website awG&JU
t"du tm;enf;csufuawmh 'active'
rjzpfwmygyJ/ qdkygpdkY/ ]rif;orD;} wpf
a,muf website wifr,fqdkjyD; wif
vkdufygava&m? jyD;awmh oluvnf;
[dkdkufuGif;oGm; 'DdkufuGif;oGm;eJY tJ'D
pmrsufESmMuD;[mvnf; web pmrsufESm
yDopGmeJYyJ yifhulrQifawGyg wufvdkY/
tJ ' D v d k r sKd ; um,uH & S i f a wG u
tav;teufrxm;MuwJhtcgrSm webmaster awGuvnf; taMumif;trsKd;
rsKd;aMumifh update jznfhqnf;ray;Ekdif

awmhMuygbl;/ tJ'Dvdkenf;eJYyJ jrefrm

web awG[m wjznf;jznf; vIyf&Sm;
touf0ifrI uif;rJhvmcJh&wmyJ jzpfyg
w,f/ tckawmh tJ'DtjzpfawGeJY qefY
usifbuf qefvGef;vSwJh pmrsufESmawG
tpDt&D zl;yGiv
hf mcJMh uw,f/ wcsKUd jrefrm
website awGqdk&if jrefrmtaMumif;
owif;awG update wifvdkYom ]jrefrm
web} rSef; odcJh&wmyg/ EdkYrdkYqdk&ifawmh
Ekid if w
H umrSm&Sw
d hJ ynm&Siaf wG a&;om;
xm;ovm;vdkY xif&avmufatmifudk
'DZdkif;tjyiftqifawGutp cspfp&m
aumif ; vG e f ; vS c snf h & J U / enf ; ynm
twGuf ta&;MuD;wJh umvwpfckrSm
kyf0wKypnf; csKdUwJh&Smayr,fh ukd,fhrSm
&SdwJh wwforQ rSwforQav;awGeJY
tqifhrD web page awG jzpfvmaezdkY
MudK;pm;EkdifcJhMuwmudkawmh tjynfht0
*kPf,lrdygw,f/

SEARCH ENGINE
http://www.mmseek.com

Google custom search engine

twdtus oHk;pGJjyD; search engine

udk
wpfckudk atmifjrifatmif wnfaqmuf
xm;EkdifcJhygw,f/ google engine [m
tar&dutajcpkduf taumif;qHk; search engine wpfckjzpfayr,fh wpfcg
wavrSm udk,fvdkcsifwJh tcsuftvuf
awG &SmazG&if ]aMumifawmifawmif} awG
vkyfaewwfygw,f/ tJ'DvdktcgrsKd;rSm
MMseek [m jrefrmykdif engine wpfck
jzpfwJh jrefrmawGeJYywfoufwJh owif;
rsKd;pHkudk &&SdEkdifygvdrfhr,f/

azazmf0g&?D 2008 105

0ufbq
f u
dk ftnTe;f
w,f/ user wpfa,muftwGuf tzdk;
wef enf;ynmtultnDeYJ ywfoufjyD;
awmh trsm;tjym;&&SdEkdifwJh ae&mwpfck
yg/

http://www.sharbar.net

]&Smyg} vdkY t"dym,f&wJh website

jzpfygw,f/ ay:xGuv
f mwm odyrf Mum
ao;ayr,f h oH k ; pG J & wm jref q ef w J h
twGuf oabmusrdygw,f/ txl;
ojzifh vSywJh homepage [m user
awGudk qGJaqmifEkdifpGrf; tjynfht0&Sdae
jyD; database udk tcsdefay;jyD; wnf
aqmufcJhyHk&wmudk result rSm awGYEkdifyg
w,f/

apmif h M u nf h & ef
http://search.mymyanmar.
net

Php eJY Mysql udk wul;wu

avhvmvku
d pf m;vdo
k al wGtwGuf wefz;kd
&SdwJh oifcef;pmawG? coding vrf;nTef
jyorIawGeJYtwl programming ynm
&yfudk pl;prf;avhvmaewJh vli,fwkdif;
avhvmMunfo
h ifw
h hJ pmrsuEf mS wpfck jzpf
ygw,f/ Forum wnfaqmufay;xm;
vkdY tvG,fwulyJ udk,fvdkcsifwJh tul
tnDawGudk tzGJY0ifawG tcsif;csif;
tajz&Sm wkdifyifvdkY &Ekdifygw,f/

http://www.sixblade.net

TUTORIAL

uGefysLwm*sme,f

http://www.mmblogs.net

tifwmeufxrJ mS tcrJh &Ekid w

f hJ
ebook awGtrsm;tjym;&Sy
d gw,f/wcsKdU

pmtkyfawG[m ausmif;om;ausmif;ol
awGtwGuf tvGeftzdk;wefayr,fh r&Sm
azGEkdifbl; jzpfaecJh&if "MMblogs" udk
0if a &muf M unf h E k d i f y gw,f / tvG e f
&Sm;yg;wJh programming ebook awG
upvdkY wjcm; upload wifxm;wJh
enf;ynmpmtkyfawGyg wpfyHkwpfyif &
Ekdifygw,f/ tvG,fwul 'download'
csEkdifwJh site awGudkyg link csdwfay;
xm;wJhtwGuf aus;Zl;wifp&myg/
http://www.foreverspace
.com.mm

http://blog.mghla.com

106

wm[m odyfaumif;ygw,f/ 'grSvnf;

pmtkycf spfwhJ tzGYJ 0ifawG[m tcsif;csif;
wkdifyifaqG;aEG;&if; A[kokwawGudk ESD;
aESmzvS,fEkdifMurSm jzpfygw,f/ jrefrm
vli,fawGtwGuf A[kokw &apr,fh
pmtkyfpmwrf;awG trsm;tjym;udk server rSm xdef;odrf;ay;xm;ygw,f/

http://www.phpmyanmar.com

apmif h M u nf h & ef

rEav;om;awGtwGuf *kPf,l
p&m taMumif;t&mtrsm;tjym; &SdwJh
txJrmS ]armifv}S [m *kP,
f cl iG hf topf
wpfck jzpfygw,f/ ol&JUweb rSm wjcm;
taMumif;t&mawG trsKd;tpHk yg&Sday
r,fh t"duuawmh olwwfajrmufxm;
wJh ynm&yfawGudk q&mpm;rcsefbJ jyef
vnf a0rQay;aewJhtwGuf tutorial
subject xJudk xnfhoGif; a&G;cs,fcJhyg

community oabm ydkrdk touf0ifae

forever

EBOOK
http://www.myanmarelibra
ry.com

topfxGufay:vmwJh elibrary
[m online pmMunfhwkdufqdkwmxuf

uawmh tcrJh? tcay;

0ufbq
f u
dk ftnTe;f
ESpfrsKd;pvHk;twGuf ebook awGukd wnf
aqmufxm;ygw,f/

apmif h M u nf h & ef
http://www.all-channel.com
http://www.swanbros.blogspot.com/2005/11/freemyanmar-ebooks.html

COMPUTER BUYING

a&mif;cswJh uGefysLwmeJY tydkypnf;awG

&JU aps;EIef;awGeJY new product awGudk
wpfae&mwnf;rSm tpHktvif&&SdEkdifwJh
tjyif qkdifvdyfpmawGeJY uGefysLwm
ukrPDawG&JU contact address awGudk
yg xnfhoGif; ay;tyfxm;ygao;w,f/

apmif h M u nf h & ef
http:// www. luckybird.myanmar.com

a&Smif&ef tMuHay; vrf;nTefrIawGudk

azmfjyxm;ygw,f/ uGefysLwm skill
taeeJYvnf; jrefrmjynfwGif;rSm&SdwJh
KMD, Informatics, Ocean Gate pwJh
oifwef;MuD;awGeJY oifMum;aewJh programme awGudkyg azmfjyxm;jyD; udk&D;
,m; wuodkvfudk p&dwfjidrf; ynmoif
qk avQmufxm;EkdifzdkY udp& yfawGutp
azmfjyxm;ygw,f/

http://www.alpha.com.mm

http://www.cetana.com

uGefysLwm wpfvHk;pmudk 0,f,lzdkY

twGuf uk,
d rhf mS &Sw
d ahJ iGaMu;eJY ravmuf
ri jzpfaewmudk pdk;&GHUaep&m rvdkawmh
yg/ 'Alpha' &JU caculate machine
eJYonline ay:rSm wGucf suv
f Ykd&ygw,f/
'DaeYtaumif;qHk;qdkwJh ypnf;awGudk
xnfhoGif;ay;xm;wJhtwGuf tvG,f
wul wGufcsufjyD; tajz&SmEkdifrSmyg/
"Alpha" taeeJY wcsKdUrvdc
k sifwyhJ pn;f
awGudk ab;z,fxm;EkdifwJh "None"
button wpf c k e J Y aps;EI e f ; awG u d k
"update" vkyfay;EkdifrIudkomxnfhoGif;
vkdufr,fqdk&if taumif;qHk;vrf;nTef
jzpfoGm;rSm aocsmygw,f/

]apwem} vdkY trnf&SdwJh website

[m jrefrmvli,fawGtwGuf ]ynmoif
qk} awG &&SdEkdifr,fh tcGifhtvrf;awGeJY
enf;vrf;awGudk ulnD vrf;nTefay;yg
w,f/ ausmif;wpfck&JU scholarship
avQmufwJhae&mrSm vdktyfwJh tcsuf
tvufawGudk online ay:rSm tao
tcsm a&;om;jyoay;Ho
k mrubJ offline taeeJYyg tcuftcJ&v
dS Ykd tultnD
wpfpw
kH pf&mvdck &hJ if qufo,
G Ef idk af tmif
wduswJh vdyfpmawG ay;xm;ygw,f/
wu,fvdkY ukd,f[m 'scholarship
gramme' udk pdwf0ifpm;&ifawmh 'cetana' eJY qufoG,frSudk jzpfrSmyg/

http://www.myanmarcompu
termarket.com

'DZkdif;topfudk jyefvnf jyifqif

vku
d w
f hJ myanmar computer market
[m user awGtzdkY tm;udk;tm;xm;jyK
Ekid pf &m tcsuftvufawG trsm;tjym;
pkaqmif;xm;ygw,f/ 'DaeY &efukefrSm

EDUCATION
http://www.studying-singa
pore.com

pifumylEkdifiHrSm ausmif;oGm;wuf
zdkYtwGuf bmawGvdktyfygovJ/ b,f
vdk ynmt&nftcsi;f ? rnfonfh axmuf
cHcsuf? touft&G,f twkid ;f twmawG
eJY ausmif;awG&UJ vdypf m? wnfae&mawG
upvdYk vli,fawGtwGuf wefz;kd t&Sq
d ;kH
ynma&;0efaqmifrIwebsite jzpfyg
w,f/ 'D website udk taotcsm avh
vmxm;r,fqdk&if pifumylwifrubJ
wjcm;EkdifiHawGrSmyg ausmif;wufzdkY
pkdif;jyif;aewJh ynmoifawGtwGuf
tvGefaumif;rGefwJh tMuHay; Mo0g'
awGeJY aqmif&ef? a&Smif&efawG tjynfh
tpHk&Sdaeygw,f/
http://www.myanmartrain
ing.com

pifumyl? MopaMw;vs? rav;&Sm;?

t*Fvef? ,d;k ',m;pwJh Ekid if aH wGukd ynm
oifoGm;r,fh vlawGtwGuf aqmif&ef?

apmif h M u nf h & ef
http://www.studyingmalaysia.com/ http://
www.thanlwinsoft.org/

COMMUNITY
http:// www.planet.com.

jrefrm website awGxrJ mS vl Munfh

trsm;qHk; portal wpfck jzpfygw,f/
Community website jzpfwJhtwGuf
tzGJY0ifawG tcsif;csif; csdwfqufjyD;
rdwfaqGzGJYwmupvdkY online urm&JU
tESpfom&rSeforQudk &&Sd cHpm;Ekdifyg
w,f/ 'planet' &JU taumif;qHk;eJY rlykdif
u@vdkY ajymqdkvdkY &EkdifwJh pmrsufESm
wpfckuawmh emrnfausmf tEkynm

azazmf0g&?D 2008 107

0ufbq
f u
dk ftnTe;f
http://www.ayinepan.com

Mu,fyGifhawGudk zdwfac:jyD; citizens/

members awGeYJ pum;pjrnfajymqdc
k iG hf
jyKwJh 'live chat' yJjzpfygw,f/ tvGef
vSyjyD; acwfrDwJh zGJYpnf;wnfaqmufyHk
awGaMumifh developer MuD;awGawmifrS
twk,lavh&SdwJh website pmrsufESm
wpfckygyJ/

zwfvdkYaumif;wJh pmrsufESmav;
awG &Sdaer,f/ vSywJh a&aq;yef;csD
um;av;awG e J Y awmawmif o bm0
I c if ; av;awG u d k tajccH x m;wJ h
(vufaqmifydkYzdkY) e-card uav;awG
&Sdaer,f/ El;nHh odrfarGYwJh zGJYpnf;rI
uav; &S d a er,f / tJ ' gqd k & if a wmh
]tdik ;f yef;} ygyJ/ trnfemreJY vku
d zf uf
nDvGef;vSpGm rjyKrjyif obm0twkdif;
&SdaewJh awmdkif;yef;uav;wpfyGifhudk
MunfMunfEl;El; MunfhIae&ovdkrsKd;
cHpm;&&SdoGm;&r,fh ae&muav;wpfck
internet ay:rSm &Sdaeygw,f/

All -channel udk MCC &JU Team

uae wm0ef,la&;om;cJhygw,f/
ay:aygufvmcJw
h m rMumjrifah o;ayr,fh
vSywJh zGYJpnf; wnfaqmufyakH wGaMumifh
wpfrk[kwfcsif; ae&m&vmcJhygw,f/
programming ynm&yfukd pdwy
f g0ifpm;
MuwJh vli,fawG avhvmEkdifzdkYtwGuf
Ebook tcsKdUudk server rSm wifay;xm;
&mrSm download &,lwJhtcgrSm tvGef
jrefqefwmudk awGY&ygw,f/
X

http://

www.phoewa.com

planet vdkrsKd; xGufay:vmae

wJh community website topfwpfck
jzpfwJh ]zdk;0} [m sub categories awG

trsm;tjym;cGjJ cm;xm;ygw,f/ abmvH;k

0goemygolawGtwGuf 'latest news'
udkvnf; azmfjyxm;Ekdifovdk aemif wpf
csed rf mS taumif;qH;k taetxm; a&muf
vmr,fh community web page awG
xJu wpfckyg/

wpfckjzpfygw,f/ tvGefvSyjyD; tqifh

jrif h enf ; ynmud k toH k ; jyKxm;wJ h
twGuf vSyvGef;wmudk awGY&ygr,f/
txJrSm&SdwJh flash chat udk 0ifa&muf
ajymqdkEkdifzdkYtwGuf member register
vkyf&ygvdrfhr,f/ jyD;&if tzGJY0ifawG
tcsi;f csi;f udyk J jzpfap? wjcm;vlawGuykd J
jzpfap e-card vSvSuav;awG ydkYvTwf
Ekdifygao;w,f/

http://www.apytz.com

pifumylrSm ausmif;wufaewJh
vli,fav;awG pkaygif;jyD; zefwD;xm;
wJh ]tjzLa&mifopH Of}vdYktrnf&wJh webpage av;rSm developer awG&UJ profile
awGeJY "mwfyHkawGudkyg azmfjyxm;yg
w,f/ tjzLa&mifoHpOfrSm&SdwJh chat
u@[m tvGefdk;pif;pGm wnfaqmuf
xm;jyD; vli,fawGtcsif;csif; awGYqHk
pum;pjrnfajymqdkvdkY &apygw,f/
enf;ynm tajccH&SdwJh vli,fawGjzpf
wJhtwGuf wjcm; trsm;tjym; xyfrH
ay:xGufvmzdkYudk arQmfvifhaerdygw,f/

www.maung.com

]rI e f a &T & nf } qd k w J h trnf e J Y

"maungcom" qdw
k hJ domain [m twl
wlygyJ/ topfjyefvnfzGJYpnf;xm;wJh
'Maung' [m t&ifuxuf ydkjyD; uspf
vspfvmygw,f/ community qefvS
jyD; Maung.com &JU taumif;qHk;
trademark jzpfwhJ 'flash chat' [m user
awG tzdkY account uav;wpfck wnf
aqmufxm;HkeJY 'flash' eJY wnfaqmuf
xm;wJh chatting page udk 0ifa&muf
jyD; pum;ajymqdck iG &hf Ekid rf mS jzpfygw,f/

108

http://

http://www.flashband.net

flash eJY a&;om;xm;wJh website

http://www.all-channel.com

awGudkvnf; &Ekdifao;wJhtjyif rdrd\

uHZmwm tedrfhtjrifh twuftusudk
&moDcGifeJY csdefMunfhvdkY&wJh aA'ifu@
yg &Sdaeygw,f/

uGefysLwm*sme,f

http://www.shwegifts.com

&nf&G,folav;twGuf bmrsm;
vufaqmifay;csifygovJ/ a&Tvuf

http://www.shwedarling.com

online ay:rSm&Sad ewJh jrefrmvli,f

awG tcsif;csif; awGYqHkEkdifapzdkY wnf
aqmufay;xm;wJh website uav;
wpfcyk g/ jrefrmh,Ofaus;rI taMumif;udk
avhvmoifMum;Ekdifovdk tcrJh ebook

0ufbq
f u
dk ftnTe;f
aqmifuawmh tJ'DvdkrsKd; &SmazGay;vdrfh
r,f r[kwfyg/ 'gayr,fh tzdk;wef
tvkyw
f m0efeYJ ywfoufwhJ owif;awG
eJY tcGifhtvrf;awGudk "Jobs & information" rSm &&SdEkdifjyD; wjcm; aysmf&Tif
zG,f&m [mo? umwGef;AD'D,dk file
awGuv
kd nf; &&SEd idk yf gw,f/ 'ghtjyifrmS
ol[mvnf; community site wpfck
jzpfwJhtwGuf tzGJY0ifawG tcsif;csif;
qufoG,fEkdifygw,f/
http://www.click2myanmar.
com

jrefrmhtEkynm&SifawG&JU &Sm;yg;
"mwfyHkawGeJY owif;awG? wufopfp
Mu,f y G i f h u av;awG u d k ajrawmif
ajrmufay;ae&if; Click 2 myanmar
[m ae&mwpfck &,lxm;EkdifcJhygjyD/

http://www.myanmar-music.
com

]jrefrmh*w
D } vdYk trnfcx
H m;ayr,fh
<u,f0wJh content awGeJY tqifhjrifh
wnfaqmufyHkawGaMumifh vlrIuGef&uf
wpfcek YJ ydjk yD; qifwv
l yS gw,f/ ]OyrmESpfoef; 1000 u jrefrmjynfu wireless enf;ynm? rSwfrdorQ pD;yGm;a&;
[mo} pwJh twdt
k xGmav;awG tjyif
aw;oDcsif;? kyf&Sifrsm;? pum;0kdif;pwm
awGeJY zG,fzG,f&m&m pHkvifvSygw,f/
http://www.yangonow.com/
eng/
jrefrmc&D;oGm; page wpfckjzpfay
r,fh community eJY owif;pmrsufESm

bufudk tav;ay;xm;jyD; &efukefrdY

taMumif;udkvnf; t*FvdyfbmomeJY
zwfIvkdY &apEkdifygr,f/
MUSIC
http://misyou.net

http://www.myanmardotcom.
com

jrefrmh,Ofaus;rI pmrsuEf mS uav;

wpfck jzpfygw,f/ dk;&Sif;vSovdk oyf
&yfwJhtjyif yg0ifwJh content awGu
vnf; user awG tMudKufjzpfygw,f/
Community wpfckr[kwfbJ owif;
web page wpfckomjzpfjyD; b,fbuf
panel rSm wjcm; page awGudk oGm;
a&mufzdkY link awGyg csdwfqufxm;yg
ao;w,f/

tvGe<f u,f0wJh 'DZikd ;f tEkynmudk

homepage rSmwif MunfhIcHpm; &&SdEkdif
ygw,f/ homepage udk pzGizhf iG chf sif;rSm
Mum;&wJh MP3 oDcsif;av;awG[m jidrfh
jidrahf nmif;anmif;eJYt&om&Sjd yD; myanmar oDcsif;awGeYJ MP3 zdi
k af wG em;qif
cHpm;Ekdifygw,f/ xGufay:vmwJh web
page awGxr
J mS 'DZidk ;f tvSq;kH pmrsuEf mS
wpfckvdkYawmifqdkEkdifjyD; organize vkyf
xm;wm[m ndK Uiiftm; tjynft
h 0 &Syd g
w,f/

uom aumif;rGefaer,f
qdk&if jynfh0wJh toHt&nftaoG;udk
&&SdcHpm;EkdifwJh &Sm;&Sm;yg;yg; aw;*Dw
website wpfck jzpfygw,f/
connection

apmif h M u nf h & ef
http://www.cityFM,com.mm
http://

www.pansazar.com

MOVIE
http://www.khayanpyarein
met.com

tcrJhMunfhIvdkY&wJh oDcsif;AD'D,dk
tacGawGeJY kyf&Sif AD'D,dk file awGudk
apwemtjynfht0eJY upload wifay;
xm;ygw,f/ tm;vHk;udk MunfhIEkdifzdkY
twGuf google player ukd t&ifqHk;
download &,lxm;&if ydjk yD; aumif;rGef
ygvdrfhr,f/ online uae MunfhIzdkYqdk
&ifawmh connection aumif;aerSom
tqifajyrSmyg/

http://www.myanmarmp3.net

oDcsif;cspfolawG tcsif;csif; vGwf

vGwv
f yfvyf rdwaf qGzYJGvYkd&ovdk jrefrm
oDcsif;awGudk em;qif cHpm;Ekdifygw,f/
myanmar mp3 .net [m xGuaf y:vmcJh
wm MumjrifhcJhjyDjzpfayr,fh user awmf
awmfrsm;rsm; rodMuwJh tcsufudkawmh
tajz&SmvdkY r&EkdifcJhygbl;/ wu,fvdkY

http://www.myanmar.videos.
com

AD',
D kd yk &f iS af wGukd cspfwwfoal wG
twGuf tEkynm jrwfEdk;olwpfOD;u

azazmf0g&?D 2008 109

0ufbq
f u
dk ftnTe;f
upload wifay;xm;wJh 'D page rSm
MTV, MP3, Movie, VCD, DVD pwJh
file aygif; ajrmufjrm;pGm yg0ifjyD; tcrJh

rif;om;zdk;cspf&JU web pmrsufESm jzpfyg

w,f/

MunfhIcHpm;Ekdifygw,f/

apmif h M u nf h & ef
http:// www.saisaionline.com
http:// www.yelayonline.com

apmif h M u nf h & ef
http://

www.shwevideo.com

ART & CRAFT

http://www.roadtomandalay
.com

road to mandalay [m

zGJYpnf;yHk
tenf;i,fcsmygw,f/ 'gayr,fh tEk
ynmeJY vufrIypnf;? a&Txnf? ,Gef;
xnfawGeJYtwl jrefrmha&S;a[mif; ,Of
aus;rIawGudk urmudk jyoay;aewJh
website wpf c k r d k Y v d k Y avh v moif h y g
w,f/
http://www.mandalaymario
nettes.com

rEav;tzGJYrS kyfao;ynm&SifawG
wnfaxmifxm;wJh web pmrsufESm[m
tvGefoyf&yfjyD; qdkvdk&if;udk wpfcsuf
wnf;eJYxdatmif ypfEkdifpGrf; &Sdygw,f/
homepage udMk unfv
h u
dk w
f meJY ]kyaf o;
ynm} taMumif; 'website' qdkwm
odomapygw,f/

DIRECTORY

b0c&D;udk eif;jzwfc&hJ wJh xl;tdro

f if&UJ
b0ZmwfaMumif;eJY olYrdom;pk"mwfyHk
awG? profile awG jyD;awmh olY&JU oDcsif;
oHpOfav;awGudk Mum;EdkifwJh ae&m
uav;uawmh htooeainthin.com yJ
jzpfygw,f/
http://www.lwinmoe.com

vGifrdk;[m okyfaqmif ykdifEkdifwJh

rif;om;aumif; wpfvufjzpfygw,f/
'gudkawmh vlodrsm;MurSmyg/ 'gayr,fh
tJ'aD emufu,
G rf mS &Sad ewJh ol[m "mwfykH
q&maumif;wpfa,mufvnf; jzpfw,f
qdw
k mudk b,forl S odMuvdrrhf ,f rxif
yg/ ol[m c&D;oGm;&if; (du
k u
f iG ;f udp
awGeJY e,fxGuf&if;) ukd,fykdifuifr&m
av;eJY rSww
f rf;wifcw
hJ hJ "mwfyakH wG[m
0g&ifh"mwfyHkq&mwpfa,mufvdkY xif
rSwfrSm;avmufatmifudk tqifhjrifhvS
wmudk awGY&ygvdrfhr,f/

apmif h M u nf h & ef
http://www.myanmar-handi
crafts.com
http:// www.yadanapura.com

CELEBILITY
http://www.htooeainthin.com

bk&m;ocif[m olay;tyfxm;cJh
wJh vufaqmifrGefudk jyefvnf odrf;
qnf;oGm;cJhygjyD/ at;jrwJh toHcsKdcsKd
av;awGukd rMum;Ekid af wmhwm Mumjrifch hJ
ygjyD/ 'gayr,fh xl;tdro
f if&UJ tEkynm
uawmh b,fawmhrS aooGm;vdrfhr,f
r[kwfyg/ tvGef cufcJMurf;wrf;wJh

110

uGefysLwm*sme,f

http://www.actorphoechit
.com

Zmwfrif;om;b0uae ky&f iS ?f AD'D

,dkbufudk ul;ajymif; okyfaqmifzdkYqdk
wm rvG,fvSygbl;/ ]zdk;cspf} uawmh
tJ't
D cuftcJawGukd wpfqifch si;f ausmf
vTm;EkdifcJhygjyD/ jrdKUa&m e,fyg vufcHwJh

http://www.myanmaryellow
pages.biz

yellow pages tkyfpk&JU directory

website [m emrnfausmf yahoo vdr
k sK;d

<u,f0wJh owif;tcsuftvufawG
wnf&Sdaeygw,f/ pD;yGm;a&;vkyfief;
wpfckcsif;udkjzpfap? vlwpfOD; wpf
a,mufcsif;&JU ae&yfvdyfpmawGudk jzpf
ap vG,fvifhwul &SmazGEkdifwJhtwGuf
tjrJvdkvdk c&D;oGm;vmae&wJh vkyfief;
&SifawGtwGuf ydkjyD; oifhawmfygw,f/
'ghtjyif yg0ifwJh search engine u
vnf; tm;aumif;wJt
h wGuf wu,fvYkd
subject awG IyfaxG;aerIaMumifh vdkcsif
wm &SmazGr&&if search box xJrSm
pmdkufvkdufwmeJY result udk jrefjref
qefqef wHkYjyefay;ygvdrfhr,f/
http://

www.7courier.com

jref r mEk d i f i H t wG i f ; rS m aejyD ;

jrefrm EkdifiHtESHY ra&mufzl;wJh vlawG
twGuf 7-courier u tultnDay;yg
vdrfhr,f/ c&D;oGm;vkyfief;awGtwGuf
wnfaxmifxm;wmjzpfwt
hJ wGuf uk,
d f
oGm;vdkwJh ae&ma'otwGuf c&D;p&dwf
udk tMurf;zsif; wGufcsufvdkY&Ekdifovdk
wnf;cdkr,fh p&dwf? booking vkyfjcif;
pwmawGudkyg online uaewpfqifh
qufoG,f aqmif&GufEkdifaeygjyD/

apmif h M u nf h & ef
http://www.
.com

myanmarteldir

0ufbq
f u
dk ftnTe;f
SPORT & SOCCER

FOURM

http://www.first-11.com

http://www.technicalseven.com

eleven media [m &nf&G,fcsuf

jrifhrm;pGmeJY online avmuudk csDwuf

vmaecJhygjyD/ vlzwftrsm;qHk; *sme,f

av;apmifvHk;udk tywfpOf update jyK
vkyfjyD; wifay;xm;wJhtwGuf abmvHk;
urmeJY ywfoufwhJ owif;awGreS o
f rQ
udk aiGukefaMu;uscHp&mrvdkbJ tcsdef
rSezf wfEI idk w
f mudu
k aus;Zl;wifp&myg/
Resolution tjrifhqHk;awGeJY *sme,fudk
scan zwfvkdufwJhtwGuf wpfrsufESm
ay:vmzdkYudk tenf;i,f apmifhqkdif;&
wmav;udkawmh onf;cHcGifhvTwfay;&
ygvdrfhr,f/

enf;ynmtultnDawG vdt
k yf&if
t&ifwkef;u tifwmeufxJrSm &SdwJh
t*Fvdyf forum awGxJuae awmif;
,ljyD; t*Fvdyfpmudk rzwfwwf zwf
wwfeJY MudK;pm;cJh&ygw,f/ tckawmh
technical seven ay:aygufvmjyD jzpf
wJhtwGuf tvsiftjref register vkyf
xm;r,fq&kd if tcrJh download &Ekid w
f hJ
ebook vdyfpmawGutp &&SdEkdifrSmyg/

http://www.mmgeeks.org

http://www.myanmargoal.
com

jrefrm*dk;[m offline rSm *sme,f

xkwaf 0jcif;r&Syd gbl;/ 'gayr,fw
h u,fh
*sme,fwpfapmifvkd online ay:rSm zwfI
&atmif pDpOf zGJYpnf;ay;xm;ygw,f/
Ekid if w
H umrSm&Sw
d hJ uefa,fifa, thefa pwJh
abmvHk;eJY tm;upm; website awG yHk
oPmefrsKd;jzpfvmatmif pdw&f n
S f vuf
&Snf wnfaqmuf jyKjyifaeygw,f/

apmif h M u nf h & ef
http://www.myanmar-foot
ball.org

jrefrmvli,fynm&Sifrsm; zGJYpnf;
xm;wJh 'D forum rSmawmh unicode,
php, ebook , linux pwJh enf;ynmawG
taMumif;udk trSww
f & aqG;aEG;aeavh
&Sjd yD; 0ifvmwJh tzGYJ 0iftopfawGukd aEG;
aEG;axG;axG;MudKqdk&if; tultnDawG
ay;tyfaeavh &Sdygw,f/

apmif h M u nf h & ef
http://www.forums.native
myanmar.net

aMumifhrSef;rod&bJ (pdwfxif aMumfjim

twGufae&m) uGufvyfcsefxm;wmudk
vnf; xl;xl;qef;qef; awGYc&hJ ygw,f/
http://www.faces.magazine
.com

ygVdtac: ]rkc} ? jrefrmvdjk yefawmh

]rsufEmS }? odYk uvdk &nf&,
G x
f m;wJfh aces
r*Zif; [m offline media avmurSm
rdef;uav;awG&JUtonf;pGJ top choice
awGxJrSm tygt0if jzpfygw,f/ Online ay:rSmvnf; tJ'DvdkrsKd; jzpfvm
atmif MudK;pm;xm;ygw,f/ tvSty
MudKufwwfolawGtwGufa&m? t0wf
txnf zuf&iS q
f ef;av;awGeYJ pwkid v
f S
csifolawGtwGufa&m tcrJhzwfIEkdifwJh
r*Zif; pmapmifawGxrJ mS yg0ifygw,f/
resolution jrifhrm;vGef;wJh homepage
udkawmh ajymif;vJoifh roifh pOf;pm;zdkY
vdkygw,f/
http://www.naing.net/index2.
html

Naing uawmh website wpfck qdk

wmxuf static webpage wpfckqdkwm
[m ydkjyD; rSefuefEkdifygw,f/ ol[m &Sd&Sd

JOURNAL /MAGAZINE
http://www.zaygwet.com

aps;uGuf*sme,f&JU online page

wpfck jzpfygw,f/ tdrfjcHajraps;uGuf
awGeJYtwl aps;uGuf*sme,f&JU zwfvdkY
taumif;qHk; pmrsufESmwpfckuawmh
]a&S;a[mif;,Ofaus;rIawGukd &SmazG azmf
xkwaf &;om;aewJah qmif;yg;}awGyjJ zpfyg
w,f/'banner'ykdif;udk rnfonfhtwGuf

azazmf0g&?D 2008 111

0ufbq
f u
dk ftnTe;f
orQ jrefrmr*Zif;*sme,fawG&JU vdyfpm
awGudk link csdwfay;xm;wJhtwGuf
user [m wjcm;ae&mwpfckudk wul;
wu &SmazGp&mrvdkawmhbJ vG,fvifh
wuleJY Click ESdyfjyD; jrefrmhtvif;
aMu;rHkpwJh owif;pmawGupvdkY zwfI
Ekdifatmif apwem tjynfht0eJY jyKvkyf
ay;xm;ygw,f/ ESpfwpf&m jyu'defu
tp MunfhIvdkY &Ekdifygw,f/

owif;xl;jyD; jrefrmEkid if &H UJ rSwaf usmuf

*sme,fwpfapmif jzpfygw,f/
http://www.burmeseclassic.
com

pmtkyfpifu@rSm usKduf
xD;dk;bk&m;orkdif;? usKdufygavmbk&m;
orkdif;pwJh &Sm;yg;wJh "rpmtkyfawGudk
xnfhoGif;ay;xm;jyD; "r'ge tcrJh
download cscGifhjyKxm;ygw,f/ 'gh
Online

http://www.popularmyanmar.
com

ay:jyLvm*sme,f [ m 'D Z k d i f ; &J U

aumif;jcif;? owif;&JUqGaJ qmifr&I jdS cif;?
aqmif;yg;&JU wefzdk;jynfh0jcif;pwJh
tcsufawGaMumifh emrnfMuD;ygw,f/
e,fa0;a'oawGrmS &Sad ewJh jrefrmpmzwf
y&dowfawGqDudk *sme,fwpfapmif
a&mufzdkYqdkwm[m tenf;i,f tvSrf;
uGmaeao;wJt
h csed rf mS online uaewpf
qifh popular *sme,fudk zwfIEkdifwJh
twGuf vdktyfaewJh uGufvyfuav;
udk jznfhqnf;ay;xm;vkdufovdkrsKd;yg/
popular.myanmar rSm chat ajymqdv
k Ykd&
wJh page &Sad eayr,fh tenf;i,f vdt
k yf
aeygao;w,f/
http://www.trustjournal.com

],HMk unfrI owif; *sme,f} pmrsuf

ESmawG[m Ekid if jH cm;udk tvkyo
f mG ;vkyzf Ykd
&nf&,
G x
f m;wJh vli,fawGtwGuf tzk;d
rjzwfEkdifwJh vrf;nTefcsufawGeJY tjref
qH;k trSeq
f ;kH owif;awGukd ay;ygw,f/
http://www.myanmartimes.com

t*Fvyd ?f jrefrmbmom ESprf sK;d pvH;k

&SdwJh jrefrmwkdif;rf*sme,f&JU web pm
rsufESmwpfck jzpfygw,f/ *sme,fudk
jrefrm version zwfcsiw
f ,f qd&k ifawmh
b,fbufaxmifhrSm&SdaewJh font udk
download &,lzYkd vdy
k gvdrrhf ,f/ tjrJvkd

112

uGefysLwm*sme,f

nity tjzpf ydkjyD;tm;aumif;wmudk awGY

&ygw,f/&Si;f vif;aooyfwhJ pmrsuEf mS

av;awGuawmh uRefawmfwdkY tMudKuf
ygyJ/ 'DaeY jrefrmtEkynm&SifawG&JU
vIyf&Sm;aerIawG owif;"mwfyHkawGeJY
aqmif;yg;awGudk zwfIEkdifygw,f/

apmif h M u nf h & ef
http:// www.myawadi.net
http://www.aseaninfonet.org

CHATTING, ECARDS, FORUM,

SPACES AND SOCIAL NETWORK
http://www.myanmarfriends
.net

tjyif a&S ; acwf o D c sif ; awG e J Y twl

movie zd k i f a wG u d k v nf ; xd k u f o if h
oavmuf &,lEkdifygw,f/ Page &JU
tqiftjyifu dk;pif;w,fvdkY xif&ay
r,fh webmaster awG&UJ apwemuawmh
wefzdk;xm;p&m jzpfygw,f/
http://www.phatpa.com

topfxu
G af y:vmaewJh website
awGxJrSm tm;udk;tm;xm; jyKcsifp&m
pmrsufESm jzpfygw,f/ ]zwfyg} qdkwJh
trnfav;uvnf; xl;jcm;ovdk journal/magazine qdkwmxuf commu-

]jrefrmoli,fcsif;rsm;} qdkwJh pm
rsuEf mS uav;rSm register vkyyf g/ uk,
d hf
&JU "mwfyHkudk upload wifyg/ jyD;&if
jrefrmEkid if H weHwvsm;rSm&Sad ewJh oli,f
csif; rdwfaqGawGeJY tjyeftvSef &if;ESD;
cspfcifMu&atmifpdkYvm;Asm/
http://www.thanyawzin.com

IM awG&Sdw,f/ group chat awG

&Sdw,f/ user profile eJY "mwfyHkawG
wifydkYxm;Ekdifw,f/ forum xJrSm aqG;

aEG;csifwmawGvnf; 0ifa&mufajymqdk
vdkY &Ekdifao;w,f/ Mum&if user awG
vnf; 'D website av;udk ]oHa,mZOf}
jzpfoGm;Muygvdrfhr,f/
http://
.com

www.myanmardate

yxrqHk;taeeJY social network

bufudk yDyDjyifjyif ajcvSrf;jyifvdkufwJh
myanmar date [m register t&ifq;kH
vkyfzdkYawmh vdkygr,f/ sign up vkyfcGifh
udk tcrJhay;xm;jyD; online uae uk,
d f
eJY pdwfwl0goem? MunfjzLEkdifr,fh rdwf
aqGaumif; wpfa,mufudk &SmazG&&SdEkdif
apygw,f/

0ufbq
f u
dk ftnTe;f
http://

www.mysuboo.com

]pkbl;}[mtckaemufydkif;rSm acwf
pm;vmwJh 'web 2.0' &JU 'DZdkif;oabm
w&m;av;awG yg0ifygw,f/ myspace
wdkYvdk social network awG acwfpm;
vmwJh tcsdefrSm xGufay:vmwJh 'mysuboo' udk tckuwnf;u avhvmoH;k pGJ
xm;r,fq&kd if aemufyidk ;f rSm 'myspace'
wdkYvdk website rsKd;awGudk oHk;pGJwwfzdkY
http://www.shwesagar.com

a&Tpum;0kid ;f [m online messenger wpfcjk zpfygw,f/ register vkyp

f &m
rvdkbJ tvG,fwul chatting ajymqdk
vdkY &EkdifwJh ae&mwpfckyg0ifjyD; ukd,fh
PC rSm vdt
k yfaewJh jrefrm font udv
k nf;
download &&Sad pEki
d yf gw,f/ oyf&yfwhJ
'DZdkif; tjyiftqifawGeJY ]a&Tpum;0kdif;}
[m tjrJwapvdk chat ajymqdkolawGeJY
pnfum;aewwfygw,f/

twGuf tultnD taxmuftyHhawG

trsm;tjym; &Ekdifovdk IRC chat udk
qufo,
G v
f Ykdr&jzpfaewJh vlawGtwGuf
twdkqHk;oGm;EkdifwJh vrf;aMumif; wpfck
yg/

http://www.modins.net

'Modins' ay:xGuv
f mcJw
h hJ umv
[m ig;ESpfywf0ef;usifavmuf &SdoGm;
ygjyD/ 'DaeYtcsdefrSmawmh vli,fawG

tajccHaumif;awG &&SEd idk rf mS jzpfygw,f/

]rkdifpkbl;} rSm tzGJY0iftjzpf pm&if;oGif;
&if; oli,fcsif;rsm;pGm &vmEkdifovdk
enf;ynm tultnDawGudkvnf; &&Sd
Ekdifvdrfhr,fvdkY xifygw,f/
http://www.yadanar.com

Forum, postcard eJY chat awG

wif x m;ayr,f h yadanar [m

odyfrodMuawmhayr,fh Modins u
awmh olY&UJ wm0efu0kd w&m;rysuf xrf;
aqmifaeqJ &Sdygw,f/ tvGefdk;pif;wJh
'text-chat' MuD;udv
k nf; awGYae&qJ jzpf
ygw,f/ oli,fcsif;awGeJY tjyeftvSef
e-card awGudk ydkYMu&if; rarmryef;Ekdif
chat cJhMuwJh modin cspfolawGuawmh
modins jyeftvmudk vufcsKd;a&vdkY
apmifhMudKaeMuqJyg/

ud k
xifoavmuf c&D;ra&mufcJhygbl;/
server error cPcP jzpfaewwfwm
udk developer awG tcsdefrD jyKjyif
vdrfhr,fvdkY xif&ygw,f/ online ay:
rSm &nf&G,folav;udk &SmazGzdkY oifh
awmfwJh ae&mav;wpfck jzpfygw,f/

http:// www.myitzuri.com

]rOL&D}rSm *DwtzGJYaygif;pHk&JU MP3

oDcsif;awGudk em;axmifvdkY &Ekdifyg
w,f/ 'ghtjyif tysif;ajy aqmhupm;
vdYkaumif;wJh game awGvnf; &Sad eovdk
bkjd zL? pkid ;f xD;qkid w
f Ykd vkd oDcsif;at;at;
av;awGudkvnf; download &Ekdifyg
ao;w,f/

apmif h M u nf h & ef
http:// www.nayvelous.com
http:// www. lotaya.com

uGeyf sLwm*sme,f

http://www.myanmarchat
online. rg

IRC chat twGuf pDrHcefYcGJrI web

wpfckjzpfygw,f/ chatting ajymqdkzdkY

zkef;-387305
azazmf0g&?D 2008 113

(REVIEW)

aumif;wJhtcsufawGu wpfrl xl;

jcm; uGJxGufaooyfwJhtzGJY factions
oHk;ckygw,f/ Hierarchy walkers vdkY
ac:wJh ,lepfawGudk xdef;csKyf&wmyJ
jzpfjzpf? jzdKcGJypfcs&wmyJjzpfjzpf aysmf&Tif
p&maumif;w,f/ vltrsm; ,SOfjydKif
upm;&wJh online mode u azmufcGJ
auseyfz,
G af umif;w,fq;kd w,f tcsuf
awGu ppfajrjyifudk jrif&zdkY uifr&mudk
aemufodkY qGJ,lvdkYr&bl;/ txdef;yHkpH
nHhzsif;w,f/ Direct X 10 vkyfaqmif
rIu qdk;qkd;0g;0g;udk nHhzsif;ygw,f/
Universe at War:Earth Assault
[m 'DESpf&JU Rise of Nations: Rise of
legends vdkY ajymEkdifw,f/ tjcm; wpf

enf;vSnfhajym&&if a&S;a[mif;yHkpHus
RTS *dr;f udk r,HE
k idk af vmufz,
G f xl;jcm;
tqifuGJxGufwJh tzGJYoHk;zGJY jcH&Hxnfh
oGif;ay;xm;jcif;yJ jzpfygw,f/ Alien

114

uGefysLwm*sme,f

rsKd;jcm; j*dK[fom;tzGJY oHk;zGJYMuD;

rsm;awmif xnfx
h m;&mrSmESprf sK;d uawmh
t&ifb,f RTS *dr;f rSmrS rMuHKzl;cJo
h vdk
rsKd; cHpm;&apr,f/
'Dj*dK[fom; usL;ausmfrI yHjk yifZmwf
vrf;rSm vlom;rsKd;EG,f&JU taetxm;
u aemufwef;odkY a&mufapcJhw,f/
Hierarchy vdkYac:wJh pdwfoabmxm;
qd;k npfaom alien race [m urmajrodYk
usL;ausm0f ifa&mufvmjyD;aemuf aexkid f
olawGeJY ydkifqkdif&mawGtm;vHk;udk ukef
Murf;ypnf;awGodkY ajymif;ypfzdkY&m MuH
pnftm;xkwfaew,f/ arQmfvifhcsuf
tm;vHk; aysmufqHk;&awmhrvdkygyJ/ 'D
aemufrmS yJ Novus vdYk ac:wJh tmHck pH m;
odpdwf&Sdaom pufrsm; a&muf&SdvmjyD;
Hierarchy awGeJY wkdufyGJqifETJw,f/
olwdkY&JU wkdufckdufrIu urmajrxJ ykef;
atmif;aewJh ESpyf &dap' Mumjrifv
h jS yDjzpf
races

aom Masari rsKd;EG,fpkudk Edk;xapcJh

w,f/ 'Dawmh . . . 'Dawmh . . . urm
ajr&JU rsufESmjyif[m *vufZDrsKd;EG,fpk
rsm;Mum; r[mppfyGJMuD;awG&JU aemufcH
ppfajrjyifMuD; jzpfvmawmhwmaygh/
Factions oHk;ckMum; uGmjcm;csuf
awGu eufdIif;ygw,f/ Novus awGu
ajryHk wpfcv
k ;kH jzefYMuufxm;wJh uGe&f uf
pHkyGdKifh network node awG wnfaqmuf
Ekdifw,f/ rsufpdwpfrSdwftwGif;rSm tif
tm;pkukd vsifjrefpmG ydYk aqmif a&TUajymif;
Ek d i f w ,f / Hierarchy awG u sawmh
obm0w&m;&JU tzsufpGrf;tm;awGvdk
yJ/ bmjzpfvkdYvJqdkawmh olwdkY&JU &dwf
odrf; pkaqmif;puf harvesters awGu
ajryHkay:u ukefMurf;awG w&Murf; 0g;
rsKdEidk jf yD; olwYkd &UJ av;wGMJ uD;rm;wJh vrf;
avQmuf walker war machines awG[m
ukef;ay:u zsufoabFmMuD;awGvdkyJ/
aemufwpfrsKd; Masari usawmh 'DoHk;
rsKd;xJrSm orm;dk;ustqefqHk; tiftm;
MuD; tajcpdkufpcef;eJY umuG,fa&; defenses awG wnfaqmufrItay: tajc
jyKvdkYygyJ/ 'gayr,fh *drf;twGif; pGrf;
tm;tMuD;qHk;eJY aps;tMuD;qHk;,lepfawG
&Sdwmu Masari / jyD;awmh olwdkYu
modes yHp
k EH pS rf sK;d tvif;eJYtarSmif light
eJY dark tMum; ajymif;vJEidk pf rG ;f &Sw
d ,f/
tom;us usifhom;& oGm;wJhtcg
faction wpfckqDu oifhudk aysmfarGY
zG,f&mawG rsm;pGm ay;qyfvdrfhr,f/

(REVIEW)

Oyrmtm;jzifh oifu Hierarchy jzpf&if

oifh&JU &efolawGudk walkers awGoHk;jyD;
acsrIe;f &wm &Tijf rL;p&maumif;vSw,f/
'gayr,f h oif u Masari buf u
upm;wmqdk&if xdkwlnDaom walkers
rsm;yJ oif&h UJ tvTmvku
d f tqifq
h if&h w
dS hJ
umuG,fa&;vkdif;twGif; aoG;l;aoG;
wrf; ajy;ukew
f mudMk unf&h wm t&om
&SdvSygw,f/
Universe at War &JU Zmwfvrf;
*drf;tykdif; single-player campaign
[m yxrawmh RTS trsm;pk&JU orm;
dk;us ZmwfnTef;cs scripted campaigns twkdif;yJoGm;w,f/ oif[m
Novus taeeJY pwifjyD; *drf;&JU ppfeJY
opmazmufrI ZmwfaMumif; yGiu
hf svmwJh
tcg Hierarchy bufodkY a&TUajymif;&
w,f/ wwd,tykdif; t&Sdef&vmjyD;
aemufrmS awmh Masari udk udik &f wJt
h cg
ajymif;vJraI wG &Sv
d mw,f/ ZmwfaMumif;
jyef scripted storyline r[kwaf wmhbJ
MuD;rm;wJh ajryHkay: r[mAsL[m qifETJ
csrSwf&wJh global strategic meta

game jzpfvmw,f/

,cif ajryHktay:
tefpmwHk;acguf upm;&wJh Risk *drf;
tMuD;pm;rsKd; jzpfvmw,f/ aemuf
wpfcsDrSm b,fe,fajrudk usL;ausmf&
r,fvdkY qHk;jzwfjyD;wJhtcgrS real time
taotaus wkdufyGJ qifETJ&ygw,f/
txl;wvnf eufdIif;vSaom AsL[m
tvTmawmh r[kwb
f ;l / 'gayr,fh azmfjrL
vmudk twefi,f vIyfcgxm;w,f/
ppfqifa&;jyD;wJhtcg global meta
game twGif; oifhudk enf;trsKd;rsKd;

upm;cGifhay;wJh Zmwfvrf;pOf scenarios trsKd;rsKd;&Sdvmw,f/ 'grSr[kwf

oif[m system eJY qefYusifjyD; yHkrSef
skirmish mode xJ ckef0ifEkdifygw,f/
*dr;f u multiplayer e,fajrtwGi;f
vnf; awmufyw,f/ vlom;jydKifbuf
awG[m faction wpfckcsif;pD&JU tusKd;
tjrwfawGudk tpGrf;ukef npfxkwf
toHk;csEkdifw,f/ oif*kwpdkuf trI
rxm;&if single-player *drf;twGif;
Pf&nfwk AI u oifhudk tvJxdk;
tEkdif,loGm;Ekdifw,f/ 'gayr,fh trsm;
tm;jzifah wmh tactics trsKd;rsKd; ajymif;vJ
upm;Ekdifwmu vlom;yJ &Sdygw,f/
txl;ojzifh tckvykd pkH u
H jJG ym; resource,
tactics trsKd;rsKd;ay;xm;wJh *drf;rsKd;rSm
aygh/
tck a jymaewJ h multi-player
modes qd k w m LAN eJ Y w if r ubJ
tifwmeuf tGefvkdif;ay: csdwfxm;wJh
online mode udk ajymwm/ arQmfvifh
xm;ovdkyJ oifh&JU &rSwftqifh rank
udk rjywf xdef;odrf;EdIif;,SOfwJh standard ranked a&m rrSwfwJh unranked
skirmish modes awG yg&Sw
d ,f/ *dr;f &JU
&nfrSef;csufMuD;rm;vSwJh conquerthe-world mode u aooyfusejyD;

azazmf0g&?D 2008 115

(REVIEW)

oift
h aeeJY urmMuD;wpfcv
k ;kH atmifEidk f
zdkY&m vrf;zGifhay;xm;w,f/ Multiplayer xJ u wpf a ,muf a ,muf e J Y
wku
d yf q
JG ifEjJT yD; j*dK[furmay:u e,fajr
wpfckcsif;qD atmifEkdif odrf;ydkufzdkY&m
MudK;pm;Ekid w
f ,f/ oifEidk &f if *dr;f twGi;f
xdk e,fajrudk odr;f ydu
k f xde;f csKyfxm;Ekid f
w,f/ 'Dupm;uGif;rSm 0ifygzdkYuawmh
Games for Windows Live Gold
member 0ifjzpfzYkd vdy
k gvdrrhf ,f/ (Xbox
360 ykdifjyD; Xbox Live Gold account
&Sd&ifvnf;&w,f/)
*drf;udk load vkyfpOf pyD;bwf&JU
War of the Worlds ky&
f iS ef YJ rSm;avmuf
p&m at;puf aoG;ysufz,
G f ky&f iS f cinematics scene eJY jyow,f/ vlom;

ajcvsif ppfom;awGu toem; tnm

wmuif;rJhaom? &yfwefYr&Ekdifaom alien war machies awG&JU okwfoifjcif;
cHae&wmawG jyow,f/ uHraumif;pGm
jzifh umwGef;qefaom pum;ajymawG
aMumifh scene jrifuGif;&JU tone tqifh
udk vsifjrefpGm tm;aysmhoGm;apw,f/
aq;jyif;vdycf x
J m;wJh vlom;Zmwfvu
dk f
uawmh a,musfm;yDoygayw,f/ Novus &JU tmHkcHpm; odjrifEkdifaom puf
,E&m;awG[m Star Trek: The Next

116

uGefysLwm*sme,f

[m Data vdk cspfpzG,f

aumif;w,f/ Hierarchy acgif;aqmif
awGu qdk;npfwJh[ef&SdjyD; Masari awG
u udef;pOfMuD;aom jrifhjrwfolawG&JU
[ef &Sdw,f/ 'gav;awGu jidwG,f pGJjid
p&mav;awGay;wJh personality av;
awGyJaygh/ aw;*Dwvnf; tvm;wlyg
yJ/ t&yfom;awG aMumufvefYwMum;
xGufajy;MuyHk sound effects awG
vnf; aooyfusepGmygao;&JU/
Universe at War rSm 'kuay;wJh
udpawGvnf; &Sdw,f/ owdjyKrdp&m
taumif;qHk;uawmh jrifuGif;csKHUcsJU
zoom level yJ/ r&So
d avmufbv
J Ykad wmif
ajymvdkY&w,f/ Screen tay: oifh
Generation

rsufESmudk vufr tenf;i,ftuGmu

pD;rdk; upm;&wJh yHkpHrsKd; xifjrif rSef;q
Munfhvkdufyg/ avmavmq,frSmawmh
Universe at War udk cHpm;&wm xdkyHkpH
rsKd;ygyJ/ Hierarchy walker wpfaumif
wnf;eJY screen wpf0ufpmavmuf
jynfah ewmrsKd;u pdwf yI pf &m aumif;vS
w,f/ ppfajrjyif tuGuftuGif;udk jrif
&zdkY&m tqifrajyygbl;/
xl;jcm;wJh rsKd;EG,fpk races awGu
vGJjyD; universe at war u 'D RTS
genre twGif; bmtopftqef; wpfck
rS rdwfquf xnfhoGif;xm;jcif; r&Sdbl;/
Command & Conquer pwkdif tvGef
orm;dk;usqefaom RTS *drf;rsKd;ygyJ/
*drf;azmfxkwfol Petroglyph u rlv
C & C rS 0g&ify
h nm&Siaf wGeYJ zGYJpnf;xm;
wmjzpfvdkY odyftHhMop&mawmh r&Sdbl;/
em;rvnf p &maumif ; wmu 'D v d k
vlrsKd;awGvufu xGufvmwJh*drf;[m
qef;opf xl;jcm;rIawG aysmufqHk;ysuf
uGufaewmygyJ/ uifr&mudk ta0;MuD;
odYk qkw,
f jl yD; ppfajrjyifukd us,fjyefYpmG
MunfEh idk pf rG ;f vdk concept topf rsKd;awG
aygh/ 'gaMumifh Universe at War rSm
MudKufESpfoufp&mawGygovdk rMudKuf
csifp&mawGvnf;ygygw,f/

(REVIEW)

qdkwm
tjcm;t&mawmh r[kwfyg/ olY&JU xkwf
ukef rsKd;EG,fquffranchise udk opm
&SdpGm rajymif;rvJ quf azmfaqmif
xm;aomt&mrQomyJ/ ,aeY aemufq;kH
xkwf b,f FPS eJYrqdk ,SOfEkdifwJh jyif;
xefMurf;wrf;rI? aoG;pufpuf,dk bleeding-edge aemufq;kH ay:*&yfzpf? wef
eJYcsD yg0ifaom gameplay mode, jref
qef oGuv
f ufveG ;f aom online tjyif
off-line twGuf tMurf;wrf;qHk;aom
AI bots rsm;/
'gayr,fh UT3 udk &uf tenf;
i,f upm;jyD;wJhtcgrSmawmh ar;cGef;
wpfcu
k wpmpm vkyv
f mvdrrhf ,f/ odyf
trsm;MuD; ckefysH ajymif;vJoGm;wm
r[k w f b J e J Y r sm; 'D * d r f ; ud k jyKvk y f z d k Y
bmaMumifhoHk;ESpfcGJMuD;rsm;awmif tcsdef
,lcJh&wmvJ/ ajryHktopfawG? *&yfzpf
Unreal Tournament III

ykdif; tptqHk; rGrf;rH tqifhjrifhrIawGu

vGJjyD; q,fpkESpfrsm;twGif; taumif;
qH;k aom multiplayer games rsm;xJu
wpfcjk zpfwhJ Unreal Tournament 2004
&JU aemufrSm UT3 u tajymif;tvJrS
r&Sdwm/ wpfckawmh aumif;ygw,f/
,cif &if;ESD;uRrf;0ifjyD; ESpfjcdKuf pGJjid
p&m em;vnf&vG,fwJh gameplay
modes awG qufvufyg&Sq
d jJ zpfr,fqkd
wmawmh ,HMk unfpw
d cf sxm;Ekid w
f maygh/
Unreal Tournament III u
wu,fawmh 'DpD;&D;twGif; pwkw
ajrmuf*drf;yg/ 'III' qdkwm UT *drf;&JU
wwd, rsKd;qufqdkwmudk OD;nTwf &nf
nTef;xm;jcif; jzpfygw,f/ (UT 2003
eJY UT 2004 ESpcf pk vH;k u 'kw,
d rsK;d quf
Unreal engines titles awG jzpfyg
w,f/) UT *drf;pD;&D;qdkwm singled ;f udk eufeufeeJ J b,f
player action yki

wkH;urS tav;ay;cJhwm r[kwfbl;/

rygbl;vdYk awmh r[kwyf gbl;/ 'gayr,fh
UT &JU *kP&
f edS u
f kd multi player online
gameplay eJYyJ wnfaqmufcw
hJ m jzpfyg
w,f/
xd w f x d w f M uJ FPS awG x J r S m
Doom pD;&D;u single-player story
bufudk tav;ay;w,f/ Quake u
yl;wHck mG wH/k Single-player tav;ay;rI
wpfvSnfh/ Multi-player wpfvSnfh/
aemufqHk; Doom 3 &JU tif*sif,loHk;
xm;wJh Enemy Territory: Quake
Wars uawmh multiplayer buf jyef
vSnfhvmw,f/ uGefysLwm yDpD *drf;
avmurSm 3D graphics eJY multiplayer awGudk vHIYaqmfwGef;tm;ay;cJh
wmuawmh xdk FPS rsm;yJ jzpfygw,f/

azazmf0g&?D 2008 117

(REVIEW)

Online multiplayer gameplay

mode rSm
- Death match / Team Death match
- Capture the flag (CTF)
- Warfare qdkwJh trsKd;tpm;awG &Sd

w,f/
Doom *drf;udk John Carmack eJY
wGzJ ufazmfxw
k cf w
hJ hJ John Romero [m
FPS deathmatch arG;zGm;vmyHkeJY ywf

oufvdkY atmufygtwkdif; rSwfcsuf cscJh

zl;w,f/
]]raumif;qkd;0g; monsters awG
ypfcwf&wm taotcsmudk
aysmf&TifzG,f aumif;ygw,f/
'gayr,fh tqHk;pGefrSmawmh olwdkYu
uGefysLwmeJY xdef;csKyfwJh pdwf0dnmOf
uif;rJhaom ow0gawGrQomyg/
tckqdk&if *drfrmawGu
vlom;tcsif;csif; xdyfwkduf
&ifqkdifypfcwfEkdifjyD; pOf;pm;wwfwJh?
enf;AsL[mcswwfwJh? atmfwwfwJh
jydKifbufawG? uRefawmfwdkYawG
wpfa,mufudk wpfa,muf
ypfcwf,SOfjydKifEkdifjyD/ 'gudk
uRefawmfwdkYvkyfjyD;oGm;&ifawmh
orkdif;wpfavQmufvHk; jrifzl;cJhorQ

118

uGefysLwm*sme,f

j*dK[furmay:u
aomufusKd;enf;aumif;wJh*drf;
jzpfvmvdrfhr,f/}}
Doom twG u f LAN multiplayer mode azmfaqmifpOf umv
twGif; ajymcJhwmyg/ uGefysLwm bot
wpfa,mufu owfvdkYao&wmxuf
rcHcsifatmif jyHK;jzJjzJMunfah ewJh vlom;
jydKifbuf&JU vufcsufaMumifh ukd,fh*drf;
Zmwfaumifao&wmu ydkjyD; pdwfvIyf
&Sm; cHpm;p&maumif;w,f r[kwfvm;/
'DvdkeJY Quake eJY Unreal Tournament
pD;&D;awG&JU multiplayer mode awG
acwftqufquf tqifhjrifh jzwfoef;
csw
D ufvmMuwm online (LAN r[kw?f
wpfurmvHk; jzefYMuufwJh tifwmeuf
tGefvkdif;) ay: a&mufvmwJhtxdygyJ/
Deathmatch qdkwm a0g[m&
taeeJY pdr;f aumif;pdr;f r,f/ Gameplay
t&awmh &Si;f w,f/ Map vdYk ac:wJh *dr;f
0ef ; usif u r m twG i f ; upm;ol a wG
spawn xGufvmw,f/ ajryHktESHY vuf
eufcJ,rf; power ups awG vkdufvH
pkaqmif;&if; tjcm;upm;ol jydKifbuf
awG Mudrfa&rsm;EkdiforQ rsm;rsm; ypf
cwfowfjzwf&w,f/ frags vkyfw,f

vdkY ac:w,f/ ta&twGuf frag limit

wpfck a&mufoGm;wJhtcg? 'grSr[kwf
tcsdeftwkdif;twm time limit wpfck
a&mufoGm;wJhtcg jydKifyGJjyD;qHk;w,f/
Frags trsm;qH;k &wJo
h u
l tEkid &f ol jzpf
ygw,f/ ud,
k f frag vkycf &H wJt
h cg display u arSmifusroGm;bl;/ tjrJtm;
jzifhawmh upm;olawGu csufcsif; respawn vkyf jyef pwifupm;Ekdifyg
w,f/ *drf;tvkduf uGmjcm;rItenf;eJY
trsm;awmh &S d E k d i f w ,f / 'gayr,f h
wu,fpupm;jzpfwt
hJ cg bmvky&f r,f
qdkwm odjrifem;vnf& tvGefvG,fyg
w,f/
Team deathmatch rSmawmh upm;
olawGudk ESpfzGJY 'grSr[kwf ESpfzGJYxuf
ykdwJh tzGJYawG zGJYay;xm;w,f/ tzGJY
wpfckqDrSm ukd,fykdif frag count &Srd ,f/
tcsif;csif; ypfrdwmawGu *drf;tvkduf?
pnf;rsOf;tvkduf damage jzpfapwm

(REVIEW)
Vehicle awGtaeeJY [dkAm;c&yf
&Syfajy;,mOf Manta avaMumif; wkduf
ckdufa&; Raptor, ayghyg;tMurf;cH,mOf
Scorpion oHcsyfum*spf Hellbender,
ESpaf ,mufp;D avaMumif;,mOf Hellfire
SPMA, Paladin eJY Goliath vdkY tank

vnf; &Sdr,f/ rjzpfapwmvnf;&Sdr,f/

tjrifhqHk; frag-count &wJt
h zGYJ u tEdik f
&ygw,f/
Capture the Flag (CTF) rSmawmh
tzGYJwpfzYJGqrD mS tvH flag wpfcpk &D rdS ,f/
jydKifbuf&JU tajcpkdufpcef;u tvHudk
xk;d azmuf0ifa&muf&,ljyD; uk,
d phf cef;qD
jyefo,fvmjyD;wJhtcg tEkdif&w,f/
Deathmatch eJYpm&if CTF Zmwfvrf;
cGifrSm ydk jrefjrefoGm;vmp&m transportation tool wpfrsKd;rsKd; xnfhxm;
ay;wwfygw,f/
UT3 &J U Warfare mode rS m
atmifEidk o
f t
l jzpf aMunmEkid zf Ykd zsuq
f ;D
ypfzYkd&mvdak om power core ygwJh base
wpfck toif;wpfckpDrSm&Sdw,f/ Power
core [m ajryHktwGif; ae&mtrsKd;rsKd;
u tjcm; nodes awGeJY link csdwfxm;
w,f/ jydKifbuftoif;eJY a&SUwd;k aemuf
qkwf tm;jydKif&if; node awG odrf;ydkuf
xdef;csKyfum link csdwf&r,f/ ukd,fu
ajryHt
k ay: MuD;pk;d odr;f yku
d Ef idk v
f mjyD; jydKif
buftay: tompD;&um power core
udk azmufcGJEkdifwJhtcg tEkdif&ygw,f/
Unlinked nodes awG odrf;ykdufEkdif&if
awmhtzGJYtaeeJY a&SUodkYcsD&m spawn

points eJY vehicle ,mOfawG &&Sdvm

r,f/ Count down node vdk[mrsKd;
xdef;csKyfEkdifwJhtcgrSmawmh &efol core
u energy udk jyKef;wD;avQmhcsapEkdif

awG yg0ifygw,f/
UT3 rSm oHk;xm;wJh Unreal Engine 3 u Gears of War rSmoH;k wJh tajc
cH tools set eJY twlwlygyJ/ tqifhjrifh
pufawGrSm wu,fhudk Munfhaumif;
w,f/ oifhyDpDu xdyfwef;rSm r&Sd&if
vnf; upm;vdkY jzpfEdkifavmufatmif
pau;csay;w,f/ *drf;&JU Textures

w,f/
awGtaMumif; ajymwJhtcg
if;rSmygwJhvufeufawG? ,mOfawG
taMumif; rajym&&if jyD;rSmr[kwfyg
bl;/ ,cif*drf;awGrS trSwf&p&m AV
Ril, Flak Canon, Link Gun awG?
Rhock Rifle, Sniper Rifle eJY Redeemer awG? aemuf qef;qef;jym;jym;
oH;k p&m Impact Hammer.
FPS

azazmf0g&?D 2008 119

(REVIEW)

rsufESmjyifom;? Zmwfaumif character models eJY vIyf&Sm;yHk animation

awGu effects settings tm;vHk; zGifh
xm;&if xdyw
f ef;rSm&Sw
d ,f/ Zmwfaumif
awGrmS uk,
d v
f ;kH ud,
k x
f nftrsKd;rsKd;? ycH;k
umjym;awGeJY pyf[yf rGrf;rHvdkY&w,f/

tcsKdU levels awGu a&awG ajy;oGm;yHk

rsKd;rSm Munfhaumif;wJh water effects
&Sw
d ,f/ toHyidk ;f qkid &f m audio usawmh
vnf; UT *drf;wpfcktaerS oif arQmf
vifhxm;wJh t&mrsKd; Mum;em&ygr,f/
aw;*Dwu pGrf;tm;jyif;w,f/ ayguf
uGJoHawG? aoewfoHawG? Zmwfaumif
awG&JU pum;oHawGu aumif;pGm tHus
qDavsmfrI &Sdygw,f/
Community aumif;aumif;&SdwJh
FPS tokdif;t0kdif;rSm mod awG xGuf

120

uGefysLwm*sme,f

vmavh &Sw
d ,f/ level topfawG? content topfawG jznfw
h if;ay;w,f/ *dr;f
eJYtwl editing suite tjynfhtpHkyg
w,f/ pdwf0ifpm;p&maumif;wJh mod
wpfcu
k Game Co u CTF-Tornado
map jzpfygw,f/ Ageia &JU physics
azmfaqmifrIawG xnfhoGif;ay;xm;
w,f/ *dr;f 0ef;usifurmtwGi;f lyaA'
oabmt& vIyf&Sm; ajymif;vJrIawG
ysufpD;rIawGudk obm0uspGmjzifh dynamic jzpfatmif azmfaqmifay;w,f/
aemufcHbuf*a&mif; levels awG
u sci-fi eJ Y gothic architecture
rsm;pGm yg0ifw,f/ aMurGysufpD;aewJh
jrdKUawG? cHwyfawG? j'yfqGJtm;0ef;usif
axGjym;aom spaceship tmumo
,mOfuJhodkY qef;qef;jym;jym;ae&m rsm;
yg0ifygw,f/ Single player story
ykdif;u yDjyif oyf&yfvGef;vSw,fvdkY
r[kwb
f ;l / Campaign u ajryHak wG[m
tGefvkdif;ay:jrif&r,fh ajryHkawGeJY twl
wlyJ jzpfygw,f/ UT3 [m azmfjrLvm
udk MuD;MuD;rm;rm; tajymif;tvJ vkyf
rxm;ygbl;/ 'gayr,fh jrefqef aysmfarGY
zG,&f mawG jyefvnfqef;opfpmG awGYMuHK
cHpm;&ygr,f/

(TECHNOLOGY)

PHYSICS

IN

GAMES

AD ' D , d k * d r f ; awG t wG i f ; l y aA'

bmom&yf physics oHk;pGJrIu topf
tqef ; awmh r[k w f y g/a&S ; a[mif ;
ay:OD;p *drf;upm;zl;cJholawG[m Lunar lander eJY Marble Madness awG
jrwfEdk;pGmeJY trSwf&rdMuvdrfhr,f/ tJ'D
*drf;rsKd;&JU gamepaly rSm j'yfqGJtm;eJY
wHYk jyefjcif; obm0awG tjynft
h pHyk g0if
w,f/ ,aeY enf;ynmajz&Sif;csufopf
&vmwJhtcgrsKd;rSm rGefjrwfxl;uJvSpGm
aom mass-market *drf;awGtwGif;
tqifjh rifh lyaA'qkid &f m pDru
H yG u
f rJ jI zpf
wJh advanced management of physics awG yg&Sdvmwwfygw,f/
Physics management u wGuf
csurf q
I idk &f m pGr;f tm;ykid ;f rSm awmif;qdrk I
tawmfav; MuD;rm;w,f/ multicore
CPU awGwkd; a&mif;csvm&jcif;eJY
Ageia rS oD;oefYtxl;jyK physics
cards awG &&SdvmEkdifwJhtcg *drf;rsm;

twGif; physics toHk;csrI trsm;MuD;

ydk tav;uJ oHk;pGJzdkY&mudpu
pOf;pm;
p&mtcsujf zpfvmw,f/ 'D&if;jrpftopf
eJY uRefawmfwYkd bmawGvyk Mf ur,fqw
kd hJ
ar;cGe;f ay:xGuv
f mw,f/ tckxad wmh
vIy&f mS ;rItom;ay; action games rsm;
twGif; physics toHk;csrI[m rsufjrif
toGit
f jyif cosmetic effect rSmyJ uefY
owfcHxm;&w,f/ *drf;urmtwGif;
wu,fvdk obm0uspGm epfarsmcHpm;&
apzdkY 'gawGu ta&;MuD;wmrSefayr,fh
gameplay udk trSefwu,f ajymif;vJ
ypfjcif;awmh r&Sdao;bl;/
'gaMumifh tckjzpfay:vmwJh ar;
cGe;f u gameplay tykid ;f eJY ywfoufvYkd
b,fvt
kd oH;k csrIrsKd; jzpfvmEkid o
f vJ qdk
wJh ar;cGef;opfrsKd; jzpfygw,f/ *drfrm
awGudk awGYMuHK cHpm;&rItopfawG
b,fvdk axmufyHhay;&rvJ qdkwmrsKd;
aygh/ 'DtawG;tjrifopfawG[m Game-

co Graphics studio taeeJY Unreal

Tourmament 3 mod u CTF-Tornado multiplayer map udk 'DZkdif;jyK

&if;&&Sdvmwm jzpfygw,f/
zGifhqdkcsuftenf;i,feJY pwif&
atmif/ Physics &JU e,fy,ftus,f
t0ef;u j'yfqGJtm; gravity simulation eJY 0wKrsm; dkufcwfjcif; collision rSmwifuefYowfcx
H m;&wm r[kwf
ygbl;/ atmufygtoH;k csrI yHpk rH sm;vnf;
yg0ifygw,f/
- t&nf 'grSr[kwf taiGYyg0ifwJh
aiGY&nfvyI &f mS ; ajymif;vJrI fluid dynamics

- tarG;trSifvdk aysmhaysmif;wJh 0wK

rsm; odkYr[kwf owKjym;eJY acgif;
ayguf ypn;f rsm;vdk t&m0wKrsm;\
yHk,Gif;ysufrI
- yGwftm;ESifh ap;yspfrIudk oGifwljyK
jcif;

azazmf0g&?D 2008 121

(TECHNOLOGY)

- a&rS a&cJ ajymif;vJjcif;rsm;uJhodkY

kyftajcajymif;vJyHkrsm;
- t&m0wK usKd;yJhysufpD;yHkrsm;
awGY&wJhtwkdif; physics &JU toHk;
csrIyHkpHawG us,fjyefYpGm&Sdygw,f/ tcsKdU
udk *drf;twGif; b,fwkH;urQ xnfhroHk;
cJMh uzl;bl;/ oH;k Ekid w
f hJ tvm;tvm e,f
y,fu MuD;rm;w,f/ 'gayr,fh developers awG &ifqi
dk f MuHKawGYp&m jyem
pdeaf c:rIawGuvnf; if;ESiq
hf wl vku
d f
jyD; MuD;rm;vmMuygw,f/
*drf;twGif; physics oHk;pGJ&mrS jzpfvm
wJh pdefac:rIawGu
- twGut
f csuf pGr;f &nfqidk &f m vdt
k yf
csuf
- vltrsm; wpfjydKifeuf yg0ifupm;&
aommultiplayer *drf;&JUpdefac:rI
- tcsKd U *d r f ; awG r S m Zmwf v rf ; pOf
taopGrJ suEf mS pm scripted dimension eJY physics u azmfaqmifaom
uaomif;ueif;Iyf yI af yGayG obm0
&JU qDavsmftyfpyfjcif; r&SdrIawG jzpf
ygw,f/
1. THE REQUIREMENTS IN TERMS
OF COMPUTING CAPACITY
Physics management [m MuD;

rm;vSaom wGufcsufrIpGrf;&nf vdktyf

ygw,f/ Havok vdk aumif;rGefwJh
physics engine aqmhzf0Jay:cJhwm ESpf
aygif;rsm;pGm MumcJhonfhwkdif ,ckxd
*drf;awGrSm physics udk us,fus,fjyefY
jyefY roHk;Muwm[m rawmfwqr[kwf
ygbl;/
vuf&Sd*drf;awGrSm CPU pGr;f tm;&JU
tvGefao;i,fvSaom tykdif;av;udk
om physics udpt
wGuf cGJa0csxm;
ay;w,f/ single core wpfckpD&JU 10 rS
25 &mcki
d Ef eI ;f udo
k m csay;avh&ydS gw,f/

122

uGefysLwm*sme,f

EkdYayr,fh wu,fh wu,frSmu physics [m resources rsm;pGm vdkygw,f/

t&m0wKrsm; xddkufrdjcif;udk ukdifwG,f
&wJh dk;pif;aom udpa v;udkyJ pOf;pm;
Munfh&atmif/
vIyf&Sm;ajymif;vJaeaom 0wK
wpfcck sif;pD&UJ a&GUvsm;rIukd xde;f ndu
ed ;f
parameters rsm;pGmeJY wGuf,l&w,f/
(OD;wnfbuf? jrefEIef;? 0ifdk;rsm;tay:
vnfywfr)I kyx
f u
G w
f pfcck sif;pDtwGuf
xyfcgxyfcg jyefwGuf&zdkY &Sdw,f/ jyD;
awmh dynamic objects rsm;tMum;
wHkYjyefrIawGudkvnf; wGuf&r,f/ wpfck
eJYwpfck >ywfodyfaewJh dynamic objects q,f c k t wG u f wG u f & wm[m
wpfckeJYwpfck xduyfaewJh q,fckpm
wGuf&wmxuf trsm;MuD; ydkvdkw,f/
enf;ynmqkdif&m ajz&Sif;csufESpfckawmh
&&SdaeygjyD/
Multi-core CPU awG a&muf&v
dS m
wJt
h cg CPU pGr;f tm;udk yrmPMuD;rm;
pGmjzifh axmufyHhr,f/ Dual- cores u
tm;enf;aewkef;yJqdk&if quad-cores

u physics application twG u f

vdktyfaom MuD;rm;vSwJh pGrf;tm;udk
pwifay;urf;Ekdifvdrfhr,f/ 'geJYwifa&m
avmufyghrvm;/ aoawmh raocsm
ao;bl;/ Quad-cores u vuf&Sd uRef
awmfwYkd&w
dS mxuf trsm;MuD; ydrk o
kd mvGef
aom pGrf;tm;udk axmufyHhay;Ekdifyg
w,f/ 'gayr,fh game engine vdktyf
csufawGuvnf;vkdufjyD; wdk;vmrSmjzpf
vdkY physics applications twGuf tydk
pGrf;tm; b,favmufusefr,fqdkwm
tmrcHcsufr&Sdbl;/ eight-core processors udk apmifhaumif; apmifh&p&m
vnf;&Sdw,f/
- 'kwd,ajz&Sif;csufuawmh Ageia u
xkwfwJh oD;oefY dedicated physics
cards rsKd; oHk;zdkYygyJ/ Hardware topf
rsm;enf;wl vHIYaqmf Edk;qGwJh applications awG vHkavmufpGm &&SdvmrSom
t&Sdef&vmygvdrfhr,f/ xdktcgrSom
wpfcgwnf; xnfhoGif; wyfqifay;rI
MuD;xGm;vmygvdrfhr,f/
Physics udo
k ;kH pGjJ cif;aMumifh CPU

(TECHNOLOGY)

[m if;twGuf tjyif tydt

k vkyaf wGyg
vkyv
f m&w,f/ *dr;f urm0ef;usiu
f yHpk H
aor[kwfawmhbJ tjyifrSmvdk tae
txm;awG ajymif;vJukefEkdifvdkYyJ jzpfyg
w,f/
Physics oHk;pGJvkdufwJhtcg vrf;
aMumif;&Sm path finding AI twGuf
ydk IyfaxG;vmapw,f/ tajctae
taetxm;ajymif;vJuek af om 0ef;usif
eJY qDavsmfatmif on- the- fly nd,lEkdif
&r,f/ vrf;&JU tv,fwnfhwnfhrSm
MuD;rm;wJhausmufwHk; jyKwfusvm&if
*drf;&JUPf&nfwk AI u 'gudk xnfh
oGif; pOf;pm;Ekdif&r,f/ NPC xdef;csKyf
wJh AI [m 0wKudk a&SmifuGif;oGm;wm
'grSr[kwf tumtuG,ftjzpf toHk;
jyKwmrsKd; vkyfEkdif&r,f/
tvif;eJYt&dyf lights and shadows awGvnf; vIyf&Sm;ajymif;vJ dynamic jzpfvm&r,f/ 0wKawGae&m
a&TUajymif;ukefwJhtcg eH&HawG ysufpD;wJh
tcg? MudKwifwGufcsufxm;wJh t&dyfeJY
tvif;awG roHk;Ekdifawmhbl;/ 'gaMumifh
dynamic lighting oHk;pGJzkdY r&Sdrjzpf vdk
tyf v mw,f / jywf o m;xif & S m ;rI
contras+ edrw
hf hJ 0ef;usirf sK;d a&G;cs,jf yD;
a&Smif&mS ;vkYdawmh&w,f/ 'gayr,fh map
ajryHk&JU *&yfzpft&nftaoG; xdckduf
cHpm;&Ekdifw,f/

Munf h w J h t cg multiplayer *d r f ; u
xyfaqmif; wif;usyfrIeJY csKyfxm;ao;
w,f/ tifwmeuftay:upm;wJh sessions twGuf &Ekdifaom bandwidth
eJY latency yJjzpfygw,f/ pdefac:rIu
awmh pufrsm;tm;vHk;ay:u gameplay tay: wkdufdkuf dkufcwfrI&Sdaom
tjzpftysuf events awG jydKifus synchronize jzpf atmifvy
k zf Ykd jzpfygw,f/
tckxdawmh *drf;trsm;pkrSm *drfrm
awG&UJ wnfae&meJY OD;wnfa&GUvsm;rIukd
om synchronize vkyfp&mvdkw,f/
Physics rS game-play tay: du
k cf wf
rI jzpf a pzd k Y q d k & if physics events
tm;vHk;udkvnf; synchronized jydKif
usjzpfatmif vkyf&vdrfhr,f/ taumif
txnf&dS ypn;f awGomrubJ jrifuiG ;f
uG,fapwJh trIefxkrsKd; xdckdufysufpD;rI
Zkefe,fajrrsKd;awG jzpfygw,f/
uHraumif;pGmeJY 'Dwif;usyf csKyf
xdef;rI[m *drf;puf&JU wGufcsufrI pGrf;
tm;rS MuD;rm;pGm uif;vGwfaew,f/
'gayr,fh multiplayer session wpfck

twGif; physics toHk;jyKrItwGuf ajz

&Sif;csufrsm;pGm &Sdygao;w,f/ enf;
AsL[muawmh vufcH client machines
tay: tmHkpkdufwJh synchronization
rqdkpavmufbJvdkwJh physics implementation jzpfygw,f/ 'gaMumifhrdkY
gameplay tay: dkufcwfrI&SdwJh MuD;
rm;vSaom t&m0wK (pufrsm;tm;vHk;
tay: synchronize vkyfzdkYvdkwJh t&m
rsKd;) ta&twGufudk uefYowfxm;&yg
r,f/
tjcm;wpfzufrSm trIefrsm;eJY vkyf
wJh wdrw
f u
dk x
f ?k ao;i,faom0wKav;
rsm;[m pufrsm;tm;vH;k tay: jyD;jynfph kH
wJh synchronization rvdktyfygbl;/
wdrfwkdufxk&JU wnfae&meJY if;u jzpf
apwJh xdckdufysufpD;rI t0ef;t0kdif;
xkxnfavmufudkom jydKifus synchronize vkyfHkeJYwif vHkavmufygjyD
qdkygawmh/ uif;arQmfpifwpfck jydKvJus
rIudk synchronizing effects vkyfwJh
tcg pufrsm;tm;vHk;tay: jydKifus
atmif vkyfoifhwJh t&mawGu tysuf

2. T HE C HALLENGE P OSED IN
MULTIPLAYER GAMING
Gameplay Iaxmifhu Munfh&if
multiplayer *drf; twGif; physics

toHk;jyKrIu pdwf0ifpm;p&mawG jzpfap

w,f/ *drrf mawG[m ajrjyiftaetxm;
awG jyKjyifajymif;vJypfjyD; olYtwGuf
tusKd;tjrwf&atmif jyKvkyfEkdifvdkYyJ/
'gayr,fh single player *drf;eJY ,SOf

azazmf0g&?D 2008 123

(TECHNOLOGY)

tpD; tpte usqif;rIeJY qufET,f&m

damage volume yJjzpfygw,f/ tysuf
tpD; tpte debris awG udk,fwkdif
twGufqkd&if odyfrsm;oGm;vdrfhr,f/
Debris awGtMum; dkufcwfrIudkawmh
rdrdpuftwGif; physics eJYyJ udkifwG,f
oGm;zkdYyg/
*drf;&JU level design aqmufwJh
tcg puwnf;udu
k 'Dvw
kd if;usyf csKyf
xdef;rIrsm; xm;&r,f/ kyfykdif; ouf
a&mufrq
I idk &f m trsm;qH;k aom udp& yfukd
locally ukdifwG,fEkdifzdkYeJY synchronize
vk y f p &m0w K ud k bwf * suf e J Y cG J a 0
uefYowfzdkY jzpfygw,f/
3. THE INCOMPATIBILITY BETWEEN
THE SCRIPTED DIMENSION OF
CERTAIN GAMES AND THE CHAOTIC
NATURE OF PHYSICS

wpf y H k p H w nf ; aom (b,f E S c g

jyefupm;upm;) awGYMuHKcHpm;rIay;wJh
*dr;f tm;vH;k [m taumif;qH;k aom tmHk
cHpm;rI &oudkay;zdkY &nf&G,fw,f/ *drf;
azmfxkwfrI p&dwf taMumif;aMumifh
tJ'Dvdk*drf;rsKd;rSm wpfajzmifhwnf;oGm;
linear level design udk ay;urf;w,f/
*drfrmawGtaeeJY txl;jyKvkyfcsuf?

124

uGefysLwm*sme,f

Mum;jzwf kyf&Sif cutscenes eJY Zmwf

vrf;pOf tuGufcsxm;aom scripted
combat wdkufyGJ yHkpHawG MuHKawGY&apzdkY
aocsmapw,f/ Linear level design
u *dr;f &JU Zmwf&edS t
f wuftusudv
k nf;
xdef;csKyfay;xm;w,f/ *drfrmawG [m
pdwf0ifpm;p&m bmrQr&SdwJh ae&mrSmyJ
0JvSnfhae&r,fqdk&if jiD;aiGYoGm;Muvdrfh
r,f/
vif;yGiahf om *dr;f 0ef;usiaf y;xm;
wJh >cif;csuf rsm;pGmvnf; &Sdawmh&Sdyg
w,f/ RPG trsm;pkeJY Far Cry vdk
outdoor jyify 0ef;usifrSmjzpfaewJh action games rsKd;awG jzpfygw,f/ 'gay
r,fhvnf; action/ adventure *drf;
trsm;pku tpOfvdkuf wpfajzmifhwnf;
oGm; linear 'grSr[kwf semi-linear architecture udkyJ axmufyHhw,f/
'DvdktquftpyfeJY qdk&if physics toHk;jyK&mrSm level designer u
arQmfrSef;rxm;wJh tajctaersKd;vnf;
OD;wnf a&muf&SdoGm;apwwfw,f/
'g[m MuHKMudKufjzpfay:vmwJh emergent gameplay vdkY ac:ygw,f/
'Dvdk gameplay u tjrJtm;jzifh
awmh MudKqdkaxG;ayGYp&mygyJ/ 'gayr,fh
physics toHk;jyKrIaMumifh level &JU ajr

rsufESmjyif taetxm;awG ajymif;vJ

oGm;p&m &Sdw,f/ oGm;vmr&atmif
ydwfrdoGm;wm? Zmwfaumif&JU AI rSm
taESmifht,Sufjzpfwm? script Zmwf
vrf;pOf&JU ta&;MuD;aom ypnf; key
items aysmuf u G , f o G m ;wmrsKd ; qD
OD;wnf a&muf&o
dS mG ;Ekid af o;w,f/ 'Dvkd
jyem trsKd;tpm;[m multiplayer
maps awGrSmvnf; jzpfEkdifw,f/
tusKd;quftaeeJY trsKd;rsKd;aom
ajz&Sif;csufawGudk azmfxkwfxnfhoGif;
ay;xm;&w,f/ oGm;vmzdkY&m vrf;
aMumif; ta&twGuf xyfwdk; xnfhay;
&wmrsKd;? CTF - Tornado twGif;
MuD;rm;wJh 0wKypnf;awG a&GUvsm;ukef
vdkY tajcpkduf pcef;odkY oGm;&mvrf;awG
ydwu
f ek w
f m MuHK&jyD;jyDav/ AsL[m enf;
vrf;opf jzpfEidk af jcawG ay:xGe;f vmwm
rSeaf yr,fh ajryHt
k ay: vH;k 0 ydwrf rd oGm;
atmif *k"rxm;&w,f/ jzpfvmEkdifwJh
twm;tqD;udk z,f&Sm;EkdifzdkY&m *drfrm
awGudk ay;xm;wJh tcGifhtvrf;uawmh
oif;ygw,f/ Unreal Tournament 3
&JU Impact Hrammer udo
k ;kH jyD; z,f&mS ;
vrf;azmufzdkYygyJ/
Gameplay twGuf lyaA' toH;k
csrI Application of Physics ud k
a&SUvrSm quf wifqufoGm;ygr,f/

uGeyf sLwmoifcef;pm

Effect 9: Karaoke Titling

Karaoke pmwef;xdk;&eftwGuf enf;vrf;rsm;pGm toHk;jyKEkdif
ygonf/ ,ckoifcef;pmwGif Adobe photoshop ESifh premiere 6.5 wkYd ukd toH;k jyK pmwef;xk;d jcif;vkyi
f ef;udk avhvm

Munhfygrnf/ yxrOD;qHk; pmwef;rsm; zefwD;&eftwGuf

Adobe photoshop wGif pmwef;ESifh ta&mifrsm; owfrSwf
jyD; ta&mifajy;&eftwGuf premiere 6.5 wGif xnhfoGif;
toHk;jyK&rSm jzpfygonf/ ,ckoifcef;pmwGif oDcsif; wpfyk'f
vHk; tao;pdwfa&;&ef rjzpfEkdifonfhtwGuf Happy Birthday oDcsif;pmom;jzifh simple vkyfjyoGm;rSm jzpfygonf/

layer udk 1 (Red) [k

trnfay;yg/ pmwef;xkd;&mwGif
ta&mifESpfck vkdtyfaomaMumifh yxrpmaMumif;udk
Copy ul; ta&mifajymif;&ygrnf/
3/ Layer Palette xJrS 1 (Red) layer wGif click ESdyfyg/
jyD;vQif ctrl + J ESyd
f Layer Copy ul;yg/ Layer Name
ukd 1 (Blue) [k trnfay; pmrsufESmrS text pmom;udk
tjyma&mif (B-255) ajymif;ay;yg/

1/ Adobe photoshop xJokdY 0ifyg/ File > New wGif

click ESdyfyg/ New dialog box rS preset wGif NTSC
DV 720 x 480 (with gaides) ESifh background contents wGif Transparent udk a&G; OK jzifh xGufyg/

4/ usefaom oDcsif;pmom;rsm;udkvnf; txufygtwdkif;

pmwpfaMumif;udk copy ul; ta&mifESpfckajymif;jyD;
kdufay;&rSm jzpfygonf/ 'kwd,pmom;udk qufvuf
jyKvkyfygrnf/
2/ Tools bar xJrS Text Tool udka&G; 'Happy Birthday
to you' pmom; kdufxnfhay;yg/ jyD;vQif ta&mifudk
teDa&mif ajymif;xm;ay;yg/ Layer palette xJrS Text

5/ Tool Box xJrS Text tool ukda&G; 'Happy birthday

to you' aemufwpfaMumif; xyfkdufay;yg/ ta&mifudk
teDa&mif (R-255) xm;ay;yg/ Layer Palette xJrS
Layer name udk 2 (Red) [k trnfay;xm;yg/ aemuf

azazmf0g&?D 2008 125

uGeyf sLwmoifcef;pm
wpfqifhtwGuf tqifh (3) rSmtwkdif; copy ul;
ta&mif ajymif;xm;ay;yg/

rSwcf suf/
/ usefaomoDcsif;pmom;tm;vHk;udk txuf
ygtwkdif; kdufoGm;ay;yg/ Layer rsm;rS pmvHk;rsm; rxyf
&eftwGuf eye icon wGif on/off vkyf tqifajyovkd
pmom;rsm; kdufoGm;Ekdifygonf/ jyD;vQif Photoshop
format (.psd) jzifh odrf;xm;ay;yg/ pmrsm;kdufjyD;vQif
photoshop xJrS xGufay;yg/

okdY qGJxnhfxm;ay;yg/ Happy Birthday oDcsif; file

udk Audio 1 xJokdY qGJxnhfxm;yg/

8/ pmom;ajy;&eftwGuf video transitions xnhfMunfhyg

rnf/ Window > Show Transitions ukda&G; Transitions box udk zGifhcsxm;ay;yg/ Transitions box xJrS
wipe folder udka&G; wipe transition udk video 1 A
ESihf video 1 B Mum;&Sd Transition ae&modYk qGx
J nhaf y;yg/

6/ Adobe premiere 6.5 xJokdY0if New project wpfck

,lxm;ay;yg/ File > import jzifh pmkdufxm;aom .psd
file udk select vky
f open wGif click ESyd af y;yg/ xyfus
vmaom dialog box xJrS choose layer wGif 1 (Red)
ukd a&G; OK wGif click ESdyfyg/ txufygenf;twkdif;
photoshop xJrS 1 (Blue) layer ukd ac:xnhx
f m;ay;yg/
xkYd aemuf aemufct
H oH;k jyKrnhf Happy Birthday oDcsif;
file ukdvnf; ac:xnhfxm;ay;&ygrnf/

9/ Preview Munhf&eftwGuf project > project settings

> keyframe and Rendering wGif click ESdyfyg/ usvm
aom dialog box xJrS Real Time Preview pmom;a&SU&Sd
check box wGif trSefjcpfxm; OK wGif click ESdyfyg/
jyD;vQif Enter acguf preview Munhf Munhfyg/ oDcsif;
toHa&m Karaoke pmwef;xkd;yHkpHa&m jrifawGU&ygrnf/
7/ teDa&mifxnhx
f m;aom pmom;udk Timeline xJrS Video
1 A xJodkY qGJxnhfay; tjyma&mifpmom;udk video1B

126

uGefysLwm*sme,f

rSwcf suf/ / wpfcgwpf&H xnhfxm;aom transition tae

txm;ESihf oDcsif;rSm uGuw
f jd zpfwwfjyD; rjzpfygu tran-

uGeyf sLwmoifcef;pm
sition udk

oDcsif;ESifhvkduf nday;&ygrnf/ t&ifOD;qHk;

oDcsif;\ yxrwpfaMumif; tptqHk;udk Timeline
xJwGif Enter acguf oDcsif; tp^tqHk; ae&mudk
rSwfom;xm; pmom;ESifh Transition udk vkdovdk nd
xm;ay;jcif;jzifh tqifajyEkdifygonf/ oDcsif;aES;vQif
Transition udk csJUxm;ay; oDcsif;jrefvQif Transition csKHU toHk;jyKay;&rSm jzpfygonf/ pmom; wpf
aMumif;vHk; r[kwfbJ pum;pkwpfpkpDtwGuf em;
xkd;csifvQif atmufygtwkdif; qufvuf jyKvkyfygrnf/

csJUay;jyD; csdefndEkdifygonf/ yHkwGif pmwef;xkd;aES;ae

Transition udk csKHUxm;ay;ygonf/

Happy Birthday pmom; to ae&mwGif

qGJjyD;rS you
okdY qufoGm;rnf jzpfygonf/ xkdYaMumifh to ae&mwGif
cPxdef;jyD; you ae&mokdYoGm;&ef jyKvkyfMunfhygrnf/
10/ Timeline xJrS wipe transition ay:wGif ESpfcsufESdyfay;
yg/ Start = 0 % ESifh End = 100 % jzpfae pmom;wpf
aMumif;vHk; xkd;oGm;jcif; jzpfygonf/ Show Actual
surcer ae&mwGif trSefjcpfxm;yg/ pmwef;xkd;&mwGif
to pmom;xd jzpf&eftwGuf End pmom;atmufwGif
&Sdaom slider bar wHk;rSwpfqifh ta&mifqHk;csifaom
pmvHk;txd csdefay;&rSm jzpfygonf/ yHkwGif to pmvHk;xd
ta&mifa&mufzkdYtwGuf End wefzkd;udk 48 &mckdifEIef;
xm;ay;&ygrnf/

12/ You pmvHk;xd tjynhfjzpf&eftwGuf qufvufjyKvkyf

Munhfygrnf/ Wipe transition ay:wGif Right click
ESdyf copy ukd a&G;yg/ ab;xGufonfhae&mwGif right
click > paste udk a&G;ay;yg/ Transition pmom; &Snf
aevQif jyefcsKHUxm;ay;yg/

11/ Timeline xJwGif Enter acguf pmom;ESifh oDcsif;

ukdufnDrI &Sd r&Sd preview Munhfay;yg/ pmwef;xkd;um
aES;aevQif wipe Transition ukd csKHUay;? jrefaevQif

13/ 'kwd, wipe transition wGif ESpfcsufESdyfyg/ start wefzkd;

48 &mckdifEIef;ESifh End wefzkd; 100 &mckdifEIef;pD a&TUxm;

azazmf0g&?D 2008 127

uGeyf sLwmoifcef;pm
ay;yg/ jyD;vQif OK wGif click ESdyf dialog box rS
xGufay;yg/ preview Munhf Munhfyg/

16/ pmwef;xk;d jyD;om; pmom;rsm;ESihf video file ESpcf k aygif;yHk

udk qufvuf jyKvkyfygrnf/ Time Line Tools box rS
Block Select Tool udk a&G;yg/ jyD;vQif pmwef;xkd;xm;
aom pmom;rsm; tprStqHk; Drag qGJ mouse ukdzdjyD;
video 2 track xJokdY qGJxnhfxm;yg/

14/ pmom;aemufwpfaMumif;tm; Transition tjynhfjzifh

qufvuf vkyfaqmifMunhfygrnf/ File > import jzifh
'kwd, toHk;jyKvkdaom file udk a&SUutwkdif; ac:xnhf
xm;ay;yg/
17/ toH;k jyKvadk om Video file udk file > import jzifh ac:xnhf
xm;yg/ Copy taejzifh ,lxm;aom virtual clip
atmuf&Sd Video 1 A track xJokdY xkd video file udk
qGJxnhfay;yg/ Video 2 track wGif&Sdaom virtual clip
ay:wGif right click > video option > transporcency
usvmaom dialog box wGif Alpha channel ukda&G;
OK wGif Click ESy
d yf g/ Preview Munh
f toH;k jyKEkid yf gjyD/

15/ 'kwd,pmom;ESpfckudk video 1 A ESifh video 1 B xJokdY

qGx
J nhx
f m;ay;yg/ jyD;vQif Transition panel xJrS wipe
> wipe transition udk video 1 A ESifh 1 B Mum;&Sd transition ae&mokdY qGJxnhfay;yg/ taES;tjref rnDygu
txufygtwkdif; Transition wefzkd;rsm;jzifh vkyfaqmif
Munhfyg/ usefpmom;rsm;twGufvnf; enf;twkdif;
yif qufvuf jyKvkyfay;&rSm jzpfygonf/

18/ Movie wpfckvHk;taejzifh Export xkwfvkdygu Virtual

Clip file udk select vkyx
f m;csed w
f iG f Home Key wpfcsuf
ESdyfyg/ (Alt+{) ESdyf Workarea udk prSwf owfrSwfyg/
End key ESdyfyg/ (Alt+}) ESdyf qHk;rSwf owfrSwfyg/
jyD;vQif File > Export Timeline > Movie udka&G;
toH;k jyKvadk om video format udk Export vkyEf idk yf gonf/
VCD, DVD format ukd toH;k jyKvydk gu Export Timeline
rS Adobe MPEG Encoder udak &G; toH;k jyKEkid yf gonf/
rsK;d rif;xGe;f

128

uGefysLwm*sme,f

Photoshop Tutorial
tqifh (1)

Web page

awGrmS
awGY&avh&SdwJh
om;em;
awmufyaom

500 x 200 pixel t&G,f 72 dpi eJY zdi

kt
f opf
wpfck zGifhyg/ Background udk black color
xm;xm;w,f/ Layers palette u Create a
new group button udkESdyfjyD; layer set topf
wpfck jyKvkyfyg/ ,ck Rounded Rectangle
Tool (U) udka&G;yg/ Options palette u radius rSm 20 px xm;yg/ Color tuGuu
f kd uvpf
ESdyfjyD; dark green (# 004653) a&G;yg/ Option
palette u Mu,fyHkav;ab;rS atmufpdkufjrm;
udk ESdyf&if Rounded Rectangle Options xGuf
vmr,f/ Fixed size &JU W ae&mrSm 126 px, H
ae&mrSm 26 px xm;yg/ Canvas tay: uvpf
wpfcsufEdSyfyg/ ay:vmwJh Shape 1 Layer
tuGuftay: right-click ESdyfjyD; Resterize
Layer udk a&G;yg/

tqifh (2)
Layer palette atmufajcu Add a layer
style button udk ESdyfyg/ Drop Shadow eJY
stroke styles awGrSm atmufyg settings rsm;

twkdif;xm;yg/

navigation
design button

av;wpfck
vkyMf unfh
Muygr,f/
Gradient drop down rSm uvpfwpfcsuf
ESdyfjyD; color start, color stop aq;yH;k awGtay:

uvpfESdyf ta&mifa&G;wmawG tqifhqifh vkyf

p&m &Sdw,f/

azazmf0g&D? 2008 129

Photoshop Tutorial
tao;pdwaf jymrjyawmhygbl;/ 'Davmufuawmh prf;vkyf
&if; &oGm;rSmyg/

tqifh (3)
Select > load selection udkoGm;yg/ Setting awG default twdkif;xm;jyD; OK udk uvpfESdyfyg/ Layers palette
u Create a new layer button udk ESdyfyg/ Edit > Stroke
udk oGm;jyD; width udk 4 px, color code udk #004653, location udk inside rSmxm;yg/

130

uGefysLwm*sme,f

tqifh (4)
tqifh (3)u vkyfcJhwJh layer tay: Add a layer style
button uvpfESdyfjyD; Drop shadow, Gradient overlay eJY
Stroke blending options &JU settings awG atmufygtwki
d ;f
ay;yg/

tqifh (7)

tqifh (5)
oifh&JU'DZkdif;u tck 'DyHkpHtwkdif; jzpfae&r,f/

oifh&JU tjzLa&mif polygon layer tay: Drop

Shadow, Inner Shadow eJY Gradient Overlay blending
options layer styles awG&JU settings awGudk atmufyg
twkdif;xm;yg/

tqifh (6)
tck Polygon Tool udk a&G;yg/ Side rSm 3 udk xm;yg/
Polygon option &JU smooth corners rSm check trSwfay;
yg/ Layer topf jyKvkyfjyD;wJhaemuf yHkrSm jyxm;wJhtwkdif;
tjzLa&mif polygon udk qGJyg/ rqGJcif path taetxm;u
Fill pixels a&G;xm;wm aocsmygap/ Layer tuGufrSm
Resterize layer vkyf&wm wpfqifh oufomygvdrfhr,f/

azazmf0g&D? 2008 131

Photoshop Tutorial
tqifh (8)
Polygon layer udk right click ESdyf duplicate yGm;yg/
Edit > Transform > Flip Horizontal udk oGm;yg/ atmufyg

yHkpHtwkdif; &atmifa&TUyg/

tqifh (10)

tqifh (9)
Layer topf jyKvkyfyg/ tjzLa&mif rounded rectangle udk 104 x 24 px t&G,feJYqGJyg/ Layer Style rSm Gradient Overlay blending options awGudk atmufygtwkdif;
ay;yg/ (Layer blend mode rSm linear Burn rSm xm;yg/)

132

uGefysLwm*sme,f

Tools palette uaejyD; Horizontal Type Tool (T) udk

a&G;yg/ Font family udk Eurostile, bold, 18 pt, strong eJY
color code # BDE7EF xm;yg/

Word Annoyance

pdwt
f aESmift
h ,Sujf zpfp&m Word jyem
tcef; (3) tykid ;f (2)
Outline View rS y&ifhxkwfjcif;
Annoyance
Outline format rSm &Sdaeaom documents

udk y&ifh

Print Preview twGif; wnf;jzwfjcif;

Annoyance
Print Preview xJwGif edit vkyfr& jzpfaeygonf/

rxkwfwwf jzpfae&ygonf/
Fix
Fix
Print dialog box twGif;rS Outline qdkwhJ option udk
yxrqH;k &Sm,l&rnf/ pDpOfvsmxm;aom jrifuiG ;f csUJ um;oGm;
jcif;ESifh jydKvJysufjym;oGm;jcif;udpu
dk aqmif&GufpOfutwkdif;
rdrd xkwf,lvkdonhf levels rsm;udk jyay;ygvdrhfrnf/ xkdtcg
File rS print udk a&G;jyD; yHkrSeftwdkif; y&ifhxkwfvdkufHkom
&Sdonf/
Shortening pages

rsm;rS Print

Layout view

udk

&yf j cif ;
Annoyance
Word 2003 wGif print Layout view udk toH;k csc&
Jh mwGif

pmrsufESmt&G,ftpm;ESifh rudkufnDaom cGwD;cGusyHkpHrsKd;jzifh

xGuv
f mygonf/ pmrsuEf mS \txufyidk ;f ? atmufyidk ;f rsm;wGif
wpfvufr\ av;yHkoHk;yHkavmuftxd vGwfaeygawmhonf/

Print Preview toolbar ay:rS Magnifier cvkwfudk

click vkyf aqmif&Guf,lEkdifygonf/
,ckuhJokdY editing vkyfvkdvQif rdrdtaejzifh editing
mode twGi;f Print View udk tvkt
d avsmuf yGiahf pvdrk nfrmS
trSef jzpfonf/ Macro wpfckudk toHk;jyKjcif;jzifhom jyKvkyf

Ekid yf gonf/ tao;pdwf vkyu

f idk yf u
kH kd tcef; (8) wGif azmfjyay;
ygrnf/
Selecting Text and Objects
Word \ automatic selection udk qifojcif;
Annoyance
Text rsm;udk mouse jzifh select vky,
f &l mwGif rdrt
d vk&d dS

aom pum;vHk;rsm;xufykd kwfw&uf zrf;,lwwfonhf

tajctaersKd; &Sdaeygonf/
Fix
Word \

Fix
Word rS toHk;rjyKonhf tjzLom;ae&mrsm; zHk;ay;xm;
wwfonf/ document udk yDyDoo jrifawGUapvkdonhf
oabm jzpfonf/ tqkdyg tjzLom;ae&mrsm;udk restore
vkyf&eftwGuf Tools udka&G;um Options okdYoGm;jyD; View
tab udk click vkyfvkduf&ygonf/ jyD;vQif 'White space
between pages (print view only)' \ box av;wGif check
trSwftom;jyay;vkdufHkom jzpfonf/

pepfusvSaom a&G;cs,fa&; toGiftjyifudk

rSm;,Gi;f pGmjzifh vnfywf vIy&f mS ;oGm;apjcif;aMumifh jzpfygvdrfh
rnf/ xko
d Ydk aqmif&u
G &f ef Tools rS Options a&G;,ljyD; Figure
3.3 wGif jrifawGU&ouhJokdY ay:vmjyD;aemuf Edit tab udk
click vky,
f &l ygonf/ xkad e&mwGif When selecting, automatically select entire word ESifh Use smart paragraph
selection wkdYudk check trSwt
f om; jyKvkyaf y;&onf/ Uncheck trSwt
f om;jyxm;pOfu tajctaeESihf rwlawmhaom
tajctae ajymif;vJoGm;ygvdrhfrnf/

azazmf0g&D? 2008 133

vuf

wkYd

nTe;f

Word 2000 wGifrl smart paragraph selection jzpfap?

Smart-cut-and-paste settings jzpfapcGifhjyKxm;jcif;

r&Sday/

Smart-Cut-and-Paste settings rsm;tm;

xd e f ; csKyf , l j cif ;
Annoyance

pmvH;k azmfjyrI rSm;,Gi;f taygufzmax;ouho

J Ydk tjcm;
pmvHk; jznhfoGif;,l&mwGif cut and paste pepfudk toHk;jyK&ef
vkdtyfonf/ Word XP wGifrl tqkdygvkyfief;pOftwGuf
upgrade vkyx
f m;ay;onf/ jzwfvo
dk nhaf e&mwGif jzwfxw
k f
vku
d af omfvnf; if;jyKwfxu
G o
f mG ;aom pmvH;k ae&mxuf csJU
um;um ae&m ykcd seaf y;vku
d af o;onf/ xkt
d cg xyfjznho
f iG ;f
jyD;onhfwkdif ae&mykd usef&pfaechJonf/
tu,f yxr box wGif 'when selecting, automatically' [lonht
f csuu
f kd check trSwt
f om; jyKvyk x
f m;chJ
vQkif rdrt
d aejzifh tjcm;pmvH;k wpfcu
k kd a&G;cs,fjcif;tprS csuf
csif;aumuf,ljyD; tvkdtavsmuf extend vkyfoGm;wwfyg
onf/ rdrt
d vd&k adS om pmvH;k udk at;at;rSerf eS f drag vkyo
f nhf
wkdif xkdokdY jzpfoGm;Ekdifonf/ Extend vkyfrIonf aemufxyf
pmvHk;ESpfvHk;rS oHk;vHk;txd ygoGm;Ekdifonf/ okdYtwGuf xkd
tajctaersKd;wGif pmvHk;wpfvHk;csif; aumuf,l&rnhftajc
tae jzpfoGm;aponf/
tu,f 'kwd, box twkdif; 'Use smart paragraph
selection' [lonfhtcsufudk check trSwftom; vkyfxm;chJ
vQifrl paragraph mark ESifh paragraph minus wpfckvHk;udk
a&G;cs,,
f &l ef txl;*kpu
dk &f onf/ pmvH;k rS paragraph mark
udk rnfokdYyifjzpfap vSrf;qGJ,lrnhfoabm &Sdonf/ Word
taejzifh vkt
d yfovkd tvG,w
f ul vkyu
f ikd Ef idk &f ef &nf&,
G pf pD Of
xm;chJaomfvnf; toHk;jyKol awmfawmfrsm;rsm;udk uod
uatmuf jzpfaeapawmhonf/ (tu,f xkdokdYaom paragraph mark udk rrSm;,Gi;f ap&eftwGuf jrifawGUvkv
d Qif standard toolbar ay:rS show/Hide qkdonhf cvkwfudk click
vkyfjyD; Tools ukda&G;um Options udk oGm;&onf/ xkdYaemuf
View tab udk click vky,
f u
l m box rS 'paragraph marks' udk
check trSwftom;jyxm;ay;&onf/

134

uGefysLwm*sme,f

Fix

xkdtajctaersKd;udk oabmrwlygu smart-cut-andpaste qkdonhf feature \ tqHk;tjzwfudk vufrcHonhf

oabm jzpfaeygvdrhfrnf/ odkYtwGuf Tools udka&G;um
Options udo
k mG ;jyD; Edit tab udk ESyd ,
f &l onf/ Box rS smartcut-and-paste [lonhf tcsufudk uncheck trSwftom;
jyay;vkdufHkom &Sdonf/ odYkwnf;r[kwf Setting cvkwfukd
ESdyfjyD; xGufay:vmaom Setting dialog box rS Figure 3-4
twkdif; Options rsm;udk toHk;csEkdifygao;onf/

rSmMum;xnhfoGif;aom

Text

wdwdusus a&G;,ljcif;

Annoyance

*Pef;ta&twGufpm&if; odkYr[kwf aMumfjimudk pm&if;

Z,m;yHkpHjyK pmvHk;awGudk a&G;cs,f aumuf,laomtcg
jyem rMumcP MuHKawGU&onf/ pmykd'fwpfydk'f\ aemuf
qHk;rSpmvHk;udk a&G;cs,f,lvkdufonfhtcgwkdif; aemufpmykd'f\
tpykdif; character tcsKdUyg ygvmwwfonf/ xkdokdYjzpfvm
onft
h cgwdik ;f armufpu
f kd jyefa&TU,l&jcif; okYd r[kwf uD;bkwf
rS b,fbufjyjrm;udk toH;k cs,jl cif;rsm; jyKvky&f avh&ydS gonf/
Fix
Options dialog box \ Edit tab ay:&Sd 'Use smart
paragraph selection' [lonfh feature onf wu,fwrf;

tm;jzifh ,ckudpt
wGuf trSefwu,f tultnDay;Edkifyg
onf/ jyemrSm List style twGuf vkdif;vGwf usef&pfae
wwfonf/ taMumif;&if;rSm rawmfwq pmydk'ftrSwftom;
List item \ tqHk;wGif jzwf&m y,fzsufvkdufrdjcif;aMumifh
jzpfwef&monf/
pmvHk;ydk ryg&Sda&;twGuf atmufygenf;rsm;udk toHk;cs
Edkifonf/
uD ; bk w f
Extend selection mode onf armufpfESifh drag vkyf
jcif; okdYr[kwf shift ESdyf,ljcif; uif;apjyD; a&G;cs,frI wkd;csJU
,lEkdif&ef pDpOfxm;onfh Feature wpfck jzpfonf/ Extend
selection mode udk zGifh,l&eftwGuf status bar ay:&Sd EXT
oauFway: double-click vkyfaomfvnf;aumif;? F8 udk

ESyd
f aomfvnf;aumif; vky,
f El idk o
f nf/ rdrd csJUum;,lvadk om
a&G;cs,frIae&mwGif click vkyf jzpfap? csJUum;,lvkdaom
a&G;cs,fcsufudk arrow key udk toH;k csjzpfap vkyEf idk o
f nf/
Extend Selection mode udk jyefydwf&eftwGuf Esc cvkwf
udk ESdyfaomfvnf;aumif;? EXT oauFwudk wpfzefjyef
double-click vkyfaomfvnf;aumif; jzpfEkdifonf/
armuf p f
Text rsm;udk drag vky,
f jl cif;xuf Left margin twGi;f
drag vkyjf cif;u yk
d tqifajyaponf/ xkt
d csed w
f iG f armufpf

ydGKifhwm\ jrm;vm;&mrSm ajrmufESifh ta&SUajrmuf vm;&m

twkdif; &Sdaevdrfhrnf/

uD;bkwfESifh armufpf
rdrd a&G;cs,fvadk om text \ tpykid ;f ae&mwGif insertion
point udk click vkyjf yD; &nfre
S ;f xm;onfh tqH;k ydKG ifah e&mtxd
scroll vky,
f &l ygonf/ xkpd OfwiG f shift udk ESyd x
f m;jyD; csxm;
rnfhae&mwGif click vkyfvkduf&onf/

vuf

wkYd

nTe;f

Extend Selection mode yGiahf epOfumvtwGi;f rdro

d nf
vuf&Sda&G;cs,fxm;aom pmykd'frSm 'kwd,tMudrf a&G;cs,f
rIESifh pwkwtMudrf a&G;cs,frIwkdYudk F8 udk ESdyfjcif;jzifh jyK
vkyfEkdifonf/ pmvHk;wpfvHk; okdYr[kwf pmydk'fwpfykd'fudk
a&G;cs,f&ef &nf&G,fcsuf&Sdonhftcg Extend Selection
mode onf toHk;0ifvSonf/ Document wpfckvHk; a&G;
cs,frItwGufrl Extend Selection udk toHk;csjcif;xuf
jrefqefap&eftwGuf Ctrl + A odkYr[kwf Ctrl - click udk
toHk;jyK&onf/ b,fbuf&Sd margin udk double clicks
vkyfvnf; document wpfckvHk;udk a&G;cs,fEkdifonf/

Click and Type ckdif;aprIudk ydwfxm;jcif;

Annoyance
Word document wpfcktwGif;&Sd vdkif;vTwfwpfae&m
wGif double-click vkyfvkdufaomtcg Word rS tab characters ESifh paragraph marks twGJvkdufMuD; xnfhay;vkduf
onf/ jyemrSm a&SUbufoYkd ,&l ef document ay:okYd click

vkyaf epOf rMumcPqko

d vkd jyefay:aygufvmjcif; jzpfonf/
Fix

wpfco
k x
d m;&efrmS application wpfcrk S wpfcq
k o
D Ydkjzpfap
okYdr[kwf word window av;wpfcrk S tjcm;wpfcq
k o
D Ydk jzpfap
'coolswitch' jzpfap&ef Alt + Tab udk wGJESdyf&eftwGuf
rodrom ajymqkcd jJh cif; jzpfonf/ okYd&mwGif wu,fjh yemrSm
Word \ "click and type" qko
d nfh feature udk zGio
hf ;kH xm;rd
jcif;aMumifhjzpf\/ tqdkyg feature aMumifh tcsdeftxd
roHk;&ao;onhf document \ {&d,mwpfcktwGif; click
vkyfaomtcg pmkdufoGif;&ef pwifaejcif;jzpfonf/ Click
f ef;pOfonf rnfonhf rdrd click vkyo
f nhaf e&m
and Type vkyi
wdkif;okdY insertion point udk o,faqmifoGm;&ef tpDtrH
jyKvkyfxm;jcif;om jzpfonf/
okdYtwGuf if;udk ydwfxm;&ef Tools rS Options
okYdomG ; Edit tab ukEd ydS u
f m Enable Click and Type [laom

azazmf0g&D? 2008 135

tcsufudk box wGif Uncheck trSwftom; jyxm;ay;vkduf

&onf/

wkYd

vuf

nTe;f

tu,f rdrdonf Click and Type udk toHk;cs&ef

oabmus ESpfjcdKufrdygu Option dialog box \ Edit
tab ay:&Sd drop-down list rS 'Default paragraph Style'
udk toHk;jyKonf/ okdYrSom paragraph style udkcs,ljyD;
Word rS paragraph twGuf if;zefwD;rIudk toHk;cs
ay;apygvdrhfrnf/ tqkdyg default style onf yHkrSef
toHk;jyKrIomvQif jzpfonf/
Autocorrect and AutoText

wpfcktwGif; rnfonhf
tvsif t jref xnh f o G i f ; jcif ;

Document

text

yrmPrqkd

pmom;tykdif;av;udk tjcm; document rS &,ljyD;

jyef o H k ; jcif ;
Source document rS text udk copy vkyfjyD; rdrd xnhf
oGif;vkdaom document wGif paste vkyf,lvkduf&onf/
Document wpfck\ Contents wpfckvHk; jyefoHk;jcif;
Word 2003 wGif File rS New odkYoGm;jyD; New Document task pane twGif;&Sd 'From existing document' udk
click vky,
f &l onf/ Word XP qkyd gu File rS New odYkomG ;jyD;
'Choose document' qdkonfhtcsufudk click vkyf,l&onf/
vuf&dS document dialog rS New wGif document udk select
vkyfum Create New button udk ESdyfay;vdkuf&onf/ Word
2000 wGif vuf&Sd document udk zGifhum file ukda&G;jyD; Save
As udk aumuf,u
l m tjcm; trnfwpfcjk zifh odr;f ,lvu
dk yf g/
Insert rS File udk toH;k csum avmavmq,f toH;k jyKaeaom
document wG i f tqk d y g document ud k xnh f o G i f ;

Annoyance

,lEkdifygao;onf/

pmvHk;twlwludk rMumcP ae&mtoD;oD;rSm jyefjyef

xnhfae&onfrSm pdwfnpfnL;p&m jzpf&onf/ Word tpD
tpOfjzifh vkyfvkdygonf/

Documents

trsm;tjym;\ Contents rsm; tm;vHk;udk

jyef o H k ; jcif ;
Document topfwpfckudk zefwD;,lvkdufyg/ xkdYaemuf
Insert rS file command udo
k mG ; rdrx
d nhv
f adk om document

Fix

rnfonhv
f yk if ef;rsK;d udk vkyaf qmifaeonfqo
dk nht
f csuf
ay: rlwnf enf;vrf;trsKd;rsKd; &SdaejyD;jzpfonf/

rsm;udk wpfckcsif; xnhfoGm;Hkyif jzpfonf/

Enter Sample Text

pmom;wk d w k d w pf c k u d k tvk d t avsmuf xnh f o G i f ; jcif ;

Text twGuf AutoCorret wpfck zefw;D ,lvu
dk &f onf/
(tao;pdwo
f v
d v
dk Qif 'Use AutoCorrect Most Effectively'
qkdonhf pmwdkifwpfckjzifh oD;jcm; azmfjyay;ygOD;rnf/ if;wGif
tao;pdwf avhvmEdkifygvdrhfrnf/ wpfckjcm;pD xnhfoGif;vkdrI
ESifhywfouf 'Use AutoText or Don't It's You Choice
u@wGif qufvufazmfjyay;ygrnf/)
pmom;tajrmuftjrm;udk document wpfcktwGif;
xnf h o G i f ; jcif ;
Document Type twGuf template wpfcu
k kd zefw;D ,l&
onf/ (if;udk tcef; (2) wGif&Sd Templates u@wGif azmfjy
chJhjyD; jzpfonf/ Templates twGif; standard text tm;vHk;
xnhf,lyg/ if;onf document topfwpfckcsif;wGif rdrd
zefwD;xm;aom template tay: rlwnfjyD; ay:aygufvmyg
vdrhfrnf/

136

uGefysLwm*sme,f

pmpDpmkduftcsKdUudk vkyfjcif;jzifh erlempmom;wpfckudk

tvsiftjref zefwD;,lEkdifonf/ xkdYaemuf Copy and Paste
udk toHk;csjyD; xnhfoGif;,lEkdifonf/ okdY&mwGif Word tae
jzifh tvkdtavsmuf xnhfoGif;ay;onhfenf;vrf;vnf; &Sdae
ygao;onf/
Type = rand (x,y)
ae&mwGif x ESifh y onf

ta&twGufjzpfjyD; Enter
udk ESdyfay;&onf/
Word onf x ta&twGu&
fo
dS nhf 0gusyg&So
d nhf wpfcpk D
udk y ta&twGu&f adS om paragraph rsm;wGif zefwD;,lay;yg
vdrhfrnf/
Oyrmtm;jzifh = rand (10,5) qkyd gpdYk? 0gus 5 aMumif;pDukd
pmyk'f 10 ckwiG f wpfcck sif; tvkt
d avsmuf zefw;D ay;oGm;rnf
jzpfonf/
qufvufazmfjyygO;D rnf/

uGeyf sLwmoifcef;pm

Photoshop

jzwfvrf;enf;rsm;
'Dwpfv jzwfvrf;enf;rSm "mwfykH effect twGuf tajccH
uswJh design concept wpfckjzpfaom halftone screen
ESifh xyf yHkazmfenf;udk ajymjyygr,f/ yxrqHk; yHk&dyfenf;
ynm tajccH oabmw&m;awG &Sif;jyzdkY vdkvdrfhr,f/
yHkESdyfpm&Guftay:u kyfyHkawG ta&miftaoG; tEkt&ifh
tvif;tarSmifu b,favmufxd pHv
k if<u,f0ygap? wu,fh
t&if;cH cyan, magenta, yellow, black qdw
k hJ CMYK tajccH
ta&mif av;a&mifwnf;udkom tcsKd;tpm;trsKd;rsKd;eJY pyf[yf
xm;wm jzpfygw,f/ tJ'D ta&mifwpfa&mifpDtwGufawmif
saturation wefzdk; tjynfhygjyD; half tone screen vdkYac:wJh
ao;i,faom tpufuav;rsm;&JU t&G,t
f pm; tMuD;tao;
>ywfoyd rf eI YJ omyHak zmfjyD; rsufpt
d jrifukd vSnphf m;ay;jcif;jzpfyg
w,f/ a&aq;? qDaq;yef;csq
D o
JG vdk ta&mif tEkt&ifh pau;
trsKd;rsKd; oHk;xm;wmrsKd;awmif r[kwfygbl;/ vufukdif rSefbD
vl;eJY teD;uyf qGMJ unf&h ifoEd idk yf gw,f/ omreftm;jzifah wmh
halftone screen ray:bJ Eknufatmif wpfvufrtwGif;
0ifqHhwJhtpufuav;rsm; ta&twGuf dot per inch (dpi)
Line per inch (lpi) wefzdk;jrifhjrifhxm;jyD; oHk;Ekdifav aumif;
avyJ/ 'gayr,fh wpfcgwavusawmh artistic value ay:
atmif if; halftone screen awGudk wrifoufouf csJUum;
xyf,ljyD; effect awG jyKvkyfavh &Sdw,f/ ,ck enf;vrf;
awGudkwifjyoGm;&mrSm wif;usyf w&m;aoqefwJh step by
step rsKd;r[kwfbJ photoshop tricks eJY tMurf;zsif;enf;pOf
frame-work udkom wifjyoGm;ygr,f/ udk,fvdktyfwJh 'DZkdif;
taetxm;t& Pf&Sdovdk upm;Munfhyg/

output u

yHkESdyftwGufqdk&if 300 dpi eJY web, on screen

awGtwGufqdk&if 72 dpi xm;wm aumif;ygw,f/

tqihf 2
Halftone screen &atmifvy
k zf Ykd Image mode udk wpfrsK;d
wrnf oH;k &w,f/ Document wpfcx
k rJ mS mode ESprf sK;d oH;k vdYk
r&wmaMumifh document topfxJrSm jyKvkyf jyifqif,ljyD;
jyefac:oHk;&r,f/ vkyfief;pOf acsmarGY jrefqefatmif trick

tqihf 1
ud,
k f halftone screen tjzpfjyKvkycf sifwhJ kyyf u
kH kd zGiyhf g
w,f/ rl&if; rxdckdufbJ vGwfvGwfvyfvyf vkyfvdkY&atmif
Ctrl + J ESdyfjyD; layer udk yGm;ygw,f/ ukd,fh&JU tqHk;owf

azazmf0g&D? 2008 137

uGeyf sLwmoifcef;pm
tqihf 5
Filter >Blur > Gaussian Blur odkYoGm;jyD; Blur wefzdk;

ay;zdkYvnf; vdkaumif;vdkr,f/

av;wpfck ajymjyygr,f/ Layers palette u yGm;xm;wJh

layer topfrmS right click ESy
d jf yD; Duplicate layer udak &G;yg/
ay:vmwJh dialog box u Destination &JUtykdif;? Document drop down menu rSm New udk a&G;yg/ emrnfay;csif
ay;? ray;csifae OK udk ESyd jf yD;wJah emuf rwlwhJ tjcm;Image
mode eJY vdk&m jyifqif,lEkdifr,fh ,m,D workspace oabm
document topfwpfck &vmr,f/
tqihf 3
,m,D document rSm Image> Mode>Grayscale odYk
ajymif;yg/
tqihf 6
tck halftone screen twHk;awG &atmif Image >
Mode > Bitmap odkY ajymif;yg/ Flatlen layers rSm OK udk
ESdyfyg/ 'gu aumfyDyGm;xm;wJh ,m,D workspace yJ[m/

tqihf 4
tjzLtrnf; jzpfoGm;csdefrSm Image > Adjustments>
Threshold odkYoGm;jyD; tvif;tarSmif ukd,fvdk&m tykdif;&
atmif Threshold level a&G;,lyg/ vdktyfygu ukd,fh'DZkdif;
taetxm;t& Adjustments tykid ;f u vd&k m a&G;cs,fo;kH pGzJ Ykd
vdkygvdrfhr,f/
tqihf 7
Resolution tydkif;&JU output rSm yHkESdyftwGufqdk 300,
web on screen twGufqdk 72 xm;yg/ method tydkif;&JU
Use rSm Halftone Screen udka&G;yg/ OK udk ESdyfyg/

tqihf 8
'Dtykdif;uawmh dot av;awG&JU t&G,ftpm; vdk&m&zdkY
wefzdk;udk a&G;cs,fupm;zdkYyJ? dot MuD;MuD; uGJuGJjym;jym; vdkcsif

138

uGefysLwm*sme,f

uGeyf sLwmoifcef;pm

tqihf 10
rl&if;yHkeJY color mode jyefwloGm;&if rl&if;yHktay:
Move Tool (V) eJY jyefvnf qGJwifEkdifygjyD/ ,m,D document udk rvdkcsif&if save rvkyfbJ ydwfypfvdkY&ygjyD/
tqihf 11
tay:u tkyfxm;wJh layer rSm Add layer mask button tay: cvkwE
f ydS jf yD; brush eJY rvdck sifwt
hJ ykid ;f awGzsuf&ef
jzKwfxkwfvdkYvnf;&w,f/ tjcm; selection enf;awGeJY jzwf
xkwfvkdYvnf; &w,f/
&if frequency rSm wefzdk;MuD;MuD; ay;yg/ a&m,SufpGm vdkcsif
&if wefzdk;enf;enf;ay;yg/ Dot &JU shape udkvnf; Round,
Diamond, Elhpse, Line, Square Cross vdk&m a&G;,lEkdif
ygw,f/ Ctrl+Z ESyd jf yD; pdwMf udKurf &rcsi;f prf;oyf vkyaf qmif
yg/
tqihf 9
tck rlvyHkqD jyefydkY&r,f/ Image>Mode> Grayscale
odkYajymif;yg/ aemufwpfqifh Image > Mode> RGB color
odkYr[kwf CMYK color odkY ajymif;yg/

tqihf 12
aemufwpfykdif;uawmh layer blending mode eJY opacity udk upm;Munfhyg/

azazmf0g&D? 2008 139

uGefysLwmoifcef;pm

0if;'dk;Apfpwm ed'gef;
A PROLOGUE TO WINDOWS VISTA
tydkif; (2) tcef; (7)
Getting Stuff Into and Out of Your Computer
rdrdyDpDuGefysLwmrsm;wGif 'pf*spfw,fobm0tm;vHk;jzifh odrf;qnf;
odrk ;DS xm;&mrS puLjzifh tjrJwrf; odr;f xm;Ekid o
f nfh yHpk rH sK;d udv
k nf; vky,
f l
&&Sd&ef vdktyfaeMurnfom jzpfonf/ wpfenf;qkd&aomf Soft Copies
rsm;xuf Hard Copies rsm; jyKvkyf&ef tajctaersm;vnf; tpOftjrJ
&Sdaernf jzpfonf/ odkYtwGuf rdrdwkdYtaejzifh printing vkyfief;pOf
taMumif;udyk g xnho
f iG ;f wifjy&ef vdt
k yfvmygonf/ xkYdtwl Apfpwm\
fax program ESit
hf wl fax machine yHpk t
H oGif toH;k csyHrk sm;vnf; yg0if
aeygvdrhfrnf/ aemufqHk; scanner ESifhtwl vkyfukdifaqmif&GufyHkudkyg
xnhfoGif;wifjyay;&OD;rnf jzpfonf/
Printing Your Masterpiece

0if;'kd;ApfpwmESifh y&ifwmwdkYtMum; tjyeftvSef qufoG,f

vkyfudkifrI enf;vrf;trsKd;rsKd; &SdEkdifaomfvnf; atmufazmfjyyg enf;vrf;
oHk;ckudk trsm;qHk; toHk;jyKMuavh&Sdygonf/
rdrdykd*&rf&Sd File menu rS Print udk a&G;cs,f,ljcif;
Document icon ay:wGif right-click vkyfum Print udk a&G;cs,f
,ljcif;
Document icon udk y&ifwm\ icon ay:odkY drag and drop
vkyf,ljcif;
ay:xGufvmcJhvQif OK [laom cvkwfudk click
vkyfvkdufonfhtcg 0if;'kd;Apfpwmonf csufcsif;qkdovkd y&ifwmqDodkY
Dialog box

140

uGefysLwm*sme,f

uGefysLwmoifcef;pm
yHEk ydS x
f w
k rf nfh papers rsm;udk ydYk ay;vku
d o
f nf/ xko
d Ydk vkyif ef;
oHk;twGuf wpfrdepfcefY apmifh&rnf jzpfonf/ y&ifwmudk
zGifhxm;vkdufonfESifh 0if;'dk;onf tvkdtavsmuf vkyfief;
aqmifwmrsm;udk qufvuf aqmif&Gufay;oGm;ygvdrhfrnf/
y&ifhxkwfvkyfjcif;vkyfief; tqifrajycJhvQif y&ifhxkwf
onfh puLjzifh ruku
d n
f aD omaMumifv
h nf;aumif;? rSed w
f ed w
f ed f
jzpfaevnf;aumif; jzpfwef&monf/ xko
d Ykd aom tajctae
rsKd;wGif print setting udk csdew
f ,
G jf cif;jzifh jzpfap? puLt&nf
taoG; ajymif;vJjzpfap jyKjyifjyD; qufvufaqmif&u
G ,
f El idk f
onf/
y&ifhxkwf&mwGif tcsdefukefoufomap&ef atmufyg
tMuHPftcsKdUudk toHk;csoifhonf/

0if;'k;d pepf\ Help twGi;f rS wduspmG tultnDay;Ekid f

aom tcsufwpfckjzifh trSwfrxif udkufnDcJhvQif
topic odkYr[kwf page twGif;wpfae&modkY rightclick vkyfvkdufum print udk a&G;cs,fvkduf&onf/
0if;'k;d rS rdrt
d wGuf aumfyw
D pfcu
k kd y&ifv
h yk af y;ygonf/
y&ifwmudk tjrefqHk; access vkyf,lap&eftwGuf y&if
wm\icon udk right-click vkyfjyD; Create Shortcut
udk a&G;cs,f,l&onf/ xkdYaemuf twnfjyK&eftvdkYiSm

Yes udk click vkyfay;vkdufyg/ xkdtcg 0if;'kd;MuD;onf

rdrd desktop ay:odkY rdrdy&ifwm\ shortcut wpfckudk
xm;ay;vku
d yf gonf/ y&ifx
h w
k rf nft
h aMumif;t&m files
\ icon udk drag and drop vkyfum y&ifwm\
shortcut ay:odkY csay;vkdufHkom jzpfonf/
Document trsm;tjym;udk vsifjrefpGm y&ifhxkwf&ef
icons tm;vHk;udk select vkyfjyD; right-click vkyf,lum
print udk a&G;cs,fay;vku
d yf g/ 0if;'k;d Apfpwmonf wpfck

jyD; wpfck qifhumqifhum xkwfay;aernf jzpfonf/

k kd rSm;,Gi;f pGm
pmrsufEmS 26 rsufEmS pm document wpfcu
jzifh y&ifhxkwf&ef nTefMum;xm;rdonfudk od&Sdvkdufygu
y&ifwmtm; &yfqkdif;ypf&ef tajctaejzpfvmawmhonf/
xkt
d cgwGif y&ifwm\ icon udk double-click vkyv
f u
dk f
yg/ y&ifwm icon onf taskbar \ clock ab;wGif &Sad ewwf
onf/ rSm;,Gif;pGmnTefMum;rdaom nTefMum;csuftwGuf
Cancel to ent the jab udk a&G;cs,fjyD; click vkyu
f m y,fzsuf
&yfem;&ef nTefMum;ay;Ekdifonf/ y&ifwmrS ay;xm;aom
nTeMf um;csufukd y,fzsufonfqo
dk nfh tcsufukd a&G;cs,fjcif;
jzifhvnf; aqmif&GufEkdifonf/

Troubleshooting your printer

tu,f rdrdtvdk&Sdaom document udk y&ifhxkwf,l

r&EkdifcJhvQif yxrOD;pGm rdrdy&ifwm\ vQyfppfcvkwfukd zGifh
xm;jcif; &Sdr&Sd ppfaq;,l&onf/ odkYr[kwf uGefysLwmESifh
y&ifwmqufoG,fMudK; aocsmpGm qufoG,fxm;rI &Sdr&Sd
ppfaq;&rnf/ odkYwnf;r[kwf y&ifwmwGif puLjznfhwif;
xm;jcif; &Sdr&Sd MunhfIppfaq;&rnf/
tu,f if;wdkYESifhywfouf tm;vHk;tqifajyajy
vkyfxm;jyD;onfhwkdif y&ifwmarmif;ESifxkwfay;jcif; r&Sdygu
tjcm; rD;cvkwfwpfckjzifh ajymif;a&TUwyfqifjyD; prf;oyf,l&
rnf/ y&ifwmud,
k w
f idk f ysupf ;D csKUd ,Gi;f rI tajctaeom jzpfyg
u y&ifwmwpfvHk;\ wefzkd;rSm MuD;jrifhjcif;r&Sdaomfvnf;
jyKjyifrItwGuf tcaMu;aiGu rsm;jym;aeavh&Sdjcif;aMumifh
topf0,f,l vJvS,f toHk;jyK&efom &Sdonf/ xkdodkY tqHk;
tjzwfrsKd;udk vufvGwfpy,f qHk;jzwfjcif;xuf jyKjyifc
rnfrQukefusrnfudk pHkprf;jyD;rSom csifhcsdefwkdif;wm qHk;jzwf
jcif;u ydk tqifajyEkdifygvdrhfrnf/
odkY&mwGif y&ifwmonf aumif;pGm tvkyfvkyfEkdifaom
tajctaewpfckjzifh rD;vif;jyD; tqifoifh taetxm;&Sdae

onfh taetxm;rsKd;qkdygu atmufygtwkdif; ppfaq;

aqmif&Guf,l&rnf jzpfonf/
puLrsm; nyfaejcif; &Sdr&Sd ppfaq;&rnf/ (tu,f
nyfaejcif;&Sad eygu puLudk jyefqx
JG w
k ,
f o
l nft
h cgwGif
jznf;nif;pGm qGJxkwf,l&ygonf/)
Cartridges rsm;wGif rif &Sdr&Sd ppfaq;,l&rnf/ avqm
y&ifwmqkdygu toner udk aq;rIefY&Sdr&Sd ppfaq;,l&yg
rnf/ Test page wpfcktjzpf prf;oyfxkwfMunhfEkdifyg
ao;onf/ xkdodkY vkyfaqmif&ef Start menu odkYoGm;
Control Panel udk ESy
d jf yD; Printers udk a&G;cs,f,v
l u
kd &f
onf/ xkd Printer icons ay:udk axmufjyD; right-click
vkyf,lonfhtcg xGufvmonfh menu rS Properties
udk a&G;cs,f,lum Print Test Page qkdaom cvkwfukd
click vkyfay;vkduf&onf/
y&ifwm\ driver udk upgade vkyf,lyg[k 0if;'kd;
ApfpwmrS tcgtm;avsmfpmG owday; ajymMum;vmwwf
onf/ y&ifwmxkwfvkyfonfhukrPD\ Web site odkY
0ifa&mufjyD; topfvGifqHk; driver wpfckudk awmif;cHjyD;

azazmf0g&?D 2008 141

uGefysLwmoifcef;pm
vkyf,l&onf/ rdrdtoHk;jyKaom y&ifwm
armf',fudk twdtus azmfjy awmif;qkd&ygvdrhfrnf/
download

aemufqHk; rdrdy&ifwmESifh cartridges rsm; xdef;odrf;

umuG,frItwGuf vufwdkYtnTef;wpfck &Sdaeygonf/
y&ifwmudk toH;k rjyKonft
h cg vQyfppfyg0gudk ydwx
f m;
f m;&ef
&ef txl;ojzifh Inkjet printers rsm;twGuf ydwx
Sending and Receiving Faxes

0if;'kd;Apfpwm\ Fax and Scan qkdonfh ydk*&rfonf

toHk;jyKoltm; yDpDuGefysLwmtaejzifhvnf;aumif;? Fax
machine tjzpf vnf;aumif; ESpfrsKd;oHk;EdkifcGifh &Sdap&ef pDpOf
aqmif&Gufay;onf/ Apfpwm\ fax program udk jzwf
fax wpfapmifukd y&ifhxkwfay;&ef ajymMum;ay;vdkufonfESifh
orm;dk;us fax machine wpfckuJhodkYyif vufcH&&Sdaom fax
tm; ul;xkwfay;onf/
xko
d Ykd aqmif&u
G &f eftwGuf vufco
H \
l fax number udk
dkufoGif;jyD; dk;&Sif;aom cover page wpfcak y:wGif jznho
f iG ;f
&if; cvkwfudk ESdyfvkdufyg/ Fax udk ul;xkwfay;rnfh yHkpHjzpf
onf/ wpfO;D wpfa,mufu rdrq
d u
D kd fax wpfapmif ay;ydYkvu
dk f
aomtcg uGefysLwmrS vufcHjyD; &&Sdaom fax udk display
wGif MunhfIEkdifonfh tpDtpOfvnf; jyKvkyfEkdifonf/

ta&;MuD;onf/ zGifhxm;rdcJhygu pufzGifhxm;aom

tylcsdefjzifh rifrsm; cef;ajcmufoGm;apEkdifygonf/
y&ifwmudk wkdufdkufzGifhydwfjcif; rjyKvkyfoifhay/ tzGifh
tydwf cvkww
f pfck toH;k cs roH;k onft
h cg ydwx
f m;&
rnf/ xkdYtjyif cartridges rsm;taejzifh home position wGif tpOftjrJ jyefoGm;jyD;rSom &yfem;aeap&yg
rnf/

tu,f rdrdvkyfief;twGuf fax scanner wpfckjzifh

vnfywfaecJhygu rdrdtaejzifh modem ESifh dial-up phone
line r&Sdaomfvnf; fax vkyfief;pOfudk vkyfaqmifEkdifygao;
onf/ tD;ar;vfwGif attachment taejzifh ydkYouJhodkY faxes
rsm; ay;ydkY&ef txl;jyifqifum yDpDuGef&ufwpfckudk toHk;cs
,laponfh yHkpHrsKd; jzpfonf/
Widnows XP professional twGuf Microsoft
onf fax program udk tuefYtowf jyKvkyfxm;&Sd
onf/ odkYaomf Windows XP Home pD'Day:wGif
uninstalled bonus rsm; item wpfcktaejzifh xm;cJhonf/
xkdodkYaom ykHpHrsKd;jzifh Vista Home Versions wGifvnf;

&SdEdkifonf/
Setting up you Computerized fax machine

Fax ESihf ywfouf vufc,

H jl cif;? ay;ydYk jcif;vkyif ef;pOf
rsm;udk 0if;'kd;ApfpfwmESifhvkyf&ef tvdkYiSm atmufygtcsuf
4 csufudk od&Sdem;vnfxm;&rnf jzpfonf/
A modem with faxing capabilities - Cable modems ESifh DSL modem wkdYonf faxes rsm;udk ray;ydkY
Ekdifay/ Dial-up modems rsm;uom aqmif&GufEkdif
onf/
A dial - up phone line - qJvfzkef;rsm; raqmif&Guf
Edkifay/
Vista's fax program - Apfpwmrsm;xJrS Home Basic ESifh Home Premium wkdYwGif Fax and Scan program ryg0ifay/ Business, Enterpries ESifh Ultimate
version rsm;om cGifhjyKxm;cJhonf/
A scanner - Fax ay;ydYk&eftwGuf scanner wpfck &Sx
d m;
&ygvdrhfrnf/ if;twGuf uGefysLwmxJwGif ryg0ifay/
uGeyf sLwmxJwiG f &Sad om files rsm;udk ay;ydYk jcif;twGurf l
scanner toHk;jyK&ef rvkdtyfay/

142

uGefysLwm*sme,f

wu,fh fax machine wpfcu

k kd pwiftoH;k jyKonft
h cg
ay;ydkYonfh tcgwkdif; &ufpGJrsm;? fax numbers rsm; ponf
jzifh tuGufcs jyifqifrIrsm; tptqHk; jyKvkyf&avh&SdonfrSm
ysi;f &dz,
G &f m jzpfaponf/ 0if;'d;k Apfpwm\ virtual machine
jyifqifonft
h cgwGiv
f nf; xked nf;ESiEf iS f fax account wpfck
udk setting vkyf,l&onfrSm ysif;&dzG,f aumif;vSonf/
Windows XP \ fax program ESifh Vista \ fax
program wdkY rwlnDMuay/ ApfpwmwGif fax program ESifh scanning program wdkYudk aygif;pyf
toHk;jyKxm;ay;onf/ taMumif;rSm rsm;aomtm;jzifh scan
vkyjf yD; fax tjzpf ay;ydYk avh&jdS cif;aMumifh jzpfonf/ odYk twGuf
XP ydk*&rfxuf Apfpwm\ ydk*&rfu ydkjyD; ukd;dk;um;&m;

EkdifvSonf/
Sending a fax directly from a program

Apfpwm\ fax program udk y&ifwmwpfvHk;taejzifh

rSwf,lxm;&onf/ pmwpfapmifjzpfap? ajryHkjzpfap? yHkwpfyHk

uGefysLwmoifcef;pm
Setting up Windows Fax and Scan

rSww
f rf;rSw&f mrsm;udk fax tjzpf ay;ydYk a&;twGuf pwif
rjyifqifrD rdrdtaejzifh program udk OD;pGm Set up vkyf,l&
rnf jzpfonf/ y&ifwmwpfc\
k toGit
f jyifukd jyxm;ouJo
h dkY
Apfpwm\ Print menus wGiv
f nf; fax machine icon av;
wpfc&k adS eygrnf/ Fax udk ay;ydYk,o
l nft
h cg d;k &Si;f pGmyif tqkd
Print menu ydk*&rfay:rS fax machine qkdonfhtcsufudk
a&G;cs,fay;vdkufHkom jzpfonf/
yxrqHk;tMudrf fax wpfapmif ay;ydkY&ef MudK;pm;onfh
tcg ApfpfwmrS atmufygvkyfief;pOftqifhrsm;udk aqmif&Guf
ay;&ef awmif;qkdvmygvdrhfrnf/ ( Advance yHkpHjyK set up
twGurf l Windows Fax and Scan [laom tcsuu
f kd zGi,
hf &l
rnf/ if;onf All Program {&d,mrS a&G;,lEkdifonf/ xkdY
aemuf New Fax cvkwfudk Click vkyfay;vkduf&onf/)
1/ Fax Connection \ trsK;d tpm; a&G;cs,af y;&rnf/
yDpDwGif built-in modem yg&Sdjcif;jzpfygu Fax Mojzpfap? pm&if;Z,m;jzpfap odkYwnf;r[kwf Web Site axmifh
u menu wpfckudk jzpfap fax ydkY &EkdifoGm;jyD jzpfonf/
atmufygvkyfief;pOftqifhvdkuf aqmif&Gufvdkufygu rdrdyDpD
xJrS file wpfcu
k kd vufco
H \
l fax machine rS xkwaf y;aom
cGufxJodkY pm&GuftoGifjzifh a&muf&SdoGm;ygvdrhfrnf/
1/ Document udk zefw;D ,ljy;D yd*k &rf\ File menu rS Print
udk a&G;,lvdkufonf/
Oyrmtm;jzifh rdrpd mpDpmdu
k v
f yk x
f m;aom pmwpfapmifukd
fax ydkY&eftwGuf print udk a&G;vdkufonfESifh yDpDrS y&ifwmqD
odkY a&mufoGm;aponf/
tu,f rdrdonf File odkYr[kwf Print option udk
csr&cJhvQif rdrdtaejzifh hidden menus rsm; xGufay:vmap
&ef Alt cvkwfudk ESdyf&ef vdkygonf/
2/ Print dialog box ay:vmaomtcg y&ifrh S fax udk a&G;jy;D
Print odrYk [kwf OK ukd click vkyaf y;vdu
k &f onf/
xkdtcg New Fax [lonfh 0if;'kd;av; ay:vmrnf/
3/ New Fax 0if;'k;d av;udk jznhq
f nf;rIrsm; jyKvyk &f onf/
Fax Windows av;onf tD;ar;vfwpfapmif\ attach ment window av;ESifh yHkpHwljyD; xkdodkYyif vkyfudkif
aqmif&Guf,lEkdifonf/ uGmjcm;csufrSm vufcHolxHwGif fax
omvQif y&ifhxkwfay;jyD; cover latter onf tD;ar;vf tae
jzifh azmfjyay;rnfh yHkpHjzpfonf/

udk a&G;&mwGif business fax server

uwpfqifh toHk;jyKygu Windows Fax Sever Connection udk a&G;&onf/
2/ rdrd account twGuf trnfwpfckudk a&G;jyD; Create udk
click vky&f rnf/
tqkdygtrnfonf oGm;&rnfh vrf;aMumif; jzpfapyg
onf/ xkdtcsdefwGif Default Fax Account [laom
cvkwfwGif check trSwftom; jyxm;jyD;jzpf&rnf/
Microsoft Windows Fax and Scan ydk*&rftwGuf
ydwfqkdYxm;aMumif; owif;ydkYvmcJhygu Unblock udk click
vkyfay;vdkuf&rnf/ taESmifht,Sufuif;ap&ef odkYaom
blocking pepf yg0ifxm;&Sd&jcif; jzpfonf/
Faxes rsm;udk ydkYjcif;? vufcHjcif; rjyKvkyfrD rdrdtaejzifh
uGefysLwmtm; computeriz fax machine taejzifh set up
vkyfxm;jyD; jzpfaeap&ygvdrhfrnf/
dem Connection

udk

New Fax 0if;'kd;av;wGif jznfhpGufyHkjznhfpGufenf;rsm;

Figure 7.1 wGif jrifawGUEkdifygrnf/

* Recipient vufcHrnfhol\trnfESifh fax number udk rdrd

address book rS a&G;cs,f,l&ef To cvkwfudk ESdyfvkdufyg/
tD;ar;vf ydk*&rfuJhodkYyif address book xm;&SdEkdifonfh

oabmyif jzpfonf/

vufco
H u
l kd a&G;cs,&f ef To cvkwu
f kd ESyd ,
f &l
onf/ xkdYaemuf tay:rS trSmpmtwkdav; dkufoGif;
a&;xm;&onf/

Fig: 7-1

fax

azazmf0g&?D 2008 143

uGefysLwmoifcef;pm
* Cover page note rdrdvdkcsifaomtaetxm;twkdif;

Receiving a Fax

Cover page menu rS

tu,fom rdrdonf fax modem udk csdwfquf

toHk;jyKcJh pum;ajym&ef vdkif;wpfvkdif;yg toifh&SdaecJhygu
0ifvmaom faxes rsm;twGuf tvdt
k avsmuf ajzMum;ay;&ef
fax program udk rSmMum;xm;Ekdifonf/ w,fvDzkef;oH
xGufvmaomtcg uGefysLwmu ajzMum;ay;jcif;? vufcH,l
jcif;? save vkyfay;jcif; jyKay;onfhtjyif uGefysLwm screen
ay:wGif pop-up message jzifh owday;ajymMum;aeygvdrhf
rnf/
Faxes rsm; 0ifvmrIudk tvdktavsmuf ajzMum;ay;&ef
ApfpwmwGif pDrHxm;vdkygu Windows Fax and Scan udk
Start menu \ All Programs rSwpfqifh oGm; zGifh,ljyD;
Tools menu rS Fax Settings udk a&G;,lvkduf&onf/
Figure 7.2 wGif jrifawGU&ouJo
h Ykd Screen wGif ay:vm
onfhtcg Enable Device to Answer the Phone and
Receive Fax [laom tcsufudk box twGif;wGif click
vkyfay;vkduf&onf/ xkdYaemuf Automatically Answer
After 1 Ring udk xyfrH click vkyfxm;ay;vdkuf&onf/

yHkpHtrsKd;tpm;udk a&G;cs,f,l&onf/
jyD;vQif pdwfMudKuf taetxm;twkdif; cover letter udk
a&;oGif;&onf/ (Cover Pages Options rsm;onf Windows XP wGif yg&Sdonfhtwkdif; jzpfaeapouJhodkY fax wkdY\
yHkdk;xHk;pHtwkdif; toifh jyifqifxm;ay;onf/)
* Message body tu,f rdrday;ydkYvdkufaom information udk vufcHrnfh olonfvnf; Apfpwm\ fax program udk toH;k jyKaecJy
h gu Apfpwmonf fax taejzifh ay;ydYk
r&ay/ tD;ar;vf In book wGif attachments taejzifh
0ifomG ;ygvdrrfh nf/ odYktwGuf 0if;'k;d \ atmufajcwGif e-mail
message tjzpfom kdufoGif;azmfjyay;&rnf/

4/ Send cvkwu
f kd click vky&f onf/
Apfpwmonf rdr&d nfneT ;f azmfjyvdu
k o
f \
l fax number
twkdif; tqifh(3)jyD;onfESifh csufcsif; ay;ydkYvkdufygvdrhfrnf/
tu,f fax wpfapmifudk naeydkif;twGif; ay;ydkY
ygu ukefusp&dwf oufomonfudk tav;xm;
vkyaf qmifvydk gu Tools menu ay:wGif &Sad om Fax
Options udk a&G;? naeydkif;rSom ykdYvTwf&ef schedule
jyKvkyf,lEkdifygao;onf/
&Snfvsm;axGjym;aom vkyfief;pOf tqifhqifh rvkyf
aqmifvdkolrsm;twGuf ApfpwmrS fax vkyfief;pOfudk csKHU
vkyfukdifcGifhudkvnf; ay;xm;ygonf/
Windows Fax and Scan ydk*&rftwGif;&Sd Tools
menu rS Sender Information udk a&G;,lvkduf&rnf/
jyD;vQif rdrd fax twGuf cover letter yHkpHay:vmonfh
tavsmuf vdktyfonfhtrnfESifh fax number udk
jznhfpGuf,lEkdifonf/
Fax number udk tjrefq;kH jznho
f iG ;f Ekid af &;twGuf Tools
menu ay:wGif xm;&Sad om Address book rS aumuf,l
&rnf jzpfonf/
E-mail cvkww
f iG f yd*k &rf\ menu wGif yg&So
d nfh Forward udk trSw&
f apum vufco
H \
l fax machine wGif
aMu;eef;yHkpHjzifh tpDt&DxGufvmaprnfjzpfaMumif;
em;vnfoabmaygufxm;&onf/ odkYtwGuf tqkdyg
cvkwfudk toHk;csum tD;ar;vfyHkpHjzifh fax udk vufcHrI
rsm;vnf; aqmif&Gufxm;Ekdifygvdrhfrnf/

144

uGefysLwm*sme,f

rdrdyDpDwGif udk,fydkifw,fvDzkef;vkdif; &Sdaeao;ygu

tvkdtavsmuf ajzMum;ay;&ef fax udk ajymxm;ay;Ekdif
onf/

Fig: 7-2

tu,f yDpDonf pum;ajymvkdif;udk wpfvkdif;wnf;

xm;um &S,f,mvkyfoHk;ae&ygu Figure 7.2 twkdif;

uGefysLwmoifcef;pm
aqmif&Guf,l&ef cufcJaeygvdrhfrnf/ xkdtajctaersKd;wGif
fax udk vGwfroGm;ap&efESifh csufcsif;od&SdEdkifap&ef atmufyg
twkdif; pDpOfaqmif&Gufxm;Ekdifonf/
Manual Answer udk a&G;cs,v
f v
kd Qif w,fvzD ek ;f wpfcck k
0ifvmonfhtcgwkdif; pop-up 0if;'kd;av;ay:vmap
onf/ w,fvDzkef;udk aumufudkifvkdufjyD; wpfzufrS
fax ay;ydkYoHudk Mum;vkdufonfESifh Answer Now udk
pop-up 0if;'k;d av;rS click vkyaf y;vdu
k &f onf/ tqkyd g
options onf uGefysLwmem;wGif tpOfrjywf &Sdaeol
twGufom taumif;qHk;jzpfaeaponf/
Automatically Answer after X rings udk a&G;cs,fvdk
vQif yd*k &rfrS owfrw
S x
f m;aom rings ac:onft
h Mudrf
a&mufonfESifh jyefMum;ay;ygvdrfhrnf/ Oyrmtm;jzifh
5 rings udk a&G;cs,fonfqkdygpkdY/ w,fvDzkef;ac:oH 5

ASUS

MudrfjynfhrSom w,fvDzkef;udk aumufukdifay;jyD; pum;

ajymygu fax udpt
wGuf taESmift
h ,Suf rjzpfEidk af wmh
ay/ tu,ff pum;ajymoHtpm; fax tone wpfckudk
Mum;cJhvQif dk;&Sif;pGmyif rxm;vdkufyg/ Fax machine
onf wpfrdepftMumwGif xyfrH ac:ay;ygvdrhfrnf/
odkYr[kwf w,fvDzkef;udk xyfrHudkifaep&m rvdkawmhay/
0ifvmaom faxes rsm;twGuf rajzMum;&ef fax program udk xm;&Sdvdkygu figure 7.2 wGif jyqkdxm;onfh
twkdif; Enable Device to Answer the Phone and
Receive Faxes udk a&G;cs,fxm;ay;&ef vdktyfygonf/
xkdYaemuf fax udk manually odkYr[kwf automatically
[l rdrdtvdk&Sdovkd xyfrHtoday;xm;&ygvdrhfrnf/
qufvufazmfjyygO;D rnf/
OD;aomif;0if; (yef;cs,&f )D

\ Eee PC

wk w f w d k i f a y tajc
pdu
k f ASUSTeK Computer
INC. \ xkwu
f ek o
f pfwpfck
jzpfonfh Eee PC (subnotebook) udk rdwfqufvdk
ygonf / Display (TFT
LCD) 7 vufronf i,f
onf[k qdkEdkifaomfvnf;
Eee PC \ t&G,t
f pm;t&
oifw
h ifah omtaetxm;jzpf
onf/ Intel \ mobile
CPU udk oHk;xm;jyD; RAM
512MB jzpf o nf / Data
storage udkawmh pdwf0ifpm;
Muygvd r f h r nf / tb,f
aMumifq
h akd omf vuf&Sd oH;k ae
Muaom hard disk drive
rsm;rS cGJxGufum flash hard
drive oHk;xm; jzpfonf/
Storage 2/4/8GB odYkr[kwf
16GB jzpfonf/ odkYjzpf
armfwmvnfo?H tyl'Pfrsm;

udk cHpm;&awmhrnf r[kwf

yg/ Webcam wyfqifxm;
jyD; USB 3 ports, VGA
out, modem, Ethernet,
headphone, microphone
ponf yg0ifonf/ MMC/
SD card reader xnfhxm;
if;onf wpfcsdew
f iG f CD

csyf r sm;ud k tpm;xd k ; rnf h

ae&mvnf;jzpfonf/ 8.9 _
6.5 vufr t&G,ftpm;u
o,f,o
l rd ;f qnf;zdYk&m tae
awmfjzpfjyD; tav;csdefu
ESpfaygifom jzpfonf/ "mwf
cJi,fav;vHk; oHk;&jyD; 3 em&D
Mum toHk;jyKEdkifonf/
trnf a y;yH k E S i f h ywf
ouf Eee onf 'the three
Es' udk &nfne
T ;f jyD; if;onf
'Easy to work, Easy to
learn, Easy to play' [k

t"dym ,f zGiq
hf Ekd ikd af Mumif;udk

u &Sif;jycJhonf/
tqd k y g Eee PC rsm;ud k
wk w f w d k i f a ywG i f 2007
ckESpf atmufwdkbmv 16
&ufu pwif yGx
J w
k cf &hJ m 10
rdepftwGif tvHk;a& 999
a&mif;csc&hJ onf/ tar&duef
jynfaxmifpkwGif c&pfprwf
ASUS

vufaqmiftjzpf emrnf&
aeonf/
Eee PC wGif wyfqif
xm;aom ypnf;rsm;tay:
rlwnf 399 a':vm? 299
a':vm rS 199 a':vm
a&mufonfw
h ikd f wnfaqmuf
xkwv
f yk o
f mG ;rnf[ko&d onf/

azazmf0g&?D 2008 145

uGefysLwmoifcef;pm

1234567890123456789012345678901212345678901234567890123456789012123456789012345678901234567890121
1234567890123456789012345678901212345678901234567890123456789012123456789012345678901234567890121
1234567890123456789012345678901212345678901234567890123456789012123456789012345678901234567890121
1234567890123456789012345678901212345678901234567890123456789012123456789012345678901234567890121
1234567890123456789012345678901212345678901234567890123456789012123456789012345678901234567890121
1234567890123456789012345678901212345678901234567890123456789012123456789012345678901234567890121
1234567890123456789012345678901212345678901234567890123456789012123456789012345678901234567890121
1234567890123456789012345678901212345678901234567890123456789012123456789012345678901234567890121
1234567890123456789012345678901212345678901234567890123456789012123456789012345678901234567890121
1234567890123456789012345678901212345678901234567890123456789012123456789012345678901234567890121
1234567890123456789012345678901212345678901234567890123456789012123456789012345678901234567890121
1234567890123456789012345678901212345678901234567890123456789012123456789012345678901234567890121
1234567890123456789012345678901212345678901234567890123456789012123456789012345678901234567890121
1234567890123456789012345678901212345678901234567890123456789012123456789012345678901234567890121
1234567890123456789012345678901212345678901234567890123456789012123456789012345678901234567890121
1234567890123456789012345678901212345678901234567890123456789012123456789012345678901234567890121
1234567890123456789012345678901212345678901234567890123456789012123456789012345678901234567890121
1234567890123456789012345678901212345678901234567890123456789012123456789012345678901234567890121
1234567890123456789012345678901212345678901234567890123456789012123456789012345678901234567890121
1234567890123456789012345678901212345678901234567890123456789012123456789012345678901234567890121
1234567890123456789012345678901212345678901234567890123456789012123456789012345678901234567890121
1234567890123456789012345678901212345678901234567890123456789012123456789012345678901234567890121
1234567890123456789012345678901212345678901234567890123456789012123456789012345678901234567890121
1234567890123456789012345678901212345678901234567890123456789012123456789012345678901234567890121
1234567890123456789012345678901212345678901234567890123456789012123456789012345678901234567890121
1234567890123456789012345678901212345678901234567890123456789012123456789012345678901234567890121
1234567890123456789012345678901212345678901234567890123456789012123456789012345678901234567890121
1234567890123456789012345678901212345678901234567890123456789012123456789012345678901234567890121
1234567890123456789012345678901212345678901234567890123456789012123456789012345678901234567890121
1234567890123456789012345678901212345678901234567890123456789012123456789012345678901234567890121
1234567890123456789012345678901212345678901234567890123456789012123456789012345678901234567890121
1234567890123456789012345678901212345678901234567890123456789012123456789012345678901234567890121
1234567890123456789012345678901212345678901234567890123456789012123456789012345678901234567890121
1234567890123456789012345678901212345678901234567890123456789012123456789012345678901234567890121
1234567890123456789012345678901212345678901234567890123456789012123456789012345678901234567890121
1234567890123456789012345678901212345678901234567890123456789012123456789012345678901234567890121
1234567890123456789012345678901212345678901234567890123456789012123456789012345678901234567890121
1234567890123456789012345678901212345678901234567890123456789012123456789012345678901234567890121
1234567890123456789012345678901212345678901234567890123456789012123456789012345678901234567890121
1234567890123456789012345678901212345678901234567890123456789012123456789012345678901234567890121
1234567890123456789012345678901212345678901234567890123456789012123456789012345678901234567890121
1234567890123456789012345678901212345678901234567890123456789012123456789012345678901234567890121
1234567890123456789012345678901212345678901234567890123456789012123456789012345678901234567890121
1234567890123456789012345678901212345678901234567890123456789012123456789012345678901234567890121
1234567890123456789012345678901212345678901234567890123456789012123456789012345678901234567890121
1234567890123456789012345678901212345678901234567890123456789012123456789012345678901234567890121
1234567890123456789012345678901212345678901234567890123456789012123456789012345678901234567890121
1234567890123456789012345678901212345678901234567890123456789012123456789012345678901234567890121
1234567890123456789012345678901212345678901234567890123456789012123456789012345678901234567890121
1234567890123456789012345678901212345678901234567890123456789012123456789012345678901234567890121
1234567890123456789012345678901212345678901234567890123456789012123456789012345678901234567890121
1234567890123456789012345678901212345678901234567890123456789012123456789012345678901234567890121
1234567890123456789012345678901212345678901234567890123456789012123456789012345678901234567890121
1234567890123456789012345678901212345678901234567890123456789012123456789012345678901234567890121
1234567890123456789012345678901212345678901234567890123456789012123456789012345678901234567890121
1234567890123456789012345678901212345678901234567890123456789012123456789012345678901234567890121
1234567890123456789012345678901212345678901234567890123456789012123456789012345678901234567890121
1234567890123456789012345678901212345678901234567890123456789012123456789012345678901234567890121
1234567890123456789012345678901212345678901234567890123456789012123456789012345678901234567890121
1234567890123456789012345678901212345678901234567890123456789012123456789012345678901234567890121
1234567890123456789012345678901212345678901234567890123456789012123456789012345678901234567890121
ICROSOFT
1234567890123456789012345678901212345678901234567890123456789012123456789012345678901234567890121
1234567890123456789012345678901212345678901234567890123456789012123456789012345678901234567890121
1234567890123456789012345678901212345678901234567890123456789012123456789012345678901234567890121
1234567890123456789012345678901212345678901234567890123456789012123456789012345678901234567890121
1234567890123456789012345678901212345678901234567890123456789012123456789012345678901234567890121
1234567890123456789012345678901212345678901234567890123456789012123456789012345678901234567890121
1234567890123456789012345678901212345678901234567890123456789012123456789012345678901234567890121
ORD
1234567890123456789012345678901212345678901234567890123456789012123456789012345678901234567890121
1234567890123456789012345678901212345678901234567890123456789012123456789012345678901234567890121
1234567890123456789012345678901212345678901234567890123456789012123456789012345678901234567890121
1234567890123456789012345678901212345678901234567890123456789012123456789012345678901234567890121
1234567890123456789012345678901212345678901234567890123456789012123456789012345678901234567890121
1234567890123456789012345678901212345678901234567890123456789012123456789012345678901234567890121
1234567890123456789012345678901212345678901234567890123456789012123456789012345678901234567890121
1234567890123456789012345678901212345678901234567890123456789012123456789012345678901234567890121
1234567890123456789012345678901212345678901234567890123456789012123456789012345678901234567890121
1234567890123456789012345678901212345678901234567890123456789012123456789012345678901234567890121
1234567890123456789012345678901212345678901234567890123456789012123456789012345678901234567890121
1234567890123456789012345678901212345678901234567890123456789012123456789012345678901234567890121
1234567890123456789012345678901212345678901234567890123456789012123456789012345678901234567890121
1234567890123456789012345678901212345678901234567890123456789012123456789012345678901234567890121
1234567890123456789012345678901212345678901234567890123456789012123456789012345678901234567890121
1234567890123456789012345678901212345678901234567890123456789012123456789012345678901234567890121
1234567890123456789012345678901212345678901234567890123456789012123456789012345678901234567890121
Word wGif zdik f zGijhf cif;? odr;f jcif;? ydwjf cif; ponf aqmif&u
G cf surf sm;onf vuf&Sd
1234567890123456789012345678901212345678901234567890123456789012123456789012345678901234567890121
1234567890123456789012345678901212345678901234567890123456789012123456789012345678901234567890121
1234567890123456789012345678901212345678901234567890123456789012123456789012345678901234567890121
1234567890123456789012345678901212345678901234567890123456789012123456789012345678901234567890121
1234567890123456789012345678901212345678901234567890123456789012123456789012345678901234567890121
uGeyf sLwm oH;k aeolrsm;twGuf txl;tqef; r[kwyf g/ Word version rsm;udk aumif;pGm
1234567890123456789012345678901212345678901234567890123456789012123456789012345678901234567890121
1234567890123456789012345678901212345678901234567890123456789012123456789012345678901234567890121
1234567890123456789012345678901212345678901234567890123456789012123456789012345678901234567890121
1234567890123456789012345678901212345678901234567890123456789012123456789012345678901234567890121
1234567890123456789012345678901212345678901234567890123456789012123456789012345678901234567890121
oH;k vmcJjh y;D jzpfonf/ od&Yk mwGif Word 2007twGuf ydrk kd tajccH usap&ef tjynft
h pHk
1234567890123456789012345678901212345678901234567890123456789012123456789012345678901234567890121
1234567890123456789012345678901212345678901234567890123456789012123456789012345678901234567890121
1234567890123456789012345678901212345678901234567890123456789012123456789012345678901234567890121
1234567890123456789012345678901212345678901234567890123456789012123456789012345678901234567890121
a&;om;aejcif; jzpfygonf/ Word 2007 udk tjrJ oH;k aeolrsm;twGuf wpfcsed w
f iG f
1234567890123456789012345678901212345678901234567890123456789012123456789012345678901234567890121
1234567890123456789012345678901212345678901234567890123456789012123456789012345678901234567890121
1234567890123456789012345678901212345678901234567890123456789012123456789012345678901234567890121
1234567890123456789012345678901212345678901234567890123456789012123456789012345678901234567890121
1234567890123456789012345678901212345678901234567890123456789012123456789012345678901234567890121
tajccHusus uRr;f usio
f mG ;ygvrd rhf nf/ a&;om;xm;aom aqmif&u
G cf surf sm;udk
1234567890123456789012345678901212345678901234567890123456789012123456789012345678901234567890121
1234567890123456789012345678901212345678901234567890123456789012123456789012345678901234567890121
1234567890123456789012345678901212345678901234567890123456789012123456789012345678901234567890121
1234567890123456789012345678901212345678901234567890123456789012123456789012345678901234567890121
wpfcck si;f aqmif&u
G Mf unhaf pvdyk gonf/ if;rS rdrt
d wGuf tjrefq;kH ?
1234567890123456789012345678901212345678901234567890123456789012123456789012345678901234567890121
1234567890123456789012345678901212345678901234567890123456789012123456789012345678901234567890121
1234567890123456789012345678901212345678901234567890123456789012123456789012345678901234567890121
1234567890123456789012345678901212345678901234567890123456789012123456789012345678901234567890121
1234567890123456789012345678901212345678901234567890123456789012123456789012345678901234567890121
tqifajyqH;k enf;vrf;rsm;udk rSwo
f m;um qufvuf oH;k Edik yf gonf/
1234567890123456789012345678901212345678901234567890123456789012123456789012345678901234567890121
1234567890123456789012345678901212345678901234567890123456789012123456789012345678901234567890121
1234567890123456789012345678901212345678901234567890123456789012123456789012345678901234567890121

0if;'d;k twGuf tajccH vrf;nTerf sm;

W
2007
oifcef;pm

146

uGefysLwm*sme,f

uGefysLwmoifcef;pm

21234567890123456789012345678901212345678901234567890123456789012123456789012345678901234567890121
21234567890123456789012345678901212345678901234567890123456789012123456789012345678901234567890121
21234567890123456789012345678901212345678901234567890123456789012123456789012345678901234567890121
21234567890123456789012345678901212345678901234567890123456789012123456789012345678901234567890121
tjcm;aom '.rtf, .msg, jrif u G i f ; ud k taetxm;
21234567890123456789012345678901212345678901234567890123456789012123456789012345678901234567890121
21234567890123456789012345678901212345678901234567890123456789012123456789012345678901234567890121
21234567890123456789012345678901212345678901234567890123456789012123456789012345678901234567890121
.mcw, .wps, .htm, .html' trsKd;rsKd;odkY ajymif;ay;Edkif
21234567890123456789012345678901212345678901234567890123456789012123456789012345678901234567890121
21234567890123456789012345678901212345678901234567890123456789012123456789012345678901234567890121
21234567890123456789012345678901212345678901234567890123456789012123456789012345678901234567890121
ponf
trsKd;tpm; zdik rf sm;udk onf odkYr[kwf taetxm;
21234567890123456789012345678901212345678901234567890123456789012123456789012345678901234567890121
21234567890123456789012345678901212345678901234567890123456789012123456789012345678901234567890121
trsKd;rsKd;jzifh zdkifudk MunhfEdkif
zGifhEdkifonf/
21234567890123456789012345678901212345678901234567890123456789012123456789012345678901234567890121
21234567890123456789012345678901212345678901234567890123456789012123456789012345678901234567890121
21234567890123456789012345678901212345678901234567890123456789012123456789012345678901234567890121
onf/ View tab onf if;
21234567890123456789012345678901212345678901234567890123456789012123456789012345678901234567890121
21234567890123456789012345678901212345678901234567890123456789012123456789012345678901234567890121
21234567890123456789012345678901212345678901234567890123456789012123456789012345678901234567890121
Word
jrifuGif;ajymif;vJjcif;rsm;\
od
r
Y
k
[k
w
f
21234567890123456789012345678901212345678901234567890123456789012123456789012345678901234567890121
21234567890123456789012345678901212345678901234567890123456789012123456789012345678901234567890121
21234567890123456789012345678901212345678901234567890123456789012123456789012345678901234567890121
document jrifuiG ;f udk
A[dkuJhodkY ae&mjzpfjyD; rib21234567890123456789012345678901212345678901234567890123456789012123456789012345678901234567890121
21234567890123456789012345678901212345678901234567890123456789012123456789012345678901234567890121
trs
K
;
d
rs
K
;
d
aj
y
mif
;
j
c
if
;
bon
\ aemufqHk;ae&mwGif
21234567890123456789012345678901212345678901234567890123456789012123456789012345678901234567890121
21234567890123456789012345678901212345678901234567890123456789012123456789012345678901234567890121
21234567890123456789012345678901212345678901234567890123456789012123456789012345678901234567890121
,ck t cg oif o nf awGUEdkifygonf/ View tab
21234567890123456789012345678901212345678901234567890123456789012123456789012345678901234567890121
21234567890123456789012345678901212345678901234567890123456789012123456789012345678901234567890121
21234567890123456789012345678901212345678901234567890123456789012123456789012345678901234567890121
Word zdkifudk wnfaqmuf udk uvpfvkyfvdkufyg/ odkY
21234567890123456789012345678901212345678901234567890123456789012123456789012345678901234567890121
21234567890123456789012345678901212345678901234567890123456789012123456789012345678901234567890121
jcif;? zGijhf cif;? odr;f qnf;jcif; r[kwf Alt+W udk EdSyfvdkuf
21234567890123456789012345678901212345678901234567890123456789012123456789012345678901234567890121
21234567890123456789012345678901212345678901234567890123456789012123456789012345678901234567890121
21234567890123456789012345678901212345678901234567890123456789012123456789012345678901234567890121
vkyfief;pOfrsm;xd od&dSjyD; yg/
21234567890123456789012345678901212345678901234567890123456789012123456789012345678901234567890121
21234567890123456789012345678901212345678901234567890123456789012123456789012345678901234567890121
21234567890123456789012345678901212345678901234567890123456789012123456789012345678901234567890121
k Ykd Word zdik f
View wGif tkyp
f k av;ck
TEMPLATE jzifh
F+S) odYkr[kwf (Ctrl+S) udk jzpfygonf/ xdo
21234567890123456789012345678901212345678901234567890123456789012123456789012345678901234567890121
21234567890123456789012345678901212345678901234567890123456789012123456789012345678901234567890121
21234567890123456789012345678901212345678901234567890123456789012123456789012345678901234567890121
wnfaqmufxm;aom
oHk;Edkifygonf/ xdktcg rlv wpfzdkifudk zGifhxm;pOf jrif cGJjyxm;onfudk awGU&yg
21234567890123456789012345678901212345678901234567890123456789012123456789012345678901234567890121
21234567890123456789012345678901212345678901234567890123456789012123456789012345678901234567890121
21234567890123456789012345678901212345678901234567890123456789012123456789012345678901234567890121
WORD zdik u
f kd zGijhf cif;
pzGifhpOfu zdkifudk tpm;xdk; ae&aom jrifuiG ;f onf oifh rnf/
21234567890123456789012345678901212345678901234567890123456789012123456789012345678901234567890121
21234567890123456789012345678901212345678901234567890123456789012123456789012345678901234567890121
Template
ud
k
toH
k
;
jyK
21234567890123456789012345678901212345678901234567890123456789012123456789012345678901234567890121
odrf;oGm;ygvdrfhrnf/ wpf twGuf ta&;MuD;ygonf/
21234567890123456789012345678901212345678901234567890123456789012123456789012345678901234567890121
21234567890123456789012345678901212345678901234567890123456789012123456789012345678901234567890121
um wnfaqmufxm;onhf enf ; tm;jzif h ,cif zd k i f Oyrmtm;jzifh puLwpf&Guf DOCUMENT VIEWS
21234567890123456789012345678901212345678901234567890123456789012123456789012345678901234567890121
21234567890123456789012345678901212345678901234567890123456789012123456789012345678901234567890121
21234567890123456789012345678901212345678901234567890123456789012123456789012345678901234567890121
h w
k &f ef pmpD&m
if ; wG i f jrif u G i f ;
document od k Y r[k w f a[mif;\ aqmif&Gufxm; ay:wGif y&ifx
21234567890123456789012345678901212345678901234567890123456789012123456789012345678901234567890121
21234567890123456789012345678901212345678901234567890123456789012123456789012345678901234567890121
Word zdkifudk tvG,fwul csuf odkYr[kwf wnfaqmuf wGif tqdkyg puLyHkpHtwdkif; tjynhf MunhfEdkifaomaMumifh
21234567890123456789012345678901212345678901234567890123456789012123456789012345678901234567890121
21234567890123456789012345678901212345678901234567890123456789012123456789012345678901234567890121
21234567890123456789012345678901212345678901234567890123456789012123456789012345678901234567890121
&SmEdkifonf/ if;twGuf
xm;aom yHkpHvnf; aysmuf jrifae&&ef vdktyfygonf/ vkyfaqmifxm;aom yHkrsm;?
21234567890123456789012345678901212345678901234567890123456789012123456789012345678901234567890121
21234567890123456789012345678901212345678901234567890123456789012123456789012345678901234567890121
21234567890123456789012345678901212345678901234567890123456789012123456789012345678901234567890121
Word 2007 wGif ,cif 'DZdkif;tqiftjyifrsm;udk ppf
1/
Word
2007
aqmh
z
f
0
J
u
d
k
oGm;ygvdrfhrnf/ odkYjzpf
21234567890123456789012345678901212345678901234567890123456789012123456789012345678901234567890121
21234567890123456789012345678901212345678901234567890123456789012123456789012345678901234567890121
21234567890123456789012345678901212345678901234567890123456789012123456789012345678901234567890121
zG i f h y g/ if ; wG i f Office Save As (Alt+F+A) udk version ta[mif;rsm;uJhodkY MunfhEdkifonf/ tu,f
21234567890123456789012345678901212345678901234567890123456789012123456789012345678901234567890121
21234567890123456789012345678901212345678901234567890123456789012123456789012345678901234567890121
cvkwfrSwpfqifh Open udk oH;k jyD; zdik t
21234567890123456789012345678901212345678901234567890123456789012123456789012345678901234567890121
f rnftopf wpfck
21234567890123456789012345678901212345678901234567890123456789012123456789012345678901234567890121
21234567890123456789012345678901212345678901234567890123456789012123456789012345678901234567890121
uvpf
v
k
y
f
zG
i
f
h
y
g/
udk ay;Edkifygonf/
Open dialog box wGif My Documents twGi;f &dS
21234567890123456789012345678901212345678901234567890123456789012123456789012345678901234567890121
21234567890123456789012345678901212345678901234567890123456789012123456789012345678901234567890121
21234567890123456789012345678901212345678901234567890123456789012123456789012345678901234567890121
2/
oif
&S
m
aeaom
zd
k
v
f
'
g
Word
2007
ud
k
zG
i
x
h
f
m;
zk
v
d 'f gEiS hf zdik rf sm;udk jyxm;ygonf/ b,fbuf 'Look in:' box
21234567890123456789012345678901212345678901234567890123456789012123456789012345678901234567890121
21234567890123456789012345678901212345678901234567890123456789012123456789012345678901234567890121
21234567890123456789012345678901212345678901234567890123456789012123456789012345678901234567890121
od
k
Y
r
[k
w
f
zd
k
i
f
u
d
k
awG
U
ygu
jyD; Word zdkifrsm;omru wGif rnfonfah e&mwGif &do
S nfukd uvpfvyk f zGiMhf unhEf ikd o
f nf/
21234567890123456789012345678901212345678901234567890123456789012123456789012345678901234567890121
21234567890123456789012345678901212345678901234567890123456789012123456789012345678901234567890121
uvpfvkyf zGifhvdkufyg/ odkY
21234567890123456789012345678901212345678901234567890123456789012123456789012345678901234567890121
21234567890123456789012345678901212345678901234567890123456789012123456789012345678901234567890121
21234567890123456789012345678901212345678901234567890123456789012123456789012345678901234567890121
r[kwf box \ atmufbuf
21234567890123456789012345678901212345678901234567890123456789012123456789012345678901234567890121
21234567890123456789012345678901212345678901234567890123456789012123456789012345678901234567890121
21234567890123456789012345678901212345678901234567890123456789012123456789012345678901234567890121
&dS Open cvkwfudk ESdyfyg/
21234567890123456789012345678901212345678901234567890123456789012123456789012345678901234567890121
21234567890123456789012345678901212345678901234567890123456789012123456789012345678901234567890121
odkY r[kwf box \ nmbuf
21234567890123456789012345678901212345678901234567890123456789012123456789012345678901234567890121
21234567890123456789012345678901212345678901234567890123456789012123456789012345678901234567890121
21234567890123456789012345678901212345678901234567890123456789012123456789012345678901234567890121
jrifuGif;xJ&dS Recent Do21234567890123456789012345678901212345678901234567890123456789012123456789012345678901234567890121
21234567890123456789012345678901212345678901234567890123456789012123456789012345678901234567890121
21234567890123456789012345678901212345678901234567890123456789012123456789012345678901234567890121
cument zdkifrsm;rS a&G;cs,f
21234567890123456789012345678901212345678901234567890123456789012123456789012345678901234567890121
21234567890123456789012345678901212345678901234567890123456789012123456789012345678901234567890121
21234567890123456789012345678901212345678901234567890123456789012123456789012345678901234567890121
zGiEhf ikd o
f nf/ tu,f zdik u
f kd
21234567890123456789012345678901212345678901234567890123456789012123456789012345678901234567890121
21234567890123456789012345678901212345678901234567890123456789012123456789012345678901234567890121
xm;onf
h
ae&mtm;
od
x
m;
21234567890123456789012345678901212345678901234567890123456789012123456789012345678901234567890121
21234567890123456789012345678901212345678901234567890123456789012123456789012345678901234567890121
21234567890123456789012345678901212345678901234567890123456789012123456789012345678901234567890121
jyD; jzpfygu if;ae&modkY
21234567890123456789012345678901212345678901234567890123456789012123456789012345678901234567890121
21234567890123456789012345678901212345678901234567890123456789012123456789012345678901234567890121
21234567890123456789012345678901212345678901234567890123456789012123456789012345678901234567890121
ajymif;um Word zdkiftm;
21234567890123456789012345678901212345678901234567890123456789012123456789012345678901234567890121
21234567890123456789012345678901212345678901234567890123456789012123456789012345678901234567890121
21234567890123456789012345678901212345678901234567890123456789012123456789012345678901234567890121
uvpfESpfcsufEdSyfum wdkuf
21234567890123456789012345678901212345678901234567890123456789012123456789012345678901234567890121
21234567890123456789012345678901212345678901234567890123456789012123456789012345678901234567890121
dkuf zGifhEdkifygonf/
21234567890123456789012345678901212345678901234567890123456789012123456789012345678901234567890121
21234567890123456789012345678901212345678901234567890123456789012123456789012345678901234567890121
21234567890123456789012345678901212345678901234567890123456789012123456789012345678901234567890121
3/ tqdkyg zdkifudk jyifqif
21234567890123456789012345678901212345678901234567890123456789012123456789012345678901234567890121
21234567890123456789012345678901212345678901234567890123456789012123456789012345678901234567890121
21234567890123456789012345678901212345678901234567890123456789012123456789012345678901234567890121
oH;k jyD;onft
h cg Save vky&f
21234567890123456789012345678901212345678901234567890123456789012123456789012345678901234567890121
21234567890123456789012345678901212345678901234567890123456789012123456789012345678901234567890121
ygrnf
/
if
;twGuf (Alt+
21234567890123456789012345678901212345678901234567890123456789012123456789012345678901234567890121
21234567890123456789012345678901212345678901234567890123456789012123456789012345678901234567890121
21234567890123456789012345678901212345678901234567890123456789012123456789012345678901234567890121

azazmf0g&?D 2008 147

uGefysLwmoifcef;pm

1234567890123456789012345678901212345678901234567890123456789012123456789012345678901234567890121
1234567890123456789012345678901212345678901234567890123456789012123456789012345678901234567890121
1234567890123456789012345678901212345678901234567890123456789012123456789012345678901234567890121
1234567890123456789012345678901212345678901234567890123456789012123456789012345678901234567890121
tab (Alt+W) odYk ajymif;yg/
1234567890123456789012345678901212345678901234567890123456789012123456789012345678901234567890121
1234567890123456789012345678901212345678901234567890123456789012123456789012345678901234567890121
1234567890123456789012345678901212345678901234567890123456789012123456789012345678901234567890121
xdktcg ribbon \ b,f
1234567890123456789012345678901212345678901234567890123456789012123456789012345678901234567890121
1234567890123456789012345678901212345678901234567890123456789012123456789012345678901234567890121
1234567890123456789012345678901212345678901234567890123456789012123456789012345678901234567890121
buf
ae&mwGif rnfonfh yHpk H
1234567890123456789012345678901212345678901234567890123456789012123456789012345678901234567890121
1234567890123456789012345678901212345678901234567890123456789012123456789012345678901234567890121
jzifh Munfhvdkonfudk a&G;
1234567890123456789012345678901212345678901234567890123456789012123456789012345678901234567890121
1234567890123456789012345678901212345678901234567890123456789012123456789012345678901234567890121
1234567890123456789012345678901212345678901234567890123456789012123456789012345678901234567890121
cs,fEdkifonf/ xdkYtwl jrif
1234567890123456789012345678901212345678901234567890123456789012123456789012345678901234567890121
1234567890123456789012345678901212345678901234567890123456789012123456789012345678901234567890121
1234567890123456789012345678901212345678901234567890123456789012123456789012345678901234567890121
uGi;f \ atmufajc nmbuf
1234567890123456789012345678901212345678901234567890123456789012123456789012345678901234567890121
1234567890123456789012345678901212345678901234567890123456789012123456789012345678901234567890121
1234567890123456789012345678901212345678901234567890123456789012123456789012345678901234567890121
tjcrf;wGiv
f nf; tqdyk g yHpk H
1234567890123456789012345678901212345678901234567890123456789012123456789012345678901234567890121
1234567890123456789012345678901212345678901234567890123456789012123456789012345678901234567890121
View
tab
onf
oif
\
document
twG
u
f
j
r
if
u
i
G
;
f
rs
K
;
d
pH
u
k
k
d
aj
y
mif
;
vJ
a
y;Ed
i
k
o
f
nf
h
ae&mj
z
pf
o
nf
/
rsKd
;
ud
k
a&G
;
cs,fEdkif&ef icon
1234567890123456789012345678901212345678901234567890123456789012123456789012345678901234567890121
1234567890123456789012345678901212345678901234567890123456789012123456789012345678901234567890121
tqdyk g ribbon xJwiG f 'Document Views, Show/Hide/Zoom, Window' [l
1234567890123456789012345678901212345678901234567890123456789012123456789012345678901234567890121
oauFwav;rsm;jzifh jyay;
1234567890123456789012345678901212345678901234567890123456789012123456789012345678901234567890121
1234567890123456789012345678901212345678901234567890123456789012123456789012345678901234567890121
tkypf k av;ck cGaJ y;xm;onf/
1234567890123456789012345678901212345678901234567890123456789012123456789012345678901234567890121
xm;onf/ if;wdkYrSm
1234567890123456789012345678901212345678901234567890123456789012123456789012345678901234567890121
1234567890123456789012345678901212345678901234567890123456789012123456789012345678901234567890121
Print Layout
1234567890123456789012345678901212345678901234567890123456789012123456789012345678901234567890121
1234567890123456789012345678901212345678901234567890123456789012123456789012345678901234567890121
1234567890123456789012345678901212345678901234567890123456789012123456789012345678901234567890121
pm&Gufrsm;vQif ESpfrsufESmpD onf / od k Y & mwG i f pmvH k ; a&TUjcif;jzifhvnf; csdefEdkifyg Full Screen Reading
1234567890123456789012345678901212345678901234567890123456789012123456789012345678901234567890121
1234567890123456789012345678901212345678901234567890123456789012123456789012345678901234567890121
1234567890123456789012345678901212345678901234567890123456789012123456789012345678901234567890121
Web Layout
jrifEdkifonf/ Web layout, t&G,ftpm; rdrdrsufpdwdkY onf/
1234567890123456789012345678901212345678901234567890123456789012123456789012345678901234567890121
1234567890123456789012345678901212345678901234567890123456789012123456789012345678901234567890121
1234567890123456789012345678901212345678901234567890123456789012123456789012345678901234567890121
Outline ESihf Draft view rsm; Munf&
h tqifajyonfh tae
View ESifh ywfouf Outline
1234567890123456789012345678901212345678901234567890123456789012123456789012345678901234567890121
1234567890123456789012345678901212345678901234567890123456789012123456789012345678901234567890121
vnf; yg0ifonf/
txm;wGif xm;oifyh gonf/ a&SU oif cef; pm rsm;wGif Draft (views) wdkY jzpfMuyg
1234567890123456789012345678901212345678901234567890123456789012123456789012345678901234567890121
1234567890123456789012345678901212345678901234567890123456789012123456789012345678901234567890121
1234567890123456789012345678901212345678901234567890123456789012123456789012345678901234567890121
yHkrSeftm;jzifh 100 &mcdkifEIef; tao;pdwf a&;om;ygrnf/ onf/ if; jycsufrsm;wGif
1234567890123456789012345678901212345678901234567890123456789012123456789012345678901234567890121
1234567890123456789012345678901212345678901234567890123456789012123456789012345678901234567890121
1234567890123456789012345678901212345678901234567890123456789012123456789012345678901234567890121
oifhtwGuf pdwfauseyfzG,f
SHOW/HIDE
wGifxm; tvkyfvkyfMuyg
1234567890123456789012345678901212345678901234567890123456789012123456789012345678901234567890121
1234567890123456789012345678901212345678901234567890123456789012123456789012345678901234567890121
1234567890123456789012345678901212345678901234567890123456789012123456789012345678901234567890121
odkYr[kwf MunfhIppfaq;
if
;
view
wG
i
f
rulers,
onf
/
rd
r
d
a&;om;wnf
a
qmuf
x
m;
1234567890123456789012345678901212345678901234567890123456789012123456789012345678901234567890121
1234567890123456789012345678901212345678901234567890123456789012123456789012345678901234567890121
gridlines wdkYudk rvdktyfyg
onfh DOCUMENT udk tjrif vdkonfrsm;udk jrif&ygrnf/
1234567890123456789012345678901212345678901234567890123456789012123456789012345678901234567890121
1234567890123456789012345678901212345678901234567890123456789012123456789012345678901234567890121
1234567890123456789012345678901212345678901234567890123456789012123456789012345678901234567890121
u acw azsmuf x m;Ed k i f WINDOW
ig;rsK;d jzifh ppfaq;Munfjh cif;
1234567890123456789012345678901212345678901234567890123456789012123456789012345678901234567890121
1234567890123456789012345678901212345678901234567890123456789012123456789012345678901234567890121
1234567890123456789012345678901212345678901234567890123456789012123456789012345678901234567890121
onf
/
if
;
twG
u
f
av;
if
;
onf
tk
y
f
p
k
t
vd
k
u
f
Word 2007 jzifh a&; rSwpf k
1234567890123456789012345678901212345678901234567890123456789012123456789012345678901234567890121
1234567890123456789012345678901212345678901234567890123456789012123456789012345678901234567890121
pmpD o l t rsm;pk o nf
1234567890123456789012345678901212345678901234567890123456789012123456789012345678901234567890121
axmifh tuGux
f w
J iG f trSwf jrifuGif;rsm;udk ,SOfMunfh&m om; wnfaqmufxm;onfh
1234567890123456789012345678901212345678901234567890123456789012123456789012345678901234567890121
1234567890123456789012345678901212345678901234567890123456789012123456789012345678901234567890121
Print
Layout jrifuGif;wGif
oauF
w
jcpf
a
y;jcif
;
?
jzKwf
wG
i
f
o
H
k
;
Muygonf
/
jrif
u
G
i
f
;
pmpD
?
pmrsuf
E
S
m
rsm;ud
k
tjrif
1234567890123456789012345678901212345678901234567890123456789012123456789012345678901234567890121
1234567890123456789012345678901212345678901234567890123456789012123456789012345678901234567890121
1234567890123456789012345678901212345678901234567890123456789012123456789012345678901234567890121
jcif;jzifh jyEdkif? azsmufEdkif topf a zmf j cif ; ? jrif u G i f ; ig;rsKd;jzifh ppfaq;MunhfEdkif xm;wwfMuonf/ if;onf
1234567890123456789012345678901212345678901234567890123456789012123456789012345678901234567890121
1234567890123456789012345678901212345678901234567890123456789012123456789012345678901234567890121
1234567890123456789012345678901212345678901234567890123456789012123456789012345678901234567890121
onf/ jyxm;aom grid- ESpcf u
k kd txufatmuf,OS
f
onf/ Ribbon wGif View puLwpf&Guf\ yHkpHtwdkif;
1234567890123456789012345678901212345678901234567890123456789012123456789012345678901234567890121
1234567890123456789012345678901212345678901234567890123456789012123456789012345678901234567890121
lines rsm;onf y&ifhxkwf Munhfjcif;ESifh jrifuGif;wpfck
1234567890123456789012345678901212345678901234567890123456789012123456789012345678901234567890121
1234567890123456789012345678901212345678901234567890123456789012123456789012345678901234567890121
1234567890123456789012345678901212345678901234567890123456789012123456789012345678901234567890121
onfhtcg rygyg/ tjrifom xJudk cGJ Munfhjcif;rsm;udk
1234567890123456789012345678901212345678901234567890123456789012123456789012345678901234567890121
1234567890123456789012345678901212345678901234567890123456789012123456789012345678901234567890121
1234567890123456789012345678901212345678901234567890123456789012123456789012345678901234567890121
jzpfonf/
jyKvkyfEdkifonf/
1234567890123456789012345678901212345678901234567890123456789012123456789012345678901234567890121
1234567890123456789012345678901212345678901234567890123456789012123456789012345678901234567890121
1234567890123456789012345678901212345678901234567890123456789012123456789012345678901234567890121
rwlaom document
1234567890123456789012345678901212345678901234567890123456789012123456789012345678901234567890121
1234567890123456789012345678901212345678901234567890123456789012123456789012345678901234567890121
ZOOM
ESpfckudk ,SOf Munhfjcif;?
1234567890123456789012345678901212345678901234567890123456789012123456789012345678901234567890121
1234567890123456789012345678901212345678901234567890123456789012123456789012345678901234567890121
1234567890123456789012345678901212345678901234567890123456789012123456789012345678901234567890121
if
;
onf
pm&G
u
r
f
s
u
E
f
m
S
scrolling vkyf Munhfjcif;?
1234567890123456789012345678901212345678901234567890123456789012123456789012345678901234567890121
1234567890123456789012345678901212345678901234567890123456789012123456789012345678901234567890121
1234567890123456789012345678901212345678901234567890123456789012123456789012345678901234567890121
jyif\ tjrifudk csJUjcif;? csKHU if ; rwl a om document
1234567890123456789012345678901212345678901234567890123456789012123456789012345678901234567890121
1234567890123456789012345678901212345678901234567890123456789012123456789012345678901234567890121
1234567890123456789012345678901212345678901234567890123456789012123456789012345678901234567890121
jcif;jzpf if;udk &mckdifEIef; ESpfckudk position wlatmif
1234567890123456789012345678901212345678901234567890123456789012123456789012345678901234567890121
1234567890123456789012345678901212345678901234567890123456789012123456789012345678901234567890121
jzifh jrifuGif;taexm;udk jyKvkyfjcif;udkvnf; aqmif
1234567890123456789012345678901212345678901234567890123456789012123456789012345678901234567890121
1234567890123456789012345678901212345678901234567890123456789012123456789012345678901234567890121
1234567890123456789012345678901212345678901234567890123456789012123456789012345678901234567890121
csdefndjcif;jzpfonf/ Zoom &GufEdkifonf/
1234567890123456789012345678901212345678901234567890123456789012123456789012345678901234567890121
1234567890123456789012345678901212345678901234567890123456789012123456789012345678901234567890121
1234567890123456789012345678901212345678901234567890123456789012123456789012345678901234567890121
tool udk zGifhjyD; csKHUEdkif? csJUEdkif
xdkodkY jrifuGif; tae
1234567890123456789012345678901212345678901234567890123456789012123456789012345678901234567890121
1234567890123456789012345678901212345678901234567890123456789012123456789012345678901234567890121
onf/ pm&Guf taetxm; txm; csdefnd&mwGif Word
1234567890123456789012345678901212345678901234567890123456789012123456789012345678901234567890121
1234567890123456789012345678901212345678901234567890123456789012123456789012345678901234567890121
1234567890123456789012345678901212345678901234567890123456789012123456789012345678901234567890121
odkYr[kwf pmrsufESmrsm;udk \ atmufbuf nmbuf View tab \ b,fbufwiG f document views 5 rsK;d udk
1234567890123456789012345678901212345678901234567890123456789012123456789012345678901234567890121
1234567890123456789012345678901212345678901234567890123456789012123456789012345678901234567890121
1234567890123456789012345678901212345678901234567890123456789012123456789012345678901234567890121
MunhfEdkifonf/ xdkYtjyif pm axmifhwGif (Zoom In -) jyay;xm;onf/ if;wdrYk mS Print Layout, Full Screen
1234567890123456789012345678901212345678901234567890123456789012123456789012345678901234567890121
1234567890123456789012345678901212345678901234567890123456789012123456789012345678901234567890121
1234567890123456789012345678901212345678901234567890123456789012123456789012345678901234567890121
wpfrsuEf mS csi;f ? ESprf suEf mS pD? (Zoom Out +) cvkwfrsm; Reading, Web Layout ESihf Draft wdYk jzpfMuonf/ rnfonfh
1234567890123456789012345678901212345678901234567890123456789012123456789012345678901234567890121
1234567890123456789012345678901212345678901234567890123456789012123456789012345678901234567890121
f nf/
pmrsufESm tjynfhMunhfEdkif jzifh csdefEdkifovdk slider udk view wGirf qdk pmpDjcif;? jyifqifjcif;rsm;udk jyKvyk Ef ikd o
1234567890123456789012345678901212345678901234567890123456789012123456789012345678901234567890121
1234567890123456789012345678901212345678901234567890123456789012123456789012345678901234567890121
1234567890123456789012345678901212345678901234567890123456789012123456789012345678901234567890121

148

uGefysLwm*sme,f

uGefysLwmoifcef;pm

21234567890123456789012345678901212345678901234567890123456789012123456789012345678901234567890121
21234567890123456789012345678901212345678901234567890123456789012123456789012345678901234567890121
21234567890123456789012345678901212345678901234567890123456789012123456789012345678901234567890121
21234567890123456789012345678901212345678901234567890123456789012123456789012345678901234567890121
breaks r&d S a wmh b J yH k E S i f h
21234567890123456789012345678901212345678901234567890123456789012123456789012345678901234567890121
21234567890123456789012345678901212345678901234567890123456789012123456789012345678901234567890121
21234567890123456789012345678901212345678901234567890123456789012123456789012345678901234567890121
'D Z d k i f ; zef w D ; csuf r sm;ud k
21234567890123456789012345678901212345678901234567890123456789012123456789012345678901234567890121
21234567890123456789012345678901212345678901234567890123456789012123456789012345678901234567890121
21234567890123456789012345678901212345678901234567890123456789012123456789012345678901234567890121
vnf; web page toGif jy
21234567890123456789012345678901212345678901234567890123456789012123456789012345678901234567890121
21234567890123456789012345678901212345678901234567890123456789012123456789012345678901234567890121
ay;xm;onf/
21234567890123456789012345678901212345678901234567890123456789012123456789012345678901234567890121
21234567890123456789012345678901212345678901234567890123456789012123456789012345678901234567890121
21234567890123456789012345678901212345678901234567890123456789012123456789012345678901234567890121
21234567890123456789012345678901212345678901234567890123456789012123456789012345678901234567890121
21234567890123456789012345678901212345678901234567890123456789012123456789012345678901234567890121
21234567890123456789012345678901212345678901234567890123456789012123456789012345678901234567890121
OUTLINE (ALT+W+U)
21234567890123456789012345678901212345678901234567890123456789012123456789012345678901234567890121
21234567890123456789012345678901212345678901234567890123456789012123456789012345678901234567890121
21234567890123456789012345678901212345678901234567890123456789012123456789012345678901234567890121
Outline view onf
21234567890123456789012345678901212345678901234567890123456789012123456789012345678901234567890121
21234567890123456789012345678901212345678901234567890123456789012123456789012345678901234567890121
rd
r
a
d
&;om;
wnfaqmufxm;
21234567890123456789012345678901212345678901234567890123456789012123456789012345678901234567890121
21234567890123456789012345678901212345678901234567890123456789012123456789012345678901234567890121
21234567890123456789012345678901212345678901234567890123456789012123456789012345678901234567890121
onfh pmrlMurf;udk jrif&onfh
21234567890123456789012345678901212345678901234567890123456789012123456789012345678901234567890121
21234567890123456789012345678901212345678901234567890123456789012123456789012345678901234567890121
21234567890123456789012345678901212345678901234567890123456789012123456789012345678901234567890121
toGifjzpfjyD; acgif;pD;rsm;?
21234567890123456789012345678901212345678901234567890123456789012123456789012345678901234567890121
21234567890123456789012345678901212345678901234567890123456789012123456789012345678901234567890121
tcef ; cG J r sm;? tyd k ' f c G J r sm;
21234567890123456789012345678901212345678901234567890123456789012123456789012345678901234567890121
21234567890123456789012345678901212345678901234567890123456789012123456789012345678901234567890121
21234567890123456789012345678901212345678901234567890123456789012123456789012345678901234567890121
ponf tMurf;xnf yHkpHrsKd;
21234567890123456789012345678901212345678901234567890123456789012123456789012345678901234567890121
21234567890123456789012345678901212345678901234567890123456789012123456789012345678901234567890121
21234567890123456789012345678901212345678901234567890123456789012123456789012345678901234567890121
jzpf o nf / pma&;om;ol
21234567890123456789012345678901212345678901234567890123456789012123456789012345678901234567890121
21234567890123456789012345678901212345678901234567890123456789012123456789012345678901234567890121
21234567890123456789012345678901212345678901234567890123456789012123456789012345678901234567890121
tcsKdUu tqdkyg Outline
21234567890123456789012345678901212345678901234567890123456789012123456789012345678901234567890121
21234567890123456789012345678901212345678901234567890123456789012123456789012345678901234567890121
view udk ESpfoufMuonf/
21234567890123456789012345678901212345678901234567890123456789012123456789012345678901234567890121
21234567890123456789012345678901212345678901234567890123456789012123456789012345678901234567890121
21234567890123456789012345678901212345678901234567890123456789012123456789012345678901234567890121
21234567890123456789012345678901212345678901234567890123456789012123456789012345678901234567890121
21234567890123456789012345678901212345678901234567890123456789012123456789012345678901234567890121
21234567890123456789012345678901212345678901234567890123456789012123456789012345678901234567890121
DRAFT (ALT+W+V)
21234567890123456789012345678901212345678901234567890123456789012123456789012345678901234567890121
21234567890123456789012345678901212345678901234567890123456789012123456789012345678901234567890121
Draft view wGif pmom;? pmyd'k rf sm;udk txl; aooyfpmG jyay;xm;jy;D headers, footers, page
21234567890123456789012345678901212345678901234567890123456789012123456789012345678901234567890121
if;wGif rdrd a&;om;
21234567890123456789012345678901212345678901234567890123456789012123456789012345678901234567890121
21234567890123456789012345678901212345678901234567890123456789012123456789012345678901234567890121
format
ponf
j
y
K
v
y
k
c
f
s
u
r
f
s
m
;ud
k
acw
azs
m
uf
x
m;onf
/
pmrs
u
E
f
m
S
rs
m
;ud
k
wpf
q
uf
w
nf
;
wnfaqmufxm;onfh pm
21234567890123456789012345678901212345678901234567890123456789012123456789012345678901234567890121
21234567890123456789012345678901212345678901234567890123456789012123456789012345678901234567890121
21234567890123456789012345678901212345678901234567890123456789012123456789012345678901234567890121
&S
i
;
f
vif
;
pG
m
j
r
if
E
i
k
d
o
f
nf
/
pmrs
u
E
f
m
S
j
c
m;j
c
if
;
ud
k
tpuf
v
i
k
d
;
f
rs
m
;j
z
if
h
j
y
onf
/
rsuf E S m rsm;ud k wpf q uf
21234567890123456789012345678901212345678901234567890123456789012123456789012345678901234567890121
21234567890123456789012345678901212345678901234567890123456789012123456789012345678901234567890121
21234567890123456789012345678901212345678901234567890123456789012123456789012345678901234567890121
wnf; jrifEdkifjyD; roll-up,
21234567890123456789012345678901212345678901234567890123456789012123456789012345678901234567890121
21234567890123456789012345678901212345678901234567890123456789012123456789012345678901234567890121
roll-down vkyf MunfhHk
21234567890123456789012345678901212345678901234567890123456789012123456789012345678901234567890121
jyay;xm;jyD; y&ifhxkwfvQif tjyifrsm;twdkif; &Edkifonf/ rnf/
21234567890123456789012345678901212345678901234567890123456789012123456789012345678901234567890121
21234567890123456789012345678901212345678901234567890123456789012123456789012345678901234567890121
om jzpfonf/ Headers,
if
;
\
tay:
b,f
21234567890123456789012345678901212345678901234567890123456789012123456789012345678901234567890121
vnf; rdrd wnfaqmufxm;
21234567890123456789012345678901212345678901234567890123456789012123456789012345678901234567890121
21234567890123456789012345678901212345678901234567890123456789012123456789012345678901234567890121
h iG f Save, Print footers, page breaks rsm;
onf h toG i f t jyif r sm; FULL S CREEN R EADING bufaxmifw
21234567890123456789012345678901212345678901234567890123456789012123456789012345678901234567890121
21234567890123456789012345678901212345678901234567890123456789012123456789012345678901234567890121
21234567890123456789012345678901212345678901234567890123456789012123456789012345678901234567890121
ESifh Tools tcsKdU&dSjyD; nm udk azsmufxm;jyD; pmrsufESm
twdkif; &&dSEdkif jzpfonf/ (ALT+W+F)
21234567890123456789012345678901212345678901234567890123456789012123456789012345678901234567890121
21234567890123456789012345678901212345678901234567890123456789012123456789012345678901234567890121
21234567890123456789012345678901212345678901234567890123456789012123456789012345678901234567890121
Word wG i f a&;om; buf axmif h w G i f View jcm;jcif;udk tpufvdkif;jzifh
21234567890123456789012345678901212345678901234567890123456789012123456789012345678901234567890121
21234567890123456789012345678901212345678901234567890123456789012123456789012345678901234567890121
wnfaqmufxm;onfh t&m Options &dSonf/ if;wGif jyonf/ rdrd vkyfudkifjyD;xm;
PRINT LAYOUT
21234567890123456789012345678901212345678901234567890123456789012123456789012345678901234567890121
21234567890123456789012345678901212345678901234567890123456789012123456789012345678901234567890121
21234567890123456789012345678901212345678901234567890123456789012123456789012345678901234567890121
(A
LT
+W+P)
tm;vH;k udk pmrsufEmS tjynfh ajymif;vJMunhfvdkonfh jrif onfh pmrsufESmjrifuGif;udk
21234567890123456789012345678901212345678901234567890123456789012123456789012345678901234567890121
21234567890123456789012345678901212345678901234567890123456789012123456789012345678901234567890121
21234567890123456789012345678901212345678901234567890123456789012123456789012345678901234567890121
toHk; trsm;qHk; view jrifEdkifonf/ Word \ rib- uGif; trsKd;tpm;rsm;pGm &dS tjrefMunhfEdkifjyD; tvGef
21234567890123456789012345678901212345678901234567890123456789012123456789012345678901234567890121
21234567890123456789012345678901212345678901234567890123456789012123456789012345678901234567890121
jzpf o nf / Document bon, tools, menu, icon onf/ yHkrSef jrifuGif;odkY jyef &Snfvsm;aom documents
21234567890123456789012345678901212345678901234567890123456789012123456789012345678901234567890121
21234567890123456789012345678901212345678901234567890123456789012123456789012345678901234567890121
21234567890123456789012345678901212345678901234567890123456789012123456789012345678901234567890121
topftjzpf pzGifhvQif if; ponfwdkYudk acw azsmuf a&muf & ef Close ud k rsm;twG u f oH k ; Muonf /
21234567890123456789012345678901212345678901234567890123456789012123456789012345678901234567890121
21234567890123456789012345678901212345678901234567890123456789012123456789012345678901234567890121
21234567890123456789012345678901212345678901234567890123456789012123456789012345678901234567890121
&Sif;vif;pGm ppfaq;MunhfI
view jzifh jyay;xm;wwf ay;xm; jrifuGif; ydkrdkus,f EdSyf&ygrnf/
21234567890123456789012345678901212345678901234567890123456789012123456789012345678901234567890121
21234567890123456789012345678901212345678901234567890123456789012123456789012345678901234567890121
Edkifonfh view vnf; jzpf
21234567890123456789012345678901212345678901234567890123456789012123456789012345678901234567890121
onf
/
pm&G
u
f
od
k
Y
r
[k
w
f
pm
vmjyD
;
pmrsuf
E
S
m
ud
k
tjynf
h
21234567890123456789012345678901212345678901234567890123456789012123456789012345678901234567890121
21234567890123456789012345678901212345678901234567890123456789012123456789012345678901234567890121
onf/
rsufESmwpfrsufESmudk armf t0 jrif& jcif; vnf; jzpf WEB LAYOUT
21234567890123456789012345678901212345678901234567890123456789012123456789012345678901234567890121
21234567890123456789012345678901212345678901234567890123456789012123456789012345678901234567890121
21234567890123456789012345678901212345678901234567890123456789012123456789012345678901234567890121
eD w m tus,f t 0ef ; ay: onf/ pmtkyu
f kd zwfouJo
h Ykd (ALT+W+L)
21234567890123456789012345678901212345678901234567890123456789012123456789012345678901234567890121
21234567890123456789012345678901212345678901234567890123456789012123456789012345678901234567890121
21234567890123456789012345678901212345678901234567890123456789012123456789012345678901234567890121
rl
w
nf
j
yD
;
jyay;ygonf
/
oif\ document udk WINDOWS TOOLS rsm;udk
zwf

I
E
d
k
i
f
o
nf
/
od
k
Y
&
mwG
if
21234567890123456789012345678901212345678901234567890123456789012123456789012345678901234567890121
21234567890123456789012345678901212345678901234567890123456789012123456789012345678901234567890121
k jf cif;ESihf
txl;ojzifh pmrsufESm\ Word \ aqmif&Gufcsuf web page wpfrsufEmS tjzpf azmfxw
21234567890123456789012345678901212345678901234567890123456789012123456789012345678901234567890121
21234567890123456789012345678901212345678901234567890123456789012123456789012345678901234567890121
21234567890123456789012345678901212345678901234567890123456789012123456789012345678901234567890121
azs
m
uf
xm;jcif;
(width)
ud
k
tjynf
h
jrif
E
i
k
d
j
f
yD
;
jyay;xm;jyD
;
pmrsuf
E
S
m
rsm;ud
k
azsmuf
x
m;aom
21234567890123456789012345678901212345678901234567890123456789012123456789012345678901234567890121
21234567890123456789012345678901212345678901234567890123456789012123456789012345678901234567890121
21234567890123456789012345678901212345678901234567890123456789012123456789012345678901234567890121
Word onf oif \
(height) udk wpf0ufrQom aMumifh Oyrmtm;jzifh jyif tm;vHk;udk rcGJxm;bJ wpf
21234567890123456789012345678901212345678901234567890123456789012123456789012345678901234567890121
21234567890123456789012345678901212345678901234567890123456789012123456789012345678901234567890121
21234567890123456789012345678901212345678901234567890123456789012123456789012345678901234567890121
jyay;Edkifonf/ y&ifhxkwf qifvdkvQif if;jrifuGif;udk qufwnf; jrifae&onf/ documents rsm;udk a&;om;
21234567890123456789012345678901212345678901234567890123456789012123456789012345678901234567890121
21234567890123456789012345678901212345678901234567890123456789012123456789012345678901234567890121
vQif jrif & onf h toG i f (Close) jyef y d w f & ygvd r f h wpf enf; tm; jzifh page wnfaqmufjcif; vkyfief;
21234567890123456789012345678901212345678901234567890123456789012123456789012345678901234567890121
21234567890123456789012345678901212345678901234567890123456789012123456789012345678901234567890121
21234567890123456789012345678901212345678901234567890123456789012123456789012345678901234567890121

azazmf0g&?D 2008 149

uGefysLwmoifcef;pm

1234567890123456789012345678901212345678901234567890123456789012123456789012345678901234567890121
1234567890123456789012345678901212345678901234567890123456789012123456789012345678901234567890121
1234567890123456789012345678901212345678901234567890123456789012123456789012345678901234567890121
1234567890123456789012345678901212345678901234567890123456789012123456789012345678901234567890121
rsm;wGif tjriftm;jzifh tul odkYr[kwf oHk; r&Edkifonfh
1234567890123456789012345678901212345678901234567890123456789012123456789012345678901234567890121
1234567890123456789012345678901212345678901234567890123456789012123456789012345678901234567890121
1234567890123456789012345678901212345678901234567890123456789012123456789012345678901234567890121
tnD rsm;pGmay;xm;onf/ tools tcsKdUudk rD;cdk;a&mifjzifh
1234567890123456789012345678901212345678901234567890123456789012123456789012345678901234567890121
1234567890123456789012345678901212345678901234567890123456789012123456789012345678901234567890121
1234567890123456789012345678901212345678901234567890123456789012123456789012345678901234567890121
Oyrmtm;jzifh Rulers ESifh jyay;xm;jyD; if;udk xdawGU
1234567890123456789012345678901212345678901234567890123456789012123456789012345678901234567890121
1234567890123456789012345678901212345678901234567890123456789012123456789012345678901234567890121
gridlines wdkYonf pmpD&m r&Edkifyg/
1234567890123456789012345678901212345678901234567890123456789012123456789012345678901234567890121
1234567890123456789012345678901212345678901234567890123456789012123456789012345678901234567890121
1234567890123456789012345678901212345678901234567890123456789012123456789012345678901234567890121
wGif xif&mS ;aom axmuful
1234567890123456789012345678901212345678901234567890123456789012123456789012345678901234567890121
1234567890123456789012345678901212345678901234567890123456789012123456789012345678901234567890121
1234567890123456789012345678901212345678901234567890123456789012123456789012345678901234567890121
rIjzpfonf/ if;wdYk onf y&ifh RULER
1234567890123456789012345678901212345678901234567890123456789012123456789012345678901234567890121
1234567890123456789012345678901212345678901234567890123456789012123456789012345678901234567890121
1234567890123456789012345678901212345678901234567890123456789012123456789012345678901234567890121
Ruler udk vG,v
f ,
G u
f l
xkwf,lonfhtcg ryg0ifMu
1234567890123456789012345678901212345678901234567890123456789012123456789012345678901234567890121
1234567890123456789012345678901212345678901234567890123456789012123456789012345678901234567890121
ul
aywH
[
k
qd
E
k
i
k
d
o
f
nf
/
if
;
yg/
od
k
Y
&
mwG
i
f
tcsKd
U
aom
1234567890123456789012345678901212345678901234567890123456789012123456789012345678901234567890121
1234567890123456789012345678901212345678901234567890123456789012123456789012345678901234567890121
1234567890123456789012345678901212345678901234567890123456789012123456789012345678901234567890121
tools rsm;ud k roH k ; aomf jzifh rm*sifrsm; qGJjcif;? tabs
1234567890123456789012345678901212345678901234567890123456789012123456789012345678901234567890121
1234567890123456789012345678901212345678901234567890123456789012123456789012345678901234567890121
1234567890123456789012345678901212345678901234567890123456789012123456789012345678901234567890121
vnf; tjrifwiG f Iyaf xG;rIukd rsm; owf r S w f j cif ; ponf
1234567890123456789012345678901212345678901234567890123456789012123456789012345678901234567890121
1234567890123456789012345678901212345678901234567890123456789012123456789012345678901234567890121
k kd tqif
jzpfapjyD; jrifuGif;ae&mudk pmrsuEf mS zGUJ pnf;yHu
1234567890123456789012345678901212345678901234567890123456789012123456789012345678901234567890121
1234567890123456789012345678901212345678901234567890123456789012123456789012345678901234567890121
1234567890123456789012345678901212345678901234567890123456789012123456789012345678901234567890121
usOf ; ajrmif ; apygonf / ajypGm jyKvkyfay;Edkifonf/
1234567890123456789012345678901212345678901234567890123456789012123456789012345678901234567890121
1234567890123456789012345678901212345678901234567890123456789012123456789012345678901234567890121
1234567890123456789012345678901212345678901234567890123456789012123456789012345678901234567890121
odkYjzpf tools tcsKdUudk rvdk
1234567890123456789012345678901212345678901234567890123456789012123456789012345678901234567890121
1234567890123456789012345678901212345678901234567890123456789012123456789012345678901234567890121
1234567890123456789012345678901212345678901234567890123456789012123456789012345678901234567890121
tyfvQif acwazsmufxm; GRIDLINES
1234567890123456789012345678901212345678901234567890123456789012123456789012345678901234567890121
1234567890123456789012345678901212345678901234567890123456789012123456789012345678901234567890121
EdkifjyD; vdktyfvQif tjref jyef
Gridlines onf pm
1234567890123456789012345678901212345678901234567890123456789012123456789012345678901234567890121
1234567890123456789012345678901212345678901234567890123456789012123456789012345678901234567890121
1234567890123456789012345678901212345678901234567890123456789012123456789012345678901234567890121
azmf
a
y;Ed
k
i
f
o
nf
/
if
;
\
rsuf
E
Smay:odkY av;axmifh onf/ pmvHk; 'DZdkif;azmf&m uvpfvkyfjyD; zGifhEdkifonf/
1234567890123456789012345678901212345678901234567890123456789012123456789012345678901234567890121
1234567890123456789012345678901212345678901234567890123456789012123456789012345678901234567890121
1234567890123456789012345678901212345678901234567890123456789012123456789012345678901234567890121
checkboxes rsm;ud k a&G ; uGui
f ,frsm; zH;k tkyaf y;vdu
k f wG i f v nf ; txm;tod k tu,f tydk'fcGJrsm; &dSygu
1234567890123456789012345678901212345678901234567890123456789012123456789012345678901234567890121
1234567890123456789012345678901212345678901234567890123456789012123456789012345678901234567890121
1234567890123456789012345678901212345678901234567890123456789012123456789012345678901234567890121
cs,f
j
cif
;
ES
i
f
h
jyef
v
nf
jzKwf
jyD
;
*&yf
z
pf
u
u
G
r
f
sm;tjzpf
jy wduspGm jyKvkyfay;Edkifonf/ taygif;vuPm (+) cvkwf
1234567890123456789012345678901212345678901234567890123456789012123456789012345678901234567890121
1234567890123456789012345678901212345678901234567890123456789012123456789012345678901234567890121
jcif; (trSwfoauFw jcpf ay;jcif; jzpfonf/ txl;
udk EdyS jf yD; xyfrH zGiEhf ikd o
f nf/
1234567890123456789012345678901212345678901234567890123456789012123456789012345678901234567890121
1234567890123456789012345678901212345678901234567890123456789012123456789012345678901234567890121
1234567890123456789012345678901212345678901234567890123456789012123456789012345678901234567890121
ay;jcif;) jzifh aqmif&GufEdkif ojzifh yHkrsm;udk ae&m wdus MESSAGE BAR
wpfenf;tm;jzifh zGifhvdkonfh
1234567890123456789012345678901212345678901234567890123456789012123456789012345678901234567890121
1234567890123456789012345678901212345678901234567890123456789012123456789012345678901234567890121
1234567890123456789012345678901212345678901234567890123456789012123456789012345678901234567890121
onf
/
toH
;
k
rvd
o
k
nf
h
tools
ap&ef
wd
k
i
f
;
wm
xnf
h
E
d
k
i
f
pmydk'fudk yHkrSeftwdkif; scroll
Message
Bar
onf
1234567890123456789012345678901212345678901234567890123456789012123456789012345678901234567890121
1234567890123456789012345678901212345678901234567890123456789012123456789012345678901234567890121
1234567890123456789012345678901212345678901234567890123456789012123456789012345678901234567890121
document wpfck\ aqmif vkyfoGm;&ef rvdkbJ uvpf
1234567890123456789012345678901212345678901234567890123456789012123456789012345678901234567890121
1234567890123456789012345678901212345678901234567890123456789012123456789012345678901234567890121
&Gucf suEf iS yhf wfouf owd vkyf zGifhEdkifjcif; jzpfonf/
1234567890123456789012345678901212345678901234567890123456789012123456789012345678901234567890121
1234567890123456789012345678901212345678901234567890123456789012123456789012345678901234567890121
1234567890123456789012345678901212345678901234567890123456789012123456789012345678901234567890121
ay;rnf h tool jzpf o nf /
1234567890123456789012345678901212345678901234567890123456789012123456789012345678901234567890121
1234567890123456789012345678901212345678901234567890123456789012123456789012345678901234567890121
1234567890123456789012345678901212345678901234567890123456789012123456789012345678901234567890121
Oyrmtm;jzifh document udk THUMBNAILS
1234567890123456789012345678901212345678901234567890123456789012123456789012345678901234567890121
1234567890123456789012345678901212345678901234567890123456789012123456789012345678901234567890121
Thumbnails view
1234567890123456789012345678901212345678901234567890123456789012123456789012345678901234567890121
macro jzifh run rnf[k owf
1234567890123456789012345678901212345678901234567890123456789012123456789012345678901234567890121
1234567890123456789012345678901212345678901234567890123456789012123456789012345678901234567890121
rSwfxm;onfudk Word \ wGif yHrk eS f pmrsuEf mS jrifuiG ;f
1234567890123456789012345678901212345678901234567890123456789012123456789012345678901234567890121
1234567890123456789012345678901212345678901234567890123456789012123456789012345678901234567890121
1234567890123456789012345678901212345678901234567890123456789012123456789012345678901234567890121
settings rsm;u xdef;csKyf ESifhtwl if;\ b,fbuf
1234567890123456789012345678901212345678901234567890123456789012123456789012345678901234567890121
1234567890123456789012345678901212345678901234567890123456789012123456789012345678901234567890121
1234567890123456789012345678901212345678901234567890123456789012123456789012345678901234567890121
xm;jcif; odkYr[kwf ydwfxm; box xJwGif document rS
1234567890123456789012345678901212345678901234567890123456789012123456789012345678901234567890121
1234567890123456789012345678901212345678901234567890123456789012123456789012345678901234567890121
ygu Message bar rS owd pmrsuEf mS rsm;udk icons yHik ,f
1234567890123456789012345678901212345678901234567890123456789012123456789012345678901234567890121
1234567890123456789012345678901212345678901234567890123456789012123456789012345678901234567890121
1234567890123456789012345678901212345678901234567890123456789012123456789012345678901234567890121
rsm;tjzpf jyay;xm;onf/
ay;rnf
jzpfonf/
1234567890123456789012345678901212345678901234567890123456789012123456789012345678901234567890121
1234567890123456789012345678901212345678901234567890123456789012123456789012345678901234567890121
1234567890123456789012345678901212345678901234567890123456789012123456789012345678901234567890121
if; icon udk uvpfvkyfjyD;
1234567890123456789012345678901212345678901234567890123456789012123456789012345678901234567890121
1234567890123456789012345678901212345678901234567890123456789012123456789012345678901234567890121
1234567890123456789012345678901212345678901234567890123456789012123456789012345678901234567890121
oufqdkif&m pmrsufESmodkY
DOCUMENT MAP
1234567890123456789012345678901212345678901234567890123456789012123456789012345678901234567890121
1234567890123456789012345678901212345678901234567890123456789012123456789012345678901234567890121
View (tab) wGif &daS om Show/High tkypf w
k iG f tools tcsKUd
&Snfvsm;aom docu- wdkufdkufoGm;Edkifonf/ jref
1234567890123456789012345678901212345678901234567890123456789012123456789012345678901234567890121
1234567890123456789012345678901212345678901234567890123456789012123456789012345678901234567890121
1234567890123456789012345678901212345678901234567890123456789012123456789012345678901234567890121
&do
S nf/ Ruler onf rsO;f rsm; owfrw
S af y;jcif;? tabs rsm;udk
G cf suf jzpf
ments rsm;twGuf toHk;0if qefaom aqmif&u
1234567890123456789012345678901212345678901234567890123456789012123456789012345678901234567890121
1234567890123456789012345678901212345678901234567890123456789012123456789012345678901234567890121
1234567890123456789012345678901212345678901234567890123456789012123456789012345678901234567890121
wnf
a
qmuf
a
y;j
c
if
;
j
z
if
h
oif
t
h
m;
axmuf
u
j
l
y
K
a
y;aeonf
/

pmrsuf
E
S
m
rsm;jym;pG
m zGJU
onf
/
jrif
u
G
i
f
;
wG
i
f
pm
wpf
1234567890123456789012345678901212345678901234567890123456789012123456789012345678901234567890121
1234567890123456789012345678901212345678901234567890123456789012123456789012345678901234567890121
Document Map onf &Snv
f sm;aom documents rsm;udk
1234567890123456789012345678901212345678901234567890123456789012123456789012345678901234567890121
rsufESmtwGufom jrifae& pnf;xm;onfh document
1234567890123456789012345678901212345678901234567890123456789012123456789012345678901234567890121
1234567890123456789012345678901212345678901234567890123456789012123456789012345678901234567890121
wnf
a
qmuf
&
mwG
i
f
tul
t
nD
ay;onf
/
Gridelines
onf
aomfvnf; if;\b,fbuf rsm;twGuf toHk;0ifaom
1234567890123456789012345678901212345678901234567890123456789012123456789012345678901234567890121
1234567890123456789012345678901212345678901234567890123456789012123456789012345678901234567890121
1234567890123456789012345678901212345678901234567890123456789012123456789012345678901234567890121
roH;k wwforl sm;twGuf rsupf d yI zf G,f jzpfonf/ Thumbnails
box wGif doc wGif yg0if view jzpfonf/ pmrsufESm
1234567890123456789012345678901212345678901234567890123456789012123456789012345678901234567890121
1234567890123456789012345678901212345678901234567890123456789012123456789012345678901234567890121
1234567890123456789012345678901212345678901234567890123456789012123456789012345678901234567890121
onf oif\ pmrsuEf mS tm;vH;k udk wpfzufwiG f yHpk iH ,f rsm;tjzpf
onfh acgif;pD;? tyd'k cf rJG sm;udk wpfckckudk &SmazG&mwGif oHk;
1234567890123456789012345678901212345678901234567890123456789012123456789012345678901234567890121
1234567890123456789012345678901212345678901234567890123456789012123456789012345678901234567890121
jyay;xm;onf/
jyay;xm;onf/ if;wdkYudk Edkifygonf/
1234567890123456789012345678901212345678901234567890123456789012123456789012345678901234567890121
1234567890123456789012345678901212345678901234567890123456789012123456789012345678901234567890121
1234567890123456789012345678901212345678901234567890123456789012123456789012345678901234567890121

150

uGefysLwm*sme,f

uGefysLwmoifcef;pm

21234567890123456789012345678901212345678901234567890123456789012123456789012345678901234567890121
21234567890123456789012345678901212345678901234567890123456789012123456789012345678901234567890121
21234567890123456789012345678901212345678901234567890123456789012123456789012345678901234567890121
21234567890123456789012345678901212345678901234567890123456789012123456789012345678901234567890121
View tab wG i f rS e f csd e f n d E d k i f o nf / if ; wG i f
21234567890123456789012345678901212345678901234567890123456789012123456789012345678901234567890121
21234567890123456789012345678901212345678901234567890123456789012123456789012345678901234567890121
21234567890123456789012345678901212345678901234567890123456789012123456789012345678901234567890121
bDvl;yHk icon udk jrif&yg &mcd k i f E I e f ; tm;jzif h v nf ;
21234567890123456789012345678901212345678901234567890123456789012123456789012345678901234567890121
21234567890123456789012345678901212345678901234567890123456789012123456789012345678901234567890121
21234567890123456789012345678901212345678901234567890123456789012123456789012345678901234567890121
rnf
/ if;udk uvpfvkyfjyD; wduspGm ajymif;vJay;Edkifyg
21234567890123456789012345678901212345678901234567890123456789012123456789012345678901234567890121
21234567890123456789012345678901212345678901234567890123456789012123456789012345678901234567890121
Zoom dialog box udk zGifh onf/ trsm;tm;jzifh Web
21234567890123456789012345678901212345678901234567890123456789012123456789012345678901234567890121
21234567890123456789012345678901212345678901234567890123456789012123456789012345678901234567890121
21234567890123456789012345678901212345678901234567890123456789012123456789012345678901234567890121
Edik o
f nf/ vuf&Sd oH;k aeaom layouts onf toHk;tenf;
21234567890123456789012345678901212345678901234567890123456789012123456789012345678901234567890121
21234567890123456789012345678901212345678901234567890123456789012123456789012345678901234567890121
21234567890123456789012345678901212345678901234567890123456789012123456789012345678901234567890121
jrif
uGif;udk rlwnfjyD; aemuf qHk;jzpf wpfcgwpf&H rD;cdk;
21234567890123456789012345678901212345678901234567890123456789012123456789012345678901234567890121
21234567890123456789012345678901212345678901234567890123456789012123456789012345678901234567890121
21234567890123456789012345678901212345678901234567890123456789012123456789012345678901234567890121
xyf ESpfouf&m jrifuGif;udk a&miftjzpf jrif&wwfonf/
21234567890123456789012345678901212345678901234567890123456789012123456789012345678901234567890121
21234567890123456789012345678901212345678901234567890123456789012123456789012345678901234567890121
21234567890123456789012345678901212345678901234567890123456789012123456789012345678901234567890121
21234567890123456789012345678901212345678901234567890123456789012123456789012345678901234567890121
21234567890123456789012345678901212345678901234567890123456789012123456789012345678901234567890121
21234567890123456789012345678901212345678901234567890123456789012123456789012345678901234567890121
Word jrifuiG ;f \ atmufajc nmbuf axmifrh S Zoom slider
21234567890123456789012345678901212345678901234567890123456789012123456789012345678901234567890121
Zoom tkypf w
k iG f jrifuiG ;f udk teD;uyf odrYk [kwf jrifuiG ;f
21234567890123456789012345678901212345678901234567890123456789012123456789012345678901234567890121
udk a&TaU y;jcif;jzifh jrifuiG ;f taetxm;udk jrefqefpmG ajymif;ay;Edik f
21234567890123456789012345678901212345678901234567890123456789012123456789012345678901234567890121
21234567890123456789012345678901212345678901234567890123456789012123456789012345678901234567890121
taetxm;udk pdwMf uKd ucf sed n
f Ed ikd fonf/ rSef bDv;l yHk Zoom
21234567890123456789012345678901212345678901234567890123456789012123456789012345678901234567890121
onf/ b,fbuf tEkwfvuPm (-) onf csKHU jcif;jzpf
21234567890123456789012345678901212345678901234567890123456789012123456789012345678901234567890121
wGif jrifuiG ;f csed n
f d onfh vkyaf qmifcsurf sm;pGm &do
S nf/ One
21234567890123456789012345678901212345678901234567890123456789012123456789012345678901234567890121
21234567890123456789012345678901212345678901234567890123456789012123456789012345678901234567890121
nmbuf
rS taygi;f vuPmonf (+) csaUJ y;jcif; jzpf onf/ if;
21234567890123456789012345678901212345678901234567890123456789012123456789012345678901234567890121
Page, Two Pages, Page Width [laom Page cvkwf 3 ck
21234567890123456789012345678901212345678901234567890123456789012123456789012345678901234567890121
21234567890123456789012345678901212345678901234567890123456789012123456789012345678901234567890121
slider \ ab;wGif Print Layout, Full Screen Reading,
21234567890123456789012345678901212345678901234567890123456789012123456789012345678901234567890121
u jrifuiG ;f udk tjrefajymif;Edik &f ef tultnD ay;ygvrd rhf nf/
21234567890123456789012345678901212345678901234567890123456789012123456789012345678901234567890121
Web Layout, Outline, Draft [l cvkwf 5 ck &do
S nf/
21234567890123456789012345678901212345678901234567890123456789012123456789012345678901234567890121
21234567890123456789012345678901212345678901234567890123456789012123456789012345678901234567890121
21234567890123456789012345678901212345678901234567890123456789012123456789012345678901234567890121
21234567890123456789012345678901212345678901234567890123456789012123456789012345678901234567890121
21234567890123456789012345678901212345678901234567890123456789012123456789012345678901234567890121
pmvHk;t&G,ftpm;udk ajymif;
21234567890123456789012345678901212345678901234567890123456789012123456789012345678901234567890121
21234567890123456789012345678901212345678901234567890123456789012123456789012345678901234567890121
21234567890123456789012345678901212345678901234567890123456789012123456789012345678901234567890121
jrifuGi;f udk csJU jcif;? csKUH jcif;
wwf M uygonf / if ;
21234567890123456789012345678901212345678901234567890123456789012123456789012345678901234567890121
21234567890123456789012345678901212345678901234567890123456789012123456789012345678901234567890121
21234567890123456789012345678901212345678901234567890123456789012123456789012345678901234567890121
uG
e
f
y
sLwmud
k
aeY
p
Of
twGuf Home (tab) odkY
21234567890123456789012345678901212345678901234567890123456789012123456789012345678901234567890121
21234567890123456789012345678901212345678901234567890123456789012123456789012345678901234567890121
oHk;aeMuolrsm;twGuf jrif ajymif;&ygrnf/ odkYr[kwf
21234567890123456789012345678901212345678901234567890123456789012123456789012345678901234567890121
21234567890123456789012345678901212345678901234567890123456789012123456789012345678901234567890121
21234567890123456789012345678901212345678901234567890123456789012123456789012345678901234567890121
uGif; csdefndjcif;onf ta&; (Alt+H) cvkwfrsm;udk EdSyf
21234567890123456789012345678901212345678901234567890123456789012123456789012345678901234567890121
21234567890123456789012345678901212345678901234567890123456789012123456789012345678901234567890121
21234567890123456789012345678901212345678901234567890123456789012123456789012345678901234567890121
MuD;onf[k qdk&ygrnf/ odkY jyD; F, S cvkwfrsm;udk quf
21234567890123456789012345678901212345678901234567890123456789012123456789012345678901234567890121
21234567890123456789012345678901212345678901234567890123456789012123456789012345678901234567890121
21234567890123456789012345678901212345678901234567890123456789012123456789012345678901234567890121
jzpf Word wGif jrifuGif; jyD; EdSyfvdkufyg/
21234567890123456789012345678901212345678901234567890123456789012123456789012345678901234567890121
21234567890123456789012345678901212345678901234567890123456789012123456789012345678901234567890121
onf rsufpdtjrifwGif a0;
21234567890123456789012345678901212345678901234567890123456789012123456789012345678901234567890121
21234567890123456789012345678901212345678901234567890123456789012123456789012345678901234567890121
21234567890123456789012345678901212345678901234567890123456789012123456789012345678901234567890121
if;onf vIyf&Sm;rI r&dSaom
jcif;? eD;jcif;ESifh pmvHk;? yHk&dyf
21234567890123456789012345678901212345678901234567890123456789012123456789012345678901234567890121
21234567890123456789012345678901212345678901234567890123456789012123456789012345678901234567890121
21234567890123456789012345678901212345678901234567890123456789012123456789012345678901234567890121
cvkwfvnf; jzpfonf/
rsm; MuD;aejcif;? i,faejcif;
21234567890123456789012345678901212345678901234567890123456789012123456789012345678901234567890121
21234567890123456789012345678901212345678901234567890123456789012123456789012345678901234567890121
ponf
t
csuf
r
sm;ud
k
pk
a
ygif
;
21234567890123456789012345678901212345678901234567890123456789012123456789012345678901234567890121
21234567890123456789012345678901212345678901234567890123456789012123456789012345678901234567890121
21234567890123456789012345678901212345678901234567890123456789012123456789012345678901234567890121
&mcdik Ef eI ;f tm;jzifh csKUH jcif;? csUJ jcif;
um jrifuGif; (view) udk
21234567890123456789012345678901212345678901234567890123456789012123456789012345678901234567890121
21234567890123456789012345678901212345678901234567890123456789012123456789012345678901234567890121
21234567890123456789012345678901212345678901234567890123456789012123456789012345678901234567890121
rSefbDvl;yHk icon udk zGihf
csKH
U
ay;jcif
;
?
csJ
U
ay;jcif
;
jyK
21234567890123456789012345678901212345678901234567890123456789012123456789012345678901234567890121
21234567890123456789012345678901212345678901234567890123456789012123456789012345678901234567890121
21234567890123456789012345678901212345678901234567890123456789012123456789012345678901234567890121
vkyfEdkifonf/
yg/ Zoom box ay:vmjyD;
21234567890123456789012345678901212345678901234567890123456789012123456789012345678901234567890121
21234567890123456789012345678901212345678901234567890123456789012123456789012345678901234567890121
if;wGif 200%, 100%, 75%
21234567890123456789012345678901212345678901234567890123456789012123456789012345678901234567890121
21234567890123456789012345678901212345678901234567890123456789012123456789012345678901234567890121
21234567890123456789012345678901212345678901234567890123456789012123456789012345678901234567890121
rS
w
f
p
k
jrif u G i f ; rsm;ud k trS w f
21234567890123456789012345678901212345678901234567890123456789012123456789012345678901234567890121
21234567890123456789012345678901212345678901234567890123456789012123456789012345678901234567890121
21234567890123456789012345678901212345678901234567890123456789012123456789012345678901234567890121
jrifuiG ;f csden
f jd cif;wGif
oauFwjcpfjyD; ajymif;Edkif
21234567890123456789012345678901212345678901234567890123456789012123456789012345678901234567890121
21234567890123456789012345678901212345678901234567890123456789012123456789012345678901234567890121
21234567890123456789012345678901212345678901234567890123456789012123456789012345678901234567890121
t"d
u
tm;jzif
h
pmvH
k
;
tMuD
;
?
onf/ odYk r[kwf wpfrsufEmS
21234567890123456789012345678901212345678901234567890123456789012123456789012345678901234567890121
21234567890123456789012345678901212345678901234567890123456789012123456789012345678901234567890121
(b,f? nm tjynfh)? pmom;
tao;ESifh xif&Sm;pGm jrif&
21234567890123456789012345678901212345678901234567890123456789012123456789012345678901234567890121
21234567890123456789012345678901212345678901234567890123456789012123456789012345678901234567890121
21234567890123456789012345678901212345678901234567890123456789012123456789012345678901234567890121
jcif;rsm;tay: rlwnfjyD; rdrd
rsm;tjynh f E S i f h pmrsuf E S m
21234567890123456789012345678901212345678901234567890123456789012123456789012345678901234567890121
21234567890123456789012345678901212345678901234567890123456789012123456789012345678901234567890121
21234567890123456789012345678901212345678901234567890123456789012123456789012345678901234567890121
ES
p
o
f
uf
o
nf
h
taetxm;od
Y
k
wpfcv
k ;kH (b,fnm? txuf
21234567890123456789012345678901212345678901234567890123456789012123456789012345678901234567890121
21234567890123456789012345678901212345678901234567890123456789012123456789012345678901234567890121
ajymif;ay;jcif; jzpfonf/
atmuf)tjynfhodkY ajymif;
21234567890123456789012345678901212345678901234567890123456789012123456789012345678901234567890121
21234567890123456789012345678901212345678901234567890123456789012123456789012345678901234567890121
21234567890123456789012345678901212345678901234567890123456789012123456789012345678901234567890121
Zoom
dialog
box
wG
i
f
j
r
if
u
i
G
;
f
trs
K
;
d
rs
K
;
d
ud
k
a&G
;
cs
,
E
f
i
k
d
f
onf
/
Zoom
vk
y
f
a
qmif
c
suf
o
nf
Edkifonf/
21234567890123456789012345678901212345678901234567890123456789012123456789012345678901234567890121
21234567890123456789012345678901212345678901234567890123456789012123456789012345678901234567890121
ES
p
o
f
uf
&
m
cvk
w
w
f
pf
c
c
k
u
k
k
d
uvpf
v
y
k
f
(trS
w
j
f
c
pf
)
ay;j
c
if
;
j
z
if
h
21234567890123456789012345678901212345678901234567890123456789012123456789012345678901234567890121
&mcdkifEIef;tm;jzifh Perpmrsuf E S m wpf c k u d k oif h
21234567890123456789012345678901212345678901234567890123456789012123456789012345678901234567890121
21234567890123456789012345678901212345678901234567890123456789012123456789012345678901234567890121
j
r
if
u
i
G
;
f
ud
k
aj
y
mif
;
Ed
i
k
o
f
nf
/
if
;
twG
u
f
erl
e
m
j
r
if
u
i
G
;
f
i,f
u
k
d
21234567890123456789012345678901212345678901234567890123456789012123456789012345678901234567890121
tjrifwGif eD;uyfvmapjcif;
cent: uGufwGif&dSonfh Mwd*H
21234567890123456789012345678901212345678901234567890123456789012123456789012345678901234567890121
21234567890123456789012345678901212345678901234567890123456789012123456789012345678901234567890121
f nf/
vnf; jzpfonf/ tcsKdUu jyay;xm;onf/ &mcdik Ef eI f;udk pdwMf uKd uf ajymif;Edik o
wH k ; uav;tm; txuf
21234567890123456789012345678901212345678901234567890123456789012123456789012345678901234567890121
21234567890123456789012345678901212345678901234567890123456789012123456789012345678901234567890121
21234567890123456789012345678901212345678901234567890123456789012123456789012345678901234567890121

azazmf0g&?D 2008 151

uGefysLwmoifcef;pm

1234567890123456789012345678901212345678901234567890123456789012123456789012345678901234567890121
1234567890123456789012345678901212345678901234567890123456789012123456789012345678901234567890121
1234567890123456789012345678901212345678901234567890123456789012123456789012345678901234567890121
1234567890123456789012345678901212345678901234567890123456789012123456789012345678901234567890121
atmuf armufpfjrm;OD;jzifh jzifh owdrjyKrdjcif;om jzpf
1234567890123456789012345678901212345678901234567890123456789012123456789012345678901234567890121
1234567890123456789012345678901212345678901234567890123456789012123456789012345678901234567890121
1234567890123456789012345678901212345678901234567890123456789012123456789012345678901234567890121
axmufjyD; a&TUajymif;Edkif onf/ Word wGif oifonf
1234567890123456789012345678901212345678901234567890123456789012123456789012345678901234567890121
1234567890123456789012345678901212345678901234567890123456789012123456789012345678901234567890121
1234567890123456789012345678901212345678901234567890123456789012123456789012345678901234567890121
onf/ odkYr[kwf *Pef;rsm; documents ESpfckudk EdIif;
1234567890123456789012345678901212345678901234567890123456789012123456789012345678901234567890121
1234567890123456789012345678901212345678901234567890123456789012123456789012345678901234567890121
udk dkufxnfhay;Edkifonf/ ,SOf Munhfzl;ygovm;/
1234567890123456789012345678901212345678901234567890123456789012123456789012345678901234567890121
1234567890123456789012345678901212345678901234567890123456789012123456789012345678901234567890121
1234567890123456789012345678901212345678901234567890123456789012123456789012345678901234567890121
Word jrifui
G ;f \ atmufajc
tqdyk g aqmif&u
G cf suf
1234567890123456789012345678901212345678901234567890123456789012123456789012345678901234567890121
1234567890123456789012345678901212345678901234567890123456789012123456789012345678901234567890121
1234567890123456789012345678901212345678901234567890123456789012123456789012345678901234567890121
nmbuf
a
xmif
h
&
d
S
slider
ud
k
Word
2007
\
rsm;ud
k
1234567890123456789012345678901212345678901234567890123456789012123456789012345678901234567890121
1234567890123456789012345678901212345678901234567890123456789012123456789012345678901234567890121
1234567890123456789012345678901212345678901234567890123456789012123456789012345678901234567890121
b,f? nm a&TUay;jcif;jzifh ribbon wG i f Munh f E d k i f y g
1234567890123456789012345678901212345678901234567890123456789012123456789012345678901234567890121
1234567890123456789012345678901212345678901234567890123456789012123456789012345678901234567890121
vnf; jrifuGif;udk tvG,f onf/ if;twGuf View
1234567890123456789012345678901212345678901234567890123456789012123456789012345678901234567890121
1234567890123456789012345678901212345678901234567890123456789012123456789012345678901234567890121
1234567890123456789012345678901212345678901234567890123456789012123456789012345678901234567890121
wul csKHUEdkif csJUEdkifygonf/ (tab) odkY ajymif;xm;yg/
1234567890123456789012345678901212345678901234567890123456789012123456789012345678901234567890121
1234567890123456789012345678901212345678901234567890123456789012123456789012345678901234567890121
1234567890123456789012345678901212345678901234567890123456789012123456789012345678901234567890121
rnfodkYyifjzpfap toHk;
1234567890123456789012345678901212345678901234567890123456789012123456789012345678901234567890121
1234567890123456789012345678901212345678901234567890123456789012123456789012345678901234567890121
trsm;qH
k ; jrif u G i f ; onf NEW WINDOW
1234567890123456789012345678901212345678901234567890123456789012123456789012345678901234567890121
1234567890123456789012345678901212345678901234567890123456789012123456789012345678901234567890121
Word jrifuiG ;f ESpcf u
k kd wpfjyKd ief uf zGiEhf ikd o
f nf/ od&Yk mwGif if;
1234567890123456789012345678901212345678901234567890123456789012123456789012345678901234567890121
100 &mcdkifEIef; jzpfonf/
(ALT+W)+N
1234567890123456789012345678901212345678901234567890123456789012123456789012345678901234567890121
1234567890123456789012345678901212345678901234567890123456789012123456789012345678901234567890121
twG
u
f
j
r
if
u
i
G
;
f
us
O
;
f
us
y
o
f
m
G
;Ed
i
k
y
f
g
o
nf
/
Office
2007 \
1234567890123456789012345678901212345678901234567890123456789012123456789012345678901234567890121
oif o nf &S n f v sm;
1234567890123456789012345678901212345678901234567890123456789012123456789012345678901234567890121
1234567890123456789012345678901212345678901234567890123456789012123456789012345678901234567890121
k armfew
D mjrifuiG ;f wGif ae&m tawmf ,lvu
dk f
1234567890123456789012345678901212345678901234567890123456789012123456789012345678901234567890121
0if;'d;k pfjrifuiG ;f tpkta0;rsm; aom document wpfckudk ribbon ESpcf u
1234567890123456789012345678901212345678901234567890123456789012123456789012345678901234567890121
1234567890123456789012345678901212345678901234567890123456789012123456789012345678901234567890121
k nf; awG&U ygrnf/ odjYk zpf vuf&Sd zGix
hf m;aom tab udk
odkYr[kwf jrifuGif;udk
a&;om;wnfaqmufaeonfh onf udv
1234567890123456789012345678901212345678901234567890123456789012123456789012345678901234567890121
1234567890123456789012345678901212345678901234567890123456789012123456789012345678901234567890121
uvpf
ES
p
c
f
s
u
f
Ed
y
S
j
f
y
;
D
ribbon
ud
k
acw
azs
m
uf
x
m;Edik o
f nf/
1234567890123456789012345678901212345678901234567890123456789012123456789012345678901234567890121
cGJxkwfjcif;
tcg wpfcgwpf&HwGif do1234567890123456789012345678901212345678901234567890123456789012123456789012345678901234567890121
1234567890123456789012345678901212345678901234567890123456789012123456789012345678901234567890121
1234567890123456789012345678901212345678901234567890123456789012123456789012345678901234567890121
Word 2007 wGif jrif cument xJ&dS tpdwftydkif;
1234567890123456789012345678901212345678901234567890123456789012123456789012345678901234567890121
1234567890123456789012345678901212345678901234567890123456789012123456789012345678901234567890121
1234567890123456789012345678901212345678901234567890123456789012123456789012345678901234567890121
uG
i
f
;
ES
ifh ywfouf aqmif ESpfae&m\ jcm;em;csufrsm; r[kwf document ESpfckudk Window vkyfaqmifcsufudk
1234567890123456789012345678901212345678901234567890123456789012123456789012345678901234567890121
1234567890123456789012345678901212345678901234567890123456789012123456789012345678901234567890121
&GufEdkifcsuf trsm;tjym; udk wpfcsdefwnf;wGif EdIif; EdIif;,SOfvdkjcif;vnf; jzpf oHk;Edkifonf/
1234567890123456789012345678901212345678901234567890123456789012123456789012345678901234567890121
1234567890123456789012345678901212345678901234567890123456789012123456789012345678901234567890121
1234567890123456789012345678901212345678901234567890123456789012123456789012345678901234567890121
yg0ifonf/ oHk;olrsm;tae ,SOf Munhfvdkygvdrfhrnf/ odkY rnf / if ; twG u f New
oif \ document
1234567890123456789012345678901212345678901234567890123456789012123456789012345678901234567890121
1234567890123456789012345678901212345678901234567890123456789012123456789012345678901234567890121
1234567890123456789012345678901212345678901234567890123456789012123456789012345678901234567890121
wpf
c
u
k kd zGijhf yD; View rS wpf
1234567890123456789012345678901212345678901234567890123456789012123456789012345678901234567890121
1234567890123456789012345678901212345678901234567890123456789012123456789012345678901234567890121
1234567890123456789012345678901212345678901234567890123456789012123456789012345678901234567890121
qifh New Window cvkwf
1234567890123456789012345678901212345678901234567890123456789012123456789012345678901234567890121
1234567890123456789012345678901212345678901234567890123456789012123456789012345678901234567890121
Word
j
r
if
u
i
G
;
f
wG
i
f
tk
y
p
f
t
k
vd
u
k
f
M
u
nf
E
h
i
k
d
o
f
nf
h
aqmif
&
u
G
c
f
s
u
r
f
s
m
;
yg
&
o
S
d
nf
/
if
;
wd
r
Y
k
m
S
New
ud
k uvpfvkyfvdkufyg/ if;
1234567890123456789012345678901212345678901234567890123456789012123456789012345678901234567890121
1234567890123456789012345678901212345678901234567890123456789012123456789012345678901234567890121
1234567890123456789012345678901212345678901234567890123456789012123456789012345678901234567890121
Window, Arrange All ESihf Split wdYk jzpfMuonf/ xdt
Yk wl View Side by Side, Synonf aemuf x yf docu1234567890123456789012345678901212345678901234567890123456789012123456789012345678901234567890121
1234567890123456789012345678901212345678901234567890123456789012123456789012345678901234567890121
chronous Scrolling ESihf Reset Window Position vkyf aqmifcsurf sm;uvnf; document
1234567890123456789012345678901212345678901234567890123456789012123456789012345678901234567890121
ment wpfcktjzpf yGifhvmyg
1234567890123456789012345678901212345678901234567890123456789012123456789012345678901234567890121
1234567890123456789012345678901212345678901234567890123456789012123456789012345678901234567890121
rsm;udk jyefveS f Munfh I jcif; ESihf EdiI ;f ,SOjf cif;rsm;wGif tultnD rsm;pGm ay;ygvrd rhf nf/ Switch
rnf
/ if; document udk
1234567890123456789012345678901212345678901234567890123456789012123456789012345678901234567890121
1234567890123456789012345678901212345678901234567890123456789012123456789012345678901234567890121
1234567890123456789012345678901212345678901234567890123456789012123456789012345678901234567890121
Windows
cvk
w
o
f
nf
document
wpf
c
r
k
S
tj
c
m;
wpf
c
o
k
Y
k
d
ul
;
aj
y
mif
;
&mwG
i
f
j
r
ef
q
ef
a
pyg
o
nf
/
0if;'dk;pfwpfckrS jyifqif jznfh
1234567890123456789012345678901212345678901234567890123456789012123456789012345678901234567890121
1234567890123456789012345678901212345678901234567890123456789012123456789012345678901234567890121
1234567890123456789012345678901212345678901234567890123456789012123456789012345678901234567890121
pGufvQif aemuf 0if;'dk;pfwGif
1234567890123456789012345678901212345678901234567890123456789012123456789012345678901234567890121
1234567890123456789012345678901212345678901234567890123456789012123456789012345678901234567890121
1234567890123456789012345678901212345678901234567890123456789012123456789012345678901234567890121
vnf; jyifqifjyD; jzpfygvdrfh
1234567890123456789012345678901212345678901234567890123456789012123456789012345678901234567890121
1234567890123456789012345678901212345678901234567890123456789012123456789012345678901234567890121
rnf/
1234567890123456789012345678901212345678901234567890123456789012123456789012345678901234567890121
1234567890123456789012345678901212345678901234567890123456789012123456789012345678901234567890121
1234567890123456789012345678901212345678901234567890123456789012123456789012345678901234567890121
1234567890123456789012345678901212345678901234567890123456789012123456789012345678901234567890121
1234567890123456789012345678901212345678901234567890123456789012123456789012345678901234567890121
1234567890123456789012345678901212345678901234567890123456789012123456789012345678901234567890121
ARRANGE ALL
1234567890123456789012345678901212345678901234567890123456789012123456789012345678901234567890121
1234567890123456789012345678901212345678901234567890123456789012123456789012345678901234567890121
1234567890123456789012345678901212345678901234567890123456789012123456789012345678901234567890121
(ALT+W)+A
1234567890123456789012345678901212345678901234567890123456789012123456789012345678901234567890121
1234567890123456789012345678901212345678901234567890123456789012123456789012345678901234567890121
oifonf document
1234567890123456789012345678901212345678901234567890123456789012123456789012345678901234567890121
1234567890123456789012345678901212345678901234567890123456789012123456789012345678901234567890121
1234567890123456789012345678901212345678901234567890123456789012123456789012345678901234567890121
trsm;tjym;udk 0if;'d;k pff ESpcf k
1234567890123456789012345678901212345678901234567890123456789012123456789012345678901234567890121
1234567890123456789012345678901212345678901234567890123456789012123456789012345678901234567890121
1234567890123456789012345678901212345678901234567890123456789012123456789012345678901234567890121
odYk r[kwf ESpcf x
k uf ydjk yD; zGihf
1234567890123456789012345678901212345678901234567890123456789012123456789012345678901234567890121
1234567890123456789012345678901212345678901234567890123456789012123456789012345678901234567890121
vdyk gu Arrange All udk oH;k
1234567890123456789012345678901212345678901234567890123456789012123456789012345678901234567890121
1234567890123456789012345678901212345678901234567890123456789012123456789012345678901234567890121
1234567890123456789012345678901212345678901234567890123456789012123456789012345678901234567890121
Edkifonf/ odkY&mwGif ay:vm
1234567890123456789012345678901212345678901234567890123456789012123456789012345678901234567890121
1234567890123456789012345678901212345678901234567890123456789012123456789012345678901234567890121
1234567890123456789012345678901212345678901234567890123456789012123456789012345678901234567890121
aom jrif u G i f ; tm;vH k ; ud k
1234567890123456789012345678901212345678901234567890123456789012123456789012345678901234567890121
1234567890123456789012345678901212345678901234567890123456789012123456789012345678901234567890121
1234567890123456789012345678901212345678901234567890123456789012123456789012345678901234567890121
wpfjydKifwnf; MunhEf ikd o
f nfh
1234567890123456789012345678901212345678901234567890123456789012123456789012345678901234567890121
1234567890123456789012345678901212345678901234567890123456789012123456789012345678901234567890121
taetxm;od
k
Y
vd
k
u
fnd&
1234567890123456789012345678901212345678901234567890123456789012123456789012345678901234567890121
1234567890123456789012345678901212345678901234567890123456789012123456789012345678901234567890121
1234567890123456789012345678901212345678901234567890123456789012123456789012345678901234567890121

152

uGefysLwm*sme,f

uGefysLwmoifcef;pm

21234567890123456789012345678901212345678901234567890123456789012123456789012345678901234567890121
21234567890123456789012345678901212345678901234567890123456789012123456789012345678901234567890121
21234567890123456789012345678901212345678901234567890123456789012123456789012345678901234567890121
21234567890123456789012345678901212345678901234567890123456789012123456789012345678901234567890121
onfrSm twefi,f tvkyf ment wpfckcsif;udk zGifhvdkuf
21234567890123456789012345678901212345678901234567890123456789012123456789012345678901234567890121
21234567890123456789012345678901212345678901234567890123456789012123456789012345678901234567890121
21234567890123456789012345678901212345678901234567890123456789012123456789012345678901234567890121
Iyfygvdrfhrnf/
yd w f v d k u f v k y f & onf x uf
21234567890123456789012345678901212345678901234567890123456789012123456789012345678901234567890121
21234567890123456789012345678901212345678901234567890123456789012123456789012345678901234567890121
21234567890123456789012345678901212345678901234567890123456789012123456789012345678901234567890121
document
ES p f c k u d k ,S O f
21234567890123456789012345678901212345678901234567890123456789012123456789012345678901234567890121
21234567890123456789012345678901212345678901234567890123456789012123456789012345678901234567890121
SPLIT (ALT+W)+S
Munhjf cif; odYk r[kwf txuf
21234567890123456789012345678901212345678901234567890123456789012123456789012345678901234567890121
21234567890123456789012345678901212345678901234567890123456789012123456789012345678901234567890121
21234567890123456789012345678901212345678901234567890123456789012123456789012345678901234567890121
oifonf Word zdkif atmuf cGJ Munhfjcif;rsm;
21234567890123456789012345678901212345678901234567890123456789012123456789012345678901234567890121
21234567890123456789012345678901212345678901234567890123456789012123456789012345678901234567890121
21234567890123456789012345678901212345678901234567890123456789012123456789012345678901234567890121
wpf
z
d k i f u d k zG i f h j yD ; Split jyKvkyfEdkifonf/ if;onf
21234567890123456789012345678901212345678901234567890123456789012123456789012345678901234567890121
21234567890123456789012345678901212345678901234567890123456789012123456789012345678901234567890121
21234567890123456789012345678901212345678901234567890123456789012123456789012345678901234567890121
cvkwfudk EdSyfMunhfyg/ jrif Word \ pGrf;aqmifEdkifcsuf
21234567890123456789012345678901212345678901234567890123456789012123456789012345678901234567890121
21234567890123456789012345678901212345678901234567890123456789012123456789012345678901234567890121
uG i f ; onf 0if ; 'd k ; pf w pf c k rsm;vnf; jzpfonf/
21234567890123456789012345678901212345678901234567890123456789012123456789012345678901234567890121
21234567890123456789012345678901212345678901234567890123456789012123456789012345678901234567890121
21234567890123456789012345678901212345678901234567890123456789012123456789012345678901234567890121
twGif; tay:atmuf ESpfck
21234567890123456789012345678901212345678901234567890123456789012123456789012345678901234567890121
21234567890123456789012345678901212345678901234567890123456789012123456789012345678901234567890121
21234567890123456789012345678901212345678901234567890123456789012123456789012345678901234567890121
uG J x G u f o G m ;ygvd r f h r nf / VIEW SIDE BY SIDE
21234567890123456789012345678901212345678901234567890123456789012123456789012345678901234567890121
21234567890123456789012345678901212345678901234567890123456789012123456789012345678901234567890121
0if;'dk;pfwpfckpDwGif Munhfvdk (ALT+W)+B
21234567890123456789012345678901212345678901234567890123456789012123456789012345678901234567890121
21234567890123456789012345678901212345678901234567890123456789012123456789012345678901234567890121
21234567890123456789012345678901212345678901234567890123456789012123456789012345678901234567890121
onfh pmrsufESmudk zGifhxm;
View Side by Side
Document wpfcx
k &J Sd rwlnaD om tpdwt
f ydik ;f ESpaf e&mudk
21234567890123456789012345678901212345678901234567890123456789012123456789012345678901234567890121
21234567890123456789012345678901212345678901234567890123456789012123456789012345678901234567890121
21234567890123456789012345678901212345678901234567890123456789012123456789012345678901234567890121
Ed
k
i
f
j
yD
;
if
;
0if
;
'd
k
;
pf
ES
p
f
c
k
u
d
k
onf
rwl
n
D
a
om
docuMunfh &I ef Split command udk oH;k Edik o
f nf/ if; jrifuiG ;f ESpcf k
21234567890123456789012345678901212345678901234567890123456789012123456789012345678901234567890121
21234567890123456789012345678901212345678901234567890123456789012123456789012345678901234567890121
21234567890123456789012345678901212345678901234567890123456789012123456789012345678901234567890121
wpf
j
yd
K
if
w
nf
;
Munh
f
E
d
k
i
f
?
ment
wpf
c
k
p
D
\
0if
;
'd
k
;
pf
jrif
pvH
;
k
wG
i
f
scroll
bar
rs
m
;
&d
M
S
u

vd
t
k
yf
onfh pmrsuEf mS rsm;odYk
21234567890123456789012345678901212345678901234567890123456789012123456789012345678901234567890121
21234567890123456789012345678901212345678901234567890123456789012123456789012345678901234567890121
jyif
q
if
jznf
h
p
G
u
f
E
d
k
i
f
o
nf
/
uGif;ESpfckudk ab;csif;,SOf a&TaU jymif;MunhEf ikd o
21234567890123456789012345678901212345678901234567890123456789012123456789012345678901234567890121
f nf/ tv,frS rsO;f bm;udk qGJvnf;
21234567890123456789012345678901212345678901234567890123456789012123456789012345678901234567890121
21234567890123456789012345678901212345678901234567890123456789012123456789012345678901234567890121
xd
k
Y
t
jyif
0if
;
'd
k
;
pf
w
pf
c
k
u
d
k
jyay;Ed
k
i
f
j
cif
;
jzpf
o
nf
/
if
;
tay:
?
atmuf
a&T
E
U
ikd o
f nf/
21234567890123456789012345678901212345678901234567890123456789012123456789012345678901234567890121
21234567890123456789012345678901212345678901234567890123456789012123456789012345678901234567890121
21234567890123456789012345678901212345678901234567890123456789012123456789012345678901234567890121
jrifuGif;usOf;apum tjcm; twGuf armfeDwmwGif csdefnd
21234567890123456789012345678901212345678901234567890123456789012123456789012345678901234567890121
21234567890123456789012345678901212345678901234567890123456789012123456789012345678901234567890121
21234567890123456789012345678901212345678901234567890123456789012123456789012345678901234567890121
0if'dk;pfwpfck\ jrifuGif;udk ay;&ef rvdkbJ tvdkufoifh down vkyyf gu 0if;'d;k pfEpS cf k um 0if;'dk;pfwpfckwGifom
21234567890123456789012345678901212345678901234567890123456789012123456789012345678901234567890121
21234567890123456789012345678901212345678901234567890123456789012123456789012345678901234567890121
ydk csJUxm;Edkifonf/ Split ab;csif;,SOf tnDtrQ jy pvHk;onf twlwl a&GUvsm; a&GUvsm;jcif;odkY ajymif;oGm;
21234567890123456789012345678901212345678901234567890123456789012123456789012345678901234567890121
21234567890123456789012345678901212345678901234567890123456789012123456789012345678901234567890121
21234567890123456789012345678901212345678901234567890123456789012123456789012345678901234567890121
ygonf/ wpfenf;tm;jzifh
view \ tm;omcsuf r S m ay;ygonf/ tu,f if; Mujcif; jzpfonf/
21234567890123456789012345678901212345678901234567890123456789012123456789012345678901234567890121
21234567890123456789012345678901212345678901234567890123456789012123456789012345678901234567890121
21234567890123456789012345678901212345678901234567890123456789012123456789012345678901234567890121
toggle cvkwfuJhodkY on/off
Word \ ribbon udk wpfck 0if;'dk;pf jrifuGif;rsm;udk rdrd
21234567890123456789012345678901212345678901234567890123456789012123456789012345678901234567890121
21234567890123456789012345678901212345678901234567890123456789012123456789012345678901234567890121
jzpfomG ;jcif;vnf; jzpfonf/
om jyay;xm;jcif;jzpfonf/ pdwfMudKuf csJUvdk? csKHUvdkygu SYNCHRONOUS
21234567890123456789012345678901212345678901234567890123456789012123456789012345678901234567890121
21234567890123456789012345678901212345678901234567890123456789012123456789012345678901234567890121
21234567890123456789012345678901212345678901234567890123456789012123456789012345678901234567890121
S
CROLLING
(A
LT
+W)+Y
0if
;
'd
k
;
pf
a
bmif
\
tpG
e
f
od
k
Y
21234567890123456789012345678901212345678901234567890123456789012123456789012345678901234567890121
21234567890123456789012345678901212345678901234567890123456789012123456789012345678901234567890121
21234567890123456789012345678901212345678901234567890123456789012123456789012345678901234567890121
jrifuiG ;f rsm;pGmudk Munhf jI cif;
Synchronous Scrol- RESET WINDOWS
r[kwf axmifhae&mrsm;odkY
21234567890123456789012345678901212345678901234567890123456789012123456789012345678901234567890121
21234567890123456789012345678901212345678901234567890123456789012123456789012345678901234567890121
21234567890123456789012345678901212345678901234567890123456789012123456789012345678901234567890121
oifonf document armufpf jrm; OD; wif um ling aqmif&Gufcsufonf POSITION (ALT+W)+T
21234567890123456789012345678901212345678901234567890123456789012123456789012345678901234567890121
21234567890123456789012345678901212345678901234567890123456789012123456789012345678901234567890121
View Side by Side
ESpfck odkYr[kwf ESpfckxuf teufa&mif jrm;yHkav; ay: document trsm;tjym;\
21234567890123456789012345678901212345678901234567890123456789012123456789012345678901234567890121
21234567890123456789012345678901212345678901234567890123456789012123456789012345678901234567890121
21234567890123456789012345678901212345678901234567890123456789012123456789012345678901234567890121
yd k j yD ; Munh f I p pf a q;&ef vmygu drag enf ; jzif h 0if ; 'd k ; pf jrif u G i f ; rsm;ud k wGif azmfjycJhonfhtwdkif;
21234567890123456789012345678901212345678901234567890123456789012123456789012345678901234567890121
21234567890123456789012345678901212345678901234567890123456789012123456789012345678901234567890121
21234567890123456789012345678901212345678901234567890123456789012123456789012345678901234567890121
taMumif; ay:ygvdrfhrnf/ qGJ,lcsKHUcsJUEdkifonf/ xl;jcm; scrolling up/down vkyf&m ab;csif; ,SOfjyxm;onfh
21234567890123456789012345678901212345678901234567890123456789012123456789012345678901234567890121
21234567890123456789012345678901212345678901234567890123456789012123456789012345678901234567890121
21234567890123456789012345678901212345678901234567890123456789012123456789012345678901234567890121
xdkodkY Munhf&mwGif docu- csuf r S m scrolling up/ wG i f if ; wd k Y onf tvd k 0if;'dk;pfjrifuGif; ESpfckudk rdrd
21234567890123456789012345678901212345678901234567890123456789012123456789012345678901234567890121
21234567890123456789012345678901212345678901234567890123456789012123456789012345678901234567890121
tavsmufa&GUvsm;apEdik jf cif; pdwfMudKuf csJUjcif;? csKHUjcif;
21234567890123456789012345678901212345678901234567890123456789012123456789012345678901234567890121
21234567890123456789012345678901212345678901234567890123456789012123456789012345678901234567890121
21234567890123456789012345678901212345678901234567890123456789012123456789012345678901234567890121
jzpfonf/oifonf rnfonhf rsm; jyKvk y f x m;onf u d k
21234567890123456789012345678901212345678901234567890123456789012123456789012345678901234567890121
21234567890123456789012345678901212345678901234567890123456789012123456789012345678901234567890121
21234567890123456789012345678901212345678901234567890123456789012123456789012345678901234567890121
0if;'dk;pfjrifuGif;\ scroll- aemufqHk;wGif yHkrSef tnD
21234567890123456789012345678901212345678901234567890123456789012123456789012345678901234567890121
21234567890123456789012345678901212345678901234567890123456789012123456789012345678901234567890121
ing up/down udk a&TUonf trQ jyefjzpfap&ef Reset
21234567890123456789012345678901212345678901234567890123456789012123456789012345678901234567890121
21234567890123456789012345678901212345678901234567890123456789012123456789012345678901234567890121
21234567890123456789012345678901212345678901234567890123456789012123456789012345678901234567890121
jzpfap zGifhxm;aom tjcm; Windows Position udk oH;k
21234567890123456789012345678901212345678901234567890123456789012123456789012345678901234567890121
21234567890123456789012345678901212345678901234567890123456789012123456789012345678901234567890121
21234567890123456789012345678901212345678901234567890123456789012123456789012345678901234567890121
0if;'d;k pfrsm;rSvu
kd
f a&GUvsm; &ygonf/
21234567890123456789012345678901212345678901234567890123456789012123456789012345678901234567890121
21234567890123456789012345678901212345678901234567890123456789012123456789012345678901234567890121
21234567890123456789012345678901212345678901234567890123456789012123456789012345678901234567890121
Mujcif;vnf; jzpfonf/
21234567890123456789012345678901212345678901234567890123456789012123456789012345678901234567890121
21234567890123456789012345678901212345678901234567890123456789012123456789012345678901234567890121
odYk&mwGif tqdyk g Syn- Documents rsm;udk
21234567890123456789012345678901212345678901234567890123456789012123456789012345678901234567890121
21234567890123456789012345678901212345678901234567890123456789012123456789012345678901234567890121
21234567890123456789012345678901212345678901234567890123456789012123456789012345678901234567890121
chronous
Scrolling odr;f jcif;ESihf ydwjf cif;
21234567890123456789012345678901212345678901234567890123456789012123456789012345678901234567890121
21234567890123456789012345678901212345678901234567890123456789012123456789012345678901234567890121
21234567890123456789012345678901212345678901234567890123456789012123456789012345678901234567890121
Word wGif owday;
cvkwfudk aemufwpfcsuf
21234567890123456789012345678901212345678901234567890123456789012123456789012345678901234567890121
21234567890123456789012345678901212345678901234567890123456789012123456789012345678901234567890121
cs
u
f
wpf
ck &do
S nf/ if;onf
21234567890123456789012345678901212345678901234567890123456789012123456789012345678901234567890121
xyfEdSyfvdkufygu scrolling
21234567890123456789012345678901212345678901234567890123456789012123456789012345678901234567890121
21234567890123456789012345678901212345678901234567890123456789012123456789012345678901234567890121
f g? rMum
up/down onf ydwfoGm; ]]apmapm save vkyy
21234567890123456789012345678901212345678901234567890123456789012123456789012345678901234567890121
21234567890123456789012345678901212345678901234567890123456789012123456789012345678901234567890121
21234567890123456789012345678901212345678901234567890123456789012123456789012345678901234567890121

azazmf0g&?D 2008 153

uGefysLwmoifcef;pm

1234567890123456789012345678901212345678901234567890123456789012123456789012345678901234567890121
1234567890123456789012345678901212345678901234567890123456789012123456789012345678901234567890121
1234567890123456789012345678901212345678901234567890123456789012123456789012345678901234567890121
1234567890123456789012345678901212345678901234567890123456789012123456789012345678901234567890121
Word wG i f (key1234567890123456789012345678901212345678901234567890123456789012123456789012345678901234567890121
1234567890123456789012345678901212345678901234567890123456789012123456789012345678901234567890121
1234567890123456789012345678901212345678901234567890123456789012123456789012345678901234567890121
board) shortcut keys
1234567890123456789012345678901212345678901234567890123456789012123456789012345678901234567890121
1234567890123456789012345678901212345678901234567890123456789012123456789012345678901234567890121
1234567890123456789012345678901212345678901234567890123456789012123456789012345678901234567890121
rsm;pGm yg0ifonf/ Word
1234567890123456789012345678901212345678901234567890123456789012123456789012345678901234567890121
1234567890123456789012345678901212345678901234567890123456789012123456789012345678901234567890121
2007 wGif shortcut key udk
1234567890123456789012345678901212345678901234567890123456789012123456789012345678901234567890121
1234567890123456789012345678901212345678901234567890123456789012123456789012345678901234567890121
1234567890123456789012345678901212345678901234567890123456789012123456789012345678901234567890121
tpazmfEdkif&ef Alter uD;udk
1234567890123456789012345678901212345678901234567890123456789012123456789012345678901234567890121
1234567890123456789012345678901212345678901234567890123456789012123456789012345678901234567890121
1234567890123456789012345678901212345678901234567890123456789012123456789012345678901234567890121
EdSyfvdkufyg/ Ribbon ay:&dS
1234567890123456789012345678901212345678901234567890123456789012123456789012345678901234567890121
1234567890123456789012345678901212345678901234567890123456789012123456789012345678901234567890121
1234567890123456789012345678901212345678901234567890123456789012123456789012345678901234567890121
icon wpfckpDwGif shortcut
1234567890123456789012345678901212345678901234567890123456789012123456789012345678901234567890121
1234567890123456789012345678901212345678901234567890123456789012123456789012345678901234567890121
key
twG u f uD ; cvk w f
1234567890123456789012345678901212345678901234567890123456789012123456789012345678901234567890121
1234567890123456789012345678901212345678901234567890123456789012123456789012345678901234567890121
1234567890123456789012345678901212345678901234567890123456789012123456789012345678901234567890121
(pmvH;k ) udk jyay;ygvdrrhf nf/
1234567890123456789012345678901212345678901234567890123456789012123456789012345678901234567890121
1234567890123456789012345678901212345678901234567890123456789012123456789012345678901234567890121
1234567890123456789012345678901212345678901234567890123456789012123456789012345678901234567890121
Oyrmtm;jzifh Alt uD;udk
1234567890123456789012345678901212345678901234567890123456789012123456789012345678901234567890121
1234567890123456789012345678901212345678901234567890123456789012123456789012345678901234567890121
EdSyfvdkufyg/ Page Layout
1234567890123456789012345678901212345678901234567890123456789012123456789012345678901234567890121
1234567890123456789012345678901212345678901234567890123456789012123456789012345678901234567890121
1234567890123456789012345678901212345678901234567890123456789012123456789012345678901234567890121
\ shortcut udk P [k jyae
1234567890123456789012345678901212345678901234567890123456789012123456789012345678901234567890121
1234567890123456789012345678901212345678901234567890123456789012123456789012345678901234567890121
1234567890123456789012345678901212345678901234567890123456789012123456789012345678901234567890121
ygonf
/ P uD ; cvk w f u d k
1234567890123456789012345678901212345678901234567890123456789012123456789012345678901234567890121
1234567890123456789012345678901212345678901234567890123456789012123456789012345678901234567890121
1234567890123456789012345678901212345678901234567890123456789012123456789012345678901234567890121
quf v uf Ed S y f v d k u f y gu
1234567890123456789012345678901212345678901234567890123456789012123456789012345678901234567890121
1234567890123456789012345678901212345678901234567890123456789012123456789012345678901234567890121
Page Layout ESifh ywfouf
1234567890123456789012345678901212345678901234567890123456789012123456789012345678901234567890121
1234567890123456789012345678901212345678901234567890123456789012123456789012345678901234567890121
1234567890123456789012345678901212345678901234567890123456789012123456789012345678901234567890121
onf
h shortcut (keys) rsm;
vk
y
i
f
ef
;
ud
k
yd
r
k
k
d
j
r
ef
q
ef
a
p&ef
cP save vkyfyg}} [l jzpf wdkif; save vkyfyg/ Save
1234567890123456789012345678901212345678901234567890123456789012123456789012345678901234567890121
1234567890123456789012345678901212345678901234567890123456789012123456789012345678901234567890121
1234567890123456789012345678901212345678901234567890123456789012123456789012345678901234567890121
udk jyay;ygvdrfhrnf/ F uD;
onf/ pmpDpmdkuform;rsm; vkyfjcif;udk tavhtusifh shortcut uD;rsm;udk
1234567890123456789012345678901212345678901234567890123456789012123456789012345678901234567890121
1234567890123456789012345678901212345678901234567890123456789012123456789012345678901234567890121
1234567890123456789012345678901212345678901234567890123456789012123456789012345678901234567890121
cvkwu
f Ekd ySd Mf unhyf g/ Office
ESifh Word jzifh pmrsufESm wpfckozG,f aqmif&Gufyg/ toH;k jyKjcif;
1234567890123456789012345678901212345678901234567890123456789012123456789012345678901234567890121
1234567890123456789012345678901212345678901234567890123456789012123456789012345678901234567890121
1234567890123456789012345678901212345678901234567890123456789012123456789012345678901234567890121
Word jzpfap? tjcm; menu (File menu) rsm; ay:
rsm;pGm pmpD tvkyfvkyfae if;twGuf Ctrl+S uD;udk
1234567890123456789012345678901212345678901234567890123456789012123456789012345678901234567890121
1234567890123456789012345678901212345678901234567890123456789012123456789012345678901234567890121
Muol r sm;twG u f tav; EdyS Ef ikd o
1234567890123456789012345678901212345678901234567890123456789012123456789012345678901234567890121
f nf/ Alt+F jzifh File aqmhzf0Jwpfckckjzifh tvkyf vmygrnf/ C udk EdSyfMunhf
1234567890123456789012345678901212345678901234567890123456789012123456789012345678901234567890121
1234567890123456789012345678901212345678901234567890123456789012123456789012345678901234567890121
xm; jyKvkyo
f ifo
h nfh tcsuf menu udk zGifhjyD; S uD;jzifh vkyfonfjzpfap vkyfief;ESifh yg/ oif\ document udk
1234567890123456789012345678901212345678901234567890123456789012123456789012345678901234567890121
1234567890123456789012345678901212345678901234567890123456789012123456789012345678901234567890121
1234567890123456789012345678901212345678901234567890123456789012123456789012345678901234567890121
ywfoufaom functions ydwfay;ygrnf/ if; shortwpfckvnf; jzpfonf/ uGef save vkyfEdkifygonf/
1234567890123456789012345678901212345678901234567890123456789012123456789012345678901234567890121
1234567890123456789012345678901212345678901234567890123456789012123456789012345678901234567890121
1234567890123456789012345678901212345678901234567890123456789012123456789012345678901234567890121
ysLwmwG i f taMumif ; - tu,f taMumif;udp rsm;? menu rsm;udk jrifom cut keys rsm;udk oifhtae
1234567890123456789012345678901212345678901234567890123456789012123456789012345678901234567890121
1234567890123456789012345678901212345678901234567890123456789012123456789012345678901234567890121
aMumif;aMumifh &yfoGm;jcif;? ay:ayguf uGefysLwmudk atmif jyay;xm;ygonf/ ESifh tvGwf usufrSwfxm;
1234567890123456789012345678901212345678901234567890123456789012123456789012345678901234567890121
1234567890123456789012345678901212345678901234567890123456789012123456789012345678901234567890121
1234567890123456789012345678901212345678901234567890123456789012123456789012345678901234567890121
ydwfoGm;jcif; jzpfcJhygu vkyf tcsdeftwefMum zGifhvsuf odkYwdkif armufpfjzifh vdkufzGifh &ef rvdkawmhyg/ Shortcut
1234567890123456789012345678901212345678901234567890123456789012123456789012345678901234567890121
1234567890123456789012345678901212345678901234567890123456789012123456789012345678901234567890121
1234567890123456789012345678901212345678901234567890123456789012123456789012345678901234567890121
aqmifaeaom vkyfief;rsm; xm;cJh&rnfqdkygu save &jcif;? tools udk tqifhqifh key jyay;jcif;udk rvdktyfyg
1234567890123456789012345678901212345678901234567890123456789012123456789012345678901234567890121
1234567890123456789012345678901212345678901234567890123456789012123456789012345678901234567890121
udk save vkyf jyD;pD;aeapjcif; vkyjf yD; zdik u
1234567890123456789012345678901212345678901234567890123456789012123456789012345678901234567890121
f kd ydwcf yhJ g/ Alt+ zGifh&jcif;rsm; &dSonf/ kwf u Alter uD ; ud k aemuf
1234567890123456789012345678901212345678901234567890123456789012123456789012345678901234567890121
1234567890123456789012345678901212345678901234567890123456789012123456789012345678901234567890121
vnf; jzpfonf/
1234567890123456789012345678901212345678901234567890123456789012123456789012345678901234567890121
F jzifh File menu udk zGifhjyD; w&uf &S m rawG U jcif ; rsm; wpf c suf jyef E d S y f v d k u f y g/
1234567890123456789012345678901212345678901234567890123456789012123456789012345678901234567890121
1234567890123456789012345678901212345678901234567890123456789012123456789012345678901234567890121
- Document wpf c k u d k C uD;jzifh Close vkyfEdkifyg vnf;jzpfwwfonf/ tqdyk g wpfenf;tm;jzifh Alter uD;
1234567890123456789012345678901212345678901234567890123456789012123456789012345678901234567890121
1234567890123456789012345678901212345678901234567890123456789012123456789012345678901234567890121
1234567890123456789012345678901212345678901234567890123456789012123456789012345678901234567890121
tcuf t cJ t wG u f Word onf toggle cvkwf jzpf
wnf a qmuf j yD ; cPrQ onf/
1234567890123456789012345678901212345678901234567890123456789012123456789012345678901234567890121
1234567890123456789012345678901212345678901234567890123456789012123456789012345678901234567890121
od
kYr[kwf aqmhzf0Jrsm;wGif onf/
tMumwGif if; document
1234567890123456789012345678901212345678901234567890123456789012123456789012345678901234567890121
1234567890123456789012345678901212345678901234567890123456789012123456789012345678901234567890121
1234567890123456789012345678901212345678901234567890123456789012123456789012345678901234567890121
Word 2007 wG i f
shortcut keys rsm; zefwD;
udk trnfay;yg/ Save vkyf
1234567890123456789012345678901212345678901234567890123456789012123456789012345678901234567890121
1234567890123456789012345678901212345678901234567890123456789012123456789012345678901234567890121
shortcut
trsm;pkrSm ,cif
1234567890123456789012345678901212345678901234567890123456789012123456789012345678901234567890121
ay;xm;ygonf/
vkdufyg/
1234567890123456789012345678901212345678901234567890123456789012123456789012345678901234567890121
1234567890123456789012345678901212345678901234567890123456789012123456789012345678901234567890121
Word version ta[mif;
1234567890123456789012345678901212345678901234567890123456789012123456789012345678901234567890121
- if; document wGif pmpD
1234567890123456789012345678901212345678901234567890123456789012123456789012345678901234567890121
1234567890123456789012345678901212345678901234567890123456789012123456789012345678901234567890121
rsm;twdkif;jzpfonf/ Oyrm
'DZdkif;xkwfaepOf rMumcP
1234567890123456789012345678901212345678901234567890123456789012123456789012345678901234567890121
1234567890123456789012345678901212345678901234567890123456789012123456789012345678901234567890121
1234567890123456789012345678901212345678901234567890123456789012123456789012345678901234567890121
tm;jzifh Ctrl +B onf Bold
save vkyfyg/ aumfzDaomuf
1234567890123456789012345678901212345678901234567890123456789012123456789012345678901234567890121
1234567890123456789012345678901212345678901234567890123456789012123456789012345678901234567890121
jzpf Ctrl+N onf new
1234567890123456789012345678901212345678901234567890123456789012123456789012345678901234567890121
&ef acw em;jcif;? zkef;oH
1234567890123456789012345678901212345678901234567890123456789012123456789012345678901234567890121
1234567890123456789012345678901212345678901234567890123456789012123456789012345678901234567890121
document jzpfygonf/ F7
Mum; xoGm;jcif;? tjcm;
1234567890123456789012345678901212345678901234567890123456789012123456789012345678901234567890121
1234567890123456789012345678901212345678901234567890123456789012123456789012345678901234567890121
1234567890123456789012345678901212345678901234567890123456789012123456789012345678901234567890121
onf spell checking
tvkyfwpfckckudk vkyfjcif;
1234567890123456789012345678901212345678901234567890123456789012123456789012345678901234567890121
1234567890123456789012345678901212345678901234567890123456789012123456789012345678901234567890121
1234567890123456789012345678901212345678901234567890123456789012123456789012345678901234567890121
twGuf jzpfonf/
ponf uGeyf sLwmrS cP &yf
1234567890123456789012345678901212345678901234567890123456789012123456789012345678901234567890121
1234567890123456789012345678901212345678901234567890123456789012123456789012345678901234567890121
1234567890123456789012345678901212345678901234567890123456789012123456789012345678901234567890121
1234567890123456789012345678901212345678901234567890123456789012123456789012345678901234567890121
1234567890123456789012345678901212345678901234567890123456789012123456789012345678901234567890121

154

uGefysLwm*sme,f

uGeyf sLwmtar;tajz

uGeyf sLwmtar;tajz

pdwu
f ;l awGursm;
Q
uRefawmfwdkYjrdKU
u Cyber rSm ygn chat r&dS
yg/ ygnchat udk rnfodkY&,l
rnfenf;/ GSM xJudk SM3
xnfhvdkygw,f/ rnfodkY jyK
vkyf&rnfenf;/ Software
CD &dy
S gw,f/ zdik rf sm;udk memory stick xJodkY xnfhvdk
ygw,f/ rnfodkY xnfh&rnf
enf;/

tifwmeufuae download
&,lyg/ www.scoopscript.
com odkYr[kwf www.mirc.
com uwpfqifh mIRC udk
,lyg/if;aqmhz0f u
J ae Ygnchat udk 0ifzdkYtwGuf tqifh
qifh register vkyf&ygr,f/
udk,f&JU trnf? tD;ar;vf
vdypf m ponfukd jznfah y;&yg
r,f/ MudK;pm;Munfhyg/
GSM xJudk SM3 xnfh w,f/ CD xJrSmvnf; ma- port xJ udk memory stick
wyfvdkufjyD; uGefysLwmu
A Ygn chat udk oHk; zdkY&m if; Software CD 0,f nual ygrSmyg/
uGeyf sLwmrSm &dw
S hJ USB vufcHw,fqdk&if hardware
Edkif&ef t&ifqHk; aqmhzf0Judk wJh ae&mrSmyJ pHkprf;apvdkyg
(icon) topfwpfck ay:vm
ygr,f/ if;wGif uGefysLwmrS
vkyfovdk Copy-Paste enf;
eJY zdkifrsm;udk ul;Edkifygw,f/
Memory stick udk wyf&m?
jzKwf&mrSmawmh pepfwus
jyKvkyfoifhygw,f/

azazmf0g&?D 2008 155

uGeyf sLwmtar;tajz
Format awG vdu
k f yI af eovm;vdYk

Q uRefawmf tifwm
euf web page wpfcu
k kd zwf
csi
f Word rSm aumfyD ul;,l
vd k u f y gw,f / 'gayr,f h
Word xJrSm yHkpHrusawmhbJ
usw
J hJ pmyd'k u
f us?J ab;a&muf
aewJh pmydk'fu a&mufeJY jyif
vdkYvnf; r&yg/ if;wdkYudk
MunfhvdkYaumif;atmif vkyf
csifygw,f/ enf;vrf;rsm;
azmfjyay;ygcifAsm;/

om; wnfaqmufMu&mrSm
format awGvnf; trsKd;rsKd;
yg0ifaeygw,f/ if;wdkYudk
Word rSm ul;wifvdkufawmh
format awG IyfaxG;aewm
aMumifh Munfh&wm tqif
rajywmrsKd; jzpfaeygw,f/
,ck Word zdik rf mS format awG
Iyaf ewmudk &Si;f apzdYk &m enf;
vrf ; tcsKd U ud k a&;vd k u f y g
w,f/

Format udk zGifhjyD; Reveal

Formatting (Shift+ F1) udk

uvpfvkyfyg/ xdktcg a&G;

cs,fxm;aom text rsm;udk
b,fvdk format rsm;eJY a&;
om; wnfaqmufxm;w,f
qdkwmudk jyxm;ay;ygvdrfh
r,f/
yxrenf;
Web page uae Word

odkY aumfyDul;,l&mrSm pdwf

&SnfpGm jyKvkyfzdkY vdkygw,f/
tm;vHk;udk select (Ctrl+A)
vkyjf yD; ul;vdu
k &f if tcsed Mf um
wJ
h
t
jyif
trS
m;vnf; ay:
A Web pages rsm; Word zdik rf mS b,fvkd format
udk pGJrufzG,fjzpfatmif 'DZdkif; awGeJY wnfaqmufxm;ovJ wwf y gw,f / jzpf E d k i f & if
if;twGuf (Menu bar) pmydk'ftvdkuf wpfydk'fcsif; odkY
tqiftjyifrsm;eJY tjydKif a&;
r[kwf tydk'f enf;enf;csif;
ul;yg/ yHkrsm;udk Save as
vkyfjyD; oD;jcm;odrf;yg/ Web
page rS m paragraph od k Y
r[kwf table eJY xnfhxm;wJh
pmom;rsm;udk wpfydk'fcsif;
ul;,lapvdkygw,f/ Word
rSm &Sif;&Sif;vifvif; &,ljyD;
jzpfwmudk awGU&ygr,f/

tifwmeuf
Q
Wireless adapter eJY AP &d&
S if tifwmeufukd
csucf si;f toH;k jyKEdik yf govm;/
wjcm; ADSL wdkY Braodband wdYk vkd ISP eJY qufo,
G f
&rSmvm;/ jrefrmEdkifiHrSm tdrf
wdkif;vdkvdk wyfqif toHk;jyK

156

awmfu hardware t"du,l

xm;wJh ausmif;om;jzpfvdkY
hardware eJY ywfoufjyD;
oif w ef ; wuf v d k y gw,f /
oifwef;rsm;udk vrf;nTefay;
ygcifAsm;/ 2004 ckESpf uGef
ysLwm*sme,f atmufwdkbm
v trSwf (128) rSmygwJh

'kw,
d enf;
ajymif;csifwJh pmydk'f odkY
r[kwf pmrsufESmwpfckvHk;udk
select (Ctrl+A) vk y f j yD ;
(Ctrl+Shift+N) cvkwr
f sm;udk
wpfjydKifwnf; EdSyfMunhfyg/
if;onf Normal style odkY
ajymif;vdkufjcif; jzpfygw,f/
xdkYaemuf manual character formatting rsm;udk z,f
xkwf&ef (Ctrl+Space) udk
EdSyfyg/ Paragraph format
rsm;udk azsmuf&ef (Ctrl+Q)
udk EdSyfvdkufyg/
wwd,enf;
ajymif;vdkwJh pmydk'f odkY
r[kwf pmrsuEf mS wpfcv
k ;kH udk
select vkyfxm;jyD; Word udk
Styles and Formatting odkY
ajymif;vdkufyg/ ay:vmaom
box rS Clear Formatting udk
a&G;cs,f uvpf vkyfvdkufyg/
tJ'Dvdk format awGudk z,f
xkwv
f u
kd af yr,fh Table &daS e
&if if;udk Table odkY ajymif;
jyD; Row odkYr[kwf Column
rsm;udk vkyf&ygr,f/

jynfwGif;uae iTunes rS
oDcsif;rsm;udk 0,f,lvdkY &yg
ovm;/
jird ;f csr;f armif
(ausmufyef;awmif;)

aejyDjzpfwJh j*dK[fwkpavmif;
rsm;rS channel tajymif ;
tvJ ? frequency (code
number) tajymif ; tvJ
A ar;xm;wJh tcsuf
ponfh pHpk v
kH ifvif avhvmEdik f
udk odyfr&Sif;yg/ tifwmeuf
wJh websites rsKd;&dS&if azmfjy Lame Brain MP3 encoding udk oHk;zdkY&m ISP (Internet
ay;ygcifAsm;/ aemufjyD; uRef software udk vdkcsifygw,f/ Service Provider) odkY csdwf

uGefysLwm*sme,f

uGeyf sLwmtar;tajz
quf&ygr,f/ tJ'Dvdk csdwf
qufcGifhtwGufvnf; account wpfckck &dS&ygr,f/
j*dK[fwkpavmif;eJY ywfouf
wJh code tajymif;tvJponf
taMumif;udk uRefawmfwdkY
ruRrf;usifyg/ if; websites twGuf eD;pyfwJh pum;
vH;k wpfcck u
k kd Search rSm du
k f
xnfhjyD; &SmMunhfyg/ Hardware ynm&yftwGuf b,fvkd
oif w ef ; rsKd ; wuf & r,f
qdkwmxuf udk,fwdkif pdwf
0ifpm;jyD; MudK;pm; oif,ljcif;
om t"dujzpfygw,f/ uGef
ysLwm qifwm? jyifwmawG vufawGU vkyfMunhfyg/ A+ ing and Repairing PCs vdk
ud k wwf E d k i f o avmuf Certification eJY Upgrad- pmtk y f r sm;ud k avh v myg/

jrefrmpmtkyfrsm;vnf; &dSae
ygjyD/
LameBrain MP3 encoding software udk &,lzdkY
&m lamebrain_a_lame
_based_mp3_encoder_
and_cd_ripper/ dkufxnfh
jyD; 0ifMunhfyg/ if;rS Lame
Brain_Source_Code zip
zdkifudk download &,lEdkifyg

w,f/
jynfwGif;uae iTunes
u oDcsif;awG 0,fcsif&if
bank account wpf c k c k u d k
t&ifziG &hf ygr,f/ if;rS owf
rSww
f hJ aiGaMu;udk ydYk ay;vdu
k f
yg/

Recent udk azsmufcsiyf gw,f

&if Word zdkifudk USB drive

eJYul;jyD; odrf;ygw,f/ 'gay
Q
uRefawmfwdkY Hk; us oHk;ae&ygw,f/ txl; r,fh uRefawmf oHk;xm;cJhwJh
rS m uG e f y sLwmwpf v H k ; ud k ojzifh Word eJY pmdkufMu Word zdik u
f recent file tae
0efxrf; 4 a,mufu tvSnhf wmyg/ tJ'g uReaf wmf oH;k jyD; eJY usefaewmudak wGU&vdYk if;
recent file udkyg zsufxm;cJh
csifygw,f/ jrefjrefqefqef
vkyfEdkifwJhenf;rsm; &dS&ifay;
ygcifAsm;/
A

vG , f y gw,f /

Word zdkifwpfzdkifudk zGifhvdkuf

yg/ tJ'DrSm recent documents awGukd jrifae&ygr,f/

if;wdkYrS udk,f zsufcsifwJh

zdkifudk armufpfwifjyD; (Ctrl
+ Alt + - (minus)) uD;rsm;udk
EdSyfvdkufyg/
aemufwpfenf;u recent files list udk MudKwifjyD;

enf;enf;av;om owfrSwf
ay;yg/ if;twGuf Tools >
Options udk zGifhjyD; General
(tab) odkY ajymif;yg/ if;wGif
Recently used file list: udk
b,fEzS ikd f owfrw
S rf ,fqw
kd m
ajymif;ay;Edkifygw,f/

azazmf0g&?D 2008 157

uGeyf sLwmtar;tajz
Service man awGrS em;vnfEikd rf mS yg

Q
uRefawmf rMum
cifu system ESppf kH 0,fvu
kd f
ygw,f/ wpfprkH mS topfjzpf
wpfpHkrSm oHk;jyD;om; jzpfyg
w,f/ topfrSm MB Giga-

supply udkjzKwfjyD; jyefwyf

vQif 3.3V em; jyefa&mufjyD;

rMumcif jypfcsuftwdkif;
jzpf w wf y gw,f / tb,f
aMumifh odkY jzpf&ygovJ/
byte A7VTXH, 256MB jyKjyif &? r&odcsifygw,f/
RAM, AMD Athlon
odef;aqG
XP 266 MHz, GeForce 2x
MX400 jzpfygw,f/ topf

udk prf;oyf&m rMumcifwGif

CPU socket ab;em;&dS capacitor ESpfvHk; azmif;vmyg
w,f/ odkYaomf ,ckxd oHk;
&aeygw,f/ ta[mif; wpf
vHk;rSm Windows application wGif tqifajyygw,f/
*drf;wpfckck upm;vQif tpif;
aMumif; rsm;vmjyD; upm;vdkY
r&awmhyg/ xl;jcm;csufrSm
topfwiG f BIOS version F3
eJY AMI BIOS setup Chipset features setup atmuf&dS
SDRAM Frequency ae&m
wGif 133 [kjyygw,f/ puf
ta[mif;wGif BIOS version
F7 eJY Chipset features setup atmuf&dS SDRAM frequency ae&mwGif 266 [k
jyygw,f/ ta[mif;&dS hard-

uGefysLwm topf
A
wpfvHk;&JU CPU socket ab;
em;rSm &dSwJh capacitor 2 vHk;
azmif;vmw,fvYkd ajymxm;yg
w,f/ if;rSm CPU power
twGuf protect vkyfxm;wJh
electronic device rsm; jzpfyg
w,f/ Capacitor uGJrxGuf
ao;oa&G U oH k ; Ed k i f y gao;
w,f/ if; device rsm;rSm
error jzpfay:jcif;onf input
power aMumifh jzpfygw,f/
t0if (input) power rsm;udk
ppfyg/ 220V wGif t0ifvikd ;f
160V odYk avsmhaecJv
h Qif systemunit rS power supply

ware monitor & misc setup

atmufwGif +3.3V jyaom

ae&m yxr pufprf;vQif

eD;yg;jyjyD; tcsdefMum
vmonfEiS t
hf rQ 3.3V atmuf
avsmh v mygw,f / 3.1V
atmufa&mufaomtcg
txufyg jypfcsurf sK;d jzpfvm
ygw,f/ odkYaomf power
3.3V

158

uGefysLwm*sme,f

udk rEdkif0efxrf;cdkif;jcif; jzpf

w,f v d k Y qd k & ygr,f / xd k Y
aMumifh power supply DC
tuGufrSm +5V eJY +12V wdkY
wnf jidrfrIr&dSbJ tqdkyg capacitor rsm;uyg rEdkif0ef
xrf;ae&vdkY azmif;vmjcif;
jzpfygw,f/ tmrcH&dSao;&if
0,fxm;wJh qdik u
f kd oGm;jyefvJ
Munhfyg/
ta[mif ; wpf v H k ; rS m
Windows applications

rsm;wGif tqifajyjyD; *drf;

upm;vQif tpif;aMumif;rsm;
xvdYk aqmhr&ygvdYk qdx
k m;yg
w,f/ jzpfEdkifajconf *&yf
zpfuwfonf oD;jcm;uwf
vm; od k Y r[k w f built-in
motherboard vm;qd k w J h
tay: rlwnfwwfygw,f/
Onboard graphic card udk
oH;k xm;vdYk memory rSm SPD
(serial percent detection)
function ygaom memory
udk oHk;&ygr,f/ if; SPD
rygaom memory udk oHk;

xm;vQif tpif;aMumif; xif

ygu graphic card udk wdk;

ay;xm;wJh share memory
udk wdk;Munfhyg/ tJ'Dvdk wdk;
MunhfvdkYrS error jzpfaeao;
&if memory bad error om
jzpfygw,f/ if;onf processor rsm; calculate vkyf
aom data udk memory rSm
store rvkyfEdkifwJh jyem
jzpfEdkifygw,f/
armif&ifh pufrmS oD;jcm;
graphic card udk oHk;xm;yg
u if;udk ppfaq;Munhfyg/
wjcm; graphic card topf
wpfckeJY vJxnfhjyD; ppfMunhf
Edkif&if ydkaumif;ygw,f/ tJ'D
vdk uwfvJMunfhayr,fh error wufaeao;&if memory
a&SUrSm a&;xm;wJt
h wdik ;f memory bad error jzpfrSmyg/
'gayr,fh 3D Game rsm;
upm;wJhtcgrSom jzpfw,f
qdx
k m;vdYk 3D graphic function rsm;aMumif h jzpf w m
vm;vdYk pOf;pm;rdygw,f/ 3D
graphic card trsKd;tpm;udk
toHk;jyK ajz&Sif;Munhfyg/
AMI BIOS setup chipset features set up
atmuf&dS SDRAM ae&m
wGif 133 tpm; wjcm; frequency rsm; &dSao;vm; csdef
ndMunhfyg/ ryg&dSu BIOS
upgrade vkyr
f S &ygvdrrhf ,f/
xdkYtjyif BIOS date, chipset xkwfvkyfaom ukrPD

wdkYeJY vdkufavsmnDaxG jzpf&

ygr,f/ Power supply vJjyD;
prf;oyfMunhyf g/ Power lost
wefz;kd onf 12 &mcdik Ef eI ;f jzpf
ygw,f/

uGeyf sLwmtar;tajz
pdwu
f ;l awGursm;
Q uRefawmfh uGefysL
wmxJu Windows Media
Player ud k Winamp pwJ h
player awGrSmygwJh visualization vdr
k sKd; uRefawmhf ud,
k f
ydik pf w
d u
f ;l eJY ud,
k w
f ikd f zefw;D
csifygw,f/ rnfonfh software udk oHk;&r,fqdkwm od
vdkygw,f/ tJ'grsKd;zefwD;zdkY
twGuf programming uRr;f
usifzdkYvdk? rvdkudkvnf; odvkd
ygw,f/ aemufwpfcku uGef
ysLwmxJrS visualization eJY
uGeyf sLwm AD',
D v
kd yI &f mS ;rIawG
udk vdck si&f if armfew
D mu wpf
qifh video camera eJY du
k ,
f l
&w,f q d k w m od y gw,f /
'gayr,fh video camera eJY
rdkufbJ uGefysLwmxJuae
software oH k ; jyD ; printscreen zrf;ovdk kduf,lcsif
ygw,f/ jzpfEdkifygovm;/
Software &d&
S ifvnf; odvykd g
w,f/ uGefysLwmuae TV
vd k i f ; awG u d k zrf ; Munh f z d k Y
bmawG vd k t yf y govJ /

b,favmuf ukefusEdkifrvJ
qdkwm ajzay;apvdkygw,f/
CNO (a&Tawmif) a l A

Media visuali-

udk qdkvdkwm xifyg

w,f/ Software rsm;taeeJY
zation

Advanced Visualization
Studio (Nullsoft), Bomb
Software (www. filesland.
com), BeatHarness (VJ
software), ExVis (www.exsotron.com), Goom (visual
effectsgenerator for MP3)
, MilkDrop (Andy O' Meara), projectM (music visu-

izer), R4
(R4 Software
Inc), Virtual Light
Machine (Light synthesizer), VSXu (www.vsxu.
com), VUSIC (www.vusic.
com) qdkjyD; awGU&ygw,f/

rnfonfah qmhz0f u
J ydak umif;
w,fqw
kd mudak wmh vufawGU
oHk;MunhfjyD;rS odEdkifygr,f/
if;wdkYudk oHk;&ef programming uRrf;usifzdkY rvdkyg/
yg0ifwhJ tools awGukd aumif;

oabm
rsKd; zrf;csif&if
Cyber Link Power
DVD udk oHk;Munhfyg/ if;
wGif uifr&myHk icon av;

yg0ifjyD; AD'D,dk jyuGufrsm;rS

ESpfouf&mtcef;udk uvpf
vkyfvdkufHkom jzpfygw,f/
tjcm; aqmhzf0Jrsm;taeeJY
Gadwin Print-Screen v4.3,
Capture Professional
v6.05 (Creative Software
Inc),Any Capture Screen
(Any-capture) wdkYudk prf;

rGepf mG oH;k Edik zf Ykdom vdyk gw,f/

wpfckawmh &dSygw,f/ VGA
card aumif;zdYk vdy
k gvdrrhf ,f/
if; aqmhzf0Judk zGifhjyD; oDcsif;
odkYr[kwf wD;vHk;udk input jyK
vkyfum visualization udk
oHk;Edkifygw,f/ ESpfouf&m
player wpfcu
k akd wmh zGix
hf m;
&ygr,f/
uGefysLwmxJu AD'D,dk
vIyf&Sm;rIrsm;udk printscreen

oyf oHk;MunfhEdkifygw,f/
*&yf z pf u wf r S m TV
output yg&ygr,f / od k Y
r[kwf TV output card udk
oD;jcm; 0,fxnfh&ygr,f/
*&yfzpfuwfeYJ twlygwJh TV
output onf if ; *&yf z pf
uwf t&nf t aoG ; ay:
rlwnfjyD; aps;MuD;ygw,f/
oD;jcm;uwfrsm;u ydkjyD; aps;
oufomwwfygw,f/ uGef
ysLwmypnf; ta&mif;qdkif
rsm;rSm pHkprf;Munhfyg/

azazmf0g&?D 2008 159

uGeyf sLwmtar;tajz
Avm tD;ar;vfawG
Q
uRef a wmf tD ;
ar;vf ESpfapmif &ygw,f/
'gayr,fh bmpmom;rS ryg
yg/ t&G,ftpm;vnf; rjy
yg/ aeYpaJG wmh ygygw,f/ if;
wdkYudk rouFmvdkY Adkif;&yfpf
aqmh z f 0 J e J Y ppf a wmh v nf ;
bmrSrjyyg/ wpfckckrsm; rSm;
aewmvm; cifAsm;/

armif&ifh tD;ar;vfrsm;onf
Ad k i f ; &yf p f rsm; jzpf z d k Y
rsm;ygw,f/ bmrS rygbl;
qd k j yD ; rzG i f h v d k u f y geJ Y /
Adkif;&yfpful;ygvdrfhr,f/ Adkif;
&yfpf aqmhz0f J ajymif;jyD; owf
Munhyf g/ odYk r[kwf z,fxw
k f
zdkY MudK;pm;Munhfyg/
aemufwpfcsuftaeeJY
wpf p H k w pf a ,muf u tD ;
tcktcsdefrSm Adkif; ar;vfukd vufwphJ rf;jyD; ydYkwm
A
&yfpfawGudk tD;ar;vfrsm;u rsKd;vnf; jzpfwwfygw,f/
k rf xnfb
h J vdypf mudk
wpf qif h yd k Y a eMuwmyg/ bmrS du

oH;k Munh&f if oabmusomG ;rSmyg

Q

uRefronf MitjrJwrf;
oHk;ae&ol jzpfygw,f/ tck
Word 2007 ud k o H k ; &mrS m
rsufpdvnfaeygw,f/ ,cif
Word version ta[mif;rsm;
eJY rwlvdkY wpfckckajymif;csif
crosoft Word udk

160

&if tools awGudk renf;vdkuf

&Smae&ygw,f/ txl;ojzifh
jrefrmvdk '? " du
k v
f Ykd &atmif
Tools - Options rSmajymif;zdkY
&m tvG,fwul &SmrawGUyg/
taumif;qHk; enf;vrf;udk
jyay;yg&Sifh/

uGefysLwm*sme,f

send vkyv
f u
kd w
f hJ oabmyg/

aemuf jzpf E d k i f w mu
sparm wpf c k c k u d k yd k Y v d k u f
wmrSm tumtuG,jf yKay;whJ
aqmhzf0Ju ydwfxm;vdkY bm
pmom;rS rygawmhbJ 0ifvm

[ef wlygw,f/ 'Dvdk tum

tuG,f jyKay;wJh aqmhzf0J
tcsKd U onf pmom;rygwJ h
twGuf b,fvdkrsKd;qdkwm jy
ray;Edkifjcif; jzpfygw,f/

&JU
ay:vmygr,f/ if; box
tool/menu rsm; wnfaqmuf
&JUb,fbuftjcrf;u 'Poxm;yHkudk em;vnfoGm;&if
pular, Proofing, Save,
Advanced, Customize
Word 2007 udk oabmus
oGm;ygvdrrhf ,f/ olY&UJ ribbon
ponfwdkYudk wpfckcsif; zGifh
rSm icons awG? menu awG
Munh f y g/ txl ; ojzif h
trsm;MuD;jyxm;ayr,fh ,cif
Proofing eJY Customize
version rsm;eJY tvkyfvkyfcJh
rSm ,cif Word version
olrsm;twGuf vdkwmudk kwf
ta[mif ; rsm;u tools
w&uf &Smr&jzpfaeMuwmyg/
awG? menu awGudk tukef
wu,fwrf;rSm Tools /OpjyefawGU&ygvdrfhr,f/
tions udk tvG,fwul azmf - jrefrmpm '? " udk dkufEdkif
xkwfEdkifygw,f/
zdkY&m Proofing udk zGifhjyD;
- Word 2007 udk zGifhyg/
AutoCorrect Options
tay:qH k ; b,f b uf
ud k uvpf v k y f y g/ if ;
axmif h r S Office logo
xyfraH y:vmwJh box xJ u
cvkwfudk uvpfvkyf zGifh
AutoFormat eJ Y Auto
yg/
Format As You Type
- yGifhvmwJh jrif uGif; &JU
u 'Straight quotes
atmufqHk; bm;wef;ay:
with smart quotes wdkYudk
u Word Options cvkwf
trSwfjcpfay; (a&G;cs,f
udk zGifhyg/
xm;jcif;) rS jzKwfvdkufyg/
- Word Options (box)
A

Word 2007

uGeyf sLwmtar;tajz
Calculator awG 'Davmuf aygaewm

uReaf wmfo
h il ,fcsi;f wpf
a,mufu Microsoft Word
zdik u
f zkd iG jhf yD; 10+10 udk aygif;
jywm tajz (10) wef; xGuf
ygw,f/ Word &JU menu bar
rSmvnf; calculator yHkav;eJY
Tools Calculate qdkwmudk
vnf; awGU&ygw,f/ uRef
awmfh uGefysLwm&JU Word rSm
r&dSyg/ ol b,fvdk zefwD;
w,fqdkwmudk odvdkygw,f/
Calculator udk uRefawmfwdkY
tvG,fwul oHk;Edkifayr,fh
Word rSm olvkyfxm;wmudk
odcsifvdkYyg/ MuHMuHzefzef
ar;vdkuf&wmudk pdwfr&dSygeJY
cifAsm;/

&dSjyD; jzpfygw,f/ if;onf

table wnfaqmufjyD; if;
table xJu qJvfuGufxJrSm
*Pef ; rsm;ud k xnf h j yD ;
taygif;? tEkwf? tajrmuf?
tpm; tajccH wGucf sufrrI sm;
udk jyKvkyfEdkifygw,f/ if;
twG u f tvsOf ; oif h o vd k
&Si;f jyay;ygr,f/ tckarmif&if
ar;xm;wJhar;cGef;t& Word
rS m calculator function
wpfck zefwD;vdkufw,fvdkY
xifygw,f/ if;eJY ywfouf
vd k Y ajzzd k Y & m Word FAQ
tawmf r sm;rsm;ud k &S m azG
avhvmcJh&ygw,f/

Toolbars > Customize udk

zGifhyg/
2/ Customize (box) ay:
vmygrnf/ if;wGif Commands (tab) odkY ajymif;jyD;
Tools > Tools Calculate qdk
wJh pmom;rsm;udk &Smyg/
Word wGif calculator
3/ Tools Calculate qdkwJh
Calculator eJY ywfouf wnfaqmufjcif;
vdkY Word rSm vkyfaqmifcsuf 1/ Word udk zGifhyg/ View > pmom;udkawGU&if if;udk select vk y f a&G ; cs,f x m;jyD ;
armufpfeJY Word &JU toolbar
&dS&modkY qGJwifvdkufyg/
3/ xd k t cg toolbar rS m
Tools Calculate qdw
k hJ func-

wpfck ay:vmygvdrfh
r,f / if ; pmom;ay:ud k
armufpn
f muvpf EdyS jf yD; ay:
vmwJh pop-up menu xJu
Change Button Image udk
a&G;cs,f zGifhvdkufyg/ if;wGif
icons yHi
k ,fav;rsm;udk jyay;
xm;jyD; tqdkyg icons rsm;rS
calculator yHkuav;udk a&G;
cs,fvdkufyg/
4/ ,ck armif&ihf Word toolbar rSm Tools Calculate qdk
wJh function wpfcak y:aewm
udk jrif&ygr,f/
5/ ,ck armif&ifh Word rSm
*Pef;wGuv
f Ykd&ygjyD/ 10+10
vdkY kdufvdkufyg/ if; 10+10
udk highlight vkyf a&G;cs,f
xm;yg/
6/ Toolbar u Tools Calculate udk uvpfvkyfvdkuf
yg/ wu,fvdkY tajz rxGuf
ao;&if Ctrl+V uD;cvkwf
rsm;udk EdSyfvkdufyg/
8/ tajz 20 udk jyay;xm;
wmudk jrif&ygr,f/
tion

azazmf0g&?D 2008 161

uGeyf sLwmtar;tajz
Registry udk toH;k rsm;vmMujyv
D m;

Q Anti-virus aqmhzf
0Jrsm; jzpfaom AVG, AVAST
ESifh NOD32 wdkY\ definition update rsm;udk tifwm
euf rnfonfh 0ufbfqdkuf
rsm;wGif rnfuJhodkY download vkyf&rnfudk odvdkyg
onf/ ,if;wdkYtm; thumb
drive wGif save vkyjf yD; rdr\
d
uG e f y sLwmwG i f oH k ; csif y g
onf/ jzpfEdkifvQif wpfckcsif;
tao;pdwf azmfjyay;apvdkyg
w,f/ vuf&dSrSmawmh kaspersky 6.0 udk oH;k aeygw,f/
Update vnf; vkyfwwfyg
w,f/ Registry editor eJY
ywfoufvdkY pmtkyfrsm;udk
&nfnTef;ay;ygcifAsm;/
K. Toe (&efuif;)

euf csdwfqufxm;wJh puf

twGufjzpfjyD; offline u
tifwmeufr&dw
S hJ tjcm; uGef
ysLwmrsm;odkY o,faqmif
xnfhay;zdkY jzpfygw,f/ ,ck
tjcm;odYk o,faqmif&ef offline update udk a&;ygr,f/
- http://free.grisoft.com
udk zGiyhf g/ odYkr[kwf Google Search wGif 'avg virus definition update'

[k dkufxnfhyg/
- if;wGif 'AVG Free Advisor-Updates' 0ufbf
qdkufudk zGifhyg/
- xyf q if h ay:vmaom
jrifuGif;rS Recommen-

A AVG antivirus
twGuf definition update
files rsm;udk download &,l
&mrSm online update eJY offline update qdkjyD; ESpfrsKd; &dS
ygw,f/ Online u tifwm

162

uGefysLwm*sme,f

od k Y o,f a qmif E d k i f y g
qd k o nf h
onf/
acgif;pOfudk &SmjyD; if;&dS
Windows: 7.5.516 udk - uGefysLwmwGif xnfh&ef
if;zdkifudk [mh'f'pf C: odkY
ul;,lvdkufyg/
- Task bar ay:&dS (em&Dab;)
AVG icon udk armufpf
nmuvpf EdSyfzGifhyg/
- ay:vmaom menu xJu
'Check for Updates' udk
a&G;cs,f uvpfvkyfyg/
Update (box) ay:vmyg
r,f/
uvpfvyk yf g/ if; eHygwf - if;wGif Folder udk a&G;
onf aeY&uf t vd k u f
cs,f uvpfvkyfjyD; *.bin
ajymif;vJEdkifygonf/
file &dSonfh ae&mudk nTef
- xdktcg update zd k i f u d k
ay;vdkufyg/
download jyKvkyfygvdrfh - xdktcg update vkyfief;
rnf/ zdkif t&G,ftpm;MuD;
pOfudk jyKvkyfygvdrfhrnf/
aomaMumifh twefi,f
AVAST twGuV
f PS upMumjrifyh grnf/ zdik f extendates zdkifrsm;udk http://
sion (.bin) jzpfjyD; tqdy
k g
avast.com/eng/upzdkifudk odrf;xm;yg/ odkY
date_avast_4_vps.html
r[kwf tjcm; uGefysLwm
0ufbfqdkufuae downded updates

uGeyf sLwmtar;tajz
load &,lyg/ odkYr[kwf
http://www.avast.com
udk zGifhjyD; if;\ update

0ufbfqdkufudk a&G;cs,f
yg/ wpf e nf ; tm;jzif h
download links rsm;udk
uvpf vkyf Edkif yg onf/
if;rS download &&do
S nfh
zdkifudk uGefysLwmwGif run
Edkifygonf/
Registry Editor eJY ywf
oufvdkY uGefysLwm*sme,f
Sep, Oct, Nov, Dec2006 eJY
Jan 2007 vxk w f w d k Y w G i f
]]Registry odkY 0ifa&muf arT 2006 xkwf uGeyf sLwm*sme,f aqmif ; yg;rS m ]] Registry
aESmufjcif;}} acgif;pD;jzifh a&; pmrsufESm 147 wGif ]]0if;'dk;pf taMumif ; ud k em;vnf E d k i f
om; azmfjyzl;ygw,f/ Sept- twGuf tajccHvrf;nTefrsm;}} atmif MudK;pm;Munhfjcif;}} qdk

vdkufwmvm;/ b,fvdkvkyf
w,f qdkwm&,f? b,fvdkjyef
jyD; copy protect udk crack
uRef a wmh f r S m VCD/ vkyf&r,fqdkwmudk jzpfEdkif&if
DVD puf r&dSyg/ uGefysL vrf;nTefay;yg/
wmeJYyJ Zmwfum;awGudk zGifh
Jeffrey Tin (jrpfMu;D em;)
Munhaf e&ygw,f/ tck jrefrm
A VCD/DVD awG
um;awGu zGifhr&yg/ wcsKdU
Zmwfum;awGudk MudKufvdkY yJjzpfjzpf? toH;k cs aqmhz0f aJ wG
uGeyf sLwmxJ ul;xnfrh ,fqkd
&ifvnf; wpf0ufwpfysufrmS
cyclic error vdkY jyjyD; &yf
oGm;ygw,f/ vHk;0ul;r&yg/
CD to CD copy vkyf&if
vnf; r&yg/ Copy protect
vk y f x m;wmud k awG U &yg
w,f/ tJ'D copy protect
awGudk program code awGeJY
vkyx
f m;wmvm;/ 'grSr[kwf
CD burn wJt
h cgrSm component awGudk jzKwfjyD; ul;ay;

tJ't
D wGuaf wmh rMuKd ;pm;ygev
YJ m;
uRefawmhf VCD
Q
tcsyfrSm jrefrmZmwfum;awG
u zdkvf'gawGtaeeJY awGU&
ayr,fh tJ'gawGukd play vkyf
MunhfjyD; zGifhvdkYr&yg/ aemuf
jyD; oli,fcsif;wpfa,mufu
VCD oDcsi;f acGyYkday;ygw,f/
File size wdi
k ;f Munfah wmh 700
MB tjynfhawmh &dSygw,f/
Media player eJY zGifhMunfh
&ifvnf; &ygw,f/ 'gay
r,fh MP3 taeeJY format
convert vkyf&if shortcut
awGyJ &w,f/ VCD wpfcsyf
vHk;udk copy hard disk xJ
ul;xnfh&ifvnf; r&bl;/
Shortcut awG y J xG u f a e
w,f/

NyD; a&;xm;ygw,f/ Registry Editor eJY ywfoufwJh

pmtkyf trsm;tjym;udkvnf;
awGUzl;ayr,fh ,cknTef;zdkY&m
rrSwfrdawmhyg/ tifwmeuf
Search rSm 'Registry Editor', 'Registry Editor
Book', 'Windows Registry ebook' ponf du
k x
f nfh

jyD; &SmEdkifygw,f/ uRefawmfh

taeeJY if; Registry Editor zdkifrsm;udk pkpnf;ay;EdkifzdkY
MudK;pm;aeygw,f/ jrefrm
pmtkyfwpftkyftaeeJY 'Step
by Step' Windows Registry (rsKd;qufopf) pmtkyfudk

awGUzl;ygw,f/

yJjzpfjzpf uGefysLwmrSm Explorer taeeJY zGifhygu zdkif?

zdv
k 'f gawGU&wm xH;k pHyg/ ar;
cGef;t& ]play vkyfMunhfjyD;
zGifhr&yg} qdkwm b,fvdkrsKd;
zGirhf &wmvJ? b,fvkd player
eJY zGifhr&wmvJqdkwm r&Sif;
yg/ Audio CD format onf
CDDA (Compact Disk

azazmf0g&?D 2008 163

uGeyf sLwmtar;tajz
Digital Audio) udk qdkvdkjyD;
if;wdkYudk red-book pHnTef;

uvpfvkyfyg/ xdkYaemuf
CD drive udk a&G;cs,fyg/
rsm;t& jyKvkyfxm;wm jzpf - jrifuGif;wGif audio file
ygw,f/ if; format jzifh aursm; ay:vmygrnf/ aumfyD
dio data awGukd CD rSm odr;f
ul;vdkaom zdkifudk a&G;cs,f
jyD; tJ'DoDcsif;rsm;udk zGifhzdkY&m
yg/ tu,f ra&G;cs,f
player awG u vuf c H w J h
ygu zdkiftm;vHk;udk ul;yg
shortcut odkYr[kwf file link
vdrfhr,f/
jyefxkwfay;xm;wmyg/ tJ'D - Copy Music udk uvpf
audio CD format aMumifh
vk y f v d k u f y g/ if ; onf
oDcsif;zdik af wGukd yHrk eS f zdik af wG
My Documents xJ & d S
ul;ovdk wdu
k f u
kd af umfyD ul;
My Music zd k v f ' god k Y
cyclic error odkYr[kwf
vdkY r&yg/ Audio rip vkyfvdkY
wdu
k f u
kd f a&mufomG ;ygvdrhf
&wJh aqmhzf0Jrsm;udk oHk;jyD;
r,f/ wpfcak wmh &dyS gw,f/ cyclic redundancy checks
jyefajymif; ,l&ygr,f/ if;
if;onf WMA (Win- (CRCs) onf if; CD xJu
k f odYkr[kwf data tcsKUd ysuf
wGif WAV, WMA, MP3
dows Media Audio) for- zdi
ponf format rsKd;pHk &dSyg
mat tjzpfom &Edi
k yf gr,f/ aewmudk qdkvdkygw,f/ ysuf
w,f/ ul;enf;rsm;rSm
MP3 ponf ajymif;csif&if &wJh taMumif;&if;wGif CD
oD ; jcm; aqmh z f 0 J r sm;ud k xJodkY data xnfh&mrSm rjynfh
Windows Media Player
rpHjk zpfjyD; ysujf cif;eJY CD csyf
- Audio CD udk drive wGif
oHk;Munfhyg/
raumif;jcif;rsm; yg0ifyg
xnfhyg/
k ;kH ysuf
w,f/ CD csyf wpfcv
- Windows Media Player oD;jcm; aqmhz0f rJ sm;
udk zGifhyg/
if ; twG u f oD ; jcm; wm r[kwfbJ zdkif odkYr[kwf
- WMP mode udk tjynfh aqmhzf0Jrsm;udkvnf; prf;oyf tcsuftvufawG tpkvdkuf
jrif&&ef Ctrl+1 udk uvpf oHk;MunhfEdkifygw,f/ Oyrm ysufaewmrsKd;yg/ tJ'D ae&m
vkyfyg/
tm;jzifh dBpower AMP odkY a&muf&if CD drive u
- Copy from CD udk uvpf Music converter, CO- toHawGxGufjyD; twif;kef;
vkyyf g/ odYkr[kwf File me- WON jetAudio Basic, uef zwfae&wJh oabmrsKd;
nu rS Copy udk zGifhjyD; Musicmatch jukebox awG U &ygr,f / aemuf q H k ;
vufavQmv
h u
kd jf yD; error jyyg
Copy from Audio CD udk ponf jzpfygw,f/

*sD (G) urmMu;D xJrmS

Q
G-mail awmh
oHk;wwfygw,f/ 'gayr,fh
font ajymif ; &if b,f v d k
ajymif;&r,fqdkwm rodyg/
jrefrmvdk dkufcsif&if font
ajymif;wm rvkyfwwfvdkYyg/

164

jyD;awmh tifwmeufrmS acwf

pm;aewJh G-talk wdkY Skype
wd k Y vnf ; oH k ; wwf c sif y g
w,f/ 'ghaMumifh
- G-mail rSm font ajymif;
enf;

uGefysLwm*sme,f

- G-talk account jyKvkyf

enf;eJY toHk;jyKenf; tpHk
tvif
- Skype account jyKvkyf
enf;eJY zkef;ac:yHk? video
chatting ajymenf; odcsif
ygw,f/

w,f/ if;twGuf CD csyu

f kd
oefY&Sif;a&;vkyfMunhfyg/ r&
&if tjcm; uGefysLwmu CD
drive rSm ajymif;zwfMunhy
f g/
'genf;eJYvnf; r&&ifawmh
CD csyfu tawmfysufaeyHk
&ygw,f / CDCheck 3
aqmhzf0JeJY ppfaq;Munhfyg/
Copy CD protection

twGuf rMudK;pm;apcsifyg/
if;onf urmwpf0ef; EdkifiH
rsm;wGif ,aeYwdkif ajz&Sif;r&
EdkifwJh jyemwpf&yf jzpfae
ygw,f/ tJ'DtwGuf tm;
ray;csifyg/ 'gayr,fh enf;
vrf;rsK;d pHo
k ;kH jyD; aumfyD ul;ae
MuqJ jzpfygw,f/

G-mail rSm font

A
rajymif ; cif ud k , f o H k ; r,f h
font udk uGey
f sLwm&JU 0if;'d;k pf
pepfxJodkY t&ifqHk;xnfh&yg
r,f/ vuf&Sd toH;k jyKaeMuwJh
font rsm;wGif pmdkuf&mrSm
-Win---Innwa eJY0ufbq
f u
kd f
rsm;rSm ]aZmf*sD-0rf;} font udk

uGeyf sLwmtar;tajz
toHk;rsm;Muygw,f/ if;
Zawgyi (font) &dr
S o
S m ud,
k f
ajymif ; csif w J h jref r mpmud k
ajymif;,lEdkifygr,f/ tJ'DvdkyJ
MyMyanmar (font) eJ Y
oH;k csi&f if &,lo;kH Edik yf gw,f/
oHk;yHkoHk;enf;awmh uGmwwf
ygw,f/ if; fonts rsm;udk
tifwmeufrS tvG,fwul
download &,lEdkifygw,f/
Search wGif vdc
k sio
f nfh font
trnfudkdkufxnfhyg/ Oyrm
tm;jzifh 'myanmar zawgyi
font downlaod', 'myanmar
mymyanmar font downlaod' ponf jzpfygw,f/
G-talk udk oHk;zdkY&m Gmail &do
S rl o
S m oH;k Edik yf gr,f/

t&ifqHk; G-talk software

udk download csjyD; install
vkyf&ygr,f/ if;wGif Google ID &dSoltcsif;csif; chatting jyKvk y f E d k i f y gw,f /
w,fvzD ek ;f ajymouJo
h Ykd free
voice chat jyKvkyfvdkY &yg
w,f/ G-mail account &do
S l
jzpfvQif G-talk oH;k &ef toifh
jzpfaeygjyD/ Skype onf
VZO wdkY? QQ wdkYvdk voice
ajymvdkY &ygw,f/ oufqdkif
&m aqmhz0f u
J t
kd &ifq;kH down
load csjyD; install vkyfum
register ponf vdktyfwJh
jznfhpGufcsufrsm; jyKvkyfjyD;
oHk;Edkifygw,f/
if;wdkYeJY ywfoufjyD;

b,foYl tvSnv
hf J qd&k if
Q 1/ uRefawmfh uGef
ysLwmud k pzG i f h z G i f h c sif ; rS m
t&if u DDR DIMM
speed [m 400 &dc
S hJ ygw,f/
aemuf bmrSrvkyf&bJeJY 200
jzpfomG ;ygw,f/ Secondary
IDE channal no 80 conductor cable installed.
CMOS Check- sum errorDefaults loaded. Warning
CPU has been changed
or CPU ratio changed fail

qd k j yD ; pmwef ; jyygw,f /
jyD;&if uGefysLwmu a&SUquf
rwuf y g/ CMOS xJ u d k
0ifvu
kd w
f meJY jyemu &Si;f
oGm;jyefw,f/ 'DvdkeJY wpfcg
Graphic card ysuc
f yhJ gw,f/

Graphic card vJvdkufawmh

jyem aysmufoGm;w,f/
rMumcif r S m yJ speed 200
usoGm;jyefygw,f/ 'DvdkeJY
memory card vJvdkuf&wJh
txd jzpf o G m ;ygw,f / 'D
twdkif; quf oGm; ae &if
b,folYtvSnfhvJvdkY apmifh
Munhaf e&rvdk jzpfaeygw,f/
ajzMum;ay;ygcifAsm;/
2/ MP4 pufuav;eJY vkyf
xm;wJh rSwfwrf;wpfck[m
ta&;MuD;wJh rSwfwrf; wpfck
jzpfvmygw,f/ if;udk VCD
tjzpf odrf;xm;csifygw,f/
'gayr,fh uRefawmf oHk;wJh
Ulead, Showbiz eJY Premiere 6.5, Premiere Pro awG

?
*sDawmhudk jrefrmbmomjzifh
oHk;&atmif}} aqmif;yg;rsm;
udk jyefvnf zwfEdkifygw,f/

2006 ckESpf Mo*kwfvxkwf

uGefysLwm*sme,f pmrsufESm
88 rS 98 txdrSm ]]*sDar;udk
&,lzYkd&m? *saD wmhtoH;k jyKenf;?

Google Talk Vs Skype

u ASF zdkifudk video zdkif

tjzpf rowfrSwfbl;vdkY qdk
aeygw,f/ b,faqmhzf0JeJY
oHk;&rvJ/
3/ uRefawmhf tD;ar;vfxJudk
uReaf wmfv;kH 0rodwhJ Edik if jH cm;
uukrPDawG&JU ar;vfawG
rMumcP a&mufaeygw,f/
tD;ar;vfudk wpfvavmuf
rzGifhjzpfbl;qdk&if tD;ar;vf

awGu wpf&mausmfygw,f/
pmrydkYygeJYawmhvdkY b,fvdk
jyefajymajym r&bl; jzpfaeyg
w,f cifAsm;/
atmifuu
kd kd (ausmufqnf)
armif&ifh MuHKae
A
wJ h yxrar;cG e f ; twG u f
wkdufdkuf ajzEdkifpGrf; r&dSyg/
em;vnf uRr;f usiaf om tech

azazmf0g&?D 2008 165

uGeyf sLwmtar;tajz
ynm&SifxH ar;jyD; xyfrHajz
ay; ygh r,f / ,ck od &
oavmuf CMOS Checksum error onf
- CMOS bufx&D aumif;
pGm tvkyf rvkyfjcif;
- BIOS udrk vdt
k yfbJ tqifh
jr i f h x m;jcif ; od k Y r [k w f
Adkif;&yfpfaMumifh settings
rsm; vGJaejcif;
- uGefysLwmudk pepfwus
rydwfjcif;
vdYk qdyk gw,f/ aemuf Warn-

SVCD VCD Maker, M4A

to MP3 Converter, Bolisoft ASF Converter uJhodkY

aqmhzf0Jrsm;udk oHk;MunhfEdkif
ygw,f/
uRefawmfh tD;ar;vfqdk
vdkY b,fvdk tD;ar;vf trsKd;
tpm;udo
k ;kH w,fqw
kd m azmfjy
rxm;yg/ G-mail udk oH;k w,f
qdk &if Report spam cvkwf
udk uvpfvyk v
f u
kd yf g/ Spam
messages awGudk z,fxkwf
ay;ygvdrfhr,f/ wu,fvdkY
Microsoft Outlook 2003
udk oH;k w,fq&kd if filter cHo;kH

ing CPU has been changed or CPU ratio changed

fail twGuf BIOS settings
rsm;udk default configuration jzpfzYkd &m restore jyefvy
k f

zdkY vdkw,fvdkY od&ygw,f/

tJ'DvdkrS r&&if BIOS ysuf
w,fvdkY ,lq&ygvdrfhr,f/
wpf q uf w nf ; a&;&&if
motherboard vJ a umif ;
vJ&ygvdrhfr,f/ bmyJjzpfjzpf

uG e f y sLwmynm&S i f r sm;xH streaming multimedia file

wdkifyifMunfhygvdkY tMuHay; format udk qdkvdkjyD; Microvdkufyg&ap/
soft u xkwv
f yk w
f myg/ if;
ASF (Advanced udk ajymif;zdkY&m River Past
Streaming Format) onf Video Cleaner, Fly DVD

Munh f y g/ aemuf vH k j cH K rI
(security) eJY ywfoufjyD;
umuG,zf Ykd&m owfrw
S af y;Edik f
wmrsm; &dSygw,f/ Outlook
&JU Input box u Tools >
Options udk zGifhjyD; Junk Email od k Y r[k w f E-mail
Options rSm 0ifjyD; owfrSwf
ay;Edkifygw,f/

*drf;onf rnfonfh*drf;jzpf
onf u d k azmf j yrxm;yg/
aemufwpfcsufu *drf;pD'D
onf rl&if;pD'v
D m;? aumfycD syf
vm;qdkwm azmfjyrxm;vdkY
b,fvdkajz&r,frodyg/ od
xm;oavmufajz&&if yxr
tcsufu CD drive udk ppf
Munh f y g/ CD drive u
tjcm;pD'Dcsyfrsm;udk aumif;
aumif; zGifhEdkifw,fqdk&if

vdYkziG Ehf ikd af yr,fh r&wmu rsm;

ygw,f/ wu,fvYkd rl&if; pD'D
csyrf sm; jzpfae&if 0,fcw
hJ q
hJ ikd f
udkom jyefar;ygvdkY ajzvdkuf
&ygw,f/

rl&if; pD'D oH;k MuzdYk

Q uRefawmf *drf;pD'D
ESpcf sy0f ,fcyhJ gw,f/ tJ'g zGihf
jyD; run wJhtcg error message wpfck ay:ygw,f/ if;
onf 'Cannot verify CD.
Load correct CD,pressOK
and restart application.'

jzpfygw,f/ rnfodkY jzpf&

onfudk &Sif;jyay;ygcifAsm;/
A

166

armif&if upm;r,fh

uGefysLwm*sme,f

'kw,
d tcsuftaeeJY if; *dr;f
pD'Drsm;onf copy-protected disc rsm; jzpfygvdrhfr,f/
if;wdkYonf tcsKdUaom CD
drive rsm;rSm taMumif;oifh

uGeyf sLwmtar;tajz
Beta version udk roH;k oifyh g

Q uRefawmfh uGefysL
wmrSm Office 2003 udk jzKwf
jyD; Office 2007 beta version udk wifjyD; oHk;ygw,f/
rMumcifyJ Outlook xJoYkd emails rsm; r0ifawmhyg/ 0if
vmwJh e-mail awGuvnf;
bmrS rygwJh pm&GufvGwfvdk
jzpfaeygw,f/ aemuf 're-

qdjk yD;ay:ygw,f/ oli,fcsif;

wpfa,mufuawmh tJ'D Office 2007 beta version

aMumifhvdkY ajymygw,f/ tJ'g

rSefygovm; cifAsm;/

rSefygw,f/ Beta version qdkwmtrSm;rsm;?

tqif rajyrIrsm;udk &SmazG
port rendering problems' azmfxkwfay;zdkY&m aqmhzf0J
A

tJ'v
D akd wmh rvkyo
f ifyh g
uRefawmf MuHMuH
Q
zefzef ar;wmr[kwfyg/ uD;
bk w f a y:u Ctrl eJ Y Alt
cvk w f M um;u Windows
key udk oHk;r&atmif vkyf
xm;csifygw,f/ jzpfEdkif&if
ajzay;ygcifAsm;/
rdkufudkaqmhzfu 0if;
'd;k pf pepfukd oH;k &vG,af tmif?
jrefatmif Mum;jzwf cvkwf
awG? shortcut awG zefwD;
ay;xm;wmud k bmjzpf v d k Y
armif&ifwdkYu ydwfcsif? zsuf
csi&f w,f rodyg/ tJ'v
D kd jyif
wmawG u tcef Y r oif h & if
udk,fjyef 'kua&mufwwfyg
w,f/
A bmyJjzpfjzpf vkyf
vdkY &w,fqdkwmudk ajzay;
vdkufygw,f/ xHk;pHtwdkif;
Registry editor udk 0ifvdkuf
yg/ if;wGif HKEY_LO

CAL_MACHINE\SYSTEM\CurrentControl Set\
Control\Keyboard Lay
out a&mufatmif tqifh
qifhzGifhyg/ Keyboard Lay
out udk uvpfvkyfjyD; wpf
zuf box xJrSm zdkifwpfzdkifudk

wnf a qmuf v d k u f y g/ zd k i f
trnf(Value Name) 'Scancode Map' (Value Data)
00 00 00 00 00 00 00 00 03
00 00 00 00 00 5B E0 00
00 5C E0 00 00 00 00 jzpfyg

w,f/ *Pef;rsm;onf ESpf

uk r P D r sm;u Mud K wif j yD ;

xkwfay;wJh CD/DVD csyf
odkYr[kwf aqmhzf0J jzpfyg
w,f/ txl;ojzifh tdrfoHk;zdkY
r[kwb
f J aqmhz0f J prf;oyfwhJ
tzGJUtpnf;rsm;? azmufonf
ukrPDrsm;udkom xkwfay;
wmyg/ tJ'DxJrSm bug awG
trsm;MuD; &dSaeygw,f/
aemuf report rendering qd k w muvnf ; if ;
aqmhzf0Judk oHk;&if; awGU&dSwJh
jyemawG? tcsuftvuf

awGudk oufqdkif&m aqmhzf0J

ukrPDrsm;odkY report vkyf
ay;zdkY ajymwmyg/ armif&ifh
taeeJY Office 2007 udk oHk;
&if rdkufudkaqmhzfukrPDudk
report vk y f a y;&ygr,f /
bmyJjzpfjzpf rnfonfh aqmhzf
0Jrsm;rqdk beta version udk
roHk;oifhygvdkY ajzvdkuf&yg
w,f/

vHk; wpfwGJjzpfjyD; rSm;vdkY r&

yg/ xdkodkY zdkiftopf wnf
aqmufzdkY&m box xJu ae&m
vGwf wpfae&mudk armufpf
nmuvpf EdSyfjyD; ay:vmwJh
menu rS New > ....... Value
udk uvpfvyk &f ef jzpfygw,f/
jyD;&if registry editor
(box) u jyefxGufjyD; uGefysL
wmudk restart vkyfvdkufyg/
Windows key udk oHk; r&

awmhyg/ aemufwpfenf;u
'http://johnhaller.com/jh/
useful_stuff/disable_
f u
kd f
windows_key/' 0ufbq

udk zGifhyg/ if;wGif

Disable left Windows
key:disable_left_win
dows_ key.reg
Disable right Windows
key:disable_right_win
dows_ key.reg
Disable both Windows
keys: disable_both_win
dows _keys.reg
UNINSTALL: Restore
Windows
keys: remove_scancode_
mappings.reg
(Removes all scancode
mappings)
qdjk yD; link awG jyxm;ygr,f/
if; link rsm;rS vkyfcsifwJh

taMumif;t&mudk a&G;cs,f
uvpfvkyfvdkuf&if yHkrSm jy
xm;wJhtwdkif; registry file

azazmf0g&?D 2008 167

uGeyf sLwmtar;tajz
vdkufyg/ jyefajymif;csif&if
if;zdkifudk delete vkyfvdkuf
yg/
0if;'dk;pfpepfrSm tJ'Dvdk
rsKd; tajymif;tvJawG vkyf
csifw,fqdk&if Win-Guides
Tweak Manager aqmhz0
f u
J kd
oHk;MunhfEdkifygw,f/ 'gay
r,f0h if;'d;k pfpepfu taumif;
tavsmuf
0if
j
yD
;
jyif
j
yD
;
om;
qHk;jzpfatmif aqmif&Gufay;
udk download csay;ygvdrfh
r,f/ tqdkyg zdkifudk uvpf jzpfwmudk awGU&ygr,f/ uGef xm;wJh keys rsm;udk tajymif;
f ifyh g/ Registry
vkyf&if registry rSm tvdk ysLwmudk restart jyefvkyf tvJ rvkyo

Download r&wm awG;p&myg

Q
tifwmeufwGif &uf r sm;u yH k r S e f t wd k i f ;
0ufbfqdkufwpfckudk down- tvkyfvkyfygw,f/ bmrsm;
load cswm r&yg/ 'Internet trSm; vkyfrdw,frodyg/
Explorer cannot download' qdjk yD; jyygw,f/ wpfcg
wpf&H 'Internet Explorer
was not able to open this
site' vdkY jyygw,f/ rMumcif

rSm jyif&wm tcefYroifh&if

pepfwpfckvHk; ysufoGm;Edkifyg
w,f/ uRefawmfudk,fwdkif
vnf; tJ'DvdkrsKd; ar;cGef;rsm;
udk ajzzdkY&m registry editor
rSm vufawGU 0ifjyifzl;yg
w,f/ jyefvkyfvdkY r&awmhvdkY
0if;'dk;pf jyefwif&onftxd
'kuay;zl;ygw,f/

settings awGudk rSm;ajymif;rd

ovm;/ Internet Explorer
(IE) udk zGifhjyD; Tools > Internet Options udk uvpf
vkyfyg/ Security (tab) odkY
ajymif;yg/ if;wGif Security
level for this zone &JU Default Level... cvk w f u d k
uvpfvyk yf g/ Apply eJY OK

if ; twG u f
A
tcsuf ESpfcsuf awG;p&m &dS
ygw,f/ wpfa,mufa,muf
ursm; Internet (options) cvkwfrsm;udk EdSyfvdkufyg/ aemuf w pf c g Custom
Level... cvk w f u d k zG i f h j yD ;
tJ'DxJu Downloads settings rSm File download udk
Disable vkyfxm;rdovm;
qdkwm ppfMunhfyg/ aemuf
tjcm;aom Internet settings rsm;udkvnf; em;vnf
uRrf;usifoleJY ppfaq;Munfh
yg/
'grS tqifrajy&ifawmh
spyware odkYr[kwf virus
aMumifhvdkY ajym&ygvdrfhr,f/
Spybot Search & Destory

vdk aqmhzf0JrsKd;eJY ppfMunfhap

vdkygw,f/

168

uGefysLwm*sme,f

uGeyf sLwmtar;tajz
Run-time error qdo
k nfrmS

tvkyrf vkyEf ikd af wmhonft

h cg
error jyvdu
k jf cif; jzpfygw,f/
wpf e nf ; tm;jzif h tqk d y g
ydk*&rfwGif tqifrajyaom
code rsm;ESifh rSm;,Gif;pGm a&;
om;xm;onf h code rsm;
aMumifhjzpf ydk*&rfudk run
onf h t cg rS m ;,G i f ; aom
A Run-time error &v'frsm;udk jzpfay:apum
onf aqmhzf0J (ydk*&rf) wpf error jyw,fvdkYvnf; qdkyg
ckcu
k kd zGiahf epOf odYkr[kwf if; w,f/
tvkyf vkyfpOftwGif; error
ay:jcif;udk qdv
k ykd gw,f/ if;
onf ydk*&rftwGif; bugs
rsm; odkYr[kwf jyemrsm;
&daS ejcif;jzpf rSw
f Pf (memory) uvnf; qufvuf
Q uRefawmhf uGefysL
wmrSm run-time error qdkjyD;
rMumcP ay:ygw,f/ 'gay
r,fh uGeyf sLwmudk qufvuf
oHk;aeqJyg/ if;onf wpf
csd e f c sd e f r S m uG e f y sLwmud k
'kuay;Edkifygovm;/

od k Y &mwG i f run-time
ay:&jcif;wGif tjcm;aom
taMumif ; rsm;vnf ; &d S a e
wwfygw,f/ Oyrmtm;jzifh
uGefysLwmwGif wyfqifxm;
onfh ypnf;udk zGifhrxm;jcif;
odkYr[kwf qufoG,f csdwf
qufrI jywfaejcif;aMumifh ydk
*&rfrS tqdkyg ypnf;odkY nTef
Mum;csufrsm;onf tvkyf
rvkyfEdkifjcif; jzpfum runtime error jywwffygw,f/
Java ESifh JavaScript uJhodkY

bmomrsm;twGif; wpfckeJY
wpfck qufoG,f&mrSm compile aumif;pGm rvkyfEdkifvdkY
run-time error ay:ygw,f/
xdkokdY run-time error
ay:jcif;onf uGefysLwmpepf
udk ododomom 'kuay;wm
r[kwb
f ;l vdYk qdyk gw,f/ if;
aqmhz0f o
J m tvkyrf vkyaf wmh
bJ &yfoGm;jcif;jzpfjyD; vdktyf
ygu aqmh z f 0 J pD ' D c syf u d k
ajymif;jyD; jyefwifMunhfEdkifyg
w,f/ em;vnf&ifawmh registry udk ppfaq;Edi
k yf gw,f/
bmyJjzpfjzpf rMumcP ay:
ae&if if; error aMumifh uGef
ysLwm aES;oGm;jcif;eJY .dll
zdkiftcsKdU ysufpD;EdkifvdkY owd
xm;oifhygw,f/

urS format csxm;jcif; odkY

r[kwf [mh'f'pfrSm ysufpD;
p&m r&dSbl;vdkY xifxm;&if
Quick format udk oHk;Edkifyg
w,f/
wu,fvdkY Quick format eJY format csum Windows XP udk install vkyjf yD;rS

[mh'f'pfudk scan ppfcsif&if

odyaf wmh ruGmyg

Q

Windows XP udk

install vkyfzdkY&m [mh'f'pfudk

format csygw,f/ tJ'DrSm
Format the partition by
using the NTFS file system (Quick)
Format the partition by
using the FAT file system
(Quick)
Format the partition by
using the NTFS file
system
Format the partition by
using the FAT file system

(Quick) format eJY yHr

k eS f system format cswm b,fvdk

uGmjcm;ygovJ/

A
yHkrSef format udk
a&G;cs,fcJh&if [mh'f'pfu zdkif
tm;vHk;udk z,fxkwfay;wJh
tjyif tJ'D[mh'f'pfrSm bad
sectors &dS? r&dSudk scan vkyf
ppfaq;ay;ygw,f/
Quick format (option) udk
a&G;&if [mh''f pfu zdik t
f m;vH;k
udk z,fxkwfay;jcif; jzpfay
r,fh bad sectors rsm; ppf
qdkjyD; jyygw,f/ uRefawmf aq;zd k Y twG u f scan vk y f
od c sif w mu
system ray;yg/ if;onf rMumcif

chkdsk/r (command)

eJYvnf; ppfEikd yf gw,f/ tjcm;

aom hard disk udk ppfaq;
ay;wJh oD;jcm;aqmhzf0Jrsm;udk
vnf; oHk;Edkifygw,f/

azazmf0g&?D 2008 169

uGefysLwmoifcef;pm

Java Developer Guide

Chapter (6)
6.1 JAVA AWT COMPONENTS (CONTAINERA CLASS)
uReaf wmf a&;om;cJw
h hJ JAVA Developer Guide VOLI tjyD;rSm JAVA &JU Advanced Features awGudk qufvuf
ydkYcs&mrSm AWT Components tykdif;awGudk csefvSyfxm;cJhvdkY
r&ygbl;/ JAVA &JU Swing package udk toHk;jyKjyD;awmhrS
GUI interface awGudk wnfaqmufvkdY &EkdifovdkyJ JAVA &JU
AWT Package udk toHk;jyKjyD;awmhrSvnf; GUI interface
awGudk zefwD; wnfaqmufvdkY &Ekdifygw,f/ 'Dawmh AWT
package eJY ywfoufwmawGudk aoaocsmcsm avhvmMu&
atmifvm;/ trSew
f u,fuawmh jyD;cJw
h hJ ta&SUoifcef;pmawG
u avhvmcJhzl;wJh oifcef;pm ta[mif;awGudk AWT package udk toH;k jyKjyD;awmhrS jyefa&;jyrSmyJ jzpfygw,f/ 'Dae&mrSm
uGmjcm;csufuawmh JAVA Swing Package udk vHk;0ac:,l
toHk;rjyKawmhbJeJY GUI interface awGudk zefwD;jyrSmyJ
jzpfygw,f/

trSew
f u,fuawmh Ekid if w
H umrSmyg AWT packtoHk;jyKjyD;awmh JAVA GUI interface awGudk a&;
om; zefwD;aeMuqJyg/ 'gayr,fh aemufxyf JAVA &JU SDK
version topfawGrSma&m vuf&Sd programmer awmfawmf
rsm;rsm;uyg JAVA &JU Swing package udkyJ trsm;qHk;
trSDjyKoHk;pGJaeMuwJhtwGuf AWT package eJY ywfoufwm
awGudk oifMum; ydkYcsay;&jcif;yJ jzpfygw,f/
Note :
age udk

Java SDK 1.2 aemufydkif; xGufvmwJh JAVA Tutorial

CD tygt0if E.book awmfawmfrsm;rsm;rSmyg AWT components tydi
k ;f awGurkd awGU&awmhygbl;/ 'gaMumifh uReaf wmf
ydkYcspOfrSm aoaocsmcsm avhvmapcsifygw,f/ JAVA &JU

170

uGefysLwm*sme,f

container class vdkYvnf; ac:a0:MuwJh AWT components awGudk pwif avhvmMu&atmifvm;/

AWT Components (Container Classes)
AWT Components can be used to construct
graphical user interface (GUI) for JAVA programming Language.
Most common user interface such as menus, buttons, lists, drop down lists, frames and dialogs
are already available-provided by the java.awt
package.
These user- interface components fit in with the
platform on which the application/applet is
excuted.
JAVA &JU awt components awGudk ac:,l toHk;jyKcsif
w,fq&dk if pmzwfot
l aeeJY program &JU tay:rSm atmufyg
twkdif; package file udk Declare & Import vkyf&rSmygyJ/
import java.awt.*;

uJ 'gqk&d ifawmh java &JU awt component awGukd ac:,l

toHk;jyKvdkY &EkdifjyDayghaemf/ tJ aemufjyD;awmh &Sdygao;w,f/
AWT componetns awGudk container class qdkjyD;awmh
ac:,lwm bmaMumifv
h q
J w
dk mudk &Si;f jyay;yghr,f/ GUI components awGukd wpkwpnf;wnf;eJY ac:,ltoH;k csvdYk &Eki
d w
f hJ
twGuf container classes &,fvkdY ac:a0:MuwmygyJ/ 'g
uawmh tvG,f&Sif;jywmaemf/
uJ 'Dawmh container classes &JU oabmw&m;udk
tajccHusus od&o
dS mG ;atmif olY&UJ Guide Book xJutwkid ;f
a&;jyay;xm;ygw,f/ avhvmMunhfyg/

uGefysLwmoifcef;pm
Container Classes
A container class is a sub-class of component
that provides a rectangular display area on the
screen.
GUI components and other containers can be
placed inside a container object.
A container class contains the following class.
uJ container class &JUqufE,
T af eyHu
k kd atmufrmS azmfjy
xm;wJh Figure udk avhvmjyD;awmh rSwfxm;vkdufygOD;/
Component
Container
Panel

Scrollpane

Window
Dialog

we)
17. { System. exit (0);}
18. }

Analysis
1/ 'D program rSmuawmh chapter (3) u Listing 3.1 rSm
ueJY tawmfav;udk uGmjcm;ygw,f/ pmzwfol tJ'D Listing 3.1 eJY EIdif;,SOf avhvmMunhfyg/ ac:jyD;awmh toHk;
cs&wJh method awGuvnf; rwlMuygbl;/ uJ avhvm

MunhfMu&atmif/
vkdif;eHygwf (1)eJY(2) rSmawmh atmufygtwkdif; package file awGudk Import & Declare vkyfygw,f/

Frame

FileDialog
Figure Layout of the AWT Container Classes

uJ AWT package eJY ywfoufwhJ tcsuftvufawGukd

tajccHtm;jzifh em;vnfoabmaygufoGm;jyDqkd&if atmufrSm
a&;jyxm;wJh Listing 6.1 udk avhvmMunhyf gOD;/ trSeu
f awmh
'D program chapter (3) u yg0ifwJh Listing 3.1 udk awt
package udk toHk;jyKjyD;awmh a&;jyxm;wmygyJ/ 'D program rSmuawmh Swing Package udk toHk;rjyKawmhbJeJY
awt package udk toHk;jyKjyD;awmh a&;om;jyxm;wmygyJ/
avhvmMunhfyg/
Listing 6.1 Using the JAVA AWT Package
1.
2.
3.
4.
5.

15. Class WinClosing extends WindowAdapter

{
16. Public Void WindowClosing (WindowEvent

import java.awt.*;
import java.awt.event.*;
public class AWTFrame extends Frame {
AWTFrame ( ) {
addWindowListener (new WinClosing ( )
);
6 . SetTitle (''Simple Frame Using AWT
package")
7 . SetResizable (false);
8 . SetBounds (200, 200, 300, 300);
9 . SetVisible (true);
10. }
11. Public Static Void main (String args [
] )
12. { AWTFrame at = new AWTFrame ( );}
13. }
14. // The WinClosing class terminates the
program when the window is closed

import java.awt.*;
import java.awt.event.*;

'g[m awt components awGukd ac:,l toH;k csrSmjzpfwhJ

twGuf ac:,lxm;wmyJ jzpfygw,f/ vkdif;eHygwf (3)
rSmawmh primary class AWTFrame udk zefw;D a&;om;
ygw,f/ Primary class udk zefwD;&mrSm awt package
xJrSm yg0ifwJh Frame Class udk extends vkyfxm;yg
w,f/ 'gaMumifh
public Class AWTFrame extends Frame{

vdkY a&;om;xm;wmudk tvG,fwul em;vnfoabm

aygufrSmyg/ tJ'Daemuf vkdif;eHygwf(4)rSmrS primary
class &JU constructor function AWTFrame ( ) udk
a&;om;ygw,f/ uJ 'Dawmh constructor function udk
avhvmMu&atmif/
2/ Constructor Function xJrSmawmh addWindowListener ( ) method udk ac:,l toHk;csxm;ygw,f/ tJ'D
method &JU parameter arguments ae&mrSm WinClosing ( ) method udk xnhfoGif;xm;ygw,f/ 'D
method udk tck vuf&Sd program &JU vkdif;eHygwf(15)
uae (18)txd a&;om;xm;wmudk awGUjrif&rSmyg/ jyD;rS
'D method udk &Sif;wmayghaemf/ qufavhvmvkdufygOD;/
vkdif;eHygwf (6)rSmawmh zefwD;xm;wJh Frame &JU Title
ay:rSm yg0if&r,fh pmom;udk SetTitle ( ) method udk
toHk;jyKjyD;awmh a&;om;xm;ygw,f/ 'gaMumifh

azazmf0g&D? 2008 171

uGefysLwmoifcef;pm
SetTitle

("Simple

Frame

Using

AWT

SetSizable (false);

Package");

vkdY a&;om;xm;wmudk awGUjrif&rSmyg/ 'g[m Title Bar

rSm yg0if&r,fh pmom;yg/ SetTitle ( )method uawmh
t&if Swing package udk toHk;jyKxm;wJh Listing 3.1
rSmawmh oifMum;ay;jyD;om;yg/ vkdif;eHygwf (8)rSmawmh
SetBounds ( ) method udk toHk;jyKjyD;awmh a&;om;
xm;wmudk awGUjrif&rSmyg/ SetBounds ( ) method
[m Frame_Windows udk ay:&r,fh x,y coordinate
system eJY Frame &JU Width and Height wdkYudk owf
rSwfay;xm;wmygyJ/ SetBounds ( ) method eJY ywf
oufjyD;awmh atmufrmS a&;jyxm;ygw,f/ avhvmMunhf
yg/ Arguments (4) ck yg0iffygw,f/
300);
>

300,
>

200,
>

(200,
>

setBounds

x coordinate
y coordinate
Frame_width
Frame_Height

'D method rSm rdrd zefw;D xm;wJh Frame udk b,fae&mrSm

ay:apcsifw,fqkdwmudk owfrSwf xnhfoGif;ay;&rSmyg/
uJ wu,fvdkY x,y udk uRefawmfu 200 pD owfrSwfay;
xm;wmaemf/ tJ'aD e&mrSm 0, 0 vdYk xm;vku
d rf ,fq&dk ifa&m/
'gqdk&if ay:&r,fh Frame [m Swing package ac:,l
oH;k pGpJ Ofuvkyd gyJ/ Desktop Screen &JU b,fbuf tay:
qHk;axmifhrSm vmjyD;ay:rSmayghaemf/ 'gqkd&if pmzwfol
ay:apcsifwJh x,y coordinate system ay:rSm owfrSwf
xm;wJh values awGudk xnhfoGif;ay;vdkufHkygyJ/ [kwfjyD
aemf/ 3rd argument uawmh Frame &JU Width yg/ 4 th
argument uawmh Frame &JU Height ygyJ/ 'Dawmh
vdkcsifwJht&G,ftpm;udk zefwD;vdkY&Ekdifwmayghaemf/
Javax.swing.*; package udk ac:,l toHk;jyKr,fqkd&if
SetSize ( ) method udk ac:,l toHk;jyK&wmudk rSwfrd
rSmyg/
uJ awt package eJY swing package file wdkY&JU uGm
jcm;csuaf wGukd pmzwfol em;vnfavmufygjyD/ 'D Frame
&JU t&G,ftpm;udk user bufuae csKHU? csJUvkyfvdkY r&
atmifuawmh vkdif;eHygwf (7)rSm SetResizable ( )
Method udk ac:,l toHk;jyKcJhygw,f/ Parameter u
awmh false taeeJYygyJ/ 'gaMumifh

172

uGefysLwm*sme,f

'gaMumifh pmzwfol program udk Running & Used

vkyfaecsdefrSm Frame udk csKHU^csJU vkyfvdkY r&Ekdifygbl;/
pmzwfol prf;Munhfygvm;/ tJ'Daemuf vdkif;eHygwf (9)
rSmuawmh SetVisible ( ) method ukd ac:,ltoH;k jyKxm;
ygw,f/ 'D method uawmh jyD;cJhwJh oifcef;pmawGrSm
toH;k csjyD;om;jzpfwt
hJ wGuf tcuftcJ r&SEd idk af wmhygbl;/
vkdif;eHygwf (10) rSmawmh constructor function ( ) &JU
close brace } udk vmydwfxm;ygw,f/
3/ vkid ;f eHygwf (11) rSmawmh main ( ) function udk a&;om;
xm;ygw,f/ Main( ) function xJrSmawmh tay:u
zefwD;cJhwJh Primary Class AWTFrame udk Object_
Name of vdkY trnfay;jyD;awmhrS ac:,lvdkufygw,f/
'DtcgrSm Class_Name eJY trnfwlwJh constructor_
function [m tvkdvkd 0ifvmjyDayghaemf/ 'Dawmh constructor_function xJrSm yg0ifwJh vkyfapcsifwJhtcsuf
awGu 0ifa&mufjyD;awmhrS tvkyf vkyfukefjyDayghaemf/ 'D
Code_Line udk vkdif;eHygwf (12)rSm atmufygtwkdif;
a&;om;ay;xm;ygw,f/ avhvmMunhfyg/
AWTFrame af = new AWTFrame( );

uJ vdkif;eHygwf (13) uawmh primary class AWTFrame &JU close brace } ygyJ/ [kwjf yDaemf/ tck uReaf wmf
wdkY avhvmzdkY usefaewmuawmh constructor function
( ) xJrSm xnfhoGif;jyD;awmhrS toHk;jyKcJhwJh vkdif;eHygwf
(5)u add-WindowListener( ) method &JU parameter
argument ae&mrSm xnhfoGif; a&;om;xm;wJh WinClosing ( ) method eJY ywfoufwmudkygyJ/ 'Dmethod
udak wmh vkid ;f eHygwf(15)uae (18) txd a&;om;xm;wJh
WinClosing Class twGif;rSm xnhfoGif; a&;om;xm;
wmygyJ/ 'D Class [m oD;jcm; class wpfckygyJ/ 'D
Class xJu method udk avhvmMunhfr,fqkd&if Event
HandLing tykdif;awGudkyg xnhfoGif; toHk;jyKxm;wm
yg/ 'gaMumifh oufqidk &f m Event HandLing tykid ;f usrS
aoaocsmcsm a&;om;ydkYcsay;yghr,f/ WinClosing ( )
vkyfEkdifatmiftwGuf t"duzefwD;ay;wJh Code_Line
uawmh vdkif;eHygwf (17)rSm a&;om;xm;wJhSystem.exit(0);

uGefysLwmoifcef;pm
qdkwJh code_line ygyJ/ 'D code_line eJY ywfoufjyD;
awmh Chapter (4), Listing 4.1 The Full Text of
ToolBar.java udk &Si;f vif;jyD; Analysis vkyp
f Ofu &Si;f jy
ay;cJhzl;ygw,f/ 'D method [m Swing Components
awGudk ac:,ltoHk;jyKpOfu xnfhoGif; toHk;jyKwJh SetDefaultCloseOperation (JFrame.EXIT_ON_
CLOSE); qkdwJh code_line eJYtwlwlygyJ/ tJ'D code_
line u Swing package &JU Jcomponents awGukd toH;k
csr,fq&dk if xnho
f iG ;f &wJh code_line ygyJ/ tck&iS ;f jyae
wJh method uawmh AWT components awGudk ac:,l
toHk;cs&if toHk;jyK&wJh method ygyJ/ [kwfjyDaemf/
'Dawmh 'D program rSm pmzwfol em;vnf oabmayguf
jcif; r&SdwJh code_line r&Sdawmhbl;aemf/ Event HandLing eJY ywfoufwJh taMumif;t&mawGuawmh oD;oefY

jynfhjynfhpHkpHk &Sif;jyrSmjzpfwJhtwGuf csefvSyfxm;cJhwmyg/

uJ 'Dawmh pmzwfoltaeeJY 'D code_line awGudk
Start All Programs Accessories Note Pad xJukd
oGm;jyD;awmh du
k o
f iG ;f vdu
k yf gOD;/ wu,fvYkd pmzwfot
l aeeJY
rdkufoGif;csif&ifawmh uRefawmfh&JUpmtkyfeJY twlygvmwJh
code_file CD xJuae chapter [ ] oifcef;pm folder
atmufuae ul;,lvdkufygvm;/ jyD;&ifawmh tJ'D dkufoGif;
xm;wJh code_ file udk C:\j2sdk 1.4.1_01\bin qkdwJh folder
atmufrSm oGm;jyD;awmh save vkyfvkdufyg/ ul;,lxm;wJh file
qkd&ifvnf; tJ'D directory atmufrSm ae&mcs paste vkyf&
rSmygyJ/ [kwfjyDaemf/
ay;&r,fh File_Name uawmh AWTFrame.java vdkY
trnfay;jyD;awmhrS save vkyf&rSmyg/ Code_File CD xJrSm
awmh AWTFrame.java qkdwJhemrnfeJY yg0ifjyD;om;yg/ uJ
'Dawmh code a&;om;jyD;awmh save vkyfxm;yHkudk pmzwfol
taeeJY avhvmvdYk&Ekid af tmif Figure 6.1 taeeJY a&;om;azmfjy
ay;xm;ygw,f/ avhvmMunhfyg/

Figure 6.1 Write the program code_line in the

Notepad, AWTFrame.java

uJ tckazmfjycJhwmuawmh AWTFrame.java qkdwJh

source code_file udk Notepad xJrSm a&;om;xm;wJhyHkyJ
jzpfygw,f/ tckazmfjyxm;wJhtwkdif; code_file udk a&;om;
jyD;oGm;jyDq&dk ifawmh 'D code_file udk Compile & Run vky&f
rSmyg/ t&ifqHk; Start All Programs Accessories
Command Prompt udk 1-Click acgufjyD;awmh zGifhvdkufyg/
Command Prompt (or) Command Line Interface
yGiv
hf mjyDq&dk ifawmh atmufyg command eJY DIR ajymif;vku
d f

yg/
CD C:\j2sdk1.4.1_01\bin

'DtcgrSmawmh Command Prompt xJrSm ay:aewJh

Prompt oauFw[m C2\j2sdk1.4.1_01\bin> qkw
d hJ Prompt
oauFwtjzpf ajymif;vJoGm;ygjyD/ 'Dawmh atmufyg
command_line udk toH;k jyKjyD;awmh AWTFrame.java program code_flie udk compile vkyfvkdufyg/
javac AWTFrame.java

uJ compile vkyv
f u
dk v
f Ykd Error &S&d ifvnf; &Si;f ayghaemf/
Line_No eJYwuG jyay;rSmyg/ wu,fvdkY Error r&Sdbl;
qkd&ifawmh atmufyg command eJY wpfcgjyefjyD;awmh Run
vkyfvdkufyg/
java AWTFrame

'gqkd&ifawmh AWTFrame.java qkdwJh program [m

pmzwfol&JU computer screen &JU tv,fruswusavmuf
ayghaemf/ twdtusajym&&ifawmh x ,y coordinate system
&JU owfrSwfae&mjzpfwJh X = 200, Y = 200 qkdwJhae&mrSm
Output jzpfwJh Frame_Window [m vmjyD;awmhrS azmfjy
ay;aerSmygyJ/ uJ t&ifqHk; AWTFrame.java program udk
Compile & Run vkyx
f m;yHu
k kd Figure 6.2 rSm a&;om;azmfjy
ay;xm;ygw,f/ avhvmMunhfyg/

Figure 6.2 Compile & Run of the AWTFrame.java

azazmf0g&D? 2008 173

uGefysLwmoifcef;pm
tckazmfjyxm;wmuawmh uRefawmfa&;jyxm;wJh command awGudk toHk;jyKjyD;awmh Compile & Run vkyfxm;
wmygyJ/ uJ atmufrSm azmfjyxm;wJh Figure 6.3 uawmh
AWTFrame.java qkdwJh program udk Run vkyfaewJh tajc
taeygyJ/ avhvmMunhfyg/

Frame constructor ( ) method - public Frame ( ) (or)

public Frame (String title) are used. These methods
are overloading method.
uJ Frame Class wpfenf;ajym&&if java.awt.*; package atmufrSmyg0ifwJh Frame Class taMumif;udk &Sif;vif;
ydkYcsay;jyD;jyDqkdawmh Listing 6.1 rSm toHk;csoGm;wJh methods awG wpfenf;tm;jzifh API methods awGudk atmufrSm
a&;jyay;xm;ygw,f/ Javax.Swing.*; udk import &
Declare vkyf&if &vmr,fh Swing Components qkdif&m
methods awGeJY uGJjym;jcm;em;w,fqkdwmudk odapcsifw,f

vdkYygyJ/ avhvmMunhfyg/
public String setTitle (String title);
example :
SetTitle ("Sample Frame Using AWT Components");
Double quote Mum;rSm yg0ifvmwJh pmom; String [m
Frame &JU Title Bar rSm yg0ifvmrSmyg/

'gqkd&ifawmh AWT Components awGudk toHk;jyKjyD;

awmh (wpfenf;ajym&&if java.awt.*; package udk toHk;jyK
jyD;awmh) Sample taeeJY a&;jyxm;wJh AWTFrame.java
qkdwJh program udk pmzwfoltaeeJY tvG,fwul em;vnf
oabmaygufomG ;rSmyg/ qufvufjyD; java.awt.*; package
atmufrmS yg0ifaewJh AWTComponents awGukd qufvuf
jyD;awmh avhvmMu&atmifvm;/
t&ifqHk; qufvuf &Sif;jyvdkwmuawmh toHk;jyKcJhwJh
Frame_Class eJY ywfoufjyD;awmhrSygyJ/ Swing package
javax.swing.*; udk ac:,ltoH;k jyKpOfuawmh JFrame Class
ygyJ/ [kwfw,faemf/ AWT Comporant tykdif;rSmawmh
Frame Class vdkYyJ ac:a0:ygw,f/ 'Dawmh Frame Class eJY
ywfoufwmudk avhvmMunhfvdkufygOD;/

>

Figure 6.3 Run the AWTFrame.java

public Void SetResizable (boolean resizable)

example :
setResizable (false);
boolean type aMumifh ture (or) false argument wpfcck k
uko
d m vufcjH y;D awmhrS qH;k jzwfay;rSmyg/ True udk argument
xm;cJ&h ifawmh windows_frame &JU t&G,t
f pm;udk csK^UH csUJ jyKvyk f
vdYk &ygw,f/ Argument udk false xm;cJ&h ifawmh frame &JU
t&G,t
f pm;udk csK^UH csUJ jyKvyk v
f Ykd r&Ekid af wmhygb;l / Title Bar rSm
yg0ifvmwJh oauFw Maximize button uukd fail jzpfjy;D awmh

rS yg0ifvmwmyg/
public void SetBounds (int x, int y, int width, int height)

x, y coordinate system

trSwfrsm;
Frame

\ width
Frame \ height

Frame Class, java.awt.*; package

A Frame is a window with window-manager type
features such as title, border and menu bar.
Frames provide the basic building block for screenoriented applications.

174

uGefysLwm*sme,f

'D method udkawmh program udk Analysis vkyfpOf

uwnf;u aoaocsmcsm &Sif;jycJhjyD;om;yg/ rdrday:apcsifwJh
ae&mrSm x,y values awGudk xnfhoGif;vdkuf&if coordinate
system &JU owfrSwfae&mrSm vmay:rSmyg/

uGefysLwmoifcef;pm
3rd & 4 th argument jzpfwJh Width, Height uawmh
Frame &JU t&G,t
f pm;udk rdrpd w
d Mf udKuf owfrw
S Ef idk zf YkdtwGuf

ygyJ/ [kwfjyDaemf/
Public Void SetVisible (boolean visible)
'D method uawmh Visual Basic Language udk toHk;
jyKaeMuwJh programmer awGtaeeJY xnho
f iG ;f jyD;awmh toH;k
cszl;rSmyg/ wu,fawmh Frame udk Output display taeeJY
azmfjyay;EkdifzdkYtwGuf SetVisible ( ) method udk xnhfoGif;

toHk;jyK&wmygyJ/ OyrmtaeeJY a&;jy&r,fqkd&if

setVisible (true);

qdkjyD; a&;&rSmyg/ [kwfjyDaemf/

'g[m Frame udk display vkyfay;EkdifzdkYtwGufyg/
wu,fvdkYrsm; tJ'D
setVisible (true);

qkdwJh Code_Line wpfaMumif;vHk;udk jzKwfxm;&ifyJjzpfjzpf

'grSr[kwf setVisible ( ) method &JU arguments ae&mrSm
False xm;cJh&ifyJjzpfjzpfayghaemf/ bmjzpfvmrSmvJ/
javac AWTFrame.java
java AWTFrame

qkdjyD;rS Compile & Run vkyfvkduf&if puefYtenf;i,fMum

wJt
h cgrSm C:\j2sdk1.4.1_01\bin > qdw
k hJ Prompt oauFw
[m jyefay:vmrSmygyJ/ [kwfjyDaemf/ 'g[m setVisible
(false); xm;cJhvdkYyJjzpfjzpf? SetVisible ( ) method wpfck
vHk;udk jzKwfxm;cJhvdkYyJjzpfjzpf awtpackage xJrSm yg0ifwJh
Frame udk display vkyr
f ay;Ekid w
f mygyJ/ [kwjf yDaemf/ pmzwf
oltaeeJY ydjk yD;awmh em;vnfoabmaygufomG ;atmif avhvm
MunhfvkdufygOD;/

addWindowListener ( ) method

'D method eJY ywfoufjyD;uawmh vmr,fh oifcef;pmawG

rSm Event-Handling Methods qkdjyD;awmhrS oD;oefY Event
Listeners eJY ywfoufwmawGudk &Sif;jyay;xm;ygw,f/ tck
addWindowListener ( ) method uvnf; WindowEvent
Object &JU method wpfckygyJ/ tvG,fyJ &Sif;jy&&ifawmh
WindowEvent qkdwm[m Window udk opend, closed,
iconified, deiconified, activated or deactivated tp&Sw
d hJ
vkyfaqmifcsufawGudk HandLing vkyfay;EkdifwJh Event
method awGyJ jzpfygw,f/
'gaMumifh oufqidk &f m oifcef;pmusrSom jynfjh ynfph pkH ekH YJ
pepfwus avhvmMuwmaygh/ uJ 'Dawmh java.awt.*; package udk toHk;jyKjyD;awmhrS zefwD;vdkufwJh Frame eJY javax.
swing.*;package udk toHk;jyKjyD;awmhrS zefwD;vdkufwJh
JFrame [m bmawGrsm;uGmjcm;ovJ rodb;l aemf/ tck vuf&dS
oifcef;pmeJY chapter (3) Index 3.1 eJY EIdif;,SOfjyD;awmhrS
avhvmMunhfygvm;/ uGmjcm;csufudk od&wmayghaemf/
Javax.Swing.*;package udk toHk;jyKjyD;awmhrS program
a&;om;&if java.awt.*;package udkyg xnhfoGif; declare
vky&f ygw,f/ 'g[m Swing Components awGxrJ mS ryg0if
wJh [AWT Components xJrSmom yg0ifwJh] tcsKdUaom
methods awGudk jznhfoGif; toHk;jyKcsifvdkYygyJ/ Java.awt.*;
package udk import & Declare vkyfjyD;awmh toHk;jyKr,f
qkd&ifawmh Javax.swing.*;package udk ac:p&mrvdkbJeJY
'D package wpfckwnf;eJYwif standalone vkyf a&;om;vdkY&
Ekid yf gw,f/ bmaMumifv
h q
J adk wmh AWT Components package [m Swing Package xuf Components Tools awG
trsm;tjym; yg0ifygw,f/ Package (2) ckpvH;k udk import&
Declare vkyfcJh&ifvnf; &ygw,f/ vdktyfwmudk vkdovkd
qGJjyD;awmh toHk;jyKayghaemf/ [kwfjyDvm;/ uJ qufvufjyD;
awmh 6.2 Using the AWT Components Buttons udk
qufvuf avhvmMuwmaygh/
KYAW ZAYAR LAY [ IT ENGINEERING ]

uGeyf sLwm*sme,f
197 (c)? yxrxyf? 33 vrf; (txuf)?
ausmufww
H m;jrKd eU ,f? &efuek /f

azazmf0g&D? 2008 175