Thut ng chuyn ngnh l hi

Thit b l hi:
Tn ting Vit Tn ting Anh
B thu hi nhit gi Air economizer
B thu hi nhit nc Water economizer
Vt ly tro u l Front ash screw conveyor
L hi Steam boiler
ng khi Chimney
Silo a cp Multi-Cyclone
Vt san than Coal surface razer screw
C cu tri than Rotary door for back burning case
Rotary van Rotary valve
Vt ly tro di silo a cp Ash screw
Bn nc Feed water tank
Phu nhn than (phu 2m3) Coal receiving hopper
Qut gi cp 1 Forced draft fan
Qut gi cp 2 Forced draft dilution fan
Qut ht khi thi Induced draft fan
Bng co x Main ash conveyor
Bng ti cao su di phu (s 1) Primary coal feeding belt conveyor
Bng ti cao su cp than (s 2) Secondary coal feeding belt conveyor
bng ti cao su ti x Ash transfer belt conveyor
Bn x y Blow down tank

Thit b kh nng:
Tn ting Vit Tn ting Anh
Vt ly tro u l Front ash screw conveyor
L kh nng Hot gas generator
Vt san than Coal surface razer screw
C cu tri than Rotary door for back burning case
Bn du Oil tank
Phu nhn than (phu 2m3) Coal receiving hopper
Qut gi cp 1 Forced draft fan
Qut gi cp 2 Forced draft dilution fan
Qut ht khi thi Induced draft fan
Qut trn gi (thp trn) Air mixing tower fan
Thp trn gi Air mixing tower
Bng co x Main ash conveyor
Bng ti cao su di phu (s 1) Primary coal feeding belt conveyor
Bng ti cao su cp than (s 2) Secondary coal feeding belt conveyor
Damper ng gi nng (3 ci) Damper

Thut ng chuyn ngnh ti chnh ngn hng

Abatement cost Chi ph kim sot; chi ph chng ( nhim)
Ability and earnings Nng lc v thu nhp
Ability to pay Kh nng chi tr.
Ability to pay theory L thuyt v kh nng chi tr
Abnormal profits Li nhun d thng
Abscissa Honh
Absenteeism Trn vic, s ngh lm khng c l do
Absentee landlord a ch (ch bt ng sn) cch bit
Absolute advantage Li th tuyt i.
Absolute cost advantage Li th nh ph tn tuyt i.
Absolute income hypothesis Gi thuyt thu nhp tuyt i.
Absolute monopoly c quyn tuyt i.
Absolute prices Gi tuyt i.
Absolute scarcity Khan him tuyt i .
Absolute value Gi tr tuyt i.
Absorption approach Phng php hp thu.
Abstinence Nhn chi tiu.
Accelerated depreciation Khu hao nhanh, khu hao gia tc.
Accelerating inflation Lm pht gia tc.
Accelerator Gia s
Accelerator coefficient H s gia tc.
Accelerator effect Hiu ng gia tc.
Accelerator principle Nguyn l gia tc.
Acceptance chp nhn thanh ton.
Accepting house Ngn hng nhn tr.
Accesion rate T l gia tng lao ng.
Accesions tax Thu qu tng.
M hnh nh i khng gian hay m hnh tip
Access/space trade - off model
cn.
Accommodating monetary policy Chnh sch tin t iu tit.
Accommodation transactions Cc giao dch iu tit.
Account Ti khon.
Accrued expenses Chi ph pht sinh (tnh trc).
Achieving Society, the. X hi thnh t.
Across-the-board tariff changes Thay i thu quan ng lot.
Action lag tr ca hnh ng.
Active balance D nghch.
Activity analysis Phn tch hot ng.
Activity rate T l lao ng.
Adaptive expectation K vng thch nghi; k vng phng theo
Adding up problem Vn cng tng.
Additional worker hypothesis Gi thuyt cng nhn thm vo.
Addition rule Quy tc cng.
Additive utility function Hm tho dng ph tr.
Address principle Nguyn l a ch.
Adjustable peg regime Ch iu chnh hn ch.
Adjustable peg system H thng neo t gi hi oi c th iu chnh.
Adjustment cost Chi ph iu chnh sn xut.
Adjustment lag tr iu chnh.
Adjustment process Qu trnh iu chnh
Administered prices Cc mc gi b qun ch.
Administrative lag tr do hnh chnh
Advalorem tax Thu theo gi tr.
Advance Tin ng trc.
Advance Corporation Tax (ACT) Thu doanh nghip ng trc.
Advance refunding Hon tr trc.
Advanced countries Cc nc pht trin, cc nc i u.
Adverse balance Cn cn thm ht.
Adverse selection La chn tri ; La chn theo hng bt li.
Advertising Qung co.
Advertising - sale ratio T l doanh s-qung co.
Age-earning profile Biu quan h thu nhp theo tui
Agency for International Development C quan pht trin quc t.
Agency shop Nghip on.
Agglomeration economies Tnh kinh t nh kt khi.
Aggregate concentration S tp trung gp.
Adverse supply shock C sc cung bt li.
Aggregate demand Cu gp; Tng cu
Aggregate demand curve ng cu gp; ng tng cu
Aggregate demand shedule Biu cu gp; Biu tng cu
Aggregate expenditure Chi tiu gp.
Aggregate income Thu nhp gp; Tng thu nhp
Aggregate output Sn lng gp.
Aggregate production function Hm sn xut gp.
Aggregate supply curve ng cung gp; ng tng cung.
Aggregation problem Vn v php gp.
Agrarian revolution Cch mng nng nghip.
Agricultural earnings Cc khon thu t nng nghp.
Agricultural exports Nng sn xut khu
Agricultural lag tr ca nng nghip
Agricultural livies Thu nng nghip.
Agricultural reform Ci cch nng nghip.
Agricultural sector Khu vc nng nghip.
Agricultural Stabilization and
ASCS - Nha n nh v bo tn nng nghip.
Conservation Service
Agricultural subsidies Khon tr cp nng nghip.
Agricultural Wage Boards Cc hi ng tin cng trong nng nghip.
Aid Vin tr
Aitken estimator c lng s Aitken.
Alienation S tha ho
Allocate Phn b, n nh
Allocation funtion Chc nng phn b
Allocative efficiency Hiu qu phn b.
Allowances and expences for corporation
Khu tr v chi ph vi thu cng ty.
tax
Allowances and expencess for income
Khu tr v chi ph vi thu thu nhp.
tax
Almon lag tr Almon.
Alpha coeficient H s Alpha
Alternative technology Cng ngh thay th.
Altruism Lng v tha.
Amalgamation S hp nht.
America Depository Receipt ADR - Phiu gi tin M.
America Federation of Labuor ALF - Lin on lao ng M.
America selling price Gi bn kiu M.
S giao dch chng khon M (ASE hay
American Stock Exchange
AMEX).
Amortization Chi tr tng k.
Amplitude Bin
Amtorg C quan mu dch thng tr ca Lin X.
Analysis of variance ANOVA - Phn tch phng sai
Anarchy Tnh trng v chnh ph.
Allowance Phn tin tr cp.
Anchor argument Lun im v ci neo.
Animal spirits Tinh thn by n; Tm l ha theo
Analysis (stats) Phn tch.
Annecy Round Vng m phn Annecy.
Annual allowances Min thu hng nm.
Annual capital charge Chi ph vn hng nm.
Annuity Nin kim.
Annuity market Th trng nin kim.
Anomaliess pay Tin tr cng bt thng.
Anticipated inflation Lm pht c d tnh.
Anti-trust Chng lng on.
Appreciation S tng gi tr.
Apprenticeship Hc vic.
Anti-export bias Thin lch / nh kin chng xut khu.
Appropriate products Cc sn phm thch hp.
Appropriate technology Cng ngh thch hp.
Appropriation account Ti khon phn phi li.
Approval voting B phiu tn thnh; b phiu ph chun.
Apriori Tin nghim.
Kinh doanh da vo chnh lch gi; bun
Arbitrage
chng khon
Arbitration Trng ti
Arc elasticity of demand co gin hnh cung ca cu
ARCH Kim nghim ARCH.
ARCH effect Hiu ng ARCH.
Aristotle (384-322 BC)-Aristotle (384-322 trc cng
nguyn)
Arithmetic mean Trung bnh s hc.
Arithmetic progression Cp s cng.
"A" shares C phiu "A".(C phiu hng li sau).
Asiab Development Bank Ngn hng pht trin chu .
Assessable Income or profit Thu nhp hoc li nhun chu thu.
Assessable profit Li nhun chu thu.
Asset Ti sn.
Asset stripping Tc ot ti sn.
Assignment problem Bi ton kt ni.
Assisted areas Cc vng c h tr
Hip hi nhng ngi bun bn tri khon
Association of International Bond Dealers
quc t.
Association of South East Asian Nations
Hip hi cc nc ng nam .
(ASEAN)
Assurance Bo him xc nh
Asset stocks and services flows D tr ti sn v lung dch v.
Thng tin bt i xng; Thng tin khng tng
Asymmetric infornation
xng.
Asymptote ng tim cn.
Asymptotic distribution Phn phi tim cn.
Atomistic competition Cnh tranh c lp.
Attribute Thuc tnh.
Auctioneer Ngi bn u gi.
Auction markets Cc th trng u gi.
Auctions u gi.
Augmented Dickey Fuller test ADF - Kim nh Dickey Fuller b sung.
Augmented Phillips curve ng Phillips b sung.
Austrian school Trng phi kinh t o.
Autarky T cung t cp.
Autarky economy Nn kinh t t cung t cp
Autocorrelation S t tng quan.
Automatic stabilizers Cc bin php n nh t ng.
Automation T ng ho.
Autonomous expenditure Khon chi tiu t nh.
Induced expenditure Khon chi tiu ph thuc (vo mc thu nhp).
Autonomous consumption Tiu dng t nh.
Autonomous investment u t t nh.
Autonomous investment demand Nhu cu u t t nh.
Autonomous transactions Giao dch t nh
Autonomous variables Cc bin t nh
Autoregression T hi quy.
Availability effects Cc hiu ng ca s sn c.
Average S trung bnh.
Average cost Chi ph bnh qun.
Average cost pricing nh gi theo chi ph bnh qun.
Thu nhp k vng bnh qun; Thu nhp bnh
Average expected income
qun d kin.
Average fixed costs Chi ph c nh bnh qun.
Average product Sn phm bnh qun.
Average productivity Nng sut bnh qun.
Average propensity to consume Khuynh hng tiu dng bnh qun.
Average propensity to save Khuynh hng tit kim bnh qun.
Average rate of tax Sut thu bnh qun (sut thu thc t).
Average revenue Doanh thu bnh qun.
Average revenue product Sn phm doanh thu bnh qun.
Average total cost Tng chi ph bnh qun
Average variable cost AVC-Chi ph kh bin bnh qun.
Averch-Johnson Effect Hiu ng Averch-Johnson.
Axiom of completeness Tin v tnh y .
Axiom of continuity Tin v tnh lin tc.
Axiom of convexity Tin v tnh li.
Axiom of dominance Tin v tnh thch nhiu hn thch t.
Axiom of Tin v s la chn.
Axiom of prefence Tin v s thch.
Backdoor fancing Cp tin qua ca sau.
Back-haul rates Cc vn ti ngc.
Backstop technology Cng ngh chng cui.
Backward bending supply curve of labour ng cung lao ng cong v pha sau.
Backward intergration Lin hp thng ngun.
Backward linkage Lin kt thng ngun.
Backwash effects Hiu ng ngc.
Bad Hng xu.
Bad money drive out good "ng tin xu ui ng tin tt".
Bagehot, Walter (1826-1877).
Balanced budget Ngn sch cn i.
Balanced-budget multiplier S nhn ngn sch cn i.
Balanced economic development Pht trin kinh t cn i.
Balanced growth Tng trng cn i.
Balance of payment Cn cn thanh ton.
Balance of trade Cn cn thng mi.
Balance principle Nguyn l cn i.
Balance sheet Bng cn i ti sn.
Bancor ng tin bancor (ng tin quc t).
Balanced GDP GDP c cn i
Bandwagon effect Hiu ng on tu
Bank Ngn hng
Bank advance Khon vay ngn hng.
Bank bill Hi phiu ngn hng.
Bank Charter Act o lut Ngn hng.
Bank credit Tn dng ngn hng.
Bank deposite Tin gi ngn hng.
Bank for international Settlements Ngn hng thanh ton quc t.
Banking panic Cn hong lon ngn hng.
Banking school Trng phi ngn hng
Bank loan Khon vay ngn hng.
Bank note Giy bc ca ngn hng.
Bank of England Ngn hng Anh
Bank of United State Ngn hng Hoa K.
T l chit khu chnh thc ca ngn hng
Bank rate
ANH.
Bankruptcy S ph sn.
Bargaining tariff Thu quan mc c; Thu quan thng lng.
L thuyt thng lng v tin cng; L
Bargaining theory of wages
thuyt mc c v tin cng.
Bargaining unit n v thng lng; n v mc c.
Banks' cash-deposit ratio T s gia tin mt v tin gi ca ngn hng.
Barlow Report Bo co Barlow.
Barometric price leadership S ch o theo k p gi c.
Barriers to entry Ro cn nhp ngnh
Barter Hng i hng.
Barter agreements Hip nh trao i hng.
Barter economy Nn kinh t hng i hng
Base period Giai on gc.
Base rate Li sut gc.
Basic activities Cc hot ng c bn.
Basic exports Hng xut khu c bn
Basic industries Nhng ngnh c bn.
Basic need philosophy Trit l nhu cu c bn.
Basic wage rates Mc tin cng c bn; mc lng c bn.
Basing-point system H thng im nh v c s.
Bayesian techniques K thut Bayes.
Bearer bonds Tri khon khng ghi tn.
Bears Ngi u c gi xung.
Beggar-my neighbour policies Chnh sch lm ngho nc lng ging
Behavioural equation Phng trnh v hnh vi
Behavioural expectations K vng da trn hnh vi.
Cc l thuyt da trn hnh vi v hng; l
Behavioural theories of the firm
thuyt v hng da trn hnh vi.
Base year Nm gc, nm c s.
Benefit-cost ratio T s chi ph-li ch.
Benefit-cost analysis Phn tch li ch chi ph.
Benefit principle Nguyn tc nh thu theo li ch.
Benelux Economic Union Lin minh kinh t Benelux.
Bergsonnian Social Walfare Funtion Hm phc li x hi Bergson
Bernoulli Hypothesis Gi thuyt Bernoulli.
Bertrand's duopoly Model M hnh lng quyn ca Bertrand.
(BLUE)-on s trng tuyn tnh p nht;
Best Linear Unbiased Estimator
(c lng tuyn tnh khng chch tt nht)
Beta Ch s Beta
Beveridge Report Bo co Beveridge.
Bias lch.
Bid u thu.
Bid-rent function Hm gi thu thu t.
Bifurcation Hypothesis Gi thuyt lng cc.
Big bang V o ln ln.
Big push C y mnh.
Bilateral assistance Tr gip song phng.
Bilateral monopoly c quyn song phng.
Bilateral trade Mu dch song phng
Bill Hi phiu.
Bill broker Ngi mi gii hi phiu.
Bill of exchange Hi phiu i ngoi.
Bills only Ch c nghip v hi phiu.
Binary variable Bin nh phn.
Biological interest rate Li sut sinh hc.
Birth rate T sut sinh
BIS Ngn hng thanh ton quc t
Bivariate analysis Phn tch hai bin s
Black market Ch en
Bliss point im cc mn; im hon ton tho mn
Block grant Tr cp c gi
Blue chip C phn xanh
Blue Book Sch xanh
Blue-collar workers Cng nhn c xanh
BLUS residuals S d BLUS
Bond Tri khon
Bond market Th trng tri phiu
Bonus issue C phiu thng
Book value Gi tr trn s sch
Boom S bng n tng trng
Borda Count Con tnh Borda
Boulwarism Ch ngha Boulware
Bounded rationality Tnh duy l b hn ch.
Bourgeoisie Tng lp trng gi; Tng lp t sn
Box-Jenkins Phng php Box-Jenkins.
Brain drain (Hin tng) chy mu cht xm
Branch banking Nhip v ngn hng chi nhnh
Brand loyalty S trung thnh vi nhn hiu
Break-even analysis Phn tch im ho vn
Break-even level of income Mc ho vn ca thu nhp
Bretton Woods system H thng Bretton Woods.
Brooker Ngi mi gii.
Brokerage Hoa hng mi gii.
Brookings model M hnh Brookings
Brussels, Treaty of Hip c Brussels
Hip c Brussels (c bit n nh hip
Brussels, Treaty of
c B sung)
Brussels conference Hi ngh Brussels.
Brussels Tariff Nomenclature Biu thu quan theo Hip nh Brussels
Budget Ngn sch.
Budget deficit Thm ht ngn sch.
Budget line ng ngn sch
Budget surplus Thng d ngn sch.
Budgetary control Kim sot ngn sch
Budget shares T phn ngn sch.
Buffer stocks Kho m, d tr bnh n
Building society Ngn hng pht trin gia c
Built-in stabililizers Cc chnh sch, cng c n nh ni to.
Bulls Ngi u c gi ln.
Bureaucracy, economic theory of L thuyt kinh t v h thng cng chc.
Bureaux Vn phng
Business cycle Chu k kinh doanh.
Business performance Kt qu kinh doanh.
Business risk Ri ro kinh doanh
Buyer concertration S tp trung ngi mua.
Buyers' market Th trng ca ngi mua.
Caculus Gii tch.
Call money Khon vay khng k hn.
Call option Hp ng mua trc.
Cambridge Equation Phng trnh Cambridge
Cambridge school of Economics Trng phi kinh t hc Cambridge
Cambridge theory of Money L thuyt tin t ca trng phi Cambridge.
Capacity model M hnh cng nng.
Capacity untilization Mc s dng cng nng
Capital T bn/ vn.
Capital account Ti khon vn.
Capital accumulation Tch l vn.
Capital allowances Cc khon min thu cho vn.
Capital asset Ti sn vn.
Capital asset pricing model M hnh nh gi Ti sn vn.
Capital budgeting Phn b vn ngn sch.
Capital charges Cc ph tn cho vn
Capital coefficients Cc h s vn.
Capital Consumption Allowance Khon khu tr cho s dng t bn.
Capital Controversy Tranh ci v yu t vn.
Capital deepening Tng cng vn.
Capital equipment Thit b sn xut, thit b vn.
Capital expenditure Chi tiu cho vn.
Capital information (capital formation?) S hnh thnh vn.
Capital gain Khon li vn.
Capital gains tax Thu li vn.
Capital gearing T trng vn vay
Capital goods T liu sn xut, hng t liu sn xut.
Capital intensity Cng vn.
(ngnh) da nhiu vo vn; s dng nhiu
Capital - intensive
vn.
Capital - intensive economy Nn kinh t da nhiu vo vn.
Capital-intensive sector Ngnh bao hm nhiu vn
Capital-intensive techniques Cc k thut da nhiu vo vn
Capital, marginal efficiency of Vn, hiu qu bin ca
Capitalism Ch ngha t bn
Capitalization T bn ho, vn ha
Capitalization issue C phiu khng mt tin
Capitalization rates T l vn ho
Capitalized value Gi tr c vn ho
Capital-labour ratio T s vn/ lao ng
Capital loss Khon l vn
Capital market Th trng vn
Capital movements Cc lung di chuyn vn
Capital-output ratio T s vn-sn lng
Capital rationing nh mc vn
Capital requirements Cc yu cu v vn
Capital- reversing Thay i k thut sn xut
Capital services Cc dch v vn
Capital stock Dung lng vn
Capital Stock Adjustment Principle Nguyn l iu chnh dung lng vn
Capital structure Cu trc vn
Captital tax Thu vn
Capital theoretic approach Phng php l thuyt qui v vn
Capital theory L thuyt v vn
Capital transfer tax Thu chuyn giao vn
Capital turnover criterion Tiu chun quay vng vn
Capital widening u t chiu rng (m rng vn)
Capitation tax Thu thn
Capture theory L thuyt nm gi.
Ngi / Ngn hng b buc phi mua mt s
Captive buyer chng khon va pht hnh. (Nh nc quy
nh).
Carbon tax Thu Carbon
Cardinalism Trng phi im ho; trng phi chia .
tho dng im ho; tho dng,
Cardinal utility
khong cch gia cc mc tho dng.
Cartel Cartel
Cartel sanctions S trng pht ca Cartel
Cash Tin mt.
Cash balance approach Cch tip cn tn qu. (S d tin mt).
Nng sn thng mi; Hoa mu hng ho/
Cash crops
hoa mu thng mi.
Cash drainage Tht thot / ht tin mt.
Cash flow Lung tin, ngn lu, dng kim lu.
Cash flow statement Bn bo co lung tin / ngn lu.
Cash limit Hn mc chi tiu, hn mc tin mt.
Cash ratio T sut tin mt.
Casual employment Cng vic tm thi.
Categorical Tr cp chn lc.
Causality Phng php nhn qu.
Ceiling Mc trn
Celler - Kefauver Act o lut Celler - Kefauver.
Central Bank Ngn hng trung ng
Ngn hng trung ng ca cc ngn hng
Central Bank of Central Banks
trung ng.
Central business district Khu kinh doanh trung tm.
Central Limit Theorem. nh l gii hn trung tm.
Central Place Theory L thuyt V tr Trung tm.
Central planing K hoch ho tp trung.
Central policy Review Staff Ban xet duyt chnh sch trung ng (CPRS).
Central Statical office Cc thng k trung ng
Certainty equivalence Mc qui i v tt nh.
Certificate of deposit Giy chng nhn tin gi.
CES production function Hm sn xut c co gin thay th c nh.
Ceteris paribus iu kin khc gi nguyn
Chain rule Quy tc dy chuyn. (Quy tc hm ca hm).
Central tendency Xu hng hng tm; Hng tm.
Ceilings and floors Mc trn v mc sn; Mc nh v mc y.
Causation Quan h nhn qu.
Chamberlin, Edward (1899-1967)
Characteristics theory L thuyt v c tnh sn phm.
Charge account Ti khon tn dng.
Cheap money Tin r.
Check off Tr cng on ph trc tip.
Cheque card Th sc.
Cheque Sc
Chicago School Trng phi (kinh t) Chicago.
Child allowance Tr cp tr em.
Phn phI Kai bnh phng (Phn phi khi
Chi-square distribution
bnh phng)
Choice of technology S la chn cng ngh.
Choice variable Bin la chn.
 Gi, ph bo him, cc vn chuyn , hay gi
CIF
y ca hng ho.
CIO
Circular flow of income Lung lun chuyn thu nhp.
Choice of production technique S la chn k thut sn xut.
Circular flow of payments Dng thanh ton lun chuyn.
Circulating capital Vn lu ng.
Classical dichotomy Thuyt lng phn c in
Classical economics Kinh t hc c in
Classical school Trng phi c in
Classical system of company taxation H thng c in v thu cng ty
Classical techniques Cc k thut c in
Tht nghip theo l thuyt c in v theo l
Classical and Keynesian unemployment
thuyt Keynes
Classical model M hnh c in
Clay-clay clay-clay; t st- t st
Clayton Act o lut Clayton
Clean float Th ni t do
Clearing banks Cc ngn hng thanh ton b tr
Clearing house Phng thanh ton b tr
Cliometrics S lng
Closed economy Nn kinh t ng
Ca hng ng;Cng ty c t chc cng
Closed shop
on.
Closing prices Gi lc ng ca.
Club good Hng ho club; Hng ho bn cng cng.
Thuyt club; Thuyt cu lc b, thuyt hng
Clubs, theory of
ho bn cng cng.
Coase's theorem nh l Coase.
Cobb-Douglas production function Hm sn xut Cobb-Douglas.
Cobweb theorem nh l mng nhn.
Cochrane-Orcutt Cochrane-Orcutt
Co-determination ng quyt nh.
H s xc nh (H s tng quan bi s R
Coefficient of determination
bnh phng).
Coefficient of variation H s phn tn ( phn tn tng i).
Coercive comparisons So snh p buc.
Cofactor ng h s.
Coinage Tin c.
Coincident indicator Ch s bo trng hp.
Cointegration ng lin kt
COLA iu chnh theo gi sinh hot.
Collateral security Vt th chp.
Collective bargaining Thng lng tp th.
Collective choise S la chn tp th.
Collective goods Hng ho tp th.
Collective exhaustive
Collinearity
Multi-Collinearity
Collusion
Collusive oligopoly
Collusive price leadership
Comecon
Command economy
Commercial banks
Commercial bill
Commercial paper
Commercial policy
Commissions
Commodity
Commodity bundling
Commodity Credit Corporation
Commodity money
Commodity space
Commodity terms of trade
Common Agricultural Policy
Common Customs Tariff
Common external tariff
Common facility co-operative
Common market
Common stock
Communism
Community Charge
Community indifference curve
Company
Company bargaining
Company director
Company saving
Comparability argument
Comparable worth
Comparative advantage
Comparative costs
Comparative dynamics
Comparative statics
Compensated demand curves
Compensating variation
Compensation principle
Compensation rules
Compensation tests
Competition Act 1980
Hon ton.
Cng tuyn.
a cng tuyn.
Kt cu.
c quyn nhm c kt cu.
Ch o gi kt cu.
Hi ng tng tr kinh t.
Nn kinh t ch huy.
Cc ngn hng thng mi.
Hi phiu thng mi.
Thng phiu
Chnh sch thng mi
Xem COMPENSATION RULES
Vt phm; Hng ho
Bn hng theo l
Cng ty tn dng hng ho; Cng ty tn dng
vt phm
Tin t da trn vt phm; Tin bng hng
ho.
Khng gian hng ho.
T gi trao i hng ho; T gi hng ho.
Chnh sch nng nghip chung.
Biu thu quan chung.
Biu thu i ngoi chung.
Cc hp tc x c thit b chung.
Th trng chung.
Chng khon ph thng.
Ch ngha cng sn.
Thu cng ng.
ng bng quan cng ng.
Cng ty.
m phn cng ty.
Gim c cng ty.
So snh v lng
Lun im v tnh c th so snh.
Gi tr c th so snh.
Li th so snh
Chi ph so snh.
Phng php so snh ng.
Phng php so snh tnh.
ng cu c b.
Mc thay i b p.
Nguyn l b p.
Cc quy tc tr th lao.
Kim nghim n b.
o lut cnh tranh 1980.
Competition and Credit Control Kim sot tn dng v cnh tranh
Competitive markets Th trng cnh tranh
Complements Hng ho b tr
Complex number S phc
Composite commodity theorem nh l hng ho a hp
Compound interest Li kp
Compensating differentials Cc mc b thm tin lng.
Competition policy Chnh sch v cnh tranh
Concave function (concavity) Hm lm (tnh lm).
Concentration S tp trung.
Concentration, coefficient of. H s tp trung.
Concentration ratio T l tp trung.
Concerted action Hnh ng phi hp.
Phng php iu ho gim thu quan;
Concertina method of tariff reduction
Phng php gim thu quan hi ho.
Conciliation Ho gii
Condorcet Criterion Tiu chun g chi; Tiu chun Condorcet
Confederation of British Industrial Lin on cng nghip ANH (CBI).
Confidence interval Khong tin cy.
Confidence problem Vn lng tin.
Congestion costs Chi ph do tc nghn.
Conglomerate; Tp on; T hp doanh
Conglomerate
nghip
Conjectural behavior Hnh vi phng on.
CONJECTURAL VARIATION S thay i theo phng on.
Consistency Tnh nht qun.
Consolidated fund Qu ngn kh.
Consistent Thng nht/ nht qun.
Consolidated balance sheets Bng cn i (k ton/ti sn) hp nht.
Consols Cng tri hp nht.
Consortium bank Ngn hng Consortium.
S tiu dng nhm th hin; S tiu dng
Conspicuous consumption
nhm khoe khoang.
Constant capital T bn bt bin.
Constant Elasticity of Substitution (CES) Hm sn xut vi co gin thay th khng
Production Function i.
Constant market share demand curve ng cu vi th phn bt bin.
Sinh li khng i theo qui m; Li tc c nh
Constant returns to scale
theo quy m
Constrained optimization Ti u ho c rng buc
Constraint Rng buc
Consumer Ngi tiu dng
Consumer credit Tn dng tiu dng
Consumer demand theory L thuyt cu tiu dng
Consumer durable Hng tiu dng lu bn
Consumer equilibrium Cn bng tiu dng
Consumer expenditure
Consumer goods and services
Consumer price index
Consumer sovereignty
Consumer's surplus
Consumption
Consumption expenditure
Consumption function
Consumption tax
Constestable market
Contingency reserve
Contingency table
Contingent valuation
Continuous variable
Contract curve
Contractionary phase
Convergence thesis
Convergent cycle
Conversion
Convertibility
Convertible bond
Convertible loan stock
Convertible security
Convex function (convexity)
Cooling off period
Co-ordinated wage policy
Core, the
Corner solution
Corn Laws
Corporate capitalism
Corporate conscience
Corporate risk
Corporate state
Complementary inputs
Concesionary prices / rates
Constant prices
Constant returns to scale
Constraint (informal / formal)
Conversion factor
Consumer borrowing
Chi tiu ca ngi tiu dng
Hng v dch v tiu dng
Ch s gi tiu dng
Quyn ti thng ca ngi tiu dng; Ch
quyn ca ngi tiu dng
Thng d ca ngi tiu dng
S tiu dng
Chi tiu tiu dng
Hm tiu dng
Thu tiu dng
Th trng c th cnh tranh c
D tr pht sinh
Bng pht sinh; Bng s c
nh gi (hin tng) pht sinh; Vic nh gi
bt thng
Bin s lin tc
ng hp ng
Giai on suy gim; Giai on thu hp
Lun chng hi t
Chu k hi t
S chuyn i
Kh nng chuyn i
Tri khon chuyn i c.
Khon vay chuyn i c.
Chng khon chuyn i c.
Hm li (tnh li).
Giai on lng du.
Chnh sch tin lng phi hp
Gi gc.
p s gc.
Cc b lut v Ng.
Ch ngha t bn hp doanh; Ch ngha t
bn doanh nghip.
Lng tm hp doanh; Lng tm doanh
nghip.
Ri ro hp doanh; Ri ro cng ty.
a phn ca hp doanh; Nh nc cng ty.
(Cc loi) u vo b tr; Nhp lng b tr.
Gi / T sut u i.
Gi c nh / gi bn khng i.
Sinh li khng i theo quy m.
Hn ch / Rng buc (khng chnh thc/ chnh
thc) ngoi quy nh/ theo quy nh.
H s chuyn i.
Khon vay cho ngi tiu dng; Vay tiu
dng.
Consumer choice La chn ca ngi tiu dng.
Consumption bundle B hng tiu dng; im kt hp tiu dng.
Consumption externalities Nhng ngoi tc tiu dng.
Corporation Hp doanh; Cng ty.
Corporation tax Thu doanh nghip; Thu Cng ty.
Correlation S tng quan
Positive correlation Tng quan ng bin.
Nagative correlation Tng quan nghch bin.
Correlation of returns Tng quan ca li tc.
Correlogram Biu tng quan
Correspondent banks Cc ngn hng i l.
Corset Yu cu tht cht.
Cost Chi ph.
Cost - benefit analysis Phn tch chi ph - li ch.
Cost - effectiveness analysis Phn tch chi ph - hiu qu
Cost insurance freight Ph, bo him, cc vn chuyn, gi CIF.
Cost minimization Ti thiu ho chi ph.
Cost of capital Chi ph vn.
Cost of living Chi ph cho sinh hot; Gi sinh hot.
Cost of protection Chi ph bo h.
Cost overrun Chi ph pht sinh.
Cch nh gi chi ph-cng li; Cch nh gi
Cost - plus pricing
da vo chi ph v cng thm li nhun.
Cost - push inflation Lm pht do chi ph y.
Phn tch chi ph - cng dng; Phn tch tn
Cost - utility analysis
dng chi ph.
Council of Economic Advisors (ECA). Hi ng c vn kinh t.
Council for Mutual economic Assitance
Hi ng tng tr kinh t.
(Comecon)
Countercyclical Ngc chu k.
Countertrade Thng mi i lu.
Countervailing power Lc b i trng; Th lc lm cn bng.
Thu chng bo h gi; thu nh vo hng
Counter - vailing duty
xut/ nhp khu c tr gi.
Coupon Phiu li, li sut tri phiu.
Coupon payments Tin tr li theo nm
Cournot's duopoly model M hnh lng c quyn Cournot.
Covariance Hip phng sai.
Covariance stationary Tnh theo hip phng sai.
Covered interest parity Mc li xut qui ngang; Ngang gi li sut.
CPRS Xem CENTRAL POLICY REVIEW STAFF.
Craff unions Nghip on theo chuyn mn.
Cramer's Rule Quy tc Cramer's.
Crawling peg Ch neo t gi hi oi iu chnh dn.
Credit Tn dng.
Credit account Ti khon tn dng.
Credit card Th tn dng.
Credit celing Trn tn dng.
Credit control Kim sot tn dng.
Credit creation S to ra tn dng.
Credit guarantee Bo m tn dng.
Credit multiplier S nhn tn dng.
Credible threat e do kh tin; e do c th thc hin c.
Creditor nation Nc ch n.
Creditors Cc ch n.
Credit rationing nh mc tn dng
Credit restrictions Hn ch tn dng
Credit squeeze Hn ch tn dng
Credit transfer Chuyn khon
Creeping inflation Lm pht sn b; Lm pht b dn
Critical value Gi tr ti hn
Cross elasticity of demand co gin cho ca cu
Cross-entry Nhp nghnh cho
Cross partial derivative o hm ring
Cross-sectional analysis Phn tch cho
Cross-section consumption function Hm s tiu dng cho
Cross-subsidization Tr cp cho
Crowding hypothesis Gi thuyt chn p
Crowding out Ln p; chn p
CSO Cc thng k trung ng
Cubic Lp phng
Cultural change S thay i vn ho
Culture of poverty hypothesis Gi thuyt v vn ho ngho kh
Cumulative causation model M hnh nhn qu tch lu
Cumulative preference shares Cc c phiu u i
Cumulative shares C phiu c tr li theo tch lu
Currency Tin mt, tin t
Currency appreciation S tng gi tr ca mt ng tin
Currency control Kim sot tin t
Currency depreciation S st gim gi tr tin t
Currency notes Tin giy
Currency principle Nguyn l tin t
Currency retention quota Hn mc gi ngoi t
Curency school Trng phi tin t
Currency substitution S thay th tin t
Ti khon vng lai/ ti khon hin hnh, cn
Current account
cn ti khon vng lai.
Current assets Ti sn lu ng.
Current cost accounting Hch ton theo chi ph hin ti.
Current income Thu nhp thng xuyn.
Current liabilities Ti sn n ngn hn.
Current profits Li nhun hin hnh
Current and capital account Ti khon vng lai v ti khon vn.
Current prices Gi hin hnh (thi gi).
Custom and practice Tp qun v thng l
Custom markets Cc th trng khch hng.
Custom Co-operative Council U ban hp tc Hi quan.
Cc loi thu hi quan, thu tiu th c bit
Custom, excise and protective duties
v thu bo h.
Custom union Lin minh thu quan.
Cyclical unemployment Tht nghip chu k.
Cycling Chu k.
Chi ph bi thng thit hi; Chi ph b p
Damage cost
thit hi; Chi ph thit hi
Damped cycle Chu k (c bin ) gim dn; Chu k tt.
Data S liu, d liu.
Dated securities Chng khon ghi ngy hon tr.
DCF Phng php phn tch chit khu lung tin.
Deadweight debt N "trng".
Deadweight - loss Khon mt trng; khon tn tht v ch.
Dear money Tin t.
Debased coinage Tin kim loi.
Debentures Tri khon cng ty.
Debt N.
Debt conversion Hon n; i n.
Debt finance Ti tr bng vay n.
Debt for equity swaps Hon chuyn n thnh c phn.
Debt management Qun l n.
Debtor nation Nc mc n.
Debt ratio T s n gia vn vay v vn c phn
Decile Thp phn v
Decimal coinage Tin c c s mi
Decision function Hm quyt nh
Decision lag tr ca vic ra quyt nh
Decision rule Quy tc ra quyt nh
Decision theory L thuyt ra quyt nh
Decreasing cost industry Ngnh c chi ph gim dn
Decreasing returns Mc sinh li gim dn; Li tc gim dn
Mc sinh li gim dn theo qui m; Li tc
Decreasing returns to scale
gim dn theo quy m
Deferred ordinary shares C phiu thng li tr sau
Deficit Thm ht
Deficit financing Ti tr thm ht
Deficit units Cc n v thm ht
Deflation Gim pht
Deflationnary gap Chnh lch gy gim pht
Deflator Ch s gim pht
Degree of homogeneity Mc ng nht
Degree of freedom Bc t do (df)
Deindustrialization Phi cng nghip ho.
Delors Report Bo co Delors.
Demand Cu
Demand curve ng cu.
Demand deposits Tin gi khng k hn.
Demand - deficient unemployment Tht nghip do thiu cu.
Demand for inflation Cu i vi lm pht.
Demand function Hm cu
Demand for exchange Cu ngoi t.
Demand for money Cu tin t
Demand management Qun l cu.
Demand - pull inflation Lm pht do cu ko.
Demand schedule Biu cu
Demand shift inflation Lm pht do dch chuyn cu.
Demography Nhn khu hc.
Density gradient Gradient mt .
Dependence structure Cu trc ph thuc.
Qu trnh phi tin t ho; gim bt s dng
Demonetization
tin mt.
Dependency burden Gnh nng n theo.
Dependent variable Bin s ph thuc.
Depletion allowance u i ti nguyn
Deposit Tin gi
Deposit account Ti khon tin gi
Deposit money Tin gi ngn hng.
Depository Institution Deregulation and o lut phi iu tit v kim sot tin i vi
Monetary Control Act of 1980 (DIDMCA) cc nh ch nhn tin gi nm 1980.
Depreciation Khu hao; s st gim gi tr.
Depression Tnh trng suy thoi.
Deregulation D b iu tit; Xo iu tit; Phi iu tit.
Depletable and renewable resources Cc ti nguyn khng th ti sinh v ti sinh.
Depreciation rate T l khu hao.
Depressed area Khu vc tr tr.
Derivative o hm.
Derived demand Cu phi sinh, cu dn xut, cu th pht.
Deseasonalization Xo tnh cht thi v.
Desired capital stock Dung lng vn mong mun.
Determinant nh thc (hay Del hoc c k hiu |A|).
Detrending Kh khuynh hng; Gim khuynh hng.
Devaluation Ph gi
Devaluation and revaluation Ph gi v nng gi.
Developing countries Cc nc ang pht trin.
Development area Vng cn pht trin.
Hoch nh pht trin; Lp k hoch pht
Development planning
trin.
Development strategy Chin lc pht trin.
Deviation lch.
Standard deviation lch chun.
Dickey fuller test Cc kim nh Dickey Fuller.
Difference equation Phng trnh vi phn
Differencing Phng php vi phn
Difference principle Nguyn l bt bng; Nguyn l khc bit
Difference stationary process (DSP) Qu trnh vi phn tnh.
Differentials Cc cung bc; Cc mc chnh lch.
Differentiated growth Tng trng nh a dng ho
Differentiation Qu trnh a dng ho; Php vi phn
Diffusion Qu trnh truyn b; S ph bin
Dillon Round Vng m phn Dillon
Diminishing marginal utility tho dng bin gim dn.
Diminishing returns Mc sinh li gim dn; Li tc gim dn
Diminishing marginal rate of substitution (Quy lut v) t l thay th bin gim dn.
(Qui lut v) gi tr tho dng bin gim dn
Diminishing marginal utility of wealth
ca ti sn/ca ci.
Direct costs Chi ph trc tip.
Direct debit Ghi n trc tip.
Direct taxes Thu trc thu.
Directors Ban gim c.
Director's Law Quy lut Director
Dirty float Th ni (kiu) bn; Th ni khng hon ton
Cng nhn (c v th) bt li; Nhng cng
Disadvantaged workers
nhn khng c li th.
Discharges Nhng ngi b thi vic
Discounted cash flow (DCF) Dng tin chit khu; Lung tin chit khu
Discounted cash flow yield Li tc lung tin chit khu
Discount house Hng chit khu
Discounting Chit khu
Discount market Th trng chit khu.
Discount rate T l chit khu; sut chit khu
Discouraged Worker Hypothesis Gi thuyt v cng nhn nn lng.
Discrete variable Bin gin on
Discretionary profits Nhng mc li nhun vt tri
Discretionary stabilization S n nh c can thip
c quyn phn bit i x; c quyn c
Discriminating monopoly
phn bit.
Discrimination S phn bit i s.
Discriminatory pricing nh gi c phn bit
Diseconomies of growth Tnh phi kinh t do tng trng
Diseconomies of scale Tnh phi kinh t do quy m.
Tin b k thut ngoi ti; Tin b k thut
Disembodied technical progress
tch ri.
Disequilibrium Trng thi bt cn; Trng thi khng cn bng
Disguised unemployment Tht nghip tr hnh.
Disincentive Tr ngi
Disinflation Qu trnh gim lm pht.
Disintermediation Qu trnh xo b trung gian; Phi trung gian.
Disinvestment Gim u t.
Hiu ng chuyn di; Hiu ng thay i trng
Displacement effect
thi.
Thu nhp kh dng; thu nhp kh tiu; Thu
Disposable income
nhp kh dng.
Dissaving Gim tit kim.
Distance cost Ph vn chuyn.
Dirigiste Chnh ph can thip.
Discount rate Sut chit khu.
Discouraged worker / unemployment Ngi tht nghip do nn lng.
Distributed lags tr c phn phi.
Distributed profits Li nhun c phn phi.
Distribution, theories of Cc l thuyt phn phi.
Dispersion Phn tn.
Distortions Bin dng
Distortions and market failures Cc bin dng v tht bi ca th trng.
Distribution (stats) Phn phi.
Continuous distribution Phn phi lin tc
Deterministic distribution Phn phi tt nh
Discrete distribution Phn phi ri rc
Normal distribution Phn phi chun
Probability distribution Phn phi xc sut
Step distribution Phn phi bc thang
Triangular distribution Phn phi tam gic
Union distribution Phn phi u.
Distributional equity Cng bng trong phn phi.
Distributional wage Trng s phn phi
Distribution function Chc nng phn phi.
S xem xt kha cnh phn phi; BIN MINH
Distributive judgement
PHN PHi.
Distributive justice Cng bng v kha cnh phn phi
Disturbance term Sai s.
Disutility bt tho dung.
Divergent cycle Chu k phn r; Chu k bng n.
Divergence Phn r; phn k; Sai bit.
Diversification a dng ho.
Diversifier Ngi u t a dng.
Dividend C tc.
Dividend cover Mc bo chng c tc.
Dividend payout ratio T s tr c tc
Dividend yield Li c tc.
Division of labour Phn cng lao ng.
Dollar certificate of deposite Giy chng nhn tin gi la.
Domestic credit expansion Tn dng trong nc (DCE).
Dominant firm price leadership Gi ca hng khng ch.
Doolittle method Phng php Doolittle
S hi t lp v nhu cu; S trng hp nhu
Double-coincidence of wants
cu.
Double counting Tnh hai ln; Tnh lp
T gi ngoi thng c tnh n gi ca cc
Double factorial terms of trade
yu t sn xut ca c hai bn.
Double switching Chuyn i tr li.
Double taxation and double taxation
nh thu hai ln v trnh nh thu hai ln.
relief.
Dow Jones index Ch s Dow Jones.
Dual decision hypothesis Gi thuyt quyt nh kp
Dualism, theory of L thuyt nh nguyn
Duality Phng php i ngu.
Dual labour market hypothesis Gi thit th trng lao ng hai cp.
Dollar standard Bn v la
Domestic absorption S hp thu trong nc.
Tng trng hng ni; Tng trng hng
Domestic - oriented growth
vo th trng ni a.
Domestic resources cost Chi ph ti nguyn trong nc.
Dummy variable Bin gi.
Dumping Bn ph gi.
Duopoly Lng c quyn bn.
Duopsony Lng c quyn mua.
Duration of unemployment Thi gian tht nghip
Durbin h - statistic S thng k Durbin - h
Durbin- Watson S thng k (d hoc D.W.).
Dynamic economics Kinh t hc ng.
Dynamic model M hnh kinh t ng.
Dynamic peg T gi hi oi neo ng.
Dynamic programming Quy hoch ng.
Dynamic theories of comparative
Cc l thuyt ng v li th so snh.
advantage.
Earmaking Dnh cho mc ch ring.
Earning Thu nhp.
Earnings driff Khuynh hng tng thu nhp.
Earnings function Hm thu nhp.
Easy money Tin d vay.
Chnh sch tin t v ti kho lng/cht; Chnh
Easy / tight monetary or fiscal policy sch ni lng / tht cht tin t hay thu chi
ngn sch.
EC Agricultural Livies Thu nng nghip ca EC
Xem EXPORT CREDITS GUARANTEE
ECGD
DEPARTMENT
Econometric model M hnh kinh t lng.
Econometrics Mn kinh t lng.
Economic base C s kinh t.
Economic base multiplier Nhn t c s kinh t.
Economic community Cng ng kinh t.
Economic Co-operation Administration C quan Hp tc kinh t.
Economic development Pht trin kinh t.
Economic development Committee U ban Pht trin kinh t.
Economic development Institute Vin Pht trin kinh t.
Economic dynamics ng hc kinh t.
Economic efficiency Hiu qu kinh t.
Eclectic Keynesian Ngi theo thuyt Keynes chit trung.
Economic cost Chi ph kinh t.
Economic growth Tng trng kinh t.
Economic good Hng ho kinh t.
Economic imperialism quc kinh t.
Economic liberialism Ch ngha t do kinh t.
Economic man Con ngi kinh t.
Economic planning Hoch nh kinh t.
Economic policy Chnh sch kinh t.
Economic price Gi kinh t.
Economic profit Li nhun kinh t.
Economic rent Tin thu kinh t, t kinh t, c li kinh t.
Economic rate of return T sut li nhun kinh t.
Economics Kinh t hc.
Economic surplus Thng d kinh t.
Tnh kinh t nh qui m; Li th kinh t nh
Economies of scale
quy m.
Economic theory of polities L thuyt chnh tr da trn kinh t.
Economic union Cng ng kinh t.
Economic welfare Phc li kinh t.
Tnh kinh t nh hc hnh; Li ch kinh t do
Economies of learning
hc tp
Economy of high wages Nn kinh t c tin cng cao.
Effective demand Cu hu hiu.
Effective Hiu dng, hiu qu.
Effective rate of protection T l bo h hu dng; Thu bo h hu hiu.
Effective rate of tax Mc thu hu dng; Thu sut h hu hiu.
Effective protection Bo h hu dng; Bo h hu hiu.
Effective rate of return Sut sinh li hiu dng.
Efficiency Tnh hiu qu; Tnh hiu dng.
Efficiency coefficient of investment H s hiu qa u t.
Efficiency earnings Thu nhp hiu qu.
Efficiency units n v hiu qu.
Tin cng hiu qu; tin lng hiu dng/ hiu
Efficiency wages
qu.
Efficiency wage theory L thuyt tin cng hiu qu.
Efficient asset market Th trng ti sn c hiu dng/ hiu qu.
Efficient market hypothesis Gi thuyt v th trng c hiu qu.
Efficient resource allocation S phn b ngun lc c hiu qu
Effort aversion Ngn n lc; Khng thch n lc.
Xem EUROPEAN FREE TRADE
EFTA
ASSOCIATION
EIB Xem EUROPEAN INVESTMENT BANK.
Elastic and unit elastic demand Nhu cu co gin v co gin mt n v.
Inelastic and unit elastic demand
Elasticity co gin
Elasticity of demand co gin ca cu.
Elasticity of input substitution co gin ca s thay th u vo.
Eligible asset ratio T s ti sn d tr.
Eligible paper Giy t tiu chun chit khu.
Elitist good Hng xa x
EMA Xem EUROPEAN MONETARY AGREEMENT
Tin b k thut ni hm; Tin b hm cha
Embodied technical progress
k thut.
Emoluments Khon th lao; Th lao ngoi lng chnh
Endogeneous consumption Tiu dng ni sinh.
Employee Stock Ownership plan (ESOP) K hoch S hu c phn cho ngi lm.
Employment Act of 1946 o lut Vic lm nm 1946
Employment Service Dch v vic lm.
Employment subsidies Tr cp vic lm.
EMS Xem EUROPEAN MONETARY SYSTEM
Php kim nghim vy; Php kim nghim
Encompassing test
vng bin.
Endogenous income hypothesis Gi thit thu nhp ni sinh
Endogenous money supply Cung tin t ni sinh.
Endogenous variable Bin ni sinh.
Endowment effect Hiu ng hng c.
Energy intensity Cng s dng nng lng.
Enfranchisement of the nomenklatura c quyn ca gii chc.
Engagements Tuyn dng (hay thu mi).
Engel curve ng Engel.
Engel's Law Quy lut ca Engel.
Engineering method Phng php k thut.
Entitlement principle Nguyn tc c quyn.
Entrepreneur Ch doanh nghip.
Entrepreneurial supply price Gi cung ng ca doanh nghip.
Entrepreneurship Kh nng, s lm ch ca doanh nghip.
Entry barriers Ro cn nhp nghnh.
Entry and exit Nhp nghnh v xut ngnh.
Entry forestalling price Gi ngn chn nhp ngnh.
Entry preventing price Gi ngn chn nhp ngnh.
Environmental conditions Nhng iu kin mi trng.
Environmental determinism Quyt nh lun do mi trng.
Environmental impact analysis Phn tch tc ng mi trng.
EPU
Equal advantage Li th bnh ng, Li th ngang bng.
Equal Employment Opportunity Act of o lut v c hi vic lm /bnh ng/ngang
1972 bng nm 1972.
Equal Employment Opportunity U ban C hi vic lm bnh ng/ngang
Commision bng.
Equalization grants Cc khon tr cp cn bng.
Equalizing differences, the theory of Lhuyt cn bng chnh lch
Equal pay Tr lng ngang nhau; tr lng bnh ng.
L thuyt hy sinh ngang nhau; l thuyt hy
Equal sacrifice theories
sinh bnh ng.
Equation of exchange Phng trnh trao i.
Equilibrium Cn bng
Equilibrium error Sai s cn bng
Equilibrium level of national income Mc cn bng ca thu nhp quc gia
Equilibrium price Gi cn bng
Equilibrium rate of inflation T l lm pht cn bng.
Equities C phn
Equity Cng bng
Equity capital Vn c phn
Thang/h s/ t l/qui m qui i mc sng
Equivalance scale
tng ng; Quy m tng ng.
Thang/h s/ t l/qui m qui i hng ho
Equivalent commodity scale
tiu dng tng ng.
Thang/h s/ t l/qui m qui i thu nhp
Equivalent income scale
tng ng
Equivalent variation Mc bin ng tng ng
Cc m hnh hiu chnh sai s; Cc m hnh
Error correction models (ECMs)
sa cha sai s.
Error learning process Qu trnh nhn bit sai s.
Sai s trong bin s (hay sai s trong cc
Errors variables
php o).
Escalators iu khon di ng gi.
Estate duty Thu di sn (thu ti sn tha k).
Estate economy Nn kinh t n in.
Estimation S c lng.
Estimator Phng thc c lng; c lng.
EUA Xem EUROPEAN UNIT OF ACCOUNT
Euler's theorem nh l Euler
Eurocurrency market Th trng tin t Chu U.
Eurodollars ola Chu u.
European Agricultural Guidance and Qu Bo m v Hng dn Nng nghip
Guaranted Fund Chu u.
European Bank for Reconstruction and
Ngn hng ti thit v Pht trin Chu U.
Development
European Coal and Steel Community Cng ng Than v thp Chu u.
European Community Budget Ngn sch Cng ng Chu u.
European Commom Market Th trng chung Chu u.
European Community Cng ng Chu u.
European Currency Unit n v tin t Chu u.
European Devolopment Fund Qu pht trin Chu u.
European Economic Community Cng ng Kinh t Chu u.
European Free Trade Association Hip hi Mu dch t do Chu u.
European Fund Qu Chu u.
European Investment Bank Ngn hng u t Chu u.
European Monetary Agreement Hip nh tin t Chu u.
European Monetary Co-operation Fund Qu hp tc Tin t Chu U.
European Monetary Fund Qu Tin t Chu U.
European Monetary System (EMS) H thng tin t chu u.
European Monetary Unit of Account n v K ton Tin t Chu u.
European Payments Union Lin minh Thanh ton Chu u.
European Recovery Programme. Chng trnh Phc hng Chu u.
European Regional Development Fund. Qu Pht trin Khu vc Chu u.
European Social Fund. Qu X hi Chu U.
European Unit of Account n v K ton Chu u.
Exact test Kim nghim chnh xc.
Ex ante T trc; D tnh; d nh
Cng sut d; cng sut tha; Tha nng lc,
Excess capacity
tha cng sut.
L thuyt cng sut d/tha; Thuyt tha
Excess capacity theory
cng sut.
Excess burden Gnh nng thu qu mc.
Excess demand Mc cu d; D cu.
Excess productive capacity (Idle Excess
T liu sn xut nhn ri.
goods)
Excess reserves Khon d tr d; D tr d.
Excess supply Mc cung d; D cung
Excess profit Li vt.
Thu chng lng vt; Thu chng tng
Excess wage tax
lng
Exchange Trao i
Exchange control Qun l ngoi hi.
Exchange Equalization Account Qu bnh n Hi oi.
Exchange rate T gi hi oi.
Exchange rate Mechanism C ch t gi hi oi.
Exchange reserves D tr ngoi hi.
Exchequer Kho bc, ngn kh Anh.
Excise duty Thu tiu th c bit.
Exclusion Loi tr
Excludable C th loi tr.
Exclusion principle Nguyn tc loi tr.
Executive Ngi iu hnh.
Exempt goods Hng ho c min thu gi tr gia tng.
Exhaustive voting Cch b phiu thu o.
Existence, theorem of nh l v s tn ti.
Exit-voice model M hnh ni rt lui.
Excise taxes Cc mc thu trn tng mt hng.
Exchange rate speculation S u c t gi hi oi.
Effective exchange rate T gi hi oi hiu dng
Exogeneity Yu t ngoi sinh.
Exogeneity of money supply S ngoi sinh ca cung tin t.
Exogenous (thuc) ngoi sinh.
Exogenous variable Bin ngoi sinh.
Giai on bnh trng; Giai on tng
Expansionary phase
trng.
Expansion path ng bnh trng; ng m rng
Expatriate Chuyn gia (t cc nc pht trin)
Expectations K vng; d tnh.
Expectations, augmented Bin b sung v d tnh.
Expectations lag tr k vng; tr d tnh
Expected inflation Mc lmp pht k vng; Lm pht d tnh
Mc li tc rng k vng; Li tc rng d
Expected net returns
tnh.
L thuyt tho dng k vng; Thuyt tho
Expected utility theory
dng d tnh.
Expected value Gi tr k vng; gi tr d tnh.
Expenditure approach Phng php da vo chi tiu ( tnh GDP).
Expenditure-switching policies Cc chnh sch chuyn i chi tiu.
Expenditure tax Thu chi tiu
Kim sot mc bin ng trong chi tiu; Kim
Expenditure-variation controls
sot s thay i ca chi tiu.
Expense preference u tin chi tiu.
Explanatory variable Bin gii thch
Explicit function Hm hin
Exploitation Khai thc; bc lt.
Explosive cycle Chu k bng n.
Exponential Thuc s m, thuc hm m.
Export Xut khu, hng xut khu.
Export-import bank Ngn hng xut nhp khu.
Export-led growth Tng trng da vo xut khu.
Export promotion Khuyn khch xut khu.
Export Credit Guarantee Department. Cc Bo m tn dng xut khu.
Export-oriented industrialization Cng nghip ho theo hng xut khu.
Ex post t sau; sau
Extensive margin Mc cn bin qung canh.
External balace Cn bng i ngoi; Cn bng bn ngoi.
External deficit Thm ht i ngoi; Thm ht bn ngoi.
nh hng phi kinh t t bn ngoi; Tnh phi
External diseconomy
kinh t t bn ngoi
External economies & diseconomies of nh hng kinh t v phi kinh t t bn ngoi
scale theo quy m.
nh hng kinh t t bn ngoi; Tnh kinh t
External economy
t bn ngoi
External finance (Ngun) ti chnh t bn ngoi.
External financial limits Mc gii hn ngun ti chnh t bn ngoi.
Tng trng ngoi ng; Tng trng do bn
External growth
ngoi.
Externalities Cc ngoi hng; Cc ngoi ng
External labour market Th trng lao ng bn ngoi.
External reserve D tr ngoi hi.
Dynamic externalities Cc ngoi hng ng; Ngoi ng ng.
Extraneous information Thng tin khng lin quan
Extrapolative expectation K vng ngoi suy; Nhng d tnh ngoi suy.
Extrema Cc cc tr.
Extrema Keynesian Ngi theo thuyt Keynes cc oan.
Tin b k thut gia tng nh hng ca yu
Factor augmenting technical progress
t.
Ngun lc sn c; Ngun ti nguyn sn c;
Factor endowment S s hu cc yu t sn xut; tnh sn c,
lng cc yu t sn xut.
Factor incomes Thu nhp t yu t sn xut.
Factoring Bao thanh ton; mua n; Gii thot n.
Factor-price equalization S cn bng yu t sn xut - gi c.
Factor-price frontier Gii hn yu t sn xut - gi c.
Mc / cng huy ng (s dng) cc
Factor intensity
yu t sn xut.
Factor proportion T l cc yu t sn xut.
Factor reverals S o ngc cc yu t sn xut.
Factors of production Cc yu t sn xut.
Factor substitution effect Tc ng thay th yu t sn xut.
Factor utilization S s dng yu t sn xut.
Factorial Giai tha.
Fair comparisons So snh cng ng.
Fair rate of return T sut li tc cng bng.
Fair trade law Lut thng mi cng bng.
Fair trading Act 1973 o lut thng mi cng bng 1973
Fair trading, Office of Vn phng thng mi cng bng.
Fair wages Tin cng cng bng.
Ngu bin v hp th; 'Khi nim "sai lm do
Fallacy of composition
gm gp/ tng hp".
False trading Thng mi la di.
Family expenditure survey iu tra chi tiu gia nh.
Family credit Tn dng gia nh.
(kinh t) nng nghip theo h gia nh; Nng
Family-unit agriculture
nghip theo n v gia nh.
Xem FOOD AND AGRICULTURE
FAO
ORGANIZATION.
Xem FINANCIAL ACCOUNT STANDARDS
FASB
BOARD
FCI Xem FINANCE FOR INDUSTRY.
Featherbedding Bo h, bo v; To vic lm (nhi lng nm).
Fed., the T vit tt ca h thng d tr lin bang.
Federal Deposit Insurance Corporation
Cng ty bo him tin gi Lin bang.
(FDIC)
Federal Fund Market Th trng Tin qu lin Bang.
Federal Home Loan Bank System H thng ngn hng cho vay ni b ca lin
(FHLBS) bang.
Feasibility study Nghin cu kh thi.
Federal Nation Mortgage Association
Hip hi Cm c Quc gia lin bang
(FNMA)
Federal Open Market Committee U ban Th trng m Lin bang.
Federal Reserve Note Chng n ca Cc d tr Lin Bang
Federal Reserve System H thng D tr Lin bang.
Federal Trade Commission Act o lut v Hi ng thng mi Lin bang.
Feedback/entrapment effects Tc ng phn hi/by.
Feudalism Ch ngha phong kin.
Fiat money Tin theo lut nh
Fiduciary issue Tin khng c bo lnh.
Filter B lc.
Filtering Qu trnh lc.
Final goods Hng ho cui cng.
Final offer arbitration (Phng n) trng ti ra quyt nh cui cng.
Final product Sn phm cui cng.
Finance Ti chnh
Finance Corporation for Industry Cng ty Ti chnh Cng nghip.
Finance house Nh cung cp ti chnh; Cng ty ti chnh.
Th trng cc nh cung cp ti chnh; Th
Finance houses market
trng cng ty ti chnh.
Financial Capital Vn ti chnh.
Financial instrument Cng c ti chnh.
Financial displine Nguyn tc ti chnh; K thut ti chnh.
Financial intermediary Trung gian ti chnh.
Financial price Gi ti chnh.
Financial ratios T s ti chnh.
Financial risk Ri ro ti chnh.
Ch s gi c phiu thng k ca bo Financial
Financial Times Actuaries Share Indices
Times.
Financial Times Industrial Ordinary Index Ch s cng nghip ca bo Financial Times.
Financial year Nm ti chnh.
Financial statement Bo co ti chnh.
Financial rate of return Sut sinh li ti chnh.
Finite memory B nh xc nh (hu hn).
Firm Hng sn xut.
Firm, theory of the L thuyt v hng.
Finite horizon Tm nhn/ khung tri hu hn.
Firm-specific human capital Vn nhn lc c th i vi hng.
Fist-best and second-best efficiency Tnh hiu dng / hiu qu tt nht v tt nh.
First difference Vi phn bc I.
First order condition iu kin o hm bc I.
Chnh sch thu kho; Chnh sch thu chi
Fiscal policy
ngn sch.
S phn cp thu kho; S phn cp ngn
Fiscal decentralization
sch.
Fiscal drag Sc cn ca thu kho.
Fiscal federalism Ch ti kho theo m hnh lin bang.
Fiscal illusion o gic thu kho.
Fiscal multiplier Nhn t thu kho.
Fiscal walfare benefits Li ch phc li thu kho.
Fisher equation Phng trnh Fisher
Fisher open Xem UNCOVERED INTEREST PARITY.
Fixed asset Ti sn c nh.
Fixed coenfficients production function Hm sn xut c cc h s c nh.
Fixed cost Chi ph c nh; nh ph.
Fixed exchange rate T gi hi oi c nh.
Cc yu t sn xut c nh; cc sn t c
Fixed factors
nh.
Fixed labour costs Chi ph lao ng c nh.
Fixed-price mdel Cc m hnh mc gi c nh.
Fixed / floating exchange rates T gi hi oi c nh / th ni.
Fixed proportions in production T l c nh trong sn xut.
Fixprice and flexprice Gi bt bin v gi linh hot.
Flat yield Tin li ng lot.
Flexible exchange rate T gi hi oi linh hot.
Flexitime Thi gian lm vic linh hot.
Flight from cash B tin mt.
Float Tin tri ni.
Floating capital Vn lun chuyn.
Floating charge Ph linh ng
Floating debt N th ni
Floating exchange rate T gi hi oi th ni.
Floating pound ng bng Anh th ni.
Floor Sn.
Flotation Pht hnh.
Flow Dng, lung, Lu lng.
Flow of funds analysis Phn tch lung tin qu
FOB Gi khng tnh ph vn ti, gi FOB.
T chc Lng thc v Nng nghip ca Lin
Food and Agriculture Organization (FAO)
hp quc.
Footloose industries Ngng rng cng; Ngnh khng c nh.
"footsie"
Forced riders Ngi hng li bt buc.
Forced saving Tit kim bt buc.
Forecast error Sai s d on.
Forecasting D on
Foreign aid Vin tr nc ngoi.
Foreign balance Cn cn thanh ton quc t.
Foreign exchange Ngoi hi.
Foreign exchange market Th trng Ngoi hi.
Foreign exchange reserve D tr ngoi hi.
Foreign investment u t nc ngoi.
Foreign payments Thanh ton vi nc ngoi.
Foreign trade mutiplier Nhn t ngoi thng.
Forward contract Hp ng nh trc; Hp ng k hn.
Th trng hi oi nh trc; Th trng hi
Forward exchange market
oi k hn.
Forward intergration Lin kt xui.
Forward linkage Lin h xui.
Forward market Th trng nh trc; Th trng k hn.
T gi hi oi nh trc; t gi hi oi k
Forward rate
hn.
Forward and contingent market Cc th trng nh trc v bt trc.
Cc th trng nh trc v th trng giao
Forward markets and spots markets
ngay.
Foundation grant Tr cp c bn.
Fourier analysis Phn tc Fourier
Hot ng ngn hng bng cch d tr theo
Fractional reserve banking
t l.
Franked investment income Thu nhp u t c min thu.
Free exchange rates T gi hi oi t do
Freedom of entry T do nhp ngnh.
Freed good Hng min ph; Hng khng phi tr tin
Free market Th trng t do.
Free market economy Nn kinh t th trng t do.
Free on board Giao hng ti bn.
Free reserves D tr t do.
Free rider Ngi xi cha; ngi n khng.
Free trade Thng mi t do.
Free trade area Khu vc thng mi t do.
Frequency distribution Phn b theo tn sut.
Frictional unemployment Tht nghip do ch chuyn ngh
Fringe benefit Phc li phi tin t.
Frisch, Ragnar (1895-1973)
F-statistic Thng k F.
Full bodied money Tin quy c.
Full cost Chi ph y .
Full cost pricing nh gi theo chi ph y .
Fractional reserve system H thng d tr mt phn.
Free-rider problem Vn ngi "xi cha".
Tht nghip do ch chuyn ngh v do ch
Frictional and structural unemployment
chuyn ngh.
Ngn sch mc nhn cng ton dng; Ngn
Full-employment budget
sch khi c vic lm.
Thng d ngn sch mc nhn cng ton
Full-employment budget surplus
dng; Thng d ngn sch khi c vic lm.
Thu nhp quc dn mc nhn cng ton
Full-employment national income
dng; Thu nhp quc dn khi c vic lm.
T l tht nghip t nhin mc nhn cng
Full-employment unemployment rate ton dng; T l tht nghip t nhin khi c
vic lm.
Full information maximum likehood c lng kh nng cc i khi c thng
(FIML) tin.
Function Hm s.
Fuctional costing Lp chi ph theo chc nng.
Function of function rule Quy tc hm ca mt hm s.
Funded debt N v thi hn; N c ti tr.
Funding i n, o n; cp vn, ti tr.
Function income distribution Phn phi thu nhp theo chc nng.
Futures contract Hp ng k hn
Futures market Th trng k hn
Future value Gi tr tng lai.
General Arangement to borrow (GAB) Hip c vay n chung.
Gains from trade Li ch ca thng mi.
Galloping inflation Lm pht phi m.
Game theory L thuyt tr chi.
Gauss- Markov Theorem inh l Gauss- Markov.
GDP Tng sn phm quc ni.
Gearing S n khp, t s gia vn n v vn c phn
Gearing ratio T s n khp
General Agreement of Tariffs and Trade
Hip nh chung v thu quan v thng mi.
(GATT)
General Agreement to Borrow Tho thun Chung v i vay.
General equilibrium Cn bng chung; Cn bng tng th.
General grant Tr cp chung.
Generalized least square (GLS) Bnh phng nh nht tng qut.
General linear model (GLM) M hnh tuyn tnh tng qut.
Generalized System of Preferences H thng u i ph cp; H thng u i
(GSP) chung.
General price level Mc gi chung.
General Theory of Employment, Interest L thuyt tng qut v Vic lm, Li sut v
and Money Tin t.
Vn nhn lc mang c im chung; vn nhn
General human capital
lc chung chung.
General union Cc nghip on.
Geneva Conference Hi ngh Geneva.
Geneva Round Vng m phn Geneva.
Geographic frontier Gii hn a l.
Geometric lag tr cp s nhn.
Gilbrat's law of proportionate growth Lut Gilbrat v tng trng theo t l.
Giffen good Hng ho Giffen
Gifts tax Thu qu tng.
Chng khon vin vng; Chng khon ho
Gilt- edged securities
hng.
Gini coefficient H s GINI.
Giro system H thng chuyn khon Giro
Glejser test Kim nh Glejser.
GNP Tng sn phm quc dn.
Gold bricking Hot ng la di.
Gold certificate Giy chng gi vng.
"gold age" growth Tng trng "thi k hong kim".
Golden rule Nguyn tc vng; Quy tc vng.
Nguyn tc vng v tch lu; Quy tc vng ca
Golden rule of accumulation
tch lu.
Gold exchange standard Bn v trao i bng vng.
Gold export point im xut khu vng.
Gold import point im nhp khu vng.
Goldfeld - Quandt Kim nh Goldfeld - Quandt.
Gold market Th trng vng.
Gold points Cc im vng.
GDP and nation income GDP v thu nhp quc dn.
GDP at factor cost GDP theo chi ph sn xut.
GDP at market prices GDP theo gi th trng.
GDP deflator H s kh lm pht cho GDP.
Gold reserve D tr vng.
Gold standard Bn v vng.
Goldbugs Nhng con mt vng.
Goodhart's law Lut Goodhart.
Goodness of fit Mc ph hp.
Goods Cc hng ho tt.
Goodwill Thin ch.
Gosplan U ban k hoch (Lin X).
Government deficit Thm ht ca Chnh ph.
Government expenditure Chi tiu ca chnh ph.
Government Nation Mortgage
Hip hi cm c quc gia ca Chnh ph.
Association (GNMA)
Government regulation S iu tit ca chnh ph.
Government securities Chng khon ca chnh ph.
Government spending and net taxes Chi tiu ca chnh ph v thu rng.
Government spending on goods and Chi tiu ca chnh ph cho hng ho v dch
services v.
Trng phi tun tin; Ch ngha tun tin;
Gradualism
thuyt tun tin.
Gradualist monetarist Ngi theo thuyt trng tin tun tin.
Graduate tax Thu i hc
Grand factor price frontier Gii hn gi c nhn t chnh.
Grandfather clause iu khon dnh cho nhng ngi c chc.
Granger causality Tnh nhn qa Granger.
Grant Tr cp.
Grant in aid Tr cp di dng vin tr.
Gravity model M hnh lc hp dn.
"Great Leap Forward" i nhy vt
Green pound ng bng xanh
Green revolution Cch mng Xanh.
Gresham's Law Lut Gresham.
Gross barter terms of trade Tng t l hng i hng.
Gross domestic fixed capital formation Tng t bn c nh trong nc.
Gross domestic product (GDP) Tng sn phm quc ni.
Ch s kh lm pht cho tng sn phm quc
Gross domestic product deflator
ni.
Gross investment Tng u t.
Gross margin Mc chnh gi gp.
Gross national income Tng thu nhp quc dn.
Gross profit Tng li nhun
Gross trading profit Tng li nhun thng mi.
Group of Ten Nhm G10.
Group of Seven Nhm G7.
Group of 77 Nhm 77.
Growth-gap unemployment Tht nghip do chnh lch v tng trng.
Growth path ng tng trng.
Growth-profitability function Hm li nhun - tng trng.
Growth-stock paradox Nghch l c phn tng trng.
Growth theories of the firm Cc l thuyt v s tng trng ca hng.
Growth theory L thuyt tng trng.
Growth rate Tc tng trng.
Growth-valuation function Hm gi tr - tng trng.
G.7 Xem GROUP OF SEVEN
Guaranteed week Tun l bo m.
Guidelines Nguyn tc ch o.
Guidepost following behaviour Hnh vi theo hng ch dn.
Guideposts Cc ch dn.
Haavelmo, Trygve (1911-)
Haberler, Gottfried (1900-)
Habit-creating demand function Hm cu do thi quen.
Halesbury Committee U ban Halesbury.
Hammered B g ba.
Hedgers Nhng ngi t bo him.
Hard-core unemployed Nhng ngi tht nghip kh tm vic lm.
Hard currency Tin mnh.
Harmony of interests Hi ho quyn li.
Harrod, Sir Roy, F. (1900-1978).
Harrod-Domar growth model M hnh tng trng Harrod-Domar.
Harrod Neutral Technical Progress Tin b k thut trung tnh ca Harrod.
Havana Charter iu l Havana.
Hayek, Friedrich A.Von (1899-1992).
Heckscher-Ohlin approach to Phung php Heckscher-Ohlin v thng mi
international trade quc t.
Hedging Lp hng ro.
Hedonic price Gi n.
Hedonism Ch ngha khoi lc.
Herfindahl index Ch s Herfindahl.
Heterogeneity Tnh khng ng nht.
Heterogeneous capital Vn khng ng nht.
Heterogeneous product Sn phm khng ng nht.
Heteroscedasticity Hip phng sai khng ng nht.
Hicks. Sir John R. (1904-1989).
Hicks-Hansen diagram Biu Hicks-Hansen.
Hicks Neutral Technical Progress Tin b k thut trung tnh Hicks.
Hidden unemployment Tht nghip n.
High-powered money Tin mnh.
Hiring rate T l thu.
Hiring standards Cc tiu chun thu ngi.
Histogram Biu tn xut.
Historical costs Chi ph lch s.
Historical model Cc m hnh lch s.
Historical school Trng phi lch s.
Historicism Ch ngha lch s.
Hoarding u c tch tr.
Hoarding company Cng ty nm gi.
Homogeneity Tnh thun nht, tnh ng nht.
Homogeneous functions Cc hm ng nht.
Homogeneous product Sn phm ng nht.
Homogeneous product functin Cc hm sn xut ng nht.
Homoscedasticity Hip phng sai ng nht.
Horizontal equity Cng bng theo phng ngang.
Horizontal intergration Lin kt theo phng ngang.
Horizontal / vertical / conglomerate
Hp nht theo tuyn ngang/ dc/ kt khi.
merger
Hot money Tin nng.
Hotelling's Rule Quy tc Hotelling.
Housing benefit Li nhun nh .
Human capital Vn nhn lc.
Hume, David (1711-1776)
Hunt Commission U ban Hunt.
Hunt Report Bo co Hunt.
Hiperbola Hypecbn
Hyperinflation Siu lm pht.
Hypothesis testing Kim nh gi thuyt.
Hysteresis Hin tng tr.
Human wealth Ca ci ca con ngi.
ICOR T l bin t gia vn v sn lng.
IBBD Ngn hng Ti thit v Pht trin.
Cng ty Ti chnh Cng nghip v Thng
ICFC
mi.
IDA Hip hi Pht trin quc t.
Identification problem Bi ton nhn dng.
Identity ng nht thc.
Identity matrix Ma trn n v.
National Income Identities ng nht thc ca thu nhp quc dn.
Idiosyncratic exchange Trao i tnh cht ring; trao i t cht.
Idle balances Tin nhn ri.
Illiquidity Khng tnh chuyn hon.
Ilo Vn phng Lao ng Quc t.
Imaginary number S o.
IMF Qu tin t quc t.
Imitative growth Tng trng m phng.
Immiserizing growth Tng trng lm khn kh.
Impact analysis Phn tch tc ng.
Impact multiplier S nhn tc ng
Impact of taxation Tc ng ca vic nh thu.
Imperfect competition Cnh tranh khng hon ho.
Imperfect market Th trng khng hon ho.
Imperialism Ch ngha quc.
Implementation lag tr thc hin.
Implicit contracts Cc hp ng n.
Implicit cost Chi ph n.
Implicit function Hm n.
Implicit price deflator Ch s gim pht gi n.
Implicit rental value Gi tr tin thu n.
Import Hng nhp khu.
Import duty Thu nhp khu.
Import quota Hn ngch nhp khu.
Import restrictions Cc hn ch nhp khu.
Import substitution Thay th nhp khu.
Import tariff Thu quan nhp khu.
Cng nghip ho bng thay th hng nhp
Import substitution industrialization
khu.
nh l v tnh bt kh th; nh l v iu
Impossibility Theorem
khng th c.
Impure public good Hng ho cng cng khng thun tu.
Imputed rent Tin thu khng quy i.
Inactive money Tin nhn ri.
Incentive payment systems H thng thanh ton khuyn khch.
Phm vi tc ng ca vic nh thu, i
Incidence of taxation
tng chu thu.
Income Thu nhp
Income, circular flow of Lung lun chuyn ca thu nhp.
Income consumption curve ng tiu dng thu nhp.
Income determination Xc nh thu nhp.
Income differentials S khc bit v thu nhp.
Income effect Hiu ng thu nhp, nh hng thu nhp.
Income distribution Phn phi thu nhp.
Income elasticity of demand Co gin ca cu theo thu nhp.
Income - expenditure model M hnh thu nhp - chi tiu
Income maintenance Duy tr thu nhp.
Income effect of wages nh hng thu nhp ca lng.
Phng php da theo thu nhp ( tnh
Income approach
GDP).
Income-sales ratio T s thu nhp / doanh thu.
Incomes policy Chnh sch thu nhp.
nh hng ca thu nhp v nh hng ca
Income and substitution effect
thay th.
Income support Tr gip thu nhp.
Income tax Thu thu nhp
Income statement Bo co thu nhp / Bn thu nhp.
Income terms of trade T gi thng mi theo thu nhp
Income velocity of circulation Tc lu thng ca thu nhp.
Increasing returns to scale Li tc tng dn theo quy m.
Incremental capital-output ratio T s vn/ sn lng tng thm (ICOR).
Independent variable Bin c lp.
Indexation Phng php ch s ho.
Indexation of tax allowances and Ch s ho vic tr cp thu v vic nh
taxation. thu.
Index number S ch s.
Index number problem Vn ch s.
Indicative planning K hoch ho ch dn.
Index of distortion Ch s bin dng / bp mo / sai lch.
Indifference Bng quan
Indifference curve ng bng quan, ng ng dng.
H ng bng quan, bn ng ng
Indifference map
dng.
Indirect least squares (ILS) Bnh phng ti thiu gin tip.
Indirect taxes Thu gin thu.
Indirect utility function Hm tho dng gin tip.
Tnh bt kh chia; Tnh khng th phn chia
Indivisibilities
c.
Industrial action Trng pht lao ng.
Industrial and Commercial Finance Cng ty Ti chnh Cng nghip v Thng
Corporation mi.
Industrial bank Ngn hng cng nghip.
Industrial complex analysis Phn tch t hp cng nghip.
Industrial democracy Dn ch cng nghip
Industrial Development Certificate Chng ch Pht trin cng nghip.
Industrial dispute Tranh chp lao ng
Industrial concentration S tp trung cng nghip.
Inductive reasoning Lp lun quy np.
Industrial policy Chnh sch cng nghip.
Industrial inertia Tnh cng nghip.
Cng nghip ho ( cc nc ang pht
Industrialization
trin).
Industrial organization T chc cng nghip
Industrial relation Cc quan h lao ng.
Industrial Reorganization Corporation Cng ty ci t cng nghip.
Industrial unions Nghip on theo ngnh.
Industrial wage differentials Chnh lch v tin cng gia cc ngnh.
Industrial wage structure C cu tin cng theo ngnh.
Industry Ngnh cng nghip.
Industry-wide bargaining Thng lng trong ton ngnh.
Inelastic Khng co gin.
Inequality Bt ng thc.
Infant industry Ngnh cng nghip non tr.
Infant industry argument for protection Lun im bo h ngnh cng nghip non tr.
Lun im v lp thu quan bo h ngnh
Infant industry tariff argument
cng nghip non tr.
Inference Suy lun
Inferior good Hng ho h ng; hng ho th cp
Infinite memory B nh v hn.
Inflation Lm pht.
Inflation, suppressed Lm pht b nn.
Inflation accounting Hch ton lm pht.
H cch / khong trng lm pht, chnh lch
Inflationary gap
lm pht.
Infinitely elastic Co gin hon ton.
Inflationary spiral Vng xoy c ca lm pht.
Inflation subsidy Tr cp lm pht.
Inflation tax Thu lm pht.
Informal sector Khu vc khng chnh thc.
Information Thng tin
Information matrix Ma trn Thng tin.
Inflation rate T l lm pht.
Inflation-adjusted budget Ngn sch c iu chnh theo lm pht.
Informative economy analysis Phn tch thng tin kinh t.
Infra-marginal externality Ngoi ng bin.
Infrastructure H tng c s.
Inheritance tax Thu tha k.
Initial claims series Nhm ngi yu cu u tin.
Injections S bm tin.
In-kind redistribution Phn phi li bng hin vt.
Inland bill Hi phiu ni a.
Innovations Pht kin; sng kin
Input u vo.
Input orientation nh hng theo u vo.
Cn tr v tnh i vi vic nhp ngnh; Cn
Innocent entry barrier
tr ngu nhin i vi vic nhp ngnh.
u vo - u ra (I-O), bng cn i lin
Input - output
ngnh.
Inside lag tr bn trong.
Inside money Tin bn trong.
Insider - outsider Ngi trong cuc - ngi ngoi cuc.
Insider - outsider model M hnh Ngi trong cuc - ngi ngoi cuc.
Insolvency Tnh trng khng tr c n.
Instalment credit Tn dng tr dn.
Institutional economics Kinh t hc th ch.
Institutional training o to th ch.
Instrumental variables Cc bin cng c (IV).
Instruments Cc cng c.
Insurance Bo him
Insurance premium Tin ng bo him.
Intangible assets Ti sn v hnh.
Intangible capital Vn v hnh.
Integer S nguyn
Integerated economy Nn kinh t lin kt.
Integerated time series Chui thi gian c ly tch phn.
Integration Tch phn ho.
Intended inventory investment u t vo hng tn kho c ch
Intensive margin Gii hn thm canh.
Inter-Bank Market Th trng Lin ngn hng.
Intercept H s chn.
Interdependent utility tho dng ph thuc ln nhau.
Interdistrict Settlement Account (or Fund) Ti khon (hay qu) Thanh ton lin vng.
Interest Tin li, li sut.
Interest equalization tax Thuu san bng li sut.
Interest sensitivity nhy theo li sut.
Intergenerational equity Cng bng gia cc th h.
Intergovernmental grants Cc tr cp lin chnh quyn.
Cc ban gim c chung, cc ban gim c
Interlocking directorates
kt hp.
Intermediate areas Cc vng trung gian.
Intermediate goods Hng ho trung gian.
Intermediate lag tr trung gian.
Intermediate technology Cng ngh trung gian.
Intermediate Technology Development
Nhm Pht trin Cng ngh trung gian.
Group
Intermediate variables Bin trung gian
Internal convertibility of soft currencies Kh nng chuyn i trong nc ca tin yu.
Internal drain S x tin trong nc.
Internal growth Tng trng nh ni ng.
Internalization Ni ho.
"internal" labuor market Th trng lao ng ni vi.
Internal finance Ti chnh bn trong.
Internal rate of return Ni sut sinh li
Internal wage differentials Cc mc chnh lch tin cng ni ti.
Internal balance Cn bng bn trong
External balance Cn bng bn ngoi.
International Bank for Reconstruction and
Ngb hng Ti thit v Pht trin Quc t.
Development
International cartel Cartel quc t.
International clearing unions Cc lin minh thanh ton quc t.
International commodity agreements Cc hip nh hng ho quc t.
International Development Association Hip hi pht trin quc t
International Development Co-operation
T chc hp tc pht trin quc t.
Agency (ID)
International division of labour S phn chia lao ng quc t.
International economics Kinh t hc quc t
International Finance Corporation Cng ty Ti chnh Quc t.
International debt crisis Khng hong n quc t.
International Labuor Office Vn phng Lao ng quc t.
International liquidity Thanh khon quc t.
International monetarism Ch ngha trng tin quc t.
International monetary Fund (IMF) - Qu tin t quc t.
International payments system H thng thanh ton quc t.
International Standard Industrial (ISIC)-Phn loi Ngnh Cng nghip theo
Classification C1683Tiu chun Quc t.
International trade Thng mi quc t.
International Trade Organization (ITO) - T chc thng mi quc t.
International Wheat Council Hi ng la m Quc t.
Interpersonal comparisons of utility So snh tho dng gia cc c nhn.
Interquartile range Khong cch gia cc t v phn v.
Interstate Commerce Act o lut thng mi gia cc tiu bang.
Intersection Giao
Interval estimation c lng khong.
"In the bank" "ti Ngn hng".
Inventories Hang tn kho, d tr.
Inventory cycle Chu k hng tn kho.
Inventory investment u t tn kho
Inverse function rule Quy tc hm ngc.
Investment u t.
Investment criteria Cc tiu chun u t.
Investment grants Tr cp u t.
Investment trust T-rt u t.
Investors in Industry Cc nh u t trong Cng nghip.
Invisible hand, the Bn tay v hnh.
Invisibles Khon v hnh
Involuntary unemployment Tht nghip khng t nguyn.
Iron law of wages Quy lut st v tin cng.
Irredeemable loan stock Lng cho vay khng tr c.
Irredeemable preference shares Cc c phiu u tin khng tr c.
Tnh bt kh o; Tnh khng th o ngc
Irreversibility
c.
IS curve ng IS
Phn loi Ngnh Cng nghip theo tiu
ISIC
chun Quc t.
Islamic Development Bank Ngn hng pht trin Hi gio.
IS- LM diagram Lc IS - LM.
Iso-cost curve ng ng ph.
Iso-outlay line ng ng chi.
Iso-product curve ng ng sn phm.
Iso-profit curve Cc ng ng nhun.
Isoquant ng lng.
Iso-revenue line (curve) ng ng thu.
Issued capital Vn pht hnh.
Issue department Cc pht hnh.
Issuing broker Ngi mi gii pht hnh.
Issuing house Nh pht hnh.
Issuing House Association Hip hi cc Nh pht hnh.
ITO T chc thng mi Quc t.
Inverse relation Tng quan nghch bin.
Invention and innovation Pht minh v pht kin.
Intra-industrial trade Thng mi trong ngnh.
Invention and official financing Can thip v ti tr chnh thc.
Investment demand schedule Biu nhu cu u t.
IOU money Tin da theo n.
IS and LM schedule Biu IS v LM.
J curve ng ch J
"jelly" capital Vn "mm do".
Jevon, W.Stanley (1835-1882)
Jobber Ngi bun bn chng khon.
Job cluster Nhm ngh.
Job competition theory Thuyt v cnh tranh vic lm.
Job creation To vic lm.
Job acceptance schedule Biu s ngi chp nhn cng vic.
Job dublication Vic lm kp.
Job evaluation nh gi vic lm.
Job search Tm kim vic lm.
Job search channels Cc knh tm vic.
Job shopping Chn vic lm.
Johnson, Harry Gordon (1923-77)
Joint probability distributions Cc phn phi xc sut kt hp.
Joint products Cc sn phm lin kt.
Joint profit maximination Ti a ho li nhun chung.
Joint stock company Cng ty c phn.
Joint venture Lin doanh.
Joint venture in European Countries Lin doanh cc nc ng u.
J - test Kim nh J.
Juglar cycle Chu k Juglar.
Justice as fairness Chn l nh l cng bng.
Just price Gi cng bng.
Junk bonds Tri phiu li sut cao.
Kahn, Richard F. (1905-1989)
Kaldor, Nicholas (1908-1986)
Kaldor - Hicks test Kim nh Kaldor - Hicks.
Kalecki, Micheal (1899-1970)
Kalman filtering Php lc Kalman.
Kantorovich, Leonid (1912-1986)
Kenedy Round Vng m phn Kenedy.
Key bargain Thng lng ch cht.
Keynes, John Maynard (1883-1946)
Keynes effect Hiu ng Keynes.
Keynesian cross im ct Keynes
Keynesian economics Kinh t hc trng phi Keynes
Keynesian Growth Theory L thuyt tn trng ca trng phi Keynes.
Keynes Plan K hoch Keynes.
Key rates Cc mc lng then cht.
Kinked demand curve ng cu gp khc.
Klein Goldberger model M hnh Klein Goldberger.
Klein, Lawrence R. (1920-)
Knife edge im ta mng manh.
Knight, Frank (1895-1973)
Kondratieff, Nicolai D. (1892-..?)
Koopmans, Tjalling (1910-1985)
Koych transformation Php bin i Koyck
Kuznets, Simon (1901-1985)
Labour Lao ng.
Labour augmenting technical progress Tin b k thut lm tng sc lao ng.
Labour economics Kinh t hc lao ng.
Labour force Lc lng lao ng.
Labour force participation rate T l tham gia Lc lng lao ng.
Labour hoarding Tch tr lao ng.
Labour force schedule Biu v lc lng lao ng
S dng nhiu lao ng, thm dng nhiu lao
Labour intensive
ng.
Labour market Th trng lao ng.
Labour power Sc lao ng.
Labour - saving techniques Cc k thut tit kim lao ng.
Labour's share T trng ca lao ng.
Labour standard Tiu chun lao ng.
Labour supply Cung lao ng.
Labour surplus economy Nn kinh t tha lao ng.
Labour theory of value L thuyt lao ng v gi tr.
Labour turnover Mc thay lao ng.
Laffer curve ng Laffer.
Lagged relationship Quan h tr.
Lagrangean technique Phng php nhn t Lagrange.
Laissez - faire Hc thuyt v nn kinh t t vn hnh.
Nn kinh t t vn hnh (chnh ph t can
Laissez - faire economy
thip).
Land t ai.
Land intensive S dng nhiu t.
Land reform and tenure Bo h v ci cch rung t.
Land tax Thu t.
Lange, Oscar (1904-1965)
Laspeyres price index Ch s gi Laspeyres.
Latin American Economic System H thng kinh t M Latinh.
Latin American Free Trade Association
Hip hi thng mi t do M latinh.
(LAFTA)
Lausanne School Trng phi Lausanne.
Law of demand Quy lut ca cu.
Law of diminishing returns Quy lut li tc gim dn.
Law of diminishing marginal utility Quy lut tho dng cn bin gim dn.
Law of variable proprerties Quy lut v cc c tnh bin i.
Law of one price Quy lut mt gi.
Layfield Report Bo co Layfield.
Layoffs Sa thi tm thi
Leading links principle Nguyn tc u mi hng u.
Leading sector Ngnh dn u.
Leakages Nhng khon r r.
Leap - frogging S nhy cc.
Learning Hc hi
learning by doing Hc qua hnh
Lease Thu
Phng sn xut da trn gi thnh thp
Least cost method of production
nht.
Least squares Phng php bnh phng nh nht.
Le Chatelier principle Nguyn tc Le Chatelier.
Lender of last resort Ngi cho vay cu cnh cui cng.
Leontief, Wassily W. (1906-)
Leontief inverse S nghch o Leontief.
Leontief paradox Nghch l Leontief.
Lerner, Abba P. (19031983).
Lerner case Tnh hung Lerner.
Lerner index Ch s Lerner
Leger tender Phng tin thanh ton hp php (lut nh).
Less devoloped countries (LDCs) Cc nc chm pht trin.
Letter of credit Th tn dng.
Level of significance Mc ngha.
Level field Sn chi cng bng / cng mt sn chi?
T phn vn vay; n by v ti chnh; T l
Leverage
vn vay so vi tng vn.
Lewis, Sir W.Arthur (1919-1991).
Lewis - Fei - Ranis model M hnh Lewis - Fei - Ranis.
Leveraged buy out (LBO) Tng vay bng cch thay c phn
Leveraged financing Ti tr n by.
Lexicographic preferences Th hiu thin lch.
Liabilities N.
Liberalism Ch ngha t do.
LIBOR Li sut lin ngn hng London.
Licensed deposit takers C quan c cp giy php nhn tin gi.
Gi thuyt v vng i, thu nhp theo vng
Life-cycle hypothesis
i / Chu k tui th sn phm.
Life-cycle oriented expectation K vng nh hng theo chu k i ngi.
"Lifeboat" "Thuyn cu sinh".
Likehood function Hm hp l
Likehood ratio test (LD) Kim nh t s hp l.
Limited company Cng ty trch nhim hu hn.
Limited dependent variables Cc bin s ph thuc hn ch.
Limited information (LI) Thng tin hn ch.
Limited liability Trch nhim hu hn.
Limit pricing nh gi gii hn.
Lindahl model M hnh Lindahl.
Linder thesis Thuyt Linder.
Linear combination T hp tuyn tnh.
Linear dependence Ph thuc tuyn tnh
Linear estimator c lng tuyn tnh.
Linear expenditure systems Cc h thng chi tiu tuyn tnh.
Linear function Hm tuyn tnh.
Linear nomogenous ng nht tuyn tnh.
Linear probability model M hnh xc sut tuyn tnh.
Linear programming Quy hoch tuyn tnh.
Ti sn d hon chuyn; Ti sn lng; ti sn
Liquid asset
d thanh tiu .
Liquid assets ratio T l ti sn d hon chuyn.
Liquidation Pht mi.
Liquility Kh nng chuyn hon.
Liquidity Tnh thanh ton, thanh tiu.
Liquidity preference S a thch ti sn d thanh tiu
Liquidity ratio T s v kh nng hon chuyn
Liquidity trap By tin mt; By thanh khon.
Listed securities Cc chng khon yt gi.
Little - Mirrlees method Phng php Little - Mirrlees.
LM curve ng LM.
Loan Khon cho vay.
Loanable funds Cc qu c th cho vay.
Loan capital Vn vay.
Loan stock S vn vay.
Loan facility Chng trnh cho vay.
Local authorities' market Th trng ca chnh quyn a phng.
Local finance Ti chnh a phng.
Local labour market Th trng lao ng a phng.
Local mutiplier S nhn a phng
Local public good Hng ho cng cng a phng.
Locational integration Lin kt theo v tr.
Locational interdependence S ph thuc ln nhau v v tr.
Location quotient Thng s v tr.
Location theory L thuyt v v tr.
Locking - in effect Hiu ng kt
lockout S ng ca gy p lc (i vi cng nhn).
Logarithm Lgart
Logistic function Hm Lgistic
Logit analysis Php phn tch lgit
Log-linear Tuyn tnh lgarit
Logolling S trao i phiu bu; b phiu gian ln.
Lombard Street Ph Lombard.
Lom Convention Cng c Lom.
Long-dated securities Cc chng khon di hn.
Long-haul economies Tnh kinh t theo qung ng.
Longitudinal data
Long rate
Long run
Long run average cost (LAC)
Long run comsumption function
Long run marginal cost
Long term capital
Lorenz curve
Losch model
Loss aversion
Loss function
Loss leader pricing
Long run competitive
Lon run total cost curve
Long run Phillips curve
Short run Phillp curve
Lump - sum tax
Loss offsetting provisions
Low - level equilibrium trap
Low wage trade
Lucas critique
LUS
Luxury
Luxury taxes
M1 and M0
Macmillan Committee
"Macmillan" gap
Mc Guire Act
Macroeconomics
Macroeconomics demand schedule
Majority rule
Malleable capital
Malthus, Rev. Thomas Robert
Malthus's law of population
Management
Management buyout
Management board
Managed or dirty floating
Management science
Manager controlled firm
Managerial capitalism
Managerial discretion
Managerial revolution
Managerial slack
Managerial theories of the firm
Managerial utility function
D liu dc.
Li sut di hn.
Di hn.
Chi ph trung bnh di hn.
Hm tiu dng di hn.
Chi ph cn bin di hn.
Vn di hn.
ng Lorenz
M hnh Losch
S khng thch mt mt.
Hm thua l.
Bn h gi trc.
Cn bng cnh tranh di hn.
ng tng chi ph di hn.
ng Phillips di hn.
ng Phillips ngn hn.
Thu gp / khon.
Cc iu khon b l.
By cn bng mc thp.
Thng mi lng thp.
Lun im ph phn ca Lucas
S d tuyn tnh v hng khng chch.
Hng xa x (cng coi l hng thng lu).
Thu hng xa x.
Mc cung tin M1 v M0.
U ban Macmillan.
L hng Macmillan.
o lut Mc Guire.
Kinh t hc v m.
Biu cu mang tnh kinh t hc v m.
Quy tc a s.
Vn uyn chuyn
(1766-1834).
Quy lut dn s ca Malthus.
Ban qun l.
Thu mua bng nghip v qun l.
Ban qun l / Hi ng qun tr.
S th ni c qun l hay khng thun khit.
Khoa hc qun l.
Hng do nh qun l kim sot.
Ch ngha t bn thin v qun l.
S tu tin trong qun l.
Cuc cch mng qun l.
S lng lo trong qun l.
Cc hc thuyt v hng thin v qun l.
Hm tho dng trong qun l.
Marginal cost
Marginal cost of labor
Marginal cost pricing
Marginal firm
Marginal income tax rate
Marginal principle
Marginal product of labors
Marginal propensity to comsume (MPC) Thin hng tiu dng cn bin.
Marginal propensity to import
Marginal propensity to save (MPS)
Marginal rate of substitution (MRS)
Marginal rate of transformation
Marginal revenue
Marginal revenue product of labor
Managing director
Manoilescu argument
Manpower policy
Manual workers
Margin, at the
Marginal
Marginal analysis
Marginal cost of funds schedule
Marginal damage cost
Marginal disutility
Marginal efficiency of capital
Marginal efficiency of capital schedule
Marginal efficiency of investment
Marginal efficiency of investment
schedule
Marginal per capita reinvestment quotient Tiu chun v thng s ti u t cn bin
criterio
Marginal physical product
Marginal product
Marginal productivity doctrine
Marginal propensity to tax
Marginal propensity to withdraw
Marginal rate of tax
Marginal rate of technical substitution
Marginal revenue product
Marginal user cost
Marginal utility
Marginal utility of income
Marginal utility of money
Marginal value product of capital
Marginal value product of labor
Chi ph cn bin.
Chi ph cn bin cho lao ng.
nh gi theo chi ph cn bin.
Xut bin?
Mc thu sut cn bin nh vo thu nhp.
Nguyn l cn bin.
Sn phm cn bin ca lao ng.
Thin hng nhp khu cn bin.
Thin hng tit kim cn bin.
T l thay th cn bin.
T l chuyn i cn bin.
Doanh thu cn bin.
Mc doanh thu cn bin ca lao ng.
Gim c iu hnh.
Lp lun Manoilescu.
Chnh sch v nhn lc.
Lao ng chn tay.
ti bin
Cn bin, gia lng.
Phn tch cn bin.
Biu chi ph cn bin ca vn.
Chi ph thit hi cn bin.
phi tho dng cn bin.
Hiu sut cn bin ca vn.
Biu hiu sut bin ca vn.
Hiu sut cn bin ca u t.
Biu hiu sut cn bin ca u t.
theo u ngi.
Sn phm vt cht cn bin.
Sn phm cn bin.
Hc thuyt v nng sut cn bin.
Thin hng nh thu cn bin.
Thin hng rt tin cn bin.
Thu sut cn bin.
T sut thay th k thut cn bin; th sut k
thut cn bin.
Sn phm doanh thu cn bin.
Chi ph s dng cn bin.
tho dng cn bin.
tho dng cn bin ca thu nhp.
tho dng cn bin ca tin.
Sn phm gi tr bin ca vn.
Sn phm gi tr bin ca lao ng.
Margin requirement Yu cu v mc chnh lch.
Market Th trng.
Market classification Phn loi th trng.
Market clearing im th trng bn sch.
Market demand curve ng cu ca th trng.
Market demand curve for labour ng cu ca th trng i vi lao ng.
Market economy Nn kinh t th trng
S khim khuyt ca th trng; S trc trc
Market failure
ca th trng.
Market forces Cc tc nhn th trng.
Market imperfection S khng hon ho ca th trng.
Market mechanism C ch th trng.
Marketing Marketing
Marketing boards. Cc ban Marketing.
Market maker Hng lp th.
Market orientation nh hng theo th trng.
Market oriented reform Ci cch theo nh hng th trng.
Quyn lc th trng; Sc mnh i vi th
Market power
trng.
Market premium rate T l chnh lch gi.
Black market premium rate T l chnh lch gi trn th trng ch en.
Market share Th phn
Market socialism Ch ngha x hi theo c ch th trng.
Markov process Qu trnh Markov.
Markowitz, Harry (1927-)
Parallel market premium rate T l chnh lch gi ca th trng song hnh.
Market structure C cu th trng.
Phn thm vo gi vn; Phn thm vo chi ph
Mark-up
kh bin.
Marshall, Alfred (1842-1924)
Marshall Aid Vin tr Marshall.
Marshallian demand curve ng cu Marshall
Marshall - Lerner condition iu kin Marshall - Lerner.
Marshall plan K hoch Marshall
Marx, Karl (1818-1883)
C.mcist economics Kinh t hc Mac xt.
Materials balance principle Nguyn l cn bng vt cht.
Material forces of production Lc lng sn xut vt cht.
Mathematical expectation K vng ton hc.
Matrix Ma trn.
Maturity n hn, ht hn.
Maximax Ti a ho cc i.
Maximin Ti a ho cc tiu.
Maximum Gi tr cc i.
Maximum likelihood Hp l cc i.
Meade, James Edward (1907- )
Mean Trung bnh
Means tested benefits Tr cp theo mc trung bnh.
Mean-variance analysis Phn tch trung bnh - phng sai.
Measurement error Sai s o lng.
Median Trung v.
Median location principle Nguyn l nh v trung bnh.
Median Vote Theorem nh l c tri trung dung.
Mediation Ho gii.
Medium of exchange Phng tin trao i.
Median Voter C tri trung dung.
Medium term financial strategy (MTFS) Chin lc ti chnh trung hn.
Menger, Carl (1840-1921)
Mercantilism Ch ngha trng thng.
Merchant bank Ngn hng nh bun
Merger St nhp.
Menu cost of inflation Chi ph thc n ca lm pht.
Merit goods Hng khuyn dng; Hng c li.
Merit bad Hng khng khuyn dng.
Methodology Phng php lun.
Metzler case Tnh hung Metzler.
M-form enterprise Doanh nghip dng M
Microeconomics Kinh t hc vi m.
Microfoundations Cc c s vi m.
Miller - Tydings Act of 1937 o lut Miller - Tydings nm 1937.
Minimax regret Quy tc ti thiu ho mc ng tic ti a.
Minimum Gi tr ti thiu.
Minimum efficient scale Quy m hiu qu ti thiu.
Minimum employment target Mc tiu ti thiu v vic lm.
Minimum lending rate (MLR) Li sut cho vay ti thiu.
Minimum wage Tin lng ti thiu.
Minimum wage legislation Lut v mc lng ti thiu.
Minority control Quyn kim sot ti thiu.
Mint Nh my c tin.
Mis-specification Thng s sai lch.
Mixed estimation Phng php c tnh hn hp.
Mixed good Hng ho hn hp.
Mixed market economy Nn kinh t th trng hn hp.
Mode Mt.
Model M hnh
Modern quantity theory of money Thuyt nh lng tin t hin i.
Modern sector Khu vc hin i.
Mode of production Phng thc sn xut.
Modigliani, Franco (1918-)
Hc thuyt v chi ph t bn ca Modigliani-
Modigliani-Miller theory of cost of capital
Miller.
Modulus Gi tr tuyt i.
Moments M men
Monetarism Ch ngha trng tin.
Money multiplier S nhn tin t.
Mixed economy Nn kinh t hn hp.
S kt hp gia chnh sch thu kho v tin
Mix of fiscal and money policy
t.
Money price Gi ca tin.
Money stock Dung lng tin.
Mobility of labor Tnh lun chuyn ca lao ng.
Monetarists Nhng ngi theo thuyt trng tin.
Monetary accommodation S iu tit tin t.
Monetary aggregate Cung tin (M1,M2,M3).
Monetary base C s tin t.
Monetary overhang S s dng qu nhiu tin mt.
Monetary standard Bn v tin t.
Monetary Union Lin minh tin t.
Money supply Cung tin.
Money terms (Biu th gi tr) bng tin.
Monoculture c canh
Monopolies and Merger Act in1965. o lut v c quyn v st nhp nm 1965.
Monopolies and Merger Commission U ban v c quyn v St nhp.
Monopolies and Restrictive Practices o lut c quyn v nhng thng l hn
(Inquiry and ch (iu tra v Kim sot) 1948.
Monopolistic Competition Cnh tranh c quyn.
Monopoly c quyn.
Monopoly power Quyn lc c quyn.
Monetized economy Nn kinh t tin t ho.
Money illusion o tng v tin.
Money market equilibrium S cn bng ca th trng tin t.
Monopoly profit Li nhun c quyn.
Monopsony c quyn mua.
Monte Carlo method Phng php Monte Carlo.
Moonlighting S lm thm
Moral hazard Mi nguy o c; S lm tn.
Mortgage Th chp.
Most favoured nation clause iu khon ti hu quc.
Moving average Trung bnh ng.
Multicollitnearity Tnh a cng tuyn.
Multilateral aid Vin tr a phng
Multilateral Investment Guarantee
C quan bo him u t a phng.
Agency (MIGA)
Multilateral trade Thng mi a phng
Multinational corporation Cng ty a quc gia.
Multiplant economies Tnh kinh t nh vn hnh nhiu nh my.
Multiplant operations S vn hnh a nh my.
Multiple correlation coefficient H s a tng quan.
Multiple regression Hi quy bi s.
Multiplier S nhn.
Multiplier - accelerator interaction Tc ng qua li gia s nhn - gia tc.
Multiplier - accelerator model M hnh gia tc theo tha s / h s nhn.
Multiproduct firm Hng sn xut a sn phm
Multiplier coefficient H s khuych i.
Multisector growth model M hnh tng trng a ngnh.
Multivariate analysis Phn tch a bin s.
Mundell - Fleming model M hnh Mundell - Fleming.
Mutually exclusive projects Cc d n loi t ln nhau.
Mutually exclusive Loi t ln nhau.
Naive accelerator Gia tc dng n gin.
Nash solution Gii php Nash.
National accounts H thng ti khon quc gia.
National bargaining Thng lng mang tnh quc gia.
National Bureau for Economic Research Phng nghin cu kinh t quc gia.
National debt N quc gia.
National Economic Development Council
Hi ng pht trin kinh t quc gia.
(NEDC)
National Enterprise Board (NEB) Ban doanh nghip quc gia.
National income Thu nhp quc dn.
National income accounting Hch ton Thu nhp quc dn.
National Girobank Ngn hng Giro quc gia.
National Institute for Economic and Vin Nghin cu Quc gia v Kinh t v X
Social Research hi.
Myrdal, Gunnar K. (1898-1987)
National Insurance Contributions Cc khon ng gp bo him quc gia.
National Insurance Fund Qu bo him quc gia.
National Labor Relation Act o lut quan h Lao ng Quc gia.
Nationalized industry Ngnh b quc hu ho.
National product Sn phm quc dn.
National Research Development
Cng ty nghin cu pht trin quc gia.
Corporation
National Saving Bank Ngn hng tit kim quc gia.
Natural law Quy lut t nhin.
Natural logarithm Lgarit t nhin.
Natural price Gi t nhin.
Natural rate of growth T l tng trng t nhin.
Natural rate of unemployment T l tht nghip t nhin.
Natural resources Ti nguyn thin nhin.
Natural selection hypothesis Gi thuyt v s la chn t nhin.
Near money Tin cn; Chun t.
Necessity Hng thit yu.
NEDC U ban pht trin kinh t quc gia.
"Neddy"
NEDO Vn phng pht trin kinh t quc gia.
Need Nhu cu.
Negative income tax Thu thu nhp m.
Neighborhood effects Nhng hiu ng n xung quanh.
Neo-classical economics Kinh t hc tn c in.
Neo-classical growth theory Hc thuyt tng trng tn c in.
Neo-classical synthesis Hp tn c in.
Neo-imperialism Ch ngha quc kiu mi.
Neo-orthodoxy Trng phi tn chnh thng.
Nested hypotheses Cc gi thuyt lng nhau
Nationalized indentities ng nht thc ca thu nhp quc dn.
Natural monopoly c quyn t nhin.
Net advantages, the equalisation of S cn bng ho nhng li th rng.
Net barter terms of trade T gi trao i rng.
Net book value Gi tr rng theo s sch.
Net economic welfare Phc li kinh t rng.
Net export Xut khu rng.
Net present value Gi tr hin ti rng.
Net investment u t rng ( Cn gi l s to vn rng) .
Net material product (NMP) Sn phm vt cht rng.
Net national income Thu nhp quc dn rng
Net national product Sn phm quc dn rng.
Net profit Li nhun rng.
Net property income from abroad Thu nhp ti sn rng t nc ngoi.
Neutrality of money Tnh cht trung lp ca tin.
Neutralizing monetary flows Trung ho cc lung tin t.
"New classical macroeconomics" "Kinh t hc v m c in mi"
New Economic Policy (NEP) Chnh sch kinh t.
New industrial state Tnh trng cng nghip mi.
New inflation Lm pht kiu mi
New issues market Th trng cc chng khon mi pht hnh.
New microeconomics Kinh t hc vi m mi.
New-new microeconomics Kinh t hc vi m mi-mi.
New-orthodoxy Trng phi chnh thng mi.
New quantity theory of money L thuyt nh lng mi v tin t.
New international economic order Trt t kinh t quc t mi.
New protectionism Ch ngha bo h mi.
Newly industrilizing countries (NICs) Cc nc mi cng nghip ho.
New view of investment Quan nim mi v u t.
"New view" on money supply "Quan im mi" v cung tin.
New York Stock Exchange S giao dch chng khon New York
Nominal Danh ngha.
Nominal balances S d tin mt danh ngha
Nominal value Gi tr danh ngha.
Nominal yield Li tc danh ngha.
Non-accelerating inflation rate of
T l tht nghip khng lm tng lm pht.
unemployment
Nominal and real interest rates
Nominal and real money balances
Nominal and exchange rate
Nominal variables
Non-market
Non-bank financial intermediaries
Non-competing groups
Non-cumulative preference shares
Non-excludability
Non-labor income
Non-linear
Non-linear function
Non-manual workers
Non-nested hypotheses
Non-pecuniary goals
Non-price competition
Non-profit institutions
Non-renewable resource
Non-rival consumption
Non-tariff barriers
Non-uniqueness
Non-wage attributes
Non-wage labour costs
Norm
Normal cost pricing
Normal distribution
Normal equations
Normal good
Normal profits
Normal unemployment
Normal variable
Normative costs of production
Normative economics
Norm following behaviour
Notional demand
Null hypothesis
Numbers equivalent index
Numeraire
OAPEC
Objective function
Occupational licensing
Occupational wages differentials
Li sut danh ngha v li sut thc t.
S d tin mt danh ngha v thc t.
T gi hi oi danh ngha v thc t.
Cc bin s danh ngha.
Phi th trng.
Cc t chc trung gian ti chnh phi ngn
hng.
Cc nhm khng cnh tranh.
C phiu u i phi tch lu.
Tnh khng th khu bit; tnh khng th ngn
cn.
Thu nhp phi lao ng.
Phi tuyn.
Hm phi tuyn.
Lao ng phi th cng; Lao ng tr c.
Cc gi thit khng b lng nhau.
Nhng mc tiu phi tin t.
Cnh tranh phi gi c.
Cc t chc phi li nhun
Ti nguyn khng ti to c.
S tiu dng khng b kn ca; S tiu dng
khng b cnh tranh.
Cc hng ro phi thu quan.
Tnh phi c nht.
Cc thuc tnh phi tin lng.
Cc chi ph lao ng phi tin lng.
nh mc tng lng.
'nh gi theo chi ph nh mc; nh gi theo
chi ph thng thng.
Phn phi chun.
Cc phng trnh chun.
Hng ho thng thng.
Cc khon li nhun thng thng.
T l tht nghip thng thng.
Bin thng thng.
Cc chi ph sn sut chun tc.
Kinh t hc chun tc.
Hnh vi theo nh mc lng.
Cu tm tnh; Cu nim; cu t bin.
Gi thit Khng.
Ch s ng lng.
n v tnh ton.
T chc cc nc A-rp xut khu du
Hm mc tiu.
Cp bng hnh ngh.
Nhng chnh lch v mc lng theo ngh
 nghip.
Occupational wages structure C cu lng theo ngh nghip.
OECD T chc hp tc v pht trin kinh t.
OEEC T chc hp tc kinh t Chu u.
Offer curve ng cho hng.
Offer for sale Cho bn.
Office of Fair Trading Vn phng thng mi cng bng.
Office of Management and Budget
Vn phng qun l v ngn sch.
(OMB)
Offshore investment centres Cc trung tm u t hi ngoi.
Ohlin, Bertil (1899-1979)
Okun's 'law' "lut" Okun.
Oligopolistic Hnh vi c quyn nhm bn
Oligopoly (Th trng) c quyn nhm bn
Oligopsony (Th trng) c quyn nhm mua.
One sector growth model M hnh tng trng mt khu vc.
One tail tests Kim nh mt ui.
On-the-job training o to ti ch.
OPEC T chc cc nc xut khu du m.
Open access resource Ti nguyn c t do tip cn.
Open economy Nn kinh t m.
Opening prices Gi m ca.
Open market operations Cc nghip v th trng m, th trng t do.
Open unemployment Tht nghip m.
Operating gearing T phn chi ph nghip v c nh.
Operating income Thu nhp kinh doanh.
Operating profit Li nhun kinh doanh.
Opportunity cost Chi ph c hi.
Opportunity cost approach to Phng ph s dng Chi ph c hi trong
international trade thng mi quc t.
Opportunity cost of money holding Chi ph c hi ca vic gi tin.
Opportunity wage Mc lng c hi.
Optimal Ti u
Optimal capacity Cng sut ti u.
Optimal distribution S phn phi ti u.
Optimal level of pollution Mc nhim Ti u.
Optimum Trng thi ti u.
Optimum of optimorum Trng thi ti u trong ti u.
Optimum plant size Quy m nh my mc ti u.
Optimum tariff Thu quan ti u.
Option Hp ng mua bn trc.
Option value Gi tr ca quyn la chn.
Ordering Xp th t.
Ordinalism Ch ngha th t.
Ordinal utility tho dng theo th t.
 Phng php bnh phng nh nht thng
Ordinary least square (OLS)
thng.
Ordinary share C phiu thng.
Ordinate Tung .
Organic composition of capital Thnh phn hu c ca vn.
Organization of Economic Co-operation
T chc hp tc v pht trin kinh t.
and Development (OECD)
Organization for European Economic Co-
T chc hp tc kinh t chu u.
operation (OEEC)
Organization of Arab Petroleum (OAPEC) - T chc Cc nc rp xut khu
Exporting Countries du m.
Organization of Petroleum Exporting (OPEC) - T chc cc nc xut khu du
Countries m.
Outlier Gi tr ngoi lai.
Outcome Kt cc, kt qu.
Basic Outcome Kt cc, kt qu c s.
Output Sn lng (hay u ra).
Output budgeting Lp ngn sch theo Sn lng (hay u ra).
Outside lag tr bn ngoi.
Outside money Tin bn ngoi.
Outstanding credit Tn dng cha thanh ton.
Overdraff Chi di; Thu chi.
Overfunding Vay qu mc.
Overhead costs Chi ph duy tu
Overidentification S ng nht ho qu mc.
Overnight money Tin qua m.
Overhead inputs Nhp lng gin tip.
Mc ph hp tng th ca phng trnh
Overall fit of regression
hi quy.
Overpopulation Dn s qu ng.
Overshooting Tng qu cao (t gi hi oi).
Over the counter market Th trng khng ni giao dch.
Overtime Lm vic thm ngoi gi.
Overvalued currency Tin c nh gi qu cao.
Owner-controlled firms Cc hng do ngi ch s hu kim sot.
Passche price index Ch s gi Passche.
Paid-up capital Vn c huy ng
Panel data D liu Panel
Paper money Tin giy.
Paper profit Li nhun trn giy.
Parabola Dng Parabn.
Paradox of thrift Nghch l ca tit kim.
Paradigm H thuyt; Lun thuyt.
Par value of gold Gi tr ngang gi ca vng.
Paradox of voting Nghch l v b phiu.
Paradox of value Nghch l v gi tr.
Parameter Thng s.
Paretian Liberal, Impossibility of Tnh khng th ca t do Pareto.
Pareto, Vilfredo (1848 - 1923)
Pareto conditions Cc iu kin Pareto.
Pareto criterion Tiu chun Pareto.
Pareto improvement S ci thin Pareto.
Pareto non-comparability Tnh khng th so snh Pareto.
Pareto-optional redistribution S phn phi li ti u theo Pareto.
Pareto optimum Ti u Pareto.
Pareto efficiency of resource allocation Tnh hiu qu Pareto ca phn b ngun lc.
Pareto-relevant externality Ngoi ng lin quan n Pareto.
Paris Club Cu lc b Paris.
Parity price system H thng gi tng ng.
Par rate of exchange T gi hi oi tng ng.
Partial adjustment iu chnh tng phn.
Partial derivative o hm ring phn.
Partial equilibrium Cn bng b phn.
Paricipating preference shares C phiu u tin tham gia.
Paricipation rate T l tham gia.
Partly rational expectations Nhng k vng hp l ring phn.
Par value Gi tr danh ngha, mnh gi.
Patent rights Quyn tc gi.
S c lp v ng tin trin; c lp v
Path independence
ng i.
Pattern bargaining Thng lng theo m hnh.
Partnership Bn tham gia; Hi chung vn.
Patents Bng sng ch.
Path of government spending M hnh cch thc chi tiu ca chnh ph.
Patent of trade M thc ngoi thng.
Pauper labour Lao ng bn cng.
Payback period Thi k hon vn.
Mc lng trn; gii hn trn ca tin lng;
Pay ceiling
Gii hn cao nht ca tin lng.
Pay freeze C nh tin lng.
Payment - by - results Tr theo kt qa.
Payments, balance of Cn cn thanh ton.
Pay-off Li ch rng.
Payout ratio T l tr c tc.
Pay in kind Tr bng hin vt.
nh gi theo mc tiu th nh; nh gi theo
Peak-load pricing
tiu dng cao im.
Cu lao ng thi k cao im; Cu lao
Peak period labour demand
ng k gip ht.
Pecuniary external economy Tnh kinh t tin t bn ngoi.
Peg-neo "ct vo"
Pendulum arbitration Trng ti con lc.
Pension Tin lng hu.
Pension fund Qu hu.
Per capita Theo u ngi.
THU NHP QUC DN thc t tnh theo u
Per capita real GDP
ngi.
Percetile Phn v.
Perestroika i mi, ci t.
Perfect competition Cnh tranh hon ho.
Perfect markets Cc th trng hon ho.
Permanent comsumption Mc tiu dng thng xuyn.
Permanent income Thu nhp thng xuyn.
Permanent income hypothesis Gi thuyt thu nhp thng xuyn.
Perpetuity Khon chi tr vnh cu.
Personal income Thu nhp c nhn.
Personal loan Khon vay cho c nhn.
Personal rate of substitution T l thay th c nhn.
Personal saving Tit kim c nhn.
Perverse migration Di c ngc.
PESC U ban iu tra chi tiu cng cng.
Petroleum revenue tax (PRI) Thu thu nhp du la.
Phillips curve ng Philips
Physiocrats Nhng ngi theo thuyt trng nng.
Piece rates Thu nhp tnh theo sn phm.
Piecework Vic lm khon.
Pigou, Arthur Cecil (1877-1959)
Pigou effect Hiu ng Pigou
Pigovian tax Thu Pigou.
Pivot effect hypothesis Gi thuyt v hiu ng quay.
Placing Nghip v by bn.
Planned economy Nn kinh t k hoch ho.
Planning programming budgeting system H thng lp ngn sch theo chng trnh k
(PPBS) hoch ho.
Planometrics K hoch lng.
Plant bargaining S thng lng mt nh my.
Plato (427-347BC)
Plurality Quy tc a s.
Point elasticity of demand D co gin im ca cu.
Point estimation c lng im.
Point of inflexion im un.
Point utility possibility curve ng kh nng tho dng im.
Point voting B phiu theo im.
Policy instruments Cc cng c chnh sch.
Policy - off Thi k khng p dng chnh sch.
Policy coordination iu phi chnh sch.
Policy targets Cc mc tiu chnh sch.
Political economy Kinh t chnh tr.
Political business cycle Chu k kinh t chnh tr.
Poll tax Thu thn.
Pooled lending / loan Cho vay lin hip.
Polluter pays principle Nguyn tc ngi gy nhim tr ph.
Pollution nhim.
Pollution rights Cc quyn c gy nhim.
Polynomial a thc; Biu thc i s.
Polynomial lag tr a thc; tr ca biu thc i s.
Pooled data D liu gp.
Population Dn s
Population explosion Bng n dn s.
Population policy Chnh sch dn s.
Population trap By dn s.
Porfolio Danh mc u t.
Porfolio balance approach Phng php cn i danh mc u t.
Porfolio balance approach to the balance Phng php cn i danh mc u t i
of payments/ exchange rate vi cn cn thanh ton/ t gi hi oi.
Porfolio diversification S a dng ho danh mc u t.
Positional good Hng ho theo v tr.
Positive economics Kinh t hc thc chng.
Positivism Ch ngha thc chng.
Kinh t hc Hu-Keynes; Kinh t hc sau
Post-Keynesian economics
Keynes.
Posterior distribution Phn phi sau.
Postwar credits Cc tn dng hu chin.
Potential entry S nhp ngnh tim nng.
Potential national income Thu nhp quc dn tim nng.
Potential output Sn lng tim nng.
Potential Pareto improvement S ci thin Pareto tim nng.
Poverty S ngho kh.
Poverty trap By ngho kh.
Power function Hm lu tha.
Prais - Winsten Bin i Prais - Winsten.
Prebisch thesis Lun Prebisch
Precautionary motive ng c d phng.
Precautionary unemployment Tht nghip phng nga.
Predatory pricing nh gi bn ph gi.
Prediction D bo.
Pre-emption rights Cc quyn u tin mua c phiu.
Preference S thch; S u tin.
Preference revelation S thch.
Preference shares C phiu u tin.
Preferential hiring S thu ngi u tin.
Preferred ordinary shares C phiu thng c u tin.
Premium Tin tr thm hay ph bo him.
Premium saving bonds Tri phiu tit kim c thng.
Present value Gi tr hin ti.
Price Gi
Price Commission U ban vt gi.
Price consumption curve ng tiu dng theo gi.
Price control Kim sot gi.
Price-cost margin Mc chnh lch gi-chi ph.
Price discrimination Phn bit i x theo gi.
Price/earning ratio T l gi / Li tc (t l P/E)
Price effect Hiu ng gi.
Price elasticity of demand co gin ca cu theo gi.
Price fixing agreement Tho thun c nh gi.
Price index Ch s gi.
Price leadership S dn gi.
Price mechanism C ch gi.
Price-push Gi y.
Price revolution Cch mng gi.
Price setter Ngi t gi.
Price specie mechanism C ch chy vng.
Price support scheme K hoch tr gi.
Price taker Ngi chp nhn gi.
Price theory L thuyt gi.
Price fixing S c nh gi
Price volatility Bin ng gi c.
Price support Tr gi.
High risk premia Ph thng ri ro cao.
Primary commodities Hng s ch.
Primary goods Cc hng ho c bn.
Primary market Th trng s cp.
Primary money Tin s cp.
Primary of targeting Nguyn tc hng ch.
Primary securities Chng khon s cp.
Primary workers Cc cng nhn s cp.
Principal Tin gc.
Vn u thc v nhm thc; Vn ngi
Principal-agent problem
c vn v ngi i din.
Prior distribution Phn phi trc.
Th lng gii ca ngi t; Th tin thoi
Prisoner's dilemma
lng nan ca ngi t.
Private company Cng ty t nhn.
Private good Hng ho ring t.
Privatization T nhn ho
Privatization in Eastern Europe T nhn ho ng u.
Thit hi / ph tn c nhn v x hi ca tht
Private and social cost of unemployment
nghip.
T s gia tin mt v s tin gi ca khu vc
Private sector cash-deposite ratio
t nhn.
Probability Xc sut
Conditional Probability Xc sut c iu kin.
Cumulative Probability Xc sut tch lu.
Probability density function Hm mt xc xut.
Probability distribution Phn phi Xc sut.
Probit model M hnh Probit (hay m hnh xc sut n v).
Process Qu trnh
Process innovation Pht kin v phung php (sn xut).
Producer's co-operatives Cc hp tc x ca nh sn xut.
Producer's surplus Thng d ca nh sn xut.
Product cycle Chu k sn phm.
Product differentiation S khc bit ho sn phm.
Product innovation Pht kin v sn phm.
Production Sn xut.
Production frontier Gii hn sn xut.
Production externalities Nhng ngoi tc sn xut.
Production function Hm sn xut.
Production incentives Cc khuyn khch sn xut.
Production Possibility frontier ng gii hn kh nng sn xut.
Production Possibility curve ng kh nng sn xut.
Production sphere and budgetary sphere Lnh vc sn xut v lnh vc ngn sch.
Lm nut qu trnh sn xut; Vic lm cho sn
Production smoothing
xut c tri chy.
Productivity Nng sut.
Productivity bargaining Thng lng theo nng sut.
Product proliferation a dng ho sn phm.
Product rule Quy tc tch s.
Profits Li nhun.
Profit, falling rate of T l st gim li nhun.
Profit centre C im li nhun; Trung tm li nhun.
Profit constraint Rng buc v li nhun.
Profit function Hm li nhun
Profit margin Chnh lch li nhun
Profit maximization Ti a ho li nhun.
Profit motive ng c li nhun
Profit rate T l li nhun.
Profits-push inflation Lm pht do li-nhun-y.
Programme budgeting Lp ngn sch theo chng trnh.
Programming methods Phng php quy hoch.
Progressive tax Thu lu tin.
Project appraisal Thm nh d n.
Property rights Cc quyn s hu ti sn.
Proportional tax Thu tnh theo t l.
Propulsive industries Cc ngnh ng lc.
Prospect theory L thuyt vin cnh.
Protection Bo h.
Proxy Tnh i din
Proxy variable Bin s i din.
Pseudo-demand schedule Biu cu-gi.
Public choice S la chn cng cng.
Public company Cng ty cng cng.
Public Expediture Chi tiu cng cng.
Public good Hng ho cng cng.
Public issue Pht hnh cng cng.
Public Sector Borrowing Requirement
Nhu cu vay ca khu vc cng cng.
(PSBR)
Public Sector Debt Repayment (PSDR) Hon tr n ca khu vc cng cng.
Public utility Ngnh dch v cng cng
Public utility regulation iu tit ngnh dch v cng cng.
Public ownership S hu cng cng
Purchasing power parity Sc mua tng ng.
Purchase tax Thu mua hng.
Purchasing power of money Sc mua ca ng tin.
Pure competition Cnh tranh thun tu.
Pure profit Li nhun thun tu.
Pure inflation Lm pht thun tu.
Put option Hp ng bn trc.
Putty-clay M hnh putty-clay; M hnh mt tt - t st.
Putty-putty M hnh putty-putty; M hnh mt tt - mt tt.
S thp ho; S chp ho; Vic hnh thnh
Pyramiding
hnh chp.
Quadratic equation Phng trnh bc hai
Quadratic utility function Hm tho dng bc hai.
Qualitative choice models M hnh la chn nh tnh.
Quantity theory of money L thuyt nh lng v tin t.
Quartile T phn v.
Quasi-option value Gi tr ca hp ng mua bn trc.
Quasi-rent Tin thu gi.
Quesnay, Francois (1694-1774).
Quick assets ratio T l ti sn d chuyn hon.
Quits S ngi b vic.
Quota Hn nghch.
Import / Export quota Hn nghch xut khu / nhp khu.
Quoted companies Cc cng ty c nim yt gi.
Quotient rule Quy tc thng s.
R2 H s xc nh.
Radcliffe Committee U ban Radcliffe.
Radical economics Kinh t hc cp tin.
Raider firm Hng thu mua.
Ramsey pricing nh gi Ramsay.
R and D Nghin cu v trin khai.
Random coefficient models Cc m hnh h s ngu nhin.
Random sample Mu ngu nhin.
Random variable Bin ngu nhin.
Random walk Bc ngu nhin.
Range Di, khong.
Range (of a good) Phm vi (ca mt hng ho).
Rank correlation Tng quan bc.
Ranking of projects Xp hng cc d n.
Rank of a matrix Hng ca ma trn.
Rank-tournament compensation rule Quy tc n b theo xp hng thi ua
Ratchet effect Hiu ng bnh cc.
Rate capping Hn ch t l chi tiu.
Rate of commodity T l thay th hng ho.
Rate of interest Li xut.
Rate of return T sut li tc.
Rate of time preference T l u tin thi gian.
Rates Thu a c.
Rate support grant Tr cp nng mc thu.
Rational expectations K vng duy l.
Rationality Tnh duy l.
Rational lags Tr hu t; Tr hp l.
Rationing Chia khu phn.
Rawlsian justice Bng ng Rawls
R,D and D Nghin cu, trin khai v trnh din.
Reaction functions Cc hm phn ng.
Real balance effect Hiu ng s d tin.
Phng php chi ph thc t i vi thng
Real cost approach to international trade
mi quc t.
Real money balances Cc s d tin thc t.
Real national output Sn lng quc dn thc t.
Real wages Tin lng thc t.
Receiver Ngi tip nhn (ti sn).
Recession Suy thoi.
Reciprocal S nghch o.
Reciprocal demand Cu qua li.
Reciprocal Trade Argreements Act of o lut nm 1934 v cc hip nh Thng
1934 (RTA) mi qua li.
Recognition lag Tr trong nhn thc.
Recontract Ti kh c.
Recursive model M hnh ni phn.
Recursive residuals S d ni phn.
Redeemable loan stock C phn vay c th hon tr.
Redeemable securities Chng khon c th hon tr.
Redemption yield Tng li tc o hn.
Redistribution Ti phn phi.
Reduced form (RF) Dng rt gn.
Redundancies Nhn vin tha.
Redundancy payments Tr cp thi vic.
Re-export Hng ti xut.
Regional development grant Tr cp pht trin vng.
Regional economics Kinh t hc khu vc.
Regional emloyment premium Tr cp tuyn dng lao ng khu vc.
Regional multiplier S nhn khu vc.
Regional policy Chnh sch khu vc.
Regional integration Hi nhp khu vc.
Nhng chnh lch tin lng gia cc khu
Regional wage differentials
vc.
Regional wage structure C cu tin lng theo khu vc.
Registered unemployed Nhng ngi tht nghip c ng k.
Regressand Bin ph thuc (trong phn tch hi quy).
Regression Hi quy.
Regressive expectations K vng hi quy.
Regressive tax Thu lu thoi.
Regressor c tnh hi quy.
Regret matrix Ma trn hi tic.
Regulation Q Quy ch Q.
Regulation S iu tit.
Regulatory capture S lm quyn iu tit; "iu tit b tri".
Regulatory policy Chnh sch iu tit.
Reintermediation Ti ph trung gian.
Relative deprivation Cm gic b tc ot.
Relative income hypothesis Gi thuyt v thu nhp tng i.
Relative price Gi tng i.
Relativities Chnh lch lng trong mt ngh.
Renewable resource Ti nguyn ti to c.
Rent T, li, tin thu.
Rent gradient Gradient tin thu.
Rentiers Ch cho thu ti sn; Ch cho thu vn.
Rent seeking S tm kim c li; S tm kim tin thu.
Rent seeker Ngi kim s c li.
Rental on capital Tin thu vn.
Replacement cost Chi ph thay th.
Replacement cost accounting Hch ton chi ph thay th.
Replacement investment u t thay th.
Replacement ratio T s thay th.
Representative firm Hng i din.
Repressed inflation Lm pht b kim ch.
Required reserves D tr bt buc.
Required rate of return on capital Sut sinh li cn c ca vn.
Required real rate of return on capital Sut sinh li thc t cn c ca vn.
Required reserve ratio T l d tr bt buc.
Resale price mainternance Vic duy tr gi bn l.
Resale Prices Act 1964 o lut nm 1964 v Gi bn l.
Research and development (R&D) Nghin cu v trin khai.
Mc lng bo lu; Mc lng k vng ti
Reservation wage
thiu.
Reserve assets ratio T l ti sn d tr.
Reserve base C s d tr.
Reserve currency ng tin d tr.
Reserve ratio T l d tr.
Residual S d.
Resiliency Tnh nhy bn.
Resource Ngun lc; Ngun ti nguyn.
Restricted least squares (RLS) Bnh phng nh nht hn ch.
Restrictive Practices Court To n v cc hot ng hn ch.
o lut nm 1956 v nhng Thng l thng
Restrictive Trade Practices Act 1956
mi hn ch.
o lut nm 1968 v nhng Thng l thng
Restrictive Trade Practices Act 1968
mi hn ch.
Reswitching Ti chuyn i.
Retail Bn l.
Retail banking Nghip v ngn hng bn l.
Retail price index (RPI) Ch s gi bn l.
Retained earnings Thu nhp c gi li.
Retention ratio T l gi li.
Retentions Cc khon gi li.
Return on capital employed Li tc t vn c s dng.
Returns to scale Li tc theo quy m.
Revaluation S nng gi tr; s tng gi.
Revealed preference S thch c bc l.
Revenue Doanh thu.
Revenue maximization Ti a ho doanh thu.
Reverse dumping Bn ph gi th trng nc ngoi.
Reverse yield gap Chnh lch nghch o ca li tc.
Ricardian equivalence theorem nh l Ricardo v tnh tng ng .
Ricardo, David (1772-1823).
Right-to-work laws Cc lut v quyn c lm vic.
Rights issue Pht hnh quyn mua c phiu.
Risk Ri ro.
Risk aversion S s ri ro, khng thch ri ro.
Risk capital Vn ri ro.
Risk attitude Thi i vi ri ro.
Risk character Thi i vi ri ro.
Risk premium Tin b cho ri ro, ph ri ro
Risk-spreading Dn tri ri ro.
Risk-diversification Phn tn ri ro.
Risk-loving Thch ri ro.
Risk Master Phn mm Risk Master
Risk-neutrality Bng quan vi ri ro.
Risk-pool Chung ri ro; Gp chung ri ro.
Risk-sharing Chia x ri ro.
Tnh hu tranh; Tnh cnh tranh (trong tiu
Rival
dng).
Robbins, Lionel (1898-1984).
Robinson, Joan V. (1903-1983).
Robinson-Patman Act o lut Robinson-Patman.
Roosa effect Hiu ng Roosa.
Roots Cc nghim, cn s.
Rostow model M hnh Rostow
Roundaboutness Phng php sn xut gin tip.
Royalty Thu ti nguyn.
Tin hoa hng (cn c vo kt qu lm vic
Royalties
c nhn).
RPI Ch s gi bn l.
Rule-of-thumb Quy tc t t.
Rybczcynski theorem nh l Rybczcynski.
Robustness of an exchange rate regime Tnh thit thc ca mt ch t gi hi oi.
Run (a) (mt) cn st rt tin.
Sackings Con s sa thi.
St. Louis model M hnh St. Louis.
St Petersburg paradox Nghch l St Petersburg.
Salary Lng
Sales maximization hypothesis Gi thuyt v ti a ho doanh thu.
Sales tax Thu bn hng.
Salvage Gi tr thanh l.
Sample Mu.
Sample space Khng gian mu.
Samuelson, Paul (1915-)
Samuelson test Kim nh Samuelson.
Satiation Bo ho.
Satisficing behaviour Hnh vi tho mn.
Savings Tit kim.
Savings and loan associations Cc hip hi tit kim v cho vay.
Savings function Hm Tit kim.
Savings-investment approach to the Phng php tit kim - u t i vi cn
balance of payments cn thanh ton.
Say, Jean-Baptiste (1767-1832)
Scarcity S khan him.
Scarce currency ng tin him.
Scatter Biu tn x.
Scatter diagram th ri.
Schooling functions Cc hm gio dc.
Schultz, Theodore W. (1902-)
Schumpeter, Joseph A. (1883-1950)
Scientific tariff Thu khoa hc.
Scitovsky paradox Nghch l Scitovsky.
Scitovsky reversal criterion Tiu ch nghch o Scitovsky.
Screening hypothesis Gi thit sng lc.
Scrip issue C phiu pht hnh cho c ng hin hnh.
SDR Quyn rt tin c bit.
Search costs Chi ph tm kim (vic lm).
Search unemployment Tht nghip do tm kim vic lm.
Seasonal adjustment iu chnh thi v.
Seasonal unemployment Tht nghip thi v.
Secondary banks Cc ngn hng th cp.
Secondary market Th trng th cp.
Secondary worker Cng nhn hng hai.
Second-best (Tnh trng) tt nh.
Second order condition iu kin o hm bc hai.
Secular supply curve ng cung lao ng trng k.
Secular trend Xu hng lu di
Secured Nhng khon vay c bo lnh.
Securities Chng khon.
Securities and Exchange Commission
U ban chng khon.
(SEC)
Securities and Invesment Board (SIB) Hi ng chng khon v u t.
Securitization Chng khon ho.
Seignorage Thu c tin, ph c tin.
Self-liquidating T thanh ton.
Self-liquidating advances Cc khon ng trc t thanh ton.
Self-regulating organzations (SROs) Cc t chc t iu tit.
Semi log Phng php bn Lgarit ho.
Senior, Nassau W. (1790-1864)
Seniority practices Phng php thm nin.
Sensitivity analysis Phn tch nhy cm.
Separability of preferences Tnh phn chia ca s a thch.
S tch bit gia quyn s hu v quyn
Separation of ownership from control
kim sot.
Serial correlation Tng quan chui.
Service of debt Tr li sut n.
Services Cc dch v.
Severance pay Bi thng mt vic.
Shadow economy Nn kinh t bng.
Shadow price Gi bng
Shadow wage rate Mc tin cng bng.
Share C phiu.
Share economy Kinh t phn phi.
Share price Gi c phiu.
Sharpe, William F. (1934-)
Sherman Act o lut Sherman.
Shift effect hypothesis Gi thuyt v hiu ng dch chuyn.
Shift share analysis Phn tch cc phn gy dch chuyn.
M hnh v tnh li; M hnh v tnh ln
Shirking model
trnh.
Shock effect Hiu ng sc
Shop steward i biu phn xng.
Short-dated securities Cc chng khon ngn hn.
Short run Ngn hn.
Short run average cost Chi ph trung bnh ngn hn.
Short run average fixed cost (AFC) nh ph bnh qun ngn hn.
Short run fixed cost (AFC) nh ph ngn hn.
Short run consumption function Hm tiu dng ngn hn.
Short run marginal cost (SMC) Chi ph bin ngn hn.
Short run total cost (STC) Tng ph ngn hn.
Short run variable costs (SVC) Bin ph ngn hn.
Short run adjustments Nhng iu chnh gi ngn hn.
Long run adjustments Nhng iu chnh gi di hn.
Short run aggregate suply schedule Biu cung gp ngn hn.
Short-time working Lm vic t gi.
SIC Phn loi nghnh chun.
Side payments Cc khon tr thm.
Sight deposits Tin gi v k hn.
Simon, Herbert A. (1916-)
Simplex alglorithm Thut ton n hnh.
Simulation S m phng.
Simultaneous equation bias lch do phng trnh ng thi.
Simultaneous equations Cc phng trnh ng thi.
Single European Atc (SEA) o lut chu u.
Gi ng ca, cui ngy (th trng chng
Shut down price
khon).
Signaling and screening Pht tn hiu v sng lc.
Significance of coefficients Mc c thng k ca h s.
Singular matrix Ma trn n.
Single market Th trng n nht.
Cc s thch hi t; Nhng iu mun la
Single-peaked preferences
chn c chung.
Sinking fund Qu d phng hon tr.
Sismondi, Jean (1773-1842)
Situation utility possibility frontier ng gii hn kh nng tho dng tnh th.
Size distribution of firms Phn phi theo quy m v hng.
Skewed distribution Phn phi lch.
Skill differentials Cc chnh lch theo k nng lao ng.
Slack plans Cc k hoch lng; Cc k hoch tr tr.
Slump (Giai on) suy thoi; Khng hong kinh t.
Slutsky, Eugen (1880-1948).
Slutsky equation Phng trnh Slutsky.
Smith, Adam (1723-1790)
Snake Con rn.
Snob effect Hiu ng ua i.
Social cost of monopoly Ph tn x hi do c quyn.
Social benefit Li ch x hi.
Social choice S la chn ca x hi.
Social Contract Tho thun x hi.
Social cost Ph tn x hi; Chi ph x hi.
Social decision rule Nguyn tc quyt nh x hi.
Social discount rate T sut chit khu x hi.
Social economics Kinh t hc x hi.
Social Fund Qu x hi.
Socialism Ch ngha x hi.
Socially necessary labour Lao ng cn thit cho x hi.
Social Marginal productivity criterion Tiu chun nng sut x hi cn bin.
Social opportunity cost of capital Chi ph c hi x hi ca vn.
Social optimum Ti u i vi x hi.
Social relations of production Cc quan h x hi ca sn xut.
Social returns to education Li tc x hi ca gio dc.
Social time preference rate T sut s thch theo thi gian ca x hi.
Social welfare Phc li x hi.
Social welfare function Hm phc li x hi.
Soft currency ng tin yu.
Soft loan Vn vay u i.
Solow, Robert (1924-)
Sole trader Ngi bun bn c th.
Solvent (= creditworthy) C tn nhim, c kh nng thanh ton n.
Spatial economics Kinh t hc khng gian.
Spatial monopoly c quyn nh khng gian; c quyn vng.
Spatial price discrimination S phn bit gi c theo khu vc.
Spearman's rank correlation Tng quan v th bc Spearman
Special Areas Cc khu vc c bit.
Special drawing rights (SDRs) Quyn rt vn c bit.
Special deposits Cc khon k qu c bit.
Special Development Areas Cc Khu vc Pht trin c bit.
Specialization Chuyn mn ho.
Specialization, coefficient of H s chuyn mn ho.
Specie Tin xu.
Specie flow mechanism C ch chy vng.
Specie points Im chy vng.
Specification error Sai st k thut.
Specifix tax Thu c th.
Specifix training o to c th.
Spectral analysis PHn tch quang ph.
Speculation u c.
Speculative balances Tin u c.
Speculative boom S bng n do u c.
Speculative bubbles Cc bong bng do u c.
Speculative demand for money Cu v tin do u c.
Speculative motive for holding money ng c u c tin.
Speculative unemployment Tht nghip do u c.
Spillover Hiu ng lan to.
Spillover hypothesis Gi thuyt v hiu ng lan to.
Spot market Th trng giao ngay.
Spread effects Hiu ng lan trn.
Spurious regression problem Bi ton hi quy gi.
Sraffa, Piero (1898-1938)
Stability S n nh.
Stabilization S n nh ho.
Stabilization function Chc nng n nh ho.
Stackelberg's duopoly model M hnh lng c quyn ca Stackelberg.
Stabilization policy Chnh sch n nh ho .
K ong hoa; Ngi bun bn chng khon
Stag
ht ngn.
Stages of growth Cc giai on tng trng.
Stagflation Suy thoi km lm pht.
Stamp duty Thu tem .
Standard commodity Hng ha tiu chun.
Standard deviation lch chun.
Standard error Sai s chun
Standard Industrial Classification (SIC) Phn loi Cng nghip theo Tiu chun.
Standard of living Mc sng.
Standard Regions Cc khu vc chun.
Standard weekly hours S gi lm vic chun hng tun.
Standard working week Tun lm vic chun.
State organization of production in
T chc sn xut quc doanh ng u.
Eastern Europe
Static expectations Cc k vng tnh.
Stationarity Tnh cht tnh ti.
Stationary point im tnh ti.
Stationary state Trng thi tnh ti.
Statistic Thng k.
Statistical cost analysis Phn tch chi ph thng k.
Statistical inference S suy lun thng k.
Statistical significance ngha thng k.
Tng trng mc n nh; Tng trng u
Steady-state growth
n.
Steady-state models Cc m hnh v tnh trng n nh.
Stepwise regression Hi quy theo bc .
Stereotypes Cc nh kin.
Ht tc ng, v hiu ho (bng chnh sch
Sterilization
tin t).
Sterling area Khu vc ng sterling .
George, Joseph Stigler (1911-1991).
Stochastic Tnh ngu nhin thng k.
Stochastic process Qu trnh ngu nhin thng k.
C phn, c phiu, dung lng vn, tr
Stock
lng.
Stock-adjustment demand function Hm cu iu chnh theo lng vn.
Stock appreciation S ln gi hng tn kho.
Stockbroker Nh mi gii chng khon.
Stock diviend C tc bng c phn.
Stock exchange S giao dch chng khon.
Stock market Th trng chng khon.
Stock option Quyn mua/ bn chng khon.
Stocks D tr.
Stolper-Samuelson Theorem nh l Stolper-Samuelson.
Stone, Sir Richard (1913-1991).
"stop-go" "Hn ch - thc y".
Store of value Tch tr gi tr.
Strategic voting B phiu chin lc.
Strike insurance Bo him nh cng.
Strike measures Cc thc o v nh cng.
Strikes Cc cuc nh cng.
Strongly exogenous Nng v ngoi ngoi sinh.
Strongly stationary Rt tnh ti.
Structural form Dng c cu.
Structural unemployment Tht nghip c cu.
Structure-conduct-performance
M hnh c cu -thc thi -kt qu.
framework
Structure of interest rates Biu khung li xut; C cu li sut.
Structure of taxes Biu khung thu; C cu thu.
Subsidy Tr cp.
Subsistence Mc sng.
Subsistence expenditures Chi tiu cho mc sng.
Subsistence wage Tin cng sng.
Substitute Hng thay th.
Substitution effect Hiu ng thay th.
Sum of squares Tng cc bnh phng.
Sunk costs Cc chi ph chm.
Superconsistency Siu nht qun.
Super-environment Siu mi trng.
Superior goods Siu hng ho.
Super-neutrality Siu trung lp.
Super-normal profits Li nhun siu ngch.
Supernumerary expenditure Siu chi tiu.
Supplementary benefit Tr cp b sung.
Supplementary special deposits Tin gi c bit b sung
Supply curve ng cung.
Supply of effort Cung n lc.
Supply of inflation Cung lm pht.
Supply of labour Cung lao ng.
Supply-side economics Kinh t hc trng cung.
Surplus unit n v thng d.
Surplus value Gi tr thng d.
Surrogate production function Hm sn xut thay th.
Survivor technique K thut sng st.
Sustainable development Pht trin bn vng.
Swap arrangements Cc tho thun hon i.
Paul Sweezy (1910-)
System estimator c lng h thng.
Taft-Hartley Act B lut Taft-Hartley.
Take-Home pay Thu nhp kh chi.
Take-off Ct cnh .
Takeover Thu mua.
Takeover and mergers S mua t v hp nht .
Takeover bid Tr gi thu mua.
Tangible assets Ti sn hu hnh.
Tangible wealth Ca ci hu hnh.
Tangency equilibrium Tip im cn bng.
Tap issue Bn l chng khon lin tc.
Targets Mc tiu (nh lng).
Tariff Thu quan.
Tariff factory Nh my trnh thu quan.
Tariff Structure Khung biu thu quan.
Tatonnement D dm.
Taxable income Thu nhp chu thu.
Taxation S nh thu.
Tax base C s thu.
Tax burden Gnh nng thu.
Tax credit Ghi c thu.
Tax credit scheme C ch ghi c thu.
Tax disincentive S lm gim khuyn khch ca thu.
Tax expenditure Chi tiu () trnh thu.
Tax-push inflation Lm pht do thu y.
Tax shifting Chuyn y thu.
Tax yield Tin thu thu.
T-distribution Phn phi T.
Technical progress Tin b k thut.
Technological dualism M hnh nh nguyn v cng ngh.
Technological external effects Ngoi ng ca cng ngh.
Technological progress Tin b cng ngh.
Technological unemployment Tht nghip do cng ngh.
Technology, choice of S la chn cng ngh.
Technology matrix Ma trn cngngh.
Technology transfer Chuyn giao cng ngh.
Technology Cng ngh.
Technostructure Cu trc cng ngh.
Temporary layoffs Sa thi tm thi.
Term loan Khon vay k hn.
Terms of trade T gi thng mi.
Term structure of interest rates C cu k hn ca li xut.
Test discount rate Li xut chit khu kim nh.
Test statistic Thng k kim nh.
Threat effect Tc ng e do.
Threat of pay off Li ch e do.
Three stage least squares Bnh phng nh nht ca ba giai on.
Threshold Ngng.
Threshold analys Phn tch ngng.
Threshold effect Tc ng ngng.
Threshold of a good Ngng ca mt hng ho.
Thunen, Johann Heinrich von (1783-1850)
Tiebout model M hn Tiebout.
Tight money Tht cht tin t.
Time, allocation of Phn b thi gian.
Time deposit Tin gi c k hn.
Time preference S thch theo thi gian.
Time series Chui s/d liu theo thi gian.
Time varying parameter models Cc m hnh bin s thay i theo thi gian.
Tinbergen, Jan (1903-)
Tobin, James (1918-)
Todaro model M hnh Todaro.
Token money Tin quy c.
Tokyo Round Vng m phn Tokyo.
Total cost Tng ph; chi ph tng.
Total remuneration Th lao tng.
Total Revenue Doanh thu tng.
Trade Thng mi (hay mu dch).
Trade bill Hi phiu thng mi.
Trade creation S to lp thng mi.
Trade credit Tn dng thng mi.
Trade cycle Chu k thng mi.
Trade-off S nh i.
Traditional sectors Cc khu vc truyn thng.
Transactions approach Phng php giao dch.
Transactions balances Cc s d giao dch.
Transactions costs Cc chi ph giao dch.
Transaction Giao dch / thng v.
Transactions demand for money Cu v tin giao dch.
Transactions motive for holding money ng c gi tin giao dch.
Transactions velocity of circulation Tc lu thng giao dch.
Transcendental logarithMIC production
Hm sn xut tru tng dng logarit
function
Transcendental production function Hm sn xut tru tng.
Transferable rouble Rp chuyn i c.
Transfer costs Chi ph vn chuyn.
Transfer deed Chc b chuyn giao.
Transfer earnings Thng d kinh t.
Transfer incomes Thu nhp do chuyn nhng.
Transfer of technology Chuyn giao cng ngh.
Transfer payment Thanh ton chuyn nhng.
Transfer pricing nh gi chuyn nhng.
Transfer problem Vn chuyn nhng.
Transformation function Hm chuyn i.
Transformation problem Bi ton chuyn i.
Transitivity of preferences Tnh bc cu ca s thch.
Transitory consumption Tiu dng qa .
Transitory income Thu nhp qu .
Translog production function Hm sn xut chuyn dng l-ga-rt.
Trans-shipment points Cc im chuyn i phng tin vn chuyn.
Treasury, the B ti chnh Anh.
Treasury US department of B ti chnh M.
Treasury bill Tn phiu b ti chnh.
Treasury Deposit Receipt (TDR) Bin nhn tin gi B ti chnh.
Tho thun gia b ti chnh v Cc d tr
Treasury - Federal Reserve Accord
lin bang.
Treasury note ng tin ca b ti chnh.
Treasury view Quan im ca b ti chnh.
Treaty of Rome Hip c Rome.
Trend Xu hng.
Trend stationary process (TSP) Qu trnh tnh ti ca xu hng.
Trigonometric functions Cc hm lng gic.
Truncated earnings function Hm thu nhp rt gn.
Trust T-rt.
t-statistic Thng k t.
Turning point im ngot
Turnover Doanh thu, kim ngch.
Turnover tax Thu kim ngch.
Turnpike theorems Cc nh l cng ngn.
Twelve-month rule Quy tc mi hai thng.
Two sector growth model M hnh tng trng hai khu vc.
Two stage leatst squares (TSLS hoc 2
Bnh phng nh nht hai giai on
SLS)
Tying contract Hp ng bn km.
Type I/ type II Sai s loi I / loi II.
U-form enterprise Doanh nghip dng ch U.
Unanimity rule Quy tc nht tr hon ton.
Unianticipated inflation Lm pht khng c lng trc.
Unbalanced economic growth S tng trng kinh t khng cn i.
Unbiased estimator c lng khng chch.
Uncalled capital Vn cha huy ng.
Uncertainty S khng chc chn.
Unconvertible loan stock C phn khng th chuyn i c
Unconvered interest parity Li sut ngang bng cha tnh.
Din n ca Lin hip quc v thng mi
UNCTAD
v Pht trin.
Undated securities Chng khon khng ghi ngy.
Underdeveloped countries Cc nc chm pht trin.
Underdevelopment S chm pht trin.
Underemployed workers Cc cng nhn phim dng.
Underemployment S phim dng.
Underidentification S cha nhn dng.
Undervalue currency ng tin nh gi thp.
Underwriter Ngi bo him.
Undistributed profits Li nhun khng chia.
Unearned income Thu nhp phi tin lng.
Unemployment Tht nghip.
Unemployment benefit Tr cp tht nghip.
Unemployment equilibrium Cn bng tht nghip.
Unemployment rate T l tht nghip.
Unequal exchange S trao i khng ngang bng.
UNIDO guidelines Cc hng dn ca UNIDO.
Unintended inventory disinvestment Gim u t vo tn kho khng d kin.
Unintended inventory investment u t vo tn kho ngoi d kin.
Union density T l tham gia cng on.
Union market power Sc mnh ca cng on i vi th trng.
Chnh lch tin lng gia cng nhn tham
Union/non-union differential
gia v khng tham gia cng on.
Union pushfulness Tnh thch tranh u ca cng on.
Union shop "quy tri buc"
Uniqueness Tnh c nht.
Unit root tests Kim nh n v.
United Nations Capital Development
Qu pht trin vn ca Lin hp quc.
Fund
United Nations Conference on Trade and Hi ngh Lin hip quc v Thng mi v
Development (UNCTAD) Pht trin.
United Nationns Development
Chng trnh pht trin ca Lin hp quc.
Programme (UNDP)
United Nationns Industrial Development T chc pht trin cng nghip ca Lin hp
Organization (UNIDO) quc.
Unit of account n v k ton.
Unit tax Thu n v.
Unit Trust c quyn n v.
Unlisted Securities Market (USM) Th trng chng khon khng nim yt.
Unsecured loan stock C phn vay khng bo lnh.
Unvalidated inflation Lm pht khng cho php.
Urban economics Kinh t hc th.
Urbanization economies Tnh kinh t ca th ho.
Uruguay Round Vng m phn Uruguay.
User cost of capital Chi ph s dng vn.
Use value and exchange value Gi tr s dng v gi tr trao i.
U-shaped cost curves Cc ng chi ph hnh ch U.
Utility tho dng.
Utility function Hm tho dng.
Utilitarianism Ch ngha v li.
Vacancies Ch lm vic cn trng.
Vacancy rate T l ch lm vic cn trng.
Validated inflation Lm pht cho php.
Valuation curve ng nh gi.
Valuation ratio T s nh gi.
Value, money, a standard of Tiu chun gi tr ca tin.
Value, theory of L thuyt v gi tr.
Value added Gi tr gia tng.
Value-added tax Thu Gi tr gia tng.
Value judgement nh gi ch quan.
Value marginal physical product Sn phm vt cht gi tr bin.
Variable capital Vn (t bn) kh bin.
Variable cost Cc chi ph kh bin.
Variable elasticity of substitution (VES production function) - co gin kh
production function bin ca hm sn xut thay th.
Variable labour costs Cc chi ph lao ng kh bin.
Variable parameter models Cc m hnh thng s kh bin.
Variance Phng sai
Variance-covariance matrix Ma trn phng sai - hip phng sai.
Variation Bin ng.
Veblen, Thorstein B. (1857-1926)
Veblen effect Hiu ng Veblen.
Vector Vc-t.
Vector autoregression (VAR) T hi quy vc t.
Vehicle currency ng tin phng tin.
Veil of ignorance Mng che ngu dt.
Veil of money Mng che tin.
Velocity of circulation Tc lu thng.
Venture capital Vn mo him.
Vertical equity Cng bng theo chiu dc.
Vertical integration Lin kt dc.
Vertical merger Sp nhp chiu dc.
Vertical Phillips curve ng Phillips thng ng.
VES production function co gin kh bin hm sn xut thay th.
Vicious circles Cc vng lun qun.
Victim company Cng ty nn nhn.
Vintage growth models M hnh tng trng theo thi gian.
Virtuous circles Vng thot.
Visibility hypothesis Gi thuyt v tnh minh bch.
Visible balance Cn cn hu hnh.
Voluntary-exchange model M hnh trao i t nguyn.
Voluntary export restraint Hn ch xut khu t nguyn.
Voluntary unemployment Tht nghip t nguyn.
Von Neumann-Morgenstern utility Tho dng Von Neumann-Morgenstern.
Von Neumann ratio T s Von Neumann.
Vote maximizer Ngi mun ti a ho phiu bu.
Vote trading Trao i phiu bu.
Cc c phiu c quyn b phiu v khng c
Voting and non-voting shares
quyn b phiu.
Voucher Tem phiu.
Voucher schemes Cc chng trnh theo phiu.
Wage competition model M hnh cnh tranh bng tin cng
Wage contour Vng tin cng.
Wage contracts Hp ng tin cng
Wage differentials Chnh lc tin cng
Wage discrimination Phn bit i x tin cng.
Wage drift Mc trt tin cng.
Wage fund Qu lng.
Wage inflation Lm pht tin cng.
Wage leadership Xc nh tin cng theo mc tham kho.
Wage-price spiral Vng xoy tin cng-gi
Wage-push inflation Lm pht do tin cng y.
Wage rates Cc mc tin cng.
Wage restraint Hn ch tin cng.
Wage round Vng quay tin cng.
Wage boards Ban iu hnh tin cng.
Wages Councils Cc hi ng tin cng.
Wages freeze Hn mc tin cng.
Wages fund doctrine Hc thuyt qu lng.
Wages structure Cu trc tin cng
Wage theory L thuyt tin cng.
Wage-wage sprial Vng xoy tin cng-tin cng.
Wagner's law nh lut Wagner
Wait umemployment Tht nghip do ch vic.
Wall Street Ph Wall
Walras, Lon (1834-1910)
Walras' law nh lut Walras.
Want creation To ra mong mun tiu dng.
Warrant S m bo.
Warranted rate of growth Tc tng trng m bo.
Warranted unemployment rate T l tht nghip m bo.
Waste Cht thi.
Ways and means advandces Tm ng.
Weakly stationary Khng chuyn ng hng tun.
Weath Ca ci.
Weath effect Hiu ng ca ci.
Weath tax Thu ca ci.
Wear and tear Khu hao.
Weberian location theory L thuyt Weber v v tr .
Weighted average Bnh qun gia quyn.
Weighted least squares Bnh phng gia quyn nh nht.
Weighted mean Trung bnh gia quyn.
Welfare economics Kinh t hc phc li.
Welfare function Hm phc li.
Welfare state Nh nc phc li.
Well-behaved C hnh vi tt.
Wharton model M hnh Wharton.
Whipsawing Ca ko.
White-collar worker Cng nhn c trng, bn giy.
White noise Nhiu trng.
White plan K hoch White.
Wholesale Bun bn, bn s.
Wholesale banking Dch v ngn hng bn bun.
Wicksell, Knut (1851-1926)
Wicksell effects Cc hiu ng ca Wicksell.
Wieser, Friederich von (1851-1926)
Wildcat strike Bi cng "khng chnh thc"
Willingness to pay Mc sn sng tr.
Wilson Committee U ban Wilson.
Windfall gain Thu nhp bt thng.
Windfall loss L bt thng.
Winding up S pht mi.
Window dressing S "lm p" bo co ti chnh.
Withdrawals Cc con s tn rt.
Withholding tax Thu chuyn li nhun v nc.
Workable competition Cnh tranh c th th thc hin c.
Workers' co-operative Hp tc x ca cng nhn.
Workers' partipation S tham gia ca ngi lao ng.
Working capital Vn lu ng.
Working capital ratio T s vn lu ng.
Working population Lc lng lao ng.
Work in progress Sn phm ang gia cng.
Work-leisure model M hnh lao ng - ngh ngi.
Work sharing Chia s cng vic.
Work to rule Lm vic theo quy nh.
World Bank Ngn hng th gii.
Writing-down allowance Khu hao, s xung gi.
X-efficiency Hiu qu X.
Y-efficiency Hiu qu Y.
Yeild Li tc.
Yeild gap Chnh lch li tc.
Yeild gap on securities Chnh lch li tc chng khon.
Zellner-Giesel Quy c Zellner-Giesel.
Zero-rate goods Cc hng ho c mc thu bng 0.
Z variable Bin s Z.
Organization slack S lng lo v t chc.
Perfect information Thng tin hon ho.
Personal income Hypothesis Gi thuyt v thu nhp lu di.
Personal income distribution Phn phi thu nhp cho c nhn.
Tc ng v hiu ho thm ht cn cn thanh ton bi dng
Sterilization impact of capital inflow
vn chy vo.
Substitution effect of wages nh hng/Tc ng thay th ca tin cng.
Time series data Dy s liu theo thi gian.
Accounting price Gi k ton.
Accumulated depreciation Khu hao tch lu.
Scenario analysis Phn tch tnh hung.
Sensitivity analysis Phn tch nhy.
Appraisal Thm nh.
Appreciation (currency) Tng gi.
Appreciation and depreciation Tng gi v gim gi tr.
Arbitrage Kinh doanh da vo chnh lch t gi.
Balanced (GDP) (GDP) c cn i.
Balanced equilibrium (GDP) (GDP) cn bng.

Ch s tnh s bin ng li tc ca mt c phiu cng vi s

Beta
bin ng li tc ca ton b th trng chng khon.

Black market premium Mc/ Khon chnh lc ca th trng ch en.

Blue-chip stock C phiu sng gi.

Gild-edged bonds Tri phiu chnh ph c gi tr cao.
Border price Gi ca khu.
Multi-collinearity a cng tuyn.
Combination T hp.
Compensating differentials Cc mc b thm lng.
Constant returns to scale Sinh li c nh theo quy m.
Hn ch/ rng buc (khng chnh thc/ chnh thc; ngoi quy
Constrain informal/ formal
nh/ theo quy nh).
Consumer sovereignty Ch quyn ngi tiu dng.
Consumer surplus Thng d ngi tiu dng.
Consumption Tiu dng.
Independent/ induced consumption Tiu dng ph thuc / thay i.
Consumption function Hm Tiu dng.
Contestable market Th trng c th cnh tranh c.
Conversion factor H s chuyn i.
Cornor solution Gii php kh x.
Criminalization
Cross price elasticity of demand
Cross-section data
Crowding-out effect
Dead weight loss
Dead weight tax burden
Debt rescheduling
Decile
Differentiated goods
Dirigiste
Distortions and market failure
Distribution
Continuous distribution
Deterministic distribution
Equilibrium aggregate output
Equilizing wage diffirentials
Equity
Evolving market condition
Exogenuos expectations
Expected inflation
Unexpected inflation
Fiat (or token) money
Final goods
Finance deepening
Fine turning
Intermediate goods
F-test
Automatic fiscal policy
Discretionary fiscal policy
Expasionary fiscal policy
Contractionary fiscal policy
Flow variable
Future value
Sharp gyration
Maturity
Non performings assets
Non performings loans
Non trade
Offer price
Opportunity cost of capital
Open economy economics
Other thng equal
Perceived Wealth
Percentage change
Perfect capital mobility
Performance
Physical and financial capital
Positive bais
Quy l ti phm.
co gin theo gi cho ca cu.
S liu cho/ mu/ c trng.
Tc ng ln p, chn p.
S/ mc mt mt v ch.
Gnh nng v ch ca thu kho.
Hon n/ gia hn n.
Thnh mi nhm bng nhau.
Hng ho cng loi mang nt c trng ring.
Chnh ph can thip.
Cc bin dng v tht bi ca th trng.
Phn phi.
Phn phi lin tc.
Phn phi tt nh.
Tng sn lng cn bng.
Cn bng cc mc chnh lch tin cng.
Vn c phn.
S tin trin ca tnh hnh kinh t.
Nhng d tnh ngoi sinh.
Lm pht d tnh c.
Lm pht bt thng..
Tin php nh.
Hng ho cui cng.
Tng cng ti chnh; pht trin h thng ti chnh.
Tinh chnh.
Hng ho trung gian.
Kim nh Fisher.
Chnh sch thu chi ngn sch t ng.
Chnh sch thu chi ngn sch ch ng.
Chnh sch thu chi ngn sch m rng.
Chnh sch thu chi ngn sch thu hp.
Bin s mang tnh dng chy.
Gi tr tng lai.
Chu k vng xoay r rt.
n hn thanh ton.
Nhng ti sn khng sinh li.
Nhng khon vay khng thc hin ng hp ng.
Phi ngoi thng
Gi cho.
Chi ph c hi ca vn
Kinh t hc v m ca nn kinh t m.
Cc iu kin khc khng i.
Ca ci d tnh c.
Chnh lch tnh bng phn trm.
Kh nng lu chuyn hon ho ca vn.
Thnh qu.
Vn hin vt v vn ti chnh.
Thin lch ng bin.
Pre-commitment
Conditional probality
Cumulative probality
Pure inflation
Quadrant
Quasiliquid asset
Quick-disbursing fundss
Quintile
Ramdom events
Range of values
Rate of return on investment
Interna Rate of return
Rateable value
Real / relative price
Real balance effect
Real interest rate.
Real prices and real income
Receipt
Recessionary gap
Secular stagnation
Self-financing
Shareholder
Shoe-leather cost of inflation
Stand-by arrangement/ agreement
Standard paradigm
Strategic entry barrier
Strategic entry deterrence
Strategy
Structural adjustment loans
Subsistence agriculture
Subsistence crop
Subsistence wage
Substitutes and complemnt
Sunk cost fallacy
Sunrise and sunset industries
Supernormal profits
Supplementary benefit
Supply-side economics
Symmetric
Non-symmetric
Syndicate loan
Taste
Tax incident
Tax wedge
Tax-base incomes Policy
Technical change through R&D
Technical efficiency
Technical knowlwdge
Cam kt trc.
Xc sut c iu kin.
Xc sut tch lu.
Lm pht thun tu.
Gc to / gc phn t.
Ti sn bn thanh ton.
Tin k pht nhanh.
Thnh nm phn bng nhau.
Cc bin c ngu nhin.
Min gi tr.
Sut sinh li t u t.
Ni sut thu hi vn/ t l hon vn ni b.
Gi tr c th nh thu.
Cc gi thc t/ tng i.
nh hng ca s d tin thc/ hiu ng tin thc.
Mc li sut thc t.
Gi thc t v thu nhp thc t
S thu.
H, khong trng suy thoi.
S nh tr v lu di.
T ti tr.
C ng.
Chi ph giy da ca lm pht.
Hp ng d phng.
thc h/ m hnh/kiu mu tiu chun.
Cn tr chin lc i vi nhp ngnh.
Ngn chn nhp ngnh c tnh chin lc.
Chin lc.
Cc khon vay iu chnh c cu kinh t.
Nng nghip t cung cp t liu.
V ma t tiu.
Lng va sng.
Hng thay th v hng b tr.
S hiu lm v chi ph chm.
Cc ngnh mi mc ln v cc ngnh sp ln (ht thi).
Siu li nhun/ Li nhun siu ngch.
Tr cp b sung.
Kinh t hc trng cung.
i xng
Phii / bt i xng
Cho vay lin hip.
S thch, th hiu.
Ai phi chu thu.
Chnh lch gi do thu.
Chnh sch thu nhp da vo thu.
Thay i cng ngh qua R&D.
Tnh hiu dng v mt k thut.
Tri thc, kin thc, k thut
Testing an economic model Kim nghim mt m hnh thc t.
The Corset K hoch Corset.
Tradable Kh thng.
Trade balance Cn cn thng mi.
Traded and non-traded (goods) Hng ngoi thng v phi ngoi thng.
Trade unions Cng on.
Transaction motives Nhng ng c giao dch.
Precaution motives Nhng ng c d phng.
Assets motives Nhng ng c ti sn.
Transfer in kind Tr cp bng hin vt.
Transmission mechanism C ch lan chuyn.
Trend output path ng biu th xu th sn lng.
Treasury B ti chnh, ngn kh.
Tow-path tariffs (h thng) gi hai phn.
Unvoluntary unemployment T l, s tht nghip bt buc.
Utility maximization Ti a ho tho dng.
Variable Bin s.
Variability bin thin.
Dummy Variable Bin s gi.
Stochastic Variable Bin s ngu nhin.
Variable factor Cc yu t sn xut thay i.
Viability Kh nng thnh tu, tnh kh thi.

Velocity of money Vng quay ca tin, tc lu chuyn ca tin.

Volatility Tnh d bin ng.

Wage and price flexibility Tnh linh hot ca gi c v lng.
Wage-rental ratio T s tin cng- tin thu vn.
Yield on external debt Li trn n nc ngoi.
Yield on investment Li nhun t u t.
Z-score Gi tr ca Z.
Zero growth proposal xut tng trng bng khng.
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1
Office management Qun tr HCVP

2 Office/Administrative manager Nh QLHC/ Gim c HC

3 Administrative assistant Tr l hnh chnh

4 Information manager Trng phng thng tin

5 Records manager Trng phng h s

6 Word processing supervisior or manager Trng phng x l vn bn

7 Receptioninst Tip tn

8 Mail clerk Nhn vin th tn

9 File clerk Nhn vin lu tr HS

10 Stenographer Nhn vin tc k

11 Typist/Clerk typist Nhn vin nh my

12 Word processing operator Nhn vin x l vn bn

13 Secretary Th k

14 Professional Secretary Th k chuyn nghip

15 Speacialized Secretary Th k chuyn ngnh

16 Multifunctional/Traditional/Generalists Th k tng qut

17 Junior Secretary Th k s cp

18 Senior Secretary Th k Trung cp

19 Executive Secretary Th k Gim c

20 Word processing specialist Chuyn vin hnh chnh

21 The Office function Chc nng HCVP

22 Office work Cng vic HCVP

23 Filing Lu tr, sp xp HS
24 Coreespondece Th tn lin lc

25 Computing Tnh ton

26 Communication Truyn thng

27 Dynamic Nng ng

28 Static Tnh

29 A nerve or brain center Mt trung tm thn kinh or b no

30 Paper handling X l cng vn giy t

31 Information handling X l thng tin

32 Top management Cp qun tr cao cp

33 Middle management Cp qun tr cao trung

34 First-line/lower/supervisory management Cp QT tuyn th 1, Cp thp, Cp Qun c

35 Input Information flow Lung thng tin u vo

36 Output Information flow Lung thng tin u ra

37 Internal Information flow Lung thng tin ni b

38 Managerial work Cng vic qun tr

39 Scientific management Qun tr mt cch khoa hc

40 Office planning Hoch nh HCVP

41 Strategic planing Hoch nh chin lc

42 Operational planing Hoch nh tc v

43 Centralization Tp trung

44 Decentralization Phn tn

45 Physical Centralization Tp trung vo mt a bn

46 Functional Centralization Tp trung theo chc nng

47 Organizing T chc

48 Supervisor Kim sot vin

49 Data entry clerk/Operator Nhn vin nhp d kin

50 Intelligent copier operator Nhn vin iu hnh my in thng minh

51 Micrographics Nhn vin iu hnh my sao chp cc tiu

52 Microfilm operator Nhn vin iu hnh my vi phim

53 Mail dstribution cleck Nhn vin phn phi th

54 Courier Nhn vin chy vn th

55 Programmer Lp trnh vin

56 Programmer analyst Chuyn vin phn tch lp trnh

57 System analyst Lp trnh vin h thng

58 Word processing supervisior Kim sot vin x l thng tin

59 General office services supervisor Kim sot vin dch v hnh chnh tng qut

60 Mail processing supervisor Kim sot vin x l th tn

61 Data processing supervisor Kim sot vin x l d kin

62 Officer services Dch v HCVP

63 Intradepartment relationship Mi quan h lin ni b, phng ban

64 Interdepartment relationship Mi quan h lin b phn

65 Customers relationship Mi quan h vi khch hng

66 Processional relationship Mi quan h ngh nghip

67 Controlling Kim tra

68 Monitoring Kim sot

69 Strategic control Kim tra chin lc

70 Tactical control Kim tra chin thut

71 Operational control Kim tra tc v

72 Long term/long run/long rage Di hi, trng k

73 Short term/short run/short rage Ngn hn, on k

74 Mid term/mid run/mid rage Trung hn

75 Administrative control Kim tra hnh chnh

76 Operative control Kim tra hot ng tc v

77 Scheduling Lch cng tc phn chia thi biu

78 Dispatching/Assignment Phn cng cng tc

79 Directing iu hnh

80 Supervising Gim st
81 Correcting Sa sai

82 Recognizing performance Cng nhn thnh tch cng tc

83 Schedule sheet Phiu/Lch cng tc

84 Visible card files Th h s truy tm

85 Folder Phiu/Ba kp H s

86 Wall board Bng treo tng

87 Gantt chart S gantt

88 Measurement o lng, phng tin o lng

89 Standard Tiu chun

90 Subject Standard Tiu chun ch quan

91 Engineered standar Tiu chun tnh ton qua mu

92 Due Thi hn/k hn

93 Elapsed time Thi gian tri qua

94 Report Bo co

95 Instruction Bng hng dn

96 Manual Cm nang

97 Orientation manual Cm nang hi nhp vo mi trng lm vic

98 office manual Cm nang hnh chnh

99 Employee manual/Handbook S tay nhn vin

100 Simplifying office work n gin ha CV hnh chnh

101 Management through systems & procedures Qun tr qua cc h thng v th tc

102 Principles of motion economy Nguyn tc tit kim c ng

103 Rules of minimum efforts Quy tc c gng ti thiu

104 Rules of symmetrical & rhythmic motions Quy tc c ng i xng v nhp nhng

105 Rules of space & tool utilization Quy tc s dng khong trng v dng c

106 Coveyor belt Bng ti

107 Gavity motion Thao tc ri theo trng lng

108 Sliding motion Thao tc lt hay trt

109 Specialization Chuyn mn ha

110 Co-Workers Ngi cng s

111 Work distribution chart S phn phi CV

112 Job correlation chart Lu chuyn

113 Operation Hot ng

114 Transportation Di chuyn

115 Inspection Kim tra

116 Storage Lu tr

117 Position t vo v tr

118 Delay Tr hon, ch i

119 Combined operation Hot ng tng hp

120 Motion study Nghin cu c ng

121 Time study Nghin cu thi gian

122 Form simplication and control n gin ha v kim sot biu mu

123 Flow of work Lung cng vic

124 Private office Vn phng ring

125 Departmental relationship Mi tng quan gia cc phng ban

126 Partion Vch ngn

127 Open office vn phng rng c s dng vch ngn

128 Receiving office Phng tip khch

129 Conference room Phng hp

130 Warm color Mu m

131 Cool color Mu mt

132 Primary colors Mu chnh

133 Secondary colors Mu ph

134 Tertiary Mu phi hp

135 Work in process Cng vic ang tin hnh

136 Tickler forder file Ba h s nht k

137 Ticker card file Th H s nht k

138 Diary/daybook S tay hay s nht k

139 Time schedule Lch thi biu cng tc

140 Daily calendar Lch tng ngy trn bn

141 Interruption Thi gian b gin on

142 Time is money Thi gian l tin bc

143 Uninterrupted Thi gian ko b gin on/Thi gian yn tnh

144 Handle paperwork accumulation Gii quyt/X l H s Cng vn tn ng

145 Dictating machine my c

146 Low payoff items Nhng vic lt vt khng cn thit

147 High payoff items Nhng vic quan trng v c li

148 To keep track of sb/sth Theo st ai/ci g

149 To lose track of sb/sth Khng theo st ai/ci g

150 Plan for periods relaxation K hoch cho thi gian ngh x hi

151 Workaholic Ngi ham hay qu say m vic

152 To save working time Tit kim thi gian

153 Productive period of the day Thi gian lm vic c nng xut cao trong ngy

154 Incoming mail Vn th n

155 Special service mail Vn th khn (c bit)

156 Personal mail Th c nhn

 157 Special delivery letter Th pht ring/pht nhanh

158 Registered mail th bo m

159 Mail marked Confidential Th ng du Mt

160 First-Class mail Th loi 1

161 Second-Class mail Th loi 2

162 Third-Class mail Th loi 3

163 Fourth-Class mail Th loi 4

164 Date and time stamping ng du ngy gi

165 Reading and annotating c v ghi ch

166 Presenting the mail a th tn cho cp trn duyt

167 Routing mail Son phiu lun chuyn th tn

168 Distributing mail Phn phi th tn

169 Routing slip Phiu lun chuyn ti liu

Thut ng trong XNK (Q-R-S)

Nhn: Kin thc XNK

undefined

undefined
Vng loi
Data element whose value is expressed as a code that gives specific meaning to the function of
another data element or a segment. D liu nguyn t c gi tr c th hin nh l mt m cho
rng ngha c th cho cc chc nng ca mt phn t d liu hoc mt phn on.
Quality (ISO 8402) Cht lng (ISO 8402)
Totality of features and characteristics of a product or service that bear on its ability to satisfy stated
or implied needs. Tng th cc tnh nng v c im ca mt sn phm hoc dch v m chu v kh
nng p ng nhu cu nu hay ng . Note: The ISO 9000 standards on quality management and
quality assurance consist of 4 standards: 9000 guidelines for selection and use, 9001 model for quality
assurance in design/development, 9002 model for quality assurance in production and installation,
9003 model for quality assurance in final inspection and test, and 9004 guidelines for quality
management and quality system elements. Lu : Cc tiu chun ISO 9000 v qun l cht lng v
m bo cht lng bao gm 4 tiu chun: 9000 hng dn la chn v s dng, 9.001 m hnh cho
bo m cht lng trong thit k / pht trin, 9.002 m hnh cho bo m cht lng trong sn xut
v lp t, 9.003 m hnh cho bo m cht lng trong cui cng kim tra, kim tra, v 9.004 hng
dn qun l cht lng v cc thnh phn h thng cht lng.

Quality Assurance (ISO 8402) m bo cht lng (ISO 8402)

All those planned and systematic actions necessary to provide adequate confidence that a product or
service satisfies given requirements for quality. Tt c nhng k hoch v c h thng cc hnh ng
cn thit cung cp cho nim tin rng mt sn phm hay dch v p ng c cc yu cu v cht
lng.

Quality Control (ISO 8402) Qun l cht lng (ISO 8402)

Operational techniques and activities that are used to fulfil requirements for quality. K thut hot
ng v cc hot ng c s dng thc hin cc yu cu v cht lng.

Quantity Charge S lng Charge

Unit rate which is lower than the normal rate and applies to shipments meeting specific weight
requirements (air cargo). n v tnh l t l thp hn mc bnh thng v p dng cho cc l hng
trng lng p ng yu cu c th (khng kh vn chuyn hng ha).

Quantity Discount S lng gim gi

Proportional reduction of a rate based on quantity (air cargo). T l gim mt t l da trn s lng
hng ha khng kh ().
Normal Charge Bnh thng Charge

Quarantine Kim dch

Period during which an arriving vessel, including its equipment, cargo, crew or passengers, suspected
to carry or carrying a contagious disease is detained in strict isolation to prevent the spread of such a
disease. Thi im khi m mt tu n, bao gm trang thit b, hng ha ca mnh, phi hnh on
hoc hnh khch, b nghi thc hin hoc thc hin mt bnh truyn nhim l b giam gi trong s c
lp cht ch ngn chn s ly lan ca dch bnh nh vy.

Quay Quay
That part of a wharf which is intended for the mooring of vessels. l mt phn ca mt cu cng
d nh cho cc neo tu.
Synonym: Pier Wharf ng ngha: Pier Wharf

Queue Time Thi gian hng i

Waiting Time Thi gian ch

Quotas Hn ngch
System of controlling imports, exports or production by specifying a certain limitation. H thng kim
sot nhp khu, xut khu hoc sn xut bng cch xc nh mt gii hn nht nh.

Quotation Bo gi
Free offer to sell goods at a stated price and under specified conditions. Min ph giao dch bn hng
ho vi gi c nu v trong cc iu kin quy nh.

Quotation Expiration Date Bo Gi Ngy ht hn

Date from which a quotation price is no longer valid. Ngy m t mt gi bo gi khng cn gi tr.

RP
Return Premium. Tr Premium.

Rail Consignment Note ng st Consignment Lu

Document evidencing a contract for the transport of goods by rail. Ti liu chng minh mt hp ng
cho vic vn chuyn hng ha bng ng st.

Ramp on ng ni
Artificially inclined path, road or track along which wheeled vehicles, cargo and trailers may pass for
the purpose of changing their elevation and facilitating the loading and unloading operation (eg an
entrance way into a Roll-on/Roll-off vessel). Gi to nghing ng dn, theo di dc theo ng b
hoc c bnh xe, vn chuyn hng ha v trailers c th vt qua cho mc ch ca vic thay i
cao ca h v to iu kin cho vic bc d hng hot ng (v d nh mt cch tuyn sinh vo mt
tu Roll-on/Roll-off).
Platform (air cargo) H iu hnh (vn chuyn hng ha)

Ramp Handling X l on ng ni
Platform Handling Nn tng x l

Rate T l
Charge per unit of freight for a specific service. Ph cho mi n v vn ti hng ha cho mt dch v
c th.

Rate of Calculation Tc Tnh ton

Factor for the calculation of an amount. Yu t tnh s tin.

Rate of Turn Tc R
Figure indicating the speed of a change of course of a means of transport expressed in degrees per
minute. Hnh cho thy tc ca s thay i tt nhin ca mt phng tin vn ti biu hin mi
pht.

Rate Proration T l Proration

Proration on the basis of the applicable local rates (air cargo). Proration trn c s ca cc a phng
p dng t gi (vn chuyn hng ha).

Rating Rating
Classification. Phn loi.

Re-invoicing Ti lp ho n
Procedure whereby goods are invoiced in two stages: at first by the supplier to an intermediary and
subsequently by the intermediary to the customer. Th tc theo hng ha c lp ho n theo
hai giai on: lc u tin bi nh cung cp n trung gian v sau do trung gian cho khch hng.

Rebate Gim gi
Discount. Gim gi.

Receipt Bin lai

Written acknowledgement confirming receipt of goods, cash or documents. Ngi vit ghi nhn xc
nhn nhn hng, tin mt hoc ti liu.

Received for Shipment Bill of Lading Nhn c i vi l hng Bill of Lading

Bill of Lading issued by the carrier evidencing actual receipt of merchandise for shipment. Bill of
Lading do tu sn bay chng minh nhn thc t ca hng ha cho l hng. Also referred to as a Dock
Receipt. Cng c gi l mt Nhn Dock.
Dock Receipt Mate's Receipt Dock Receipt Mate's Receipt

Receiving Carrier Nhn nh cung cp

Carrier receiving a consignment on behalf of a carrier, agent or shipper for onward transport. Nh cung
cp nhn c mt l hng, thay mt cho mt tu sn bay, i l hoc ngi gi vn chuyn tr i.

Receiving Stock Tip nhn hng

Stock comprising all the goods that have arrived at the door of the receiving organization and which is
not yet available in the stock of that organization. C bao gm tt c cc hng ho rng n lc
cnh ca ca t chc tip nhn, l cha c sn trong cc c phiu ca t chc .

Reconditioning Reconditioning
All activities connected with restoring and/or adjusting the packaging of a product so that it is
presented to the customer in the requested form. Mi hot ng kt ni vi khi phc v / hoc iu
chnh cc bao b ca mt sn phm n c trnh by cho khch hng trong biu mu yu cu.
Recovery Phc hi
Amount recovered from a third party responsible for a loss on which a claim has been paid. S tin thu
hi t mt bn th ba chu trch nhim cho mt yu cu bi thng thit hi m trn c tr
tin.

Red Clause Letter of Credit Hng khon th tn dng

Letter of Credit that allows the exporter to receive a percentage of the face value of the Letter of
Credit in advance of shipment. Th tn dng cho php cc doanh nghip xut khu nhn mt t l
phn trm ca gi tr danh ngha ca cc th tn dng trc khi xut hng. This enables the exporter
to purchase inventory and any other costs associated with producing and preparing the export order.
iu ny cho php cc doanh nghip xut khu mua hng tn kho v cc chi ph khc lin quan
n sn xut v chun b xut khu.

Redelivery Redelivery
Return of a charter vessel to the owners. Quay tr li ca mt mch iu l cho cc ch s hu.

Reefer Cargo Thu t

Cargo requiring temperature control. Vn chuyn hng ha i hi phi kim sot nhit .

Reefer Container Reefer Container

Thermal container with refrigerating appliances (mechanical compressor unit, absorption unit, etc.) to
control the temperature of cargo. Nhit container lnh vi thit b gia dng (n v my nn kh, hp
th n v, vv) kim sot nhit ca hng ha.

Rerforwarding Charge Rerforwarding Charge

Charges paid or to be paid for subsequent surface or air transport from the airport of destination by a
forwarder, but not by a carrier under the Air Waybill (air cargo). Ph thanh ton hoc s phi thanh
ton cho cc b mt tip theo hoc vn chuyn hng khng t sn bay ca mt im n ca ngnh
giao nhn, nhng khng phi do mt tu sn bay di s vn n Air (khng kh vn chuyn hng
ha).

Refund Hon li
Repayment to the purchaser of the total charge or a portion of that charge for unused carriage. Tr n
cho ngi mua ca tng ph hoc mt phn c tnh ph cho vic vn chuyn khng s dng.

Register Ton ng k Tn
1. 1. The unit of measurement for the capacity of a vessel whereby one register ton equals 100 cubic
feet (2.83 cubic meters). Cc n v o lng i vi nng lc ca mt tu, theo mt tn ng k
bng 100 feet khi (2,83 mt khi). 2. 2. The gross (brutto) tonnage comprises all spaces below the
main (tonnage) deck and the enclosed spaces above the main (tonnage) deck less exempted spaces.
The (tng Brutto) trng ti bao gm tt c cc khng gian bn di trng ti (chnh) boong v km
theo khng gian pha trn trng ti (chnh) boong t c min khng gian. 3. 3. The net tonnage
consists of the gross tonnage less exemptions like ballast tanks, engine room, living quarters, etc.
Register tonnage is mentioned on the tonnage certificate. Trng ti li bao gm cc tng trng ti
min gim t nh xe tng chn lu, ng c phng, khu nh , vv ng k trng ti c cp trn
giy chng nhn trng ti.

Regroupage Regroupage
Process of splitting up shipments into various consignments (degroupage) and combining these small
consignments into other shipments (groupage). Qu trnh tch lp l hng vo l hng khc nhau
(degroupage) v kt hp cc l hng nh thnh cc l hng khc (groupage).
Degroupage Groupage Degroupage Groupage

Rejection T chi
Non-acceptance of eg cargo. Khng chp nhn nh vn chuyn hng ha.

Released Bill Pht hnh Bill

Type of affreightment where no specific value has been declared for carriage (No Value Declared). Loi
THU XE ni khng c gi tr c th c tuyn b cho vn chuyn (Khng c Tuyn b gi tr gia
tng).

Remitting Bank Chuyn tin ngn hng

Bank that sends the draft to the overseas bank for collection. Ngn hng s gi bn d tho cc
ngn hng nc ngoi cho b su tp.
Collecting Bank Thu Ngn hng

Replenishment B sung
Completion of stock. Vic hon thnh cc chng khon.

Rerouting Rerouting
Route to be followed as altered from the one originally specified in the Air Waybill (air cargo). L trnh
s c theo sau l thay i t mt trong nhng ban u c xc nh trong vn n Air (khng kh
vn chuyn hng ha).

Reservation t phng
Allotment in advance of space or weight capacity. Allotment trc ca khng gian hoc kh nng cn.
Also referred to as booking (air cargo). Cng c gi l "t ch" (khng kh vn chuyn hng
ha).

Reserve Inventory D tr tn kho

Safety Stock An ton hng

Responsible Carrier Chu trch nhim cung cp

1. 1. The carrier liable under the terms of a Bill of Lading. Chic tu sn bay chu trch nhim i vi
iu kin ca mt Bill of Lading.
2. 2. Carrier responsible for the transport of goods as indicated in the transport document (air cargo).
Nh cung cp chu trch nhim v vn chuyn hng nh c ch ra trong cc ti liu c vn ti
(vn chuyn hng ha).
Synonym: Principal Carrier ng ngha: Hiu trng nh cung cp

Return Shipment Quay tr li l hng

Goods returned to the place of acceptance. Hng ho tr li ni chp nhn.

Reverse Distribution Reverse phn phi

Collection of used, damaged, or outdated products and/or packaging from end-users. B su tp ca
s dng, h hng, hoc cc sn phm li thi v / hoc ng gi t ngi dng cui cng.
Waste Logistics X l cht thi Logistics

Revocable Letter of Credit Revocable th tn dng

Letter of Credit that can be cancelled or altered by the drawee (buyer) after it has been issued by the
drawee's bank. Th tn dng m c th c hy b hoc thay i do ngi mua (drawee) sau khi n
c pht hnh bi ngn hng ca drawee.
Irrevocable Letter of Credit khng th thu hi th tn dng

Road Carrier ng nh cung cp

Synonym: Haulier, Trucker ng ngha: ngi chuyn ch, Trucker

Roll Trailer Roll Trailer

Special trailer for terminal haulage and stowage on board of Roll-on/Roll-off vessels. c bit trailer
cho haulage stowage nh ga v trn tu ca tu Roll-on/Roll-off.
Also referred to as Mafi Trailer. Cng c gi l Mafi Trailer.

Roll-on/Roll-off Roll-on/Roll-off
Abbreviation: RoRo. Tn vit tt: RORO. System of loading and discharging a vessel whereby the
cargo is driven on and off by means of a ramp. H thng np v x mt tu ch hng, theo l li xe
v tt bng phng tin ca mt on ng.

RoRo RORO
Roll-on/Roll-off Roll-on/Roll-off

Rotation Xoay
Sequence in which a vessel calls at the ports on her itinerary. Trnh t, trong tu mt cuc gi ti
cc cng trn hnh trnh ca mnh.

Round Trip Round Trip

Voyage, a journey, etc. to a certain place, port or country and back again. Voyage, mt cuc hnh
trnh, vv n mt ni no , cng hoc quc gia v ngc li.
Voyage Voyage
Route L trnh
Track along which goods are (to be) transported. Theo di dc theo l hng ho (c) chuyn.

Routing Routing
1. 1. The determination of the most efficient route(s) to follow. Vic xc nh cc tuyn ng hiu
qu nht (s) lm theo. 2. 2. The process of determining how a shipment will be moved between
shipper and consignee or between place of acceptance by the carrier and place of delivery to the
consignee. Qu trnh xc nh nh th no mt l hng s c chuyn gia ngi gi v ngi nhn
hoc gia cc ni chp thun ca cc tu sn bay v a im giao hng u thc. 3. 3. The process
of aiding a vessel's navigation by supplying long-range weather forecasts and indicating the most
economic and safe sailing route. Qu trnh chuyn hng aiding ca tu bng cch cung cp di d
bo thi tit phm vi v ch ra cc tuyn ng sailing nht v kinh t v an ton.

Routing Orders nh tuyn n hng

Abbreviation: R/O. Tn vit tt: R / O. The routing order is a specific written Shipping Instruction
issued by the buyer. Trnh t nh tuyn l mt vn bn c th Thng ban hnh Ch th ca ngi mua.
It is usually issued in the case of ex-works or delivered at frontier/free on board deals, thereby
ensuring that the supplier organizes the transport according to the wishes of the buyer. N thng
c ban hnh trong trng hp ca "cu cng trnh" hoc "giao hng ti bin gii" / "free on board"
deals, qua bo m rng cc nh cung cp cc t chc vn ti theo mong mun ca ngi mua.

Row Dng
Vertical division of a vessel from starboard to portside, used as a part of the indication of a stowage
place for containers. Dc b phn ca mt tu t mn phi n Portside, s dng nh mt phn ca
ch th ca mt ni stowage cho container. The numbers run from midships to both sides. Cc con s
chy t phn gia thuyn cho c hai bn.

SA
Subject to Approval. Theo Approval.

SANR SANR
Subject to Approval, No Risk; ie, temporary cover; no risk attached until insurance is confirmed. Theo
Thng qua, Khng c ri ro; tc l tm thi che; khng c bo him ri ro km theo cho n khi c
xc nhn.

SLC SLC
Shipper's Load and Count Shipper's Load and Count

STC STC
Said to Contain Said n Thnh phn

S/D S / D
Sight Draft (Bill of Exchange) Sight D tho (Bill of Exchange)
Sacrifice Hy sinh
Deliberate casting away or destruction of property to prevent greater loss. c i hoc c ph hoi
ti sn trnh mt mt ln hn.

SAD SAD
Single Administrative Document Single hnh chnh Vn bn

Safe Working Load Lm vic an ton Load

Abbreviation: SWL. Tn vit tt: SWL. Maximum load any lifting appliance may handle. Ti a ti bt
k thit b nng h c th x l.

Safety Stock An ton hng

1. A quantity of stock planned to be in inventory to protect against fluctuations in demand and/or

supply. Mt s lng c phiu d kin c trong hng tn kho bo v chng li bin ng v nhu
cu v / hoc cung cp. 2. 2. In the context of master production scheduling, safety stock can refer to
additional inventory and/or capacity planned as protection against forecast errors and/or short term
changes in the backlog. Trong bi cnh lp k hoch sn xut tng th, an ton chng khon c th
tham kho thm hng tn kho v / hoc kh nng bo v chng li k hoch nh d bo li v / hoc
thay i ngn hn trong backlog ny. Also referred to as over-planning or a market hedge. Cng
c gi l "over-quy hoch" hay mt hedge th trng "".

Synonym: Reserve Inventory Cycle Stock ng ngha: D tr tn kho Ma hng

Said to Contain Rng: Thnh phn

Abbreviation: STC Term in a Bill of Lading signifying that the master and the carrier are unaware of
the nature or quantity of the contents of eg a carton, crate, container or bundle and are relying on the
description furnished by the shipper. Tn vit tt: STC hn trong mt Bill of Lading c ngha rng cc
bc thy v cc tu sn bay khng bit v bn cht hay s lng ca ni dung v d nh mt thng
carton, thng, container hoc b v c da trn m t trang b do ngi gi.

Salvage Cu h
Saving or rescue of a vessel and/or the cargo from loss and/or damage at sea. Tit kim hoc cu ca
mt tu v / hoc vn chuyn hng ha t nhng mt mt v / hoc thit hi trn bin.

Salvage Charges Ph cu h
Payable to salvors for saving life and property at sea. Tr cho salvors cu mng v ti sn trn
bin.

Sanitary and Health Certificate Giy chng nhn v sinh v sc khe

Statement signed by a health organization official certifying the degree of purity, cleanliness or
spoilage of goods, and the health of live animals. Tuyn b c k bi mt chnh thc ca t chc y
t xc nhn mc tinh khit, sch s hay hng hng ho, v sc khe ca ng vt sinh sng.

Scale Ton Quy m Tn

Freighting measurement used in certain trades for various commodities. Freighting o lng c s
dng trong ngnh ngh nht nh cho cc hng ha khc nhau.

Schedule Lch trnh

Timetable including arrival/departure times. Thi kha biu bao gm c khi n c / ln khi hnh.

SCR SCR
Special Commodity Rate nh gi hng ha c bit

SDR SDR
Special Drawing Rights Quyn rt vn c bit

Sea Waybill Bin vn n

Non negotiable document, which can only be made out to a named consignee. Khng thng lng ti
liu, m ch c th c gi ti mt ngi nhn c t tn. No surrender of the document by the
consignee is required. Khng u hng ca ti liu theo u thc c yu cu.
Bill of Lading Bill of Lading

Seal Hn
Device used for containers, lockers, trucks, etc. to ensure that they have remained closed during
transport. Thit b s dng cho cc thng cha, lockers, xe ti, vv bo m rng h vn ng ca
trong khi vn chuyn.

Seal Log Con du ng nhp

Document used to record seal numbers. Ti liu c s dng ghi li s con du.

Seasonal Inventory Ma tn kho

Inventory built up in anticipation of a seasonal peak of demand in order to smooth production. Hng
tn kho xy dng vi d on ca mt cao im ma v ca nhu cu sn xut mn.

Seaworthiness Seaworthiness
There is an implied warranty in every voyage policy that the ship must be seaworthy at the
commencement of the insured voyage or, if the voyage is carried out in stages, at the commencement
of each stage of the voyage. C mt ng bo hnh trong mi chuyn i chnh sch m con tu phi
c seaworthy lc bt u chuyn i c bo him hoc, nu chuyn i c thc hin trong giai
on, ti s bt u ca mi giai on ca chuyn i ny. To be seaworthy, the ship must be
reasonably fit in all respects to encounter the ordinary perils of the contemplated voyage. c
seaworthy, con tu phi c hp l ph hp trong tt c cc kha cnh gp cc perils bnh thng
ca nhng chuyn i d tnh. It must be properly crewed, fueled and provisioned, with all equipment
in proper working order. N phi c crewed, nhin liu v provisioned, vi tt c cc trang thit b
 lm vic thch hp. Cargo policies waive breach of the warranty except where the insured or their
employees are privy to the unseaworthiness. T b chnh sch vn ti hng ha vi phm v bo hnh,
tr trng hp ngi c bo him hoc nhn vin ca h ang ng s unseaworthiness ny.
Breach of the warranty is not excused in a hull voyage policy, literal compliance therewith being
required. Vi phm v bo hnh khng c mien trong mt chuyn i thn chnh sch, vn chng
ang c yu cu tun th thm na. Although there is no warranty of seaworthiness in a hull time
policy, claims arising from unseaworthiness may be prejudiced if the ship sails in an unseaworthy
condition with the knowledge of the insured. Mc d khng c bo hnh ca seaworthiness trong mt
thi gian chnh sch thn, khiu ni pht sinh t unseaworthiness c th l thnh kin nu con tu
bum trong mt iu kin unseaworthy vi kin thc v bo him.

Sectional Rate Sectional nh gi

Rate established by scheduled air carrier(s) for a section of a through route (air cargo). T l thnh lp
bi hng hng khng theo lch trnh (s) cho mt phn ca mt thng qua cc tuyn ng (khng kh
vn chuyn hng ha).

SED SED
Shipper's Export Declaration Shipper's Export Declaration

Segregation Tch bit

Distance between the various commodities of dangerous and/or bulk cargoes required by the rules of
IMDG or BC codes. Khong cch gia cc hng ha khc nhau ca nguy him v / hoc s lng ln
hng ha theo yu cu ca cc quy tc ca IMDG hoc m s TCN.

Semi-Trailer Semi-trailer
Vehicle without motive power and with one or more axles designed to be drawn by a truck tractor. Xe
khng c ng lc v vi mt hoc nhiu trc thit k rt ra bi mt my ko xe ti.

Sender Tn ngi gi
Shipper Shipper

Service Level Mc Dch v

Measure for the extent to which the customer orders can be executed at delivery conditions normally
accepted in the market. Thc o cho mc m cc n t hng ca khch hng c th c thc
hin ti cc iu kin giao hng bnh thng c chp nhn trn th trng.

Setting/Air Delivery Temperature Thit lp / Nhit giao hng khng

Indication in the documents (B/L) stating the air supply temperature to the container. Ch dn ti cc
vn bn (B / L) nu r nhit khng kh cung cp container.

Settlement Office Vn phng gii quyt

Institution to which billing is issued and which receives remittances from agents. T chc gio dc m
thanh ton c ban hnh v c nhn chuyn tin t cc i l. It also distributes the monies to CASS
airlines, Billing Participants and Part-Participants (air cargo). N cng phn phi cc khon tin
Cass hng hng khng, ngi tham gia Thanh ton v Phn-Nhng ngi tham gia (khng kh vn
chuyn hng ha).
CASS Airlines Part-Participants Cass Airlines Part-Nhng ngi tham gia

Settling Agent Gii quyt i l

Underwriter's representative who is authorized to settle claims. i din ch th ca nhng ngi
c y quyn gii quyt khiu ni.

Shed Shed
Warehouse Kho

Shelf Life Shelf Life

Specified length of time for which items which are inherently subject to deterioration are deemed to
remain fit for use under prescribed conditions. Xc nh khong thi gian m ghi c vn chu suy
thoi c coi l vn cn ph hp s dng trong cc iu kin theo quy nh.
Synonym: Storage Life ng ngha: Lu tr Cuc sng

Shift Chuyn
Part of the work-program of a stevedoring company (a working day can have up to 3 shifts [24
hours]). Mt phn cng vic ca chng trnh ca mt cng ty Khai thc xp d (mt ngy lm vic c
th c ti 3 ca [24 gi]).

Ship Con tu
Vessel Tu

Ship Broker Mi gii tu

Acts as intermediary between shipowners or carriers on one hand and cargo interests on the other.
Hnh vi lm trung gian gia shipowners hoc tu sn bay trn mt tay v li ch v hng ha khc.

Ship Operator C quan qun l tu

The shipowner or the (legal) person responsible for the actual management of the vessel and its crew.
The shipowner hoc (php l) ngi chu trch nhim qun l thc t ca tu v phi hnh on ca
n.

Ship's Manifest Ship's Manifest

Detailed list, signed by the captain of a ship, that contents the individual shipments constituting the
ship's cargo. Kin danh sch, ch k ca thuyn trng tu, m ni dung cc l hng c nhn cu
thnh ca tu ch hng.

Ship's Protest Ship's Protest

Statement of the master of a vessel before authorities, concerning exceptional events which occurred
during a voyage. Tuyn b ca ch tu trc khi chnh quyn, lin quan n cc s kin c bit ny
din ra trong mt chuyn i.

Shipment L hng
Goods to be carried. Hng ho c thc. Note: In the United States of America the word shipment is
used instead of the word consignment. Lu : Ti Hoa K cc l hng t c s dng thay cho l
hng ch.
Consignment Consignment

Shipowner Shipowner
Legal entity officially registered as such in the certificate of registry where the following particulars are
contained: name of vessel and port of registry, details contained in surveyors certificate, particulars
with respect to the origin stated in the declaration of ownership, the name and description of the
registered owner (if more than one owner the proportionate share of each). Thc th php l chnh
thc ng k nh vy trong giy chng nhn ng k ni c th sau y c cha: tn tu v cng
ca registry, kho st chi tit cha trong giy chng nhn, c th i vi ngun gc ghi trong tuyn b
ca quyn s hu, tn v m t ca ch s hu ng k (nu c nhiu hn mt ch s hu c phn
tng ng ca mi).

Shipper Shipper
Merchant (person) by whom, in whose name or on whose behalf a contract of carriage of goods has
been concluded with a carrier or any party by whom, in whose name or on whose behalf the goods are
actually delivered to the carrier in relation to the contract of carriage. Thng gia (ngi) bi ai, ng
tn hay thay mt c mt hp ng vn chuyn hng ho c k kt vi mt tu sn bay hoc bt
c ai, ng tn hay thay mt m hng ho thc s chuyn giao cho cc tu sn bay lin quan n cc
hp ng vn chuyn.
Synonym: Consignor Sender ng ngha: u thc nhp khu Tn ngi gi

Shipper's Export Declaration Shipper's Export Declaration

Abbreviation: SED. Tn vit tt: SED. Export Declaration xut khu Tuyn b

Shipper's Letter of Instruction Shipper's Letter of Instruction

Shipping Instructions Vn chuyn hng dn

Shipper's Load and Count Shipper's Load and Count

Abbreviation: SLC. Tn vit tt: SLC. Note on Bill of Lading or affreightment, indicating that the
contents of a container were loaded and counted by the shipper and not checked or verified by the
carrier. Lu v Bill of Lading hoc THU XE, cho bit ni dung ca mt container c np v tnh
ca ngi gi v khng kim tra hoc xc minh bng cc tu sn bay.

Shipping Documents Vn chuyn ti liu

Documents required for the carriage of goods. Ti liu cn thit cho vic vn chuyn hng ha.
Synonym: Transport Documents ng ngha: Giao thng vn ti Ti liu
Shipping Instructions Vn chuyn hng dn
Instructions from either the seller/shipper or the buyer/consignee to a freight forwarder, carrier or
their agent, or other provider of a service, enabling the movement of goods and associated activities.
Hng dn t mt trong hai ngi bn / ngi gi hoc ngi mua / ngi nhn vo mt ngnh giao
nhn vn ti hng ha, tu sn bay hoc i din ca h, hoc nh cung cp khc ca mt dch v,
to iu kin cho s chuyn ng ca hng ha v cc hot ng lin quan. The following functions
can be covered: movement and handling of goods (shipping, forwarding and stowage), customs
formalities, distribution of documents, allocation of documents (freight and charges for the connected
operations), special instructions (insurance, dangerous goods, goods release, additional documents
required). Cc chc nng sau c th c bo him: phong tro v x l hng ha (vn chuyn, giao
nhn v stowage), th tc hi quan, phn phi cc ti liu, cp pht ti liu (hng ha v cc khon
ph cho cc hot ng kt ni), hng dn c bit (bo him, hng nguy him, hng pht hnh , b
sung cc vn bn yu cu).
Synonym: Shipper's Letter of Instruction (SLI); ng ngha: Shipper's Letter of Hng dn
(SLI);
Consignment Instructions L hng, hng dn

Shipping Label Thng Label

Label attached to a shipping unit, containing data for identification purposes. Nhn gn vo mt n v
vn chuyn, cha d liu cho cc mc ch nhn din.

Shipping Marks Vn chuyn Marks

Identification shown on individual packages in order to help in moving it without delay or confusion to
its final destination and to enable the checking of cargo against documents. Nhn dng c hin th
trn cc gi c nhn gip trong vic di chuyn n khng chm tr hoc nhm ln n ch cui
cng ca mnh v cho php kim tra hng ha i vi cc ti liu.
Synonym: Marks ng ngha: Marks

Short Form Bill of Lading Short mu Bill of Lading

Summary type Bill of Lading which does not incorporate all obligations and responsibilities of both
parties. S lc v kiu Bill of Lading m khng kt hp tt c cc ngha v v trch nhim ca c hai
bn. Unless a shipper is familiar with the carrier's tariff, they should request a full Bill of Lading. Tr
khi mt ngi gi l quen thuc vi thu quan ca tu sn bay, h nn yu cu y ca Bill Lading.

Shortage t
Negative difference between actual available or delivered quantity and the required quantity. Ph nh
s khc bit gia s lng thc t c sn, hoc giao hng v s lng cc yu cu.

Shrink Wrapping Co Bao b

Heat treatment that shrinks an envelope of polyethylene or similar substance around several units,
thus forming one unit. Nhit luyn m co li mt phong b ca polyethylene hoc cht tng t trn
mt s n v, do to thnh mt n v. It is used, for example, to secure packages on a pallet. N
c s dng, v d, bo m cc gi trn mt pallet.
Shuttle Service Dch v a n
Carriage back and forth over an often short route between two points. Vn chuyn tr li v ra trn
mt tuyn ng thng ngn gia hai im.

SIC SIC
Standard Industrial Classification Tiu chun cng nghip phn loi

Sight Draft (Bill of Exchange) Sight D tho (Bill of Exchange)

Abbreviation: S/D. Tn vit tt: S / D. Draft payable on presentation to the drawee. D tho phi np
vo trnh by cc drawee.

Simulation M phng
Imitation of the reality in order to study the effect of changing parameters in a model as a means of
preparing a decision. Gi ca thc t nghin cu tc ng ca vic thay i cc tham s trong mt
m hnh nh mt phng tin chun b mt quyt nh.

Single Administrative Document Single hnh chnh Vn bn

Abbreviation: SAD. Tn vit tt: SAD. Set of documents, replacing the various (national) forms for
customs declaration within European Community, implemented on January 1st, 1988. Tp hp cc ti
liu, thay th (nhiu quc gia) cho cc hnh thc khai bo hi quan trong Cng ng chu u, thc
hin trn 01 Thng 1 nm 1988. The introduction of the SAD constitutes an intermediate stage in the
abolition of all administrative documentation in intra European Community trade in goods between
member states. Vic gii thiu cc SAD cu thnh mt giai on trung gian trong vic bi b tt c cc
giy t hnh chnh trong ni khi Cng ng chu u thng mi hng ho gia cc nc thnh vin.

Single Transit Policy c thn qu cnh Chnh sch

One Off insurance for those clients who require transit cover on an infrequent basis. "One Off" bo
him cho nhng ngi yu cu khch hng qu cnh bao trn c s khng thng xuyn.

SITC SITC
Standard International Trade Classification Tiu chun Thng mi quc t phn loi

SITPRO SITPRO
National organization for the Simplification of International Trade Procedures in the United Kingdom
(eg in The Netherlands SITPRO is called Sitproneth, in France Simprofrance and in Japan
Jastpro). Quc gia t chc cho cc n gin ho thng mi quc t Th tc ti Vng quc Anh (v
d nh trong The SITPRO H Lan c gi l "Sitproneth", ti Php "Simprofrance" v ti Nht Bn
"Jastpro").

Skeleton Trailer B xng Trailer

Road trailer consisting of a frame and wheels, specially designed to carry containers. ng trailer bao
gm mt khung v bnh xe, thit k c bit ch container.
Skids Skids
Battens fitted underneath frames, boxes or packages to raise them off the floor and allow easy access
for fork lift trucks, slings or other handling equipment. Battens gn bn di khung, hp hoc gi
nng cao tng c chng v cho php truy cp d dng cho cc ng ba xe ti thang my, slings hoc
cc thit b x l khc.

Slave Pallet Slave pallet

Airfreight pallet with rollers. Airfreight pallet vi con ln.

SLI SLI
Abbreviation for Shipper's Letter of Instruction. Vit tt cho th Shipper ca Ch th.
Shipping Instructions Vn chuyn hng dn

Sling Sling
Special chain, wire rope, synthetic fiber strap or ropes used for cargo handling purposes. c bit
xch, dy cp, dy eo si tng hp hoc si dy c s dng cho mc ch x l hng ha.

Slot Slot
Space on board a vessel, required by one TEU, mainly used for administrative purposes. Khng gian
trn board mch, yu cu ca mt TEU, ch yu c s dng cho cc mc ch hnh chnh.
Slot Charter Slot iu l

Slot Charter Khe iu l

Voyage charter whereby the shipowner agrees to place a certain number of container slots (TEU
and/or FEU) at the charterer's disposal. Voyage iu l, theo shipowner ng t mt s lng
nht nh khe container (TEU v / hoc feu) lc x l ca charterer.

Space Charter Khng gian iu l

Voyage charter whereby the shipowner agrees to place part of the vessels capacity at the charterer's
disposal. Voyage iu l, theo shipowner ng t mt phn ca nng lc tu thuyn ti x l
ca charterer.

Special Drawing Rights Quyn rt vn c bit

Abbreviation: SDR. Tn vit tt: SDR. Unit of account from the International Monetary Fund, used to
express the amount of the limitations of a carrier's liability. n v ca ti khon t Qu tin t quc
t, c s dng th hin s tin ca nhng hn ch ca trch nhim php l ca mt tu sn bay.

Special Policy of Insurance c bit Chnh sch ca Bo him

Document issued on behalf of the Underwriter stating the terms and conditions of the marine
insurance. Vn bn ban hnh thay mt cho cc ch th nu r cc iu khon v iu kin ca bo
him hng hi. Issued when evidence of insurance is required, as by the bank issuing the Letter of
Credit. Ngy cp khi bng chng v bo him l bt buc, nh l do ngn hng pht hnh cc th tn
dng.

Special Rate im c bit

Rate other than a normal tariff/rate. T l khc vi thu quan bnh thng / sut.

Special Commodity Rate im c bit hng ha

Abbreviation: SCR. Tn vit tt: SCR. Rate applicable to carriage of specifically designated
commodities (air cargo). T l p dng vn chuyn hng ho c th c (khng kh vn chuyn
hng ha).

Specified Rate T l quy nh

Rate specified in an IATA Cargo Tariff Coordination Conference resolution (air cargo). T l quy nh
trong mt ngh quyt Hi ngh IATA cc vn ti hng ha phi hp (khng kh vn chuyn hng ha).

Spoke Ni
Stretch between a hub and one of the group of consignees and/or shippers being served by the hub.
Cng ra gia mt trung tm v mt trong nhng nhm ngi nhn hng v / hoc Shippers ang c
phc v bi trung tm ny.

Spontaneous Ignition Temperature Nhit nh la t pht

Lowest temperature at which a substance will start burning spontaneously without an external source
of ignition. Nhit thp nht m ti mt cht s bt u chy t pht m khng c mt ngun
bn ngoi ca la.
Flammable Flash Point d chy Flash Point

Spot Exchange Spot Exchange

Purchase or sale of foreign exchange for immediate delivery. Mua, bn ngoi t giao ngay.

Spreader Spreader

1. Device used for lifting containers, and unitized cargo. c s dng cho thit b nng h container,
hng ha v unitized.
2. Beam or frame that holds the slings vertical when hoisting a load, to prevent damage to cargo.
Beam hoc khung cha slings dc khi ti cu mt, trnh thit hi cho hng ha.

Container Bolster Container Platform container trng ngi container Platform

Stability n nh
Capacity of a vessel to return to its original position after having been displaced by external forces.
Nng lc ca mt tu tr v v tr ban u ca n sau khi c di ca cc lc lng bn ngoi.
The stability of a vessel depends on the meta-centric height. S n nh ca mt tu ph thuc vo
cc siu trung tm cao.
Stack Stack
Identifiable amount of containers stowed in a orderly way in one specified place on an terminal,
container freight station, container yard or depot. Nhn dng s lng container stowed mt cch c
trt t ti mt ni c ch nh vo mt nh ga, trm vn chuyn hng ha container, bi container
hoc kho.
Container Stack container Stack

Stacking Stacking
To pile boxes, bags, containers, etc. on top of each other. cc hp, ti xch, thng cha, vv trn
u trang ca mi khc.

Stackweight Stackweight
Total weight of the containers and cargo in a certain row. Tng trng lng ca thng cha v vn
chuyn hng ha trong mt hng nht nh.

Standard Industrial Classification Phn loi theo tiu chun cng nghip
Abbreviation: SIC. Tn vit tt: SIC. Method, used in the United States, to categorize companies into
different industrial groupings. Phng php, c s dng ti Hoa K, phn loi cc cng ty thnh
nhm cng nghip khc nhau.

Standard International Trade Classification Thng mi quc t tiu chun phn loi
Abbreviation: SITC. Tn vit tt: SITC. Standard numerical code system developed by the United
Nations to classify commodities used in international trade. M s tiu chun h thng pht trin ca
Lin Hip Quc phn loi hng ho c s dng trong thng mi quc t.

Starboard Starboard
Right side of a vessel when facing towards the front or forward end. Bn phi ca mt tu khi phi i
mt hng v pha trc hay cui pha trc.

State of Origin Nh nc xut x

State in the country in which the cargo was first loaded on board of an aircraft (air cargo). Nh nc
ti cc quc gia m hng ha ln u tin c np vo hi ng ca mt chic my bay (my bay
vn chuyn hng ha).

State of the Operator Nh nc ca Nh iu Hnh

State in which the operator has its principal place of business or, if it has no such place of business, its
permanent residence (air cargo). Nh nc, trong cc nh iu hnh din ra ch yu ca doanh
nghip hoc, nu n khng c ni nh kinh doanh, n thng tr (khng kh vn chuyn hng ha).

Steamship Agency C quan Steamship

Agency representing a steamship company that does not have an office in the particular port. C quan
i din cho mt cng ty steamship rng khng c mt vn phng ti cc cng c th. Performs
services to maintain operations on behalf of vessel owners. Thc hin cc dch v duy tr hot ng
thay mt cho cc ch tu.

Steamship Conference Steamship Hi ngh

Group of steamship operators that operate under mutually agreed-upon freight rates and other
conditions. Nhm cc nh khai thc steamship rng hot ng theo hai bn c tho thun t gi
hng ha v cc iu kin khc.

Steering of Containers Ch o ca Containers

Function, with the aid of specific software, for tracking and forecasting (IRMA, MINKA), to direct empty
containers to areas of demand at minimum cost. Chc nng, vi s tr gip ca phn mm c th,
theo di v d bo (IRMA, Minka), container rng trc tip n cc khu vc nhu cu vi chi ph ti
thiu.

Stem Stem
Foremost part of a vessel. Ht mt phn ca mt tu.

Stern Stern
Aftermost part of a vessel. Aftermost mt phn ca mt tu.

Stevedore Stevedore
Company which executes the loading, stowing and discharging of vessels. Cng ty thc hin np,
stowing v phng tu.

Stock C
Materials in a supply chain or in a segment of a supply chain, expressed in quantities, locations and/or
values. Vt liu trong mt chui cung ng hoc trong mt phn on ca mt chui cung ng, th
hin s lng, a im v / hoc cc gi tr.
Synonym: Inventory when used as a generic term, common in the USA and extensive in the UK ng
ngha: Hng tn kho khi c s dng nh l mt thut ng chung chung, ph bin M v rng ri
Anh

Stock Control C Control

Systematic administration of stock quantity levels. H thng chnh quyn cc cp s lng c phiu.

Stock Keeping Unit C Gi n v

Description of the unit of measurement by which the stock items are recorded on the stock record. M
t ca cc n v o lng m cc mc c phiu c ghi nhn trong h s chng khon.

Stock List Danh sch chng khon

Inventory Hng tn kho

Stock Locator System C phn i l h thng

System in which all places within a warehouse are named or numbered. H thng trong tt c mi
ni trong mt nh kho c t tn hoc s.

Stock Point C im
Point in the supply chain meant to keep materials available. im trong chui cung ng c ngha l
gi nguyn liu sn c.

Stock Record C Record

Record of the quantity of stock of a single item, often containing a history of recent transactions and
information for controlling the replenishment of stock. H s v s lng c phn ca mt mc duy
nht, thng c cha mt lch s ca cc giao dch gn y v thng tin cho vic kim sot b sung
vn ca cc c phiu.

Storage Kho cha

Placing goods into a warehouse. Vic t hng ho vo mt nh kho.

Storage Charge Ph lu tr
Fee for keeping goods in a warehouse. L ph gi hng ha trong kho hng mt.

Stores Ca hng
Provisions and supplies on board required for running a vessel. Quy nh v ngun cung cp trn tu
yu cu cho chy mt mch.

Stowage Nng sn
Placing and securing of cargo or containers on board a vessel or an aircraft or of cargo in a container.
Vic t v bo v hng ha hoc bao gi trn khoang mt tu hoc mt my bay hoc hng ha
trong container mt.

Stowage Factor Nng sn Factor

Ratio of a cargo's cubic measurement to its weight, expressed in cubic feet to the ton or cubic meters
to the tonne, used in order to determine the total quantity of cargo which can be loaded in a certain
space. T l o lng ca mt khi lng hng ha cho mnh, by t trong feet khi vo tn hoc mt
khi tn ny, c s dng xc nh s lng tng s hng ha m c th c ti trong mt
khng gian nht nh.

Stowage Instructions Nng sn hng dn

Details about the way certain cargo is to be stowed. Chi tit v cch thc nht nh vn chuyn hng
ha l c cha.

Stowage Plan K hoch nh gi qu

Plan indicating the locations on the vessel of all the consignments. K hoch cho thy cc v tr trn
tu ca tt c cc l hng.
Bay Plan Bay K hoch
Stowaway Ngi i tau lu
Unwanted person who hides on board of a vessel or an aircraft to get free passage, to evade port
officials, etc. Khng mong mun ngi giu trn tu ca mt tu hoc my bay c c mt on
vn Vit, n trnh ca cng, vv

Straddle Carrier S dang chn ra nh cung cp

Wheeled vehicle designed to lift and carry shipping containers within its own framework. Bnh xe c
thit k nng v thc hin vn chuyn container trong khun kh ring ca mnh. It is used for
moving, and stacking shipping containers at a container terminal. N c s dng di chuyn, v
xp container ti mt nh ga vn chuyn container.

Straddle Crane S dang chn ra cu

Crane usually running on rails and spanning an open area such as rail-tracks or roadways. Xe cu
thng chy trn ray v bao trm mt khu vc m nh ng st, bi nhc hoc ng.

Straight Bill of Lading Straight Bill of Lading

Non-negotiable Bill of Lading in which the goods are consigned directly to a named consignee. Non-
negotiable Bill of Lading trong hng ha c k gi trc tip n mt ngi nhn c t tn.

Strap Strap
Band of metal, plastic or other flexible material used to hold cargo or cases together. Ban nhc ca
kim loi, nha hoc vt liu linh hot khc c s dng gi hng ha hoc trng hp li vi
nhau.

Stretch Cng
Leg between two points. Chn gia hai im.

Strikes Cover Cuc nh cng Cover

Limited to damage caused to insured property by strikers, locked-out workers and persons involved in
a labor dispute. Hn ch thit hi n ti sn bo him ca tin o, b kha-ra cng nhn v nhng
ngi tham gia vo mt v tranh chp lao ng. Does not include loss or expense incurred as a result
of strikes. Khng bao gm mt mt hay chi ph pht sinh nh l kt qu ca cuc nh cng.

Stripping Tc
Unloading of cargo out of a container. Xp d hng ha ra khi thng cha mt.
Synonym: Devanning, Unstuffing, Unpacking ng ngha: Devanning, Unstuffing, Unpacking

Stuffing Nhi
Loading of cargo into a container. Ti hng ha vo container mt.
Synonym: Vanning, Packing ng ngha: Vanning, ng gi

Subrogation Subrogation
Right of the underwriter to step into the shoes of the insured, following payment of a claim, to recover
the payment from a third party responsible for the loss. Bn phi ca cc ch th bc vo trong
giy ca ngi c bo him, sau y l mt yu cu thanh ton tin, phc hi vic thanh ton t
mt bn th ba chu trch nhim v nhng tn tht. Subrogation is limited to the amount paid on the
policy. Subrogation c gii hn trong s tin c tr v chnh sch.

Substretch Substretch
Part of a stretch. Mt phn ca mt cng ra. This term is used if it is necessary to distinguish between
a stretch and a part thereof. Thut ng ny c s dng nu n l cn thit phn bit gia mt
cng v mt phn .

Sue and Labor Charges Sue v lao ng Ph

Charges incurred by an insured in averting or diminishing a loss. Chi ph pht sinh do mt trong
averting bo him hoc gim bt mt mt mt. They are recoverable in addition to the full sum
insured. H ang phc hi, thm vo cc khon tin bo him y .

Supply Chain Supply Chain

Sequence of events in a goods flow which adds to the value of a specific good. Chui cc s kin trong
mt lung hng ho thm vo cc gi tr ca mt tt c th. These events may include: Nhng s
kin ny c th bao gm:
a) conversion; b) assembling and/or disassembling; mt chuyn i); b) lp rp v / hoc tho;
c) movements and placements. c) chuyn ng v v tr.

Supply Vessel Cung ng tu

Vessel which carries stock and stores to offshore drilling rigs/platforms. Tu c th mang theo chng
khon v cc ca hng ging khoan ngoi khi / nn tng.

Surcharge Ph ph
Additional charge added to the usual or customary freight. B sung thm vo ph vn chuyn hng
ha thng thng hoc phong tc.

Survey Cuc iu tra

Inspection of a certain item or object by a recognized specialist. Kim tra ca mt mc no hoc
i tng ca mt chuyn gia cng nhn.

Surveyor Surveyor
Marine specialist who examines damaged property and determines the cause, nature, and extent of
damage and methods of repair and/or replacement. Hng Hi chuyn vin kim tra b h hng ti sn
v xc nh nguyn nhn gy ra, thin nhin, v mc thit hi v phng php sa cha v / hoc
thay th. This person is not an adjuster, and all their actions are without prejudice to policy terms and
conditions. Ngi ny khng phi l mt iu chnh, v tt c cc hnh ng ca h l khng nh
hng n chnh sch iu khon v iu kin.

SWL SWL
 Safe Working Load an ton Lm vic Load

Swop Body Giao hoan Body

Separate unit without wheels to carry cargo via road. Ring n v m khng c bnh xe ch hng
ha bng ng b. Sometimes equipped with legs to perform an intermodal transport within Europe.
i khi c trang b hai chn thc hin mt giao thng intermodal trong vng u Chu. It can be
left behind to load or discharge whilst the driver and truck/chassis change to another unit. N c th
li pha sau np hoc x trong khi li xe v xe ti / khung thay i mt n v khc. These units
are not used for sea transport. Cc n v ny khng c s dng cho vn ti bin.

Synergy Synergy
Simultaneous joint action of separate parties which, together, have greater total effect than the sum of
their individual effects. ng thi hnh ng chung ca cc bn ring bit , cng vi nhau, c tc
dng ln hn tng s hn tng cc hiu ng c nhn ca h.

System H thng
Whole body of connected elements which influence each other and have a specific relationship with
their environment. Ton b c th ca cc yu t kt ni m nh hng ln nhau v c mi quan h
c bit vi mi trng ca h.

c ng bi BEAN vo lc16:20

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